reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 44-5-172 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 7 - Prescription|§ 44-5-172. Tacking of Successive Possessions

 An inchoate prescriptive title may be transferred by a person in possession to his successor so that successive possessions may be tacked to make out the prescription.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2648; Code 1868, § 2647; Code 1873, § 2689; Code 1882, § 2689; Civil Code 1895, § 3598; Civil Code 1910, § 4178; Code 1933, § 85-416.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 3 Am. Jur. 2d, Adverse Possession, § 76 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 2 C.J.S., Adverse Possession, § 154 et seq.   ALR.    - Time during which dominant and servient tracts were in same ownership or under same control as excluded or included in determining easement by prescription, 98 A.L.R. 591.    Adverse possession: right of remainderman or reversioner to tack his possession to that of life tenant, 150 A.L.R. 557.   Tacking as applied to prescriptive easements, 72 A.L.R.3d 648.
GA Code § 44-5-173 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 7 - Prescription|§ 44-5-173. Prescription Involving Unrepresented Estates, Joint Tenancies, or Dismissed Actions

  Prescription shall not run against an unrepresented estate until representation is had thereon, provided such representation commences within five years.   Prescription shall not run against a joint title which cannot be severally enforced or where any of the joint owners labor under one of the disabilities specified in Code Section 44-5-170.   Prescription shall not run against a party when his action, timely commenced, is involuntarily dismissed or voluntarily dismissed for the first time if he recommences the same within six months.    (Laws 1847, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 569; Ga. L. 1855-56, p. 233, §§ 21, 24, 33; Code 1863, § 2647; Code 1868, § 2646; Code 1873, § 2688; Code 1882, § 2688; Civil Code 1895, § 3595; Civil Code 1910, § 4175; Code 1933, § 85-413.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 3 Am. Jur. 2d, Adverse Possession, §§ 96, 109, 110, 149, 171, 201 et seq. 27A Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 124 et seq. 51 Am. Jur. 2d, Limitations of Actions, § 222.   C.J.S.   - 2 C.J.S., Adverse Possession, §§ 201, 283, 293.
GA Code § 44-5-174 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 7 - Prescription|§ 44-5-174. Tacking of Prior Possession Originating in Fraud

 In making out a prescriptive title, an innocent purchaser may not tack to the time period of his own possession the time of possession of a grantor whose possession originated through fraud against the true owner.   (Civil Code 1895, § 3596; Civil Code 1910, § 4176; Code 1933, § 85-415.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 3 Am. Jur. 2d, Adverse Possession, § 76 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 2 C.J.S., Adverse Possession, §§ 163, 207, 208.   ALR.    - Adverse possession: right of remainderman or reversioner to tack his possession to that of life tenant, 150 A.L.R. 557.   Tacking as applied to prescriptive easements, 72 A.L.R.3d 648.
GA Code § 44-5-175 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 7 - Prescription|§ 44-5-175. Prescription Involving Incorporeal Rights

 An incorporeal right which may be lawfully granted, such as a right of way or the right to throw water upon the land of another, may be acquired by prescription.   (Civil Code 1895, § 3590; Civil Code 1910, § 4170; Code 1933, § 85-409.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Some Aspects of the Law of Easements," see 9 Ga. St. B.J. 287 (1973).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Rules   Particular Rights   Illustrative Cases    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 3 Am. Jur. 2d, Adverse Possession, §§ 121, 122, 308. 25 Am. Jur. 2d, Easements and Licenses, §§ 33 et seq., 73, 96, 101 et seq., 106.   C.J.S.   - 2 C.J.S., Adverse Possession, § 62. 28A C.J.S., Easements, § 4 et seq.   ALR.    - Implied easement upon severance of tract where building is near or encroaches upon the dividing line, 41 A.L.R. 1210; 53 A.L.R. 910.    Easement by prescription for use of land near boundary line, 58 A.L.R. 1037.    Use by public as affecting acquisition by individual of right of way by prescription, 111 A.L.R. 221.    Nature and extent of interest acquired by railroad in right of way by adverse possession or prescription, 127 A.L.R. 517.    Acquisition of right of way by prescription as affected by change of location or deviation during prescriptive period, 143 A.L.R. 1402; 80 A.L.R.2d 1095.    Acquisition of easement or other property right by prescription, predicated upon acts amounting to a private nuisance, 152 A.L.R. 343.    Easement by prescription: presumption and burden of proof as to adverse character of use, 170 A.L.R. 776.    Extinguishment of easement by implication or prescription, by sale of servient estate to purchaser without notice, 174 A.L.R. 1241.   Rights derived from use by adjoining owners for driveway, or other common purpose, of strip of land lying over and along their boundary, 27 A.L.R.2d 332.   Necessary parties defendant to suit to prevent or remove obstruction or interference with easement of way, 28 A.L.R.2d 409.   Acquisition by user of prescription of right of way over unenclosed land, 46 A.L.R.2d 1140.   Right to maintain gate or fence across right of way, 52 A.L.R.3d 9.   Tacking as applied to prescriptive easements, 72 A.L.R.3d 648.   Extinguishment by prescription of natural servitude for drainage of surface waters, 42 A.L.R.4th 462.   Scope of prescriptive easement for access (easement of way), 79 A.L.R.4th 604.
GA Code § 44-5-176 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 7 - Prescription|§ 44-5-176. Effect on Prescription of Notice of Instrument Creating a Lien

 Prescription shall not run against the owner or holder of a mortgage, a deed to secure debt, a bill of sale to secure debt, or any other instrument creating a lien on or conveying an interest in real or personal property as security for debt in favor of a person who has actual or constructive notice of such instrument.   (Ga. L. 1937, p. 755, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 3 Am. Jur. 2d, Adverse Possession, §§ 12, 13, 15, 112 et seq., 169, 224 et seq. 264, 301.   C.J.S.   - 2 C.J.S., Adverse Possession, § 208. 59 C.J.S., Mortgages, §§ 255, 695.   ALR.    - Adverse possession by stranger as against mortgagee, 136 A.L.R. 782.   Adverse possession: mortgagee's possession before foreclosure as barring right of redemption, 7 A.L.R.2d 1131.
GA Code § 44-5-177 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 7 - Prescription|§ 44-5-177. Adverse Possession of Personal Property

 Possession of personal property in conformance with the requirements of Code Section 44-5-161 for a period of four years confers title to the property by prescription. No prescription arises if the property is concealed, is removed from the state, or is otherwise not subject to reclamation.   (Laws 1847, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 569; Ga. L. 1855-56, p. 233, §§ 2, 4; Code 1863, § 2644; Code 1868, § 2643; Code 1873, § 2685; Code 1882, § 2685; Civil Code 1895, § 3592; Civil Code 1910, § 4172; Code 1933, § 85-1706.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 3 Am. Jur. 2d, Adverse Possession, § 8.   C.J.S.   - 73 C.J.S., Property, § 37.   ALR.    - Larceny by finder of property, 36 A.L.R. 372.
GA Code § 44-5-190 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 8 - Escheat|§ 44-5-190. Through 44-5-199

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 1996, p. 504, § 9, effective January 1, 1998.   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1996, p. 504, § 9, effective January 1, 1998, repealed the Code sections formerly codified at this article, which consisted of §§ 44-5-190 through44-5-199 and was based on Ga. L. 1984, p. 1124, § 1; Ga. L. 1985, p. 149, § 44. For new provisions concerning escheat, see Title 53, Chapter 2, Article 5.    Ga. L. 1984, p. 1124, § 1, effective March 29, 1984, repealed the Code sections formerly codified at this article, which consisted of §§ 44-5-190 through44-5-195 and was based on Laws 1801, Cobbs 1851 Digest, pp 251, 254; Laws 1805, Cobbs 1851 Digest, p 252; Laws 1817, Cobbs 1851 Digest, p 254; Laws 1836, Cobbs 1851 Digest, p 255; Orig. Code 1863, §§ 2627, 2630-2633; Code 1868, §§ 2627, 2630-2633; Code 1873, §§ 2669, 2671-2674; Code 1882, §§ 2669, 2671-2674; Civil Code 1895, §§ 3575, 3577-3580; Civil Code 1910, §§ 4155, 4157-4160; Ga. L. 1917, p 101, § 2; Code 1933, §§ 85-1101, 85-1103 - 85-1108.
GA Code § 44-5-210 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 5 - Acquisition and Loss of Property|Article 9 - Forfeiture|§ 44-5-210. Lien of State for Costs of Prosecution

 The state shall hold a lien upon all the property of a convicted offender for the costs of the prosecution against him.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2634; Code 1868, § 2634; Code 1873, § 2675; Code 1882, § 2675; Civil Code 1895, § 3581; Civil Code 1910, § 4161; Code 1933, § 85-1109.)   Cross references.   - Prohibition against forfeiture of estate, Ga. Const. 1983, Art. I, Sec. I, Para. XX.    Further provisions regarding lien for costs of prosecution, § 17-11-1.   Law reviews.   - For article on whether one's property is forfeited after a conviction based on a nolo contendere plea, see 13 Ga. L. Rev. 723 (1979).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Inheritance provisions not changed by heir killing person inherited from.    - Under the laws of Georgia, the fact that an heir kills the person from whom one expects to inherit will not change the application of the statutes of descent. The policy of this state is shown in this statute. Hagan v. Cone, 21 Ga. App. 416, 94 S.E. 602 (1917) (see O.C.G.A. § 44-5-210).    Where a wife dies without issue, her husband is her sole heir, and his right of inheritance is not forfeited by reason of having murdered his wife. Crumley v. Hall, 202 Ga. 588, 43 S.E.2d 646 (1947).   Section not violated by municipal ordinance requiring liquor seller to give bond.    - Municipal ordinance, requiring one who engages in the sale of "near beer" in the municipality to give a good and solvent bond, conditioned that one will keep an orderly house and will not violate the state liquor laws or disobey the ordinances of the city regulating the liquor business, and the bond taken in pursuance thereof are not in violation of this statute, nor do they violate the Constitution. City of Albany v. Cassel, 11 Ga. App. 745, 76 S.E. 105 (1912) (see O.C.G.A. § 44-5-210).   Confiscation of bribe money for payment of fine not a forfeiture.    - When the trial court, in a bribery case, ordered the confiscation of bribe money and ruled that the money might be used toward the payment of the fine assessed in the case, and when the money did not exceed the maximum fine under former Code 1933, § 26-2301 (see O.C.G.A. § 16-10-2), the confiscation was not tantamount to a forfeiture. Hall v. State, 155 Ga. App. 724, 272 S.E.2d 578 (1980).    Cited in Tennesco, Inc. v. Berger, 144 Ga. App. 45, 240 S.E.2d 586 (1977).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27A Am. Jur. 2d, Escheat, § 10. 36 Am. Jur. 2d, Forfeitures and Penalties, § 14.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Convicts, §§ 3, 7. 37 C.J.S., Forfeitures, § 2 et seq.   ALR.    - Forfeiture of property unauthorizedly used by servant in violating law, 5 A.L.R. 213.   Items of cost of prosecution for which defendant may be held, 65 A.L.R.2d 854.
GA Code § 44-6-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 6 - Estates|Article 1 - In General|§ 44-6-1. Rule Against Perpetuities; Exception for Certain Trusts for Employees

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 1990, p. 1837, § 1, effective May 1, 1990.   Editor's notes.   - Former § 44-6-1, pertaining to the rule against perpetuities, was based on Orig. Code 1863, § 2249; Code 1868, § 2241; Code 1873, § 2267; Code 1882, § 2267; Civil Code 1895, § 3102; Civil Code 1910, § 3678; Code 1933, § 85-707; Ga. L. 1953, Jan.-Feb. Sess., p. 42, § 1. For present provisions as to the rule against perpetuities, see § 44-6-200 et seq.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Lease renewal provision as violating rule against perpetuities or restraints on alienation, 99 A.L.R.6th 591.
GA Code § 44-6-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 6 - Estates|Article 1 - In General|§ 44-6-2. Merger of Lesser Estate Into Greater

 If two estates in the same property shall unite in the same person in his individual capacity, the lesser estate shall be merged into the greater.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2253; Code 1868, § 2245; Code 1873, § 2271; Code 1822, § 2271; Civil Code 1895, § 3106; Civil Code 1910, § 3682; Code 1933, § 85-710.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Descendible Future Interests in Georgia: The Effect of the Preference for Early Vesting," see 7 Ga. L. Rev. 443 (1973). For comment on Lathem v. Smith, 188 Ga. 472, 4 S.E.2d 27 (1939), see 2 Ga. B.J. 44 (1939).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Requirements for Merger   Intent of Parties   Courts of Equity   Mortgages   Illustrative Cases    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 28 Am. Jur. 2d, Estates, §§ 378, 423 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 26A C.J.S., Deeds, § 263. 31 C.J.S., Estates, §§ 116, 134, 148 et seq., 177. 96 C.J.S., Wills, § 1192. 97 C.J.S., Wills, §§ 1348, 1349.   ALR.    - Merger, as to other than intervening lienor, on purchase of paramount mortgage by owner of fee, 46 A.L.R. 322.    Merger of estate for years in fee or lesser estate, 143 A.L.R. 93.    Deed from mortgagor to mortgagee or from purchaser to vendor as merger of mortgage or of vendor's lien as regards intervening liens, 148 A.L.R. 816.
GA Code § 44-6-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 6 - Estates|Article 1 - In General|§ 44-6-3. Lien on One's Own Property; Purchase of Lien on Own Property and Enforcement Thereof

 As a general rule, a party may not hold a lien on his own property; but the owner of property which is subject to a lien created or imposed against the property by another person may protect himself by purchasing the lien and levying it on other property of the person liable to pay the same or holding it as a claim against such person.   (Civil Code 1895, § 3107; Civil Code 1910, § 3683; Code 1933, § 85-711.)   Cross references.   - Liens generally, Ch. 14 of this title.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Bearden v. Carter Merchandise Co., 101 Ga. 169, 28 S.E. 678 (1897); McDuffie v. Merchants Bank, 168 Ga. 231, 147 S.E. 111 (1929); Franklin Mtg. Co. v. McDuffie, 43 Ga. App. 604, 159 S.E. 599 (1931); Edmonds v. Beatie, 62 Ga. App. 246, 8 S.E.2d 559 (1940); Bostwick v. Felder, 73 Ga. App. 118, 35 S.E.2d 783 (1945); Barron Buick, Inc. v. Kennesaw Fin. Co., 105 Ga. App. 451, 124 S.E.2d 918 (1962).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 28 Am. Jur. 2d, Estates, §§ 89, 90. 51 Am. Jur. 2d, Liens, § 10 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 31 C.J.S., Estates, § 104 et seq.   ALR.    - Subrogation of purchaser who discharges superior lien as part of purchase price, as against recorded junior lien, 37 A.L.R. 384; 113 A.L.R. 958.    Requiring security from life tenant for protection of remainderman, 101 A.L.R. 271; 138 A.L.R. 440.
GA Code § 44-6-20 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 6 - Estates|Article 2 - Fee Simple Estates|§ 44-6-20. "Absolute or Fee Simple Estate" Defined

 An absolute or fee simple estate is one in which the owner is entitled to the entire property with unconditional power of disposition during his life and which descends to his heirs and legal representatives upon his death intestate.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2226; Code 1868, § 2220; Code 1873, § 2246; Code 1882, § 2246; Civil Code 1895, § 3081; Civil Code 1910, § 3657; Code 1933, § 85-501.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 28 Am. Jur. 2d, Estates, § 12 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 31 C.J.S., Estates, §§ 7, 8.   ALR.    - Validity and effect of contract or deed which purports to cover or convey an undivided interest in land without specifying the amount of the interest, 123 A.L.R. 912.    Construction of deed of undivided interest in land, as to fractional interest in oil, gas, or other minerals, or in royal reserved or excepted, 163 A.L.R. 1132.   Gift or grant in terms sufficient to carry the whole property absolutely as so operating where followed by a purported limitation over of property not disposed of by the first taker, 17 A.L.R.2d 7.   Validity of restraint, ending not later than expiration of a life or lives in being, on alienation of an estate in fee, 42 A.L.R.2d 1243.   Conveyance of "right of way," in connection with conveyancing of another tract, as passing fee or easement, 89 A.L.R.3d 767.
GA Code § 44-6-21 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 6 - Estates|Article 2 - Fee Simple Estates|§ 44-6-21. Words Necessary to Create Absolute Estate; Preference for Construing as Conveyance; Maker's Intention Controls; Parol Evidence

 The word "heirs" or its equivalent is not necessary to create an absolute estate. Every properly executed conveyance shall be construed to convey the fee unless a lesser estate is mentioned and limited in that conveyance. If a lesser estate is expressly limited, the courts shall not, by construction, increase such estate into a fee but, disregarding all technical rules, shall give effect to the intention of the maker of the instrument, as far as the same is lawful, if the intention can be gathered from the contents of the instrument. If the court cannot gather the intention of the maker from the contents of the instrument, it may hear parol evidence to prove the maker's intention.   (Laws 1821, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 169; Code 1863, § 2228; Code 1868, § 2222; Code 1873, § 2248; Code 1882, § 2248; Civil Code 1895, § 3083; Civil Code 1910, § 3659; Code 1933, § 85-503.)   Law reviews.   - For comment on Grant v. Haymes, 164 Ga. 371, 138 S.E. 892 (1927), see 1 Ga. L. Rev. 45 (1927). For comment on Bienvenu v. First Nat'l Bank, 193 Ga. 101, 17 S.E.2d 257 (1941), see 4 Ga. B.J. 45 (1942).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Rules of Construction    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 23 Am. Jur. 2d, Deeds, §§ 212, 226 et seq. 28 Am. Jur. 2d, Estates, § 15 et seq. 80 Am. Jur. 2d, Wills, §§ 1119, 1260 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 26A C.J.S., Deeds, §§ 169 et seq., 182 et seq., 245 et seq., 280 et seq. 96 C.J.S., Wills, § 1192 et seq.   ALR.    - Meaning of term "issue" where used as a word of purchase, 2 A.L.R. 930; 117 A.L.R. 691.    Effect of omission of words of inheritance from a reservation, exception, or provision for forfeiture in a deed, 34 A.L.R. 695.    Nature of estate created by grant or gift to one and his children, 161 A.L.R. 612.   Nature of estates or interests created by grant or devise to one and heirs if donee should have any heirs, 16 A.L.R.2d 670.   Conveyance of "right of way," in connection with conveyance of another tract, as passing fee or easement, 89 A.L.R.3d 767.
GA Code § 44-6-23 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 6 - Estates|Article 2 - Fee Simple Estates|§ 44-6-23. Construction of Words Such as "Heirs" or "Heirs of body."

 Limitations over to "heirs," "heirs of the body," "lineal heirs," "lawful heirs," "issue," or words of similar meaning shall be held to mean "children" whether the parents are alive or dead. Under such words the children and the descendants of deceased children by representation in being at the time of the vesting of the estate shall take.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2229; Code 1868, § 2223; Code 1873, § 2249; Code 1882, § 2249; Civil Code 1895, § 3084; Civil Code 1910, § 3360; Code 1933, § 85-504.)   Law reviews.   - For article discussing problems in construction of instrument conveying gift to a group or class, see 6 Ga. St. B.J. 169 (1969). For article, "Descendible Future Interests in Georgia: The Effect of the Preference for Early Vesting," see 7 Ga. L. Rev. 443 (1973). For article surveying legislative and judicial developments in Georgia's will, trusts, and estate laws, see 31 Mercer L. Rev. 281 (1979). For comment on Walters v. Donaldson, 184 Ga. 45, 191 S.E. 429 (1937), see 5 Ga. B.J. 64 (1943). For comment on Brooks v. Williams, 227 Ga. 59, 178 S.E.2d 880 (1970), see 23 Mercer L. Rev. 399 (1972).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Words of Similar Import   Taking by Children and Descendants    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 23 Am. Jur. 2d, Deeds, § 243 et seq. 28 Am. Jur. 2d, Estates, §§ 332 et seq. 80 Am. Jur. 2d, Wills, §§ 1018, 1047 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 26A C.J.S., Deeds, § 264 et seq. 96 C.J.S., Wills, §§ 910, 911, 917, 926 et seq., 935, 947, 949, 957 et seq., 1202 et seq.   ALR.    - Meaning of term "issue" where used as a word of purchase, 2 A.L.R. 930; 117 A.L.R. 691.    Fee simple conditional, 114 A.L.R. 602.    Doctrine as to possibility of issue being extinct as affecting property rights or taxation, 146 A.L.R. 794; 98 A.L.R.2d 1285.    Nature of estate created by grant or gift to one and his children, 161 A.L.R. 612.   Time of ascertaining persons to take, under deed or inter vivos trust, where designated as the "heirs," "next of kin," "children," "relations," etc., of life tenant or remainderman, 65 A.L.R.2d 1408.   Husband or wife as heir within provision of will or trust, 79 A.L.R.2d 1438.   Modern status of the Rule in Shelley's Case, 99 A.L.R.2d 1161.
GA Code § 44-6-24 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 6 - Estates|Article 2 - Fee Simple Estates|§ 44-6-24. Estates Tail Abolished; Effect of Limitations Which Would Create Estate Tail by Implication

  Estates tail are prohibited and abolished and the law shall not presume or imply such an estate. Gifts or grants to a person and the heirs of his body, to his male heirs or female heirs, to his heirs by a particular person, to his children, or to his issue shall convey an absolute fee.   Limitations which, by the English rules of construction, would create an estate tail by implication shall give a life estate to the first taker and with remainder over in fee to his children and their descendants, as provided in Code Section 44-6-23, and, if none is living at the time of his death, with remainder over in fee to the beneficiaries intended by the maker of the instrument.    (Laws 1799, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 167; Laws 1821, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 169; Code 1863, § 2230; Code 1868, § 2224; Code 1873, § 2250; Code 1882, § 2250; Civil Code 1895, § 3085; Civil Code 1910, § 3661; Code 1933, § 85-505; Ga. L. 1984, p. 22, § 44.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Estates Tail in Georgia," see 13 Ga. B.J. 27 (1950). For article surveying real property law, see 34 Mercer L. Rev. 255 (1982). For comment on Brooks v. Williams, 227 Ga. 59, 178 S.E.2d 880 (1970), see 23 Mercer L. Rev. 399 (1972).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Conveyance of Absolute Fee   Implied Estates Tail    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 28 Am. Jur. 2d, Estates, §§ 48 et seq., 415 et seq. 80 Am. Jur. 2d, Wills, §§ 993, 1010.   C.J.S.   - 26A C.J.S., Deeds, §§ 247, 249, 263 et seq., 274 et seq. 31 C.J.S., Estates, § 24 et seq. 96 C.J.S., Wills, §§ 1258 et seq., 1270, 1310.   ALR.    - Fee simple conditional, 114 A.L.R. 602.    Restraint upon voluntary alienation of legal life estate, 160 A.L.R. 639.    Nature of estate created by grant or gift to one and his children, 161 A.L.R. 612.   Husband or wife as heir within provision of will or trust, 79 A.L.R.2d 1438.   Estate created by deed to one and his "blood heirs" or "blooded heirs,", 89 A.L.R.2d 1222.   Modern status of the Rule in Shelley's Case, 99 A.L.R.2d 1161.