reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Bus & Com Code § 12.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 12 - Virtual Currency|Section 12.001. Definition

Sec. 12.001.  DEFINITION.  In this chapter,  "virtual currency":(1)  means a digital representation of value that:(A)  is used as a medium of exchange, unit of account, or store of value; and (B)  is not legal tender, whether or not denominated in legal tender; and(2)  does not include:(A)  a transaction in which a merchant grants, as part of an affinity or rewards program, value that cannot be taken from or exchanged with the merchant for legal tender, bank credit, or virtual currency; or(B)  a digital representation of value issued by or on behalf of a publisher and used solely within an online game, game platform, or family of games sold by the same publisher or offered on the same game platform.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 739 (H.B. 4474), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 12.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 12 - Virtual Currency|Section 12.002. Scope

Sec. 12.002.  SCOPE.  This chapter applies to virtual currency.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 739 (H.B. 4474), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 12.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 12 - Virtual Currency|Section 12.003. Rights in Virtual Currency

Sec. 12.003.   RIGHTS IN VIRTUAL CURRENCY.  (a) In this section:(1)  "Adverse claim" means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a virtual currency and that it is a violation of the rights of the claimant for another person to hold, transfer, or deal with the virtual currency.(2)  "Qualifying purchaser" means a purchaser that obtains control of a virtual currency for value and without notice of any adverse claim.(b)  Subject to Subsections (c) through (h), law other than this chapter determines whether a person acquires rights in a virtual currency and the rights that the person acquires.(c)  A purchaser of a virtual currency acquires all rights in the virtual currency that the transferor had or had power to transfer.(d)  A purchaser of a limited interest in a virtual currency acquires rights only to the extent of the interest purchased.(e)  In addition to acquiring the rights of a purchaser, a qualifying purchaser acquires the purchaser's rights in a virtual currency free of any adverse claim.(f)  An action based on an adverse claim to a virtual currency, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a qualifying purchaser that acquires the purchaser's interest in, and obtains control of, the virtual currency for value and without notice of the adverse claim.(g)  A person has notice of an adverse claim if:(1)  the person knows of the adverse claim; or(2)  the person is aware of facts sufficient to indicate that there is a significant probability that the adverse claim exists and deliberately avoids information that would establish the existence of the adverse claim.(h)  Filing of a financing statement under Chapter 9 is not notice of an adverse claim to a virtual currency.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 739 (H.B. 4474), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 12.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 12 - Virtual Currency|Section 12.004. Control of Virtual Currency

Sec. 12.004.  CONTROL OF VIRTUAL CURRENCY.  (a) A person has control of a virtual currency if the following conditions are met:(1)  the virtual currency or the system in which the virtual currency is recorded, if any, gives the person:(A)  the power to derive substantially all the benefit from the virtual currency;(B)  subject to Subsection (b), the exclusive power to prevent others from deriving substantially all the benefit from the virtual currency; and(C)  subject to Subsection (b), the exclusive power to transfer control of the virtual currency to another person or cause another person to obtain control of a virtual currency that derives from the virtual currency; and(2)  the virtual currency, a record attached to or logically associated with the virtual currency, or the system in which the virtual currency is recorded, if any, enables the person to readily identify the person as having the powers specified in Subdivision (1).(b)  A power specified in Subsection (a)(1)(B) or (C) can be exclusive, even if:(1)  the virtual currency or the system in which the  virtual currency is recorded, if any, limits the use to which the virtual currency may be put or has protocols that are programmed to result in a transfer of control; and(2)  the person has agreed to share the power with another person.(c)  For the purposes of Subsection (a)(2), a person may be identified in any way, including by name, identifying number, cryptographic key, office, or account number.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 739 (H.B. 4474), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 21A.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 21A - Execution of Deeds in Certain Transactions Involving Residential Real Estate|Section 21A.001. Definition

Sec. 21A.001.  DEFINITION.  In this chapter, "residential real estate" means real property on which a dwelling designed for occupancy for one to four families is constructed or intended to be constructed.|Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1242 (S.B. 1320), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.Redesignated from Business and Commerce Code, Chapter 21 by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 161 (S.B. 1093), Sec. 22.001(1), eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 21A.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 21A - Execution of Deeds in Certain Transactions Involving Residential Real Estate|Section 21A.002. Prohibition of Execution of Deeds Conveying Residential Real Estate in Certain Transactions

Sec. 21A.002.  PROHIBITION OF EXECUTION OF DEEDS CONVEYING RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS.  (a)  A seller of residential real estate or a person who makes an extension of credit and takes a security interest or mortgage against residential real estate may not, before or at the time of the conveyance of the residential real estate to the purchaser or the extension of credit to the borrower, request or require the purchaser or borrower to execute and deliver to the seller or person making the extension of credit a deed conveying the residential real estate to the seller or person making the extension of credit.(b)  A deed executed in violation of this section is voidable unless a subsequent purchaser of the residential real estate, for valuable consideration, obtains an interest in the property after the deed was recorded without notice of the violation, including notice provided by actual possession of the property by the grantor of the deed.  The residential real estate continues to be subject to the security interest of a creditor who, without notice of the violation, granted an extension of credit to a borrower based on the deed executed in violation of this section.(c)  A purchaser or borrower must bring an action to void a deed executed in violation of this section not later than the fourth anniversary of the date the deed was recorded.(d)  A purchaser or borrower who is a prevailing party in an action to void a deed under this section may recover reasonable and necessary attorney's fees.|Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1242 (S.B. 1320), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.Redesignated from Business and Commerce Code, Chapter 21 by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 161 (S.B. 1093), Sec. 22.001(1), eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 21A.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 21A - Execution of Deeds in Certain Transactions Involving Residential Real Estate|Section 21A.003. Action by Attorney General

Sec. 21A.003.  ACTION BY ATTORNEY GENERAL.  (a)  The attorney general may bring an action on behalf of the state:(1)  for injunctive relief to require compliance with this chapter;(2)  to recover a civil penalty of $500 for each violation of this chapter; or(3)  for both injunctive relief and to recover the civil penalty.(b)  The attorney general is entitled to recover reasonable expenses incurred in obtaining injunctive relief or a civil penalty, or both, under this section, including court costs and reasonable attorney's fees.(c)  The court may make such additional orders or judgments as are necessary to return to the purchaser a deed conveying residential real estate that the court finds was acquired by means of any violation of this chapter.(d)  In bringing or participating in an action under this chapter, the attorney general acts in the name of the state and does not establish an attorney-client relationship with another person, including a person to whom the attorney general requests that the court award relief.(e)  An action by the attorney general must be brought not later than the fourth anniversary of the date the deed was recorded.|Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1242 (S.B. 1320), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.Redesignated from Business and Commerce Code, Chapter 21 by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 161 (S.B. 1093), Sec. 22.001(1), eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 22.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 22 - Public Sale of Residential Real Property Under Power of Sale|Section 22.001. Definitions

Sec. 22.001.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:(1)  "Auction company" has the meaning assigned by Section 1802.001, Occupations Code.(2)  "Residential real property" means:(A)  a single-family house;(B)  a duplex, triplex, or quadraplex; or(C)  a unit in a multiunit residential structure in which title to an individual unit is transferred to the owner of the unit under a condominium or cooperative system.(3)  "Security instrument," "substitute trustee," and "trustee" have the meanings assigned by Section 51.0001, Property Code.|Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1012 (H.B. 1470), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 22.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 22 - Public Sale of Residential Real Property Under Power of Sale|Section 22.002. Applicability

Sec. 22.002.  APPLICABILITY.  This chapter applies only to a public sale of residential real property conducted under a power of sale in a security instrument.|Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1012 (H.B. 1470), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 22.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 22 - Public Sale of Residential Real Property Under Power of Sale|Section 22.003. Contracts Concerning Sale

Sec. 22.003.  CONTRACTS CONCERNING SALE.  A trustee or substitute trustee conducting a sale to which this chapter applies may contract with:(1)  an attorney to advise the trustee or substitute trustee or to administer or perform any of the trustee's or substitute trustee's functions or responsibilities under a security instrument or this chapter; or(2)  an auction company to arrange, manage, sponsor, or advertise a public sale.|Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1012 (H.B. 1470), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 22.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 22 - Public Sale of Residential Real Property Under Power of Sale|Section 22.004. Information From Winning Bidder

Sec. 22.004.  INFORMATION FROM WINNING BIDDER.  (a)  A winning bidder at a sale, other than the foreclosing mortgagee or mortgage servicer, shall provide the following information to the trustee or substitute trustee at the time the trustee or substitute trustee completes the sale:(1)  the name, address, telephone number, and e-mail address of the bidder and of each individual tendering or who will tender the sale price for the winning bid;(2)  if the bidder is acting on behalf of another individual or organization, the name, address, telephone number, and e-mail address of the individual or organization and the name of a contact person for the organization;(3)  the name and address of any person to be identified as the grantee in a trustee's or substitute trustee's deed;(4)  the purchaser's tax identification number;(5)  a government-issued photo identification to confirm the identity of each individual tendering funds for the winning bid; and(6)  any other information reasonably needed to complete the trustee's or substitute trustee's duties and functions concerning the sale.(b)  If a winning bidder required to provide information under Subsection (a) fails or refuses to provide the information, the trustee or substitute trustee may decline to complete the transaction or deliver a deed.|Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1012 (H.B. 1470), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 22.005 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 22 - Public Sale of Residential Real Property Under Power of Sale|Section 22.005. Receipt and Deed

Sec. 22.005.  RECEIPT AND DEED.  The trustee or substitute trustee shall:(1)  provide the winning bidder with a receipt for the sale proceeds tendered; and(2)  except when prohibited by law, within a reasonable time:(A)  deliver the deed to the winning bidder; or(B)  file the deed for recording.|Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1012 (H.B. 1470), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 22.006 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices|Chapter 22 - Public Sale of Residential Real Property Under Power of Sale|Section 22.006. Sale Proceeds

Sec. 22.006.  SALE PROCEEDS.  (a)  The trustee or substitute trustee shall ensure that funds received at the sale are maintained in a separate account until distributed. The trustee or substitute trustee shall cause to be maintained a written record of deposits to and disbursements from the account.(b)  The trustee or substitute trustee shall make reasonable attempts to identify and locate the persons entitled to all or any part of the sale proceeds.(c)  In connection with the sale and related post-sale actions to identify persons with legal claims to sale proceeds, determine the priority of any claims, and distribute proceeds to pay claims, a trustee or substitute trustee may receive:(1)  reasonable actual costs incurred, including costs for evidence of title;(2)  a reasonable trustee's or substitute trustee's fee; and(3)  reasonable trustee's or substitute trustee's attorney's fees.(d)  A fee described by Subsection (c):(1)  is considered earned at the time of the sale;(2)  may be paid from sale proceeds in excess of the payoff of the lien being foreclosed; and(3)  is conclusively presumed to be reasonable if the fee:(A)  is not more than the lesser of 2.5 percent of the sale proceeds or $5,000, for a trustee's or substitute trustee's fee; or(B)  is not more than 1.5 percent of the sale proceeds, for trustee's or substitute trustee's attorney's fees incurred to identify persons with legal claims to sale proceeds and determine the priority of the claims.(e)  A trustee or substitute trustee who prevails in a suit based on a claim that relates to the sale and that is found by a court to be groundless in fact or in law is entitled to recover reasonable attorney's fees necessary to defend against the claim, which may be paid from the excess sale proceeds, if any.(f)  Nothing in this section precludes the filing of an interpleader action or the depositing of funds in a court registry.|Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1012 (H.B. 1470), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 24.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 3 - Insolvency, Fraudulent Transfers, and Fraud|Chapter 24 - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 24.001. Short Title

Sec. 24.001.  SHORT TITLE.  This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.|Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1004, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 24.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 3 - Insolvency, Fraudulent Transfers, and Fraud|Chapter 24 - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 24.003. Insolvency

Sec. 24.003.  INSOLVENCY.  (a)  A debtor is insolvent if the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than all of the debtor's assets at a fair valuation.(b)  A debtor who is generally not paying the debtor's debts as they become due is presumed to be insolvent.(c)  Repealed by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 9, Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2013.(d)  Assets under this section do not include property that has been transferred, concealed, or removed with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under this chapter.(e)  Debts under this section do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset.|Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1004, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987;  Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 570, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 9 (S.B. 847), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 24.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 3 - Insolvency, Fraudulent Transfers, and Fraud|Chapter 24 - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 24.004. Value

Sec. 24.004.  VALUE.  (a)  Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or another person.(b)  For the purposes of Sections 24.005(a)(2) and 24.006 of this code, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust, or security agreement.(c)  A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.(d)  "Reasonably equivalent value" includes without limitation, a transfer or obligation that is within the range of values for which the transferor would have sold the assets in an arm's length transaction.|Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1004, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987;  Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 570, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 24.005 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 3 - Insolvency, Fraudulent Transfers, and Fraud|Chapter 24 - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 24.005. Transfers Fraudulent as to Present and Future Creditors

Sec. 24.005.  TRANSFERS FRAUDULENT AS TO PRESENT AND FUTURE CREDITORS.  (a)  A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or within a reasonable time after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation:(1)  with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor;  or(2)  without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor:(A)  was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction;  or(B)  intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that the debtor would incur, debts beyond the debtor's ability to pay as they became due.(b)  In determining actual intent under Subsection (a)(1) of this section, consideration may be given, among other factors, to whether:(1)  the transfer or obligation was to an insider;(2)  the debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer;(3)  the transfer or obligation was concealed;(4)  before the transfer was made or obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit;(5)  the transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets;(6)  the debtor absconded;(7)  the debtor removed or concealed assets;(8)  the value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred;(9)  the debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred;(10)  the transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred;  and(11)  the debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lienor who transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.|Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1004, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987;  Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 570, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 24.006 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 3 - Insolvency, Fraudulent Transfers, and Fraud|Chapter 24 - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 24.006. Transfers Fraudulent as to Present Creditors

Sec. 24.006.  TRANSFERS FRAUDULENT AS TO PRESENT CREDITORS.  (a)  A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation.(b)  A transfer made by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time, and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.|Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1004, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.|