reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
WI Stat § 240.04 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 240 - Fraudulent conveyances and contracts relating to real estate.|240.04 - Such conveyances valid, when.

240.04  Such conveyances valid, when. Where a power to revoke a conveyance of any lands or the rents and profits thereof and to reconvey the same shall be given to any person other than the grantor in such conveyance, and such person shall thereafter convey the same lands, rents or profits to a purchaser for a valuable consideration, such subsequent conveyance shall be valid in the same manner and to the same extent as if the power of revocation were recited therein and the intent to revoke the former conveyance expressly declared.
WI Stat § 240.05 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 240 - Fraudulent conveyances and contracts relating to real estate.|240.05 - Same subject.

240.05  Same subject. If a conveyance to a purchaser, under either s. 240.03 or 240.04, shall be made before the person making the same shall be entitled to execute a power of revocation it shall nevertheless be valid from the time the power of revocation shall actually vest in such person in the same manner and to the same extent as if then made.History:  1991 a. 316.
WI Stat § 240.10 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 240 - Fraudulent conveyances and contracts relating to real estate.|240.10 - Real estate agency contracts.

240.10  Real estate agency contracts. (1) Every contract to pay a commission to a real estate agent or broker or to any other person for selling or buying real estate shall be void unless such contract or note or memorandum thereof describes that real estate; expresses the price for which the same may be sold or purchased, the commission to be paid and the period during which the agent or broker shall procure a buyer or seller; is in writing; and is subscribed by the person agreeing to pay such commission, except that a contract to pay a commission to a person for locating a type of property need not describe the property. (2) Every contract to pay a commission to any real estate agent or broker or to any person for leasing real estate for a term exceeding 3 years shall be void unless such contract, note or memorandum thereof describes that real estate; expresses the rent to be paid or a method to determine the same, the length of the lease, the commission to be paid, and the period during which said person shall procure a tenant; is in writing; and is subscribed by the person agreeing to pay such commission, except that a contract to pay a commission to a person for locating a type of property need not describe the property.History:  1991 a. 163.If a defective commission agreement signed by a principal clearly refers to a certain transaction in which a binding lease or sales contract has previously been made, it does not defeat the purpose of sub. (1) to allow the integration of that document into the commission agreement, even though there is not a specific reference to the document itself; however, if the reference to the transaction is not clear and certain, then integration should not be allowed, even in the case of a previously existing lease or sales contract. Buckman v. E. H. Schaefer & Associates, Inc. 50 Wis. 2d 755, 185 N.W.2d 328 (1971).If an otherwise sufficient written memorandum is executed after the broker has performed his or her services, the fact that it specifically states that all services have been completed and is signed by the principal should be deemed substantial compliance with the requirement that a time period be stated. Buckman v. E. H. Schaefer & Associates, Inc. 50 Wis. 2d 755, 185 N.W.2d 328 (1971).A valid real estate contract existed, notwithstanding the absence of a co-owner's signature. Winston v. Minkin, 63 Wis. 2d 46, 216 N.W.2d 38.This section was not applicable in a broker's suit for a commission for negotiating a lease when oral authorization allegedly given to the broker was communicated to the broker in Wisconsin but the place of performance of the alleged contract was Tennessee. Paulson v. Shapiro, 490 F.2d 1 (1973).This section barred an action in quantum meruit for services related to the sale of real estate. Farnsworth, McKoane & Co. v. North Shore Savings & Loan Association, 504 F. Supp. 673 (1981).
WI Stat § 241.025 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.025 - Contracts for employment.

241.025  Contracts for employment. Any person who shall represent, as an inducement to the sale of any course of study, that that person or the school offering such course will, upon the purchaser's completion of such course, place such purchaser in employment unless there is a written contract between such school and an employer whereby the latter is bound to furnish such employment as represented, is guilty of a misdemeanor. Such purchaser shall be entitled, if such representation is made and no such contract exists, to have the purchase price, tuition, fee or other consideration paid for the course refunded and may recover the same in an action of debt.History:  1991 a. 316.
WI Stat § 241.03 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.03 - Croppers' contracts; filing, security interest.

241.03  Croppers' contracts; filing, security interest. (1) No landowner-cropper contract is valid, except between the parties to the contract, unless the contract, subscribed by the parties, describing the premises and containing the entire agreement between the parties, or a copy of the contract, has been filed with the register of deeds of the county where the premises are located. The register of deeds shall file, endorse, enter and index croppers' contracts filed with the register of deeds in substantially the same manner as provided for financing statements covering security interests in fixtures. (2) In case such cropper contract is not filed then, except between the parties thereto, the cropper shall be conclusively presumed to have title and possession to an undivided one-half interest in all crops covered by such contract and the relationship between the landowner and cropper to be that of landlord and tenant. (3) Such cropper contract is not subject to ch. 409 unless the contract expressly creates a security interest.History:  1991 a. 316; 1993 a. 301; 1997 a. 254.
WI Stat § 241.05 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.05 - Presumption if possession not changed.

241.05  Presumption if possession not changed. (1) In this section, “creditors" includes all creditors of the vendor or assignor at any time while the goods and chattels described in sub. (2) remain in the vendor's or assignor's possession or control. (2) Every sale made by a vendor, of goods and chattels in the vendor's possession or control, and every assignment of goods and chattels, unless the same be accompanied by an immediate delivery and followed by an actual and continued change of possession of the things sold or assigned, shall be presumed to be fraudulent and void as against the creditors of the vendor or the creditors of the person making such assignment or subsequent purchasers in good faith; and shall be conclusive evidence of fraud unless it shall be made to appear on the part of the persons claiming under such sale or assignment that the same was made in good faith and without any intent to defraud such creditors or purchasers. (3) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to apply to contracts of bottomry or respondentia, nor to assignments or hypothecations of vessels or goods at sea or in foreign ports, or without this state; provided, the assignee or mortgagee shall take possession of such ship, vessels, or goods as soon as may be after the arrival thereof within this state.History:  1991 a. 316; 2015 a. 196 ss. 101 to 103.
WI Stat § 241.09 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.09 - Assignment of wages.

241.09  Assignment of wages. No assignment of the salary or wages of any married person is valid for any purpose unless the assignment is in writing signed by the person's spouse, if the spouse at the time is a member of the family, and unless the spouse's signature is witnessed by 2 disinterested witnesses. No assignment of the salary or wages of any person is valid as to any such salary or wages accruing more than 6 months after the date of the making of the assignment, except that any assignment of wages made in connection with a proceeding under s. 128.21 shall run concurrently with the period during which the amortization proceedings are in effect and shall become void upon the dismissal of the proceedings. Nothing in this section shall apply to assignments made under s. 109.09 or ch. 767, nor to any authorization from an employee to an employer directing deductions from wages to accrue in the future for union or employee club dues, insurance or annuities, war bond purchases, a revocable and voluntary deduction to a credit union or a state chartered financial institution operated primarily for the benefit of the employees of any particular employer or other financial institution under s. 705.01 (3), for contributions to the American Red Cross, a community fund or other similar charity, or any indebtedness to the employer. No assignment of salary or wages or voluntary deduction which is permitted under this section shall be valid if prohibited by s. 422.404.History:  1971 c. 228 s. 44; 1971 c. 239, 307; 1973 c. 255; 1975 c. 12, 199; 1975 c. 380 s. 5; 1979 c. 352.Cross-reference:  See s. 422.404 (2) for a provision as to renewal of earnings assignment in consumer credit transactions.Insurance renewal commissions are “wages" under this section. Central National Bank of Wausau v. Dustin, 107 Wis. 2d 614, 321 N.W.2d 321 (Ct. App. 1982).
WI Stat § 241.24 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.24 - Board of trade contracts.

241.24  Board of trade contracts. No contract for the future purchase, sale, transfer or delivery of personal property through a board of trade or organized commodity exchange is void when either party thereto intends, in good faith, to perform the same; and an intention on the part of either not to perform any such contract does not invalidate it if the other party in good faith intends to perform the same. No such contract is void because the vendor was not, at the time it was made, the owner of the property contracted to be sold; and in any action by either party for the enforcement of its terms or to recover damages for a breach thereof it is incompetent to show in defense, by any extrinsic evidence, that such contract had any other intent or meaning than it expresses; and it and all collateral contracts, agreements or securities growing out of it or of which they may have formed the consideration in whole or in part are legal and valid. Nothing herein shall be construed to exclude evidence of fraud in the procuring of any such contract as is first mentioned herein, or of any collateral contract, agreement or security growing out of it, or that any such contract was not entered into upon sufficient consideration, or is not supported thereby, or that both parties intended to make a wagering contract.
WI Stat § 241.25 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.25 - Transfer of bank book to be in writing.

241.25  Transfer of bank book to be in writing. No gift, sale, assignment or transfer of any saving fund bank book bearing evidence of bank deposits or of any interest in the deposits represented thereby, shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing and the same or a copy thereof delivered to the bank issuing such bank deposit book.
WI Stat § 241.27 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.27 - Contracts requiring warning.

241.27  Contracts requiring warning. Every proposed contract for the benefit of any person, firm or corporation furnishing or supplying in any wise whatever, goods, wares or merchandise to hawkers or peddlers and which by its terms upon execution thereof would bind any person to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such hawker or peddler, in lawfully or unlawfully disposing of such goods, wares or merchandise or the proceeds thereof, or which would bind any person to guarantee or answer for any debt or liability incurred by such hawker or peddler in acquiring any title to or interest in the goods, wares or merchandise to be disposed of by such hawker or peddler or in acquiring any title to or interest in any equipment intended to be used in conducting the business of such hawker or peddler, shall have plainly printed upon it, in red ink, in type not smaller than 10 point boldface type, at the time of its execution and directly above the place for the signature of the person who would, by signing such contract, become obligated to so answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such peddler or hawker, the following statement: “Warning — this may obligate you to pay money". Every such contract not containing such statement shall be unlawful and in any action brought upon any such contract in any court of this state, such contract shall be construed in accordance with the laws of this state. The provisions of this section, however, shall not apply to any such contract where the same contains a provision expressly limiting the amount of the liability of each person obligated to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such peddler or hawker.
WI Stat § 241.28 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 241 - Fraudulent contracts.|241.28 - Unsolicited goods.

241.28  Unsolicited goods. If unsolicited goods or merchandise of any kind are either addressed to or intended for the recipient, the goods or merchandise shall, unless otherwise agreed, be deemed a gift to the recipient who may use them or dispose of them in any manner without any obligation to the sender.
WI Stat § 242.02 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 242 - Uniform fraudulent transfer act.|242.02 - Insolvency.

242.02  Insolvency. (1) In this section:(a) “Assets" do not include property that has been transferred, concealed or removed with intent to hinder, delay or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under this chapter.(b) “Debts" do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset. (2) A debtor is insolvent if the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than all of the debtor's assets at a fair valuation. (3) A debtor who is generally not paying debts as they become due is presumed to be insolvent. (4) A partnership is insolvent under sub. (2) if the sum of the partnership's debts is greater than the aggregate, at a fair valuation, of all of the partnership's assets and the sum of the excess of the value of each general partner's nonpartnership assets over the partner's nonpartnership debts.History:  1987 a. 192.
WI Stat § 242.03 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 242 - Uniform fraudulent transfer act.|242.03 - Value.

242.03  Value. (1) Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or another person. (2) For the purposes of ss. 242.04 (1) (b) and 242.05, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust or security agreement. (3) A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.History:  1987 a. 192.
WI Stat § 242.04 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 242 - Uniform fraudulent transfer act.|242.04 - Transfers fraudulent as to present and future creditors.

242.04  Transfers fraudulent as to present and future creditors. (1) A transfer made or obligations incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation:(a) With actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud any creditor of the debtor; or(b) Without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor:1. Was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction; or2. Intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that the debtor would incur, debts beyond the debtor's ability to pay as they became due. (2) In determining actual intent under sub. (1) (a), consideration may be given, among other factors, to whether:(a) The transfer or obligation was to an insider;(b) The debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer;(c) The transfer or the obligation was disclosed or concealed;(d) Before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit;(e) The transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets;(f) The debtor absconded;(g) The debtor removed or concealed assets;(h) The value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred;(i) The debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred;(j) The transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred; and(k) The debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lienor who transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.History:  1987 a. 192.Federal law does not preclude a labor union from bringing a state action for an alleged fraudulent conveyance by an employer when the claim does not require substantial interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement. International Machinist Association v. United States Can Co., 150 Wis. 2d 479, 441 N.W.2d 710 (1989).The Wisconsin Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act exists independently from the common law history of the law of fraudulent conveyances and fulfills a purpose quite separate from that of the fraudulent transaction exception to the rule of successor non-liability. Whereas the Act is designed to assist creditors in collecting on claims that may be frustrated by recent asset transfers, the fraudulent transaction exception is a doctrine that prevents successor companies from avoiding obligations incurred by their predecessors. This chapter has not supplanted the common law fraudulent transaction exception to the rule of successor non-liability. Springer v. Nohl Electric Products Corporation, 2018 WI 48, 381 Wis. 2d 438, 912 N.W.2d 1, 15-0829.
WI Stat § 242.05 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 242 - Uniform fraudulent transfer act.|242.05 - Transfers fraudulent as to present creditors.

242.05  Transfers fraudulent as to present creditors. (1) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation. (2) A transfer made by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.History:  1987 a. 192.Unlike other provisions of the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act governing transfers made with fraudulent intent, this section deems certain transactions constructively fraudulent based on the circumstances of the transfer. Proving fraudulent intent is not necessary under this section. Beck v. BidRX, LLC, 2018 WI App 61, 384 Wis. 2d 207, 918 N.W.2d 96, 17-2043.Sub. (2) addresses “preferential transfers," a novel category of fraudulent transaction based on bankruptcy principles that attacks a transfer by an insolvent debtor to pay an antecedent debt to a preferred insider. The provision is aimed at diminishing the sometimes unfair advantages insiders possess when they are familiar with the debtor's financial status. A person attacking a transfer under sub. (2) must show that the debtor is improperly preferring insider creditors over others. Beck v. BidRX, LLC, 2018 WI App 61, 384 Wis. 2d 207, 918 N.W.2d 96, 17-2043.The evidence in this case was insufficient to prove a fraudulent transfer under sub. (2) because no evidence was introduced showing that the allegedly fraudulent transfers were made to satisfy an antecedent debt. The fact of a transfer to an insider is not enough; it is the preferential payment of prior debts to insiders to which sub. (2) is addressed. Beck v. BidRX, LLC, 2018 WI App 61, 384 Wis. 2d 207, 918 N.W.2d 96, 17-2043.Intent to defraud need not be proved under this section. DeWitt, Porter v. Kovalic, 991 F.2d 1243 (1993).
WI Stat § 242.06 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 242 - Uniform fraudulent transfer act.|242.06 - When transfer is made or obligation is incurred.

242.06  When transfer is made or obligation is incurred. For the purposes of this chapter: (1) A transfer is made:(a) With respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee.(b) With respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien other than under this chapter that is superior to the interest of the transferee. (2) If applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in sub. (1) and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under this chapter, the transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action. (3) If applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in sub. (1), the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee. (4) A transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred. (5) An obligation is incurred:(a) If oral, when it becomes effective between the parties.(b) If evidenced by a writing, when the writing executed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.History:  1987 a. 192.Sub. (1) requires viewing a transfer exclusively from the perspective of the creditor and not a transferee. What the transferees may have believed regarding with whom they were dealing is irrelevant under sub. (1). The good-faith defense under s. 242.08 (1) applies only to claims made under s. 242.04 (1) (a), not to claims under this section. Badger State Bank v. Taylor, 2004 WI 128, 276 Wis. 2d 312, 688 N.W.2d 439, 03-0750.