reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
12 V.S.A. § 401
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 21 - Place of Trial|§ 401. Supreme Court

§ 401. Supreme Court|Actions in the Supreme Court shall be brought before one of the stated terms thereof at the place designated by law for holding the same.
12 V.S.A. § 402
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 21 - Place of Trial|§ 402. Superior Court actions, venue generally

§ 402. Superior Court actions, venue generally|(a) An action before a Superior Court shall be brought in the unit in which one of the parties resides, if either resides in the State; otherwise, on motion, the complaint shall be dismissed. If neither party resides in the State, the action may be brought in any unit. Actions concerning real estate shall be brought in the unit in which the lands, or some part thereof, lie.(b) An action brought by a domestic railroad corporation to the Superior Court may be brought either in the unit in which the corporation has its principal office for the transaction of business, or in the unit in which a defendant resides. An action or suit brought to the Superior Court, in which the corporation is defendant, may be brought in any unit in which a road owned or operated by the corporation is located. (Amended 1971, No. 185 (Adj. Sess.), § 31, eff. March 29, 1972; 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974; 2009, No. 154 (Adj. Sess.), § 67.)
12 V.S.A. § 403
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 21 - Place of Trial|§ 403. Patent rights

§ 403. Patent rights|An action to recover a debt or demand, arising from the sale of or license to use a patent right, whether such demand is in the form of a promissory note or otherwise, shall be brought and tried in the unit where the defendant resides or where such patent right was sold when such note or obligation purports to be given for a patent right, unless otherwise provided by law. (Amended 2009, No. 154 (Adj. Sess.), § 67a.)
12 V.S.A. § 404
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 21 - Place of Trial|§ 404. Removal to another unit

§ 404. Removal to another unit|(a) When it appears to a presiding judge of a Superior Court that there is reason to believe that a civil action pending in such court cannot be impartially tried in the unit where it is pending, on petition of either party, such judge shall order the cause removed to the Superior Court in another unit for trial.(b) Attachments, recognizances, bonds, and orders in such cause, made before such removal, shall have the same validity as if the cause had continued in the court to which it was originally brought. (Amended 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974; 2009, No. 154 (Adj. Sess.), § 68.)
12 V.S.A. § 405
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 21 - Place of Trial|§ 405. District Court

§ 405. District Court|Writs in the District Court shall be returnable as ordered by the Supreme Court either at the principal office or the circuit office of the District Court in the territorial unit where one of the parties resides, if either party is an inhabitant in the State, or where the cause of action arose. The place of trial in the District Court shall be within the territorial unit to which the writ is returnable and as near as possible to the town where one of the parties resides, giving preference to the plaintiff. If default occurs, judgment may be rendered at the place where the writ is returnable. (Amended 1967, No. 194, § 14, eff. March 1, 1968; 1967, No. 347 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. March 23, 1968; 1973, No. 249 (Adj. Sess.), § 14, eff. April 9, 1974.)
12 V.S.A. § 461
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 461. Actions by State

§ 461. Actions by State|The limitations prescribed in this chapter for the commencement of actions shall apply to the same actions when brought in the name of the State, or otherwise, for the benefit of the State, as in actions brought by citizens.
12 V.S.A. § 462
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 462. Lands for a public, pious, or charitable use

§ 462. Lands for a public, pious, or charitable use|Nothing contained in this chapter shall extend to lands given, granted, sequestered, or appropriated to a public, pious, or charitable use, or to lands belonging to the State.
12 V.S.A. § 463
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 463. Counterclaims and cross-claims

§ 463. Counterclaims and cross-claims|A cross-claim or counterclaim shall not be brought if an independent action upon the same claim would have been barred under the provisions of this chapter at the time of commencement of the plaintiff's action, except that a counterclaim arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of plaintiff's claim shall be allowed, to the extent of plaintiff's demand, at any time. (Amended 1971, No. 185 (Adj. Sess.), § 32, eff. March 29, 1972.)
12 V.S.A. § 464
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 464. Actions specially limited by other provisions

§ 464. Actions specially limited by other provisions|The provisions of this chapter shall not affect an action otherwise specially limited by law.
12 V.S.A. § 465
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 465. Limitations or waiving limitation of actions in contracts

§ 465. Limitations or waiving limitation of actions in contracts|Except as otherwise provided by statute, any provision in a contract which limits the time in which an action may be brought under the contract or which waives the statute of limitations shall be null and void. (1961, No. 187.)
12 V.S.A. § 466
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 466. When action deemed commenced

§ 466. When action deemed commenced|For the purpose of determining whether a period of limitation prescribed in this chapter has run, an action shall be deemed commenced upon the filing of the complaint with the clerk of the court in which the action is being brought if the action is commenced by filing or upon service of the summons and complaint if the action is commenced by service. (Added 1971, No. 185 (Adj. Sess.), § 233, eff. March 29, 1972.)
12 V.S.A. § 501
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 501. Recovery of lands

§ 501. Recovery of lands|Except as otherwise provided in 32 V.S.A. § 5263, an action for the recovery of lands, or the possession thereof, shall not be maintained, unless commenced within 15 years after the cause of action first accrues to the plaintiff or those under whom he or she claims. (Amended, 1959, No. 218, § 6.)
12 V.S.A. § 502
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 502. Entry into houses or lands

§ 502. Entry into houses or lands|A person having right or title of entry into houses or lands shall not enter after 15 years from the time such right of entry accrues.
12 V.S.A. § 503
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 503. Covenant of seisin

§ 503. Covenant of seisin|Actions brought on a covenant of seisin in a deed of conveyance of land shall be brought within 15 years after the cause of actions accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 504
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 504. Covenant of warranty

§ 504. Covenant of warranty|An action founded on covenant of warranty in a deed of land shall be brought only within eight years after a final decision against the title of the covenantor in such deed.
12 V.S.A. § 505
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 505. Covenants other than warranty or seisin

§ 505. Covenants other than warranty or seisin|An action founded on covenant, contained in a deed of lands, other than the covenants of warranty and seisin, shall be brought within eight years after the cause of action accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 506
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 506. Judgments

§ 506. Judgments|Actions on judgments and actions for the renewal or revival of judgments shall be brought by filing a new and independent action on the judgment within eight years after the rendition of the judgment, and not after. (Amended 1971, No. 185 (Adj. Sess.), § 33, eff. March 29, 1972; 2009, No. 132 (Adj. Sess.), § 8, eff. May 29, 2010.)
12 V.S.A. § 507
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 507. Specialties

§ 507. Specialties|Actions on specialties shall be brought within eight years after the cause of action accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 508
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 508. Witnessed promissory note

§ 508. Witnessed promissory note|An action brought on a promissory note signed in the presence of an attesting witness shall be commenced within 14 years after the cause of action accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 509
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 509. Evidence of debt issued by a monied corporation

§ 509. Evidence of debt issued by a monied corporation|The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to an action brought to enforce payment on any bills, notes, or other evidences of debt issued by a bank or other monied corporation and put into circulation as money.
12 V.S.A. § 510
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 510. Liability of stockholders and of foreign corporations

§ 510. Liability of stockholders and of foreign corporations|An action to enforce the liability of stockholders to the creditors or for the indebtedness of foreign corporations shall be brought within the time limited by the laws of the state under which they are incorporated, and not after. This section shall not be construed so as to extend the time under which such actions may be maintained under the laws of this State.
12 V.S.A. § 511
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 511. Civil action

§ 511. Civil action|A civil action, except one brought upon the judgment or decree of a court of record of the United States or of this or some other state, and except as otherwise provided, shall be commenced within six years after the cause of action accrues and not thereafter. (Amended 1959, No. 261, § 3.)
12 V.S.A. § 512
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 512. Assault and battery; false imprisonment; slander and libel; injuries to person or property

§ 512. Assault and battery; false imprisonment; slander and libel; injuries to person or property|Actions for the following causes shall be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues, and not after:  (1) assault and battery; (2) false imprisonment; (3) slander and libel; (4) except as otherwise provided in this chapter, injuries to the person suffered by the act or default of another person, provided that the cause of action shall be deemed to accrue as of the date of the discovery of the injury; (5) damage to personal property suffered by the act or default of another. (Amended 1967, No. 32, § 2, eff. March 16, 1967; 1975, No. 248 (Adj. Sess.), § 2.)
12 V.S.A. § 513
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 513. Skiing, injuries sustained while participating in sport of

§ 513. Skiing, injuries sustained while participating in sport of|An action to recover for injuries sustained while participating in the sport of skiing shall be commenced within one year after the cause of action accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 514
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 514. Insufficiency of bridge

§ 514. Insufficiency of bridge|An action against a town for the recovery of damages caused by the insufficiency or want of repair of a bridge or culvert shall be commenced within two years after the cause of action accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 515
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 515. Neglect of official duty of town clerk

§ 515. Neglect of official duty of town clerk|An action against a town, or town clerk, to recover damages for neglect of duty of such clerk in relation to a deed, execution, or other instrument delivered to him or her or left at his or her office for record, shall be brought only within six years after a final decision based upon such neglect and adverse to the right, title, or claim of the party under such deed, execution, or instrument, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 516
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 516. Misfeasance of sheriff or deputy

§ 516. Misfeasance of sheriff or deputy|Actions against sheriffs for the misconduct or negligence of their deputies shall be commenced within four years after the cause of action accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 517
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 517. Taxes paid under protest

§ 517. Taxes paid under protest|An action to recover money paid under protest for taxes shall be commenced within one year after the cause of action accrues, and not after.
12 V.S.A. § 518
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 518. Ionizing radiation injury; latent

§ 518. Ionizing radiation injury; latent|(a) An action to recover for ionizing radiation injury or injury from other noxious agents medically recognized as having a prolonged latent development shall be commenced within three years after the person suffering the injury has knowledge or ought reasonably to have knowledge of having suffered the injury and of the cause thereof, but in no event more than 20 years from the date of the last occurrence to which the injury is attributed.(b) An action or proceeding to recover for latent ionizing radiation injury, or injury from other noxious agents medically recognized as having a prolonged latent development shall not be barred by recovery in any earlier action or proceeding, unless the plaintiff in the earlier action or proceeding was actually awarded damages for the latent injury, or knew or reasonably could be expected to know that such latent injury would occur, and its nature and extent with sufficient particularity to establish entitlement to a specific amount of damages on account thereof. (Added 1967, No. 32, § 1, eff. March 16, 1967.)
12 V.S.A. § 519
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 519. Emergency medical care

§ 519. Emergency medical care|(a) A person who knows that another is exposed to grave physical harm shall, to the extent that the same can be rendered without danger or peril to himself or herself or without interference with important duties owed to others, give reasonable assistance to the exposed person unless that assistance or care is being provided by others.(b) A person who provides reasonable assistance in compliance with subsection (a) of this section shall not be liable in civil damages unless his or her acts constitute gross negligence or unless he or she will receive or expects to receive remuneration. Nothing contained in this subsection shall alter existing law with respect to tort liability of a practitioner of the healing arts for acts committed in the ordinary course of his or her practice.(c) A person who willfully violates subsection (a) of this section shall be fined not more than $100.00. (1967, No. 309 (Adj. Sess.), §§ 2-4, eff. March 22, 1968.)
12 V.S.A. § 520
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 520. Payment of wages

§ 520. Payment of wages|Actions brought on a violation of 21 V.S.A. § 342 shall be brought within two years after the cause of action accrues, and not after. (Added 1977, No. 244 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. May 1, 1978.)
12 V.S.A. § 521
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 521. Medical malpractice

§ 521. Medical malpractice|Notwithstanding section 512 of this title, and except as provided in sections 518 and 551 of this title, actions to recover damages for injuries to the person arising out of any medical or surgical treatment or operation shall be brought within three years of the date of the incident or two years from the date the injury is or reasonably should have been discovered, whichever occurs later, but not later than seven years from the date of the incident. No statute of limitations shall limit the right to recover damages for injuries to the person arising out of any medical or surgical treatment or operation where fraudulent concealment has prevented the patient's discovery of the negligence. Where the action is based upon the discovery of a foreign object in the patient's body, which is not discovered within the period of limitation under this section, the action may be commenced within two years of the date of the discovery of the foreign object. (Added 1977, No. 248 (Adj. Sess.).)
12 V.S.A. § 522
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 522. Actions based on childhood sexual or physical abuse

§ 522. Actions based on childhood sexual or physical abuse|(a) A civil action brought by any person for recovery of damages for injury suffered as a result of childhood sexual or physical abuse may be commenced at any time after the act alleged to have caused the injury or condition. The victim need not establish which act in a series of continuing physical abuse or sexual abuse or exploitation incidents caused the injury.(b) If a complaint is filed alleging an act of childhood sexual or physical abuse, the complaint shall immediately be sealed by the clerk of the court. The complaint shall remain sealed until the answer is served or, if the defendant files a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b) of the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure, until the court rules on that motion. If the complaint is dismissed, the complaint and any related papers or pleadings shall remain sealed. Any hearing held in connection with the motion to dismiss shall be in camera.(c) As used in this section:  (1) "Childhood sexual abuse" means any act committed by the defendant against a complainant who was under 18 years of age at the time of the act and which act would have constituted a violation of a statute prohibiting lewd and lascivious conduct, lewd or lascivious conduct with a child, felony sexual exploitation of a minor in violation of 13 V.S.A. § 3258(c), sexual assault, or aggravated sexual assault in effect at the time the act was committed. (2) "Childhood physical abuse" means any act other than an attempt committed by the defendant against a complainant who was under 18 years of age at the time of the act and which act would have constituted a violation of a statute prohibiting aggravated assault in effect at the time the act was committed.   (d) Notwithstanding 1 V.S.A. § 214, this section shall apply retroactively to childhood sexual abuse that occurred prior to July 1, 2019, irrespective of any statute of limitations in effect at the time the abuse occurred. In an action based on childhood sexual abuse that would have been barred by any statute of limitations in effect on June 30, 2019, damages may be awarded against an entity that employed, supervised, or had responsibility for the person allegedly committing the sexual abuse only if there is a finding of gross negligence on the part of the entity.(e) Notwithstanding 1 V.S.A. § 214, this section shall apply retroactively to childhood physical abuse that occurred prior to July 1, 2021, irrespective of any statute of limitations in effect at the time the abuse occurred. In an action based on childhood physical abuse that would have been barred by any statute of limitations in effect on June 30, 2021, damages may be awarded against an entity that employed, supervised, or had responsibility for the person allegedly committing the physical abuse only if there is a finding of gross negligence on the part of the entity. (Added 1989, No. 292 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; amended 2019, No. 37, § 1; 2021, No. 26, § 1.)
12 V.S.A. § 523
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 523. Trade secrets

§ 523. Trade secrets|An action for misappropriation of trade secrets under 9 V.S.A. chapter 143 shall be commenced within six years after the cause of action accrues, and not after. The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue as of the date the misappropriation was discovered or reasonably should have been discovered. (Added 1995, No. 90 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; amended 2013, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 16.)
12 V.S.A. § 524
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 524. Actions based on residential building energy standards

§ 524. Actions based on residential building energy standards|(a) Except in the case of fraud, an action under 30 V.S.A. § 51(g) shall be commenced within six years after the cause of action accrues, and not after.(b) The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue as of the date of the recording of a copy of the certificate in the town land records, the date of filing with the Department of Public Service, or the date of occupancy, whichever comes first.(c) This section shall apply only to actions under 30 V.S.A. § 51(g), and shall not be construed to affect other rights and remedies provided by statute or common law. (Added 1997, No. 20, § 3.)
12 V.S.A. § 551
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 23 - Limitation of Time for Commencement of Actions|§ 551. Minority, incapacity, or imprisonment

§ 551. Minority, incapacity, or imprisonment|(a) When a person entitled to bring an action specified in this chapter is a minor, lacks capacity to protect his or her interests due to a mental condition or psychiatric disability, or is imprisoned at the time the cause of action accrues, such person may bring such action within the times in this chapter respectively limited, after the disability is removed.(b) If a person entitled to bring an action specified in this chapter becomes unable to protect his or her interests due to a mental condition or psychiatric disability after the cause of action accrues but before the statute has run, the time during which the person is unable to protect his or her interests due to a mental condition or psychiatric disability shall not be taken as a part of the time limited for the commencement of the action. (Amended 1979, No. 112 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. date, see note set out below; 2013, No. 96 (Adj. Sess.), § 45.)