reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-571h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571h - Action for damages resulting from identity theft.

 (a) Any person aggrieved by an act constituting a violation of section 53a-129a of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2003, or section 53a-129b, 53a-129c, 53a-129d or 53a-129e may bring a civil action in the Superior Court for damages against the person who committed the violation.(b) In any civil action brought under this section in which the plaintiff prevails, the court shall award the greater of one thousand dollars or treble damages, together with costs and a reasonable attorney's fee. Damages shall include, but need not be limited to, documented lost wages and any financial loss suffered by the plaintiff as a result of identity theft, as defined in section 53a-129a, 53a-129b, or 53a-129c. The court may award other remedies provided by law, including, but not limited to, the costs of providing not less than two years of commercially available identity theft monitoring and protection for such individual.(c) No action under this section shall be brought but within three years from the date when the violation is discovered or in the exercise of reasonable care should have been discovered.(P.A. 00-46; P.A. 03-156, S. 11; P.A. 09-239, S. 7.)History: P.A. 03-156 amended Subsec. (a) to replace “a violation of section 53a-129a” with “a violation of section 53a-129a of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2003, or section 53a-129b, 53a-129c or 53a-129d” and added new Subsec. (c) barring an action unless brought within two years from the date when the violation is discovered or in the exercise of reasonable care should have been discovered; P.A. 09-239 amended Subsec. (a) by adding reference to Sec. 53a-129e, amended Subsec. (b) by specifying that damages shall include documented lost wages and financial loss suffered by plaintiff as result of identity theft and by giving court discretion to award other remedies provided by law, and amended Subsec. (c) to require action to be brought within 3 years, rather than 2 years.
CT Gen Stat § 52-571i (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571i - Action for damages resulting from trafficking in persons.

 Any person aggrieved by a violation of section 53a-192a may bring a civil action in the superior court for the judicial district where such person resides or the judicial district of Hartford against the person or persons who committed such violation to recover actual damages, statutory damages of not more than one thousand dollars for each day such person was coerced by another person in violation of section 53a-192a and a reasonable attorney's fee.(P.A. 06-43, S. 4.)History: P.A. 06-43 effective July 1, 2006.
CT Gen Stat § 52-571j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571j - Action for interference with a person taking still or video images of police officer in the performance of duty.

 (a) For the purposes of this section, “peace officer” has the same meaning as provided in section 53a-3, except “peace officer” does not include a special agent of the federal government or a member of a law enforcement unit of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe or the Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut.(b) An employer of a peace officer who interferes with any person taking a photographic or digital still or video image of such peace officer or another peace officer acting in the performance of such peace officer's duties shall be liable to such person in an action at law, suit in equity or other proper proceeding for redress.(c) An employer of a peace officer shall not be liable under subsection (b) of this section if the peace officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the peace officer was interfering with the taking of such image in order to (1) lawfully enforce a criminal law of this state or a municipal ordinance, (2) protect the public safety, (3) preserve the integrity of a crime scene or criminal investigation, (4) safeguard the privacy interests of any person, including a victim of a crime, or (5) lawfully enforce court rules and policies of the Judicial Branch with respect to taking a photograph, videotaping or otherwise recording an image in facilities of the Judicial Branch.(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-4, S. 9.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-571k (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571k - (Note: This section is effective July 1, 2021.) Action for equitable relief or damages resulting from deprivation of equal protection of the laws of the state committed by a police officer.

 (a) As used in this section:(1) “Law enforcement unit” has the same meaning as provided in section 7-294a; and(2) “Police officer” has the same meaning as provided in section 7-294a.(b) No police officer, acting alone or in conspiracy with another, shall deprive any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws of this state, or of the equal privileges and immunities under the laws of this state, including, without limitation, the protections, privileges and immunities guaranteed under article first of the Constitution of the state.(c) Any person aggrieved by a violation of subsection (b) of this section may bring a civil action for equitable relief or damages in the Superior Court. A civil action brought for damages shall be triable by jury.(d) In any civil action brought under this section, governmental immunity shall only be a defense to a claim for damages when, at the time of the conduct complained of, the police officer had an objectively good faith belief that such officer's conduct did not violate the law. There shall be no interlocutory appeal of a trial court's denial of the application of the defense of governmental immunity. Governmental immunity shall not be a defense in a civil action brought solely for equitable relief.(e) In an action under this section, each municipality or law enforcement unit shall protect and save harmless any such police officer from financial loss and expense, including legal fees and costs, if any, arising out of any claim, demand or suit instituted against such officer by reason of any act undertaken by such officer while acting in the discharge of the officer's duties. In the event such officer has a judgment entered against him or her for a malicious, wanton or wilful act in a court of law, such municipality shall be reimbursed by such officer for expenses it incurred in providing such defense and shall not be held liable to such officer for any financial loss or expense resulting from such act.(f) In any civil action brought under this section, if the court finds that a violation of subsection (b) of this section was deliberate, wilful or committed with reckless indifference, the plaintiff may be awarded costs and reasonable attorney's fees.(g) A civil action brought pursuant to this section shall be commenced not later than one year after the date on which the cause of action accrues. Any notice of claim provision set forth in the general statutes, including, but not limited to, the provisions of subsection (d) of section 7-101a and subsection (a) of section 7-465 shall not apply to an action brought under this section.(July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1, S. 41.)History: July Sp. Sess. P.A. 20-1 effective July 1, 2021, and applicable to any cause of action arising from an incident committed on or after July 1, 2021.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572a - Release by injured person voidable if obtained within fifteen days.

 (a) No person, firm or corporation whose interest is adverse to that of a person receiving personal injuries as a result of a tortious act may negotiate any contract, written or oral, or any settlement to release such person, firm or corporation from liability, within fifteen days from the date of the tortious act.(b) Any contract, settlement or release obtained in violation of this section shall be voidable at the option of the releasor upon restoration of the consideration.(1959, P.A. 494; P.A. 82-160, S. 237.)History: P.A. 82-160 made minor change in wording and divided section into Subsecs.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572b - Alienation of affections and breach of promise actions abolished.

 No action may be brought upon any cause arising from alienation of affections or from breach of a promise to marry.(1967, P.A. 275, S. 1; P.A. 82-160, S. 238.)History: P.A. 82-160 changed wording slightly and deleted language which limiting applicability to causes arising “after October 1, 1967”.The Heart Balm Act does not affect common law principles governing actions for the return of property transferred in reliance on fraudulent representations. 180 C. 369, 370. Cited. 240 C. 549.When legislature enacted section, it expressed its intent to abolish common law actions seeking damages for a particular type of conduct, regardless of the name that plaintiff assigns to that conduct, and in determining whether an action is barred under section, court will consider underlying conduct alleged in plaintiff's complaint. 80 CA 180.Action for criminal conversation is not barred in this state by section, which specifically prohibits actions for alienation of affections and breach of promise. 28 CS 487.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572c - Parent-child immunity abrogated in certain negligence actions.

 In all actions for negligence in the operation of a motor vehicle, and in all actions accruing on or after October 1, 1979, for negligence in the operation of an aircraft or vessel, as defined in section 15-127, resulting in personal injury, wrongful death or injury to property, the immunity between parent and child in such negligence action brought by a parent against his child or by or on behalf of a child against his parent is abrogated.(1967, P.A. 596, S. 1; P.A. 79-5.)History: P.A. 79-5 removed obsolete reference to actions accruing after July 1, 1967, for negligence in operation of motor vehicle and applied section to actions for negligence in operation of aircraft or vessel accruing on or after October 1, 1979.In absence of express statutory exceptions, doctrine of parental immunity from actions at law by child prevail. 157 C. 445. Cited. 200 C. 290; 207 C. 518; 224 C. 483; 230 C. 472; 234 C. 259. Doctrine of parental immunity bars action to recover for personal injuries sustained by child as result of fire that occurred at the home of child's noncustodial parent during a scheduled visit. 244 C. 692.“Operator of motor vehicle” for purposes of statute discussed. 9 CA 290. Cited. 20 CA 619; 34 CA 866.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572d - Interspousal immunity abrogated in motor vehicle negligence actions accruing out of state.

 In all actions brought by one resident spouse against the other resident spouse for negligence in the operation of a motor vehicle resulting in personal injury, wrongful death or injury to property, it shall not be a defense or a bar to the cause of action that such an action by one spouse against another would not lie in the state where the injury or death occurred. The rights of such spouses, including the standard of care to be applied in such action, shall be determined as if the injury or death had occurred in this state.(1969, P.A. 623, S. 1; P.A. 74-338, S. 48, 94.)History: P.A. 74-338 added specific mention of “wrongful death”.Court will not interpret statute to apply before its enactment or qualify decision of court by it. 160 C. 563. Cited. 201 C. 632.Cited. 29 CS 326; 33 CS 44.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572e - Release of joint tortfeasor.

 (a) For the purposes of this section the term “joint tortfeasors” means two or more persons jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury to person or property whether or not a judgment has been recovered against all or any of them.(b) A release by the injured person, or his legal representative, of one joint tortfeasor does not discharge the other tortfeasors unless, and only to the extent, the release so provides.(1969, P.A. 143.)Cited. 225 C. 401; 232 C. 272, 278; 234 C. 660. Enactment of statute was not intended to abrogate common law rule that a principal and agent are not joint tortfeasors, and therefore release of the primarily liable employee operated as a matter of law to release employer whose liability rested solely upon the doctrine of respondeat superior. 249 C. 709. Lessor and lessee of a motor vehicle are not joint tortfeasors within meaning of section and a release executed in favor of lessee also operates to release lessor. 260 C. 15.Court may consider extrinsic evidence of the parties' intent regarding scope of the release. 72 CA 402.Cited. 41 CS 353.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572f - Criminal conversation action abolished.

 No action may be brought upon any cause arising from criminal conversation.(1971, P.A. 177; P.A. 82-160, S. 239.)History: P.A. 82-160 made minor change in wording and deleted language limiting applicability to causes arising “after October 1, 1971”.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572g - Defenses against holder in due course of instrument in consumer goods credit transaction.

 (a) Any holder in due course of a promissory note, contract or other instrument, other than an instrument issued in connection with a credit card transaction, evidencing an indebtedness, signed or executed by a buyer in connection with a credit transaction covering consumer goods, as defined in section 42a-9-102 or for consumer services rendered, shall be subject to all of the claims and defenses which the buyer has against the seller arising out of the transaction or against the person or persons providing the services, limited to the amount of indebtedness then outstanding in connection with the credit transaction, provided the buyer shall have made a prior written demand on the seller with respect to the transaction.(b) For the purposes of this section “consumer services” includes any supply of accommodations, exercise and health club programs, instruction or education, including any type of training course in any field such as personality improvement, self motivation, salesmanship and similar fields, or any work, repair or other services rendered for personal, family or household purposes.(1972, P.A. 137; P.A. 73-466; P.A. 75-251; P.A. 76-169, S. 14; P.A. 77-604, S. 35, 84; P.A. 82-160, S. 240; P.A. 01-132, S. 176.)History: P.A. 73-466 added Subsecs. (b) and (c) and applied former provisions, designated as Subsec. (a) to holders of notes, contracts, etc. rather than to “subsequent” holders of notes, contracts, etc.; P.A. 75-251 amended Subsec. (a) to apply with respect to notes, etc. for consumer services rendered and defined “consumer services”; P.A. 76-169 deleted Subsecs. (b) and (c) re instruments issued in connection with credit card transaction for purchase of item or service; P.A. 77-604 reiterated amendments enacted in P.A. 75-251 but inadvertently omitted in P.A. 76-169; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators; P.A. 01-132 amended Subsec. (a) to replace Sec. 42a-9-109 with Sec. 42a-9-102 as the statutory reference for the definition of “consumer goods”.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572i (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572i - Application of the family car doctrine.

 Section 52-572i is repealed.(P.A. 76-46; P.A. 82-160, S. 259.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-572j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572j - Derivative actions by shareholders or members.

 (a) Whenever any corporation or any unincorporated association fails to enforce a right which may properly be asserted by it, a derivative action may be brought by one or more shareholders or members to enforce the right, provided the shareholder or member was a shareholder or member at the time of the transaction of which he complained or his membership thereafter devolved on him by operation of law. The action shall be commenced by a complaint returnable to the superior court for the judicial district in which an office of the corporation or association is located. The derivative action may not be maintained if it appears that the plaintiff does not fairly and adequately represent the interests of the shareholders or members similarly situated in enforcing the right of the corporation or association. The action shall not be dismissed or compromised without the approval of the court, and notice of the proposed dismissal or compromise shall be given to shareholders or members in such manner as the court directs.(b) In any action brought pursuant to this section, process shall be served on the corporation or association as in other civil actions, and notice of the service of process after its having been served shall be given to the board of directors and such other interested persons as the court deems proper. It shall not be necessary to make shareholders or members parties thereto. The costs of the action or part thereof, which shall include but not be limited to witness' fees, court costs and reasonable attorney's fees, may be charged by the court, in its discretion, against the corporation.(P.A. 77-310; P.A. 82-160, S. 41; 82-472, S. 143, 183.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section; P.A. 82-472 deleted obsolete reference to counties.See Sec. 33-720 et seq. re derivative proceedings.Cited. 238 C. 183.Cited. 17 CA 70. Defendant who is no longer shareholder in corporation cannot maintain derivative action on its behalf. 104 CA 810.Cited. 39 CS 264; 40 CS 327.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572k (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572k - Hold harmless clause against public policy in certain construction contracts.

 (a) Any covenant, promise, agreement or understanding entered into in connection with or collateral to a contract or agreement relative to the construction, alteration, repair or maintenance of any building, structure or appurtenances thereto including moving, demolition and excavating connected therewith, that purports to indemnify or hold harmless the promisee against liability for damage arising out of bodily injury to persons or damage to property caused by or resulting from the negligence of such promisee, such promisee's agents or employees, is against public policy and void, provided this section shall not affect the validity of any insurance contract, workers' compensation agreement or other agreement issued by a licensed insurer.(b) The provisions of this section shall apply to covenants, promises, agreements or understandings entered into on or after the thirtieth day next succeeding October 1, 1977.(P.A. 77-356; P.A. 79-376, S. 73; P.A. 01-155, S. 2.)History: P.A. 79-376 substituted “workers' compensation” for “workmen's compensation”; P.A. 01-155 amended Subsec. (a) by substituting “negligence” for “sole negligence” and by making a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality.Legislature, in specifically outlawing hold harmless agreements in the construction industry, showed intention that such a practice not be deemed against public policy in other situations; had legislature intended to outlaw all such provisions, it could have said so. 1 CA 54. Waiver of subrogation provision in contract was not an agreement to hold harmless or to indemnify. 77 CA 167.Enforcing an “additional insured” clause does not violate the provisions of section. 50 CS 563.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572l (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572l - Strict tort liability, contributory negligence and comparative negligence not bar to recovery.

 In causes of action based on strict tort liability, contributory negligence or comparative negligence shall not be a bar to recovery. The provisions of this section shall apply to all actions pending on or brought after June 7, 1977, claiming strict tort liability notwithstanding the date on which the cause of action accrued. Nothing in this section shall be construed as barring the defense of misuse of the product or the defense of knowingly using the product in a defective condition in an action based on strict tort liability.(P.A. 77-335, S. 1, 2.)Cited. 203 C. 594; 207 C. 575; 212 C. 509; 229 C. 500.Cited. 2 CA 308; 30 CA 664; 45 CA 324.Cited. 41 CS 179.
CT Gen Stat § 52-572p (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-572p - Limitation of liability of product seller.

 (a) A product seller shall not be liable for harm that would not have occurred but for the fact that his product was altered or modified by a third party unless: (1) The alteration or modification was in accordance with the instructions or specifications of the product seller; (2) the alteration or modification was made with the consent of the product seller; or (3) the alteration or modification was the result of conduct that reasonably should have been anticipated by the product seller.(b) For the purposes of this section, alteration or modification includes changes in the design, formula, function or use of the product from that originally designed, tested or intended by the product seller.(P.A. 79-483, S. 5.)Cited. 187 C. 363; 192 C. 280; 200 C. 562; 203 C. 156; 204 C. 399. Sec. 52-572m et seq., product liability act, abrogated common law indemnification principles in this area. 205 C. 694. Cited. 207 C. 575; Id., 599; 210 C. 189; 212 C. 462; Id., 509; 213 C. 136; 216 C. 65; 226 C. 282; 229 C. 213; Id., 500; 233 C. 732; 236 C. 769. Court set forth respective parties' appropriate burden of proof; product liability law discussed. 241 C. 199. Modified consumer expectation test, recognized in 241 C. 199, is the primary strict product liability test; ordinary consumer expectation test is reserved for those limited cases in which product fails to meet consumer's legitimate, commonly accepted minimum safety expectations. 321 C. 172.Cited. 1 CA 48; 3 CA 230; 8 CA 642; 16 CA 558; 30 CA 664; 31 CA 824; 36 CA 601; 39 CA 635; 41 CA 555; Id., 856; 46 CA 18; Id., 699.Cited. 40 CS 120; 41 CS 179; 42 CS 153; 44 CS 510.