reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 40-6-125 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 6 - Turning, Starting, Signaling|§ 40-6-125. Method of Giving Hand and Arm Signals

 All signals required by this article when given by hand and arm shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner and shall indicate as follows:    Left turn, hand and arm extended horizontally;   Right turn, hand and arm extended upward;   Stop or decrease speed, hand and arm extended downward.    (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 71; Code 1933, § 68A-606, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Reciprocal duties of drivers of automobiles or other vehicles proceeding in the same direction, 24 A.L.R. 507; 47 A.L.R. 703; 62 A.L.R. 970; 104 A.L.R. 485.   Sudden or unsignaled stop or slowing of motor vehicle as negligence, 29 A.L.R.2d 5.   Liability for accident arising from motorist's failure to give signal for right turn, 38 A.L.R.2d 143.   Liability for accident arising from failure of motorist to give signal for left turn at intersection as against motor vehicle proceeding in same direction, 39 A.L.R.2d 15.   Liability for accident arising from failure of motorist to give signal for left turn at intersection, as against oncoming or intersecting motor vehicle, 39 A.L.R.2d 65.   Liability for accident arising from failure of motorist to give signal for left turn between intersections, 39 A.L.R.2d 103.
GA Code § 40-6-126 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 6 - Turning, Starting, Signaling|§ 40-6-126. Central Lane for Turning

 Whenever a highway or roadway has a central lane in which traffic may enter from either direction for the purposes of making a left turn, no vehicle shall be driven into such central lane except for the purpose of making a left turn, and no vehicle shall enter into such central lane at a location which is more than 300 feet from the location where the vehicle will turn left across one or more lanes of oncoming traffic. No vehicle which has been driven into such a central lane shall be operated in such central lane for more than 300 feet.    (Code 1981, §40-6-126, enacted by Ga. L. 1997, p. 866, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Driving on roadways laned for traffic, § 40-6-48.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Driscoll v. Walters, 267 Ga. App. 688, 600 S.E.2d 744 (2004).
GA Code § 40-6-140 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 7 - Negotiating Railroad Crossings, Entering Highways From Private Driveways|§ 40-6-140. Approaching and Travel Over Railroad Grade Crossing

  As used in this Code section, the term "other on-track equipment" means any car, rolling stock, or other device that, alone or coupled to another device, is operated on stationary rails.   Whenever any person driving a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing, such driver shall stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of such railroad and shall not proceed until he or she can do so safely, when:   A clearly visible electric or mechanical signal device gives warning of the immediate approach of a train;   A crossing gate is lowered or a human flagman gives or continues to give a signal of the approach of the passage of a train or other on-track equipment; or   An approaching train or other on-track equipment is plainly visible and is in hazardous proximity to such crossing.     No person shall drive any vehicle through, around, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while such gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.   If no electric or mechanical signal device is giving warning of the immediate approach of a train or other on-track equipment, no crossing gate or barrier is closed, there is no stop sign at the crossing, and there is no human flagman giving warning, all drivers shall slow to a reasonable and prudent speed and verify that there is no approaching train or other on-track equipment prior to proceeding. For the purposes of this subsection, "a reasonable and prudent speed" means a speed slow enough to enable the driver to safely stop the vehicle prior to reaching the nearest rail of such crossing.   No person shall drive a vehicle over a railroad grade crossing when a train or other on-track equipment is approaching.   No person shall drive a vehicle over a railroad grade crossing if there is insufficient space to drive completely through the crossing without stopping.   No person shall drive a vehicle over a railroad grade crossing if there is insufficient undercarriage clearance for the vehicle to negotiate the crossing.    (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 83; Code 1933, § 68A-701, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5; Ga. L. 2003, p. 484, § 9; Ga. L. 2018, p. 354, § 1/SB 409.)    The 2018 amendment,  effective July 1, 2018, inserted "or other on-track equipment" throughout; added subsection (a); redesignated former subsection (a) as present subsection (b) and inserted "or she" near the end of the introductory paragraph; and redesignated former subsections (b) through (f) as present subsections (c) through (g), respectively.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 74 C.J.S., Railroads, § 786 et seq.   ALR.    - Traveler's ignorance of existence of railroad crossing as affecting liability for injury, 40 A.L.R. 1309.    Duty of automobilist to shut off motor at railroad crossing, 54 A.L.R. 542.
GA Code § 40-6-141 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 7 - Negotiating Railroad Crossings, Entering Highways From Private Driveways|§ 40-6-141. Erection and Observance of Stop Signs at Railroad Grade Crossings

 The Department of Transportation and local authorities with the approval of the department are authorized to designate particularly dangerous highway grade crossings of railroads and to erect stop signs thereat. When such stop signs are erected, the driver of any vehicle shall stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of such railroad and shall proceed only upon exercising due care.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 84; Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 2; Code 1933, § 68A-702, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Failure to stop, look, and listen at railroad crossing as negligence per se, 1 A.L.R. 203; 2 A.L.R. 767; 41 A.L.R. 405.    Duty of automobilist to shut off motor at railroad crossing, 54 A.L.R. 54.   Negligence of driver of motor vehicle as respects manner of timely application of proper brakes, 72 A.L.R.2d 6.
GA Code § 40-6-143 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 7 - Negotiating Railroad Crossings, Entering Highways From Private Driveways|§ 40-6-143. Moving Heavy Equipment at Railroad Grade Crossings

  No person shall operate or move a crawler-type tractor, steam shovel, derrick, roller, or any equipment or structure having a normal operating speed of ten miles per hour or less or a vertical body or load clearance of less than one-half inch per foot of the distance between any two adjacent axles or in any event of less than nine inches, measured above the level surface of a roadway, upon or across any tracks at a railroad grade crossing without first complying with this Code section.   Notice of any such intended crossing shall be given to a station agency of such railroad and a reasonable time shall be given to such railroad to provide proper protection at such crossing.   Before making any such crossing, the person operating or moving any such vehicle or equipment shall first stop it not less than 15 feet nor more than 50 feet from the nearest rail of such railroad and while so stopped shall listen and look in both directions along such track for any approaching train and for signals indicating the approach of a train and shall not proceed until the crossing can be made safely.   No such crossing shall be made when warning is given by automatic signal or crossing gates or a flagman or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train or car. If a flagman is provided by the railroad, movement over the crossing shall be under his direction.    (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 86; Code 1933, § 68A-704, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Duty of automobilist to shut off motor at railroad crossing, 54 A.L.R. 542.
GA Code § 40-6-144 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 7 - Negotiating Railroad Crossings, Entering Highways From Private Driveways|§ 40-6-144. Emerging From Alley, Driveway, or Building; Driving Upon a Sidewalk Prohibited

 The driver of a vehicle emerging from an alley, building, private road, or driveway within a business or residential district shall stop such vehicle immediately prior to driving onto a sidewalk or onto the sidewalk area extending across such alley, building entrance, road, or driveway or, in the event there is no sidewalk area, shall stop at the point nearest the street to be entered where the driver has a view of approaching traffic thereon. The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right of way to any pedestrian on a sidewalk. Except as provided by resolution or ordinance of a local government for sidewalks within the jurisdiction of such local government authorizing the operation of bicycles on sidewalks by persons 12 years of age or younger, no person shall drive any vehicle upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or duly authorized driveway.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 88; Code 1933, §§ 68A-509, 68A-705, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5; Ga. L. 2009, p. 65, § 7/SB 196.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, § 304.   C.J.S.   - 60A C.J.S., Motor Vehicles, § 822.
GA Code § 40-6-160 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 8 - School Buses|§ 40-6-160. Speed Limits When Transporting Children

  Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this Code section, it shall be unlawful to operate:   A school bus transporting school children to and from school or to and from school activities at a speed greater than 40 miles per hour on a public road other than one which is a part of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways; or   A school bus transporting school children to and from school or to and from school activities on a public road which is a part of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways at a speed greater than 55 miles per hour.     When a school bus is transporting school children to or from an event or school activity or an express bus transporting students from one school to another school and is not loading or unloading children during such transportation, the speed limit shall be 55 miles per hour on other public roads as well as on those public roads which are a part of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways.    (Code 1933, § 68A-706, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1978, p. 2065, § 1; Ga. L. 1988, p. 540, § 1; Ga. L. 1989, p. 14, § 40; Ga. L. 1990, p. 8, § 40; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5; Ga. L. 1992, p. 2785, § 23; Ga. L. 2000, p. 136, § 40.)   Cross references.   - Code section not applicable to public transit systems transporting school children, § 40-8-114.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Liability of motorbus carrier or driver for death of, or injury to, discharged passenger struck by other vehicle, 16 A.L.R.5th 1.
GA Code § 40-6-161 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 8 - School Buses|§ 40-6-161. Headlights to Be Lit When Transporting Children; Communication Equipment Required

  It shall be unlawful to operate any school bus which is transporting children unless the headlights on such school bus are illuminated.   It shall be unlawful to operate any school bus which is transporting children unless the driver of the bus is equipped with one or more devices to allow live communication between the driver and school officials or public safety officials or both. Such communication may be provided by two-way radio, cellular telephone, or any other device which provides similar communications capability.    (Ga. L. 1964, p. 338, § 1; Code 1933, § 68A-706, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1629, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Code section not applicable to public transit systems transporting school children, § 40-8-114.
GA Code § 40-6-162 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 8 - School Buses|§ 40-6-162. Use of Visual Signals

 A school bus driver shall actuate the visual signals required by Code Sections 40-8-111 and 40-8-115 whenever, but only whenever, the school bus is stopped on the highway for the purpose of receiving or discharging school children. A school bus driver shall not actuate the visual signals:    At intersections or other places where traffic is controlled by traffic-control signals or police officers; or   In designated school bus loading areas where the bus is entirely off the roadway.    (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 89; Code 1933, § 68A-706, enacted by Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 8, § 40; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   Cross references.   - Code section not applicable to public transit systems transporting school children, § 40-8-114.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Intersection with stop sign.    - School bus driver was authorized to actuate the flashers and stop arm of the bus at an intersection with a stop sign. Parker v. State, 228 Ga. App. 15, 491 S.E.2d 113 (1997).
GA Code § 40-6-164 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 8 - School Buses|§ 40-6-164. Duty of School Bus Driver Stopping to Allow Children to Disembark

 After stopping to allow children to disembark from the bus, it shall be unlawful for the driver of the school bus to proceed until all children who need to cross the roadway have done so safely.Any driver willfully violating this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.   (Ga. L. 1976, p. 479, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 8, § 40; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)
GA Code § 40-6-180 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 9 - Speed Restrictions|§ 40-6-180. Basic Rules

 No person shall drive a vehicle at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions and having regard for the actual and potential hazards then existing. Consistently with the foregoing, every person shall drive at a reasonable and prudent speed when approaching and crossing an intersection or railroad grade crossing, when approaching and going around a curve, when approaching and traversing a hill crest, when traveling upon any narrow or winding roadway, and when special hazards exist with respect to pedestrians or other traffic or by reason of weather or highway conditions.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 48; Code 1933, § 68A-801, enacted by Ga. L. 1975, p. 1582, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Official signs afford same protection as official devices.   - Official traffic control signs, such as "Men Working," "Watch for Mowers," and "Survey Party," afford the same legal protection that is afforded by other official traffic control devices. 1970 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 70-55.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, § 274.   C.J.S.   - 60A C.J.S., Motor Vehicles, § 671 et seq.   ALR.    - Excuse for exceeding speed limit for automobiles, 29 A.L.R. 883.    Right of way at street or highway intersections, 37 A.L.R. 493; 47 A.L.R. 595.    Driving automobile at speed which prevents stopping within range of vision as negligence, 97 A.L.R. 546.   Liability of state, municipality, or public agency for vehicle accident occurring because of accumulation of water on street or highway, 61 A.L.R.2d 425.   Necessity and propriety of instruction as to prima facie speed limit, 87 A.L.R.2d 539.   Indefiniteness of automobile speed regulations as affecting validity, 6 A.L.R.3d 1326.   Opinion testimony as to speed of motor vehicle based on skid marks and other facts, 29 A.L.R.3d 248.   Automobiles: sudden emergency as exception to rule requiring motorist to maintain ability to stop within assured clear distance ahead, 75 A.L.R.3d 327.   Motor vehicle operator's liability for accident occurring while driving with vision obscured by smoke or steam, 32 A.L.R.4th 933.   Criminal liability for street racing (drag racing), 89 A.L.R.6th 565.
GA Code § 40-6-182 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 9 - Speed Restrictions|§ 40-6-182. Establishment of State Speed Zones

 Whenever the commissioner of public safety or the commissioner of transportation shall determine upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that any maximum speed set forth in this article is greater or less than is reasonable or safe under the conditions found to exist at any intersection or other place or upon any part of the state highway system, they may jointly determine and declare a reasonable and safe maximum speed limit at such place, which shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected. Such a maximum speed limit may be declared to be effective at all times as are indicated upon such signs; and differing limits may be established for different times of day, different varying weather conditions, and other factors bearing on safe speeds, which shall be effective when posted upon appropriate fixed or variable signs. In no case shall the maximum speed limit for any highway be established at higher thanthe maximum speed limits set forth in Code Section 40-6-181 for that type of highway.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 49; Ga. L. 1957, p. 419, § 1; Ga. L. 1963, p. 254, § 2; Code 1933, § 68A-803, enacted by Ga. L. 1975, p. 1582, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Section constitutional.   - Permitting the Department of Public Safety (now Commissioner of Public Safety) to fix special speed restrictions, within an authorized maximum, on any segment of a public street or highway, based upon an engineering or traffic survey, is not an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power. 1945-47 Op. Att'y Gen. p. 408.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, § 265 et seq.   ALR.    - Right of way at street or highway intersections, 37 A.L.R. 493; 47 A.L.R. 595.   Necessity and propriety of instruction as to prima facie speed limit, 87 A.L.R.2d 539.
GA Code § 40-6-183 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 9 - Speed Restrictions|§ 40-6-183. Alteration of Speed Limits by Local Authorities

  Whenever the governing authority of an incorporated municipality or county, in its respective jurisdiction, determines on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that the maximum vehicle speed permitted under this chapter is greater than is reasonable and safe under the conditions found to exist upon a highway or part of a highway under its jurisdiction, such authority may determine and declare a reasonable and safe maximum vehicle speed limit thereon which:   Decreases the limit at intersections;   Decreases the limit outside an urban or residential district, but not to less than 30 miles per hour;   Decreases the limit within an urban or residential district, but not to less than 25 miles per hour; or   Decreases any speed limit where a special hazard or condition exists that requires lower speed for compliance with Code Section 40-6-180.     Such an authority in its respective jurisdiction shall determine by an engineering and traffic investigation the proper maximum speed for all arterial streets and shall declare a reasonable and safe maximum speed limit thereon which may be greater or less than the maximum speed permitted under this chapter for an urban district, but in no case shall the maximum be established at higher than 55 miles per hour.   Any altered limit established as authorized in this Code section shall be effective at all times or during hours of darkness or at other times as may be determined when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon such street or highway.   Not more than six alterations as authorized in this Code section shall be made per mile along a street or highway, except in the case of reduced limits at intersections. The difference between adjacent limits shall not be more than ten miles per hour, except for reductions for school speed zones, which may be not more than 20 miles per hour when a warning sign is placed 700 feet in advance of the point at which the speed reduction is required.    (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 50; Code 1933, § 68A-804, enacted by Ga. L. 1975, p. 1582, § 1; Ga. L. 1978, p. 1967, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, § 265 et seq.   ALR.    - Right of way at street or highway intersections, 37 A.L.R. 493; 47 A.L.R. 595.   Necessity and propriety of instruction as to prima facie speed limit, 87 A.L.R.2d 539.
GA Code § 40-6-185 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 6 - Uniform Rules of the Road|Article 9 - Speed Restrictions|§ 40-6-185. Speed Limits on Bridges and Other Elevated Structures

  No person shall drive a vehicle over any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway at a speed which is greater than the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such bridge or structure, when such structure isposted as provided in this Code section.   The Department of Transportation may conduct an investigation of any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway, and, if it shall thereupon find that such structure cannot, with safety to itself, withstand vehicles traveling at the speed otherwise permissible under this chapter, the department shall determine and declare the maximum speed of vehicles which such structure can safely withstand and shall cause or permit suitable signs stating such maximum speed to be erected and maintained before each end of such structure.   Upon the trial of any person charged with a violation of subsection (a) of this Code section, proof of determination of the maximum speed by the department and the existence of such signs shall constitute conclusive evidence of the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such bridge or structure.    (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 53; Code 1933, § 68A-806, enacted by Ga. L. 1975, p. 1582, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 2048, § 5.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Excuse for exceeding speed limit for automobiles, 29 A.L.R. 883.