reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 33-17-17 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-17. Advancement of Sums to Insurer by Attorney or Other Parties; Withdrawal or Repayment of Advances

 The attorney or other parties may advance to a domestic reciprocal insurer upon reasonable terms any funds as it may require from time to time in its operations. Sums so advanced shall not be treated as a liability of the insurer and, except upon liquidation of the insurer, shall not be withdrawn or repaid except out of the insurer's realized earned surplus in excess of its minimum required surplus. No withdrawal or repayment shall be made without the advance approval of the Commissioner.   (Code 1933, § 56-2116, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-18 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-18. Persons and Organizations Authorized to Become Subscribers; Exchange of Insurance Contracts; Personal Liability Upon Contracts

  Individuals, partnerships, and corporations of this state may make application to, enter into agreement for, hold policies or contracts in or with, and be a subscriber of any domestic, foreign, or alien reciprocal insurer.   Any corporation organized under the laws of this state shall, in addition to the rights, powers, and franchises specified in its charter, have full power and authority as a subscriber to exchange insurance contracts through such reciprocal insurer. The right to exchange such contracts is declared to be incidental to the purposes for which the corporations are organized and to be as fully granted as the rights and powers expressly conferred upon the corporations. Government or governmental agencies, state or political subdivisions thereof, boards, associations, estates, trustees, or fiduciaries are authorized to exchange nonassessable reciprocal interinsurance contracts with each other and with individuals, partnerships, and corporations to the same extent that individuals, partnerships, and corporations are authorized under this Code section to exchange reciprocal interinsurance contracts.   Any officer, representative, trustee, receiver, or legal representative of any subscriber shall be recognized as acting for or on its behalf for the purpose of the contract but shall not be personally liable upon the contract by reason of acting in a representative capacity.    (Code 1933, § 56-2119, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-19 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-19. Liability of Subscribers for Obligations of Insurer Generally; Contingent Liability Assessment

  The liability of each subscriber, other than as to a nonassessable policy, for the obligations of the reciprocal insurer shall be an individual, several, and proportionate liability, and not joint.   Except as to a nonassessable policy, each subscriber shall have a contingent assessment liability, in the amount provided for in the power of attorney or in the subscribers' agreement, for payment of actual losses and expenses incurred while his policy was in force. The contingent liability may be at the rate of not less than one nor more than ten times the premium or premium deposit stated in the policy, and the maximum aggregate of contingent liability shall be computed in the manner set forth in Code Section 33-17-24.   Each assessable policy issued by the insurer shall contain a statement of the contingent liability.    (Code 1933, § 56-2121, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 43 Am. Jur. 2d, Insurance, §§ 75, 77.   C.J.S.   - 46A C.J.S., Insurance, § 2368 et seq.
GA Code § 33-17-20 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-20. Enforcement Against Subscriber of Judgment Against Insurer

  No action shall lie against any subscriber upon any obligation claimed against the insurer until a final judgment has been obtained against the insurer and remains unsatisfied for 30 days.   Any judgment shall be binding upon each subscriber only in such proportion as his interests may appear and in amount not exceeding his contingent liability, if any.    (Code 1933, § 56-2122, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-21 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-21. Standards for Determination by Commissioner of Financial Condition of Insurer

 In determining the financial condition of a reciprocal insurer, the Commissioner shall apply the following rules:    He shall charge as liabilities the same reserves as are required of incorporated insurers issuing nonassessable policies on a reserve basis;   The surplus deposits of subscribers shall be allowed as assets, except that any premium deposits delinquent for 90 days shall first be charged against such surplus deposit;   The surplus deposits of subscribers shall not be charged as a liability;   All premium deposits delinquent less than 90 days shall be allowed as assets;   An assessment levied upon subscribers and not collected shall not be allowed as an asset;   The contingent liability of subscribers shall not be allowed as an asset; and   The computation of reserves shall be based upon premium deposits other than membership fees without any deduction for expenses and the compensation of the attorney.    (Code 1933, § 56-2118, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-22 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-22. Manner of Levy of Assessments Against Subscribers Generally; Computation of Assessments

  Assessments may from time to time be levied upon subscribers of a domestic reciprocal insurer liable therefor under the terms of their policies by the attorney upon approval in advance by the subscribers' advisory committee and the Commissioner or by the Commissioner in liquidation of the insurer.   Each subscriber's share of a deficiency for which an assessment is made, but not exceeding in any event his aggregate contingent liability as computed in accordance with Code Section 33-17-24, shall be computed by applying to the premium earned on the subscriber's policy or policies during the period to be covered by the assessment the ratio of the total deficiency to the total premiums earned during the period upon all policies subject to the assessment.   In computing the earned premiums for the purposes of this Code section, the gross premium received by the insurer for the policy shall be used as a base deducting therefrom solely charges not recurring upon the renewal or extension of the policy.   No subscriber shall have an offset against any assessment for which he is liable on account of any claim for unearned premium or losses payable.    (Code 1933, § 56-2123, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 33.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 43 Am. Jur. 2d, Insurance, § 72 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 46A C.J.S., Insurance, § 2368 et seq.
GA Code § 33-17-23 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-23. Limitation Period for Assessments

 Every subscriber of a domestic reciprocal insurer having contingent liability shall be liable for and shall pay his share of any assessment, as computed and limited in accordance with this chapter, if:    While his or her policy is in force or within one year after its termination, he or she is notified by either the attorney or the Commissioner of his or her intentions to levy the assessment; or   If an order to show cause why the receiver, conservator, rehabilitator, or liquidator of the insurer should not be appointed is issued while his or her policy is in force or within one year after its termination.    (Code 1933, § 56-2124, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1; Ga. L. 2019, p. 337, § 1-83/SB 132.)    The 2019 amendment,  effective July 1, 2019, inserted "or her" in two places in paragraph (1) and in paragraph (2), and inserted "or she" in paragraph (1).   Law reviews.   - For article, "Statutes of Limitation: Counterproductive Complexities," see 37 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (1985).
GA Code § 33-17-24 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-24. Maximum Assessable Aggregate Contingent Liability

 No one policy or subscriber as to the policy shall be assessed or charged with an aggregate of contingent liability as to obligations incurred by a domestic reciprocal insurer in any one calendar year in excess of the amount provided for in the power of attorney or in the subscriber's agreement computed solely upon premium earned on the policy during that year.   (Code 1933, § 56-2125, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-25 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-25. Insufficient Assets to Discharge Liabilities and to Maintain Required Surplus

  If the assets of a domestic reciprocal insurer are at any time insufficient to discharge its liabilities, other than any liability on account of funds contributed by the attorney or others, and to maintain the required surplus, its attorney shall immediately make up the deficiency or levy an assessment upon the subscribers for the amount needed to make up the deficiency, subject to the limitations set forth in the power of attorney or policy.   If the attorney fails to make up the deficiency or to make the assessment within 30 days after the Commissioner orders him or her to do so or if the deficiency is not fully made up within 60 days after the date the assessment was made, the insurer shall be deemed insolvent and shall be proceeded against as authorized by this title.   If liquidation of an insurer is ordered, an assessment shall be levied upon the subscribers for an amount, subject to limits as provided by this chapter, as the Commissioner determines to be necessary to discharge all liabilities of the insurer, exclusive of any funds contributed by the attorney or other persons but including the reasonable costs of the liquidation.    (Code 1933, § 56-2130, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1; Ga. L. 2019, p. 337, § 1-84/SB 132.)    The 2019 amendment,  effective July 1, 2019, inserted "or her" in subsection (b).
GA Code § 33-17-26 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-26. Authorization and Procedure for Issuance by Commissioner of Certificate Authorizing Insurer to Extinguish Contingent Liability of Subscribers; Revocation of Certificate

  If a reciprocal insurer has a surplus of assets over all liabilities at least equal to the minimum paid-in capital stock required of a domestic stock insurer authorized to transact like kinds of insurance, upon application of the attorney and as approved by the subscribers' advisory committee, the Commissioner shall issue a certificate authorizing the insurer to extinguish the contingent liability of subscribers under its policies then in force in this state and to omit provisions imposing contingent liability in all policies delivered or issued for delivery in this state for so long as all the surplus remains unimpaired.   Upon impairment of the surplus, the Commissioner shall immediately revoke the certificate. The revocation shall not render subject to contingent liability any policy then in force and for the remainder of the period for which the premium has theretofore been paid but, after revocation, no policy shall be issued or renewed without providing for contingent assessment liability of the subscriber.   The Commissioner shall not authorize a domestic reciprocal insurer so to extinguish the contingent liability of any of its subscribers or in any of its policies to be issued, unless it qualifies to and does extinguish the liability of all its subscribers and in all the policies for all kinds of insurance transacted by it. If required by the laws of another state in which the insurer is transacting insurance as an authorized insurer, the insurer may issue policies providing for the contingent liability of such of its subscribers as may acquire the policies in the state and need not extinguish the contingent liability applicable to policies theretofore in force in the state.    (Code 1933, § 56-2126, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-27 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-27. Distribution of Unused Premiums, Savings, Credits, or Profits to Subscribers

 A reciprocal insurer may from time to time return to its subscribers any unused premiums, savings, credits, or profits accruing to their accounts. Any such distribution shall not unfairly discriminate between classes of risks or policies or between subscribers, but the distribution may vary as to classes of subscribers based upon the experience of the subscribers. In no event shall there be any distribution whatsoever by a domestic reciprocal insurer while notes or advances to the minimum surplus required by Code Section 33-17-17 are outstanding, unless the Commissioner shall first approve the distribution.   (Code 1933, § 56-2127, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-28 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-28. Distribution of Assets to Subscribers Upon Liquidation of Insurer

 Upon the liquidation of a domestic reciprocal insurer, its assets remaining after discharges of its indebtedness and policy obligations, the return of any contributions of the attorney or other persons to its surplus made as provided in Code Section 33-17-17, and the return of any unused premiums, savings, or credit then standing on subscribers' accounts shall be distributed to its subscribers who were such within the 12 months prior to the last termination of its certificate of authority, according to such reasonable formula as the Commissioner may approve.   (Code 1933, § 56-2128, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 46A C.J.S., Insurance, § 2368 et seq.
GA Code § 33-17-29 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-29. Filing of Annual Statement With Commissioner

  The annual financial statement of a reciprocal insurer shall be made and filed with the Commissioner by its attorney on or before March 1 of each year.   The information required by this title of other insurers doing a like insurance business in this state shall be included in the annual financial statement.   The statement shall be supplemented by such information as may be required by the Commissioner relative to the affairs and transactions of the attorney, insofar as they relate to the reciprocal insurer.    (Code 1933, § 56-2117, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-17-30 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-30. Merger of Reciprocal Insurers; Conversion of Reciprocal Insurers to Stock or Mutual Insurers

  A domestic reciprocal insurer, upon affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of its subscribers who vote on the merger pursuant to due notice and the approval of the Commissioner of the terms for such merger, may merge with another reciprocal insurer or be converted to a stock or mutual insurer.   Such a stock or mutual insurer shall be subject to the same capital or surplus requirements and shall have the same rights as a like domestic insurer transacting like kinds of insurance.   The Commissioner shall not approve any plan for merger or conversion which is inequitable to subscribers or which, if for conversion to a stock insurer, does not give each subscriber preferential right to acquire stock of the proposed insurer proportionate to his interest in the reciprocal insurer as determined in accordance with Code Section 33-17-28 and a reasonable length of time within which to exercise such right.   Reinsurance of all or substantially all of the insurance in force of a domestic reciprocal insurer in another insurer shall be deemed to be a merger for the purposes of this Code section.    (Code 1933, § 56-2129, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Merger and consolidation of Secretary of State corporations, § 14-4-140 et seq.
GA Code § 33-17-31 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 17 - Reciprocal Insurers|§ 33-17-31. Exchange of Contracts or Indemnities by Attorneys

 Any attorney who shall exchange any contract or indemnity of the kind and character specified in this chapter or who shall directly or indirectly solicit or negotiate any application for the contracts without first complying with all the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, but the Commissioner may in his discretion and upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe issue a permit for organizational purposes to continue in force and effect until canceled at the pleasure of the Commissioner.   (Code 1933, § 56-9914, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Punishment for misdemeanors generally, § 17-10-3.
GA Code § 33-18-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 18 - Nonprofit Medical Service Corporations|§ 33-18-1. Through 33-18-33

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2017, p. 164, § 1/HB 127, effective July 1, 2017.   Editor's notes.   - This chapter consisted of Code Sections33-18-1 through33-18-33, relating to nonprofit medical service corporations, and was based on Code 1933, §§ 56-1801-1831, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1; Ga. L. 1973, p. 813, §§ 2-18; Ga. L. 1983, p. 3, § 33; Ga. L. 1982, p. 1199, §§ 2, 4.
GA Code § 33-19-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Nonprofit Hospital Service Corporations|§ 33-19-1. Through 33-19-22

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2017, p. 164, § 2/HB 127, effective July 1, 2017.   Editor's notes.   - This chapter consisted of Code Sections 33-19-1 through 33-19-22, relating to nonprofit hospital service corporations, and was based on Code 1933, §§ 56-1701 through 56-1720, enacted by Ga. L. 1960, p. 289, § 1; Ga. L. 1972, p. 682, § 1; Ga. L. 1980, p. 68, § 1; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 33; Ga. L. 1982, p. 1199, §§ 1, 5; Ga. L. 2008, p. 12, § 2-33/SB 433.
GA Code § 33-20-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Health Care Plans|§ 33-20-1. Short Title

 This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Health Care Plan Act."   (Code 1933, § 56-1700a, enacted by Ga. L. 1976, p. 1461, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - When is medical expense "incurred" under policy providing for payment of medical expenses incurred within fixed period of time from date of injury, 65 A.L.R.5th 649.
GA Code § 33-20-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Health Care Plans|§ 33-20-2. Purpose and Construction of Chapter

 It is the purpose and intent of this chapter and the policy of this state to promote and finance quality health care services of demonstrated need, efficiently provided and properly utilized at a reasonable cost, in order to maintain the standing and promote the progress of comprehensive health care services in this state. This chapter shall be construed liberally to promote its humanitarian purposes.   (Code 1933, § 56-1700a, enacted by Ga. L. 1976, p. 1461, § 1; Ga. L. 1991, p. 724, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-20-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Health Care Plans|§ 33-20-4. Authorization of Formation of Health Care Corporations Generally

 Health care corporations may be incorporated for the purpose of establishing, maintaining, and operating one or more health care plans, providing administrative or other services to employers or others that offer plans furnishing or reimbursing for health care services, including without limitation establishing, administrating, promoting, and developing programs requested, desired, or sponsored by employers or other groups, and for the other purposes authorized by this chapter.   (Code 1933, § 56-1705a, enacted by Ga. L. 1976, p. 1461, § 1; Ga. L. 1991, p. 724, § 2; Ga. L. 1995, p. 745, § 1.3.)
GA Code § 33-20-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Health Care Plans|§ 33-20-5. Procedure for Formation of Health Care Corporations; Regulation and Supervision of Corporations by Commissioner Generally

  Any five or more persons, all of whom shall be residents of this state, upon filing a petition with the Secretary of State for a corporate charter as provided in Chapter 3 of Title 14, the "Georgia Nonprofit Corporation Code," or, if the resulting health care corporation is to be a surviving corporation, Chapter 2 of Title 14, the "Georgia Business Corporation Code," which petition shall also contain the information required by Chapter 14 of this title, may form a health care corporation under and in conformity with this chapter for the purpose of establishing, maintaining, and operating one or more health care plans, whereby health care services are or may be provided at the expense of the corporation. Other benefits including complete employee welfare and employee benefit programs may be added from time to time as the corporation may determine with the approval of the Commissioner.   A health care corporation shall be subject to regulation and supervision by the Commissioner in the same manner as life insurers are subject to such regulation and supervision and shall be governed by the corporation laws of this state.    (Code 1933, § 56-1703a, enacted by Ga. L. 1976, p. 1461, § 1; Ga. L. 1995, p. 745, § 1.4; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 33.)
GA Code § 33-20-6 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Health Care Plans|§ 33-20-6. Board of Directors; Merger or Consolidation of Medical Service Corporations and Hospital Service Corporations; Powers of Health Care Corporations Generally

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2017, p. 164, § 9/HB 127, effective July 1, 2017.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Ga. L. 1976, p. 1461, § 1; Ga. L. 1991, p. 724, § 3.
GA Code § 33-20-7 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Health Care Plans|§ 33-20-7. Bond of Treasurer; Deposit of Funds Collected From Subscribers

 The treasurer of a health care corporation shall be required to give a fidelity bond with corporate surety in such sum as may be determined by the directors of the corporation and all funds collected from the subscribers of the corporation shall be deposited to the account of the corporation in a bank which is a state depository.   (Code 1933, § 56-1713a, enacted by Ga. L. 1976, p. 1461, § 1.)
GA Code § 33-20-8 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Health Care Plans|§ 33-20-8. Requirements for Certificate of Authority; Application

  Except for corporations subject to this chapter which are surviving corporations, a health care corporation may issue contracts only after the Commissioner has authorized it to do so.   Every application for a certificate of authority shall be accompanied by copies of the following documents and information:   A certified copy of its charter or certificate of incorporation;   A copy of its bylaws certified by the lawful custodian of the original;   Proposed contracts between the corporation and participating physicians, participating facilities, or other providers of health care services showing the terms under which health care service is to be furnished to subscribers, beneficiaries, and covered dependents;   A statement of the county or counties in which it proposes to operate health care plans;   A statement of its financial condition and business in such form and detail as the Commissioner may require including the amounts of contributions paid for working capital, the name or names of each contributor, and the terms of such contributions signed and sworn to by its president and secretary or other proper officers. Contributions not paid, but agreed to be paid, may be reported as a separate item but shall not be admitted assets of the corporation; and   Such other documents and information as the Commissioner may reasonably require to be filed.      (Code 1933, § 56-1718a, enacted by Ga. L. 1976, p. 1461, § 1; Ga. L. 1995, p. 745, § 1.5.)