reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
WV Code § 17A-4-5 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4. Transfers of Title or Interest|§17A-4-5. Transfer by Operation of Law

Whenever the title or interest of an owner in or to a registered vehicle shall pass to another otherwise than by voluntary transfer, the registration thereof shall expire and the vehicle shall not be operated upon the highways unless and until the person entitled to possession of such vehicle shall apply for and obtain the registration thereof, except that such vehicle may be operated by the person entitled to its possession or his legal representative upon the highways for a distance not exceeding seventy-five miles upon displaying upon such vehicle the registration plates issued to the former owner, or in the event title has become vested in the person holding a lien or encumbrance upon said vehicle, such person may apply to the department for and obtain special plates as may be issued under this chapter to dealers or others and may operate any said repossessed vehicle under such special plates only for purposes of transporting the same to a garage or warehouse or for purposes of demonstrating or selling the same: Provided, That the commissioner is authorized to transfer the plates and registration of a deceased person to his legal heir or legatee without payment of any fee and the legal heir or legatee may keep and use the same license plate until it regularly expires.Upon any transfer the new owner may secure a new registration and certificate of title upon proper application and upon presentation of the last certificate of title, if available, and such instruments or documents of authority or certified copies thereof as may be sufficient or required by law to evidence or effect a transfer of title or interest in or to chattels in such case. In the event title has become vested in the person or financial institution holding a lien or encumbrance upon said vehicle, such person or institution need not obtain a new registration of said vehicle or forward the certificate of title to the department in order to sell the vehicle, but the person or institution upon transfer of title or interest to another shall execute and acknowledge an assignment and warranty of title upon the certificate of title and deliver the same not later than sixty days from the date of sale to the purchaser. The person or institution holding a lien or encumbrance upon the vehicle who acquires the vehicle as a result of the lien or encumbrance and subsequently, within sixty days, sells the vehicle in satisfaction of the debt creating the lien or encumbrance, shall not be subject to any privilege tax or personal property tax on the vehicle imposed by any other section.
WV Code § 17A-4-6 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4. Transfers of Title or Interest|§17A-4-6. When Department to Register Vehicle and Issue New Certificate; File of Surrendered Certificates

The department upon receipt of a properly endorsed certificate of title and proper application for registration accompanied by the required fee and when satisfied as to the genuineness and regularity of said transfer and of the right of the transferee to a certificate of title shall reregister the vehicle as upon a new registration in the name of the new owner and issue a new certificate of title as upon an original application.The department shall retain and appropriately file every surrendered certificate of title, such file to be so maintained as to permit the tracing of title of the vehicles designated therein.
WV Code § 17A-4-7 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4. Transfers of Title or Interest|§17A-4-7. Release by Lienholder to Owner

A person holding a lien or encumbrance as shown upon a certificate of title upon a vehicle may release the lien or encumbrance or assign his or her interest to the owner without affecting the registration of the vehicle. The division, upon receiving an electronic acknowledgment of a release of lien from the lienholder or a certificate of title upon which a lienholder has released or assigned his or her interest to the owner or upon receipt of a certificate of title not so endorsed but accompanied by a legal release from a lienholder of this interest in or to a vehicle, shall issue a new certificate of title as upon an original application. The division, upon receiving an electronic acknowledgment of a release of lien from the lienholder shall issue, without further application or fee a new certificate of title free of any lien or encumbrance to the vehicle owner to the address shown in the division's records.
WV Code § 17A-4-8 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4. Transfers of Title or Interest|§17A-4-8. Failure to Deliver Certificate a Misdemeanor

It is a misdemeanor for any person to fail or neglect to properly endorse and deliver a certificate of title to a transferee or owner lawfully entitled thereto.
WV Code § 17A-4-9 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4. Transfers of Title or Interest|§17A-4-9. Owner After Transfer Not Liable for Negligent Operation

The owner of a motor vehicle who has made a bona fide sale or transfer of his title or interest and who has delivered possession of such vehicle and the certificate of title thereto properly endorsed to the purchaser or transferee shall not be liable for any damages thereafter resulting from negligent operation of such vehicle by another.
WV Code § 17A-4A-1 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-1. Certificate to Show Liens or Encumbrances

The division upon receiving an application for a certificate of title to a vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole trailer, factory-built home or recreational vehicle for which a certificate of title is required under article three of this chapter, all of which are hereinafter in this article referred to as vehicles, showing liens or encumbrances upon the vehicle, shall, upon issuing to the owner thereof a certificate of title therefor, show upon the face of the certificate of title all liens or encumbrances disclosed by the application. All liens or encumbrances shall be shown in the order of their priority being according to the information contained in the application. When an application shows liens and encumbrances, the information as evidence of the lien in connection therewith as the division may consider necessary shall also be furnished. The information shall include the name and address of the lienholder, the nature and kind of the lien, the date thereof and the amount thereby secured. However, only the name and address of the lienholder will be endorsed on the title certificate. Upon issuing the certificate, the division shall thereupon send or deliver it by either paper or electronic means to the holder of the first lien.
WV Code § 17A-4A-2 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-2. Liens and Encumbrances Subsequently Created

(a) Liens or encumbrances placed on vehicles by the voluntary act of the owner after the original issue of title to be properly recorded must be shown on the certificate of title. In such cases, the owner or lienholder shall file application with the department on a blank furnished for that purpose, setting forth the lien or liens and such information and evidence of the lien in connection therewith as the department may deem necessary. Such information shall include the name and address of the lienholder, the kind of and nature of the lien, the date thereof, and the amount thereby secured. However, only the name and address of the lienholder shall be endorsed on the title certificate with the endorsement of the fact of such lien as hereinafter provided. The department, if satisfied that it is proper that the same be recorded, and upon surrender of the certificate of title covering the vehicle, shall thereupon issue a new certificate of title, showing the liens or encumbrances in the order of their filing being according to the date, hour and minute of receipt by the department of the application for same. For the purpose of recording a subsequent lien on a certificate of title, the subsequent lienholder shall make a written request upon the lienholder in possession of the certificate of title, accompanied by proof of the existence of the subsequent lien, stating his or her need to have possession of the certificate of title for the purpose of having his or her lien recorded thereon by the Division of Motor Vehicles. Thereupon, the lienholder in possession of the certificate shall within a reasonable time, not to exceed ten days from the receipt of said written request, deliver the certificate of title to the requesting subsequent lienholder.Upon delivery of the certificate of title, the subsequent lienholder shall immediately forward it and the lienholder's own application to the Division of Motor Vehicles for the filing of the lien and for the recording of the same on the certificate of title. Upon issuing the new certificate, the department shall thereupon send or deliver it to the holder of the first lien.(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to: (1) Vehicles held as inventory for sale by a registered dealer holding title by assignment entered upon a certificate of title; or (2) vehicles for which certificates of title have been issued and are held as inventory for lease by a vehicle rental agency or similar person engaged solely in the business of leasing vehicles. Any lien or encumbrance placed on such vehicles by the voluntary act of the owner shall be created and perfected in accordance with the provisions of article nine, chapter forty-six of this code.
WV Code § 17A-4A-2a (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-2a. Electronic Transfer of Liens

(a) Notwithstanding any requirement in this chapter that a lien on a motor vehicle shall be noted on the face of the certificate of title, if there are one or more liens or encumbrance on a vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, pole trailer, factory-built home or recreational vehicle, the division may electronically transmit the lien to the first lienholder and notify the first lienholder of any additional liens. Subsequent lien satisfactions may be electronically transmitted to the division and shall include the name and address of the person satisfying the lien and any other information required by the division as a condition of participating in the electronic lien information exchange program.(b) The division may enter into agreements with a service provider or providers to administer the electronic exchange of lien information between dealers, financial institutions and the division. For the purposes of this section the term financial institutions shall have the same meaning as defined in section ten-b, article six of this chapter.(c) When electronic transmission of liens and lien satisfaction is used, a hard copy certificate of title need not be issued until the last lien is satisfied and a clear hard copy certificate of title is issued to the owner of the vehicle. When a vehicle is subject to an electronic lien, the certificate of title for the vehicle shall be considered to be physically held by the lienholder for the purpose of compliance with state and federal odometer disclosure requirements and for any other requirement of this code. A duly certified copy of the division's electronic record of the lien shall be admissible in any civil, criminal or administrative proceeding in this state as evidence of the existence of the lien.(d) For the purposes of this chapter, whenever reference is made by this code to the physical production of a certificate of title as a paper document, or reference to the completion of information related to recording a lien as a paper document, the reference shall be understood to also include the transmission and recordation of the information in an electronic format.
WV Code § 17A-4A-3 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-3. Notice of Lien; Noninventory Lien Created by Voluntary Act of the Owner Not Shown on Certificate of Title or Otherwise Perfected Void as to Subsequent Purchasers and Lien Creditors; Exceptions

(a) A certificate of title, when issued by the division showing a lien or encumbrance, shall be considered from and after the filing with the division of the application therefor or the notice of lien authorized in section four of this article adequate notice to the state and its agencies, boards and commissions, to the United States government and its agencies, boards and commissions, to creditors and to purchasers that a lien against the vehicle exists.(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this code to the contrary, and subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, any lien or encumbrance placed on a vehicle by the voluntary act of the owner shall be void as against: (i) Any lien creditor who, without knowledge of the lien, acquires by attachment, levy or otherwise a lien thereupon, unless the lien or encumbrance is noted on the certificate of title, a filed application for certificate of title or the notice of lien authorized in section four of this article; and (ii) any purchaser who, without knowledge of the lien or encumbrance, purchases the vehicle, unless the lien or encumbrance is noted on the certificate of title, a filed application for certificate of title or the notice of lien authorized in section four of this article: Provided, That a purchaser under this subsection who purchases the vehicle without knowledge of the lien or encumbrance and contemporaneously obtains actual physical possession of the vehicle and the certificate of title for the vehicle without the lien or encumbrance noted on the certificate of title, receives the vehicle free and clear of the lien or encumbrance.(c) The creation and perfection of a lien against: (1) A vehicle held as inventory for sale by a registered dealer holding title by assignment; or (2) a vehicle for which a certificate of title has been issued and is held as inventory for lease by a vehicle rental agency or similar person engaged solely in the business of leasing vehicles in accordance with the provisions of article nine, chapter forty-six of this code shall be deemed adequate notice to the state and its agencies, boards and commissions, to the United States government and its agencies, boards and commissions, to creditors and to purchasers that a lien against the vehicle exists, subject to the provisions of section three hundred seven, article nine, chapter forty-six of this code, except that any lien or encumbrance on such a vehicle shall not be effective against the rights of any purchaser for value who purchases the vehicle primarily for personal, family, household or agricultural purposes unless such lien or encumbrance is recorded on the certificate of title or specified on the bill of sale.
WV Code § 17A-4A-5 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-5. Priority of Liens Shown on Certificate

The liens shown upon a certificate of title issued by the department pursuant to applications for same shall have priority over any other liens against such vehicle, however created and recorded, except as otherwise provided in this article.
WV Code § 17A-4A-6 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-6. Who to Hold Certificate of Title Subject to Lien; Transfer of Possession Upon Satisfaction of Lien; Assignment of Obligation by Lien Holder

The certificate of title of such vehicle shall be delivered to the person, firm or corporation holding the first lien or encumbrance upon the vehicle and retained by him or them until the entire amount of his or their lien is fully paid. Thereupon the certificate of title shall be delivered to the next lien holder, and so on, or if none, then to the owner of the vehicle. It shall be the responsibility of each lienor upon the satisfaction of his lien to deliver said certificate of title to the lienor next entitled to the possession thereof and, if none to the owner, which acts of delivery may be accomplished through registered or certified mail addressed to the lienor or the owner entitled to such possession at his address as shown upon said certificate. In the event of assignment of the obligation by a lienholder who lawfully has possession of the certificate of title at the time of assignment, the lienholder shall deliver the certificate of title to his assignee who shall be entitled to hold the same until the obligation is satisfied, at which time the assignee shall deliver the certificate of title to the next lienholder, or if none, then to the owner of the vehicle. In the event of assignment of the obligation by a lienholder not entitled to possession of the certificate of title at the time of assignment, the lienholder shall immediately upon becoming lawfully entitled to, and obtaining lawful possession of, the certificate of title, deliver the same to his assignee who shall be entitled to hold the same until the obligation is satisfied, at which time the assignee shall deliver the certificate of title to the next lienholder, or if none, then to the owner of the vehicle.
WV Code § 17A-4A-7 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-7. Release of Lien or Encumbrance Shown on Certificate of Title

An owner upon securing the release of any lien or encumbrance upon a vehicle shown upon the certificate of title issued therefor may exhibit the document evidencing such release, signed by the person or persons making the release and acknowledged before a notary public or someone authorized by the laws of this state to take acknowledgments of deeds, and this document together with the certificate of title shall be returned to the division; or the lienholder may release the lien by endorsing across the lien in his or her favor on the face of the title or closely adjacent thereto the following words or words of similar effect or purport: "This lien, this day fully paid, satisfied and released, this day of ," and duly signing and executing said endorsement and acknowledging the same before a notary public and having the notary public execute a certificate of the acknowledgment in the form required for releasing deeds of trust in this state; or when it is impossible to secure either such release from the beneficiary or holder of the lien, the owner may exhibit to the division whatever evidence may be available showing that the debt secured has been satisfied, together with a statement by the owner under oath that the debt has been paid and the certificate of title to such vehicle. The division when satisfied as to the genuineness and regularity thereof shall issue to the owner either a new certificate of title in proper form or an endorsement or rider showing the release of the lien or encumbrance which the division shall attach to the outstanding certificate of title. For the purposes of this article, the term release shall mean either an electronic or paper transaction format.
WV Code § 17A-4A-8 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-8. Failure to Execute Release or to Surrender Certificate When Lien Paid

It shall be unlawful and constitute a misdemeanor for a lienor who holds a certificate of title either electronically or in a paper format as provided in this article to refuse or fail to execute a release as provided for in the next preceding section, or to refuse or fail to surrender the certificate of title to the person legally entitled thereto within fifteen days after the lien shall have been paid and satisfied.
WV Code § 17A-4A-10 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-10. Fee for Recording and Release of Lien

The Division of Motor Vehicles is hereby authorized to charge a fee of $10 for the recording of any lien either in an electronic or paper format created by the voluntary act of the owner and endorsing it upon the title certificate issued pursuant to this article. The Division of Motor Vehicles may adjust the fee for each lien recording every five years on September 1, based on the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics most current Consumer Price Index: Provided, That an increase in such fee may not exceed ten percent of the total fee amount in a single year. The Division of Motor Vehicles is hereby authorized to charge a fee of $10 for recordation of any release of a lien created by the voluntary act of the owner. The Division of Motor Vehicles may adjust the fee for each recording of a lien release every five years on September 1, based on the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics most current Consumer Price Index: Provided, That an increase in the fee may not exceed ten percent of the total fee amount in a single year: Provided, however, That no charge shall be made for the endorsement and recordation of liens or releases thereof as provided under section nine of this article. No charge shall be made for the issuance of a title to the owner of a vehicle upon the receipt of an electronic release of the final lien.The provisions of this section enacted in 2017 take effect on July 1, 2017.
WV Code § 17A-4A-11 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 17A. Motor Vehicle Administration, Registration, Certificate of Title, and Antitheft Provisions|Article 4A. Liens and Encumbrances on Vehicles to Be Shown on Certificate of Title; Notice to Creditors and Purchasers|§17A-4A-11. Article to Create No Cause of Action Against Lienor for Damage to Property or Injury to Person

The exercise by the lienor of the rights and privileges in this article given him shall not in and of itself give rise to a cause of action against such lienor for damages resulting from any act or omission of the registered and beneficial owner of the vehicle in said registered owner's dominion, ownership, use, operation or control thereof.