reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.106 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.106. Unconditional Promise or Order

Sec. 3.106.  UNCONDITIONAL PROMISE OR ORDER.  (a)  Except as provided in this section, for the purposes of Section 3.104(a), a promise or order is unconditional unless it states (i) an express condition to payment, (ii) that the promise or order is subject to or governed by another record, or (iii) that rights or obligations with respect to the promise or order are stated in another record.  A reference to another record does not of itself make the promise or order conditional.(b)  A promise or order is not made conditional (i) by a reference to another record for a statement of rights with respect to collateral, prepayment, or acceleration, or (ii) because payment is limited to resort to a particular fund or source.(c)  If a promise or order requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the promise or order, the condition does not make the promise or order conditional for the purposes of Section 3.104(a).  If the person whose specimen signature appears on an instrument fails to countersign the instrument, the failure to countersign is a defense to the obligation of the issuer, but the failure does not prevent a transferee of the instrument from becoming a holder of the instrument.(d)  If a promise or order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder contains a statement, required by applicable statutory or administrative law, to the effect that the rights of a holder or transferee are subject to claims or defenses that the issuer could assert against the original payee, the promise or order is not thereby made conditional for the purposes of Section 3.104(a);  but if the promise or order is an instrument, there cannot be a holder in due course of the instrument.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 95 (S.B. 1563), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.107 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.107. Instrument Payable in Foreign Money

Sec. 3.107.  INSTRUMENT PAYABLE IN FOREIGN MONEY.  Unless the instrument otherwise provides, an instrument that states the amount payable in foreign money may be paid in the foreign money or in an equivalent amount in dollars calculated by using the current bank-offered spot rate at the place of payment for the purchase of dollars on the day on which the instrument is paid.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.108 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.108. Payable on Demand or at Definite Time

Sec. 3.108.  PAYABLE ON DEMAND OR AT DEFINITE TIME.  (a)  A promise or order is "payable on demand" if it:(1)  states that it is payable on demand or at sight, or otherwise indicates that it is payable at the will of the holder;  or(2)  does not state any time of payment.(b)  A promise or order is "payable at a definite time" if it is payable on elapse of a definite period of time after sight or acceptance or at a fixed date or dates or at a time or times readily ascertainable at the time the promise or order is issued, subject to rights of:(1)  prepayment;(2)  acceleration;(3)  extension at the option of the holder;  or(4)  extension to a further definite time at the option of the maker or acceptor or automatically on or after a specified act or event.(c)  If an instrument, payable at a fixed date, is also payable on demand made before the fixed date, the instrument is payable on demand until the fixed date and, if demand for payment is not made before that date, becomes payable at a definite time on the fixed date.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.109 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.109. Payable to Bearer or to Order

Sec. 3.109.  PAYABLE TO BEARER OR TO ORDER.  (a)  A promise or order is payable to bearer if it:(1)  states that it is payable to bearer or to the order of bearer or otherwise indicates that the person in possession of the promise or order is entitled to payment;(2)  does not state a payee;  or(3)  states that it is payable to or to the order of cash or otherwise indicates that it is not payable to an identified person.(b)  A promise or order that is not payable to bearer is payable to order if it is payable (i) to the order of an identified person, or (ii) to an identified person or order.  A promise or order that is payable to order is payable to the identified person.(c)  An instrument payable to bearer may become payable to an identified person if it is specially indorsed pursuant to Section 3.205(a).  An instrument payable to an identified person may become payable to bearer if it is indorsed in blank pursuant to Section 3.205(b).|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.111 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.111. Place of Payment

Sec. 3.111.  PLACE OF PAYMENT.  Except as otherwise provided for items in Chapter 4, an instrument is payable at the place of payment stated in the instrument.  If no place of payment is stated, an instrument is payable at the address of the drawee or maker stated in the instrument.  If no address is stated, the place of payment is the place of business of the drawee or maker.  If a drawee or maker has more than one place of business, the place of payment is any place of business of the drawee or maker chosen by the person entitled to enforce the instrument.  If the drawee or maker has no place of business, the place of payment is the residence of the drawee or maker.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.112 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.112. Interest

Sec. 3.112.  INTEREST.  (a)  Unless otherwise provided in the instrument:(1)  an instrument is not payable with interest;  and(2)  interest on an interest-bearing instrument is payable from the date of the instrument.(b)  Interest may be stated in an instrument as a fixed or variable amount of money or it may be expressed as a fixed or variable rate or rates.  The amount or rate of interest may be stated or described in the instrument in any manner and may require reference to information not contained in the instrument.  If an instrument provides for interest, but the amount of interest payable cannot be ascertained from the description, interest is payable at the judgment rate in effect at the place of payment of the instrument and at the time interest first accrues, and the instrument shall not by virtue of this sentence be considered to violate the provisions of Title 4, Finance Code.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996;  Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 7.45, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.113 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.113. Date of Instrument

Sec. 3.113.  DATE OF INSTRUMENT.  (a)  An instrument may be antedated or postdated.  The date stated determines the time of payment if the instrument is payable at a fixed period after date.  Except as provided in Section 4.401(c), an instrument payable on demand is not payable before the date of the instrument.(b)  If an instrument is undated, its date is the date of its issue or, in the case of an unissued instrument, the date it first comes into possession of a holder.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.114 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.114. Contradictory Terms of Instrument

Sec. 3.114.  CONTRADICTORY TERMS OF INSTRUMENT.  If an instrument contains contradictory terms, typewritten terms prevail over printed terms, handwritten terms prevail over both, and words prevail over numbers.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.115 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.115. Incomplete Instrument

Sec. 3.115.  INCOMPLETE INSTRUMENT.  (a)  "Incomplete instrument" means a signed writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the contents of which show at the time of signing that it is incomplete but that the signer intended it to be completed by the addition of words or numbers.(b)  Subject to Subsection (c), if an incomplete instrument is an instrument under Section 3.104, it may be enforced according to its terms if it is not completed, or according to its terms as augmented by completion.  If an incomplete instrument is not an instrument under Section 3.104, but, after completion, the requirements of Section 3.104 are met, the instrument may be enforced according to its terms as augmented by completion.(c)  If words or numbers are added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer, there is an alteration of the incomplete instrument under Section 3.407.(d)  The burden of establishing that words or numbers were added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer is on the person asserting the lack of authority.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.116 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.116. Joint and Several Liability; Contribution

Sec. 3.116.  JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY;  CONTRIBUTION.  (a)  Except as otherwise provided in the instrument, two or more persons who have the same liability on an instrument as makers, drawers, acceptors, indorsers who indorse as joint payees, or anomalous indorsers are jointly and severally liable in the capacity in which they sign.(b)  Except as provided in Section 3.419(e) or by agreement of the affected parties, a party having joint and several liability who pays the instrument is entitled to receive from any party having the same joint and several liability contribution in accordance with applicable law.(c)  Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 95, Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2005.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 95 (S.B. 1563), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2005.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.117 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.117. Other Agreements Affecting Instrument

Sec. 3.117.  OTHER AGREEMENTS AFFECTING INSTRUMENT.  Subject to applicable law regarding exclusion of proof of contemporaneous or previous agreements, the obligation of a party to an instrument to pay the instrument may be modified, supplemented, or nullified by a separate agreement of the obligor and a person entitled to enforce the instrument, if the instrument is issued or the obligation is incurred in reliance on the agreement or as part of the same transaction giving rise to the agreement.  To the extent an obligation is modified, supplemented, or nullified by an agreement under this section, the agreement is a defense to the obligation.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.119 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter A. General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3.119. Notice of Right to Defend Action

Sec. 3.119.  NOTICE OF RIGHT TO DEFEND ACTION.  In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to this chapter or Chapter 4, the defendant may give the third person notice of the litigation in a record, and the person notified may then give similar notice to any other person who is answerable over.  If the notice states (i) that the person notified may come in and defend, and (ii) that failure to do so will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving the notice as to any determination of fact common to the two litigations, the person notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the person notified does come in and defend.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 95 (S.B. 1563), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.201 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter B. Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement|Section 3.201. Negotiation

Sec. 3.201.  NEGOTIATION.  (a)  "Negotiation" means a transfer of possession, whether voluntary or involuntary, of an instrument by a person other than the issuer to a person who thereby becomes its holder.(b)  Except for negotiation by a remitter, if an instrument is payable to an identified person, negotiation requires transfer of possession of the instrument and its indorsement by the holder.  If an instrument is payable to bearer, it may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.202 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter B. Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement|Section 3.202. Negotiation Subject to Rescission

Sec. 3.202.  NEGOTIATION SUBJECT TO RESCISSION.  (a)  Negotiation is effective even if obtained:(1)  from an infant, a corporation exceeding its powers, or a person without capacity;(2)  by fraud, duress, or mistake;  or(3)  in breach of duty or as part of an illegal transaction.(b)  To the extent permitted by other law, negotiation may be rescinded or may be subject to other remedies, but those remedies may not be asserted against a subsequent holder in due course or a person paying the instrument in good faith and without knowledge of facts that are a basis for rescission or other remedy.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.203 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter B. Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement|Section 3.203. Transfer of Instrument; Rights Acquired by Transfer

Sec. 3.203.  TRANSFER OF INSTRUMENT;  RIGHTS ACQUIRED BY TRANSFER.  (a)  An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to enforce the instrument.(b)  Transfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation, vests in the transferee any right of the transferor to enforce the instrument, including any right as a holder in due course.  The transferee cannot acquire rights of a holder in due course by a transfer, directly or indirectly, from a holder in due course if the transferee engaged in fraud or illegality affecting the instrument.(c)  Unless otherwise agreed, if an instrument is transferred for value and the transferee does not become a holder because of lack of indorsement by the transferor, the transferee has a specifically enforceable right to the unqualified indorsement of the transferor, but negotiation of the instrument does not occur until the indorsement is made.(d)  If a transferor purports to transfer less than the entire instrument, negotiation of the instrument does not occur.  The transferee obtains no rights under this chapter and has only the rights of a partial assignee.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.204 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter B. Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement|Section 3.204. Indorsement

Sec. 3.204.  INDORSEMENT.  (a)  "Indorsement" means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on an instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii) restricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring indorser's liability on the instrument, but regardless of the intent of the signer, a signature and its accompanying words is an indorsement unless the accompanying words, terms of the instrument, place of the signature, or other circumstances unambiguously indicate that the signature was made for a purpose other than indorsement.  For the purpose of determining whether a signature is made on an instrument, a paper affixed to the instrument is a part of the instrument.(b)  "Indorser" means a person who makes an indorsement.(c)  For the purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a holder, an indorsement that transfers a security interest in the instrument is effective as an unqualified indorsement of the instrument.(d)  If an instrument is payable to a holder under a name that is not the name of the holder, indorsement may be made by the holder in the name stated in the instrument or in the holder's name or both, but signature in both names may be required by a person paying or taking the instrument for value or collection.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.205 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter B. Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement|Section 3.205. Special Indorsement; Blank Indorsement; Anomalous Indorsement

Sec. 3.205.  SPECIAL INDORSEMENT;  BLANK INDORSEMENT;  ANOMALOUS INDORSEMENT.  (a)  If an indorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to an identified person or payable to bearer, and the indorsement identifies a person to whom it makes the instrument payable, it is a "special indorsement."  When specially indorsed, an instrument becomes payable to the identified person and may be negotiated only by the indorsement of that person.  The principles stated in Section 3.110 apply to special indorsements.(b)  If an indorsement is made by the holder of an instrument and it is not a special indorsement, it is a "blank indorsement."  When indorsed in blank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone until specially indorsed.(c)  The holder may convert a blank indorsement that consists only of a signature into a special indorsement by writing, above the signature of the indorser, words identifying the person to whom the instrument is made payable.(d)  "Anomalous indorsement" means an indorsement made by a person who is not the holder of the instrument.  An anomalous indorsement does not affect the manner in which the instrument may be negotiated.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.207 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter B. Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement|Section 3.207. Reacquisition

Sec. 3.207.  REACQUISITION.  Reacquisition of an instrument occurs if it is transferred to a former holder, by negotiation or otherwise.  A former holder who reacquires the instrument may cancel indorsements made after the reacquirer first became a holder of the instrument.  If the cancellation causes the instrument to be payable to the reacquirer or to bearer, the reacquirer may negotiate the instrument.  An indorser whose indorsement is canceled is discharged, and the discharge is effective against any subsequent holder.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.301 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter C. Enforcement of Instruments|Section 3.301. Person Entitled to Enforce Instrument

Sec. 3.301.  PERSON ENTITLED TO ENFORCE INSTRUMENT.  "Person entitled to enforce" an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to Section 3.309 or 3.418(d).  A person may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the instrument.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|
TX Bus & Com Code § 3.303 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Business and Commerce Code|Title 1 - Uniform Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subchapter C. Enforcement of Instruments|Section 3.303. Value and Consideration

Sec. 3.303.  VALUE AND CONSIDERATION.  (a)  An instrument is issued or transferred for value if:(1)  the instrument is issued or transferred for a promise of performance, to the extent the promise has been performed;(2)  the transferee acquires a security interest or other lien in the instrument other than a lien obtained by judicial proceeding;(3)  the instrument is issued or transferred as payment of, or as security for, an antecedent claim against any person, whether or not the claim is due;(4)  the instrument is issued or transferred in exchange for a negotiable instrument;  or(5)  the instrument is issued or transferred in exchange for the incurring of an irrevocable obligation to a third party by the person taking the instrument.(b)  "Consideration" means any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract.  The drawer or maker of an instrument has a defense if the instrument is issued without consideration.  If an instrument is issued for a promise of performance, the issuer has a defense to the extent performance of the promise is due and the promise has not been performed.  If an instrument is issued for value as stated in Subsection (a), the instrument is also issued for consideration.|Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 921, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.|