reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 236 § 43 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 43 - When Levy Considered Made

Section 43. A levy by set-off or sale shall be considered as made at the time when the land is taken, and the subsequent proceedings and the officer's return thereof shall be valid, although made after the return day or after the removal or other disability of the officer.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 44 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 44 - Service of Notice

Section 44. Notice to the debtor under this chapter may be served upon him personally or left at his last and usual place of abode. If the debtor does not reside within the precinct of the officer serving the execution, and is not found by him therein, such officer shall, in addition to any other service required by law, send by mail, postpaid and addressed to the debtor at his residence as described in the execution, a copy of any notice service of which upon him would be required if he were found within such precinct.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 45 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 45 - Fees and Charges

Section 45. The fees and charges of levying an execution shall be added to and considered as part of the amount due on the execution, in the setting off or sale of land on execution, in the redemption thereof and in everything relative to the proceedings under the execution.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 46 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 46 - Lands, etc., in Different Counties

Section 46. A levy upon lands in different counties or upon rights of redemption in such lands, under the same execution, may be made by an officer of any of such counties.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 47 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 47 - Time for Bringing Action for Possession

Section 47. If an execution is levied on land or rights the record title to which fraudulently stands in the name of a person other than the debtor and such other person is in possession claiming title thereto, the levy shall be void unless the judgment creditor to whom the land is set off or the purchaser at the sale or a person lawfully claiming under either of them commences his action to recover possession thereof within one year after the recording of the execution and return in the registry of deeds in the case of a levy by set-off or after the recording of the deed therein in the case of a levy by sale; and such land or rights so set off or sold may be redeemed by the defendant in said action or by any person lawfully claiming under him, within three months from the date of the judgment recovered in said action for possession, in the manner and according to the terms and conditions provided in section thirty-three upon payment of the costs of such action for possession.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 48 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 48 - Levy on Land Subject to Lien Not Allowed For

Section 48. If, after an execution has been levied by setting off land, there proves to be a mortgage or other lien on the land or an estate of homestead therein, not known or allowed for, or not fully allowed for, by the appraisers, the creditor shall nevertheless be entitled to hold the land by force of the execution, except the estate of homestead, as against the debtor, and may recover, in a new action against the debtor, the amount of the homestead estate or the amount which he may lawfully pay on account of such mortgage or other lien, or so much thereof as has not been deducted and allowed for in the estimate of the appraisers.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 49 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 49 - Levy on Right of Redeeming Land Taken on Execution

Section 49. The right of redeeming land taken on execution may be taken and sold on another execution, in like manner as the right of redeeming mortgaged land may be taken and sold; and the debtor and those claiming under him may redeem the right sold under such second execution in like manner as if the right so sold had been a right of redeeming mortgaged land. All proceedings in levying such second execution, the redemption of the right sold under it and all the rights and obligations of the several parties relative to such levy and redemption shall be substantially the same as if the right taken and sold on such second execution had been a right of redeeming mortgaged land.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 49a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 49a - Certain Levies Made Void by Operation of Law

Section 49A. If a levy on execution shall not have been completed by set-off under the provisions of sections six to twenty-three, inclusive, or by sale under the provisions of sections twenty-six to thirty, inclusive, within six years from the date on which notice of the execution was deposited in a registry of deeds under the provisions of section four, the levy if otherwise then valid shall be void as to any land within such registry district unless within said six-year period it shall be brought forward in such registry of deeds in the manner provided in section one hundred and fourteen A of chapter two hundred and twenty-three for bringing forward attachments of real estate. In case a levy becomes void under the provisions of this section the creditor may resort to any other legal remedy for the satisfaction of his judgment.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 50 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 50 - Waiver of Levy; Remedies

Section 50. If, before an execution which has been levied on land is returned and recorded, it appears that there is a defect or error in the proceedings which would defeat the levy, or that the land levied upon cannot be held thereby, the creditor may waive the levy, which shall thereupon be void, and resort to any other remedy for the satisfaction of his judgment.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 51 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 51 - Invalid Levy; Remedy

Section 51. If, after the return of an execution, it appears to the creditor that the land levied on, or any part thereof, cannot be held thereby, he may move the court which issued the execution to order the debtor to appear and show cause why another execution should not be issued on the same judgment, and the court may so order although there is a subsequent judgment for a part thereof not satisfied by the levy. If the debtor, after being duly summoned, does not show sufficient cause to the contrary, the levy of the former execution may be set aside and another execution issued for the amount then due on the original judgment and not included in a subsequent judgment, but without interest or further costs.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 52 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 52 - Procedure

Section 52. If at the hearing the court finds that a part only of the land levied on is held thereby, a warrant may be issued, if the creditor so requires, to an officer qualified to serve the execution, requiring him to cause the part held thereby to be appraised at its value when taken. The officer shall thereupon cause such appraisal to be made in the manner required upon the original levy, and, upon return of said warrant, the levy may be set aside so far as it relates to the part not held thereby, and, if duly recorded, shall be valid as to the remaining part. A new execution may thereupon be issued for the difference between the amount of the original appraisal of the land levied on and the amount of the appraisal of the part held by the levy, without interest or costs. If the court finds that the creditor in proceedings under this or the preceding section had no just cause for such action, the debtor shall recover costs.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 53 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 53 - Levy on Land of Deceased

Section 53. Land of a deceased person which has not been sold and conveyed, by deed duly recorded, by the executor or administrator of such deceased person under a license from the probate court or under a power of sale contained in the will of the deceased, may be taken on execution on a judgment against his executor or administrator for the debt of the deceased, for the costs of the action against him if the executor or administrator has not appeared therein, and for the fees and charges of the levy, and such land shall be appraised and set off or sold, in like manner as if execution had been levied against the deceased in his lifetime.
MA Gen L ch 236 § 54 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 236 - Levy of Executions on Land|Section 54 - Decedent's Land; Effect of Redemption

Section 54. Land taken as provided in the preceding section may be redeemed by the executor, administrator, heir or devisee of the deceased, or by any person lawfully claiming under him or them, in like manner as if the land had been taken on an execution against the deceased in his lifetime, and thereafter shall not be again taken on execution for any other debt of the deceased, nor be in any way liable therefor.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 1 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 1 - Estates Recoverable

Section 1. All estates of freehold in fee simple, fee tail or for life may be recovered in a civil action.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 2 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 2 - Action to Recover Freehold Estates Against Commonwealth

Section 2. A civil action to recover freehold estates in fee simple, fee tail or for life may be prosecuted against the commonwealth under this chapter.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 3 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 3 - Form of Declaration

Section 3. The plaintiff shall declare on his own seisin within twenty years then last past, without specifying any particular day, and shall allege a disseisin by the defendant, but need not aver a taking of the profits. He shall set forth the estate which he claims in the land whether in fee simple, fee tail or for life, and if the latter, whether for his own life or for the life of another, but he need not set forth the original gift, devise or other conveyance or title by which he claims the estate.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 4 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 4 - Actual Entry; Seisin; Proof; Right of Entry

Section 4. The plaintiff need not prove an actual entry under his title, but proof that he is entitled to such an estate as he claims in the land and that he has a right of entry therein shall be sufficient to prove his seisin. No such action shall be maintained unless the plaintiff has at the time of commencing his action a right of entry into the land demanded.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 5 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 5 - Manner of Prosecuting Action

Section 5. Such action shall be prosecuted in the same manner as if the plaintiff, at the time of commencing the action, had made an actual entry on the land demanded and had been immediately ousted by the defendant. In a trial upon the general issue, if the plaintiff proves that he is entitled to the estate set forth in the complaint and that he had a right of entry on the day when the action was commenced, he shall recover the land unless the defendant proves a better title in himself.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 6 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 6 - Disseisors

Section 6. A person in possession of land demanded in a civil action, claiming an estate of freehold therein, may be considered as a disseisor for the purpose of trying the right, irrespective of the manner of his original entry therein.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 7 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 7 - Actual Ouster; Effect

Section 7. If the person in possession has actually ousted the plaintiff or withheld from him the possession of the land, he may, at the election of the plaintiff, be considered as a disseisor for the purpose of trying the right, although he claims an estate less than a freehold.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 8 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 8 - Joint Tenants; Tenants in Common; Actions

Section 8. Joint tenants or tenants in common may join in a civil action for the recovery of land, or any one of them may sue alone for his share.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 9 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 9 - Laws and Rules Governing

Section 9. The law and practice relative to pleadings and evidence in a writ of entry upon disseisin, as heretofore recognized and established, shall continue in force, except as altered by this chapter and chapters one hundred and eighty-five and two hundred and thirty-one and by the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 10 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 10 - Pleas in Answer

Section 10. Non-tenure, disclaimer, several tenancy and sole tenancy may be pleaded in answer.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 11 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 11 - Parts or Portions Recoverable

Section 11. The plaintiff may recover any specific part or undivided portion of the land to which he proves a sufficient title, although less than demanded in the complaint.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 12 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 12 - Rents; Profits; Destruction or Waste

Section 12. If the plaintiff recovers judgment, he shall recover in the same action, subject to the limitations provided in this chapter, damages for rents and profits of the land from the time when his title accrued and for any destruction or waste of the buildings or other property for which the defendant is liable.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 13 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 13 - Measure of Damages

Section 13. Rents and profits for which the defendant is liable shall be the clear annual value of the land while he was in possession thereof, after deducting all lawful taxes and assessments on the land paid by him and all necessary and ordinary expenses of cultivating the land or collecting rents, profits or income thereof.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 14 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 14 - Use of Improvements Not Element of Damages

Section 14. In determining rents and profits, the value of the use by the defendant of any improvements made by him or by those under whom he claims shall be excluded.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 15 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 15 - Limitation of Defendant's Liability

Section 15. The defendant shall not be liable for rents and profits for any time more than six years prior to the commencement of the action or for waste or damage committed before said six years, unless rents and profits are allowed to diminish the defendant's recovery upon his counterclaim for improvements under section twenty-seven.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 16 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 16 - Improvements

Section 16. If the land demanded has been actually held and possessed by the defendant and by those under whom he claims for six years next before the commencement of the action, he shall, if judgment is against him, be entitled to compensation as hereinafter provided for the value of any buildings or improvements made or erected on the land by him or by any person under whom he claims.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 17 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 17 - Possession Under Supposedly Good Title; Effect

Section 17. The defendant shall also be entitled to like compensation although the land has not been so held for six years, if he holds it under a title which he had reason to believe good.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 18 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 18 - Counterclaim

Section 18. The defendant may interpose a counterclaim for the value of such improvements.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 20 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 20 - Limitation of Allowances

Section 20. The amount recovered by the defendant upon such counterclaim shall not exceed the amount actually expended by the defendant and those under whom he claims, nor shall it exceed the amount by which the value of the land is actually increased thereby as assessed at the time of the action.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 21 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 21 - Court Assessments; Postponements

Section 21. Except as provided in sections twenty-two to twenty-four, inclusive, and in section twenty-six, if there is a trial in the land court, it shall at the same time assess the amounts due the plaintiff for rents and profits or other damages, if any, and shall determine the amount to be allowed to the defendant for improvements, if any, and also, if duly required, the value of the plaintiff's estate, unless, on its own motion or that of either party, made before its finding or decision on the title is recorded, it postpones such assessment or determination until after its trial of the title and its finding or decision thereon.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 22 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 22 - Jury Assessments; Postponements

Section 22. If trial by jury shall be demanded and if issues therefor are to be framed to obtain an assessment of the amounts due to the plaintiff for rents and profits or other damages, or a determination of the amount to be allowed to the defendant for improvements, or of the value of the plaintiff's estate, the land court, on its own motion, or on that of either party, made at any time before the papers required by section fifteen of chapter one hundred and eighty-five have been entered in the superior court, may postpone such issues until after its trial of the title and its findings or decision thereon. In such case said court shall order that the procedure provided by section fifteen of chapter one hundred and eighty-five be suspended pending its further order under section twenty-three.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 23 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 23 - Resumption of Procedure for Assessment by Jury

Section 23. If issues are postponed under the preceding section, and if, on its trial of the title, the land court shall make a finding or decision in favor of the plaintiff, that court shall, on motion of either party, made before its finding or decision on the title is recorded, order that the procedure provided by section fifteen of chapter one hundred and eighty-five be resumed, except that the papers required by said section fifteen shall be entered in the superior court for the county where the land lies within thirty days after such order.
MA Gen L ch 237 § 24 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title III - Remedies Relating to Real Property|Chapter 237 - Writs of Entry|Section 24 - Waiver of Jury Trial

Section 24. If issues have been postponed under section twenty-two, and if, after a finding or decision in favor of the plaintiff on the title, no motion under section twenty-three is seasonably made, that the procedure provided by section fifteen of chapter one hundred and eighty-five be resumed, jury trial on such postponed issues shall be deemed to be waived, and such assessment or determinations shall be made as provided in section twenty-one or twenty-five.