reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
KS Stat § 60-458 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-458 Expert opinion or inference; facts or data relied upon, admissibility.

60-458. Expert opinion or inference; facts or data relied upon, admissibility. The facts or data in the particular case upon which an expert bases an opinion or inference may be those perceived by or made known to the expert. If of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in the particular field in forming opinions or inferences upon the subject, the facts or data need not be admissible into evidence in order for the opinion or inference to be admitted. Facts or data that are otherwise inadmissible shall not be disclosed to the jury by the proponent of the opinion or inference unless the court determines that the probative value of such facts or data in assisting the jury to evaluate the expert's opinion substantially outweighs any prejudicial effect.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-458; L. 2014, ch. 84, § 4; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-459 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-459 Definitions.

60-459. Definitions. As used in K.S.A. 60-460, its exceptions and in this section:(a) "Statement" means not only an oral or written expression but also nonverbal conduct of a person intended by him or her as a substitute for words in expressing the matter stated.(b) "Declarant" is a person who makes a statement.(c) "Perceive" means acquire knowledge through one's own senses.(d) "Public official" of a state or territory of the United States includes an official of a political subdivision of such state or territory and of a municipality.(e) "State" includes the District of Columbia.(f) "A business" as used in exception K.S.A. 60-460 (m) shall include every kind of business, profession, occupation, calling or operation of institutions, whether carried on for profit or not.(g) "Unavailable as a witness" includes situations where the witness is (1) exempted on the ground of privilege from testifying concerning the matter to which his or her statement is relevant, or (2) disqualified from testifying to the matter, or (3) unable to be present or to testify at the hearing because of death or then existing physical or mental illness, or (4) absent beyond the jurisdiction of the court to compel appearance by its process, or (5) absent from the place of hearing because the proponent of his or her statement does not know and with diligence has been unable to ascertain his or her whereabouts.But a witness is not unavailable (1) if the judge finds that his or her exemption, disqualification, inability or absence is due to procurement or wrongdoing of the proponent of his or her statement for the purpose of preventing the witness from attending or testifying, or to the culpable neglect of such party, or (2) if unavailability is claimed under clause (4) of the preceding paragraph and the judge finds that the deposition of the declarant could have been taken by the exercise of reasonable diligence and without undue hardship, and that the probable importance of the testimony is such as to justify the expense of taking such deposition.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-459; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-461 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-461 Discretion of judge under exception to exclude evidence.

60-461. Discretion of judge under exception to exclude evidence. Any writing admissible under exceptions (o), (p), (q) and (ee) of K.S.A. 60-460, and amendments thereto, shall be received only if the party offering such writing has delivered a copy of it or so much as may relate to the controversy, to each adverse party a reasonable time before trial unless the judge finds that such adverse party has not been unfairly surprised by the failure to deliver such copy.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-461; L. 1988, ch. 211, § 10; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-462 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-462 Credibility of declarant.

60-462. Credibility of declarant. Evidence of a statement or other conduct by a declarant inconsistent with a statement received in evidence under an exception to K.S.A. 60-460, is admissible for the purpose of discrediting the declarant, though he or she had no opportunity to deny or explain such inconsistent statement. Any other evidence tending to impair or support the credibility of the declarant is admissible if it would have been admissible had the declarant been a witness.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-462; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-463 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-463 Multiple hearsay.

60-463. Multiple hearsay. A statement within the scope of an exception to K.S.A. 60-460 shall not be inadmissible on the ground that it includes a statement made by another declarant and is offered to prove the truth of the included statement if such included statement itself meets the requirements of an exception.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-463; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-464 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-464 Authentication or identification of evidence; examples.

60-464. Authentication or identification of evidence; examples. (a) In general. To satisfy the requirement of authenticating or identifying an item of evidence, the proponent must produce evidence sufficient to support a finding that the item is what the proponent claims it is.(b) Examples. The following are examples only, not a complete list, of evidence that satisfies the requirement:(1) Testimony of a witness with knowledge. Testimony that an item is what it is claimed to be.(2) Nonexpert opinion about handwriting. A nonexpert's opinion that handwriting is genuine, based on a familiarity with it that was not acquired for the current litigation.(3) Comparison by an expert witness or the trier of fact. A comparison with an authenticated specimen by an expert witness or the trier of fact.(4) Distinctive characteristics and the like. The appearance, contents, substance, internal patterns or other distinctive characteristics of the item, taken together with all the circumstances.(5) Opinion about a voice. An opinion identifying a person's voice, whether heard firsthand or through mechanical or electronic transmission or recording, based on hearing the voice at any time under circumstances that connect it with the alleged speaker.(6) Evidence about a telephone conversation. For a telephone conversation, evidence that a call was made to the number assigned at the time to:(A) A particular person, if circumstances, including self-identification, show that the person answering was the one called; or(B) a particular business, if the call was made to a business and the call related to business reasonably transacted over the telephone.(7) Evidence about public records. Evidence that:(A) A document was recorded or filed in a public office as authorized by law; or(B) a purported public record or statement is from the office where items of this kind are kept.(8) Evidence about ancient documents or data compilations. For a document or data compilation, evidence that it:(A) Is in a condition that creates no suspicion about its authenticity;(B) was in a place where, if authentic, it would likely be; and(C) is at least 30 years old when offered.(9) Evidence about a process or system. Evidence describing a process or system and showing that it produces an accurate result.(10) Methods provided by a statute or rule. Any method of authentication or identification allowed by law or a rule prescribed by the supreme court.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-464; L. 2021, ch. 65, § 2; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-465a (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-465a Reproductions of original court records deemed same as original record; certified copy as evidence.

60-465a. Reproductions of original court records deemed same as original record; certified copy as evidence. The photographs, microphotographs or photographic film or prints or reproductions of the original records as authorized in K.S.A. 20-159 and amendments thereto shall be deemed to be an original record for all purposes, and may be used as evidence in all courts or administrative agencies. A copy thereof, certified in writing by the person designated by the chief judge of the judicial district as having custody of such reproduction, may be used as evidence in all courts or administrative agencies.History: L. 1977, ch. 104, § 3; L. 1999, ch. 57, § 53; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-466 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-466 Certificate of lack of record.

60-466. Certificate of lack of record. A writing admissible under exception (o) (2) of K.S.A. 60-460 is authenticated in the same manner as is provided in K.S.A. 60-465.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-466; L. 1999, ch. 49, § 1; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-468 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-468 Proof of attested writings.

60-468. Proof of attested writings. When the execution of an attested writing is in issue, whether or not attestation is a statutory requisite of its effective execution, no attester is a necessary witness even though all attesters are available unless the statute requiring attestation specifically provides otherwise.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-468; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-469 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-469 Proving content of business and public records.

60-469. Proving content of business and public records. The content of any admissible writing made in the regular course of "a business" as defined by K.S.A. 60-459, and amendments thereto, or in the regular course of duty of any "public official" as defined by K.S.A. 60-459, and amendments thereto, may be proved by a nonerasable optical image reproduction provided that additions, deletions or changes to the original document are not permitted by the technology, or a photostatic, microfilm, microcard, miniature photographic or other photographic copy or reproduction or by an enlargement thereof, when duly authenticated, if it was in the regular course of such business or official activity to make and preserve such copies or reproductions as a part of the records of such business or office. The introduction of such copy, reproduction or enlargement does not preclude admission of the original writing if it is still in existence.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-469; L. 1994, ch. 60, § 1; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-470 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-470 Title.

60-470. Title. The rules contained in this article 4 may be known and cited as the rules of evidence.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-470; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-472 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-472 Photographs of property wrongfully taken.

60-472. Photographs of property wrongfully taken. In any prosecution for a crime involving the wrongful taking of property, photographs of the property alleged to have been wrongfully taken may be deemed competent evidence of such property and may be admissible in the prosecution to the same extent as if such property had been introduced as evidence. Such photographs may be admitted into evidence if they meet the foundation requirements under the rules of evidence.History: L. 1979, ch. 182, § 1; L. 1980, ch. 173, § 1; L. 2005, ch. 172, § 1; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-480 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-480 Journalist privilege; definitions.

60-480. Journalist privilege; definitions. As used in K.S.A. 2021 Supp. 60-480 through 60-485, and amendments thereto:(a) "Journalist" means: (1) A publisher, editor, reporter or other person employed by a newspaper, magazine, news wire service, television station or radio station who gathers, receives or processes information for communication to the public; or (2) an online journal in the regular business of newsgathering and disseminating news or information to the public.(b) "Information" means any information gathered, received or processed by a journalist, whether or not such information is actually published, and whether or not related information has been disseminated, and includes, but is not limited to, all notes, outtakes, photographs, tapes and other recordings or other data of whatever sort that is gathered by a journalist in the process of gathering, receiving or processing information for communication to the public.(c) "Acting as a journalist" means a journalist who is engaged in activities that are part of such journalist's gathering, receiving or processing information for communication to the public.History: L. 2010, ch. 114, § 1; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-481 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-481 Journalist privilege.

60-481. Journalist privilege. Except as provided in K.S.A. 2021 Supp. 60-482, and amendments thereto, a journalist cannot be adjudged in contempt by a judicial, legislative, administrative body or any other body having the power to issue subpoenas, for refusing to disclose, in any state or local proceeding, any information or the source of any such information procured while acting as a journalist.History: L. 2010, ch. 114, § 2; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-482 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-482 Same; compelled disclosure.

60-482. Same; compelled disclosure. (a) A journalist may not be compelled to disclose any previously undisclosed information or the source of any such information procured while acting as a journalist until the party seeking to compel the disclosure establishes by a preponderance of the evidence in district court that the disclosure sought:(1) Is material and relevant to the proceeding for which the disclosure is sought;(2) could not, after a showing of reasonable effort, be obtained by readily available alternative means; and(3) is of a compelling interest.(b) For purposes of this section, a "compelling interest" is evidence likely to be admissible and has probative value that is likely to outweigh any harm done to the free dissemination of information to the public through the activities of journalists, which includes, but is not limited to:(1) The prevention of a certain miscarriage of justice; or(2) an imminent act that would result in death or great bodily harm.Interests that are not compelling include, but are not limited to, those of parties whose litigation lacks sufficient grounds, is abusive or is brought in bad faith.History: L. 2010, ch. 114, § 3; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-483 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-483 Same; hearing; disclosure.

60-483. Same; hearing; disclosure. The party claiming the privilege and the party seeking to compel disclosure shall be entitled to a hearing. After such hearing, the court may conduct an in camera inspection to determine if such disclosure is admissible. If the court then specifically finds that such disclosure is admissible and that its probative value outweighs any harm to the free dissemination of information to the public through the activities of journalists, then the court shall direct production of such disclosure and such disclosure only.History: L. 2010, ch. 114, § 4; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-484 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-484 Same; costs and attorney fees.

60-484. Same; costs and attorney fees. If the court finds that the party seeking to compel disclosure had no reasonable basis to request such disclosure, the court may assess costs and attorney fees against the party seeking to compel disclosure. If the court finds that the party claiming the privilege had no reasonable basis to claim such privilege, the court may assess costs and attorney fees against the party claiming the privilege. If an application for attorney fees is made, the judge shall set forth the reasons for awarding or denying such costs or fees.History: L. 2010, ch. 114, § 5; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-485 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-485 Same; rights and privileges in addition to others.

60-485. Same; rights and privileges in addition to others. The rights and privileges provided by this act are in addition to any other rights guaranteed by the constitutions of the United States or the state of Kansas. The provisions of K.S.A. 2021 Supp. 60-480 through 60-485, and amendments thereto, shall not be construed to create or imply any limitation on or to otherwise affect a privilege guaranteed by the constitutions of the United States or the state of Kansas.History: L. 2010, ch. 114, § 6; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-501 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-501 Scope.

60-501. Scope. The provisions of this article govern the limitation of time for commencing civil actions, except where a different limitation is specifically provided by statute.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-501; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-503 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-503 Adverse possession.

60-503. Adverse possession. No action shall be maintained against any person for the recovery of real property who has been in open, exclusive and continuous possession of such real property, either under a claim knowingly adverse or under a belief of ownership, for a period of fifteen (15) years. This section shall not apply to any action commenced within one (1) year after the effective date of this act.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-503; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-504 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-504 Execution sale.

60-504. Execution sale. No action shall be maintained for the recovery of real property, by the execution debtor, his or her heirs, or any person claiming under him or her by title acquired after the date of judgment, after five (5) years from the date of the recording of the deed made in pursuance of the sale.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-504; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-505 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-505 Sales by executors, administrators or conservators.

60-505. Sales by executors, administrators or conservators. No action shall be maintained for recovery of real property sold by executors, administrators or conservators, upon an order or judgment of a court directing such sale, brought by the heirs or devisees of the deceased person, or the conservatee or his or her conservator, or any person claiming under any or either of them by after acquired title, after five (5) years from the date of the recording of the deed made in pursuance of the sale.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-505; L. 1965, ch. 354, § 10; Jan. 1, 1966.
KS Stat § 60-506 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-506 Forcible entry and detention.

60-506. Forcible entry and detention. No action shall be maintained for forcible entry and detention, or for forcible detention only, of real property, after two (2) years from the time the cause of action accrued.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-506; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-507 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-507 Unspecified real property actions.

60-507. Unspecified real property actions. No action shall be maintained for the recovery of real property or for the determination of any adverse claim or interest therein, not provided for in this article, after fifteen (15) years from the time the cause of action accrued.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-507; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-508 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-508 Persons under legal disabilities.

60-508. Persons under legal disabilities. (a) Effect. If any person entitled to bring an action for the recovery of real property or for the determination of any adverse claim or interest therein be, at the time the cause of action accrued, or at any time during the period the statute of limitations is running, within the age of eighteen (18) years, or an incapacitated person, or imprisoned for a term less than his or her natural life, such person shall be entitled to bring such action within two (2) years after the disability is removed; but no such action shall be maintained by or on behalf of any person under the disabilities specified after twenty-three (23) years from the time the cause of action shall have accrued. The provisions of this subsection as it was constituted prior to the effective date of this act shall continue in force and effect with respect to any person who was at least eighteen (18) years of age and not more than twenty-one (21) years of age on the effective date of this act.(b) Death of person under disability. If any person entitled to bring such action dies during the continuance of any disability specified in subsection (a) of this section and no determination be had of the title, claim, interest, or action to such person accrued, his or her heirs, or any person entitled to claim, from, by or under him or her, may commence such action after the time specified as a limitation, and within two (2) years after his or her death, but not after that period.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-508; L. 1965, ch. 354, § 11; L. 1972, ch. 161, § 14; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-509 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-509 Real property actions excepted.

60-509. Real property actions excepted. Nothing contained in any statutes of limitations shall be applicable to any real property given, granted, sequestered or appropriated to any public use, or to any lands belonging to this state.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-509; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-510 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-510 Effect of limitations prescribed.

60-510. Effect of limitations prescribed. Civil actions, other than for the recovery of real property, can only be commenced within the period prescribed in the following sections of this article, after the cause of action shall have accrued.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-510; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-511 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-511 Actions limited to five years.

60-511. Actions limited to five years. The following actions shall be brought within five (5) years: (1) An action upon any agreement, contract or promise in writing.(2) An action brought on any covenant of seizin contained in any deed of conveyance of land.(3) An action brought on a covenant of warranty contained in any deed of conveyance of land, after there shall have been a final decision against the title of the covenantor in such deed.(4) An action upon the official bond or undertaking of an executor, administrator, conservator, sheriff, or any other officer, or upon the bond or undertaking given in attachment, injunction, arrest, or in any case required by statute.(5) An action for relief, other than the recovery of real property not provided for in this article.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-511; L. 1965, ch. 354, § 12; Jan. 1, 1966.
KS Stat § 60-512 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 5 - Limitations Of Actions|60-512 Actions limited to three years.

60-512. Actions limited to three years. The following actions shall be brought within three (3) years: (1) All actions upon contracts, obligations or liabilities expressed or implied but not in writing. (2) An action upon a liability created by a statute other than a penalty or forfeiture.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-512; Jan. 1, 1964.