CO Code § 4-7-210 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 7 - Documents of Title|Part 2 - Warehouse Receipts - Special Provisions|§ 4-7-210. Enforcement of Warehouse's Lien

  Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, a warehouse's lien may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in packages, at any time or place and on any terms that are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. The notification must include a statement of the amount due, the nature of the proposed sale, and the time and place of any public sale. The fact that a better price could have been obtained by a sale at a different time or in a method different from that selected by the warehouse is not of itself sufficient to establish that the sale was not made in a commercially reasonable manner. The warehouse sells in a commercially reasonable manner if the warehouse sells the goods in the usual manner in any recognized market therefore, sells at the price current in that market at the time of the sale, or otherwise sells in conformity with commercially reasonable practices among dealers in the type of goods sold. A sale of more goods than apparently necessary to be offered to ensure satisfaction of the obligation is not commercially reasonable, except in cases covered by the preceding sentence.    A warehouse may enforce its lien on goods, other than goods stored by a merchant in the course of its business, only if the following requirements are satisfied:   All persons known to claim an interest in the goods are notified.    The notification includes an itemized statement of the claim, a description of the goods subject to the lien, a demand for payment within a specified time not less than ten days after receipt of the notification, and a conspicuous statement that unless the claim is paid within that time, the goods will be advertised for sale and sold by auction at a specified time and place.    The sale conforms to the terms of the notification.    The sale is held at the nearest suitable place to where the goods are held or stored.    After the expiration of the time given in the notification, an advertisement of the sale must be published once a week for two weeks consecutively in a newspaper of general circulation where the sale is to be held. The advertisement must include a description of the goods, the name of the person on whose account the goods are being held, and the time and place of the sale. The sale must take place at least fifteen days after the first publication. If there is no newspaper of general circulation where the sale is to be held, the advertisement must be posted at least ten days before the sale in not fewer than six conspicuous places in the neighborhood of the proposed sale.       Before any sale held pursuant to this section, any person claiming a right in the goods may pay the amount necessary to satisfy the lien and the reasonable expenses incurred in complying with this section. In that event, the goods may not be sold but must be retained by the warehouse subject to the terms of the receipt and this article.    A warehouse may buy at any public sale held pursuant to this section.    A purchaser in good faith of goods sold to enforce a warehouse's lien takes the goods free of any rights of persons against which the lien was valid, despite the warehouse's noncompliance with this section.    A warehouse may satisfy its lien from the proceeds of any sale pursuant to this section but shall hold the balance, if any, for delivery on demand to any person to which the warehouse would have been bound to deliver the goods.    The rights provided by this section are in addition to all other rights allowed by law to a creditor against a debtor.    If a lien is on goods stored by a merchant in the course of its business, the lien may be enforced in accordance with subsection (a) or (b) of this section.    A warehouse is liable for damages caused by failure to comply with the requirements for sale under this section and, in case of willful violation, is liable for conversion.     History. Source: L. 2006: Entire article R&RE, p. 477, § 2, effective September 1. L. 2007: (a), IP(b), and (b)(5) amended, p. 368, § 10, effective August 3.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 4-7-210 as it existed prior to 2006.   OFFICIAL COMMENT   Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: Former Section 7-210.   Changes: Update to accommodate electronic commerce and for style.   Purposes:   1. Subsection (a) makes “commercial reasonableness” the standard for foreclosure proceedings in all cases except non-commercial storage with a warehouse. The latter category embraces principally storage of household goods by private owners; and for such cases the detailed provisions as to notification, publication and public sale are retained in subsection (b) with one change. The requirement in former Section 7-210(2)(b) that the notification must be sent in person or by registered or certified mail has been deleted. Notification may be sent by any reasonable means as provided in Section 1-202. The swifter, more flexible procedure of subsection (a) is appropriate to commercial storage. Compare seller's power of resale on breach by buyer under the provisions of the Article on Sales (Section 2-706). Commercial reasonableness is a flexible concept that allows for a wide variety of actions to satisfy the rule of this section, including electronic means of posting and sale.   2. The provisions of subsections (d) and (e) permitting the bailee to bid at public sales and confirming the title of purchasers at foreclosure sales are designed to secure more bidding and better prices and remain unchanged from former Section 7-210.   3. A warehouses may have recourse to an interpleader action in appropriate circumstances. See Section 7-603.   4. If a warehouse has both a warehouse lien and a security interest, the warehouse may enforce both the lien and the security interest simultaneously by using the procedures of Article 9. Section 7-210 adopts as its touchstone “commercial reasonableness” for the enforcement of a warehouse lien. Following the procedures of Article 9 satisfies “commercial reasonableness.”   Cross Reference: Sections 2-706, 7-403, 7-603 and Part 6 of Article 9.   Definitional Cross References:   “Bill of lading”. Section 1-201.   “Conspicuous”. Section 1-201.   “Creditor”. Section 1-201.   “Delivery”. Section 1-201.   “Document of Title”. Section 1-201.   “Good faith”. Section 1-201 [7-102].   “Goods”. Section 7-102.   “Notification”. Section 1-202.   “Notifies”. Section 1-202.   “Person”. Section 1-201.   “Purchaser”. Section 1-201.   “Rights”. Section 1-201.   “Term”. Section 1-201.   “Warehouse”. Section 7-102.   ANNOTATION   For the liability of a warehouseman for failure to follow statutory procedures for enforcement of a lien under prior law, see Schmidt v. Cowan Transfer and Storage Co., 170 Colo. 550 , 463 P.2d 445 (decided prior to the 2006 repeal and reenactment).