reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MT Code § 27-8-202 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 2. Availability of Declaratory Judgments|27-8-202. Who may obtain declaratory judgment

  27-8-202. Who may obtain declaratory judgment. Any person interested under a deed, will, written contract, or other writings constituting a contract or whose rights, status, or other legal relations are affected by a statute, municipal ordinance, contract, or franchise may have determined any question of construction or validity arising under the instrument, statute, ordinance, contract, or franchise and obtain a declaration of rights, status, or other legal relations thereunder.   History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.2, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8902.
MT Code § 27-8-203 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 2. Availability of Declaratory Judgments|27-8-203. When contract may be construed

  27-8-203. When contract may be construed. A contract may be construed either before or after there has been a breach thereof.   History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.3, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8903.
MT Code § 27-8-204 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 2. Availability of Declaratory Judgments|27-8-204. Declarations concerning administration of trusts and estates

  27-8-204. Declarations concerning administration of trusts and estates. A person interested as or through an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, other fiduciary, creditor, devisee, heir, or cestui que trust in the administration of a trust or of the estate of a decedent, minor, person committed pursuant to 53-21-127, or insolvent person may have a declaration of rights or legal relations:   (1) to ascertain any class of creditors, devisees, heirs, or others;   (2) to direct the executors, administrators, or trustees to do or abstain from doing a particular act in their fiduciary capacity; or   (3) to determine a question arising in the administration of the estate or trust, including questions of construction of wills and other writings.   History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.4, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8904; amd. Sec. 32, Ch. 12, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 490, L. 1997.
MT Code § 27-8-205 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 2. Availability of Declaratory Judgments|27-8-205. Enumeration not restrictive of general powers

  27-8-205. Enumeration not restrictive of general powers. The enumeration in 27-8-202 through 27-8-204 does not limit or restrict the exercise of the general powers conferred in 27-8-201 in any proceeding where declaratory relief is sought in which a judgment or decree will terminate the controversy or remove an uncertainty.   History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.5, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8905.
MT Code § 27-8-206 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 2. Availability of Declaratory Judgments|27-8-206. Court's discretion to refuse to render judgment

  27-8-206. Court's discretion to refuse to render judgment. The court may refuse to render or enter a declaratory judgment or decree where such judgment or decree, if rendered or entered, would not terminate the uncertainty or controversy giving rise to the proceeding.   History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.6, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8906.
MT Code § 27-8-301 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 3. Procedure|27-8-301. Necessary parties

  27-8-301. Necessary parties. When declaratory relief is sought, all persons shall be made parties who have or claim any interest which would be affected by the declaration, and no declaration shall prejudice the rights of persons not parties to the proceeding. In any proceeding which involves the validity of a municipal ordinance or franchise, such municipality shall be made a party and shall be entitled to be heard, and if the statute, ordinance, or franchise is alleged to be unconstitutional, the attorney general of the state shall also be served with a copy of the proceeding and be entitled to be heard.   History: En. Sec. 11, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.11, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8911.
MT Code § 27-8-302 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 3. Procedure|27-8-302. Jury trial

  27-8-302. Jury trial. When a proceeding under this chapter involves the determination of an issue of fact, such issue may be tried and determined in the same manner as issues of fact are tried and determined in other civil actions in the court in which the proceeding is pending.   History: En. Sec. 9, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.9, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8909.
MT Code § 27-8-303 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 3. Procedure|27-8-303. through 27-8-310 reserved

  27-8-303 through 27-8-310 reserved.
MT Code § 27-8-311 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 3. Procedure|27-8-311. Costs

  27-8-311. Costs. In any proceeding under this chapter the court may make such award of costs as may seem equitable and just.   History: En. Sec. 10, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.10, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8910.
MT Code § 27-8-312 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 3. Procedure|27-8-312. Review of orders and judgments

  27-8-312. Review of orders and judgments. All orders, judgments, and decrees under this chapter may be reviewed as other orders, judgments, and decrees.   History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.7, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8907.
MT Code § 27-8-313 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 8. Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act|Part 3. Procedure|27-8-313. Supplemental relief

  27-8-313. Supplemental relief. Further relief based on a declaratory judgment or decree may be granted whenever necessary or proper. The application therefor shall be by petition to a court having jurisdiction to grant the relief. If the application be deemed sufficient, the court shall, on reasonable notice, require any adverse party whose rights have been adjudicated by a declaratory judgment or decree to show cause why further relief should not be granted forthwith.   History: En. Sec. 8, Ch. 16, L. 1935; re-en. Sec. 9835.8, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-8908.
MT Code § 27-9-101 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 9. Confession of Judgment|Part 1. General Provisions|27-9-101. When and in what courts judgment may be confessed

  27-9-101. When and in what courts judgment may be confessed. Subject to 28-2-709, a judgment by confession may be entered without action, either for money due or to become due or to secure any person against contingent liability on behalf of the defendant, or both, in the manner prescribed by this chapter. Such judgment may be entered in any court having jurisdiction for like amounts. Judgment upon confession may be entered up in any justice's court specified in the confession, as provided in this chapter.   History: Ap. p. Sec. 297, p. 105, Bannack Stat.; re-en. Sec. 352, p. 206, L. 1867; re-en. Sec. 426, p. 120, Cod. Stat. 1871; amd. Sec. 452, p. 162, L. 1877; re-en. Sec. 452, 1st Div. Rev. Stat. 1879; re-en. Sec. 465, 1st Div. Comp. Stat. 1887; re-en. Sec. 2040, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 7250, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9868, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 1132; re-en. Sec. 9868, R.C.M. 1935; Sec. 93-9401, R.C.M. 1947; Ap. p. Sec. 1620, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 7046, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9679, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 889; re-en. Sec. 9679, R.C.M. 1935; Sec. 93-7301, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-7301, 93-9401; amd. Sec. 33, Ch. 12, L. 1979.
MT Code § 27-9-102 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 9. Confession of Judgment|Part 1. General Provisions|27-9-102. Requirement of signed, verified statement by defendant

  27-9-102. Requirement of signed, verified statement by defendant. A statement in writing must be made, signed by the defendant, and verified by the defendant's oath to the following effect:   (1) It must authorize the entry of judgment for a specified sum.   (2) If it is for money due or to become due, it must state concisely the facts out of which it arose and show that the sum confessed is justly due or to become due.   (3) If it is for the purpose of securing the plaintiff against contingent liability, it must state concisely the facts constituting the liability and show that the sum confessed does not exceed the contingent liability.   History: En. Sec. 298, p. 105, Bannack Stat.; amd. Sec. 353, p. 206, L. 1867; re-en. Sec. 427, p. 120, Cod. Stat. 1871; re-en. Sec. 453, p. 162, L. 1877; re-en. Sec. 453, 1st Div. Rev. Stat. 1879; re-en. Sec. 466, 1st Div. Comp. Stat. 1887; re-en. Sec. 2041, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 7251, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9869, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 1133; re-en. Sec. 9869, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-9402; amd. Sec. 618, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 27-9-103 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 9. Confession of Judgment|Part 1. General Provisions|27-9-103. Filing and costs -- district court

  27-9-103. Filing and costs -- district court. The statement must be filed with the clerk of court in which the judgment is to be entered, who shall endorse upon it and enter in the judgment book a judgment of the court for the amount confessed, with $45 costs. The clerk of district court shall forward the costs to the department of revenue for deposit in the state general fund.   History: En. Sec. 354, p. 206, L. 1867; re-en. Sec. 428, p. 120, Cod. Stat. 1871; re-en. Sec. 454, p. 162, L. 1877; re-en. Sec. 454, 1st Div. Rev. Stat. 1879; re-en. Sec. 467, 1st Div. Comp. Stat. 1887; amd. Sec. 2042, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 7252, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9870, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 1134; re-en. Sec. 9870, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-9403; amd. Sec. 34, Ch. 12, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 221, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 153, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 47, Ch. 257, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 31, Ch. 585, L. 2001.
MT Code § 27-9-104 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 9. Confession of Judgment|Part 1. General Provisions|27-9-104. Filing and costs -- justice's court

  27-9-104. Filing and costs -- justice's court. In a justice's court that has authority to enter the judgment, the statement may be filed with the justice, who shall enter in the docket a judgment of the justice's court for the amount confessed, with costs. If a transcript of the judgment is filed with the clerk of the district court, a copy of the statement must be filed with it.   History: En. Sec. 2043, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 7253, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9871, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. C. Civ. Proc. Sec. 1135; re-en. Sec. 9871, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 93-9404; amd. Sec. 35, Ch. 12, L. 1979; amd. Sec. 619, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 27-12-101 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 1. General Provisions|27-12-101. Short title

  27-12-101. Short title. This chapter may be cited as the "Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act".   History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 262, L. 1989.
MT Code § 27-12-102 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 1. General Provisions|27-12-102. Purpose

  27-12-102. Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to:   (1) prevent, whenever possible, filed court actions against chiropractic physicians and their employees for professional liability in situations in which the facts do not permit at least a reasonable inference of malpractice; and   (2) make possible the fair and equitable disposition of such claims against chiropractic physicians as are or reasonably may be well founded.   History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 262, L. 1989.
MT Code § 27-12-103 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 1. General Provisions|27-12-103. Definitions

  27-12-103. Definitions. As used in this chapter, the following definitions apply:   (1) "Chiropractic physician" means:   (a) for purposes of the annual assessment under 27-12-206, a person licensed to practice chiropractic under Title 37, chapter 12, who at the time of the assessment:   (i) has the individual's principal residence or place of chiropractic practice in the state of Montana;   (ii) is not employed full time by any federal agency or entity; and   (iii) is not fully retired from the practice of chiropractic; or   (b) for all other purposes, a person licensed to practice chiropractic under Title 37, chapter 12, who at the time of the occurrence of the incident giving rise to a malpractice claim:   (i) had the individual's principal residence or place of chiropractic practice in the state of Montana and was not employed full time by any federal agency or entity; or   (ii) was a professional service corporation, partnership, or other business entity organized under the laws of a state to render chiropractic services and each of whose shareholders, partners, or owners were chiropractic physicians licensed to practice chiropractic under Title 37, chapter 12.   (2) "Director" means the director of the Montana chiropractic legal panel.   (3) "Malpractice claim" means any claim or potential claim against a chiropractic physician for chiropractic treatment, lack of chiropractic treatment, or alleged departure from accepted standards of chiropractic health care that proximately results in damage to the claimant and includes but is not limited to a tort or contract claim or potential claim.   (4) "Panel" means the Montana chiropractic legal panel created in 27-12-104.   History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 262, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 620, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 27-12-104 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 1. General Provisions|27-12-104. Creation of panel

  27-12-104. Creation of panel. There is a Montana chiropractic legal panel. The panel is a quasi-governmental entity and is allocated to the Montana supreme court for administrative purposes only, except that 2-15-121(2) does not apply. The only state laws applicable to the panel are those contained in this chapter and those laws specifically made applicable to the panel.   History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 262, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 175, L. 2003; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 199, L. 2005.
MT Code § 27-12-105 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 1. General Provisions|27-12-105. What claims panel to review

  27-12-105. What claims panel to review. The panel shall review all malpractice claims or potential claims against chiropractic physicians covered by this chapter, except claims subject to a valid arbitration agreement allowed by law.   History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 262, L. 1989.
MT Code § 27-12-106 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 1. General Provisions|27-12-106. Immunity of panel members and witnesses from civil liability

  27-12-106. Immunity of panel members and witnesses from civil liability. Panelists and witnesses are absolutely immune from civil liability for all communications, findings, opinions, and conclusions made in the course and scope of the duties prescribed by this chapter.   History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 262, L. 1989.
MT Code § 27-12-201 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 2. Administration of Act|27-12-201. Appointment, term, and salary of director

  27-12-201. Appointment, term, and salary of director. The executive director of the Montana chiropractic association shall appoint the director of the panel, subject to the approval of the chief justice of the Montana supreme court. The director shall serve at the pleasure of and the director's salary must be set by the executive director of the Montana chiropractic association, subject to the approval of the chief justice.   History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 262, L. 1989.
MT Code § 27-12-202 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 2. Administration of Act|27-12-202. Employment of staff and maintenance of offices

  27-12-202. Employment of staff and maintenance of offices. (1) The director, subject to the approval of the chief justice, may employ and fix the compensation for clerical and other assistants that the director considers necessary.   (2) The panel shall maintain adequate offices, in which its records must be kept and official business transacted.   History: En. Sec. 8, Ch. 262, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 621, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 27-12-203 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 2. Administration of Act|27-12-203. Compensation of panel members and staff

  27-12-203. Compensation of panel members and staff. (1) Each member of the panel must be paid a salary of $40 an hour, under guidelines promulgated by the Montana supreme court.   (2) Each member of the panel, the director, and the director's staff are entitled to travel expenses incurred while on the business of the panel, as provided in 2-18-501 through 2-18-503. The director shall approve the expenses before payment is made.   History: En. Sec. 9, Ch. 262, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 622, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 27-12-204 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 2. Administration of Act|27-12-204. Authority to adopt rules

  27-12-204. Authority to adopt rules. The director, in consultation with the state bar of Montana and subject to approval of the supreme court, is authorized to adopt and publish rules of procedure necessary to implement and carry out the duties of the panel. Rules may not be adopted that require a party to make a monetary payment as a condition of bringing a malpractice claim before the chiropractic review panel.   History: En. Sec. 10, Ch. 262, L. 1989.
MT Code § 27-12-205 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 2. Administration of Act|27-12-205. Powers of panel

  27-12-205. Powers of panel. The panel may provide for the administration of oaths, the receipt of claims filed, the promulgation of forms required by rules adopted by the director, the issuance of subpoenas, and the performance of all other acts required to fairly and effectively administer this chapter.   History: En. Sec. 11, Ch. 262, L. 1989.
MT Code § 27-12-206 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 2. Administration of Act|27-12-206. Funding

  27-12-206. Funding. (1) There is a pretrial review fund to be administered by the director for the purposes stated in this chapter. The fund and any income from it must be held in trust, deposited in an account, and invested and reinvested by the director. The fund may not become part of or revert to the general fund of this state but is subject to auditing by the legislative auditor. Money from the assessments levied under this section must be deposited in the fund.   (2) For each fiscal year, beginning July 1, an annual assessment is levied on all chiropractic physicians. The amount of the assessment must be annually set by the director and equally assessed against all chiropractic physicians. A fund surplus at the end of a fiscal year that is not required for the administration of this chapter must be retained by the director and used to finance the administration of this chapter during the next fiscal year, in which event the director shall reduce the next annual assessment to an amount estimated to be necessary for the proper administration of this chapter during that fiscal year.   (3) The annual assessment must be paid on or before the date that the chiropractic physician's annual renewal fee under 37-1-134 is due. An unpaid assessment bears a late charge fee of $25. The late charge fee is part of the annual assessment. The director has the same powers and duties in connection with the collection of and failure to pay the annual assessment as the department of labor and industry has under 37-1-134 with regard to a chiropractic physician's annual license fee. However, nothing in this section may be interpreted to conflict with 37-1-138.   History: En. Sec. 12, Ch. 262, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 47, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 47, Ch. 509, L. 1995; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 5, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 61, Ch. 483, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 271, L. 2003; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 467, L. 2005.
MT Code § 27-12-207 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 2. Administration of Act|27-12-207. Panel audits

  27-12-207. Panel audits. (1) The panel and fund may be audited by or at the direction of the legislative auditor and in accordance with 5-13-304 and 5-13-309. Any audit that is conducted by the legislative auditor or approved by the legislative auditor under 5-13-411 must include a determination of the adequacy, sufficiency, and reasonableness of the annual assessment.   (2) A copy of each audit report must be furnished to the supreme court.   (3) The cost of an audit must be paid by the panel.   History: En. Sec. 13, Ch. 262, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 165, L. 2019.
MT Code § 27-12-301 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations|Chapter 12. Montana Chiropractic Legal Panel Act|Part 3. Preliminary Procedure|27-12-301. How cases submitted -- no court action before application

  27-12-301. How cases submitted -- no court action before application. A claimant shall submit a case for the consideration of the panel before filing a complaint in a court sitting in Montana by addressing an application in writing, signed by the claimant or the claimant's attorney, to the director of the panel.   History: En. Sec. 14, Ch. 262, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 623, Ch. 56, L. 2009.