reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 7 § 7-303 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 7 - Documents of Title|Section 7-303 - Diversion; Reconsignment; Change of Instructions

Section 7–303. (a) Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, a carrier may deliver the goods to a person or destination other than that stated in the bill or may otherwise dispose of the goods, without liability for misdelivery, on instructions from:  (1) the holder of a negotiable bill;  (2) the consignor on a nonnegotiable bill, even if the consignee has given contrary instructions;  (3) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill in the absence of contrary instructions from the consignor, if the goods have arrived at the billed destination or if the consignee is in possession of the tangible bill or in control of the electronic bill; or  (4) the consignee on a nonnegotiable bill, if the consignee is entitled as against the consignor to dispose of the goods.  (b) Unless instructions described in subsection (a) are included in a negotiable bill of lading, a person to which the bill is duly negotiated may hold the bailee according to the original terms.
MA Gen L ch 7 § 7-304 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 7 - Documents of Title|Section 7-304 - Tangible Bills of Lading in a Set

Section 7–304. (a) Except as customary in international transportation, a tangible bill of lading may not be issued in a set of parts. The issuer is liable for damages caused by violation of this subsection.  (b) If a tangible bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts, each of which contains an identification code and is expressed to be valid only if the goods have not been delivered against any other part, the whole of the parts constitutes 1 bill.  (c) If a tangible negotiable bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts and different parts are negotiated to different persons, the title of the holder to which the first due negotiation is made prevails as to both the document of title and the goods even if any later holder may have received the goods from the carrier in good faith and discharged the carrier's obligation by surrendering its part.  (d) A person that negotiates or transfers a single part of a tangible bill of lading issued in a set is liable to holders of that part as if it were the whole set.  (e) The bailee shall deliver in accordance with part 4 of this article against the first presented part of a tangible bill of lading lawfully issued in a set. Delivery in this manner discharges the bailee's obligation on the whole bill.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-404 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-404 - Wrongful Registration

Section 8–404. (a) Except as otherwise provided in section 8–406, an issuer is liable for wrongful registration of transfer if the issuer has registered a transfer of a security to a person not entitled to it, and the transfer was registered:  (1) pursuant to an ineffective indorsement or instruction;  (2) after a demand that the issuer not register transfer became effective under subsection (a) of section 8–403 and the issuer did not comply with subsection (b) of said section 8–403;  (3) after the issuer had been served with an injunction, restraining order, or other legal process enjoining it from registering the transfer, issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, and the issuer had a reasonable opportunity to act on the injunction, restraining order, or other legal process; or  (4) by an issuer acting in collusion with the wrongdoer.  (b) An issuer that is liable for wrongful registration of transfer under subsection (a) on demand shall provide the person entitled to the security with a like certificated or uncertificated security, and any payments or distributions that the person did not receive as a result of the wrongful registration. If an overissue would result, the issuer's liability to provide the person with a like security is governed by section 8–210.  (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) or in a law relating to the collection of taxes, an issuer is not liable to an owner or other person suffering loss as a result of the registration of a transfer of a security if registration was made pursuant to an effective indorsement or instruction.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-403 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-403 - Demand That Issuer Not Register Transfer

Section 8–403. (a) A person who is an appropriate person to make an indorsement or originate an instruction may demand that the issuer not register transfer of a security by communicating to the issuer a notification that identifies the registered owner and the issue of which the security is a part and provides an address for communications directed to the person making the demand. The demand is effective only if it is received by the issuer at a time and in a manner affording the issuer reasonable opportunity to act on it.  (b) If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security after a demand that the issuer not register transfer has become effective, the issuer shall promptly communicate to (i) the person who initiated the demand at the address provided in the demand and (ii) the person who presented the security for registration of transfer or initiated the instruction requesting registration of transfer a notification stating that:  (1) the certificated security has been presented for registration of transfer or instruction for registration of transfer of uncertificated security has been received;  (2) a demand that the issuer not register transfer had previously been received; and  (3) the issuer will withhold registration of transfer for a period of time stated in the notification in order to provide the person who initiated the demand an opportunity to obtain legal process or an indemnity bond.  (c) The period described in paragraph (3) of subsection (b) may not exceed thirty days after the date of communication of the notification. A shorter period may be specified by the issuer if it is not manifestly unreasonable.  (d) An issuer is not liable to a person who initiated a demand that the issuer not register transfer for any loss the person suffers as a result of registration of a transfer pursuant to an effective indorsement or instruction if the person who initiated the demand does not, within the time stated in the issuer's communication, either:  (1) obtain an appropriate restraining order, injunction, or other process from a court of competent jurisdiction enjoining the issuer from registering the transfer; or  (2) file with the issuer an indemnity bond, sufficient in the issuer's judgment to protect the issuer and any transfer agent, registrar, or other agent of the issuer involved from any loss it or they may suffer by refusing to register the transfer.  (e) This section does not relieve an issuer from liability for registering transfer pursuant to an indorsement or instruction that was not effective.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-402 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-402 - Assurance That Indorsement or Instruction Is Effective

Section 8–402. (a) An issuer may require the following assurance that each necessary indorsement or each instruction is genuine and authorized:  (1) in all cases, a guaranty of the signature of the person making an indorsement or originating an instruction including, in the case of an instruction, reasonable assurance of identity;  (2) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by an agent, appropriate assurance of actual authority to sign;  (3) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a fiduciary pursuant to paragraph (4) or (5) of subsection (a) of section 8–107, appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency;  (4) if there is more than one fiduciary, reasonable assurance that all who are required to sign have done so; and  (5) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a person not covered by another provision of this subsection, assurance appropriate to the case corresponding as nearly as may be to the provisions of this subsection.  (b) An issuer may elect to require reasonable assurance beyond that specified in this section.  (c) In this section:  (1) ''Guaranty of the signature'', means a guaranty signed by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by the issuer to be responsible. An issuer may adopt standards with respect to responsibility if they are not manifestly unreasonable.  (2) ''Appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency'' means:  (i) in the case of a fiduciary appointed or qualified by a court, a certificate issued by or under the direction or supervision of the court or an officer thereof and dated within sixty days before the date of presentation for transfer; or  (ii) in any other case, a copy of a document showing the appointment or a certificate issued by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by an issuer to be responsible or, in the absence of that document or certificate, other evidence the issuer reasonably considers appropriate.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-401 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-401 - Duty of Issuer to Register Transfer

Section 8–401. (a) If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer shall register the transfer as requested if:  (1) under the terms of the security the person seeking registration of transfer is eligible to have the security registered in its name;  (2) the indorsement or instruction is made by the appropriate person or by an agent who has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person;  (3) reasonable assurance is given that the indorsement or instruction is genuine and authorized (section 8–402);  (4) any applicable law relating to the collection of taxes has been complied with;  (5) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer imposed by the issuer in accordance with section 8–204;  (6) a demand that the issuer not register transfer has not become effective under section 8–403, or the issuer has complied with subsection (b) of section 8–403 but no legal process or indemnity bond is obtained as provided in subsection (d) of said section 8–403; and  (7) the transfer is in fact rightful or is to a protected purchaser.  (b) If an issuer is under a duty to register a transfer of a security, the issuer is liable to a person presenting a certificated security or an instruction for registration or to the person's principal for loss resulting from unreasonable delay in registration or failure or refusal to register the transfer.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-305 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-305 - Instruction

Section 8–305. (a) If an instruction has been originated by an appropriate person but is incomplete in any other respect, any person may complete it as authorized and the issuer may rely on it as completed, even though it has been completed incorrectly.  (b) Unless otherwise agreed, a person initiating an instruction assumes only the obligations imposed by section 8–108 and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-304 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-304 - Indorsement

Section 8–304. (a) An indorsement may be in blank or special. An indorsement in blank includes an indorsement to bearer. A special indorsement specifies to whom a security is to be transferred or who has power to transfer it. A holder may convert a blank indorsement to a special indorsement.  (b) An indorsement purporting to be only of part of a security certificate representing units intended by the issuer to be separately transferable is effective to the extent of the indorsement.  (c) An indorsement of a security certificate, whether special or in blank, does not constitute a transfer until delivery of the certificate on which it appears or, if the indorsement is on a separate document, until delivery of both the document and the certificate.  (d) If a security certificate in registered form has been delivered to a purchaser without a necessary indorsement, the purchaser may become a protected purchaser only when the indorsement is supplied. However, against a transferor, a transfer is complete upon delivery and the purchaser has a specifically enforceable right to have any necessary indorsement supplied.  (e) An indorsement of a security certificate in bearer form may give notice of an adverse claim to the certificate, but it does not otherwise affect a right to registration that the holder possesses.  (f) Unless otherwise agreed, a person making an indorsement assumes only the obligations provided in section 8–108 and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-303 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-303 - Protected Purchaser

Section 8–303. (a) ''Protected purchaser'', means a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security, or of an interest therein, who:  (1) gives value;  (2) does not have notice of any adverse claim to the security; and  (3) obtains control of the certificated or uncertificated security.  (b) In addition to acquiring the rights of a purchaser, a protected purchaser also acquires its interest in the security free of any adverse claim.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-405 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-405 - Replacement of Lost, Destroyed, or Wrongfully Taken Security Certificate

Section 8–405. (a) If an owner of a certificated security, whether in registered or bearer form, claims that the certificate has been lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken, the issuer shall issue a new certificate if the owner:  (1) so requests before the issuer has notice that the certificate has been acquired by a protected purchaser;  (2) files with the issuer a sufficient indemnity bond; and  (3) satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the issuer.  (b) If, after the issue of a new security certificate, a protected purchaser of the original certificate presents it for registration of transfer, the issuer shall register the transfer unless an overissue would result. In that case, the issuer's liability is governed by section 8–210. In addition to any rights on the indemnity bond, an issuer may recover the new certificate from a person to whom it was issued or any person taking under that person, except a protected purchaser.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-306 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-306 - Effect of Guaranteeing Signature, Indorsement, or Instruction

Section 8–306. (a) A person who guarantees a signature of an indorser of a security certificate warrants that at the time of signing:  (1) the signature was genuine;  (2) the signer was an appropriate person to indorse, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and  (3) the signer had legal capacity to sign.  (b) A person who guarantees a signature of the originator of an instruction warrants that at the time of signing:  (1) the signature was genuine;  (2) the signer was an appropriate person to originate the instruction, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person, if the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner was, in fact, the registered owner, as to which fact the signature guarantor does not make a warranty; and  (3) the signer had legal capacity to sign.  (c) A person who specially guarantees the signature of an originator of an instruction makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under paragraph (b) and also warrants that at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer:  (1) the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner of the uncertificated security will be the registered owner; and  (2) the transfer of the uncertificated security requested in the instruction will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the instruction.  (d) A guarantor under paragraphs (a) and (b) or a special guarantor under paragraph (c) does not otherwise warrant the rightfulness of the transfer.  (e) A person who guarantees an indorsement of a security certificate makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under paragraph (a) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.  (f) A person who guarantees an instruction requesting the transfer of an uncertificated security makes the warranties of a special signature guarantor under paragraph (c) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.  (g) An issuer may not require a special guaranty of signature, a guaranty of indorsement, or a guaranty of instruction as a condition to registration of transfer.  (h) The warranties under this section are made to a person taking or dealing with the security in reliance on the guaranty, and the guarantor is liable to the person for loss resulting from their breach. An indorser or originator of an instruction whose signature, indorsement, or instruction has been guaranteed is liable to a guarantor for any loss suffered by the guarantor as a result of breach of the warranties of the guarantor.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-406 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-406 - Obligation to Notify Issuer of Lost, Destroyed, or Wrongfully Taken Security Certificate

Section 8–406. If a security certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed, or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the issuer of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of it and the issuer registers a transfer of the security before receiving notification, the owner may not assert against the issuer a claim for registering the transfer under section 8–404 or a claim to a new security certificate under section 8–405.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-509 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-509 - Specification of Duties of Securities Intermediary by Other Statute or Regulation; Manner of Performance of Duties of Securities Intermediary and Exercise of Rights of Entitlement Holder

Section 8–509. (a) If the substance of a duty imposed upon a securities intermediary by sections 8–504 to 8–508, inclusive, is the subject of other statute, regulation, or rule, compliance with that statute, regulation, or rule satisfies the duty.  (b) To the extent that specific standards for the performance of the duties of a securities intermediary or the exercise of the rights of an entitlement holder are not specified by other statute, regulation, or rule or by agreement between the securities intermediary and entitlement holder, the securities intermediary shall perform its duties and the entitlement holder shall exercise its rights in a commercially reasonable manner.  (c) The obligation of a securities intermediary to perform the duties imposed by sections 8–504 to 8–508, inclusive, is subject to:  (1) rights of the securities intermediary arising out of a security interest under a security agreement with the entitlement holder or otherwise; and  (2) rights of the securities intermediary under other law, regulation, rule, or agreement to withhold performance of its duties as a result of unfulfilled obligations of the entitlement holder to the securities intermediary.  (d) Sections 8–504 to 8–508, inclusive, do not require a securities intermediary to take any action that is prohibited by other statute, regulation, or rule.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-501 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-501 - Securities Account; Acquisition of Security Entitlement From Securities Intermediary

Section 8–501. (a) ''Securities account'', means an account to which a financial asset is or may be credited in accordance with an agreement under which the person maintaining the account undertakes to treat the person for whom the account is maintained as entitled to exercise the rights that comprise the financial asset.  (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e), a person acquires a security entitlement if a securities intermediary:  (1) indicates by book entry that a financial asset has been credited to the person's securities account;  (2) receives a financial asset from the person or acquires a financial asset for the person and, in either case, accepts it for credit to the person's securities account; or  (3) becomes obligated under other law, regulation, or rule to credit a financial asset to the person's securities account.  (c) If a condition of subsection (b) has been met, a person has a security entitlement even though the securities intermediary does not itself hold the financial asset.  (d) If a securities intermediary holds a financial asset for another person, and the financial asset is registered in the name of, payable to the order of, or specially indorsed to the other person, and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank, the other person is treated as holding the financial asset directly rather than as having a security entitlement with respect to the financial asset.  (e) Issuance of a security is not establishment of a security entitlement.
MA Gen L ch 8 § 8-502 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 106 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 8-502 - Assertion of Adverse Claim Against Entitlement Holder

Section 8–502. An action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a person who acquires a security entitlement under section 8–501 for value and without notice of the adverse claim.