reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 34-53-105 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-105. Person in Possession of Ore Deemed Owner

 Any person, association of persons, or corporation in the peaceful possession of any mining claim, under claim or color of title, and engaged in the mining and sale of ores therefrom, as to all persons purchasing such ore, in good faith and without notice, as provided in section 34-53-107 , of the claim of any other person, association, or corporation to such mining claim, shall be deemed to be the owner of such ore.   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 273, § 1. R.S. 08: § 4244. C.L. § 3358. CSA: C. 110, § 251. CRS 53: § 92-30-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-6. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 273, § 1. R.S. 08: § 4244. C.L. § 3358. CSA: C. 110, § 251. CRS 53: § 92-30-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-6.    ANNOTATION   Whether ore is realty or personalty is determined by the dominant factors: What is physical nature of materials, what is relationship between litigants, and what is intent regarding ultimate disposition of property. Smith v. El Paso Gold Mines, Inc., 720 P.2d 608 (Colo. App. 1985).
CO Code § 34-53-106 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-106. Purchasing Ore in Good Faith

 Any person who, or association or corporation which, in good faith and in the usual course of business, and without notice, as provided in section 34-53-107 , purchases and obtains delivery of any ore from any person, association, or corporation in possession of any mining claim is deemed the owner of such ore, and shall not be subject to any action therefor and for the value thereof by any person, association, or corporation who may ultimately be adjudged to be the owner of such mining claim.   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 274, § 2. R.S. 08: § 4245. C.L. § 3359. CSA: C. 110, § 252. CRS 53: § 92-30-7. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-7. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 274, § 2. R.S. 08: § 4245. C.L. § 3359. CSA: C. 110, § 252. CRS 53: § 92-30-7. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-7.
CO Code § 34-53-107 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-107. Notice of Adverse Claim - Action

 If any person, association, or corporation is or claims to be the owner or entitled to the possession of any mining claim in the actual possession of some other person, association, or corporation claiming to be the owner or entitled to the possession thereof, and mining and shipping ore therefrom, if he desires to hold purchasers of such ore responsible for the value of such ore, may serve or cause to be served upon such purchaser a notice in writing, setting forth the name of the mining claim, the names of the claimants and owners thereof, the name of the person, association, or corporation mining or shipping ore therefrom, and warning such purchaser that he will be held responsible for all ores purchased and delivered from such mine by such person, association, or corporation, or his heirs and assigns subsequent to the service of such notice. Within five days from and after the service of such notice, the person, association, or corporation serving or causing the same to be served shall institute an action in some court of competent jurisdiction against the person, association, or corporation in possession of such mining claim to enjoin him from the mining or shipment or sale of ores therefrom pending such action and shall at once notify such purchaser of the pendency of such action. If the notice provided for in this section shall be served after such an action has been instituted it shall not be necessary to commence another under the provisions hereof.   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 274, § 3. R.S. 08: § 4246. C.L. § 3360. CSA: C. 110, § 253. CRS 53: § 92-30-8. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-8. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 274, § 3. R.S. 08: § 4246. C.L. § 3360. CSA: C. 110, § 253. CRS 53: § 92-30-8. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-8.
CO Code § 34-53-108 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-108. Injunction - Effect of Denial

 The person, association, or corporation bringing or having instituted such action, within thirty days after the service of said notice, shall cause an application for an injunction against the defendant therein to be heard before the court in which the same shall be pending. If the injunction is denied or if the application therefor is not made within said period of thirty days, the notice served shall be held for naught, and all persons shall be at liberty to purchase ores from the mining claim or from the person, association, or corporation in possession of and working the same as aforesaid, as though such notice had never been served.   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 4. R.S. 08: § 4247. C.L. § 3361. CSA: C. 110, § 254. CRS 53: § 92-30-9. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-9. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 4. R.S. 08: § 4247. C.L. § 3361. CSA: C. 110, § 254. CRS 53: § 92-30-9. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-9.    Cross references:   For injunctions generally, see C.R.C.P. 65.
CO Code § 34-53-109 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-109. Dissolution of Injunction

 If any injunction granted under such application therefor, as provided for in section 34-53-108 , is dissolved, all persons shall be at liberty to purchase ores from the mining claims affected thereby, from any person, association, or corporation in possession thereof, and working the same under claim or color of title, and no action shall be brought or maintained against such purchaser for the value thereof, notwithstanding that the title and right of possession of and to such mining claim shall be ultimately adjudged against such person, association, or corporation in possession.   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 5. R.S. 08: § 4248. C.L. § 3362. CSA: C. 110, § 255. CRS 53: § 92-30-10. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-10. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 5. R.S. 08: § 4248. C.L. § 3362. CSA: C. 110, § 255. CRS 53: § 92-30-10. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-10.
CO Code § 34-53-110 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-110. Effect of Failure to Institute Action

 If any person, association, or corporation which has not already brought an action serves a notice upon any purchaser of ores, as provided in section 34-53-107 , and fails or neglects to institute an action and apply for an injunction as required in section 34-53-108 , said notice is of no effect and the purchaser shall not be bound by anything contained therein. If such an action shall be pending at the time of the giving of such notice the same shall be mentioned therein.   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 6. R.S. 08: § 4249. C.L. § 3363. CSA: C. 110, § 256. CRS 53: § 92-30-11. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-11. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 6. R.S. 08: § 4249. C.L. § 3363. CSA: C. 110, § 256. CRS 53: § 92-30-11. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-11.
CO Code § 34-53-111 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-111. When Purchaser Held Responsible

 Any purchaser of ores who has received the notice provided for in section 34-53-107 and followed or preceded by the commencement of an action and application for an injunction thereunder, as set forth in this article, who continues to purchase and receive ores from the mining claims named in such notice, shall be responsible for the value thereof to the person, association, or corporation who is adjudged to be the owner or entitled to the possession of such mining claims.   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 7. R.S. 08: § 4250. C.L. § 3364. CSA: C. 110, § 257. CRS 53: § 92-30-12. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-12. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 275, § 7. R.S. 08: § 4250. C.L. § 3364. CSA: C. 110, § 257. CRS 53: § 92-30-12. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-12.
CO Code § 34-53-112 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 53 - Sales of Ore|§ 34-53-112. Applicability - Bad Faith

 Sections 34-53-105 to 34-53-112 shall not apply to any ore or ores mined, shipped, or sold in contravention of the terms of sections 34-53-101 to 34-53-103 .   History. Source: L. 1889: P. 276, § 8. R.S. 08: § 4251. C.L. § 3365. CSA: C. 110, § 258. CRS 53: § 92-30-13. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-13. History. Source: L. 1889: P. 276, § 8. R.S. 08: § 4251. C.L. § 3365. CSA: C. 110, § 258. CRS 53: § 92-30-13. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-30-13.
CO Code § 34-54-101 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 54 - Memoranda of Ore Sales|§ 34-54-101. Definitions

 As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:    “Person” means any person, partnership, association, or corporation.     History. Source: L. 17: P. 403, § 6. C.L. § 3381. CSA: C. 110, § 273. CRS 53: § 92-31-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-6. History. Source: L. 17: P. 403, § 6. C.L. § 3381. CSA: C. 110, § 273. CRS 53: § 92-31-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-6.
CO Code § 34-54-102 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 54 - Memoranda of Ore Sales|§ 34-54-102. Sale of Ores and Minerals

 It is unlawful for any person, whether acting for himself or as agent for another, to sell or to purchase any ores, concentrates, or amalgams bearing gold, silver, tungsten, vanadium, uranium, molybdenum, or other rare minerals, or to sell or purchase gold dust, gold or silver bullion, nuggets, or specimens of a value of ten dollars or more, unless at the time of the sale the vendor shall sign with his true name and deliver to the purchaser a memorandum in which he shall state the date of the sale, his residence, the nature and amount of the article sold, the source from which the vendor obtained the same, and the consideration actually paid.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 401, § 1. C.L. § 3376. CSA: C. 110, § 268. CRS 53: § 92-31-1. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-1. History. Source: L. 17: P. 401, § 1. C.L. § 3376. CSA: C. 110, § 268. CRS 53: § 92-31-1. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-1.
CO Code § 34-54-103 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 54 - Memoranda of Ore Sales|§ 34-54-103. Signed Memorandum

 It is unlawful for any person, whether acting for himself or as agent for another, to deliver any of the property specified in section 34-54-102 of the value of ten dollars or more, to any other person as agent, broker, or bailee, unless he, at the time of such delivery, delivers to such agent, broker, or vendor a memorandum signed with his true name in which he shall state the date of the transaction, his residence, the nature and quantity of the property delivered, the source from which he obtained such property, and the purpose for which the delivery is made.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 2. C.L. § 3377. CSA: C. 110, § 269. CRS 53: § 92-31-2. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-2. History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 2. C.L. § 3377. CSA: C. 110, § 269. CRS 53: § 92-31-2. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-2.
CO Code § 34-54-104 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 54 - Memoranda of Ore Sales|§ 34-54-104. Preservation of Memorandum

 Every person required to receive a memorandum under the provisions of this article shall carefully preserve the same for a period of at least twelve months.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 3. C.L. § 3378. CSA: C. 110, § 270. CRS 53: § 92-31-3. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-3. L. 84: Entire section amended, p. 933, § 1, effective February 23. History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 3. C.L. § 3378. CSA: C. 110, § 270. CRS 53: § 92-31-3. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-3. L. 84: Entire section amended, p. 933, § 1, effective February 23.
CO Code § 34-54-105 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 54 - Memoranda of Ore Sales|§ 34-54-105. Fictitious Statement

 If any person required to execute a memorandum under the provisions of this article signs the same with any other than his true name, or makes any false statement whatsoever therein, he shall be deemed guilty of a violation of the provisions of this article. If any person required by the provisions of this article to receive a memorandum receives the memorandum knowing the same not to be signed with the true name of the person delivering such memorandum, or knowing any statement therein contained to be false, he shall be deemed guilty of a violation of the provisions of this article.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 4. C.L. § 3379. CSA: C. 110, § 271. CRS 53: § 92-31-4. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-4. History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 4. C.L. § 3379. CSA: C. 110, § 271. CRS 53: § 92-31-4. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-4.
CO Code § 34-54-106 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 54 - Memoranda of Ore Sales|§ 34-54-106. Penalty

 [ ] Any person who violates any of the provisions of this article is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a term of not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.  Editor's note: This version of this section is effective until March 1, 2022.  History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 5. C.L. § 3380. CSA: C. 110, § 272. CRS 53: § 92-31-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-5. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3275, § 612, effective March 1, 2022. History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 5. C.L. § 3380. CSA: C. 110, § 272. CRS 53: § 92-31-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-5. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3275, § 612, effective March 1, 2022.    Editor's note:   Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
CO Code § 34-54-106 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 54 - Memoranda of Ore Sales|§ 34-54-106. Penalty

 [ ] Any person who violates any of the provisions of this article 54 commits a class 2 misdemeanor.  Editor's note: This version of this section is effective March 1, 2022.  History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 5. C.L. § 3380. CSA: C. 110, § 272. CRS 53: § 92-31-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-5. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3275, § 612, effective March 1, 2022. History. Source: L. 17: P. 402, § 5. C.L. § 3380. CSA: C. 110, § 272. CRS 53: § 92-31-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 92-31-5. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3275, § 612, effective March 1, 2022.
CO Code § 34-60-101 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 60 - Oil and Gas Conservation|§ 34-60-101. Short Title

 This article shall be known and may be cited as the “Oil and Gas Conservation Act”.   History. Source: L. 51: P. 662, § 16. CSA: C. 118, § 68(15). CRS 53: § 100-6-19. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-19. History. Source: L. 51: P. 662, § 16. CSA: C. 118, § 68(15). CRS 53: § 100-6-19. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-19.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Oil and Gas Leasing on Federal Lands: Application of State and Local Laws”, see 12 Colo. Law. 1458 (1983). For article, “Colorado Oil and Gas Conveyancing in Context”, see 56 U. Colo. L. Rev. 495 (1985). For article, “Local Regulation of Oil and Gas Operations in Colorado”, see 22 Colo. Law. 751 (1993). For article, “Home Rule City Regulation of Oil and Gas Development”, see 23 Colo. Law. 2771 (1994). For article, “Perplexing Puzzle: The Colorado Oil and Gas Commission Versus Local Government”, see 27 Colo. Law. 73 (Feb. 1998). For article, “Mixing Surface Development with Oil and Gas Operations Part I”, see 34 Colo. Law. 11 (May 2005). For article, “Mixing Surface Development with Oil and Gas Operations Part II”, see 34 Colo. Law. 11 (June 2005). For comment, “Regulating Hydraulic Fracturing Through Land Use: State Preemption Prevails”, see 85 U. Colo. L. Rev. 817 (2014). For casenote, “Won't You Be My Neighbor? The Fallout from the Colorado Supreme Court's Decision in COGCC v. GVCA”, see 85 U. Colo. L. Rev. 903 (2014). For article, “Defining and Closing the Hydraulic Fracturing Governance Gap”, see 95 Denv. L. Rev. 191 (2017).
CO Code § 34-60-107 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 60 - Oil and Gas Conservation|§ 34-60-107. Waste of Oil or Gas Prohibited

 The waste of oil and gas in the state of Colorado is prohibited by this article.   History. Source: L. 51: P. 651, § 1. CSA: C. 118, § 68(1). CRS 53: § 100-6-1. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-1. History. Source: L. 51: P. 651, § 1. CSA: C. 118, § 68(1). CRS 53: § 100-6-1. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-1.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Conservation of Oil Resources -- Colorado's Position Today”, see 22 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 489 (1950). For article, “Utilization Statutes: Voluntary Action or Compulsion”, see 24 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 29 (1951). For note, “The Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Act and Amendments”, see 24 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 348 (1952). For article, “Breach of the Implied Covenant in an Oil and Gas Lease”, see 31 Dicta 215 (1954). For article, “The Application of State Conservation Laws to Oil and Gas Operations on the Public Domain”, see 32 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 109 (1960). For article, “Prorationing of Natural Gas Production: An Economic Analysis”, see 57 U. Colo. L. Rev. 153 (1986).   This section does not prohibit all waste, but only waste as defined in section 34-60-103 . Union P. R. R. v. Oil & Gas Conservation Comm'n, 131 Colo. 528 , 284 P.2d 242 (1955).   So some gas escape or release is permitted; only excessive or unreasonable amounts are prohibited. Union P. R. R. v. Oil & Gas Conservation Comm'n, 131 Colo. 528 , 284 P.2d 242 (1955).   And flaring of gas not entirely forbidden. The flaring of such amounts of gas as will not unreasonably diminish the amount of oil or gas that might be produced is expressly allowed under § 34-60-103 . Union P. R. R. v. Oil & Gas Conservation Comm'n, 131 Colo. 528 , 284 P.2d 242 (1955).
CO Code § 34-60-109 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 60 - Oil and Gas Conservation|§ 34-60-109. Commission May Bring Suit

 If it appears that any person fails to comply with an order issued pursuant to section 34-60-121 , the commission, through the attorney general, shall bring suit in the name of the state against such person in the district court in the county of the residence of the defendant, or in the county of the residence of any defendant if there is more than one defendant, or in the county where the violation is alleged to have occurred, to restrain such person from continuing such violation or from carrying out the threat of violation. In such suit the court may grant injunctions, prohibitory and mandatory, including temporary restraining orders and temporary injunctions. Proceedings for appellate review or any other proceedings for review may be taken from any judgment, decree, or order in any action under this article as provided by law and the Colorado appellate rules, and all proceedings in the trial and appellate court shall have precedence over any other proceedings then pending in such courts. No bonds shall be required of the commission in any such proceeding or review.   History. Source: L. 51: P. 657, § 9(c). CSA: C. 118, § 68(9)(c). CRS 53: § 100-6-9. L. 55: P. 654, § 6. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-9. L. 94: Entire section amended, p. 1982, § 8, effective June 2. History. Source: L. 51: P. 657, § 9(c). CSA: C. 118, § 68(9)(c). CRS 53: § 100-6-9. L. 55: P. 654, § 6. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-9. L. 94: Entire section amended, p. 1982, § 8, effective June 2.    Cross references:   For the legislative declaration contained in the 1994 act amending this section, see section 1 of chapter 317, Session Laws of Colorado 1994.
CO Code § 34-60-110 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 60 - Oil and Gas Conservation|§ 34-60-110. Witnesses - Suits for Violations

  The commission has the power to summon witnesses, to administer oaths, and to require the production of records, books, and documents for examination at any hearing or investigation conducted by it. No person shall be excused from attending and testifying, or from producing books, papers, and records before the commission or a court, or from obedience to the subpoena of the commission or a court, on the ground or for the reason that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required of him may tend to incriminate him or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture. Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring any person to produce any books, papers, or records, or to testify in response to any inquiry not pertinent to some question lawfully before the commission or court for determination. No natural person shall be subject to criminal prosecution or to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter, or thing concerning which, in spite of his objection, he may be required to testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, before the commission or court, or in obedience to a subpoena; but no person testifying shall be exempted from prosecution and punishment for perjury in the first degree committed in so testifying.    In case of failure or refusal on the part of any person to comply with a subpoena issued by the commission, or in case of the refusal of any witness to testify as to any matter regarding which he may be interrogated, any district court in the state, upon the application of the commission, may issue an order for such person and compel him to comply with such subpoena, and to attend before the commission and produce such records, books, and documents for examination, and to give his testimony. Such court has the power to punish for contempt as in the case of disobedience to a like subpoena issued by the court, or for refusal to testify therein.     History. Source: L. 51: P. 657, § 9. CSA: C. 118, § 68(9). CRS 53: § 100-6-8. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-8. L. 72: P. 564, § 37. History. Source: L. 51: P. 657, § 9. CSA: C. 118, § 68(9). CRS 53: § 100-6-8. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-8. L. 72: P. 564, § 37.
CO Code § 34-60-111 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 34 - Mineral Resources|Article 60 - Oil and Gas Conservation|§ 34-60-111. Judicial Review

 Any rule, regulation, or final order of the commission shall be subject to judicial review in accordance with the provisions of section 24-4-106 , C.R.S. The commission shall not be required to post bond in any proceeding for judicial review.   History. Source: L. 51: P. 659, § 10. CSA: C. 118, § 68(10). CRS 53: § 100-6-11. L. 55: P. 654, § 7. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-11. L. 81: Entire section R&RE, p. 1689, § 1, effective May 21. History. Source: L. 51: P. 659, § 10. CSA: C. 118, § 68(10). CRS 53: § 100-6-11. L. 55: P. 654, § 7. C.R.S. 1963: § 100-6-11. L. 81: Entire section R&RE, p. 1689, § 1, effective May 21.    ANNOTATION   This section, in conjunction with § 24-4-106 , allows challenges to the issuance of a permit by persons other than the permit applicant, owners of surface rights, and a local government. Although citizens' and community groups are not entitled to be heard in connection with the permit application, they may be “persons or parties adversely affected or aggrieved” by issuance of the permit within the meaning of the State Administrative Procedure Act and therefore entitled to judicial review of the commission's decision. Weld Air & Water v. Colo. Oil & Gas, 2019 COA 86 , 457 P.3d 727.   Time for filing appeal runs from date order mailed pursuant to § 24-4-106 (16) rather than from date order entered into records of commission pursuant to § 34-60-108 (6) . Richmond Petroleum v. Oil & Gas Conservation Comm'n, 907 P.2d 732 (Colo. App. 1995).