reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NC Gen Stat § 1-45 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 4 - Limitations, Real Property.|§ 1-45 - No title by possession of public ways.

 1-45. No title by possession of public ways.No person or corporation shall ever acquire any exclusive right to any part of a public road, street, lane, alley, square or public way of any kind by reason of any occupancy thereof or by encroaching upon or obstructing the same in any way, and in all actions, whether civil or criminal, against any person or corporation on account of an encroachment upon or obstruction or occupancy of any public way it shall not be competent for a court to hold that such action is barred by any statute of limitations. (1891, c. 224; Rev., s. 389; C.S., s. 435.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-45.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 4 - Limitations, Real Property.|§ 1-45.1 - No adverse possession of property subject to public trust rights.

 1-45.1. No adverse possession of property subject to public trust rights.Title to real property held by the State and subject to public trust rights may not be acquired by adverse possession. As used in this section, "public trust rights" means those rights held in trust by the State for the use and benefit of the people of the State in common. They are established by common law as interpreted by the courts of this State. They include, but are not limited to, the right to navigate, swim, hunt, fish, and enjoy all recreational activities in the watercourses of the State and the right to freely use and enjoy the State's ocean and estuarine beaches and public access to the beaches. (1985, c. 277, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-46 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-46 - Periods prescribed.

 1-46. Periods prescribed.The periods prescribed for the commencement of actions, other than for the recovery of real property, are as set forth in this Article. (C.C.P., s. 30; Code, s. 151; Rev., s. 390; C.S., s. 436.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-46.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-46.1 - Twelve years.

 1-46.1. Twelve years.Within 12 years an action - (1) No action for the recovery of damages for personal injury, death, or damage to property based upon or arising out of any alleged defect or any failure in relation to a product shall be brought more than 12 years after the date of initial purchase for use or consumption.(2) Reserved for future codification purposes.  (2009-420, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-47 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-47 - Ten years.

 1-47. Ten years.Within ten years an action -(1) Upon a judgment or decree of any court of the United States, or of any state or territory thereof, from the date of its entry. No such action may be brought more than once, or have the effect to continue the lien of the original judgment.(1a) Upon a judgment rendered by a justice of the peace, from its date.(2) Upon a sealed instrument or an instrument of conveyance of an interest in real property, against the principal thereto. Provided, however, that if action on an instrument is filed, the defendant or defendants in such action may file a counterclaim arising out of the same transaction or transactions as are the subject of plaintiff's claim, although a shorter statute of limitations would otherwise apply to defendant's counterclaim. Such counterclaim may be filed against such parties as provided in G.S. 1A-1, Rules of Civil Procedure.(3) For the foreclosure of a mortgage, or deed in trust for creditors with a power of sale, of real property, where the mortgagor or grantor has been in possession of the property, within ten years after the forfeiture of the mortgage, or after the power of sale became absolute, or within ten years after the last payment on the same.(4) For the redemption of a mortgage, where the mortgagee has been in possession, or for a residuary interest under a deed in trust for creditors, where the trustee or those holding under him has been in possession, within ten years after the right of action accrued.(5) Repealed by Session Laws 1959, c. 879, s. 2.(6) Repealed by Session Laws 2019-164, s. 1, effective July 26, 2019, and applicable to actions arising on or after that date.  (C.C.P., ss. 14, 31; Code, s. 152; Rev., s. 391; C.S., s. 437; 1937, c. 368; 1959, c. 879, s. 2; 1961, c. 115, s. 2; 1969, c. 810, s. 1; 1991, c. 268, s. 2; 1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 742, s. 1(a); 1997-456, s. 27; 1999-221, s. 3; 2004-203, s. 15(a); 2019-164, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-48 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-48 - Transferred to § 1-54, subdivision (6), by Session Laws 1951, c. 837, s. 2.

 1-48. Transferred to 1-54, subdivision (6), by Session Laws 1951, c. 837, s. 2.
NC Gen Stat § 1-49 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-49 - Seven years.

 1-49. Seven years.Within seven years an action -(1) Repealed by Session Laws 1961, c. 115, s. 1.(2) By a creditor of a deceased person against his personal or real representative, within seven years next after the qualification of the executor or administrator and his making the advertisement required by law for creditors of the deceased to present their claims, where no personal service of such notice in writing is made upon the creditor. A creditor thus barred of a recovery against the representative of any principal debtor is also barred of a recovery against any surety to the debt.(3) Against the owner of an interest in real property by a unit of local government for a violation of a land-use statute, ordinance, or permit or any other official action concerning land use carrying the effect of law. This subdivision does not limit the remedy of injunction for conditions that are actually injurious or dangerous to the public health or safety but does prescribe an outside limitation of seven years from the earlier of the occurrence of any of the following:a. The violation is apparent from a public right-of-way.b. The violation is in plain view from a place to which the public is invited.  (C.C.P., s. 32; Code, s. 153; Rev., s. 392; C.S., s. 438; 1961, c. 115, s. 1; 2017-10, s. 2.15(b).)
NC Gen Stat § 1-51 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-51 - Five years.

 1-51. Five years.Within five years -(1) No suit, action or proceeding shall be brought or maintained against a railroad company owning or operating a railroad for damages or compensation for right-of-way or use and occupancy of any lands by the company for use of its railroad unless the action or proceeding is commenced within five years after the lands have been entered upon for the purpose of constructing the road, or within two years after it is in operation.(2) No suit, action or proceeding shall be brought or maintained against a railroad company for damages caused by the construction of the road, or the repairs thereto, unless such suit, action or proceeding is commenced within five years after the cause of action accrues, and the jury shall assess the entire amount of damages which the party aggrieved is entitled to recover by reason of the trespass on his property.(3) No suit, action, or proceeding shall be brought or maintained against a terrorist for damages under G.S. 1-539.2D unless such suit, action, or proceeding is commenced within five years from the date of the injury.(4) Notwithstanding G.S. 1-52(9) or any other provision of law, no suit, action, or proceeding shall be brought or maintained against a real estate appraiser, general real estate appraiser, or appraiser trainee who is licensed, certified, or registered pursuant to Chapter 93E of the General Statutes, unless the suit, action, or proceeding is commenced within (i) five years of the date the appraisal was performed or (ii) until the applicable time period for retention of the work file for the appraisal giving rise to the action as established by the Recordkeeping Rule of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice has expired, whichever is greater.(5) Against the owner of an interest in real property by a unit of local government for a violation of a land-use statute, ordinance, or permit or any other official action concerning land use carrying the effect of law. This subdivision does not limit the remedy of injunction for conditions that are actually injurious or dangerous to the public health or safety. The claim for relief accrues upon the occurrence of the earlier of any of the following:a. The facts constituting the violation are known to the governing body, an agent, or an employee of the unit of local government.b. The violation can be determined from the public record of the unit of local government.  (1893, c. 152; 1895, c. 224; 1897, c. 339; Rev., s. 394; C.S., s. 440; 2015-200, s. 1; 2015-215, s. 1.5; 2017-10, s. 2.15(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 1-53 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-53 - Two years.

 1-53. Two years.Within two years -(1) An action against a local unit of government upon a contract, obligation or liability arising out of a contract, express or implied. Unless otherwise provided by law, if the preceding sentence of this subsection would bar commencement of a cause of action arising out of a contract to improve real property: (i) such an action may be brought no later than 90 days after substantial completion, provided proper notice of the claim has been given if required by contract, or (ii) if prior to substantial completion the contract was terminated by either party, such an action may be brought no later than 90 days after the date of termination of the contract. As used in this subdivision, "substantial completion" has the same meaning as in G.S. 1-50(a)(5)c. This subdivision shall not apply to actions based upon bonds, notes and interest coupons or when a different period of limitation is prescribed by this Article.(2) An action to recover the penalty for usury, including an action regarding the financing of usurious points, usurious fees, or other usurious charges; the two-year period shall accrue with each payment made and accepted on the loan.(3) The forfeiture of all interest for usury.(4) Actions for damages on account of the death of a person caused by the wrongful act, neglect or fault of another under G.S. 28A-18-2; the cause of action shall not accrue until the date of death. Provided that, whenever the decedent would have been barred, had he lived, from bringing an action for bodily harm because of the provisions of G.S. 1-15(c) or 1-52(16), no action for his death may be brought.  (1874-5, c. 243; 1876-7, c. 91, s. 3; Code, ss. 756, 3836; 1895, c. 69; Rev., s. 396; C.S., s. 442; 1931, c. 231; 1937, c. 359; 1945, c. 774; 1951, c. 246, s. 2; 1979, c. 654, s. 3; 1981, c. 777, s. 3; 2007-351, s. 1; 2008-139, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-54 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-54 - One year.

 1-54. One year.Within one year an action or proceeding -(1) Repealed by Session Laws 1975, c. 252, s. 5.(2) Upon a statute, for a penalty or forfeiture, where the action is given to the State alone, or in whole or in part to the party aggrieved, or to a common informer, except where the statute imposing it prescribes a different limitation.(3) For libel and slander.(4) Against a public officer, for the escape of a prisoner arrested or imprisoned on civil process.(5) For the year's allowance of a surviving spouse or children.(6) For a deficiency judgment on any debt, promissory note, bond or other evidence of indebtedness after the foreclosure of a mortgage or deed of trust on real estate securing such debt, promissory note, bond or other evidence of indebtedness, which period of limitation above prescribed commences with the date of the delivery of the deed pursuant to the foreclosure sale: Provided, however, that if an action on the debt, note, bond or other evidence of indebtedness secured would be earlier barred by the expiration of the remainder of any other period of limitation prescribed by this subchapter, that limitation shall govern.(7) Repealed by Session Laws 1971, c. 939, s. 2.(7a) For recovery of damages under Article 1A of Chapter 18B of the General Statutes.(8) As provided in G.S. 105-377, to contest the validity of title to real property acquired in any tax foreclosure action or to reopen or set aside the judgment in any tax foreclosure action.(9) As provided in Article 14 of Chapter 126 of the General Statutes, entitled "Protection for Reporting Improper Government Activities".(10) Actions contesting the validity of any zoning or unified development ordinance or any provision thereof adopted under Chapter 160D of the General Statutes or other applicable law, other than an ordinance adopting or amending a zoning map. Such an action accrues when the party bringing such action first has standing to challenge the ordinance; provided that, a challenge to an ordinance on the basis of an alleged defect in the adoption process shall be brought within three years after the adoption of the ordinance.(11) No suit, action, or proceeding under G.S. 14-190.5A(g) shall be brought or maintained against any person unless such suit, action, or proceeding is commenced within one year after the initial discovery of the disclosure, but in no event may the action be commenced more than seven years from the most recent disclosure of the private image.(12) Repealed by Session Laws 2017-4, s. 1, effective March 30, 2017.  (C.C.P., s. 35; Code, s. 156; 1885, c. 96; Rev., s. 397; C.S., s. 443; 1933, c. 529, s. 1; 1951, c. 837, s. 2; 1965, c. 9; 1969, c. 1001, s. 2; 1971, c. 12; c. 939, s. 2; 1975, c. 252, s. 5; 1977, c. 886, s. 3; 1983, c. 435, s. 38; 1989, c. 236, s. 4; 2001-175, s. 1; 2011-384, s. 1; 2015-250, s. 1.1; 2016-99, s. 2; 2017-4, s. 1; 2019-111, s. 2.5(a); 2020-3, s. 4.33(a); 2020-25, s. 51(a), (b), (d).)
NC Gen Stat § 1-54.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-54.1 - Two months.

 1-54.1. Two months.Within two months an action contesting the validity of any ordinance adopting or amending a zoning map conditional zoning district rezoning request under Article 7 of Chapter 160D of the General Statutes. Such an action accrues upon adoption of such ordinance or amendment. As used herein, the term two months shall be calculated as 60 days.  (1981, c. 705, s. 1; c. 891, s. 4; 1991 (Reg. Sess., 1992), c. 1030, s. 1; 1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 746, s. 5; 2011-384, s. 2; 2019-111, s. 2.5(b); 2020-3, s. 4.33(a); 2020-25, s. 51(a), (b), (d).)
NC Gen Stat § 1-55 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5 - Limitations, Other Than Real Property.|§ 1-55 - Six months.

 1-55. Six months.Within six months an action -(1) Upon a contract, transfer, assignment, power of attorney or other instrument transferring or affecting unearned salaries or wages, or future earnings, or any interest therein, whether said instrument be under seal or not under seal. The above period of limitations shall commence from the date of the execution of such instrument.(2) For the wrongful conversion or sale of leaf tobacco in an auction tobacco warehouse during the regular season for auction sales of tobacco in such warehouse. This paragraph shall not apply to actions for the wrongful conversion or sale of leaf tobacco which was stolen from the lawful owner or possessor thereof.(3) For wrongful discharge or demotion because of proceedings under the North Carolina Workers' Compensation Act as prohibited by G.S. 97-6.1. (C.C.P., s. 36; Code, s. 157; Rev., s. 398; C.S., s. 444; 1931, c. 168; 1943, c. 642, s. 2; 1969, c. 1001, s. 1; 1979, c. 738, s. 2; 1991, c. 636, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-56 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5A - Limitations, Actions Not Otherwise Limited.|§ 1-56 - All other actions, 10 years.

 1-56. All other actions, 10 years.(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, an action for relief not otherwise limited by this subchapter may not be commenced more than 10 years after the cause of action has accrued.(b) A civil action for child sexual abuse is not subject to the limitation in this section.  (C.C.P., s. 37; Code, s. 158; Rev., s. 399; C.S., s. 445; 1951, c. 837, s. 3; 2019-245, s. 4.3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-56.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 5A - Limitations, Actions Not Otherwise Limited.|§ 1-56.1 - No limitation for certain actions.

 1-56.1. No limitation for certain actions.Notwithstanding G.S. 1-56, an action to reform, terminate, or modify a trust, pursuant to G.S. 36C-4-410 through G.S. 36C-4-416, may be commenced at any time.  (2019-113, s. 4.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-57 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-57 - Real party in interest; grantees and assignees.

 1-57. Real party in interest; grantees and assignees.Every action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest, except as otherwise provided; but this section does not authorize the assignment of a thing in action not arising out of contract. An action may be maintained by a grantee of real estate in his own name, when he or any grantor or other person through whom he derives title might maintain such action, notwithstanding the conveyance of the grantor is void, by reason of the actual possession of a person claiming under a title adverse to that of the grantor, or other person, at the time of the delivery of the conveyance. In case of an assignment of a thing in action the action by the assignee is without prejudice to any setoff or other defense, existing at the time of, or before notice of, the assignment; but this does not apply to a negotiable promissory note or bill of exchange, transferred in good faith, upon good consideration, and before maturity. (C.C.P., s. 55; 1874-5, c. 256; Code, s. 177; Rev., s. 400; C.S., s. 446.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-58 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-58 - Suits for penalties.

 1-58. Suits for penalties.Where a penalty is imposed by any law, and it is not provided to what person the penalty is given, it may be recovered, for his own use, by anyone who sues for it. When a penalty is allowed by statute, and it is not prescribed in whose name suit therefor may be commenced, suit must be brought in the name of the State. (R.C., c. 35, ss. 47, 48; Code, ss. 1212, 1213; Rev., ss. 401, 402; C.S., s. 447.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-59 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-59 - Suit for penalty, plaintiff may reply fraud to plea of release.

 1-59. Suit for penalty, plaintiff may reply fraud to plea of release.If an action be brought in good faith by any person to recover a penalty under a law of this State, or of the United States, and the defendant shall set up in bar thereto a former judgment recovered by or against him in a former action brought by any other person for the same cause, then the plaintiff in such action, brought in good faith, may reply that the said former judgment was obtained by covin; and if the collusion or covin so averred be found, the plaintiff in the action sued with good faith shall have recovery; and no release made by such party suing in covin, whether before action brought or after, shall be in anywise available or effectual. (4 Hen. VII, c. 20; R.C., c. 31, s. 100; Code, s. 932; Rev., s. 1521; C.S., s. 447(a); 1925, c. 21.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-60 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-60 - Suit on bonds; defendant may plead satisfaction.

 1-60. Suit on bonds; defendant may plead satisfaction.When an action shall be brought on any single bill or on any judgment, if the defendant had paid the money due upon such bill or judgment before action brought, or where the defendant hath made satisfaction to the plaintiff of the money due on such bill or judgment in other manner than by payment thereof, such payment or satisfaction may be pleaded in bar of such action; and where only part of the money due on such single bill or judgment hath been paid by the defendant, or satisfied in other manner than by payment of money, such part payment or part satisfaction may be pleaded in bar of so much of the money due on such single bill or judgment, as the same may amount to; and where an action is brought on any bond which hath a condition or defeasance to make void the same upon the payment of a lesser sum at a day or place certain, if the obligor, his heirs, executors or administrators have, before the action brought, paid to the obligee, his executor or administrator, the principal and interest due by the condition or defeasance of such bond, though such payments were not made strictly according to the condition or defeasance; or if such obligor, his heirs, executors or administrators have before action brought made satisfaction to the plaintiff of the principal and interest due by the condition or defeasance of such bond, in other manner than by payment thereof, yet the said payment or satisfaction may be pleaded in bar of such action, and shall be effectual as a bar thereof, in like manner as if the money had been paid at the day and place, according to the condition or defeasance, and so pleaded. (4 Hen. VII, c. 20; R.C., c. 31, s. 101; Code, s. 933; Rev., s. 1522; C.S., s. 147(b); 1925, c. 21.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-62 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-62 - Action by purchaser under judicial sale.

 1-62. Action by purchaser under judicial sale.Anyone given possession under a judicial sale confirmed, where the title is retained as a security for the price, is the legal owner of the property for all purposes of bringing suits for injuries thereto, after the day of sale, by trespass or wrongful possession, in the same manner as if the title had been conveyed to him on day of sale, unless restrained by some order of the court directing the sale; and the suit brought is under the control of the court ordering the sale. (1858-9, c. 50; Code, s. 942; Rev., s. 403; C.S., s. 448.)