reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 41-312 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 41 - Personal Property|Chapter 3 - Civil Asset Forfeiture|§ 41-312. Reporting requirements

By January 1, 2016, and on an annual basis thereafter, the Metropolitan Police Department and the Office of the Attorney General shall file with the Council of the District of Columbia and publish on their websites a report providing the following information for the preceding year: (1) The number of seizures and the number of forfeitures, by type of property seized; (2) The total quantity of each type of property seized and of each type of property forfeited; (3) The number of seizures and the number of forfeitures by type of asserted violation of District law that gave rise to the seizure or forfeiture; (4) The number of libels of information that were filed under §  41-307, by outcome; (5) The number of times the District exercised its authority pursuant to §  41-305(c) and determined the property to be forfeitable and the number of times the District determined the property was not forfeitable; (6) The number of seizures where the District either did not file a libel of information pursuant to §  41-307 or withdrew a libel of information, excluding seizures where the District had the authority to determine forfeitures pursuant to §  41-305(c); (7) The number of settlements reached between the District and an owner, pursuant to §  41-306(d); (8) Amount of currency received from forfeiture listed separately according to the provision of the District of Columbia law that gave rise to the forfeiture; (9) Gross and net proceeds received from forfeiture, listed separately according to the provision of District law giving rise to the forfeiture; (10) By type of property, the number of seized items determined to be returnable for which the District does not have on file a receipt of return as required by §  41-309(b); and (11) The total quantity of each type of property seized for forfeiture that the District treated as abandoned under §§  5-119.01 through 5-119.10 and §§  5-119.12 through 5-119.19, and §  5-119.11.  (June 16, 2015, D.C. Law 20-278, § 112, 62 DCR 1920.)
DC Code § 41-313 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 41 - Personal Property|Chapter 3 - Civil Asset Forfeiture|§ 41-313. Remission or mitigation

(a) Whenever an owner files with the Mayor, either before or after the sale or disposition of property pursuant to §  41-310, a petition for remission or mitigation of the forfeiture, the Mayor shall consider the petition and, if the Mayor finds that mitigating circumstances so justify, shall remit or mitigate the forfeiture upon the terms and conditions as the Mayor deems reasonable. (b) The Mayor shall consider as a mitigating circumstance whether the forfeiture of property was proportional to the seriousness of the asserted violation of District law that gave rise to forfeiture, considering the factors set forth in §  41-308(e)(2).  (June 16, 2015, D.C. Law 20-278, § 113, 62 DCR 1920.)
DC Code § 41-314 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 41 - Personal Property|Chapter 3 - Civil Asset Forfeiture|§ 41-314. Rule of lenity; construction

(a) Any ambiguities in this chapter relating to the District taking property through forfeiture shall be resolved in favor of the owner. (b) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit law enforcement from seizing and retaining property as evidence in a criminal case.  (June 16, 2015, D.C. Law 20-278, § 114, 62 DCR 1920.)
DC Code § 41-315 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 41 - Personal Property|Chapter 3 - Civil Asset Forfeiture|§ 41-315. Rules

The Mayor, pursuant to subchapter I of Chapter 5 of Title 2 [§ 2-501 et seq.], may issue rules to implement the provisions of this chapter.  (June 16, 2015, D.C. Law 20-278, § 115, 62 DCR 1920.)
DC Code § 42-201 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 2 - Conservation Easements|§ 42-201. Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter, the term: (1) “Conservation easement” means a nonpossessory interest of a holder in real property imposing limitations or affirmative obligations the purposes of which include retaining or protecting natural, scenic, or open-space values of real property, ensuring its availability for agricultural, forestal, recreational, or open-space use, protecting natural resources, maintaining or enhancing air or water quality, or preserving the historical, architectural, archaeological, or cultural aspects of real property. (2) “Holder” means 1 of the following: (A) A governmental body empowered to hold an interest in real property under the laws of the District of Columbia or the United States; or (B) A charitable corporation, charitable association, or charitable trust, the purposes or powers of which include retaining or protecting the natural, scenic, or open-space values of real property, ensuring the availability of real property for agricultural, forestal, recreational, or open-space use, protecting natural resources, maintaining or enhancing air or water quality, or preserving the historical, architectural, archaeological, or cultural aspects of real property. (3) “Third-party right of enforcement” means a right provided in a conservation easement to enforce any of its terms granted to a governmental body, charitable corporation, charitable association, or charitable trust, which, although eligible to be a holder, is not a holder.  (May 16, 1986, D.C. Law 6-113, § 2, 33 DCR 1996.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-2601. Section References This section is referenced in § 42-202. Editor's Notes Community Development Block Grant Program: Pursuant to Resolution 6-768, the “Community Development Block Grant Program Resolution of 1986,” effective July 8, 1986, the Council authorized the Mayor to revise the proposed final statement to include the homestead housing preservation program as an activity to permit the use of CDBG funds for initial program staff, approved the revised final statement, and authorized the Mayor to submit the revised final statement to HUD. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 1 of the Uniform Conservation Easement Act.
DC Code § 42-202 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 2 - Conservation Easements|§ 42-202. Exemption from recordation and transfer tax

(a)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a conservation easement may be created, conveyed, recorded, assigned, released, modified, terminated, or otherwise altered or affected in the same manner as other easements, provided that the recordation of any conservation easement as defined in § 42-201, or of any assignment, release, modification, termination, or other alteration of a conservation easement shall be exempt from the recordation tax imposed by § 42-1103, and from the transfer tax imposed by § 47-903. (2) The exemption provided for in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not apply if the consideration for the conservation easement exceeds $100 in value. (b) No right or duty in favor of or against a person having a third-party right of enforcement arises under a conservation easement before its acceptance by the holder and a recordation of the acceptance. (c) Except as provided in § 42-203(b), a conservation easement is unlimited in duration unless the instrument creating it otherwise provides. (d) An interest in real property in existence at the time a conservation easement is created is not impaired by it unless the owner of the interest is a party to the conservation easement or consents to it. (e) A conservation easement is valid even under the following circumstances: (1) It is not appurtenant to an interest in real property; (2) It can be or has been assigned to another holder; (3) It is not of a character that has been recognized traditionally at common law; (4) It imposes a negative burden; (5) It imposes affirmative obligations upon the owner of an interest in the burdened property or upon the holder; (6) The benefit does not touch or concern real property; or (7) There is no privity of estate or of contract.  (May 16, 1986, D.C. Law 6-113, § 3, 33 DCR 1996; Apr. 30, 1988, D.C. Law 7-104, § 25, 35 DCR 147.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-2602. Cross References Tax on deeds, imposition and return, see § 42-1103. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon §§ 2 and 4 of the Uniform Conservation Easement Act.
DC Code § 42-202.01 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 2 - Conservation Easements|§ 42-202.01. Rights of the holder of a conservation easement

Whenever a recorded conservation easement has been registered with the Mayor, written consent of the holder of the registered and recorded conservation easement shall be required prior to the recordation of a subdivision by the Office of the Surveyor, and to the issuance of a permit for construction, demolition, alteration, or repair, except solely for interior work. With respect to the affected property, a conservation easement shall be deemed registered with the Mayor 10 days after proof of a recorded conservation easement is presented to the Historic Preservation Division of the Building and Land Regulation Administration, Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs.  (May 16, 1986, D.C. Law 6-113, § 3a; as added Mar. 17, 1993, D.C. Law 9-233, § 2, 40 DCR 603.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-2602.1.
DC Code § 42-203 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 2 - Conservation Easements|§ 42-203. Persons who may bring actions

(a) An action affecting a conservation easement may be brought by 1 of the following: (1) An owner of an interest in the real property burdened by the easement; (2) A holder of the easement; (3) A person having a third-party right of enforcement; or (4) A person authorized by other law. (b) This chapter does not affect the power of a court to modify or terminate a conservation easement in accordance with the principles of law and equity.  (May 16, 1986, D.C. Law 6-113, § 4, 33 DCR 1996.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-2603. Section References This section is referenced in § 42-202. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 3 of the Uniform Conservation Easement Act.
DC Code § 42-204 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 2 - Conservation Easements|§ 42-204. Affected interests

(a) This chapter applies to any interest created after May 16, 1986, which complies with this chapter, whether designated as a conservation easement or as a covenant, equitable servitude, restriction, easement, or otherwise. (b) This chapter applies to any interest created before May 16, 1986, if it would have been enforceable had it been created after May 16, 1986, unless retroactive application contravenes the laws of the District of Columbia or the United States. (c) This chapter does not invalidate any interest, whether designated as a conservation or preservation easement, a covenant, equitable servitude, restriction, easement, or otherwise, that is enforceable under other law of the District of Columbia. (d) Repealed. (e)(1) The deduction of a qualified conservation contribution as claimed under section 170 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. § 170] shall be allowed under § 47-1803.03. (2) The conservation easement shall qualify as a qualified conservation contribution notwithstanding the inclusion of a provision in the easement that permits the creation of a lien on behalf of the holder of a conservation easement for the purposes of enforcing the easement, which lien does not have precedence over other lienholders, mortgagees, or holders of a deed of trust. (3) This subsection shall apply to all instruments recorded at the Recorder of Deeds.  (May 16, 1986, D.C. Law 6-113, § 5, 33 DCR 1996; Oct. 1, 2002, D.C. Law 14-190, § 902, 49 DCR 6968; Apr. 4, 2003, D.C. Law 14-282, §§ 12, 13, 50 DCR 896.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-2604. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 14-190 added subsec. (d). D.C. Law 14-282 repealed subsec. (d); and added subsec. (e). Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 902 of Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2002 (D.C. Act 14-453, July 23, 2002, 49 DCR 8026). For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see § 13 of Tax Clarity and Related Amendments Emergency Act of 2002 (D.C. Act 14-456, July 23, 2002, 49 DCR 8107). For temporary (90 day) amendment of section, see §§ 13(a) and 14 of Tax Clarity and Related Amendments Congressional Review Emergency Act of 2002 (D.C. Act 14-510, October 23, 2002, 49 DCR 10247). Temporary Legislation For temporary (225 day) amendment of section, see § 14 of the Tax Clarity and Related Amendments Temporary Act of 2002 (D.C. Law 14-228, Mar. 25, 2003, law notification 50 DCR 2741). Short Title Short title of title IX of Law 14-190: Section 901 of D.C. Law 14-190 provided that title IX of the act may be cited as the Conservation Easement Deed of Gift Clarification Amendment Act of 2002. This title was repealed by D.C. Law 14-282. References in Text Section 170 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (e), is classified to 26 U.S.C. § 170. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 5 of the Uniform Conservation Easement Act.
DC Code § 42-205 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 2 - Conservation Easements|§ 42-205. Application and construction of chapter

This chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the laws with respect to the subject of the chapter among states enacting it.  (May 16, 1986, D.C. Law 6-113, § 6, 33 DCR 1996.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-2605. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 6 of the Uniform Conservation Easement Act.
DC Code § 42-301 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 3 - Conveyable Estates and Methods of Conveyance|§ 42-301. Present or future and vested or contingent interests conveyed by deed or will

Any interest in or claim to real estate whether entitling to present or future possession and enjoyment, and whether vested or contingent, may be disposed of by deed or will, and any estate which would be good as an executory devise may be created by deed.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1269, ch. 854, § 512; June 30, 1902, 32 Stat. 532, ch. 1329.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-301. 1973 Ed., § 45-101. Cross References Statute of frauds, see §§ 28-3501 and 28-3503. Editor's Notes Severance of joint tenancies: This section and § 42-305 do not supersede the common law rule authorizing the unilateral severance of joint tenancies. Estate of Gulledge, App. D.C., 673 A.2d 1278 (1996).
DC Code § 42-302 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 3 - Conveyable Estates and Methods of Conveyance|§ 42-302. Perpetuities — Charitable uses excepted. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1351, ch. 854, § 1023; Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 403, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-302. 1973 Ed., § 45-102.
DC Code § 42-303 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 3 - Conveyable Estates and Methods of Conveyance|§ 42-303. Perpetuities—Chattels real. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1351, ch. 854, § 1024; Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 403, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-303. 1973 Ed., § 45-103.
DC Code § 42-304 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 3 - Conveyable Estates and Methods of Conveyance|§ 42-304. Perpetuities—Effect upon estates created by deed or will. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1351, ch. 854, § 1025; Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 403, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-304. 1973 Ed., § 45-104.
DC Code § 42-305 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 3 - Conveyable Estates and Methods of Conveyance|§ 42-305. Title conveyable by anyone claiming such

Any person claiming title to land may convey his interest in the same, notwithstanding there may be an adverse possession thereof.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1269, ch. 854, § 513.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-305. 1973 Ed., § 45-105. Editor's Notes Severance of joint tenancies: This section and § 42-301 do not supersede the common law rule authorizing the unilateral severance of joint tenancies. Estate of Gulledge, App. D.C., 673 A.2d 1278 (1996).
DC Code § 42-306 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 3 - Conveyable Estates and Methods of Conveyance|§ 42-306. Deed or will necessary for more than one-year term or for limitation upon such

(a) For the purposes of this section, “commercial lease” means a lease for nonresidential real property. (b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, no estate of inheritance, or for life, or for a longer term than 1 year, in any real property, corporeal or incorporeal, in the District of Columbia, or any declaration or limitation of uses in the same, for any of the estates mentioned, shall be created or take effect, except by deed signed and sealed by the grantor, lessor, or declarant, in person or by power of attorney or by will. (c) Commercial leases for a longer term than 1 year in any real property in the District of Columbia may be signed on behalf of the owner of real property by an authorized agent.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1267, ch. 854, § 492; June 30, 1902, 32 Stat. 531, ch. 1329; June 11, 1992, D.C. Law 9-116, § 2, 39 DCR 3186; Apr. 27, 1994, D.C. Law 10-110, § 2(a), 41 DCR 1023.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-306. 1973 Ed., § 45-106. Section References This section is referenced in § 42-401. Cross References Effective date of deeds, see § 42-401. Statute of frauds, see §§ 28-3501, 28-3503.
DC Code § 42-307 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 3 - Conveyable Estates and Methods of Conveyance|§ 42-307. Perpetuities; pensions and employee trusts excepted. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 428, Pub. L. 86-201, § 1; Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 403, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-307. 1973 Ed., § 45-107.
DC Code § 42-401 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 4 - Deed Effective and Recordation Dates|§ 42-401. Effective date of deeds; exception

Any deed conveying real property in the District, or interest therein, or declaring or limiting any use or trust thereof, executed and acknowledged and certified as provided in §§ 42-101, 42-121 to 42-123 [repealed], 42-306, and 42-602 and delivered to the person in whose favor the same is executed, shall be held to take effect from the date of the delivery thereof, except that as to creditors and subsequent bona fide purchasers and mortgagees without notice of said deed, and others interested in said property, it shall only take effect from the time of its delivery to the Recorder of Deeds for record.  (Apr. 29, 1878, 20 Stat. 39, ch. 69; Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1268, ch. 854, § 499; June 30, 1902, 32 Stat. 531, ch. 1329.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-801. 1973 Ed., § 45-501. Section References This section is referenced in § 42-2002. Cross References Horizontal property regimes, record defined, see § 42-2002. Recording instrument by one who has no color of title, penalties, see § 22-1402. References in Text Sections 42-121 to 42-123, referred to in this section, were repealed March 6, 1991, by § 12(a) of D.C. Law 8-205.
DC Code § 42-402 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 4 - Deed Effective and Recordation Dates|§ 42-402. Defective grants recorded before April 27, 1994

(a) Any instrument recorded in the Office of the Recorder of Deeds before April 27, 1994, shall be effective notwithstanding the existence of 1 or more of the failures in the formal requisites listed in § 42-404, unless the failure was challenged in a judicial proceeding commenced within 6 months from April 27, 1994. (b) Nothing in this section shall affect the validity of instruments recorded before April 27, 1994, which have been validated by prior law.  (Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 854, § 499a; as added Apr. 27, 1994, D.C. Law 10-110, § 2(e), 41 DCR 1023.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-801.1. Section References This section is referenced in § 42-404.
DC Code § 42-403 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 4 - Deed Effective and Recordation Dates|§ 42-403. Defective grants recorded on or after April 27, 1994

Any instrument recorded in the Office of the Recorder of Deeds on or after April 27, 1994, shall be effective notwithstanding the existence of 1 or more of the failures in the formal requisites listed in § 42-404, unless the failure is challenged in a judicial proceeding commenced within 6 months after the instrument is recorded.  (Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 854, § 499b; as added Apr. 27, 1994, D.C. Law 10-110, § 2(f), 41 DCR 1023.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-801.2. Section References This section is referenced in § 42-404.
DC Code § 42-404 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 4 - Deed Effective and Recordation Dates|§ 42-404. Failures in formal requisites of an instrument

(a) The failures in the formal requisites of an instrument that may be cured by this act are: (1) An omission of an acknowledgment or a defective or improper acknowledgment; (2) A failure to attach a clerk’s certificate; (3) An omission of a notary seal or other seal; or (4) An omission of an attestation. (b) Nothing in this act shall be construed to eliminate the requirement that a deed be under seal. Any deed accepted for recordation without a seal but made effective by operation of this act shall be deemed a sealed instrument. (c) Nothing in this act shall be construed to validate any instrument with respect to which there was any misrepresentation, fraudulent act, or illegal provision in connection with its execution or acknowledgment. (d) Any person convicted of a fraudulent act, in connection with the validation of any instrument under §§ 42-101, 42-402, 42-403, and 42-602 shall be subject to the penalties set forth in § 22-3222.  (Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 854, § 499c; as added Apr. 27, 1994, D.C. Law 10-110, § 2(g), 41 DCR 1023.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-801.3. Section References This section is referenced in § 42-402 and § 42-403. References in Text “This act,” referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, is the Act of March 3, 1901, ch. 854. The Act of March 3, 1901 enacted a code of laws for the District of Columbia.
DC Code § 42-406 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 4 - Deed Effective and Recordation Dates|§ 42-406. First recorded deed preferred

When 2 or more deeds of the same property are made to bona fide purchasers for value without notice, the deed or deeds which are first recorded according to law shall be preferred.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1268, ch. 854, § 500.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-802. 1973 Ed., § 45-502.
DC Code § 42-408 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 4 - Deed Effective and Recordation Dates|§ 42-408. Record of conveyance by infant or infant trustee as evidence

The record or a copy thereof of any deed recorded shall be evidence thereof, in the same manner and shall have the same effect as if such deed had been originally executed, acknowledged, and recorded according to law.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1271, ch. 854, § 519; June 30, 1902, 32 Stat. 532, ch. 1329; Apr. 18, 1996, D.C. Law 11-110, § 47, 43 DCR 530.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-804. 1973 Ed., § 45-504.
DC Code § 42-409 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 42 - Real Property|Chapter 4 - Deed Effective and Recordation Dates|§ 42-409. Bonds and contracts relating to land recordable

Any title bond or other written contract in relation to land may be acknowledged, certified, and recorded in the same manner and with like effect as to notice as deeds for the conveyance of land.  (Mar. 3, 1901, 31 Stat. 1268, ch. 854, § 501; June 30, 1902, 32 Stat. 531, ch. 1329.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 45-805. 1973 Ed., § 45-505.