reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 32-6-134 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 1 - Commercial Property|§ 32-6-134. Procedure by Department Upon Discovery of Violation of Code Section 32-6-131; Liability for Expenses Incurred in Connection With Changes Made in Commercial Driveways

  Upon discovery of a violation of Code Section 32-6-131, the department shall give written notice by certified mail or statutory overnight delivery to the offender to commence removing any offending condition within ten days of receipt of such notice. Upon failure to comply with such notice or to complete such work within a reasonable time after such notice, the department may remove, prevent, or rectify any offending condition by barricading or closing the commercial driveway or a portion thereof, or by other methods, and certify the expenses thereof for collection to the Attorney General.   Where, in accordance with Code Section 32-6-132, a change is made in a commercial driveway in existence on July 1, 1973, the department shall be liable for the expenses thereof, provided that the commercial driveway so changed did not, before such change, provide an unsafe and unreasonable access from the abutting property, considering that there exists in the owner of the abutting property a private property right to have a reasonable access from such property to the public road as the same was and would have continued to be according to the mode of its original use. Before making any change or substitution in a commercial driveway in existence on July 1, 1973, when the department has determined that it shall not bear the expenses thereof, the department first shall give written notice to the abutting property owner to begin within 90 days the necessary change in or substitution of the driveway, provided that in the case of a nuisance such notice need be given only ten days in advance. Upon failure of the abutting property owner to complete the necessary change or substitution, the department may perform the necessary work and certify the expenses thereof to the Attorney General for collection.    (Code 1933, § 95A-945, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 3.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 16, not codified by the General Assembly, provided that the 2000 amendment was applicable to notices delivered on or after July 1, 2000.
GA Code § 32-6-135 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 1 - Commercial Property|§ 32-6-135. Effect of Part on Authority of Counties and Municipalities to Regulate Highways, Roads, and Streets

 Nothing in this part is intended to limit the authority of a county or a municipality to regulate highways, roads, or streets under their exclusive jurisdiction.   (Code 1933, § 95A-947, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-150 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 2 - Subdivisions|§ 32-6-150. "Subdivision" Defined

 As used in this part, the term "subdivision" means all divisions of a tract or parcel of land into two or more lots, buildings, sites, or other divisions for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of sale, legacy, or building development; includes all division of land involving a new public road or a change in existing public roads or new drives, driveways, access ways, or changes that require access to the state right of way; includes resubdivision; and, where appropriate to the context, relates to the process of subdividing or to the land or area subdivided; provided, however, that the following are not included within this definition:    The combination or recombination of portions of previously platted lots where the total number of lots is not increased and the resultant lots are equal to the standards of the municipality; and   The division of land into parcels of five acres or more where no new street is involved.    (Code 1933, § 95A-948, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 2003, p. 613, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-151 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 2 - Subdivisions|§ 32-6-151. Department Recommendation as to Approval or Rejection of a Proposed Subdivision Plat Abutting Any Part of or Requiring Access to the State Highway System

 A planning commission shall submit two copies of the proposed subdivision plat to the department if such proposed subdivision includes or abuts on any part of the state highway system or where the proposed subdivision requires access to the state highway system. The department, within 30 days of receipt of the plat, shall recommend approval and note its recommendation on the copy to be returned to the planning commission or recommend rejection. Failure of the department to act within this 30 day period shall constitute approval. If the plat is recommended for rejection, the reasons for rejection and requirements for approval shall be given the commission in writing; such rejection shall be binding on the planning commission unless the planning commission, by official action recorded in its minutes, overrules such department action.   (Code 1933, § 95A-949, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 2003, p. 613, § 2.)   Cross references.   - Regulation of sale of subdivided lands generally, § 44-3-1 et seq.
GA Code § 32-6-152 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 2 - Subdivisions|§ 32-6-152. Department Approval or Rejection of Plat Submitted by Proprietor of Subdivision Abutting Any Part of or Requiring Access to the State Highway System

 The proprietor of a subdivision to be developed within a county or municipality which has not created a planning commission shall submit three copies of the plat to the department if such a proposed subdivision includes or abuts on any part of the state highway system or where the proposed subdivision requires access to the state highway system. The department, within 30 days of receipt of the plan, shall approve or reject it, with written reasons for such rejection and requirements for approval, and note such action on the copy to be returned to the proprietor as well as on the copy to be returned to the county or municipal governing authority concerned. Such rejection shall be binding on the county or municipality concerned unless the county or municipal governing authority concerned, by official action recorded in its minutes, overrules such department action. Failure of the department to act within the 30 day period provided in this Code section shall constitute approval.   (Code 1933, § 95A-950, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 2003, p. 613, § 3.)   Cross references.   - Regulation of sale of subdivided lands generally, § 44-3-1 et seq.
GA Code § 32-6-153 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 2 - Subdivisions|§ 32-6-153. Factors to Be Considered by Department in Making Recommendations to Planning Commissions and in Approving or Rejecting Plats

 Where the department is required to make recommendations to a planning commission under Code Section 32-6-151 or to approve a proposed plat under Code Section 32-6-152, the department, in addition to considering other factors, shall base its recommendation or approval on the following being provided for in the plat:    Dedication to the department in fee simple of any portion of the subdivision which includes any part of the state highway system, such dedication to include land necessary for future widening of the state highway system; and   An adequate provision for traffic safety in laying out public roads, drives, driveways, or access ways which enter the state highway system.    (Code 1933, § 95A-951, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 2003, p. 613, § 4.)
GA Code § 32-6-154 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 2 - Subdivisions|§ 32-6-154. Effect of Part on Requirement as to Commercial Driveway Permit

 Nothing in this part shall dispense with the requirement of obtaining a commercial driveway permit as set forth in Part 1 of this article.   (Code 1933, § 95A-952, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-172 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 1 - In General|§ 32-6-172. Authority of Department to Obtain Replacement Right of Way for Relocated Utility

  Whenever a public road improvement necessitates the acquisition by the department of a utility's privately owned rights of way and the relocation of such utility's facilities, the department may, with the written consent of the utility, provide a replacement right of way.   Whenever a public road improvement requires the relocation of a utility occupying public road rights of way, the department may, at the written request of such utility, provide to the utility a right of way which is not on a public road right of way. In this event, the utility shall reimburse the department for the acquisition costs.   Title to property acquired for utility relocations under subsection (a) or (b) of this Code section and as authorized by Code Section 32-3-1 may be transferred to such utility as authorized in Code Section 32-7-3. However, the procedures for sale of property as set forth in Code Section 32-7-4 shall not be applicable to the transfer of property acquired for utility relocation. Any such property transfer to the utility shall be conveyed by the execution of a quitclaim deed by the commissioner.    (Code 1933, § 95A-1003, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Constitutionality of state legislation to reimburse public utilities for cost of relocating their facilities because of highway construction, conditioned upon federal reimbursement of the state under the terms of Federal-Aid Highway Act (23 U.S.C. § 123), 75 A.L.R.2d 419.
GA Code § 32-6-173 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 1 - In General|§ 32-6-173. Payment of Expenses of Removal and Relocation of Utility Facilities

 The expenses incurred by the department as a result of utility removal and relocation pursuant to subsection (b) of Code Section 32-6-171, including the cost of acquiring new land or interests therein pursuant to subsection (b) of Code Section 32-6-172, shall be paid out of the available appropriations of the department for the construction or maintenance of public roads. A statement of such expenses shall be submitted to the utility, which shall make payment to the department. In the event the utility does not make payment or arrange to make payment to the department within 60 days after the receipt of said statement, the department shall certify the amount for collection to the Attorney General. However, nothing in this Code section shall restrict the authority of the department pursuant to Code Section 32-6-170 to pay any or all of the expenses of removal and relocation of government owned utilities; and, furthermore, nothing in this article shall be construed so as to deprive any utility, relocated from a location in which it owned a property interest, of compensation for such property interest.   (Code 1933, § 95A-1004, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Constitutionality of state legislation to reimburse public utilities for cost of relocating their facilities because of highway construction, conditioned upon federal reimbursement of the state under the terms of Federal-Aid Highway Act (23 U.S.C. § 123), 75 A.L.R.2d 419.
GA Code § 32-6-174 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 1 - In General|§ 32-6-174. Promulgation of Regulations by Department

 The department may promulgate reasonable regulations governing the installation, construction, maintenance, renewal, removal, and relocation of pipes, mains, conduits, cables, wires, poles, towers, tracks, traffic and other such signals, and other equipment and appliances of any utility in, on, along, over, or under any part of the state highway system or any public road project which the department has undertaken or agreed to undertake or which has been completed by the department pursuant to its authority. In addition to the requirements of such department regulations, it shall be the responsibility of the utility to obtain whatever franchise is required by law.   (Code 1933, § 95A-1005, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   Law reviews.   - For annual survey of administrative law, see 56 Mercer L. Rev. 31 (2004). For annual survey of local government law, see 57 Mercer L. Rev. 289 (2005).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Georgia Power Co. v. Collum, 176 Ga. App. 61, 334 S.E.2d 922 (1985).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - State regulation of rates to consumers of gas or electricity transported across state lines for light or power purposes, 7 A.L.R. 1094.   Constitutionality of state legislation to reimburse public utilities for cost of relocating their facilities because of highway construction, conditioned upon federal reimbursement of the state under the terms of Federal-Aid Highway Act (23 U.S.C. § 123), 75 A.L.R.2d 419.   Placement, maintenance, or design of standing utility pole as affecting private utility's liability for personal injury resulting from vehicle's collision with pole within or beside highway, 51 A.L.R.4th 602.
GA Code § 32-6-175 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 1 - In General|§ 32-6-175. Right to Injunctive Relief

 The department, the county or municipality, or the railroad or utility concerned may petition for an injunction to enforce the performance of any duty or act imposed by this article or for an order to restrain the breach of any duty or the commission of any act imposed or prohibited or unauthorized by this article.   (Code 1933, § 95A-1019, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Liability of highway district for damages for improper condition of highway, 49 A.L.R. 1075.
GA Code § 32-6-192 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 2 - Railroads|§ 32-6-192. Construction of Underpass or Overpass in Lieu of Grade Crossing

 When the department, the county, or the municipality having jurisdiction of a public road determines that it is reasonably necessary and in the public interest to use an underpass or overpass instead of a grade crossing at a new or relocated railroad track or tracks or at a new or relocated public road, the procedure to be followed, the division of costs, and the maintenance responsibilities shall be the same as are provided in Code Sections 32-6-194 through 32-6-198.   (Ga. L. 1927, p. 299, § 3; Code 1933, § 95-1903; Code 1933, § 95A-1015, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-193 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 2 - Railroads|§ 32-6-193. Authority of Department, Counties, and Municipalities to Eliminate Grade Crossings

 When it is reasonably necessary in the interest of public safety, the department, in respect to the state highway system, a county, in respect to its county road system, or a municipality, in respect to its municipal street system, may authorize and direct the elimination of a grade crossing by construction of an underpass or overpass or by physical removal of the grade crossing and barricading or removing the approaches thereto without construction of an underpass or overpass, provided that any grade crossing elimination shall be in accordance with this part and that no grade crossing on a county road system or municipal street system shall be eliminated by construction of an underpass or overpass upon order of the county or municipality until and unless the department shall approve the plans and specifications of the proposed construction. No grade crossing on a public road shall be permanently closed except by elimination in accordance with this part.   (Ga. L. 1927, p. 299, § 1; Code 1933, § 95-1902; Code 1933, § 95A-1008, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 2002, p. 1050, § 2.)   Law reviews.   - For note on the 2002 amendment of this Code section, see 19 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 213 (2002).
GA Code § 32-6-196 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 2 - Railroads|§ 32-6-196. Temporary Use of Railroad Rights of Way During Construction or Maintenance of Grade Separation Structures or Grade Crossing or Protective Devices

 All railroads shall permit the temporary use, free of cost, of so much of their rights of way as may be necessary during the construction or maintenance of any grade separation structures or any grade crossing or protective devices, provided that, whenever any employees or contractors of the department or of any county or municipality shall enter the right of way of any railroad, they shall be subject to any reasonable rules and regulations such railroad may make for the protection of its traffic, employees, passengers, and operations.   (Ga. L. 1927, p. 299, §§ 4, 13; Code 1933, §§ 95-1906, 95-1913; Code 1933, § 95A-1010, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-197 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 2 - Railroads|§ 32-6-197. Responsibility for Maintenance of Overpasses and Underpasses

  It shall be the duty of the department to maintain all overpasses involving railroads on the state highway system.   It shall be the duty of the county or the municipality to maintain at its own expense the drainage, surface, pavement, approaches, and guardrails of all overpasses involving railroads on its respective public road system. It shall be the duty of the railroad involved to maintain at its own expense any floors constructed of wood and the foundations, piers, abutments, and superstructures of all overpasses on the county or municipal public road system.   It shall be the duty of the railroad or railroads involved to maintain all underpasses except the lighting, drainage, and pavement of the public roads thereunder, which shall be maintained by the department, counties, or municipalities on their respective public road systems.   All maintenance required by this Code section of the department shall be at the expense of the department, and all maintenance required by this Code section of the railroad shall be at the expense of such railroad, provided that the duty of maintenance imposed upon the department by this Code section shall not operate to subject the department to liability for damages resulting from any failure to maintain properly.   Except as provided in subsection (b) of Code Section 32-6-195, nothing in this article shall be construed as voiding agreements executed prior to July 1, 1973.    (Ga. L. 1927, p. 299, § 9; Code 1933, § 95-1909; Ga. L. 1950, p. 419, § 1; Code 1933, § 95A-1011, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 1985, p. 149, § 32.)
GA Code § 32-6-198 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 2 - Railroads|§ 32-6-198. Agreements as to Grade Crossing Elimination

 Nothing in this part shall be construed to prevent the department, a county, or a municipality from reaching special agreements with a railroad company providing for grade crossing elimination by means of relocation of either the railroad or public road involved or by other means not expressly provided for in this part and from arranging joint participation in the cost of such elimination in accordance with the procedures in Code Section 32-6-195.   (Ga. L. 1927, p. 299, § 12; Code 1933, § 95-1912; Code 1933, § 95A-1012, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Railroad may enter agreement to pay less than half of costs.   - Railroad and the State Highway Department (now Department of Transportation) may agree for joint participation in the cost of elimination of a grade crossing on the basis of less than 50 percent to the railroad. 1945-47 Op. Att'y Gen. p. 616.
GA Code § 32-6-199 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 6 - Public Utilities|Part 2 - Railroads|§ 32-6-199. Improvement of Existing Underpass or Overpass

 Whenever an existing underpass or overpass involving railroads is unsafe or inadequate to serve reasonably the traffic for which it was constructed, the department, the county, or the municipality may proceed to bring about improvement of said existing structure. In such event the procedure, division of the costs of construction, and maintenance responsibilities in regard to such improvement shall be as provided in Code Sections 32-6-194 through 32-6-198.   (Ga. L. 1927, p. 299, § 8; Code 1933, § 95-1908; Code 1933, § 95A-1013, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Restriction on authority of Public Service Commission to require railroad to reconstruct underpass, trestle, or grade crossing to accommodate motor vehicle exceeding 12 feet, six inches in height, § 46-8-133.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Specific defects within county's responsibility.    - Trial court did not err in granting summary judgment to the builder of a one-lane railroad overpass since the builder indisputably established that the specific defects alleged by the injured driver's expert were within the county's statutory responsibility. Crouch v. CSX Transp., Inc., 203 Ga. App. 618, 417 S.E.2d 216 (1992).   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   When department may expend funds for new overpasses.   - Department of Transportation may expend the department's funds for reconstruction of overpasses which the department has determined to be obsolete, inadequate, and unsafe to accommodate current highway traffic, or which have become so costly to maintain as to warrant replacement or reconstruction. 1971 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 71-125.   Department expenditure of funds to construct new overpasses.   - Department can expend the department's funds to construct new overpasses on same or new locations for purpose of replacing existing inadequate overpasses. 1971 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 71-125.