reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-226a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-226a - Special finding that action or defense without merit and not in good faith.

 In any civil action tried to a jury, after the return of a verdict and before judgment has been rendered thereon, or in any civil action tried to the court, not more than fourteen days after judgment has been rendered, the prevailing party may file a written motion requesting the court to make a special finding to be incorporated in the judgment or made a part of the record, as the case may be, that the action or a defense to the action was without merit and not brought or asserted in good faith. Any such finding by the court shall be admissible in any subsequent action brought pursuant to section 52-568.(P.A. 86-338, S. 8; P.A. 87-526, S. 2, 5; P.A. 00-196, S. 60.)History: P.A. 87-526 added “subsection (a) of”; P.A. 00-196 deleted reference to “subsection (a) of” Sec. 52-568.Cited. 214 C. 1.Cited. 44 CA 641.Cited. 41 CS 169.
CT Gen Stat § 52-227 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-227 - Judgment for or against some of the parties only.

 In any civil action in which a cause of action is sustained in favor of or against only a part of the parties thereto, judgment may be rendered in favor of or against such parties only; but any defendant against whom no recovery is obtained shall be entitled to costs.(1949 Rev., S. 7976.)See Sec. 52-257 re fees of parties in civil actions.Section includes suits against partners. 25 C. 394. The ground of failure is immaterial. 28 C. 362. Withdrawal of action against one defendant. 31 C. 217. Cited. 43 C. 82; 44 C. 311. Only one bill of costs can be allowed to several defendants. 45 C. 102. Cited. 47 C. 210. Applies to defendants described as partners. 61 C. 48. Applies to joint tortfeasors. 67 C. 255; 73 C. 428; 79 C. 417; 83 C. 27. Statute is permissive. 68 C. 496. Cited. Id., 511. If two defendants join in same defense, they stand or fall together. 75 C. 356. Applied. 99 C. 644. Right to give judgment for or against some only of parties does not affect rules as to removal of causes to U.S. courts. 114 U.S. 59. Cited. 166 C. 325.Cited. 4 CS 167; 8 CS 30. Limits the taxation in Sec. 52-257 to one bill of costs though there may be more than one prevailing party. Id., 324. Cited. 18 CS 106. Judgment allowable against one party in joint promise action. 30 CS 593.
CT Gen Stat § 52-228 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-228 - Judgment too large; remittitur; correction.

 If any judgment is rendered, by mistake or clerical error, for a larger sum than is due, the party recovering the judgment may have the amount of the judgment decreased by remittitur to the amount which is due, provided reasonable notice has been given to the adverse party or his attorney. The court may thereupon order the record of the judgment to be corrected, and affirm the judgment for the amount to which it has been decreased.(1949 Rev., S. 7961; P.A. 78-280, S. 104, 127; P.A. 82-160, S. 113.)History: P.A. 78-280 rephrased section and deleted reference to remittance of excess sum rendered in judgment by mistake or clerical error “at the same or any subsequent term or session of the court in which it was rendered”, reflecting fact that court now sits continuously; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Otherwise before statute. 4 C. 311. Applies where judgment exceeds damages claimed. 75 C. 255; Id., 263; 82 C. 619. Court may order; 69 C. 652; 71 C. 23; 78 C. 296; 81 C. 101; so Supreme Court may direct new trial unless part of damages remitted; 83 C. 278; 85 C. 24; Id., 611; 86 C. 319; 87 C. 686; so trial court may direct verdict to be set aside on same condition; 82 C. 171; and when court takes that course, party cannot take advantage of it after appeal. 89 C. 712. Where damages assessed as of wrong date, Supreme Court remanded case, with directions to set verdict aside unless remittitur filed. 93 C. 123. Court may in its discretion either order excessive verdict set aside unless remittitur filed or set it aside unconditionally. 126 C. 571. Action of trial court in ordering remittiturs will not be reversed unless the broad legal discretion vested in the trial court was abused. 147 C. 719. An obviously erroneous judgment can be corrected to conform to the finding of the trial court. 148 C. 504. Excessive judgment must be assigned as error on appeal. 154 C. 179. Cited. 230 C. 795.Cited. 26 CA 231; 32 CA 617; judgment reversed, see 230 C. 795.When court will set aside a verdict as excessive. 21 CS 233.
CT Gen Stat § 52-228a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-228a - Appeal from order of remittitur or additur.

 In any jury case where the court orders a decrease in the amount of the judgment or an increase in the amount of the judgment, the party aggrieved by the order of remittitur or additur may appeal as in any civil action. The appeal shall be on the issue of damages only, and judgment shall enter upon the verdict of liability and damages after the issue of damages is decided.(February, 1965, P.A. 605; 1972, P.A. 108, S. 10; P.A. 82-160, S. 114.)History: 1972 act applied provisions to cases where court orders an additur; P.A. 82-160 replaced “remittitur or additur” with “decrease in the amount of the judgment or an increase in the amount of the judgment”.Cited. 208 C. 82. Legislature provided explicit right to appeal under section not as replacement for Sec. 52-228b right to reject the additur, but as alternative recourse for plaintiff; this section and Sec. 52-228b are not inconsistent with one another. 246 C. 170.Cited. 2 CA 174; 35 CA 850. A party, having accepted an additur, lacks standing to appeal from the order granting that additur. 72 CA 327. When court rendered judgment in favor of plaintiff on same day she accepted additur, it essentially denied defendant opportunity to respond to additur by the deadline it previously had ordered; that denial contravenes provisions contained in Sec. 52-228b which allow parties a reasonable time in which to accept the additur; because court rendered judgment before allowing defendant either to accept or reject the additur, court acted improperly. 93 CA 309.
CT Gen Stat § 52-228c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-228c - Remittitur when noneconomic damages in negligence action against health care provider determined to be excessive.

 Whenever in a civil action to recover damages resulting from personal injury or wrongful death, whether in tort or in contract, in which it is alleged that such injury or death resulted from the negligence of a health care provider, the jury renders a verdict specifying noneconomic damages, as defined in section 52-572h, in an amount exceeding one million dollars, the court shall review the evidence presented to the jury to determine if the amount of noneconomic damages specified in the verdict is excessive as a matter of law in that it so shocks the sense of justice as to compel the conclusion that the jury was influenced by partiality, prejudice, mistake or corruption. If the court so concludes, it shall order a remittitur and, upon failure of the party so ordered to remit the amount ordered by the court, it shall set aside the verdict and order a new trial. For the purposes of this section, “health care provider” means a provider, as defined in subsection (b) of section 20-7b, or an institution, as defined in section 19a-490.(P.A. 05-275, S. 10.)History: P.A. 05-275 effective July 13, 2005.If the legislature, presumably aware of the Connecticut Supreme Court's remittitur jurisprudence, had wanted to ensure that remittitur decisions made pursuant to this section would be reviewed de novo, it could have expressly so required. 331 C. 777.
CT Gen Stat § 52-231 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-231 - Facts on which judgments found to appear on record.

 Each court shall keep a record of its proceedings and cause the facts on which it found its final judgments and decrees to appear on the record; and any such finding if requested by any party shall specially set forth such facts.(1949 Rev., S. 7979.)The facts found must justify the decree. 1 R. 207; 23 C. 83; Id., 536. Inferences of law from the facts found need not be expressly set forth. 29 C. 589. Judgment rendered without complying with statute is erroneous; decree not erroneous by insertion of immaterial facts. 47 C. 581. Cited. 60 C. 15; 69 C. 409; Id., 575. When statute does not preclude extrinsic evidence to explain judgment. 66 C. 248. Statute to be followed although no appeal is taken. 70 C. 504. Facts found form the basis of the judgment rendered. 72 C. 624. When finding must be made. Id., 613. Request for finding should ordinarily precede the judgment; should be liberally construed in aid of the jurisdiction of the Appellate Court. 73 C. 685. Purpose of statute; contents of judgment file in general. 83 C. 109. If all issues found for one party, judgment so stating good; otherwise facts must be found. 87 C. 617; 88 C. 118. Finding of “issue” construed to include all issues. 66 C. 249; 67 C. 74; 91 C. 378. If all issues not found for one party, judge should sign judgment file. 73 C. 360. Judgment file, not memorandum of decision or finding for appeal, shows issues decided. 72 C. 624; 73 C. 590; 76 C. 457; 78 C. 430; 80 C. 433; 87 C. 41. If facts not found, judgment file is defective. 74 C. 121; 109 C. 50. Should include only facts necessary to judgment; 75 C. 354; 88 C. 123; not those intended for appeal. 87 C. 31; Id., 617. Memorandum of decision as judgment. 76 C. 115; 82 C. 377; Id., 386; 89 C. 413. Finding as related to writ of error. 88 C. 143. If judgment for defendant is based on issues of answer, his counterclaim need not be mentioned. 73 C. 530. Issues not contained in recited allegations of judgment file are found not proven. 105 C. 510. Statute must be complied with in every case. 109 C. 51. Memorandum of decision is not judgment but merely a direction to enter judgment. Id., 50. Court has no power to make special finding after end of term in which judgment rendered. 112 C. 441. Improper to have special finding take place of finding made for purpose of appeal. 125 C. 622. Special finding cannot be claimed in connection with interlocutory ruling. 128 C. 295. Cited. 140 C. 457. Facts upon which a final judgment is predicated must appear in the judgment file. 141 C. 325. A judgment should not incorporate an exhibit since without a special order an exhibit does not remain part of the file. 147 C. 82. Court refused to make a particular finding since request not made until a week after judgment; not reviewed on appeal since party not harmed by the refusal. Id., 656. Cited. 164 C. 554; 180 C. 345; 212 C. 678.Cited. 12 CS 192; 13 CS 44; 33 CS 549.
CT Gen Stat § 52-231a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-231a - Filing of affidavit re other custody proceedings; visitation rights.

 Before any court enters any decree in a matter pending before it involving the custody of a minor child or children, an affidavit shall be filed with said court averring that there is no proceeding pending in any other court affecting the custody of such children or any of them or, if there is such a proceeding, a statement in detail of the nature of the proceeding and averring that the decree of the court would not conflict with or interfere with such other proceeding. For the purposes of this affidavit, visitation rights granted by the Superior Court shall not be considered as affecting the custody of such child or children.(P.A. 73-156, S. 22; P.A. 74-164, S. 14, 20; P.A. 75-164, S. 2, 3; P.A. 76-436, S. 134, 681.)History: P.A. 74-164 substituted “any court” for “the superior court, court of common pleas, juvenile court or a court of probate” and deleted provision specifying that “complaining party” must file required affidavit; P.A. 75-164 specified that visitation rights granted by court do not affect custody of children; P.A. 76-436 amended provision added by P.A. 75-164 to specify applicability to visitation rights granted by superior court rather than to those rights granted by “any” court, reflecting transfer of all trial jurisdiction to that court, effective July 1, 1978.Cited. 212 C. 63.Cited. 41 CS 258.
CT Gen Stat § 52-231b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-231b - Entry of order or judgment or approval of settlement that prohibits or restricts disclosure of sexual abuse of minor prohibited.

 In any action to recover damages for personal injury to a minor, including emotional distress, caused by sexual abuse, sexual exploitation or sexual assault, no court shall enter an order or judgment in such action, or approve a settlement of such action, that prohibits or restricts any person from disclosing information concerning such abuse, exploitation or assault to the Commissioner of Children and Families or a law enforcement agency.(P.A. 02-138, S. 19.)History: P.A. 02-138 effective May 23, 2002.
CT Gen Stat § 52-232 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-232 - Judge to file memorandum of decision on demurrer.

 Section 52-232 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7981; P.A. 78-379, S. 26, 27.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-233 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-233 - Certification of statutory appeals taken to a judge.

 Whenever any statutory appeal from the doings of any administrative or quasi-judicial board or person is taken to a judge of the Superior Court, such judge shall certify his doings thereon to the clerk of his court and such clerk shall thereupon enter such appeal upon the docket of such court in the same manner as in other civil actions.(1949 Rev., S. 7965; P.A. 76-436, S. 471, 681.)History: P.A. 76-436 removed appeals taken to court of common pleas from purview of section, reflecting transfer of all trial jurisdiction to superior court, effective July 1, 1978.See Sec. 4-183 re appeals to Superior Court from administrative proceedings.See Sec. 51-197b re administrative appeals.
CT Gen Stat § 52-234 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-234 - Time for entering of justice appeals.

 Section 52-234 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7966; 1959, P.A. 28, S. 204.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-235a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-235a - Declaratory judgment to determine orders of priorities.

 In any action in which order of priorities could be determined under scire facias proceedings, such orders of priorities may be determined by declaratory judgment proceedings.(1959, P.A. 118, S. 1.)Cited. 186 C. 329; 205 C. 604.
CT Gen Stat § 52-235b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-235b - Proceedings stayed if attorney unable to appear.

 If, prior to judgment, an attorney for any reason ceases to be a member of the bar or becomes physically or mentally incapacitated or otherwise disabled so as to prevent him from appearing in court in an action in which he has appeared for a client, further proceedings shall not be taken in the action against the client, without leave of the court, until thirty days after notice to appear in person or by another attorney has been served upon the client either personally or in such manner as the court directs.(1969, P.A. 797; P.A. 82-160, S. 117.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Phrase “otherwise disabled” applies to an attorney who, in respects or circumstances other than physical or mental incapacity, is rendered incapable of appearing in court, therefore, defendant's counsel who was in the process of being disbarred and required to attend his own suspension hearing on same day as the hearing on plaintiff's motion was “otherwise disabled”. 52 CA 69.
CT Gen Stat § 52-235c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-235c - Referral to alternative dispute resolution program. Stay of proceedings in court.

 The court may, upon stipulation of the parties, refer a civil action to an alternative dispute resolution program agreed to by the parties. The court shall not in any way impact or influence the alternative dispute resolution program selected by the parties. The court shall set a time limit on the duration of the referral, which shall not exceed ninety days. Such referral shall stay the time periods within which all further pleadings, motions, requests, discovery and other procedures must be filed or undertaken until such time as the alternative dispute resolution process is completed or the time period set by the court has elapsed, whichever occurs sooner.(P.A. 93-108, S. 5, 6.)History: P.A. 93-108 effective June 3, 1993.Cited. 226 C. 475.
CT Gen Stat § 52-235d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-235d - Mediation. Disclosure.

 (a) As used in this section, “mediation” means a process, or any part of a process, which is not court-ordered, in which a person not affiliated with either party to a lawsuit facilitates communication between such parties and, without deciding the legal issues in dispute or imposing a resolution to the legal issues, which assists the parties in understanding and resolving the legal dispute of the parties.(b) Except as provided in this section, by agreement of the parties or in furtherance of settlement discussions, a person not affiliated with either party to a lawsuit, an attorney for one of the parties or any other participant in a mediation shall not voluntarily disclose or, through discovery or compulsory process, be required to disclose any oral or written communication received or obtained during the course of a mediation, unless (1) each of the parties agrees in writing to such disclosure, (2) the disclosure is necessary to enforce a written agreement that came out of the mediation, (3) the disclosure is required by statute or regulation, or by any court, after notice to all parties to the mediation, or (4) the disclosure is required as a result of circumstances in which a court finds that the interest of justice outweighs the need for confidentiality, consistent with the principles of law.(c) Any disclosure made in violation of any provision of this section shall not be admissible in any proceeding.(d) Nothing in this section shall prevent (1) the discovery or admissibility of any evidence that is otherwise discoverable merely because such evidence was presented during the course of the mediation, or (2) the disclosure of information for research or educational purposes done in cooperation with dispute resolution programs provided the parties and specific issues in controversy are not identifiable.(P.A. 98-59, S. 1.)Denial of motion for judgment and denial of motion for order pursuant to Subsec. (b) were not appealable final judgments; plaintiffs did not have a colorable constitutional or statutory right, independent of the exercise of discretion of trial court, which would be irretrievably lost and irreparably harmed without immediate appellate review. 82 CA 148.
CT Gen Stat § 52-235e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-235e - Stay of proceedings in action against crime victim during pendency of criminal proceeding.

 Any civil action brought against a crime victim, as defined in section 1-1k, by a defendant in a criminal proceeding on account of the exercise or intended exercise by such crime victim of any right guaranteed under the first amendment to the United States Constitution, section 3, 4 or 14 of article first of the Constitution of the state or subsection b. of article twenty-ninth of the amendments to the Constitution of the state or any right provided to such crime victim by any provision of the general statutes, shall, upon motion of such crime victim, be stayed during the pendency of such criminal proceeding.(P.A. 01-211, S. 15.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-235f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-235f - Referral to arbitration of civil action involving claim for bodily injury arising out of motor vehicle accident.

 In any civil action where the party who brought the action is asserting a claim for bodily injury arising out of a motor vehicle accident, the court, at the request of all parties to the civil action, may refer the matter to an arbitrator chosen by the parties or their attorneys. The arbitration shall include parameters limiting the damage award that an injured party may receive. The finding of the arbitrator shall be binding upon the parties to the civil action exclusively for the purposes of such civil action. The damage award, if any, of the arbitrator shall not be used by or against any party to the arbitration in any subsequent civil action or proceeding.(P.A. 14-156, S. 1.)History: P.A. 14-156 effective July 1, 2014, and applicable to any civil action pending on or filed on or after that date.
CT Gen Stat § 52-236 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 901 - Damages, Costs and Fees|Section 52-236 - Actions on contract; evidence of damages since suit.

 In any action founded on contract, for the recovery of damages, the plaintiff may offer evidence of any damages that may have accrued from the same cause of action subsequent to the bringing of the action, provided he shall have given reasonable notice to the defendant of the damages which he intends to prove, and may recover judgment for the full amount of damages he may prove that he has sustained. The plaintiff, upon giving such notice, may, by leave of the court, increase the statement of amount in demand in the writ subject to the provisions of sections 52-91 and 52-259.(1949 Rev., S. 7982; P.A. 82-160, S. 219.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and deleted a provision which prohibited the plaintiff from increasing his demand by an amount which would carry it beyond the jurisdiction of the court and replaced it with a provision making an increase in the amount in demand “subject to the provisions of section 52-91 and section 52-259”.Applies to damage set up under a counterclaim. 64 C. 563. Has no application to a cause of action nonexistent when the suit was begun. 71 C. 425. Applied to action for breach of covenant in deed by lease not expiring until after action brought. 87 C. 169. Cited. 225 C. 804.Cited. 7 CS 247. Action for damages for breach of lease not within scope of a “debt or liquidated demand in money”; authorities reviewed. 17 CS 35. Cited. 37 CS 840.Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 284.