reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 13-20-202 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-202. Civil Causes Abolished

 All civil causes of action for breach of promise to marry, alienation of affections, criminal conversation, and seduction are hereby abolished.   History. Source: L. 37: P. 403, § 1. CSA: C. 24A, § 1. CRS 53: § 41-3-1 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-1 .    ANNOTATION   The general assembly has abolished the legal duties and rights of actions for alienation of affection even though they were recognized at common law. Goldberg v. Musim, 162 Colo. 461 , 427 P.2d 698 (1967).   It can do so under inherent police power. The general assembly had the power to abolish causes of action under the inherent police power of the state. Goldberg v. Musim, 162 Colo. 461 , 427 P.2d 698 (1967).   This section does not violate § 6 of art. II, Colo. Const., for the general assembly has the power to abolish substantive rights in order to attain a permissible legislative object. Goldberg v. Musim, 162 Colo. 461 , 427 P.2d 698 (1967).   Heart balm statute precludes only those causes of action, such as claims for criminal conversation, alienation of affections or seduction, that are specifically listed in the statute; thus, wife's claim against Catholic clergyman with whom she and husband had met for marriage counseling, for fiduciary breach and extreme and outrageous conduct in inducing wife to engage in sexual relationship with him, was not barred by heart balm statute. Destefano v. Grabrian, 763 P.2d 275 (Colo. 1988).   Limitation on application of section. This section should be applied no further than to bar actions for damages suffered from loss of marriage, humiliation, and other direct consequences of the breach, and should not affect rights and duties determinable by common-law principles. In re Heinzman, 40 Colo. App. 262, 579 P.2d 638 (1977), aff'd, 198 Colo. 36 , 596 P.2d 61 (1979).   This section cannot be relied upon to disallow recovery of conditional gift, particularly when the donee breaks the engagement to be married. In re Heinzman, 40 Colo. App. 262, 579 P.2d 638 (1977), aff'd, 198 Colo. 36 , 596 P.2d 61 (1979).
CO Code § 13-20-203 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-203. Breach of Contract to Marry Not Actionable

 No act done within this state shall operate to give rise, either within or without this state, to any of the rights of action abolished by this part 2. No contract to marry made or entered into in this state shall operate to give rise, either within or without this state, to any cause or right of action for the breach thereof, nor shall any contract to marry made in any other state give rise to any cause of action within this state for the breach thereof.   History. Source: L. 37: P. 404, § 3. CSA: C. 24A, § 3. CRS 53: § 41-3-2 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-2 .    ANNOTATION   Section not applicable to recovery of gift made on condition of marriage. This section bars actions for damages suffered from breach of promise to marry and other direct consequences of the breach, such as humiliation, but it should not be extended to affect common-law principles governing a gift to a fiancee made on condition of marriage, where the condition was broken by the donee. In re Heinzman, 198 Colo. 36 , 596 P.2d 61 (1979).
CO Code § 13-20-204 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-204. Certain Contracts Made in Settlement of Claims Void

  All contracts and instruments of every kind, name, nature, or description which may be executed within this state in payment, satisfaction, settlement, or compromise of any claim or cause of action abolished or barred by this part 2, whether such claim or cause of action arose within or without this state, are declared to be contrary to the public policy of this state and absolutely void. It is unlawful to cause, induce, or procure any person to execute such a contract or instrument; or cause, induce, or procure any person to give, pay, transfer, or deliver any money or thing of value in payment, satisfaction, settlement, or compromise of any such claim or cause of action; or to receive, take, or accept any such money or thing of value as such payment, satisfaction, settlement, or compromise. It is unlawful to commence or cause to be commenced, either as party, attorney, or agent or otherwise in behalf of either, in any court of this state any proceeding or action seeking to enforce or recover upon any such contract or instrument, knowing it to be such, whether the same was executed within or without this state.    This section shall not apply to the payment, satisfaction, settlement, or compromise of any causes of action which are not abolished or barred by this part 2, or any contracts or instruments executed on or before April 27, 1937, or to the bona fide holder in due course of any negotiable instrument which may be executed in pursuance of this statute.     History. Source: L. 37: P. 405, § 5. CSA: C. 24A, § 5. CRS 53: § 41-3-4 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-4 .
CO Code § 13-20-205 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-205. Unlawful to File Pleading

 It is unlawful for any person, either as litigant or attorney, to file, cause to be filed, threaten to file, or threaten to cause to be filed in any court of this state any pleading or paper setting forth or seeking to recover upon any cause of action abolished or barred by this part 2, whether such cause of action arose within or without this state.   History. Source: L. 37: P. 405, § 6. CSA: C. 24A, § 6. CRS 53: § 41-3-5 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-5 .
CO Code § 13-20-206 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-206. Unlawful to Name Corespondent

 It is unlawful for any person, either as litigant or attorney, to file, cause to be filed, threaten to file, or threaten to cause to be filed in any court of this state any pleading or paper naming or describing in such manner as to identify any person as corespondent or participant in misconduct of the adverse party in any action for dissolution of marriage, legal separation, declaration of invalidity of marriage, or the allocation of parental responsibilities or support of children, or in any citation or proceeding ancillary or subsequent to such action. In all such cases it is sufficient for such pleader to designate any such corespondent or third party in general language that is not sufficient for identification, and such general language shall operate with the same legal effect as complete naming and identification of the person would do; except that the adverse party may file a motion for a bill of particulars to secure such name, identity, or other facts. The granting of such motion, in whole or in part, rests in the sound discretion of the court; and, if ordered granted, the bill of particulars shall set forth the information specifically required by said order, but no further, and when filed the same shall be sealed, not to be opened without an order of the court. If the motion for a bill of particulars is granted, the party named in said bill of particulars shall be given five days' notice in writing prior to the filing of the same, said notice to be given either by personal service or by registered mail addressed to his last-known address.   History. Source: L. 37: P. 406, § 7. CSA: C. 24A, § 7. CRS 53: § 41-3-6 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-6 . L. 98: Entire section amended, p. 1392, § 26, effective February 1, 1999.
CO Code § 13-20-207 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-207. Corespondent Not to Be Disclosed - Cross-Examination - Effect

  No attorney appearing in any of the proceedings mentioned in section 13-20-206 on behalf of a party thereto asserting misconduct by the adverse party shall ask of any witness any question intended or calculated to disclose the name or identity of any third person charged as corespondent or participant in any such misconduct, nor shall any party or witness testifying on behalf of a party asserting misconduct by the adverse party name or identify any third person charged as a corespondent or participant in any such misconduct; except that, if the court in the exercise of sound discretion so orders, counsel for any party charged with any act of misconduct with a third person may be permitted to cross-examine a witness who has testified to any such act of misconduct concerning the identity of any such third person and, within such limits as the court may prescribe, such witness may make answer to questions so asked.    In all testimony in such actions, proceedings, and citations, designation of such corespondent or other alleged participant in misconduct by general language not sufficient for identification operates with the same legal effect as complete identification. The discretion vested in the court by this section shall be exercised in such manner as to avoid injustice to litigants, while at the same time avoiding so far as possible the public revelation of the name or identity of such third person, and to this end the court, in all such cases, may impound pleadings or other documents in the case and hear such testimony in chambers. This section shall not be construed to change the grounds for dissolution of marriage or impair the substantive rights of parties in those cases, but to regulate pleading, practice, and testimony therein so as to eliminate criminal intimidation and public scandal. The provisions of this section apply as well to the taking of testimony by deposition as to proceedings before the court. The deposition of any corespondent or participant in misconduct shall be taken behind closed doors and, when filed in court, shall be sealed, not to be opened without the order of the court. Any willful violation of any provision of this section by any attorney, party, or witness constitutes a direct contempt of the court having jurisdiction of the proceedings in which the same occurs and may be punished by the court with a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars as the court deems proper.     History. Source: L. 37: P. 407, § 8. CSA: C. 24A, § 8. CRS 53: § 41-3-7 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-7 . L. 72: P. 558, § 13.
CO Code § 13-20-208 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-208. Penalty for Violations

 [ ] Any person who violates any provision of sections 13-20-204 to 13-20-206 is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.  Editor's note: This version of this section is effective until March 1, 2022.  History. Source: L. 37: P. 408, § 9. CSA: C. 24A, § 9. CRS 53: § 41-3-8 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-8 . L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3158, § 155, effective March 1, 2022.    Editor's note:   Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.
CO Code § 13-20-208 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 2 - Actions Abolished - Marital|§ 13-20-208. Penalty for Violations

 [ ] Any person who violates any provision of sections 13-20-204 to 13-20-206 commits a petty offense.  Editor's note: This version of this section is effective March 1, 2022.  History. Source: L. 37: P. 408, § 9. CSA: C. 24A, § 9. CRS 53: § 41-3-8 . C.R.S. 1963: § 41-3-8 . L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3158, § 155, effective March 1, 2022.
CO Code § 13-20-402 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 4 - Written Informed Consent to Electroconvulsive Treatments|§ 13-20-402. Physician to Provide Information for Written Informed Consent

 At any time prior to performance of electroconvulsive treatment, a physician shall provide his patient with sufficient information relating to the proposed electroconvulsive treatment to enable said patient to give written informed consent to the proposed electroconvulsive treatment. The written informed consent shall be given by such patient on a standard written consent form to be prepared by the department of human services and shall be for a maximum number of treatments over a specified period of time.   History. Source: L. 79: Entire part R&RE, p. 612, § 1, effective July 1. L. 94: Entire section amended, p. 2641, § 92, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 13-20-402 as it existed prior to 1979.   Cross references:   For the legislative declaration contained in the 1994 act amending this section, see section 1 of chapter 345, Session Laws of Colorado 1994.
CO Code § 13-20-403 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 4 - Written Informed Consent to Electroconvulsive Treatments|§ 13-20-403. Restrictions on Electroconvulsive Treatment - Rights of Minors

  Under no circumstances shall an electroconvulsive treatment be performed on a minor under sixteen years of age.    Electroconvulsive treatment may be performed on a minor who is sixteen years of age or older but under eighteen years of age only if such treatment is performed with the concurring approval of two persons licensed to practice medicine and specializing in psychiatry and a parent or guardian of such minor.    Electroconvulsive treatment may be performed on a person who is eighteen years of age or older only in those cases where two or more persons licensed to practice medicine and specializing in psychiatry determine that such treatment is the most preferred form of treatment.     History. Source: L. 79: Entire part R&RE, p. 612, § 1, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-20-601 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 6 - Actions Against Licensed Professionals|§ 13-20-601. Legislative Declaration

 The general assembly hereby declares that, in enacting this part 6, the general assembly has determined that the certificate of review requirement should be utilized in civil actions for negligence brought against those professionals who are licensed by this state to practice a particular profession and regarding whom expert testimony would be necessary to establish a prima facie case.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire part added, p. 549, § 1, effective July 1.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Negligence: The Construction Claim Panacea”, see 15 Colo. Law. 1992 (1986). For article, “1986 Colorado Tort Reform Legislation”, see 15 Colo. Law. 1363 (1986).   Expert testimony necessary to establish standard of professional conduct unless there is a simple factual circumstance or dereliction of duty so palpable as to be apparent without the presentation of such testimony. Where the claim involved review of attorney's efforts to negotiate a financial transaction, the ordinary knowledge of a layperson could not be relied upon to establish standard of care. Boigegrain v. Gilbert, 784 P.2d 849 (Colo. App. 1989).   No exemption for pro se litigants. The policy expressed in this section applies equally whether or not a party is represented by an attorney. Yadon v. Southward, 64 P.3d 909 (Colo. App. 2002).
CO Code § 13-20-701 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 7 - Actions Based on Environmental Liability|§ 13-20-701. Legislative Declaration

 Federal and state environmental laws provide that the owner of real property is liable for cleanup of property contamination and define who is the owner of such property. If a borrower defaults on a loan, a lender must decide whether to foreclose and potentially become the owner. For fear of becoming liable for conditions they did not create, lenders are showing a reluctance to foreclose, thus leaving no one responsible for the cleanup. So that lenders can predict with more certainty what their costs will be when they foreclose, it is the intent of the general assembly to limit third-party liability for lenders who comply with certain conditions to the cost of cleaning up contaminants or pollution pursuant to federal, state, and local laws. In addition such limitations may also make lenders more willing to lend to certain types of businesses.   History. Source: L. 90: Entire part added, p. 865, § 2, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-20-702 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 7 - Actions Based on Environmental Liability|§ 13-20-702. Definitions

 As used in this part 7, unless the context otherwise requires:    “Contaminate or pollute”, “contaminating or polluting”, or “contamination or pollution” means contamination or pollution of air, water, real or personal property, animals, or human beings from a location in the state of Colorado, including, without limitation, contamination or pollution from hazardous waste and substances.    “Lender-owner” means any person or entity which has a bona fide security interest in or mortgage or lien on, and which forecloses on or receives an assignment or deed in lieu of foreclosure and becomes the owner of, real or personal property and the foreclosure, deed in lieu, or assignment is not primarily for the purposes of avoiding third-party liability.    “Representative” means any person or entity acting in the capacity of a receiver, conservator, guardian ad litem, personal representative of a deceased person, or trustee or fiduciary of real or personal property; except that the terms trustee and fiduciary shall be limited to entities acting as trustee or fiduciary and which are chartered by the division of banking or division of financial services, the office of the United States comptroller of the currency, or the office of thrift supervision.    “Third parties” means persons or entities other than governmental entities seeking to enforce federal, state, or local environmental statutes, ordinances, regulations, permits, or orders.    “Third-party liability” means liability to third parties for any claims arising out of or resulting from contamination or pollution, including, without limitation, claims for personal injury, consequential damages, lost profits, exemplary damages, or property damages, but does not include liability for the cost of cleaning up contamination or pollution.     History. Source: L. 90: Entire part added, p. 865, § 2, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-20-703 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 7 - Actions Based on Environmental Liability|§ 13-20-703. Environmental Third-Party Liability - Ownership

  Except as preempted by federal law, no person or entity shall be deemed to be an owner or operator of real or personal property who, without participating in the management of the subject real or personal property, holds indicia of ownership primarily to protect a security or lienhold interest in the subject real or personal property or in the property in which the subject real or personal property is located.    No lender-owner or representative shall, by virtue of becoming the owner of real or personal property, be liable for any third-party liability arising from contamination or pollution emanating from said property prior to the date that title vests in the lender-owner or representative.    No lender-owner or representative shall, by virtue of becoming the owner of real or personal property, be liable for any third-party liability arising from contamination or pollution emanating from said property during the period of ownership so long as, and to the extent that, it does not knowingly or recklessly cause new contamination or pollution or does not knowingly or recklessly allow others to cause new contamination or pollution if lender-owner has caused an environmental professional to conduct a visual inspection of the property and a record search of the recorded chain of title documents regarding the real property for the prior fifty years to determine the presence and condition of hazardous waste or substances, obvious contamination, or pollution and, if found by the enforcing agency to be in noncompliance with federal or state laws, takes steps to assure compliance with applicable laws. This subsection (3) shall apply to the lender-owner as long as it makes reasonable efforts to resell the property.    This section shall not affect any liability expressly created under federal or state health or environmental statutes, regulations, permits, or orders.     History. Source: L. 90: Entire part added, p. 865, § 2, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-20-801 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 8 - Construction Defect Actions for Property Loss and Damage|§ 13-20-801. Short Title

 This part 8 shall be known and may be cited as the “Construction Defect Action Reform Act”.   History. Source: L. 2001: Entire part added, p. 388, § 1, effective August 8.
CO Code § 13-20-802 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 8 - Construction Defect Actions for Property Loss and Damage|§ 13-20-802. Legislative Declaration

 The general assembly hereby finds, declares, and determines that changes in the law are necessary and appropriate concerning actions claiming damages, indemnity, or contribution in connection with alleged construction defects. It is the intent of the general assembly that this part 8 apply to these types of civil actions while preserving adequate rights and remedies for property owners who bring and maintain such actions.   History. Source: L. 2001: Entire part added, p. 388, § 1, effective August 8. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1361, § 1, effective April 25.
CO Code § 13-20-803 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 20 - Actions|Part 8 - Construction Defect Actions for Property Loss and Damage|§ 13-20-803. List of Defects Required

  In addition to the notice of claim required by section 13-20-803.5, in every action brought against a construction professional, the claimant shall file with the court or arbitrator and serve on the construction professional an initial list of construction defects in accordance with this section.    The initial list of construction defects shall contain a description of the construction that the claimant alleges to be defective. The initial list of construction defects shall be filed with the court and served on the defendant within sixty days after the commencement of the action or within such longer period as the court in its discretion may allow.    The initial list of construction defects may be amended by the claimant to identify additional construction defects as they become known to the claimant. In no event shall the court allow the case to be set for trial before the initial list of construction defects is filed and served.    If a subcontractor or supplier is added as a party to an action under this section, the claimant making the claim against such subcontractor or supplier shall file with the court and serve on the defendant an initial list of construction defects in accordance with this section within sixty days after service of the complaint against the subcontractor or supplier or within such longer period as the court in its discretion may allow. In no event shall the filing of a defect list under this subsection (4) delay the setting of the trial.     History. Source: L. 2001: Entire part added, p. 389, § 1, effective August 8. L. 2003: (1) amended, p. 1362, § 3, effective April 25.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Construction Defect Action Reform Act”, see 30 Colo. Law. 121 (Oct. 2001).