reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MI Comp L § 259.440 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.440 - Tree; Definition.

259.440 Tree; definition. Sec. 10.  The term "tree", when used in this act, means any object of natural growth. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.441 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.441 - Airport Hazard Declared Nuisance; Prevention.

259.441 Airport hazard declared nuisance; prevention. Sec. 11.  It is hereby found that an airport hazard endangers the lives and property of the general public, of users of the airport and of occupants of land in its vicinity, and also, if of the obstruction type, in effect reduces the size of the area available for the landing, taking-off, and maneuvering of aircraft, thus tending to destroy or impair the utility of the airport and the public investment therein. Accordingly, it is hereby declared: (a) That the creation or establishment or maintenance of an airport hazard is a public nuisance and an injury to the community served by the airport in question; and (b) that it is therefore necessary in the interest of the public health, public safety, and general welfare that the creation or establishment of airport hazards be prevented. It is further declared that both the prevention of the creation or establishment of airport hazards and the elimination, removal, alteration, mitigation, abatement, or marking or lighting of existing airport hazards are public purposes for which political subdivisions may raise and expend public funds and acquire land or property rights therein. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.442 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.442 - Airport Approach Plan; Adoption by Aeronautics Commission, Considerations.

259.442 Airport approach plan; adoption by aeronautics commission, considerations. Sec. 12.  The commission shall formulate, adopt and revise, when necessary, an airport approach plan for each publicly owned airport in this state. Each such plan shall indicate and determine the circumstances in which structures and trees are or would be airport hazards, the airport hazard area within which measures for the protection of the airport's aerial approaches should be taken, and what the height limits and other objectives of such measures should be. In adopting or revising any such plans, the commission shall consider, among other things, the character of the flying operations expected to be conducted at the airport, the traffic pattern and regulations affecting flying operations at the airport, the nature of the terrain, the height of existing structures and trees above the level of the airport, and the possibility of lowering or removing existing obstructions; and the commission may obtain and consider the views of the agency of the federal government charged with the fostering of civil aeronautics, as to the aerial approaches necessary to safe flying operations at the airport. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.443 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.443 - Airport Hazard Area; Determination; Zoning Regulations; “Development” Defined.

259.443 Airport hazard area; determination; zoning regulations; “development” defined. Sec. 13.  (1) In order to prevent the creation or establishment of airport hazards, every political subdivision having an airport hazard area wholly or partly within its territorial limits or jurisdiction may make an official determination that the area is in fact an airport hazard area and may thereupon adopt, administer, and enforce, in the interest of public safety and in the manner and upon the conditions prescribed in this act, airport zoning regulations for that part of the airport hazard area which is within its territorial limits or jurisdiction. The regulations may divide the area into zones, and, within those zones, may specify the land uses permitted and regulate and restrict the height to which structures and trees may be erected or allowed to grow.  (2) A political subdivision in which is wholly or partially located an airport hazard area, may adopt, administer, and enforce zoning regulations for that part of an airport hazard area within the political subdivision's territorial limits or jurisdiction to protect public health and safety. The political subdivision may divide the area into zones and specify within the zones the land uses or developments permitted. As used in this subsection, "development" means an activity which materially alters or affects the existing conditions or use on any land. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950 ;-- Am. 1976, Act 158, Imd. Eff. June 17, 1976
MI Comp L § 259.444 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.444 - Joint Airport Zoning Board; Creation; Powers; Membership.

259.444 Joint airport zoning board; creation; powers; membership. Sec. 14.  In each case where (a) an airport is owned, operated, controlled, leased to, or leased by a political subdivision and an airport hazard area appertaining to the airport is located wholly or partly outside the territorial limits or jurisdiction of the political subdivision, or (b) an airport hazard area is located wholly or partly within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of 2 or more political subdivisions, whether or not the particular airport in connection with which the airport hazard area exists is owned, operated, controlled, leased to, or leased by 1 or more of the political subdivisions, all the political subdivisions involved, including the political subdivision which is the owner, operator, controller, lessee, or lessor of the airport, shall, by ordinance or by resolution duly adopted, create a joint airport zoning board, which board shall have the same power to adopt, administer, and enforce airport zoning regulations applicable to the airport hazard area in question, as that vested by section 13 in the political subdivision or political subdivisions within which the hazard area is wholly or partly located. Each joint board shall have as members 2 representatives appointed by the governing body of each political subdivision participating in its creation and in addition, another member to be elected by a majority of the members so appointed. This section shall not require the creation of a joint airport zoning board whenever a county, acting through its governing body or any county agency which is by law authorized to maintain, operate, and improve airports, adopts airport zoning regulations applicable to an airport hazard area located entirely within the territorial limits or jurisdiction of the county and the airport zoning regulations shall supersede any other airport zoning regulations applicable to the same airport zoning area. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950 ;-- Am. 1976, Act 158, Imd. Eff. June 17, 1976
MI Comp L § 259.445 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.445 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Incorporation Into Zoning Ordinance.

259.445 Airport zoning regulations; incorporation into zoning ordinance. Sec. 15.  In the event that a political subdivision has adopted, or hereafter adopts, a comprehensive zoning ordinance regulating, among other things, the height of buildings, any airport zoning regulations applicable to the same area or portion thereof, may be incorporated in and made a part of such comprehensive zoning regulations, and may be administered and enforced as an integral part thereof. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.446 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.446 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Amendment.

259.446 Airport zoning regulations; amendment. Sec. 16.  Every airport zoning regulation for an airport hazard area existing in connection with a publicly owned airport shall be designed to effectuate the commission's airport approach plan, as amended by it, whenever necessary, for such publicly owned airport, and said regulations shall likewise be amended, when necessary, to conform to any revision of the applicable airport approach plan that may be made by the commission. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.447 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.447 - Airport Hazard; Definition and Certification by Aeronautics Commission; Joint Airport Zoning Board, Appointment, Meetings, Powers, Compensation and Expenses, Expenditures.

259.447 Airport hazard; definition and certification by aeronautics commission; joint airport zoning board, appointment, meetings, powers, compensation and expenses, expenditures. Sec. 17.  In each case where an airport hazard area exists in connection with a publicly owned airport and suitable airport zoning regulations have not been adopted, administered and enforced for such airport hazard area in a form and manner deemed reasonably adequate by the commission for the purposes of this act, the commission on behalf of this state shall define and determine such airport hazard area and certify such determination to the board of supervisors of the county or counties within which such airport hazard area is located and to the political subdivision authorized by law to maintain, operate, improve and regulate such airport, hereinafter referred to in this section as the airport operating agency. Whereupon and within 90 days thereafter, the board of supervisors of each county involved shall appoint 3 members and the operating agency and the commission shall each appoint 1 member to a board which shall constitute a joint airport zoning board. Two of the members appointed by the board of supervisors of each county involved shall be from a township or townships within which the hazard area is located and 1 shall be from that part of the county outside the townships where the hazard area is located. Within 120 days after such certification such airport zoning board shall meet and organize and thereafter function in the same manner and with the same powers as joint airport zoning boards provided for under section 14 of this act. Members of joint zoning boards created pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be compensated for services actually rendered at a rate established by the airport operating agency and approved by the commission, and shall be reimbursed for any actual and necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties.  Subject to the approval of the airport operating agency, each joint board created pursuant to the provisions of this section is hereby authorized to make such expenditures, to employ such servants and to engage such professional and consultant services as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this act. All expenses of such joint boards, including the compensation of its members, shall be paid by the airport operating agency. Provided, however, That the commission and the board of supervisors of any county involved, or any of them, are hereby authorized to participate in and contribute toward such compensation and expenses in such amounts and to such extent as may be fixed or provided by agreement. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.448 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.448 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Conflict, Determination by Commission.

259.448 Airport zoning regulations; conflict, determination by commission. Sec. 18.  In the event of conflict between any airport zoning regulations adopted under this act and any other zoning regulations applicable to the same area, whether such other regulations were adopted by the political subdivision which adopted the airport zoning regulations or by some other political subdivision, or by a joint airport zoning board, and whether the conflict be with respect to the height of structures or trees, the use of land, or any other matter, those limitations or requirements which may be determined by the commission to be most conducive to airport and air travel safety shall govern and prevail. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.449 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.449 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Public Hearing on Adoption or Amendment, Notice.

259.449 Airport zoning regulations; public hearing on adoption or amendment, notice. Sec. 19.  No airport zoning regulations shall be adopted, amended, or changed under this act except by action of the governing body of the political subdivision in question, or by action of the joint board provided for in sections 14 or 17, after a public hearing in relation thereto, at which parties in interest and citizens shall have an opportunity to be heard. At least 15 days' notice of the hearing shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation, in the political subdivision or subdivisions in which is located wholly or partly, the airport hazard area to be zoned, or, if no newspaper is generally circulated in any such political subdivision, then in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which such political subdivision is located. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.450 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.450 - Airport Zoning Commission; Appointment, Reports and Hearings.

259.450 Airport zoning commission; appointment, reports and hearings. Sec. 20.  Prior to the initial zoning of any airport hazard area under this act, the governing body of the political subdivision or the joint airport zoning board which is to adopt the regulations shall appoint a body, to be known as the airport zoning commission, to recommend the boundaries of the various zones to be established and the regulations to be adopted therefor. Such airport zoning commission shall make a preliminary report and hold public hearings thereon before submitting its final report, and the governing body of the political subdivision or the joint airport zoning board shall not hold its public hearings or take other action until it has received the final report of such airport zoning commission. Where a city plan commission or comprehensive zoning commission already exists, it may be appointed as the airport zoning commission. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.451 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.451 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Reasonableness, Considerations.

259.451 Airport zoning regulations; reasonableness, considerations. Sec. 21.  All airport zoning regulations adopted under this act shall be reasonable and none shall impose any requirement or restriction which is not reasonably necessary to effectuate the purposes of this act. In determining what regulations it may adopt, each political subdivision and joint airport zoning board, shall consider, among other things, the character of the flying operations expected to be conducted at the airport, the traffic pattern and regulations affecting flying operations at the airport, the nature of the terrain within the airport hazard area, the character of the neighborhood, and the uses to which the property to be zoned is put and adaptable. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.452 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.452 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Removal or Alteration of Structures or Trees Prohibited, Exception.

259.452 Airport zoning regulations; removal or alteration of structures or trees prohibited, exception. Sec. 22.  No airport zoning regulations adopted under this act shall require the removal, lowering, or other change or alteration of any structure or tree not conforming to the regulations when adopted or amended, or otherwise interfere with the continuance of any non-conforming use, except as provided in sections 23 and 25. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.453 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.453 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Construction Permits for New Structures Required.

259.453 Airport zoning regulations; construction permits for new structures required. Sec. 23.  Any airport zoning regulations adopted under this act shall require that a permit be obtained before any new structure or use may be constructed or established and before any existing use or structure may be substantially changed or substantially altered or substantially repaired. All such regulations shall further provide that before any non-conforming structure or tree may be replaced, substantially altered or substantially repaired, rebuilt, allowed to grow higher, or replanted, a permit authorizing such replacement, change or repair must be secured from the administrative agency authorized to administer and enforce the regulations. No permit shall be granted that would allow the establishment or creation of an airport hazard or permit a non-conforming structure or tree or non-conforming use to be made or become higher or become a greater hazard to air navigation than it was when the applicable regulation was adopted or than it is when the application for permit is made. Whenever an administrative agency determines that a non-conforming use or non-conforming structure or tree has been abandoned or more than 80 per cent torn down, destroyed, deteriorated or decayed, no permit shall be granted that would allow such structure or tree to exceed the applicable height limit or otherwise deviate from the zoning regulations. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.454 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.454 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Variance.

259.454 Airport zoning regulations; variance. Sec. 24.  (1) A person desiring to erect a structure, or increase the height of a structure, or permit the growth of a tree, or otherwise use property in violation of the airport zoning regulations adopted under this act, may apply to the board of appeals, for a variance from the zoning regulations in question. The board of appeals shall allow a variance if a literal application or enforcement of the regulations would result in practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship and the relief granted would not be contrary to the public interest, but would do substantial justice and be in accordance with the spirit of the regulations. However, a variance may be granted subject to any reasonable condition or condition subsequent that the board of appeals considers necessary to effectuate the purposes of this act. A variance shall not conflict with a general zoning ordinance or regulation of a political subdivision. However, a variance may conflict with a zoning ordinance or regulation adopted exclusively for airport zoning purposes.  (2) A variance from an airport zoning regulation may be applied for and granted pursuant to section 4 of the uniform condemnation procedures act, 1980 PA 87, MCL 213.54, and this act. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950 ;-- Am. 2000, Act 16, Imd. Eff. Mar. 8, 2000
MI Comp L § 259.454a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.454a - Constructing, Establishing, Rebuilding, or Changing, Altering, or Repairing Structure or Replanting Tree; Permit or Variance Considered as Granted.

259.454a Constructing, establishing, rebuilding, or changing, altering, or repairing structure or replanting tree; permit or variance considered as granted.Sec. 24a.  An application for a permit or variance under section 23 or 24, respectively, to construct, establish, rebuild, or substantially change, alter, or repair a structure or to replant a tree or allow a tree to grow tall shall be considered to be granted if all of the following apply:  (a) The applicant has been granted a permit for the activity under the tall structure act, 1959 PA 259, MCL 259.481 to 259.493.  (b) The applicant has been granted any necessary permits or other approvals for the activity from the federal aviation administration.  (c) Ninety days have elapsed since the application was filed pursuant to the procedures specified in the applicable airport zoning regulations and the administrative agency authorized to enforce the airport zoning regulations has neither granted nor denied the application. History: Add. 2009, Act 89, Imd. Eff. Sept. 10, 2009
MI Comp L § 259.455 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.455 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Variances, Markers and Lights Required.

259.455 Airport zoning regulations; variances, markers and lights required. Sec. 25.  In granting any permit under section 23 or variance under section 24, any administrative agency or board of appeals may, if it deems such action advisable to effectuate the purposes of this act and reasonable in view of the surrounding circumstances, so condition such permit or variance as to require the owner of the structure or tree in question to permit the state or the political subdivision, as the case may be, at its own expense, to install, operate, and maintain thereon such markers and lights as may be necessary to indicate to flyers the presence of an airport hazard. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.456 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.456 - Airport Zoning Regulations; Administration and Enforcement.

259.456 Airport zoning regulations; administration and enforcement. Sec. 26.  All airport zoning regulations adopted under this act shall provide for the administration and enforcement of such regulations by an administrative agency which may be an agency created by such regulations or any official, board, or other existing agency of any political subdivision adopting the regulations or one of the political subdivisions which participated in the creation of the joint zoning board adopting the regulations, if satisfactory to that political subdivision; but in no case shall such administrative agency be or include any member of the board of appeals. The duties of any administrative agency designated pursuant to this act shall include that of hearing and deciding all permits under section 23 but such agency shall not have or exercise any of the powers herein granted to the board of appeals. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950