reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
42 PA Cons Stat § 8340.2 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8340.2 - Civil immunity for use of force

§ 8340.2. Civil immunity for use of force. (a) General rule.--An actor who uses force:  (1) in self-protection as provided in 18 Pa.C.S. § 505 (relating to use of force in self-protection); (2) in the protection of other persons as provided in 18 Pa.C.S. § 506 (relating to use of force for the protection of other persons);  (3) for the protection of property as provided in 18 Pa.C.S. § 507 (relating to use of force for the protection of property);  (4) in law enforcement as provided in 18 Pa.C.S. § 508 (relating to use of force in law enforcement); or  (5) consistent with the actor's special responsibility for care, discipline or safety of others as provided in 18 Pa.C.S. § 509 (relating to use of force by persons with special responsibility for care, discipline or safety of others)  is justified in using such force and shall be immune from civil liability for personal injuries sustained by a perpetrator which were caused by the acts or omissions of the actor as a result of the use of force.  (b) Attorney fees and costs.--If the actor who satisfies the requirements of subsection (a) prevails in a civil action initiated by or on behalf of a perpetrator against the actor, the court shall award reasonable expenses to the actor. Reasonable expenses shall include, but not be limited to, attorney fees, expert witness fees, court costs and compensation for loss of income.  (c) Definition.--As used in this section, the term "perpetrator" shall mean a person against whom an actor is justified in using force as provided by 18 Pa.C.S. § 505, 506, 507, 508 or 509.  (June 28, 2011, P.L.48, No.10, eff. 60 days)   2011 Amendment. Act 10 added section 8340.2. See the preamble to Act 10 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to legislative findings.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8340.3 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8340.3 - Rescue from motor vehicle

§ 8340.3. Rescue from motor vehicle. (a) Rescue of individual.--No person shall be liable for damage to a motor vehicle or the contents thereof caused by entry into the motor vehicle for the purpose of removing an individual from the motor vehicle, if the person:  (1) Has a good faith, reasonable belief that the individual is in imminent danger of suffering harm if not immediately removed from the motor vehicle.  (2) Determines that the individual is unable to exit the motor vehicle without assistance. (3) Makes a reasonable effort to locate the driver of the motor vehicle and to contact law enforcement, a fire department or other emergency responder prior to entry. If the driver is not located and such contact is not possible prior to entering the motor vehicle, the person shall contact law enforcement, a fire department or other emergency responder as soon as reasonably possible after entering the motor vehicle.  (4) Uses no more force than necessary under the circumstances to enter the motor vehicle. (5) Makes a good faith effort to leave notice on or in the motor vehicle stating the reason the entry was made, the location of the individual who was removed from the motor vehicle and, if possible, identifying the police or fire department or other emergency responder that is expected to respond.  (6) Remains with the individual in a safe location until law enforcement or emergency responders arrive.  (b) Rescue of dog or cat.--No law enforcement officer, animal control officer, humane society police officer or emergency responder, or the employer of a law enforcement officer, humane society police officer or emergency responder, shall be liable for damage to a motor vehicle or the contents thereof caused by entry into the motor vehicle for the purpose of removing a dog or cat, if the law enforcement officer, humane society police officer or emergency responder does all of the following:  (1) Has a good-faith, reasonable belief that the dog or cat is in imminent danger of suffering harm if not immediately removed from the motor vehicle.  (2) Makes a reasonable effort to locate the driver of the motor vehicle prior to entry. (3) Takes reasonable steps to ensure or restore the well-being of the dog or cat. (4) Uses no more force than necessary under the circumstances to enter the motor vehicle. (5) Leaves notice on or in the motor vehicle stating the reason entry was made, the name of the person and of the person's employer, a telephone number and, if possible, the location where the dog or cat may be retrieved.  (c) Limitation.--A person shall not be immune from civil liability for damage resulting from the entry if the person's actions constitute gross negligence, recklessness or willful or wanton misconduct.  (Oct. 24, 2018, P.L.685, No.104, eff. 60 days; May 15, 2019, P.L.27, No.5, eff. 60 days)
42 PA Cons Stat § 8341 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8341 - Single publication limitation

 § 8341. Single publication limitation. (a) Short title of section.--This section shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Single Publication Act."  (b) General rule.--No person shall have more than one cause of action for damages for libel or slander, or invasion of privacy, or any other tort founded upon any single publication, or exhibition, or utterance, such as any one edition of a newspaper, or book, or magazine, or any one presentation to an audience, or any one broadcast over radio or television, or any one exhibition of a motion picture. Recovery in any action shall include all damages for any such tort suffered by the plaintiff in all jurisdictions.  (c) Bar by judgment.--A judgment in any jurisdiction for or against the plaintiff upon the substantive merits of any action for damages founded upon a single publication, or exhibition, or utterance, as described in subsection (b), shall bar any other action for damages by the same plaintiff against the same defendant founded upon the same publication, or exhibition, or utterance.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8342 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8342 - Justification a defense

§ 8342. Justification a defense. In all civil actions for libel, the plea of justification shall be accepted as an adequate and complete defense, when it is pleaded, and proved to the satisfaction of the jury, under the direction of the court as in other cases, that the publication is substantially true and is proper for public information or investigation, and has not been maliciously or negligently made.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8343 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8343 - Burden of proof

 § 8343. Burden of proof. (a) Burden of plaintiff.--In an action for defamation, the plaintiff has the burden of proving, when the issue is properly raised:  (1) The defamatory character of the communication. (2) Its publication by the defendant. (3) Its application to the plaintiff. (4) The understanding by the recipient of its defamatory meaning. (5) The understanding by the recipient of it as intended to be applied to the plaintiff. (6) Special harm resulting to the plaintiff from its publication. (7) Abuse of a conditionally privileged occasion. (b) Burden of defendant.--In an action for defamation, the defendant has the burden of proving, when the issue is properly raised:  (1) The truth of the defamatory communication. (2) The privileged character of the occasion on which it was published. (3) The character of the subject matter of defamatory comment as of public concern.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8344 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8344 - Malice or negligence necessary to support award of damages

§ 8344. Malice or negligence necessary to support award of damages. In all civil actions for libel, no damages shall be recovered unless it is established to the satisfaction of the jury, under the direction of the court as in other cases, that the publication has been maliciously or negligently made, but where malice or negligence appears such damages may be awarded as the jury shall deem proper.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8345 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8345 - No liability when without power of censorship

§ 8345. No liability when without power of censorship. Liability shall be denied and no recovery shall be allowed against the owners, licensees and operators of any visual or sound radio and television station or network of stations or against the agents, servants or employees of such owner, licensee or operator, for the publication, utterance or broadcasting of any defamatory matter, where the publication, utterance or broadcasting thereof is not subject to their censorship or control by reason of any Federal statute or any regulation, ruling or order of the Federal Communications Commission.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8351 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8351 - Wrongful use of civil proceedings

 § 8351. Wrongful use of civil proceedings. (a) Elements of action.--A person who takes part in the procurement, initiation or continuation of civil proceedings against another is subject to liability to the other for wrongful use of civil proceedings:  (1) he acts in a grossly negligent manner or without probable cause and primarily for a purpose other than that of securing the proper discovery, joinder of parties or adjudication of the claim in which the proceedings are based; and  (2) the proceedings have terminated in favor of the person against whom they are brought. (b) Arrest or seizure of person or property not required.--The arrest or seizure of the person or property of the plaintiff shall not be a necessary element for an action brought pursuant to this subchapter.    Cross References. Section 8351 is referred to in section 8353 of this title.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8352 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8352 - Existence of probable cause

§ 8352. Existence of probable cause. A person who takes part in the procurement, initiation or continuation of civil proceedings against another has probable cause for doing so if he reasonably believes in the existence of the facts upon which the claim is based, and either:  (1) reasonably believes that under those facts the claim may be valid under the existing or developing law;  (2) believes to this effect in reliance upon the advice of counsel, sought in good faith and given after full disclosure of all relevant facts within his knowledge and information; or  (3) believes as an attorney of record, in good faith that his procurement, initiation or continuation of a civil cause is not intended to merely harass or maliciously injure the opposite party.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8353 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8353 - Damages

§ 8353. Damages. When the essential elements of an action brought pursuant to this subchapter have been established as provided in section 8351 (relating to wrongful use of civil proceedings), the plaintiff is entitled to recover for the following:  (1) The harm normally resulting from any arrest or imprisonment, or any dispossession or interference with the advantageous use of his land, chattels or other things, suffered by him during the course of the proceedings.  (2) The harm to his reputation by any defamatory matter alleged as the basis of the proceedings. (3) The expense, including any reasonable attorney fees, that he has reasonably incurred in defending himself against the proceedings.  (4) Any specific pecuniary loss that has resulted from the proceedings. (5) Any emotional distress that is caused by the proceedings. (6) Punitive damages according to law in appropriate cases.   Cross References. Section 8353 is referred to in section 8354 of this title.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8354 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8354 - Burden of proof

§ 8354. Burden of proof. In an action brought pursuant to this subchapter the plaintiff has the burden of proving, when the issue is properly raised, that:  (1) The defendant has procured, initiated or continued the civil proceedings against him. (2) The proceedings were terminated in his favor. (3) The defendant did not have probable cause for his action. (4) The primary purpose for which the proceedings were brought was not that of securing the proper discovery, joinder of parties or adjudication of the claim on which the proceedings were based.  (5) The plaintiff has suffered damages as set forth in section 8353 (relating to damages).
42 PA Cons Stat § 8355 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8355 - Certification of pleadings, motions and other papers

§ 8355. Certification of pleadings, motions and other papers. Every pleading, motion and other paper of a party represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one attorney of record in his individual name and his address shall be stated. A party who is not represented by an attorney shall sign his pleading, motion or other paper and state his address. Except when otherwise specifically provided by rule or statute, pleadings need not be verified or accompanied by affidavit. The signature of an attorney or party constitutes a certification by him that he has read the pleading, motion or other paper; that, to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, it is well-grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good-faith argument for the extension, modification or reversal of existing law; and that it is not interposed in bad faith or for any improper purpose, such as to harass another, to maliciously injure another or to cause unnecessary delay or increase in the cost of litigation. If a pleading, motion or other paper is not signed, it shall be stricken unless it is signed promptly after the omission is called to the attention of the pleader or movant. If a pleading, motion or other paper is signed in violation of this section, the court shall award to the successful party costs and reasonable attorney fees and may, in addition, impose a civil penalty which shall not exceed $10,000. Such costs, fees and civil penalty shall be in addition to any other judgment awarded to the successful party and shall be imposed upon the person who signed the pleading, motion or other paper, or a represented party, or both. This section is in addition to and shall not be construed to limit any other remedies or sanctions provided by law.   (Feb. 7, 1990, P.L.11, No.6, eff. 60 days)   1990 Amendment. Act 6 added section 8355.  Suspension by Court Rule. Section 8355 was suspended by Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure No. 1023(d), adopted March 11, 1991. Rule 1023 was rescinded April 22, 2002, effective July 1, 2002.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8368.1 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8368.1 - Legislative findings and declaration

§ 8368.1. Legislative findings and declaration. (a) Findings.--The General Assembly finds that:  (1) Asbestos-related claims threaten the continued viability of successor business entities which are formed or organized under the laws of this Commonwealth or another jurisdiction that have never manufactured, sold or distributed asbestos or asbestos-containing products.  (2) It is in the best interest of this Commonwealth to ensure the economic viability of the entities under paragraph (1).  (3) The viability of the domestic and foreign business entities under paragraph (1) is threatened due solely to their status as successor business entities by merger or consolidation based on actions taken prior to the 1972 adoption of asbestos regulations by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.  (4) The cumulative recovery by all asbestos claimants from innocent successor business entities should be limited.  (b) Intent.--It is the intent of the General Assembly to expand the protections granted in 15 Pa.C.S. § 1929.1 (relating to limitations on asbestos-related liabilities relating to certain mergers or consolidations) to successor business entities which are formed or organized under the laws of this Commonwealth or another jurisdiction.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8368.2 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8368.2 - Definitions

§ 8368.2. Definitions. The following words and phrases when used in this subchapter shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:  "Asbestos claim." A claim, wherever or whenever made, for damages, losses, indemnification, contribution or other relief arising out of, based on or in any way related to asbestos, including property damage caused by the installation, presence or removal of asbestos, the health effects of exposure to asbestos, including a claim for personal injury, death, mental or emotional injury, risk of disease or other injury or the costs of medical monitoring or surveillance. The term includes a claim made by or on behalf of any person exposed to asbestos or a representative, spouse, parent, child or other relative of that individual.  "Asbestos-related liability." Any liability, whether known or unknown, asserted or unasserted, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, liquidated or unliquidated or due or to become due or related in any way to an asbestos claim.  "Business entity." A for-profit corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited liability partnership or Subchapter S corporation formed or organized under the laws of this Commonwealth or another jurisdiction.  "Successor asbestos-related liability." Any asbestos-related liability that was assumed or incurred by a business entity as a result or in connection with a merger or consolidation, or a plan of merger or consolidation related thereto, with or into another business entity formed or organized under the laws of this Commonwealth or another jurisdiction or which are related in any way to asbestos claims based on the exercise of control or the ownership of stock of the business entity prior to the merger or consolidation. The term shall include liabilities which, after the time of the merger or consolidation with a transferor for which the fair market value of the total gross assets of the successor business entity are determined under section 8368.4 (relating to fair market value), were paid, committed to be paid or discharged by or on behalf of the business entity, successor business entity or transferor in connection with a settlement, judgment or discharge in this Commonwealth or another jurisdiction.  "Successor business entity." Any of the following:  (1) A business entity that has merged or consolidated with a transferor prior to January 1, 1972, and that has assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liabilities.  (2) A business entity that is a successor of a business entity that has merged or consolidated with a transferor prior to January 1, 1972, and that has assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liabilities.  "Transferor." A business entity from which successor asbestos-related liabilities are or were assumed or incurred.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8368.3 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8368.3 - Liability

§ 8368.3. Liability. (a) Limitation.--Except as provided under subsection (c), the cumulative successor asbestos-related liability of a successor business entity shall be limited to the fair market value of the total gross assets of the transferor as of the time of the merger or consolidation with the successor business entity.  (b) Responsibility.--A successor business entity shall have no responsibility for successor asbestos-related liabilities in excess of the limitation under subsection (a).  (c) Exception.--If a transferor assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liability in connection with a prior merger or consolidation with a prior transferor, the fair market value of the total assets of the prior transferor as of the time of the prior merger or consolidation shall be substituted for the limitation under subsection (a) for purposes of determining the liability of the successor business entity.    Cross References. Section 8368.3 is referred to in section 8368.5 of this title.
42 PA Cons Stat § 8368.4 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE|Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities|Section 8368.4 - Fair market value

§ 8368.4. Fair market value. (a) Establishment.--A successor business entity may establish the fair market value of total gross assets of the transferor as of the time of the merger or consolidation by any reasonable method under the circumstances, including the following:  (1) By reference to the going-concern value of the assets or to the purchase price of the assets in an arms-length transaction.  (2) In the absence of other readily available information from which fair market value can be determined, by reference to the value of the assets recorded on a balance sheet.  (b) Intangible assets.--Total gross assets under this section shall include intangible assets.  (c) Prima facie evidence.--A showing by the successor business entity of a reasonable determination of the fair market value of total gross assets shall be prima facie evidence of their fair market value.  (d) Burden.--Following a reasonable determination of the fair market value of total gross assets by the successor business entity, a claimant disputing that determination shall have the burden of establishing a different fair market value of the total gross assets.  (e) Insurance settlement.--To the extent that total gross assets include liability insurance, a settlement of a dispute relating to liability insurance coverage entered into by the transferor or successor business entity with the insurer of the transferor prior to the effective date of this section shall be determinative of the total coverage of the liability insurance in the calculation of the transferor's total gross assets.    Cross References. Section 8368.4 is referred to in sections 8368.2, 8368.5 of this title.