reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 49-31d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31d - Definitions.

 For the purposes of sections 49-31d to 49-31i, inclusive:(1) “Unemployed person” means a person who is unemployed for purposes of chapter 567.(2) “Homeowner” means a person who has an ownership interest in residential real property secured by a mortgage which is the subject of a foreclosure action, and who has owned and occupied such property as his principal residence for a continuous period of not less than two years immediately preceding the commencement of such foreclosure action.(3) “Restructured mortgage debt” means the adjustment by a court of a mortgage debt to give protection from a foreclosure action.(4) “Protection from foreclosure” means a court-ordered restructuring of a mortgage debt designed to eliminate an arrearage in payments on such debt and to provide a period not to exceed six months during which foreclosure is stayed.(5) “Lender” means any person who makes or holds mortgage loans in the ordinary course of business and who is the holder of any first mortgage on residential real estate which is the subject of a foreclosure action.(6) “Underemployed person” means a person whose earned income during the twelve-month period immediately preceding the commencement of the foreclosure action is (A) less than fifty thousand dollars and (B) less than seventy-five per cent of his average annual earned income during the two years immediately preceding such twelve-month period.(P.A. 83-547, S. 6; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 71; P.A. 84-373, S. 1; 84-546, S. 107, 173.)History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29 revised section, changed definition of “homeowner”, deleted definition of “financial institution”, added definitions of “lender” and “underemployed person” and made technical changes; P.A. 84-373 amended Subsec. (6) to require an “underemployed person” to have an earned income which is less than $50,000; P.A. 84-546 made technical change; (Revisor's note: In 1995 the indicators (1) and (2) in Subdiv. (6) were changed editorially by the Revisors to (A) and (B) respectively for consistency with statutory usage).Only persons who have been employed previously may be considered “unemployed” as defined in section. 245 C. 744.Cited. 29 CA 541; 31 CA 260; 34 CA 138.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31e - Application for protection from foreclosure.

 In an action by a lender for the foreclosure of a mortgage of residential real property, the homeowner shall make application for protection from foreclosure, under the provisions of sections 49-31d to 49-31i, inclusive, not later than twenty-five days after the return day.(P.A. 83-547, S. 7; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 72; P.A. 84-373, S. 2, 5; 84-546, S. 108, 173; P.A. 97-320, S. 1; P.A. 16-65, S. 85.)History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29 deleted references to “financial institution” and substituted “lender” in lieu thereof; P.A. 84-373, S. 2, made technical clarifications (Revisor's note: The Revisors editorially designated said section 2 as Subsec. (a) and added section 5 of the act as Subsecs. (b), (c) and (d) concerning a homeowner's deadline for making application, assurances that notice of availability of protection have been given and failure to give notice); P.A. 84-546 made technical clarifications; P.A. 97-320 amended Subsec. (b) by increasing time for application from 15 to 25 days of the return day; P.A. 16-65 deleted Subsec. (a) and (b) designators, deleted provisions re lender to give notice to homeowner of availability of Secs. 49-31d to 49-31i at time action is commenced, deleted former Subsecs. (c) and (d) re entry of judgment and order staying action, and made technical changes.Cited. 29 CA 541; 31 CA 260; 34 CA 138.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31g - Restructuring of mortgage debt by court.

 (a) If it determines that a homeowner who is an underemployed person is eligible for protection from foreclosure pursuant to subsections (a) and (c) of section 49-31f, the court in its discretion may order the restructuring of the mortgage debt of such homeowner so as to eliminate any arrearage in payments on the mortgage debt and may allow a restructuring period not to exceed six months.(b) If it determines that a homeowner who is an unemployed person is eligible for protection from foreclosure pursuant to subsection (a) of section 49-31f, the court shall order the restructuring of the mortgage debt to eliminate any arrearage in payments on the mortgage debt and shall order a restructuring period not to exceed six months.(P.A. 83-547, S. 9; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 74.)History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29 revised section and added provisions requiring determination of court that homeowner who is underemployed or unemployed is eligible for foreclosure protection pursuant to Sec. 49-31f prior to ordering restructuring of mortgage debt.Cited. 29 CA 541; 31 CA 260; 34 CA 138; 43 CA 467.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31h - Partial payment by homeowner mandated by court as condition for granting of restructuring order.

 (a) As a condition to the granting of a restructuring order, the court may order the homeowner to pay to the lender during the restructuring period an amount not to exceed twenty-five per cent of his net income per month as a means of demonstrating the homeowner's good faith effort to reduce his mortgage indebtedness.(b) For purposes of this section, “net income” shall include any unemployment benefit received by the homeowner in accordance with chapter 567.(P.A. 83-547, S. 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 75.)History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29 deleted reference to “financial institution” and substituted “lender during the restructuring period” in lieu thereof.Cited. 29 CA 541; 31 CA 260; 34 CA 138.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31j - Regulations.

 The Banking Commissioner shall adopt such regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, as the commissioner deems necessary specifying (1) the manner in which a composite interest rate shall be computed for the new mortgage debt pursuant to subsection (c) of section 49-31i, (2) the method or standard by which prevailing market rates of interest are to be determined, and (3) a form a lender may use to give notice pursuant to section 49-31e to a homeowner of the availability of the provisions of sections 49-31d to 49-31i, inclusive.(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 77; P.A. 87-9, S. 2, 3; P.A. 03-84, S. 39; P.A. 04-8, S. 12; P.A. 05-46, S. 18.)History: (Revisor's note: Pursuant to P.A. 87-9 “banking commissioner” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “commissioner of banking”); P.A. 03-84 changed “Commissioner of Banking” to “Banking Commissioner” and made a technical change, effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 04-8 made technical changes, effective April 16, 2004; P.A. 05-46 added Subdiv. (3) requiring commissioner to adopt regulations specifying a form that lender may use to give notice pursuant to Sec. 49-31e to homeowner of the availability of the provisions of Secs. 49-31d to 49-31i, inclusive.Cited. 34 CA 138.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31m (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31m - Ezequiel Santiago Foreclosure Mediation Program.

 The Chief Court Administrator shall establish in each judicial district a foreclosure mediation program in actions to foreclose mortgages on residential real property or real property owned by a religious organization. On and after July 1, 2019, such program shall be known as the “Ezequiel Santiago Foreclosure Mediation Program”. Such foreclosure mediation shall (1) address all issues of foreclosure, including, but not limited to, reinstatement of the mortgage, disposition of the property through means other than the foreclosure process, including short sales and deeds in lieu of foreclosure, assignment of law days, assignment of sale date, restructuring of the mortgage debt and foreclosure by decree of sale, and (2) be conducted by foreclosure mediators who (A) have a duty to be unbiased and are employed by the Judicial Branch, (B) are trained in mediation and all relevant aspects of the law, as determined by the Chief Court Administrator, (C) have knowledge of the community-based resources that are available in the judicial district in which they serve, and (D) have knowledge of the mortgage assistance programs. Such mediators may refer mortgagors who participate in the Ezequiel Santiago Foreclosure Mediation Program to community-based resources when appropriate and to the mortgage assistance programs. Such mediators shall not give legal advice to any party in mediation.(P.A. 08-176, S. 17; P.A. 11-201, S. 3; P.A. 13-136, S. 3; P.A. 19-145, S. 5.)History: P.A. 08-176 effective June 12, 2008; P.A. 11-201 deleted program establishment date of July 1, 2008, and added reference to real property owned by a religious organization; P.A. 13-136 required mediation to address the disposition of property through means other than the foreclosure process, required mediators to have a duty to be unbiased and prohibited mediators from giving legal advice to any party in mediation, effective July 15, 2013; P.A. 19-145 added “On and after July 1, 2019, such program shall be known as the “Ezequiel Santiago Foreclosure Mediation Program”.”, and replaced “foreclosure mediation program” with “Ezequiel Santiago Foreclosure Mediation Program”, effective July 1, 2019.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31o (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31o - Consent of mortgagee required for changes. Disclosure of information submitted to mediator.

 (a) Nothing in sections 49-31k to 49-31n, inclusive, shall require a mortgagee to modify a mortgage or change the terms of payment of a mortgage without its consent.(b) Information submitted by the mortgagor to a mediator, either orally or in writing, including financial documents, shall not be subject to disclosure by the Judicial Branch.(P.A. 08-176, S. 19; P.A. 09-209, S. 36.)History: P.A. 08-176 effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 09-209 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re information submitted by mortgagor to a mediator, effective July 1, 2009.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31p (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31p - Successor in interest in foreclosed property secured by federally-related mortgage loan. Assumption of interest limited. Definitions.

 (a) In the case of any foreclosure on a federally-related mortgage loan or on any dwelling or residential real property that has a return date on or after July 13, 2011, any immediate successor in interest in such property pursuant to the foreclosure shall assume such interest subject to (1) the provision, by such successor in interest, of a notice to vacate to any bona fide tenant not less than ninety days before the effective date of such notice; and (2) the rights of any bona fide tenant, as of the date absolute title vests in such successor in interest (A) under any bona fide lease entered into before such date to occupy the premises until the end of the remaining term of the lease, except that a successor in interest may terminate a lease effective on the date of sale of the unit to a purchaser who will occupy the unit as a primary residence, subject to the receipt by the tenant of the ninety-day notice under subdivision (1) of this subsection; or (B) without a lease or with a lease terminable at will under state law, subject to the receipt by the tenant of the ninety-day notice under subdivision (1) of this subsection, except that nothing under this section shall affect the requirements for termination of any federally subsidized or state-subsidized tenancy or of any state or local law that provides longer time periods or other additional protections for tenants.(b) For purposes of this section, a lease or tenancy shall be considered bona fide only if (1) the mortgagor or the child, spouse, or parent of the mortgagor under the contract is not the tenant, (2) the lease or tenancy was the result of an arms-length transaction, and (3) the lease or tenancy requires the receipt of rent that is not substantially less than fair market rent for the property or the unit's rent is reduced or subsidized due to a federal, state or local subsidy.(c) For purposes of this section, the term “federally-related mortgage loan” has the same meaning as in 12 USC 2602(1), the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974. For purposes of this section, the date of a notice of foreclosure shall be deemed to be the date on which complete title to a property is transferred to a successor entity or person as a result of an order of a court or pursuant to provisions in a mortgage, deed of trust or security deed.(P.A. 11-201, S. 7; P.A. 16-65, S. 43.)History: P.A. 11-201 effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 16-65 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “but not later than December 31, 2017,”.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31q (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31q - Successor in interest in foreclosed property. Termination of tenant lease and assumption of interest subject to tenant lease.

 (a) In the case of an owner who is an immediate successor in interest pursuant to foreclosure during the term of a lease, vacating the property prior to sale shall not constitute other good cause for terminating the lease of a tenant who is a recipient of assistance under 42 USC 1437f(o), the federal Housing Choice Voucher Program, except that the owner may terminate the tenancy effective on the date of transfer of the unit to the owner if the owner (1) will occupy the unit as a primary residence, and (2) has provided the tenant a notice to vacate at least ninety days before the effective date of such notice.(b) In the case of any foreclosure on any federally-related mortgage loan, as that term is defined in 12 USC 2602(1), the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974, or on any residential real property in which a recipient of assistance under 42 USC 1437(o), the federal Housing Choice Voucher Program, resides, the immediate successor in interest in such property pursuant to the foreclosure shall assume such interest subject to the lease between the prior owner and the tenant and to the housing assistance payments contract between the prior owner and the public housing agency for the occupied unit, except that this provision and the provisions related to foreclosure in subsection (a) of this section shall not affect any state or local law that provides longer time periods or other additional protections for tenants.(P.A. 11-201, S. 8; P.A. 16-65, S. 44.)History: P.A. 11-201 effective July 13, 2011; P.A. 16-65 deleted “On or before December 31, 2017,” and made technical changes.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31r (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31r - Foreclosure mediation: Notice of community-based resources.

 (a) A mortgagee, as defined in section 49-8a, shall include the form promulgated by the Judicial Branch, in accordance with subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of section 49-31l, concerning notice of community-based resources to parties involved in foreclosure mediation with any notice to a mortgagor, as defined in said section 49-8a, of an intent to accelerate the mortgage loan.(b) The Judicial Branch shall provide such form to parties involved in foreclosure mediation to public libraries, religious organizations and community-based programs throughout this state to ensure that such form is readily available to mortgagors.(c) Such form shall include the following:(1) A reference to CHFA/HUD-Approved Housing Counselors in lieu of a reference to CHFA-Approved Housing Counselors;(2) A column in the approved housing counselor chart that includes the counties in which each housing counselor serves; and(3) A notification to mortgagors who are currently parties to a foreclosure action that they should contact the Department of Banking's foreclosure assistance hotline for assistance with time sensitive foreclosure concerns.(June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-1, S. 129; P.A. 13-247, S. 326; 13-276, S. 42.)History: P.A. 13-247 deleted former Subsec. (b) re inclusion of form with arrearage statements and redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) and (d) as Subsecs. (b) and (c), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 13-276 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “statements sent to” with “complaint served on” and replacing “regarding” with “to judicially foreclose”, effective July 11, 2013.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31s (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31s - Simultaneous filing of motions for judgment of foreclosure and for default for failure to appear permitted for vacant, abandoned and unoccupied real property.

 (a) In a foreclosure action, the mortgagee may, notwithstanding any other law or rule to the contrary, file a motion for judgment of foreclosure simultaneously with a motion for default for failure to appear, if such mortgagee proves, by clear and convincing evidence and the use of a proper affidavit, that the real property that is the subject of the foreclosure action is not occupied by a mortgagor, tenant or other occupant and not less than three of the following conditions exist:(1) Statements of neighbors, delivery persons or government employees indicating that the property is vacant and abandoned;(2) Windows or entrances to the property that are boarded up or closed off or multiple window panes that are damaged, broken or unrepaired;(3) Doors to the property are smashed through, broken off, unhinged or continuously unlocked;(4) Risk to the health, safety or welfare of the public or any adjoining or adjacent property owners that exists due to acts of vandalism, loitering, criminal conduct or the physical destruction of the property;(5) An order by municipal authorities declaring the property to be unfit for occupancy and to remain vacant and unoccupied;(6) The mortgagee secured or winterized the property due to the property being deemed vacant and unprotected or in danger of freezing; or(7) A written statement issued by any mortgagor or tenant expressing the clear intent of all occupants to abandon the property.(b) A foreclosure action shall not proceed under the expedited procedures contemplated under subsection (a) of this section if there is on the property (1) an unoccupied building undergoing construction, renovation or rehabilitation that is (A) proceeding diligently toward completion, and (B) in compliance with all applicable ordinances, codes, regulations and statutes, (2) a secure building occupied on a seasonal basis, or (3) a secure building that is the subject of a probate action to quiet title or other ownership dispute.(P.A. 13-136, S. 5.)History: P.A. 13-136 effective July 15, 2013.
CT Gen Stat § 49-31v (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 846 - Mortgages|Section 49-31v - Foreclosure mediation program: Funding.

 The Ezequiel Santiago Foreclosure Mediation Program established pursuant to section 49-31m shall be funded within available appropriations and available until June 30, 2023. The size of such program shall be determined by available funding and the number and need of participants in such program.(P.A. 14-89, S. 46; P.A. 15-124, S. 4; P.A. 19-145, S. 7.)History: P.A. 14-89 effective July 1, 2014; P.A. 15-124 changed “2016” to “2019”, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 19-145 replaced “foreclosure mediation program” with “Ezequiel Santiago Foreclosure Mediation Program”, and replaced “2019” with “2023”, effective July 1, 2019.
CT Gen Stat § 49-32 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 847 - Liens|Section 49-32 - Liens in favor of the United States.

 Section 49-32 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7213; 1959, P.A. 574, S. 4; 1963, P.A. 528, S. 5; 1967, P.A. 456, S. 7.)
CT Gen Stat § 49-35b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 49 - Mortgages and Liens|Chapter 847 - Liens|Section 49-35b - Burden of proof at hearing. Authority of court.

 (a) Upon the hearing held on the application or motion set forth in section 49-35a, the lienor shall first be required to establish that there is probable cause to sustain the validity of his lien. Any person entitled to notice under section 49-35a may appear, be heard and prove by clear and convincing evidence that the validity of the lien should not be sustained or the amount of the lien claimed is excessive and should be reduced.(b) Upon consideration of the facts before it, the court or judge may: (1) Deny the application or motion if probable cause to sustain the validity of the lien is established; or (2) order the lien discharged if (A) probable cause to sustain its validity is not established, or (B) by clear and convincing evidence its invalidity is established; or (3) reduce the amount of the lien if the amount is found to be excessive by clear and convincing evidence; or (4) order the lien discharged or reduce the amount of the lien conditioned upon the posting of a bond, with surety, in a sum deemed sufficient by the judge to indemnify the lienor for any damage which may occur by the discharge or the reduction of amount.(P.A. 75-418, S. 5, 10; P.A. 76-290, S. 4, 6; P.A. 79-602, S. 90.)History: P.A. 76-290 added Subsec. (b)(4) authorizing court to discharge or reduce lien upon posting of bond with surety sufficient to indemnify lien or for damage which may occur; P.A. 79-602 rephrased provisions to replace “such” where appearing.Cited. 180 C. 501. Challenge by general contractor to constitutionality of mechanic's lien statutes discussed. 185 C. 583. Cited. 188 C. 253; 209 C. 185; 224 C. 29; 235 C. 595.Cited. 5 CA 106; 6 CA 180; Id., 443; 9 CA 682; 15 CA 633; 27 CA 199; 41 CA 737. Trial court did not improperly discharge a lien under section without first holding required hearing because, despite defendant's earlier filing for a continuance, defendant failed to appear at the hearing and forfeited his rights against plaintiff. 54 CA 355. Trial court properly discharged lien, even though it did not specifically state the standard of proof it applied, since trial court's actions and duties are presumed to have been performed in conformity with the law unless it appears to the contrary. 61 CA 156. Nothing prevents a discharge order from being superseded by another discharge order made during a subsequent proceeding in the same case. 86 CA 692.Cited. 33 CS 552.