reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY Bus Corp L § 516 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 5 - Corporate Finance 516 - Reduction of Stated Capital in Certain Cases.

§ 516. Reduction of stated capital in certain cases.  (a)  Except as otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, the board may at any time reduce the stated capital of a corporation  in any of the following ways:  (1)  by  eliminating  from  stated  capital  any  portion  of  amounts previously transferred by the board from surplus to stated  capital  and not allocated to any designated class or series of shares;  (2)   by   reducing  or  eliminating  any  amount  of  stated  capital represented by issued shares  having  a  par  value  which  exceeds  the aggregate par value of such shares;  (3)  by  reducing  the  amount of stated capital represented by issued shares without par value; or  (4) by applying  to  an  otherwise  authorized  purchase,  redemption, conversion  or  exchange of outstanding shares some or all of the stated capital represented by the shares being purchased,  redeemed,  converted or  exchanged,  or  some  or all of any stated capital that has not been allocated to any  particular  shares,  or  both.    Notwithstanding  the foregoing,  if  the  consideration  for  the issue of shares without par value was fixed by the shareholders under section 504 (Consideration and payment for shares), the board  shall  not  reduce  the  stated  capital represented  by such shares except to the extent, if any, that the board was authorized by the shareholders  to  allocate  any  portion  of  such consideration to surplus.  (b) No  reduction  of  stated capital shall be made under this section unless after such reduction the stated  capital  exceeds  the  aggregate preferential  amounts  payable  upon  involuntary  liquidation  upon all issued shares having preferential rights in  the  assets  plus  the  par value of all other issued shares with par value.  (c) When  a  reduction  of stated capital has been effected under this section, the amount of such reduction shall be  disclosed  in  the  next financial  statement covering the period in which such reduction is made that is furnished by the corporation to  all  its  shareholders  or,  if practicable,  in the first notice of dividend or share distribution that is furnished to the holders of  each  class  or  series  of  its  shares between  the  date  of  such  reduction  and  the  next  such  financial statement, and in any event to all its shareholders within six months of the date of such reduction.
NY Bus Corp L § 518 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 5 - Corporate Finance 518 - Corporate Bonds.

§ 518. Corporate bonds.  (a)  No  corporation  shall  issue  bonds  except  for  money or other property, tangible or intangible; labor or services actually received by or performed for the corporation or for its benefit or in its  formation or  reorganization;  a  binding  obligation  to  pay  the purchase price thereof in cash or other  property;  a  binding  obligation  to  perform services  having  an  agreed  value;  or  a  combination thereof. In the absence of fraud in the transaction, the judgment of the board as to the value of the consideration received shall be conclusive.  (b) If a distribution of its own bonds is made  by  a  corporation  to holders of any class or series of its outstanding shares, there shall be concurrently  transferred  to  the  liabilities  of  the  corporation in respect of such bonds an amount of surplus equal to the principal amount of, and any accrued interest on, such bonds. The amount of  the  surplus so transferred shall be the consideration for the issue of such bonds.  (c) A  corporation  may,  in  its certificate of incorporation, confer upon the holders of any bonds issued or to be issued by the corporation, rights to inspect the corporate books and records and  to  vote  in  the election  of directors and on any other matters on which shareholders of the corporation may vote.
NY Bus Corp L § 520 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 5 - Corporate Finance 520 - Liability for Failure to Disclose Required Information.

§ 520. Liability for failure to disclose required information.Failure  of the corporation to comply in good faith with the notice or   disclosure provisions of paragraphs (f) and (g) of  section  511  (Share   distributions  and  changes), or paragraph (c) of section 516 (Reduction   of stated capital in certain cases), shall make the  corporation  liable   for any damage sustained by any shareholder in consequence thereof.
NY Bus Corp L § 601 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 601 - By-Laws.

§ 601. By-laws.  (a)  The  initial  by-laws  of  a  corporation shall be adopted by its incorporator or incorporators at the organization meeting.   Thereafter, subject  to  section  613 (Limitations on right to vote), by-laws may be adopted, amended or repealed by a majority of  the  votes  cast  by  the shares  at  the  time entitled to vote in the election of any directors. When so provided in the certificate of incorporation or a by-law adopted by the shareholders, by-laws may also be adopted, amended or repealed by the board by such vote as may be therein specified, which may be greater than the vote otherwise prescribed  by  this  chapter,  but  any  by-law adopted  by  the  board  may  be amended or repealed by the shareholders entitled to vote thereon as  herein  provided.  Any  reference  in  this chapter to a "by-law adopted by the shareholders" shall include a by-law adopted by the incorporator or incorporators.  (b)  The by-laws may contain any provision relating to the business of the corporation, the conduct of its affairs, its rights or powers or the rights or  powers  of  its  shareholders,  directors  or  officers,  not inconsistent with this chapter or any other statute of this state or the certificate of incorporation.
NY Bus Corp L § 603 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 603 - Special Meeting for Election of Directors.

§ 603. Special meeting for election of directors.  (a) If, for a period of one month after the date fixed by or under the by-laws  for  the annual meeting of shareholders, or if no date has been so fixed, for a period of thirteen months after  the  formation  of  the corporation  or  the  last annual meeting, there is a failure to elect a sufficient  number  of  directors  to  conduct  the  business   of   the corporation,  the board shall call a special meeting for the election of directors. If such special meeting is not called by the board within two weeks after the expiration of such period or if  it  is  so  called  but there  is  a  failure to elect such directors for a period of two months after the expiration of such period, holders of ten percent of the votes of the shares entitled to vote in  an  election  of  directors  may,  in writing,  demand  the  call  of  a  special  meeting for the election of directors specifying the date and month thereof, which shall not be less than sixty nor more than ninety days  from  the  date  of  such  written demand.  The  secretary  of  the  corporation upon receiving the written demand shall promptly give notice of such meeting, or if he fails to  do so  within  five  business days thereafter, any shareholder signing such demand may give such notice. The meeting shall  be  held  at  the  place fixed  in  the  by-laws  or,  if  not  so  fixed,  at  the office of the corporation.  (b) At any such special meeting  called  on  demand  of  shareholders, notwithstanding  section  608 (Quorum of shareholders), the shareholders attending, in person or by proxy, and entitled to vote in an election of directors  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  of  electing directors, but not for the transaction of any other business.
NY Bus Corp L § 604 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 604 - Fixing Record Date.

§ 604. Fixing record date.  (a) For the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to or dissent from any proposal without a meeting, or  for  the  purpose  of  determining  shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment  of  any  rights,  or  for  the purpose  of  any other action, the by-laws may provide for fixing or, in the absence of such provision, the board may fix, in advance, a date  as the  record  date  for any such determination of shareholders. Such date shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the  date  of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action.  (b) If no record date is fixed:  (1) The  record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the  close of  business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if no notice is given, the day on which the meeting is held.  (2) The record date for determining shareholders for any purpose other than that specified in  subparagraph  (1)  shall  be  at  the  close  of business  on  the  day  on  which  the  resolution of the board relating thereto is adopted.  (c) When a determination of shareholders of record entitled to  notice of  or  to vote at any meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this section, such  determination  shall  apply  to  any  adjournment thereof, unless the board fixes a new record date under this section for the adjourned meeting.
NY Bus Corp L § 606 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 606 - Waivers of Notice.

§ 606. Waivers of notice.Notice  of  meeting need not be given to any shareholder who submits a   waiver of notice whether before or after the meeting. Waiver  of  notice   may be written or electronic. If written, the waiver must be executed by   the  shareholder  or  the  shareholder's  authorized  officer, director,   employee or agent by signing such waiver or causing his or her signature   to be affixed to such waiver by any reasonable means, including, but not   limited to, facsimile signature. If electronic, the transmission of  the   waiver must either set forth or be submitted with information from which   it  can reasonably be determined that the transmission was authorized by   the shareholder. The attendance of any  shareholder  at  a  meeting,  in   person  or  by  proxy, without protesting prior to the conclusion of the   meeting the lack of notice of such meeting, shall constitute a waiver of   notice by such shareholder.
NY Bus Corp L § 607 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 607 - List of Shareholders at Meetings.

§ 607. List of shareholders at meetings.A  list  of  shareholders  as  of  the  record  date, certified by the   corporate officer responsible for  its  preparation  or  by  a  transfer   agent, shall be produced at any meeting of shareholders upon the request   thereat or prior thereto of any shareholder. If the right to vote at any   meeting  is  challenged, the inspectors of election, or person presiding   thereat, shall require such list  of  shareholders  to  be  produced  as   evidence of the right of the persons challenged to vote at such meeting,   and all persons who appear from such list to be shareholders entitled to   vote thereat may vote at such meeting.
NY Bus Corp L § 608 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 608 - Quorum of Shareholders.

§ 608. Quorum of shareholders.  (a) The  holders of a majority of the votes of shares entitled to vote thereat shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of shareholders  for  the transaction  of  any  business,  provided  that when a specified item of business is required to be voted on by a particular class or  series  of shares,  voting  as  a  class, the holders of a majority of the votes of shares of such class  or  series  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the transaction of such specified item of business.  (b) The  certificate  of  incorporation or by-laws may provide for any lesser quorum not less than one-third of the votes of shares entitled to vote, and the  certificate  of  incorporation  may,  under  section  616 (Greater requirement as to quorum and vote of shareholders), provide for a greater quorum.  (c) When  a  quorum  is  once present to organize a meeting, it is not broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any shareholders.  (d) The shareholders present  may  adjourn  the  meeting  despite  the absence of a quorum.
NY Bus Corp L § 610 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 610 - Selection of Inspectors at Shareholders' Meetings.

§ 610. Selection of inspectors at shareholders' meetings.  (a) The board of directors shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at  the  meeting  or  any  adjournment thereof and make a written report thereof. The board of directors may designate one  or  more  persons  as alternate  inspectors  to  replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed, or if such persons are unable to act at a meeting of shareholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or  more  inspectors  to  act  at  the  meeting.  Each inspector,  before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector  at  such meeting  with  strict  impartiality  and  according  to  the best of his ability.  (b) Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of  incorporation  or by-laws,  paragraph (a) of this section shall not apply to a corporation that does not have a class of voting stock that is listed on a  national securities  exchange  or  authorized  for  quotation  on  an interdealer quotation  system  of  a  registered  national  securities  association. Notwithstanding  the foregoing, any corporation may take the actions set forth in paragraph (a) of this section.
NY Bus Corp L § 613 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 613 - Limitations on Right to Vote.

§ 613. Limitations on right to vote.The  certificate  of  incorporation  may provide, except as limited by   section 501 (Authorized shares),  either  absolutely  or  conditionally,   that  the  holders of any designated class or series of shares shall not   be entitled to vote, or it may otherwise limit or define the  respective   voting powers of the several classes or series of shares, and, except as   otherwise  provided in this chapter, such provisions of such certificate   shall prevail, according to their tenor, in all  elections  and  in  all   proceedings,  over  the  provisions of this chapter which authorizes any   action by the shareholders.
NY Bus Corp L § 614 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 614 - Vote of Shareholders.

§ 614. Vote of shareholders.  (a) Directors  shall,  except as otherwise required by this chapter or by the by-laws or certificate of  incorporation  as  permitted  by  this chapter,  be  elected  by  a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of shareholders by the holders of shares entitled to vote in the election.  (b)  Whenever  any  corporate  action,  other  than  the  election  of directors,   is   to  be  taken  under  this  chapter  by  vote  of  the shareholders, it shall, except as otherwise required by this chapter  or by  the  certificate of incorporation as permitted by this chapter or by the specific provisions of a by-law  adopted  by  the  shareholders,  be authorized  by  a majority of the votes cast in favor of or against such action at a meeting of shareholders by the holders of shares entitled to vote thereon.  Except  as  otherwise  provided  in  the  certificate  of incorporation  or  the  specific  provision  of  a by-law adopted by the shareholders, an abstention shall not constitute a vote cast.
NY Bus Corp L § 616 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 616 - Greater Requirement as to Quorum and Vote of Shareholders.

§ 616. Greater requirement as to quorum and vote of shareholders.  (a) The certificate of incorporation may contain provisions specifying either or both of the following:  (1) That the proportion of votes of shares, or the proportion of votes of  shares of any class or series thereof, the holders of which shall be present in person or by proxy at any meeting of shareholders,  including a  special  meeting for election of directors under section 603 (Special meeting for election of directors), in order to constitute a quorum  for the  transaction  of  any business or of any specified item of business, including amendments to  the  certificate  of  incorporation,  shall  be greater than the proportion prescribed by this chapter in the absence of such provision.  (2) That  the  proportion  of votes of shares, or votes of shares of a particular class or series of shares, that shall  be  necessary  at  any meeting  of  shareholders  for the transaction of any business or of any specified item of business, including amendments to the  certificate  of incorporation,  shall  be greater than the proportion prescribed by this chapter in the absence of such provision.  (b) An amendment of the certificate of incorporation which changes  or strikes  out  a provision permitted by this section, shall be authorized at a meeting of shareholders by two-thirds of the votes  of  the  shares entitled  to  vote  thereon,  or  of such greater proportion of votes of shares, or votes of shares of a particular class or series of shares, as may be provided specifically in the  certificate  of  incorporation  for changing or striking out a provision permitted by this section.  (c) If  the certificate of incorporation of any corporation contains a provision authorized by this section, the existence  of  such  provision shall  be  noted  conspicuously on the face or back of every certificate for shares issued by such  corporation,  except  that  this  requirement shall  not  apply  to  any  corporation  having  any class of any equity security  registered  pursuant  to  Section  twelve  of  the  Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
NY Bus Corp L § 617 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 617 - Voting by Class or Classes of Shares.

§ 617. Voting by class or classes of shares.  (a) The certificate of incorporation may contain provisions specifying that  any class or classes of shares or of any series thereof shall vote as a class in connection with the transaction of any business or of  any specified  item  of  business  at  a  meeting of shareholders, including amendments to the certificate of incorporation.  (b) Where voting  as  a  class  is  provided  in  the  certificate  of incorporation,  it shall be by the proportionate vote so provided or, if no proportionate vote is provided, in the election of  directors,  by  a plurality  of the votes cast at such meeting by the holders of shares of such class entitled to vote in the election, or for any other  corporate action,  by  a majority of the votes cast at such meeting by the holders of shares of such class entitled to vote thereon.  (c) Such voting by class shall be  in  addition  to  any  other  vote, including vote by class, required by this chapter and by the certificate of incorporation as permitted by this chapter.
NY Bus Corp L § 618 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 618 - Cumulative Voting.

§ 618. Cumulative voting.The  certificate  of incorporation of any corporation may provide that   in all elections of directors of such corporation each shareholder shall   be entitled to as many votes as shall equal the number of  votes  which,   except for such provisions as to cumulative voting, he would be entitled   to  cast  for  the  election  of  directors  with  respect to his shares   multiplied by the number of directors to be elected,  and  that  he  may   cast  all  of  such  votes  for a single director or may distribute them   among the number to be voted for, or any two or more of them, as he  may   see fit, which right, when exercised, shall be termed cumulative voting.
NY Bus Corp L § 619 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 619 - Powers of Supreme Court Respecting Elections.

§ 619. Powers of supreme court respecting elections.Upon  the  petition  of  any shareholder aggrieved by an election, and   upon notice to the persons declared elected thereat, the corporation and   such other persons as the court may  direct,  the  supreme  court  at  a   special  term  held within the judicial district where the office of the   corporation is located shall forthwith hear the proofs  and  allegations   of  the parties, and confirm the election, order a new election, or take   such other action as justice may require.
NY Bus Corp L § 621 (2021)
2021 New York Laws BSC - Business Corporation Article 6 - Shareholders 621 - Voting Trust Agreements.

§ 621. Voting trust agreements.  (a) Any  shareholder  or  shareholders, under an agreement in writing, may transfer his or their shares to a voting trustee or trustees for the purpose of conferring the  right  to  vote  thereon  for  a  period  not exceeding  ten  years  upon the terms and conditions therein stated. The certificates  for  shares  so  transferred  shall  be  surrendered   and cancelled  and  new  certificates  therefor  issued  to  such trustee or trustees stating that they are issued under such agreement, and  in  the entry of such ownership in the record of the corporation that fact shall also  be  noted,  and  such  trustee  or trustees may vote the shares so transferred during the term of such agreement.  (b) The trustee or trustees shall keep  available  for  inspection  by holders  of  voting  trust  certificates  at his or their office or at a place designated in such agreement or of which  the  holders  of  voting trust  certificates  have been notified in writing, correct and complete books and records of  account  relating  to  the  trust,  and  a  record containing  the  names  and  addresses of all persons who are holders of voting trust certificates and the number and class of shares represented by the certificates held by them and the  dates  when  they  became  the owners  thereof.  The  record  may  be in written form or any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time.  (c) A duplicate of every such agreement shall be filed in  the  office of  the  corporation  and  it and the record of voting trust certificate holders  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  right  of  inspection  by  a shareholder  of  record  or  a  holder of a voting trust certificate, in person or by agent or attorney, as are the records  of  the  corporation under  section  624 (Books and records; right of inspection, prima facie evidence).   The shareholder or holder of  a  voting  trust  certificate shall be entitled to the remedies provided in that section.  (d) At any time within six months before the expiration of such voting trust  agreement  as  originally  fixed or as extended one or more times under this paragraph, one or more holders of voting  trust  certificates may,  by  agreement in writing, extend the duration of such voting trust agreement, nominating the same or substitute trustee or trustees, for an additional period not exceeding  ten  years.  Such  extension  agreement shall  not  affect  the  rights  or  obligations  of persons not parties thereto and  shall in every respect comply with and be  subject  to  all the  provisions  of this section applicable to the original voting trust agreement.