reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 43-2-61 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 3 - Notice of Appointment of Executors or Administrators.|Section 43-2-61 - Manner of Giving Notice.

Section 43-2-61Manner of giving notice. Notice, as prescribed in section 43-2-60, must be given: (1) By first-class mail addressed to their last known address, or by other mechanism reasonably calculated to provide actual notice, to all persons, firms, and corporations having claims against the decedent, who are known or who are reasonably ascertainable by the personal representative within six months from the grant of letters; and (2) By publishing a notice once a week for three successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation published in the county in which the letters were granted or, if none is published in the county, in the one published nearest to the courthouse thereof or in an adjoining county. (Code 1852, §1735; Code 1867, §2058; Code 1876, §2427; Code 1886, §2076; Code 1896, §123; Code 1907, §2587; Code 1923, §5812; Code 1940, T. 61, §94; Acts 1989, No. 89-811, p. 1618, §2.)
AL Code § 43-2-62 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 3 - Notice of Appointment of Executors or Administrators.|Section 43-2-62 - Penalty for Failure to Give Notice.

Section 43-2-62Penalty for failure to give notice. It is the duty of the judge of probate to see that such publication is duly made; and any executor or administrator failing to make the same must not be allowed any compensation as such; and he and his sureties are liable, on proof that such notice has not been given, to any creditor for the amount which he would have been entitled to out of the assets of the estate had his claim been duly presented. (Code 1852, §1736; Code 1867, §2059; Code 1876, §2428; Code 1886, §2077; Code 1896, §124; Code 1907, §2588; Code 1923, §5813; Code 1940, T. 61, §95.)
AL Code § 43-2-82 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-82 - Liability of Judge of Probate, etc., in Taking Bond.

Section 43-2-82Liability of judge of probate, etc., in taking bond.  When a party is required to give a bond and is not otherwise exempt from giving a bond, the judge of probate is liable for any wanton, fraudulent, or intentional misconduct for not requiring a bond or for taking an insufficient bond from any personal representative, fiduciary, or someone serving in a similar capacity. Any person injured thereby may maintain an action against the judge and his or her sureties and recover for the injury proved. (Code 1852, §1692; Code 1867, §2013; Code 1876, §2375; Code 1886, §2033; Code 1896, §76; Code 1907, §2545; Code 1923, §5767; Code 1940, T. 61, §101; Act 2017-174, §1.)
AL Code § 43-2-83 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-83 - Discharge of Surety; New Bond.

Section 43-2-83Discharge of surety; new bond. (a) Upon the application in writing of any surety or sureties upon the bond of an executor or administrator requesting to be discharged from any future liability as such surety or sureties, or upon the application in writing of the personal representative or of an heir or devisee of a deceased surety upon such bond requesting that the estate of such deceased surety be discharged from future liability by reason of such suretyship, the court shall give to such executor or administrator notice of such application and require him, within 15 days after the service of the notice, to make a new bond; and upon the failure to make such bond, such executor or administrator shall be removed and his letters revoked; and upon such removal he shall make settlement of his administration. Any number of persons having the right to make application under this section may join in the application. (b) When a new bond is given under subsection (a) of this section, the surety on whose application or the estate of the deceased surety on whose behalf the application was made, as the case may be, is discharged as to all breaches subsequent to the execution and approval of the new bond. (Code 1876, §2385; Code 1886, §2044; Code 1896, §§90, 91; Code 1907, §§2547, 2548; Code 1923, §§5769, 5770; Code 1940, T. 61, §§103, 104.)
AL Code § 43-2-84 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-84 - Bond of Applicant When Administration Committed to General Administrator or Sheriff.

Section 43-2-84Bond of applicant when administration committed to general administrator or sheriff. (a) When administration is committed to the general administrator or sheriff, on the application of a third person, such letters must not be granted unless such person enters into bond, with surety, to be approved by the judge, to pay the fees and allowances made by the court on such administration, if the property of the estate is insufficient therefor. (b) If, upon the settlement of an administrator appointed under subsection (a), it appears that sufficient assets of his intestate have not come to his hands to pay the costs and expenses legally incurred in his administration, the probate court having jurisdiction of such administration may enter a judgment and thereon issue execution against the obligors in the bond mentioned in subsection (a), for any excess due above the assets in the hands of such administrator. (Code 1852, §1691; Code 1867, §§2011, 2012; Code 1876, §§2373, 2374; Code 1886, §§2031, 2032; Code 1896, §§74, 75; Code 1907, §§2543, 2544; Code 1923, §§5765, 5766; Code 1940, T. 61, §§99, 100.)
AL Code § 43-2-85 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-85 - Bond of General Administrator.

Section 43-2-85Bond of general administrator. The general administrator of a county must give bond, with at least two sufficient sureties or a sufficient guaranty or surety company, in an amount to be prescribed by the judge of probate sufficient to secure all persons interested, payable to the judge of probate and conditioned faithfully to administer all estates which may come to his charge as such general administrator, which bond must be approved by such judge. (Code 1852, §1689; Code 1867, §2009; Code 1876, §2371; Code 1886, §2028; Code 1896, §70; Code 1907, §2536; Code 1923, §5758; Code 1940, T. 61, §135.)
AL Code § 43-2-86 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-86 - Additional Bond of General Administrator.

Section 43-2-86Additional bond of general administrator. An additional bond may also be required of the general administrator, whenever the judge of probate deems it necessary to secure the interests of the estate confided to his charge or the sureties may be unwilling to remain longer bound; and, if he fails to give such bond within the time prescribed by the court, he must be removed and his letters revoked; and when any person interested in an estate committed to the general administrator shall give notice in writing to the judge of probate that the interest of the estate requires that the general administrator should give an additional bond, such judge must require him to give such bond; and if, in such case, the judge of probate fails or omits to require such bond and loss thereby results to anyone interested, he and the sureties on his official bond shall be responsible therefor. (Code 1852, §1711; Code 1867, §2032; Code 1876, §2401; Code 1886, §2055; Code 1896, §102; Code 1907, §2549; Code 1923, §5771; Code 1940, T. 61, §105.)
AL Code § 43-2-87 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-87 - Additional Bond of Sheriff.

Section 43-2-87Additional bond of sheriff. When the administration of any estate is committed to the sheriff, the judge of probate, at such time or at any time thereafter, while the administration is in the hands of such officer, may require of him an additional bond if, in his opinion, the official bond of such officer is not sufficient security for the protection of the estate; and if he fails to give such additional bond for 10 days after notice that the same is required, he vacates his office, and the judge of probate must certify the vacancy to the appointing power. (Code 1852, §1712; Code 1867, §2033; Code 1876, §2402; Code 1886, §2056; Code 1896, §103; Code 1907, §2550; Code 1923, §5772; Code 1940, T. 61, §106.)
AL Code § 43-2-88 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-88 - When Sureties Discharged by Additional Bond.

Section 43-2-88When sureties discharged by additional bond. When an additional bond is given on the application of the surety of an executor or administrator, such surety is discharged as to all breaches subsequent to the execution and approval of the additional bond. (Code 1852, §1715; Code 1867, §2036; Code 1876, §2405; Code 1886, §2057; Code 1896, §104; Code 1907, §2551; Code 1923, §5773; Code 1940, T. 61, §107.)
AL Code § 43-2-89 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-89 - Force and Obligations of Former Bonds Continued.

Section 43-2-89Force and obligations of former bonds continued. When the additional bond is not given on the application of a surety, the former bonds are not discharged, but each remains of the same force and obligation as if such additional bond had not been given; and any person aggrieved, for a breach of the last bond, may proceed on either or all of the bonds, in the same or in separate proceedings. (Code 1852, §1716; Code 1867, §2037; Code 1876, §2406; Code 1886, §2058; Code 1896, §105; Code 1907, §2552; Code 1923, §5774; Code 1940, T. 61, §108.)
AL Code § 43-2-90 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-90 - Rights of Sureties Among Themselves.

Section 43-2-90Rights of sureties among themselves. The sureties in either bond, who have been compelled to make any payment thereon for the principal obligor, on a breach subsequent to the execution of the last bond, have the same remedies against the sureties on the remaining bonds as cosureties have against each other and may recover against such sureties such an amount as shall be in the same proportion to the sum paid by the plaintiff as the aggregate penalty of the two bonds bears to the penalty of the bond of the defendant, apportioning the same among the solvent sureties. (Code 1852, §1717; Code 1867, §2038; Code 1876, §2407; Code 1886, §2059; Code 1896, §106; Code 1907, §2553; Code 1923, §5775; Code 1940, T. 61, §109.)
AL Code § 43-2-91 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-91 - Bonds Valid and Operative as Statutory Bonds.

Section 43-2-91Bonds valid and operative as statutory bonds. The bond of the general administrator of the county or of any executor or administrator is valid and operative as a statutory bond and is of the same obligation, force and effect as a statutory bond, though it may not be approved, or in the penalty, or payable or with the condition required by law. (Code 1852, §1714; Code 1867, §2035; Code 1876, §2404; Code 1886, §2273; Code 1896, §342; Code 1907, §2554; Code 1923, §5776; Code 1940, T. 61, §110.)
AL Code § 43-2-92 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-92 - Conditional Execution or Delivery of Bond.

Section 43-2-92Conditional execution or delivery of bond. A surety on the bond of the general administrator of the county or on the bond of any executor or administrator cannot avoid liability thereon on the ground that he signed or delivered it on condition that it should not be delivered to the judge of probate or should not become perfect, unless it was executed by some other person who does not execute it. (Code 1886, §2274; Code 1896, §343; Code 1907, §2555; Code 1923, §5777; Code 1940, T. 61, §111.)
AL Code § 43-2-93 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 4 - Bonds of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-93 - Reducing Amount of Bond.

Section 43-2-93Reducing amount of bond. Upon the filing of any partial settlement by the executor under a will, or the administrator of the estate of a deceased person, in the court in which such estate is pending, such executor or administrator may pray for a reduction in the amount of his or her bond as a fiduciary, and thereupon the court must set a day for the hearing of such partial settlement and must cause notices to be issued to all parties in interest as is now provided by law for final settlements of such estates. And on the day set for hearing the court may fix the amount to which the bond shall be reduced, which shall be determined as now provided by law for such bonds. (Acts 1939, No. 560, p. 883; Code 1940, T. 61, §112.)
AL Code § 43-2-110 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 5 - Liability of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-110 - Limits of Liability Generally.

Section 43-2-110Limits of liability generally. No executor or administrator is liable, except in the case provided by section 43-2-62, beyond the amount of assets which have come to his hands or which have been lost, destroyed, wasted, injured, depreciated or not collected by want of diligence on his part or an abuse of his trust. (Code 1852, §1919; Code 1867, §2278; Code 1876, §2616; Code 1886, §2269; Code 1896, §337; Code 1907, §2798; Code 1923, §6037; Code 1940, T. 61, §114.)
AL Code § 43-2-111 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 5 - Liability of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-111 - Liability for Damages Recovered Under Sections 6-5-391, 6-5-410 or 25-6-3.

Section 43-2-111Liability for damages recovered under sections 6-5-391, 6-5-410 or 25-6-3. The personal representative and the sureties on his bond are liable to the parties in interest for the due and legal distribution of all damages recovered by such representative under sections 6-5-391, 6-5-410 or 25-6-3, and are subject to all remedies which may be pursued against such representative and sureties for the due administration of personal assets. (Code 1886, §2593; Code 1896, §338; Code 1907, §2799; Code 1923, §6038; Code 1940, T. 61, §115.)
AL Code § 43-2-112 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 5 - Liability of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-112 - Executor or Administrator of Decedent Who Wasted or Converted Another Decedent's Assets.

Section 43-2-112Executor or administrator of decedent who wasted or converted another decedent's assets. The executor or administrator of any decedent who, as executor, administrator or otherwise, has wasted or converted to his own use any assets of any other decedent is liable in the same manner as his testator or intestate would have been if living. (Code 1852, §1928; Code 1867, §2287; Code 1876, §2631; Code 1886, §2268; Code 1896, §336; Code 1907, §2797; Code 1923, §6036; Code 1940, T. 61, §113.)
AL Code § 43-2-113 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 5 - Liability of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-113 - Executor De Son Tort.

Section 43-2-113Executor de son tort. No person is liable to an action, as executor of his own wrong, for having taken, received or interfered with the property of a deceased person but is liable to the executor or administrator for the value of all the property so taken or received and for all damages caused by his act to the estate of the deceased; but the provisions of this section must not be construed so as to prevent any creditor from maintaining a civil action against anyone in possession of property fraudulently transferred by such deceased person. (Code 1852, §1933; Code 1867, §2292; Code 1876, §2636; Code 1886, §2271; Code 1896, §340; Code 1907, §2801; Code 1923, §6040; Code 1940, T. 61, §117.)
AL Code § 43-2-114 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 5 - Liability of Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-114 - Resignation as Defense.

Section 43-2-114Resignation as defense. No executor or administrator can allege his resignation in defense to any action or proceeding without an averment that he has settled his administration and delivered over the assets of the estate as required by law. (Code 1852, §1920; Code 1867, §2279; Code 1876, §2617; Code 1886, §2270; Code 1896, §339; Code 1907, §2800; Code 1923, §6039; Code 1940, T. 61, §116.)
AL Code § 43-2-170 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 7 - County or General Administrators.|Section 43-2-170 - Appointment and Duties Generally; Term of Office.

Section 43-2-170Appointment and duties generally; term of office. Each judge of probate must appoint a suitable person as a general administrator within his county, who must take charge of the estates of deceased persons or act as special administrator, in those cases in which no other persons entitled thereto will administer and no other person is appointed by the court. His office shall expire with the expiration of the term of the judge who appointed him. (Code 1852, §1680; Code 1867, §2000; Code 1876, §2362; Code 1886, §2027; Code 1896, §69; Code 1907, §2535; Code 1923, §5757; Code 1940, T. 61, §134.)
AL Code § 43-2-171 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 7 - County or General Administrators.|Section 43-2-171 - Time Delay for Committing Administration of Estate.

Section 43-2-171Time delay for committing administration of estate. The administration of an estate must not be committed to the general administrator or to the sheriff, except as special administrator, until the death of the decedent has been known 40 days, nor until one month after the death, resignation or removal of an executor or administrator previously appointed. (Code 1852, §1682; Code 1867, §2002; Code 1876, §2364; Code 1886, §2030; Code 1896, §73; Code 1907, §2539; Code 1923, §5761; Code 1940, T. 61, §138.)
AL Code § 43-2-172 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 7 - County or General Administrators.|Section 43-2-172 - Commitment of Administration to Sheriff.

Section 43-2-172Commitment of administration to sheriff. In case there is no general administrator and no other fit person will administer, the court may commit administration to the sheriff of the county; when so committed, the administration attaches to the office, and the official oath and bond of such office are the security for his faithful administration. (Code 1852, §§1681, 1690; Code 1867, §§2001, 2010; Code 1876, §§2363, 2372; Code 1886, §2029; Code 1896, §72; Code 1907, §2538; Code 1923, §5760; Code 1940, T. 61, §137.)
AL Code § 43-2-173 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 7 - County or General Administrators.|Section 43-2-173 - Resignation and Removal - Generally.

Section 43-2-173Resignation and removal - Generally. (a) The general administrator may be removed for the same causes as other administrators. Such removal may be made by the judge of probate without notice, but the grounds thereof must be entered on the minutes of the court. (b) The resignation of the office of general administrator shall not operate to discharge the incumbent from the administration of any estate previously committed to his charge as such general administrator; but he may proceed, notwithstanding such resignation, to administer and finally settle the same, as if he had not resigned such office; and the sureties on his bond as general administrator shall be liable for every act of maladministration on such estate committed after his resignation, to the same extent as if he had not resigned; but he may be removed from the administration of such estate for any of the causes prescribed by law, or he may resign his administration thereon by leave of the probate court of his county. (Code 1852, §1710; Code 1867, §§2031, 2041; Code 1876, §§2400, 2410; Code 1886, §§2054, 2062; Code 1896, §§101, 109; Code 1907, §§2575, 2578; Code 1923, §§5798, 5801; Code 1940, T. 61, §§174, 188.)
AL Code § 43-2-174 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 7 - County or General Administrators.|Section 43-2-174 - Resignation and Removal - Appointment of Successor.

Section 43-2-174Resignation and removal - Appointment of successor. Upon the resignation or removal of a general administrator from office, the judge of the probate court of the proper county must proceed to appoint some other suitable person general administrator for such county, who shall give bond as required by law, and administer on such estates as may be committed to his charge by the probate court of his county. (Code 1867, §2042; Code 1876, §2411; Code 1886, §2063; Code 1896, §110; Code 1907, §2532; Code 1923, §5754; Code 1940, T. 61, §139.)
AL Code § 43-2-175 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 7 - County or General Administrators.|Section 43-2-175 - Record of Official Acts.

Section 43-2-175Record of official acts. The general administrator must, from time to time, enter, in a well-bound book to be supplied by the court of county commissioners, a full and complete record of his official acts concerning each estate in his charge. Such book shall be kept in the office of the judge of probate and free to the examination of all persons when not in use. (Code 1896, §71; Code 1907, §2537; Code 1923, §5759; Code 1940, T. 61, §136.)
AL Code § 43-2-190 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-190 - Applications for Letters Testamentary or of Administration.

Section 43-2-190Applications for letters testamentary or of administration. The application filed by a nonresident for letters testamentary or of administration must set forth his name and post-office address; but the address so given may, at any time, be changed by such nonresident executor or administrator, such change to be shown by a written statement setting forth his present post-office address, signed by such executor or administrator, or his attorney and filed and recorded in the court granting the letters. (Code 1896, §83; Code 1907, §2559; Code 1923, §5782; Code 1940, T. 61, §144.)