reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 8-3-41 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 3 - Judgments.|Section 8-3-41 - Issuance of Execution on Judgment Paid by Surety; Collection of Money From Principal Debtor or Cosureties.

Section 8-3-41Issuance of execution on judgment paid by surety; collection of money from principal debtor or cosureties. (a) If a judgment is entered by any court against a principal debtor and his surety, or against his sureties, and one or more of his sureties shall pay and satisfy the judgment, the same shall be thereby transferred and assigned by operation of law to the surety or sureties paying and satisfying it, who shall have all the liens and equities of such judgment and of the debt or claim on which the same is founded which the creditor therein had. (b) The surety, on making affidavit of his suretyship and of his having paid the judgment and filing the affidavit and any evidence of such payment that he may hold with the officer authorized to issue execution on the judgment to whom he may apply for execution, shall be entitled to have execution issued on the judgment in the name of the plaintiff or complainant for his use or in his own name against the other defendants therein, as if the judgment had not been paid and satisfied. (c) The officer issuing the execution shall endorse thereon that it is issued for the use of the surety who paid the judgment, and the officer serving it shall collect the money for the use of the surety from the principal debtor, if he is a party to the judgment and the money can be made out of him; if not, he shall collect a ratable proportion of the money from each of the cosureties. (Code 1907, §5409; Code 1923, §9568; Code 1940, T. 9, §102.)
AL Code § 8-3-42 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 3 - Judgments.|Section 8-3-42 - Sureties Entitled to Summary Judgment Against Principal and Between Each Other.

Section 8-3-42Sureties entitled to summary judgment against principal and between each other. Sureties, whether bound on the contract or instrument with the principal debtor as joint or joint and several obligors or promisors, as accommodation drawers, acceptors, or endorsers of a bill of exchange or in any other manner, are entitled to a summary judgment against their principal and between each other, by motion in the circuit court on three days' notice thereof, in the cases, and in the following manner: (1) Against the principal debtor: a. When a judgment has been obtained against the surety which he has satisfied, either wholly or in part, for the amount paid and interest; b. When a surety or sureties are sued without their principal upon notice given to the principal of the pending action if judgment is obtained against the surety, judgment for the same amount must be entered against the principal in favor of the surety. (2) Between sureties: a. A surety who has paid the debt of his principal may recover of each of his cosureties their aliquot proportion of the debt, and, if any of the cosureties are insolvent, the proportion of such insolvent must be excluded from the estimate, and judgment be entered against the remaining solvent sureties for their proportion of the debt as if such insolvent were not a cosurety. b. When an action is pending against one or more sureties either in connection with or without their principal, then if the principal is insolvent or dead, the surety so sued may recover on notice of the pending action judgment against such of the cosureties as are not sued in that action for their aliquot proportion of the debt, excluding from the estimate the proportion of such of the sureties as are insolvent as if such insolvent had not been a surety. (Code 1852, §§2643-2645; Code 1867, §§3070-3072; Code 1876, §§3410-3412; Code 1886, §§3149-3151; Code 1896, §§3880-3882; Code 1907, §§5405-5407; Code 1923, §§9564-9566; Code 1940, T. 9, §§98-100.)
AL Code § 8-5-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-5-1 - Action on Instrument Issued to Circulate as Money Without Authority; Interest on Same.

Section 8-5-1Action on instrument issued to circulate as money without authority; interest on same. Every bill of exchange, note, bond, or instrument of any description, whatever may be its form or device, issued with the intent to circulate as money without authority of law, is an absolute, unconditional promise of the association or person putting such bill, note, or other instrument in circulation, and may be sued on by the holder thereof without transfer or assignment and without demand, protest, or notice and the amount thereof recovered with interest thereon at the rate of 50 percent per annum from the date thereof or from the time the same was put in circulation. (Code 1852, §935; Code 1867, §1171; Code 1876, §1424; Code 1886, §1193; Code 1896, §866; Code 1907, §5150; Code 1923, §9223; Code 1940, T. 39, §192.)
AL Code § 8-5-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-5-2 - Issuance of Change Bills, etc., by Corporations Prohibited.

Section 8-5-2Issuance of change bills, etc., by corporations prohibited. No corporation doing business in this state shall pay out, by its agents or officers, any change bills, notes, or paper issued without authority of law, the circulation or passing of which is prohibited by the laws of this state; and if such corporation allows the same, it incurs a forfeiture of its charter. (Code 1852, §936; Code 1867, §1172; Code 1876, §1425; Code 1886, §1194; Code 1896, §867; Code 1907, §5151; Code 1923, §9224; Code 1940, T. 39, §193.)
AL Code § 8-5-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-20 - Bonds, Contracts, Writings for Payment of Money, etc., Assignable by Endorsement.

Section 8-5-20Bonds, contracts, writings for payment of money, etc., assignable by endorsement. All bonds, writings, and contracts for the payment of money, or other thing, or the performance of any act or duty, are assignable by endorsement so as to authorize an action thereon by each successive endorsee. (Code 1852, §1530; Code 1867, §1838; Code 1876, §2099; Code 1886, §1762; Code 1896, §876; Code 1907, §5158; Code 1923, §9231; Code 1940, T. 39, §200.)
AL Code § 8-5-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-21 - Assignment of Future Wages Void.

Section 8-5-21Assignment of future wages void. (a) All assignments made by any person of salaries or wages, to be earned in the future, shall be absolutely void. (b) The provisions of this section shall also apply to orders given by employees covering the whole or part of future wages. (Acts 1911, No. 226, p. 370; Code 1923, §9232; Code 1940, T. 39, §201.)
AL Code § 8-5-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-22 - Right to Assign Interest in Crops.

Section 8-5-22Right to assign interest in crops. Nothing in Section 8-5-21 shall be construed to affect the right of the laborer under Section 35-9-37 to assign his interest in a crop. (Code 1923, §9234; Acts 1935, No. 159, p. 202; Code 1940, T. 39, §203.)
AL Code § 8-5-23 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-23 - Property Injury Claims Against Railroads Assignable.

Section 8-5-23Property injury claims against railroads assignable. Claims against railroad companies for injuries to property may be assigned in writing, and each successive assignee thereof may bring an action thereon in his own name. (Code 1876, §2119; Code 1886, §1763; Code 1896, §877; Code 1907, §5159; Code 1923, §9235; Code 1940, T. 39, §204.)
AL Code § 8-5-24 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-24 - Effect of Transfer of Bill, Note, etc., Given for Purchase Money of Lands.

Section 8-5-24Effect of transfer of bill, note, etc., given for purchase money of lands. The transfer of a bond, bill, or note given for the purchase money of lands, whether the transfer be by delivery merely or in writing, expressed to be with or without recourse on the transferor, passes to the transferee the lien of the vendor of the lands. (Code 1886, §1764; Code 1896, §878; Code 1907, §5160; Code 1923, §9236; Code 1940, T. 39, §205.)
AL Code § 8-5-25 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-25 - Contracts, Writings and Paper Circulated as Money Subject to Payments, Setoffs and Discounts Prior to Notice of Assignment.

Section 8-5-25Contracts, writings and paper circulated as money subject to payments, setoffs and discounts prior to notice of assignment. All contracts and writings, except such as are governed by the Uniform Commercial Code, and paper issued to circulate as money, are subject to all payments, setoffs, and discounts had or possessed against the same previous to notice of an assignment or transfer. (Code 1852, §1531; Code 1867, §1839; Code 1876, §2100; Code 1886, §1765; Code 1896, §879; Code 1907, §5161; Code 1923, §9237; Code 1940, T. 39, §206; Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811.)
AL Code § 8-5-26 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-26 - Action to Charge Endorser or Assignor on Contracts Assigned by Writing and Not Covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Time for Bringing Action Against Maker; Issuance of Execution When Judgment Obtained; Proof of Inability of Maker to Pay Judgment.

Section 8-5-26Action to charge endorser or assignor on contracts assigned by writing and not covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Time for bringing action against maker; issuance of execution when judgment obtained; proof of inability of maker to pay judgment. (a) On all contracts assigned by writing which are not governed by the Uniform Commercial Code, an action to charge the endorser or assignor must be brought against the maker within 30 days after an action can properly be brought. (b) If judgment is obtained, execution must be issued as authorized by law, and the inability of the maker to pay such judgment proved by the return of "no property." (Code 1852, §§1543, 1544; Code 1867, §§1851, 1852; Code 1876, §§2112, 2113; Code 1886, §1778; Code 1896, §892; Code 1907, §5153; Code 1923, §9226; Code 1940, T. 39, §195; Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811.)
AL Code § 8-5-27 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-27 - Action to Charge Endorser or Assignor on Contracts Assigned by Writing and Not Covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Extension or Waiver of Time for Bringing Action by Endorser or Assignor.

Section 8-5-27Action to charge endorser or assignor on contracts assigned by writing and not covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Extension or waiver of time for bringing action by endorser or assignor. The time for bringing the action, as required by Section 8-5-26, may be extended or waived by the consent of the endorser or assignor in writing signed by him. (Code 1852, §1545; Code 1867, §1853; Code 1876, §2114; Code 1886, §1779; Code 1896, §893; Code 1907, §5154; Code 1923, §9227; Code 1940, T. 39, §196.)
AL Code § 8-5-28 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-28 - Action to Charge Endorser or Assignor on Contracts Assigned by Writing and Not Covered by Uniform Commercial Code - When Holder of Contract Excused From Bringing Action, Obtaining Judgment, Etc.

Section 8-5-28Action to charge endorser or assignor on contracts assigned by writing and not covered by Uniform Commercial Code - When holder of contract excused from bringing action, obtaining judgment, etc. The holder of an endorsed or assigned contract which is not governed by the Uniform Commercial Code is excused from bringing an action, obtaining the judgment, and issuing the execution thereon when: (1) The maker has no known place of residence in the state; (2) By the use of ordinary diligence such residence cannot be ascertained; (3) The action has been commenced in the county of the residence of the maker and a summons to the first and next succeeding court returned not found by the proper officer; (4) A judgment against the maker has been defeated, in whole or in part, by a defense to the merits of such contract or writing or a setoff against any other than the endorsee or assignee; (5) Any defense, except a setoff to the merits of such contract or writing, exists which would prevent a judgment for all or any portion of the sum due or the value of the thing payable by such contract or writing; (6) The maker dies before the time expires for bringing an action or, if after an action brought, his estate is declared insolvent; or (7) By any act or promise of the endorser, the plaintiff is induced to delay bringing such an action. (Code 1852, §1546; Code 1867, §1854; Code 1876, §2115; Code 1886, §1780; Code 1896, §894; Code 1907, §5155; Code 1923, §9228; Code 1940, T. 39, §197.)
AL Code § 8-5-29 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-29 - Action to Charge Endorser or Assignor on Contracts Assigned by Writing and Not Covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Applicability of Sections 8-5-26 Through 8-5-28.

Section 8-5-29Action to charge endorser or assignor on contracts assigned by writing and not covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Applicability of Sections 8-5-26 through 8-5-28. All assignments or endorsements in writing of contracts which are not governed by the Uniform Commercial Code, whether regular or irregular, must be construed as within the meaning of Sections 8-5-26 through 8-5-28, unless the contrary clearly appears from such assignment or endorsement. (Code 1852, §1547; Code 1867, §1855; Code 1876, §2116; Code 1886, §1781; Code 1896, §895; Code 1907, §5156; Code 1923, §9229; Code 1940, T. 39, §198; Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811.)
AL Code § 8-5-30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 5 - Nonnegotiable Instruments.|Article 2 - Assignments and Endorsements.|Section 8-5-30 - Action to Charge Endorser or Assignor on Contracts Assigned by Writing and Not Covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Costs Recoverable Against Assignor or Endorser.

Section 8-5-30Action to charge endorser or assignor on contracts assigned by writing and not covered by Uniform Commercial Code - Costs recoverable against assignor or endorser. The costs in an action against the maker in an assigned or endorsed contract which is not governed by the Uniform Commercial Code are recoverable in the action against the assignor or endorser. (Code 1852, §1548; Code 1867, §1856; Code 1876, §2117; Code 1886, §1782; Code 1896, §896; Code 1907, §5157; Code 1923, §9230; Code 1940, T. 39, §199.)
AL Code § 8-6-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 6 - Securities.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-6-1 - Short Title.

Section 8-6-1Short title. This article may be cited as the "Alabama Securities Act." (Acts 1959, No. 542, p. 1318, §22; Acts 1990, No. 90-527, p. 772, §1.)
AL Code § 8-6-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 6 - Securities.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-6-4 - Registration of Securities - Required; Exceptions.

Section 8-6-4Registration of securities - Required; exceptions. It is unlawful for any person to offer or sell any security in this state unless: (1) It is registered under this article; (2) The security is exempt from registration under Section 8-6-10; or (3) The transaction is exempt under Section 8-6-11. (Acts 1959, No. 542, p. 1318, §3; Acts 1990, No. 90-527, p. 772, §1.)
AL Code § 8-6-14 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 6 - Securities.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-6-14 - Filing or Registration Not Finding of Truth, Completeness, etc., of Documents; Representations Concerning Effect of Registration or Exemption.

Section 8-6-14Filing or registration not finding of truth, completeness, etc., of documents; representations concerning effect of registration or exemption. (a) Neither the fact that an application for registration under Section 8-6-3 or a registration statement under Sections 8-6-5, 8-6-6 or 8-6-7 has been filed, nor the fact that a person or security is effectively registered constitutes a finding by the Securities Commission that any document filed under this article is true, complete, and not misleading. (b) Neither any such fact nor the fact that an exemption or exception is available for a security or a transaction means that the Securities Commission has passed in any way upon the merits or qualifications of or recommended or given approval to any person, security, or transaction. (c) It is unlawful to make, or cause to be made, to any prospective purchaser, customer, or client any representation inconsistent with this section. (Acts 1959, No. 542, p. 1318, §14; Acts 1990, No. 90-527, p. 772, §1.)
AL Code § 8-6-15 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 6 - Securities.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-6-15 - Investigations and Subpoenas by Commission.

Section 8-6-15Investigations and subpoenas by commission. (a) The Securities Commission, in its discretion, may: (1) Make such public or private investigations within or outside of this state as he deems necessary to determine whether any registration in the sale of securities should be granted, denied, or revoked, whether any person has violated or is about to violate any provision of this article or any rule or order hereunder, to aid in the enforcement of this article or in the prescribing of rules and forms hereunder; (2) Require or permit any person to file a statement in writing, under oath, or otherwise as the commission may determine, as to all the facts and circumstances concerning the matter to be investigated; and (3) Publish information concerning any violation of this article or any rule or order hereunder. (b) For the purpose of any investigation or proceeding under this article, the Securities Commission or any officer designated by it may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any books, papers, correspondence, memoranda, agreements, or other documents or records which the commission deems relevant or material to the inquiry. (c) In case of contumacy by or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to any person, any court of competent jurisdiction may issue, upon application by the Securities Commission, to that person an order requiring him to appear before the commission or the officer designated by it, there to produce documentary evidence if so ordered or to give evidence touching the matter under investigation or in question. Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt of court. (d) No person is excused from attending and testifying or from producing any document or record before the Securities Commission or in obedience to the subpoena of the commission or any officer designated by it, in any proceeding instituted by the commission, on the ground that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required of him may tend to incriminate him or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture; but no individual may be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for, or on account of, any transaction, matter, or thing concerning which he is compelled, after claiming his privilege against self-incrimination, to testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, except that the individual so testifying shall not be exempt from prosecution and punishment for perjury committed in so testifying. (Acts 1959, No. 542, p. 1318, §15; Acts 1969, No. 605, p. 1093, §6; Acts 1990, No. 90-527, p. 772, §1.)
AL Code § 8-6-16 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 6 - Securities.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-6-16 - Administrative Cease and Desist Authority to Commission; Injunctive Relief; Appointment of Receivers or Conservators for Defendants or Defendants' Assets; Court Ordered Rescission, Restitution, or Disgorgement for Violations.

Section 8-6-16Administrative cease and desist authority to commission; injunctive relief; appointment of receivers or conservators for defendants or defendants' assets; court ordered rescission, restitution, or disgorgement for violations. Whenever it appears to the Securities Commission that any person has engaged in or is about to engage in any act or practice constituting a violation of any provision of this article or any rule or order hereunder, it may, in its discretion, do either or both of the following: (a) Issue a cease and desist order, with or without a prior hearing, against the person or persons engaged in the prohibited activities, directing them to cease and desist from engaging in the act or practice. (b) Bring an action in its discretion in any court of competent jurisdiction to enjoin the act or practice and to enforce compliance with this article or any rule or order issued hereunder. Upon a proper showing, a permanent injunction, temporary restraining order, or writ of mandamus shall be granted and a receiver or conservator may be appointed for the defendant or the defendant's assets. In addition, upon a proper showing by the commission, the court may enter an order of rescission, restitution, or disgorgement directed at any person who has engaged in an act constituting a violation of this article or any rule or order adopted or issued pursuant to this article. The Securities Commission shall not be required to post a bond. (Acts 1959, No. 542, p. 1318, §16; Acts 1990, No. 90-527, p. 772, §1; Acts 1992, No. 92-524, p. 1059, §1.)