reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 31-25-301 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 3 - Parks - Towns|§ 31-25-301. Town May Establish Parks - Recreation Facilities - Conservation Easements

  Each town shall have authority to acquire, establish, and maintain, in the manner provided in section 31-25-302, public parks, pleasure grounds, boulevards, parkways, avenues, roads, and land or interests in land which may be necessary, suitable, or proper for the preservation or conservation of sites, scenes, open space, and vistas of recreational, scientific, historic, aesthetic, or other public interest.    “Interest in land”, as used in this part 3, means all rights and interests in land less than the full fee interest, including but not limited to future interests, easements, covenants, and contractual rights. Every such interest in land held pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, when recorded, shall run with the land to which it pertains for the benefit of the town holding such interest and may be protected and enforced by such town in any court of general jurisdiction by any proceeding at law or in equity.    Any town may unite with any other similarly authorized political subdivision of this state in acquiring, establishing, and maintaining any property which a town is authorized to acquire, establish, or maintain pursuant to this section.     History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1179, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former §§ 31-25-301 and 31-25-304 as they existed prior to 1975.   ANNOTATION   There are two separate and distinct procedures by which acquisition of land may be initiated: (1) Land may be acquired if the trustees on their own adopt an ordinance to authorize the acquisition; or (2) if a proposal to acquire such lands is submitted upon petition and approved by the registered electors of such town, then the trustees must draft an ordinance, and submit the matter to the electors. Bristow v. Town of Castle Rock, 44 Colo. App. 82, 612 P.2d 1144 (1980).
CO Code § 31-25-303 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 3 - Parks - Towns|§ 31-25-303. Town May Improve Parks

 Any town establishing parks, boulevards, parkways, avenues, or roads under the provisions of this part 3 by its duly constituted authorities shall have full power to cultivate, plant, and otherwise improve the same and shall establish and maintain necessary rules and regulations for the proper supervision and government.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1180, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 31-25-303 as it existed prior to 1975.
CO Code § 31-25-304 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 3 - Parks - Towns|§ 31-25-304. Conservation Trust Fund Authorized

 Each town in this state, including home rule towns, may create a conservation trust fund as provided in section 29-21-101 , C.R.S.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1180, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 139-87-5, as it existed prior to 1975. (See L. 74, p. 434 , § 4.) This section was to be renumbered on revision as § 31-25-305 , but was never printed as such in C.R.S. 1973.  This section is similar to former § 139-87-5, as it existed prior to 1975. (See L. 74, p. 434 , § 4.) This section was to be renumbered on revision as § 31-25-305 , but was never printed as such in C.R.S. 1973.
CO Code § 31-25-401 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 4 - Public Mall Act of 1970|§ 31-25-401. Short Title

 This part 4 shall be known and may be cited as the “Public Mall Act of 1970”.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1181, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 31-25-401 as it existed prior to 1975.
CO Code § 31-25-408 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 4 - Public Mall Act of 1970|§ 31-25-408. Improvement of the Pedestrian Mall

  The municipality and its governing body may provide for the construction of and payment for improvements on the pedestrian mall through an improvement district under part 6 of this article, or by creation of an improvement district which can levy special assessments under other authority, or by other lawful means. The cost of the improvements shall be the cost of construction and may include the damages or compensation paid to obtain the mall area. The municipality may also pay all or any part of the cost of improving a pedestrian mall from its general funds or from any other source of moneys available to it.    A pedestrian mall established or to be established pursuant to this part 4 may be so improved either concurrently with the proceedings taken under this part 4 for the establishment of a pedestrian mall or at any time subsequent thereto, but no contract for the work or any improvement shall be awarded until the claims for damages or compensation for establishing the mall have been fully paid or properly secured as provided in this part 4.    The governing body may combine any part of the proceedings taken pursuant to this part 4 with any part of the proceedings taken under any law allowing for the assessment of and payment of the damages and for the construction of and payment for improvements to the end that duplication of ordinances, resolutions, notices, hearings, and other acts or proceedings may be avoided.     History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1188, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 31-25-408 as it existed prior to 1975.
CO Code § 31-25-409 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 4 - Public Mall Act of 1970|§ 31-25-409. Special Ad Valorem Assessments

  As used in this section, “district” means the district within which lie the lands deemed by the governing body to be specially benefited by the establishment of the pedestrian mall even though assessments may not be levied to pay for improvements.    Following the establishment of a pedestrian mall pursuant to this part 4 and annually on or before December 1 of each year, the governing body or other body or agency having jurisdiction or responsibility for the improvements may prepare and approve an estimate of the expenditures required during the ensuing fiscal year for the maintenance, operation, and repair of the pedestrian mall and shall deduct from such estimate the amount of revenues, if any, which the governing body estimates will accrue to the municipality during such year from the operation of the pedestrian mall.    The said governing body or agency may then through the levying authority levy and collect in any year upon and against all of the taxable land and improvements within the district a special ad valorem assessment sufficient to raise a sum of money to provide the net amount as so determined, but in no event shall the rate of assessment in any one year exceed one-half mill against the valuation for assessment of each property in the district as shown on the assessment roll used by the county for the municipal taxation. The levy shall be made with notice and hearing to all owners affected thereby. The limitation as set forth in this subsection (3) shall not be construed to limit in any manner the financing of improvements which may be erected in the mall area.    The special ad valorem assessment shall be levied, collected, and enforced at the same times, in the same manner, by the same officers, and with the same interest and penalties as in the case of general taxes levied by the municipality.    The proceeds of the assessment shall be placed in a separate fund by the said governing body or agency and shall be expended only for the maintenance, operation, repair, or improvement of the pedestrian mall.     History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1189, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 31-25-409 as it existed prior to 1975.
CO Code § 31-25-500.2 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-500.2. Legislative Declaration - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Production Projects

  The general assembly finds, determines, and declares that:   The production and efficient use of energy will continue to play a central role in the future of this state and the nation as a whole; and    The development, production, and efficient use of renewable energy will advance the security, economic well-being, and public and environmental health of this state, as well as contributing to the energy independence of our nation.       The general assembly further finds, determines, and declares that the inclusion of energy efficiency and renewable energy production projects for residential and commercial use in special improvement districts, and powers conferred under this part 5, as well as the expenditures of public moneys made pursuant to this part 5, will serve a valid public purpose and that the enactment of this part 5 is expressly declared to be in the public interest.     History. Source: L. 2008: Entire section added, p. 1300, § 21, effective May 27.
CO Code § 31-25-504 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-504. Municipality May Establish Sewer Systems

 Any municipality may establish and maintain sewer systems and sewage disposal plants for sanitary or storm drainage.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1192, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 31-25-525 as it existed prior to 1975.   ANNOTATION   The city council in establishing the sewer district was exercising a legislative power for police purposes, such power being conferred upon it by § 7 of art. X, Colo. Const., and by this section. Denver v. Capelli, 4 Colo. 25 (1877); City of Pueblo v. Robinson, 12 Colo. 593 , 21 P. 899 (1889); City of Denver v. Knowles, 17 Colo. 204 , 30 P. 1041 (1892); Lewis v. Denver City Waterworks Co., 19 Colo. 236 , 34 P. 993 (1893); Tebbetts v. People, 31 Colo. 461 , 73 P. 869 (1903); Wolff v. City of Denver, 20 Colo. App. 135, 77 P. 364 (1904).
CO Code § 31-25-505 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-505. District Sanitary Sewers - Contracts - Contiguous Towns

 When the governing body declares the same necessary for sanitary reasons, it may order the construction of district sanitary sewers in districts to be prescribed by ordinance so as to connect with any public or district sewer or with some natural drainage or disposal plant. Such districts, by like authority, may be divided into subdistricts or enlarged, diminished, or otherwise altered by ordinance at any time in accordance with the provisions of this part 5. The contract for district sewers may include all necessary manholes, inlets, and appurtenances and such mains of such reasonable extent outside the district as may be necessary to connect the district with a public sewer or some natural drainage or disposal plant. Contiguous municipalities may unite in the construction of a common sewer or cooperate in such construction or extend to each other the right to use any sewer constructed or to be constructed when such use may be deemed necessary for the discharge of the sewage of either, and such cooperation, common construction, or use shall be upon such terms as regards the apportionment of cost as may be agreed upon between the governing bodies of such contiguous municipalities.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1192, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 31-25-526 as it existed prior to 1975.   ANNOTATION   This section has intrusted to the judgment and discretion of city councils the determination of the boundaries of sewer districts, and the courts cannot review the judgment and discretion of the council in fixing such boundaries. Wolff v. City of Denver, 20 Colo. App. 135, 77 P. 364 (1904); Hildreth v. City of Longmont, 47 Colo. 79 , 105 P. 107 (1909).
CO Code § 31-25-506 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-506. Private Sewers - Connection

 Private sanitary sewers connecting with public or district sanitary sewers may be constructed under such restrictions and subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by ordinance. No expense shall be incurred by the municipality in constructing or maintaining private sewers. The owner of any premises in any sewer district may be compelled by ordinance to connect the same with the district sewer at his own expense.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1193, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 31-25-527 as it existed prior to 1975.
CO Code § 31-25-507 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-507. Determination of Special Benefits - Factors Considered

  The term “benefit”, for the purposes of assessing a particular property within a district, includes, but is not limited to, the following:   Any increase in the market value of the property;    The provision for accepting the burden from specific dominant property for discharging surface water onto servient property in a manner or quantity greater than would naturally flow because the dominant owner made some of his property impermeable;    Any adaptability of property to a superior or more profitable use;    Any alleviation of health and sanitation hazards accruing to particular property or accruing to public property in the improvement district, if the provision of health and sanitation is paid for wholly or partially out of funds derived from taxation of property owners of the improvement district;    Any reduction in the maintenance costs of particular property or of public property in the improvement district, if the maintenance of the public property is paid for wholly or partially out of funds derived from taxation of property owners of the improvement district;    Any increase in convenience or reduction in inconvenience accruing to particular property owners, including the facilitation of access to and travel over streets;    Recreational improvements accruing to particular property owners as a direct result of drainage improvement.       As used in connection with any district formed for the purpose of encouraging, accommodating, and financing improvements as authorized in section 31-25-502 (2), the term “benefit” shall include, but not be limited to, any acknowledged value set forth in the contracts and agreements entered into by the owner of the assessed property.     History. Source: L. 75: Entire section added, p. 997, § 3, effective July 1. L. 86: IP(1) amended, p. 1046, § 4, effective July 1. L. 2008: (2) added, p. 1302, § 25, effective May 27.    Editor's note:   This section was originally numbered as § 31-25-506.5 in Senate Bill 75-052 but was renumbered on revision in 1977 for ease of location.
CO Code § 31-25-508 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-508. Storm Drainage Sewers - Districts

 The governing body may order the construction of district sewers for storm drainage in districts to be known as storm sewer districts, the same to be prescribed by ordinance. Such sewers may include the necessary manholes, inlets, and appurtenances and shall be so constructed as to connect with some other sufficient public sewer or some natural drainage. Such districts may be divided into subdistricts to be especially named or numbered in said ordinance.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1193, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:    This section is similar to former § 31-25-528 as it existed prior to 1975.    This section was originally numbered as § 31-25-507 in House Bill 75-1089 but was renumbered on revision in 1977 for ease of location.     ANNOTATION   City is not bound to protect property below street level. It is a general doctrine in which the authorities almost universally concur, that a city is not bound to protect from surface waters those who may be so unfortunate as to own property which is below the general level of the street. City & County of Denver v. Stanley Aviation Corp., 143 Colo. 182 , 352 P.2d 291 (1960).   The owner of a dominant estate has a legal as well as a natural easement for servitude on the lands downstream for drainage of surface water flowing in its natural course. Ambrosio v. Perl-Mack Constr. Co., 143 Colo. 49 , 351 P.2d 803 (1960).   Thus, the city of Denver has a legal as well as a natural easement for servitude on the lands downstream for drainage of surface water flowing in its natural channel, and if not negligent in the installation of a drainage pipe and in failing to foresee probability of unusual flood occurring 20 years thereafter, no liability attended. City & County of Denver v. Stanley Aviation Corp., 143 Colo. 182 , 352 P.2d 291 (1960).
CO Code § 31-25-509 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-509. Subdistricts in Sewer Districts

 At the time of ordering the construction of district sanitary or storm sewers or at any time thereafter, the construction may be ordered in like manner in subdistricts, in such manner as to connect the subdistricts, or such part thereof, with the district sanitary or storm sewer for the purpose of sanitary or storm drainage. The cost of subdistrict sanitary or storm sewers in each subdistrict or part thereof, with the appurtenances, may be assessed upon all the land in the subdistrict or in the part improved in proportion as the area of each piece of land in the subdistrict or in the part improved is to the area of all the land in the subdistrict or in the part improved exclusive of public highways. Combined sewers for sanitary and storm drainage may be authorized and constructed in the same manner as provided for the construction of sanitary or storm sewers and the cost thereof assessed in the same manner and proportion.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1193, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:    This section is similar to former § 31-25-529 as it existed prior to 1975.    This section was originally numbered as § 31-25-508 in House Bill 75-1089 but was renumbered on revision in 1977 for ease of location.
CO Code § 31-25-510 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-510. Improvements May Be Constructed Under Other Laws

 Nothing in this part 5 shall prejudice or affect the right to construct local improvements by virtue of any other law of this state. No other act or law shall prejudice the right to construct local improvements under this part 5. If constructed in pursuance of this part 5, the same shall be made to appear in the original petition and in the ordinance authorizing the improvements.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1193, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:    This section is similar to former § 31-25-504 as it existed prior to 1975.    This section was originally numbered as § 31-25-509 in House Bill 75-1089 but was renumbered on revision in 1977 for ease of location.     ANNOTATION   For city not being liable for faulty drainage system, see Malvernia Inv. Co. v. City of Trinidad, 123 Colo. 394 , 229 P.2d 945 (1951).
CO Code § 31-25-511 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-511. Property of Irregular Form - Assessment

 When any lot or parcel of land is V-shaped or of any irregular form, such allowance may be made by ordinance in any assessment as may be equitable and just, or any allowance may be refused, and, in case of any unusual area or proportion of intersections, the municipality may pay not exceeding one-half of the cost of any such intersection, and in such case the remainder only shall be assessed against the property improved.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1193, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:    This section is similar to former § 31-25-505 as it existed prior to 1975.    This section was originally numbered as § 31-25-510 in House Bill 75-1089 but was renumbered on revision in 1977 for ease of location.
CO Code § 31-25-512 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 31 - Government - Municipal|Article 25 - Public Improvements|Part 5 - Special Improvement Districts in Municipalities|§ 31-25-512. Cost Assessed in Proportion to Area

 The costs of any district sanitary sewer, including inlets, manholes, connecting mains, and appurtenances, with interest, and of district storm sewers may be assessed by ordinance upon all the real estate in the district, in proportion as the area of each piece of real estate in the district bears to the area of all the real estate in the district, exclusive of public highways.   History. Source: L. 75: Entire title R&RE, p. 1193, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:    This section is similar to former §§ 31-25-506 and 31-25-512 as they existed prior to 1975.    This section was originally numbered as § 31-25-511 in House Bill 75-1089 but was renumbered on revision in 1977 for ease of location.     ANNOTATION   This section is not unconstitutional because a general method has been prescribed by which to apportion upon the property of a district the expense of constructing a sanitary sewer. Parties whose property is thus assessed may still question the benefits accruing as the result of its construction. Hildreth v. City of Longmont, 47 Colo. 79 , 105 P. 107 (1909).   For if an injustice results, relief may be granted. Building lots abutting a sanitary sewer system are prima facie presumed to be benefited as the result of its construction. The rule of apportionment according to area is, therefore, prima facie valid, but where any general method employed, though, prima facie, legal, would work an injustice, relief in proper circumstances may be granted. City of Denver v. Dumars, 33 Colo. 94 , 80 P. 114 (1905); Hildreth v. City of Longmont, 47 Colo. 79 , 105 P. 107 (1909).