reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 12-16-215 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-215 - Grand Juror, Witness, etc., Prohibited From Revealing, Disclosing, etc., a Juror's Questions, Considerations, etc.; No Person to Directly, Indirectly, etc., by Any Means Obtain Information as to Juror's Questions, Considerations, Etc.

Section 12-16-215Grand juror, witness, etc., prohibited from revealing, disclosing, etc., a juror's questions, considerations, etc.; no person to directly, indirectly, etc., by any means obtain information as to juror's questions, considerations, etc. No past or present grand juror, past or present grand jury witness or grand jury reporter or stenographer shall willfully at any time directly or indirectly, conditionally or unconditionally, by any means whatever, reveal, disclose or divulge or attempt or endeavor to reveal, disclose or divulge or cause to be revealed, disclosed or divulged, any knowledge or information pertaining to any grand juror's questions, considerations, debates, deliberations, opinions or votes on any case, evidence, or other matter taken within or occurring before any grand jury of this state. Nor shall any person at any time, directly or indirectly, conditionally or unconditionally by any means whatever, corruptly or with intent to influence a grand juror or other person authorized by law to attend a grand jury, or by threat of harm to person or property, or by force applied to person or property, or by threatening letter or communication, or by offer of reward, remuneration, gift, benefit or thing of value of whatever nature or kind, obtain or endeavor to obtain, any information pertaining to, or any knowledge of any grand juror's questions, considerations, debates, deliberations, opinions or votes on any case, evidence or other matter taken or transpiring within or before any grand jury of this state. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §2.)
AL Code § 12-16-216 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-216 - Grand Juror, Witness, etc., Prohibited From Revealing, Disclosing, etc., Form, Nature, etc., of Physical Evidence or Questions Asked; No Person to Directly, Indirectly, etc., by Any Means, Obtain Information as to Physical Evidence or Questions Asked; Exception as to State Prosecutions.

Section 12-16-216Grand juror, witness, etc., prohibited from revealing, disclosing, etc., form, nature, etc., of physical evidence or questions asked; no person to directly, indirectly, etc., by any means, obtain information as to physical evidence or questions asked; exception as to state prosecutions. No past or present grand juror, past or present grand jury witness or grand jury reporter or stenographer shall willfully at any time, directly or indirectly, conditionally or unconditionally, by any means whatever, reveal, disclose or divulge or endeavor to reveal, disclose or divulge or cause to be revealed, disclosed or divulged, any knowledge of the form, nature or content of any physical evidence presented to any grand jury of this state or any knowledge of the form, nature or content of any question propounded to any person within or before any grand jury or any comment made by any person in response thereto or any other evidence, testimony or conversation occurring or taken therein. Nor shall any person at any time directly or indirectly, conditionally or unconditionally, by any means whatever, corruptly or with intent to influence a grand juror or other person authorized by law to attend a grand jury, or by threats of harm to person or property, or by force applied to person or property or by threatening letter or communication, or by offer of reward, remuneration, gift, benefit or thing of value of whatever nature and kind, obtain or endeavor to obtain any knowledge of the form, nature or content of any physical evidence presented to any grand jury of this state, or any knowledge of the form, nature or content of any question propounded to any person within or before any grand jury, or any knowledge of the form, nature or content of any answer or comment made by any person in response thereto, or any other evidence, testimony, or conversation occurring or taken therein. Provided however, the State of Alabama shall not be precluded from using the testimony of a grand jury witness to impeach that witness's testimony in the trial of a criminal case, nor shall the State of Alabama be precluded from using grand jury testimony to prosecute a perjury warrant or indictment, nor shall the State of Alabama be precluded from using grand jury testimony in any manner otherwise permitted by law. Further, provided however, that grand jury evidence and testimony may be presented to grand juries of other circuits and jurisdictions upon the issuance of a proper grand jury subpoena. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §3.)
AL Code § 12-16-217 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-217 - No Person to Prevent Testimony or to Induce to Withhold or Give False Testimony.

Section 12-16-217No person to prevent testimony or to induce to withhold or give false testimony. No person shall willfully by any means whatever, directly or indirectly, conditionally or unconditionally, obstruct, impede or prevent or attempt or endeavor to obstruct, impede or prevent any person summoned, subpoenaed or called to testify before any grand jury of this state or who may be summoned, subpoenaed or called before any such grand jury from attending or appearing before the same. Nor shall any person, by any means whatever, directly or indirectly, conditionally or unconditionally induce or coerce or attempt or endeavor to induce or coerce any such person to give any false testimony or withhold any true testimony within or before such grand juries. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §4.)
AL Code § 12-16-218 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-218 - Damage to Participant's Property or Person Prohibited.

Section 12-16-218Damage to participant's property or person prohibited. No person shall injure or endeavor to injure the property or person of any grand juror, witness, prosecutor, judicial officer, or grand jury reporter as a result of their participation in, appearance, or testimony before any duly empaneled grand jury. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §5.)
AL Code § 12-16-219 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-219 - Oath of Secrecy; Effect of Refusal.

Section 12-16-219Oath of secrecy; effect of refusal. Any prosecutor, grand jury foreman, or circuit court may require all persons testifying in or before a grand jury to submit to an oath or affirmation of secrecy. The failure of any witness to be so sworn shall not relieve such witness of any criminal liability imposed by this division. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §6.)
AL Code § 12-16-220 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-220 - Evidence, Other Than Juror's Questions, Considerations, etc., Disclosed to District Attorney's Staff.

Section 12-16-220Evidence, other than juror's questions, considerations, etc., disclosed to district attorney's staff. Grand jury evidence other than the questions, considerations, debates, deliberations, opinions or votes of any grand juror may be disclosed by a district attorney or other prosecutor in the performance of his official duties to members of his staff for the purposes of bona fide criminal investigations and prosecutions. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §7.)
AL Code § 12-16-221 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-221 - Disclosures in Aid of Law Enforcement Investigations and in Public Interest.

Section 12-16-221Disclosures in aid of law enforcement investigations and in public interest. A district attorney or other prosecutor may, in his or her discretion, disclose evidence taken within or before the grand juries of such circuit to law enforcement officers for the purpose of bona fide investigations into violations of criminal law. A district attorney or a circuit judge, in the public interest, may disclose the date, time and place that a particular case will be or was presented to a grand jury, or that a particular matter or case was continued by a grand jury and to what date, if any, or that a no bill or an indictment was returned thereon, or that a particular defendant was otherwise exonerated or falsely accused. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §8.)
AL Code § 12-16-222 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-222 - Right to Counsel Unaffected; Counsel Prohibited Within Jury.

Section 12-16-222Right to counsel unaffected; counsel prohibited within jury. No provision of this division shall be construed to deny a witness or criminal defendant the right to confer with or be represented by counsel concerning his appearance within or testimony before a duly empaneled grand jury, provided however, nothing contained in this section shall be construed so as to permit or authorize such persons to be accompanied by counsel within a grand jury. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §9.)
AL Code § 12-16-223 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-223 - Critical Reports Prohibited Without Indictment, etc.; Judge to Expunge Record; Exception.

Section 12-16-223Critical reports prohibited without indictment, etc.; judge to expunge record; exception. Grand juries shall make no reports critical of any citizen of this state without returning an indictment or bill of impeachment against the same. It shall be the duty of the circuit judges of the respective judicial circuits of this state, on their own motion, to expunge from any such grand jury report any and all such critical portions unless there has been an indictment or bill of impeachment returned against the person or persons affected. Provided however, this section shall not be construed to prohibit a grand jury from examining and reporting upon the condition of any public facility, agency or account or the books and records thereof, where such examination and reporting is specifically authorized by statute. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §10.)
AL Code § 12-16-224 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-224 - Written Reports; Form.

Section 12-16-224Written reports; form. The grand juries of this state may make written reports as provided by law, however, the judges of each judicial circuit may provide by court rule for the form and content of such grand jury reports to accomplish the purposes of this division. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §11.)
AL Code § 12-16-225 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-225 - Penalties.

Section 12-16-225Penalties. Any person violating the provisions of Sections 12-16-215 through 12-16-218 of this division, shall be guilty of a felony and shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than three years, or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §12.)
AL Code § 12-16-226 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 16 - Juries.|Article 8 - Empaneling, Proceedings, etc., of Grand Juries.|Division 2 - Secret Grand Jury Proceedings.|Section 12-16-226 - Conflicting Laws Repealed; Penalties Cumulative; Consistent Laws Applicable; Judges' Powers.

Section 12-16-226Conflicting laws repealed; penalties cumulative; consistent laws applicable; judges' powers. All laws or parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this division are hereby repealed; provided, however, the criminal penalties imposed by this division shall be cumulative. This section shall not be construed to preclude the applicability of other provisions of the criminal laws of this state which presently apply or may in the future apply to any transaction or event which violates the provisions of this division unless such provision is inconsistent with the terms of this division. Nor shall the circuit courts of this state be precluded from utilizing any contempt powers or sanctions which may apply to acts or events which violate the provisions of this division. Further, the circuit judges of this state may issue whatever other reasonable orders as may be necessary to accomplish the purposes of this division. (Acts 1979, No. 79-457, p. 745, §13.)
AL Code § 12-17-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-21 - Judgeships to Be Numbered in Circuits With More Than One Judge; Candidates to Designate Judgeship for Which They Are Candidate.

Section 12-17-21Judgeships to be numbered in circuits with more than one judge; candidates to designate judgeship for which they are candidate. In judicial circuits with more than one circuit judge, each judgeship shall be numbered. Candidates for the office of circuit judge in such circuits in any election shall designate the numbered judgeship for which they are a candidate. (Acts 1977, No. 20, p. 28.)
AL Code § 12-17-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-22 - Residence.

Section 12-17-22Residence. Each circuit judge must have resided in the circuit for which he is elected or appointed for at least 12 months preceding his election or appointment and must reside in such circuit during his continuance in office. (Code 1852, §§626, 643; Code 1867, §§744, 761; Code 1876, §§665, 668; Code 1886, §757; Code 1896, §920; Code 1907, §3257; Code 1923, §6704; Code 1940, T. 13, §176.)
AL Code § 12-17-23 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-23 - Presiding Judges - How Selected.

Section 12-17-23Presiding judges - How selected. The presiding judge of a circuit shall be elected by a majority vote of circuit judges in the circuit. In the event of the failure of any judge to receive a majority vote, the Supreme Court shall provide by rule for selection of the presiding judge. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §2-105.)
AL Code § 12-17-24 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-24 - Presiding Judges - Supervision of Judges and Other Court Personnel.

Section 12-17-24Presiding judges - Supervision of judges and other court personnel. The presiding circuit judge shall exercise a general supervision of the judges, clerks, registers, court reporters, bailiffs, sheriffs and other court employees of the circuit and district courts within the circuit, except employees of the clerk, and see that they attend strictly to the prompt, diligent discharge of their duties. (Acts 1915, No. 712, p. 809; Code 1923, §6698; Code 1940, T. 13, §172; Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §2-103.)
AL Code § 12-17-24.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-24.1 - Family Court Divisions; Implementation Plan.

Section 12-17-24.1Family court divisions; implementation plan. (a) Except as provided in subsection (c), the presiding circuit judge of any judicial circuit may establish by means of a written order, a family court division or divisions of the judicial circuit. The presiding circuit judge shall assign one or more of the existing circuit or district judges to preside in the family court division. The circuit or district court judges assigned to the family court division shall handle all cases and proceedings involving domestic relations, divorces, annulments of marriage, legal separations, custody and support of children, granting and enforcement of alimony, proceedings under any uniform interstate support or custody act, and all other domestic and marital matters over which the circuit courts have jurisdiction, including non-support cases arising in the circuit court under Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, Title 30, as well as other matters within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. In the event a district judge is assigned, the district judge shall serve as an ex officio circuit judge when handling cases. The presiding circuit judge may assign other relevant cases to the family court division. (b) The presiding circuit judge of each judicial circuit choosing to establish a family court division shall coordinate with the Administrative Director of Courts in the development of a written implementation plan and shall submit the plan to the Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court for approval. The plan shall become effective no later than 90 days upon approval by the Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. (c) This section shall not apply to any circuit which already has a family court structure established by local law, including the Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Thirteenth, Fifteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-third, and Thirty-seventh Judicial Circuits, unless otherwise provided by local law. (Acts 1982, No. 82-546, p. 896, §6; Acts 1982, No. 82-676, p. 113, §6; Act 2000-749, p. 1697, §1.)
AL Code § 12-17-24.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-24.2 - Jurisdiction of Family Court Division.

Section 12-17-24.2Jurisdiction of Family Court Division. (a) The Family Court Division of the Circuit Court of the 37th Judicial Circuit shall handle all cases and proceedings involving divorces, annulments of marriages, custody and support of children, granting and enforcement of alimony, proceedings under any reciprocal non-support act, and all other domestic and marital matters over which the circuit courts have jurisdiction, including non-support cases arising in the circuit under Title 30, Chapters 3 and 4. (b) The division shall also have and exercise jurisdiction over juveniles for the purposes of subsection (a), and for the enforcement of Chapter 15 of this title. (c) All cases and proceedings involving domestic relations and marital matters which originate in the circuit court shall be assigned to the family court division. If the docket of the division is overcrowded, cases may be reassigned by the presiding judge of the circuit court to other circuit and district judges of the circuit. (d) When the family court division of the circuit court has been organized pursuant to Section 12-17-20 and this section and is ready to function, all cases or causes pending in the District Court of Lee County or the Circuit Court of the 37th Judicial Circuit having jurisdiction of juveniles and matters involving domestic relations shall be transferred to the family court division. However, those pending cases which have been heard and are awaiting a final disposition at the time of the commencement of the family court division, shall remain with the judge who conducted the hearings or trials. (Acts 1997, No. 97-407, p. 667, §(b)-(e).)
AL Code § 12-17-25 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-25 - Appointment of Relief Judges to Assist in Clearing Dockets.

Section 12-17-25Appointment of relief judges to assist in clearing dockets. Any judge shall, whenever he deems it necessary, call on the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to assign one or more judges to relieve the judges who need assistance in clearing dockets, civil and criminal. (Acts 1915, No. 712, p. 809; Acts 1919, No. 321, p. 275; Code 1923, §6699; Code 1940, T. 13, §173; Acts 1949, No. 411, p. 583; Acts 1953, No. 510, p. 645; Acts 1957, No. 680, p. 1029; Acts 1959, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92, p. 276.)
AL Code § 12-17-26 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-26 - Authority and Duties Generally.

Section 12-17-26Authority and duties generally. Circuit judges have the following authority and duties: (1) To grant stays of proceedings and writs of certiorari, quo warranto, mandamus and all other remedial and original writs which are grantable by judges at common law. (2) To grant writs of injunction and ne exeat, returnable into the circuit court. (3) To administer oaths and take acknowledgments and affidavits in all cases in which oaths and affidavits are required by law. (4) To exercise such other powers as are or may be granted them by law. (Code 1852, §629; Code 1867, §747; Code 1876, §658; Code 1886, §758; Code 1896, §921; Code 1907, §3259; Code 1923, §6709; Code 1940, T. 13, §182.)
AL Code § 12-17-27 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-27 - Authority of Judge Outside Own Circuit.

Section 12-17-27Authority of judge outside own circuit. Whenever a circuit judge has jurisdiction of any case, it shall not be necessary for him to be in the judicial circuit in which the case is pending to make interlocutory or final orders or judgments in said case, but any such order or judgment may be made by said judge in any part of the state. (Code 1923, §6710; Code 1940, T. 13, §183.)
AL Code § 12-17-28 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-28 - Writs of Certiorari to District and Municipal Courts.

Section 12-17-28Writs of certiorari to district and municipal courts. Judges of circuit courts may grant writs of certiorari directed to judges of district and municipal courts in all cases where appeals lie from such courts to the circuit court. (Acts 1915, No. 821, p. 941; Code 1923, §6711; Code 1940, T. 13, §184.)
AL Code § 12-17-29 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 17 - Circuit and District Court Personnel.|Article 2 - Circuit Court Judges.|Division 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-17-29 - Absence of Judge Adjourns Court.

Section 12-17-29Absence of judge adjourns court. When any circuit judge fails to attend, the court stands adjourned from day to day until the judge or another circuit or special judge appears to open and hold the court. (Code 1852, §633; Code 1867, §751; Code 1876, §660; Code 1886, §759; Code 1896, §922; Code 1907, §3260; Code 1923, §6712; Code 1940, T. 13, §185.)