reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 7-2A-406 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 2A - Leases.|Part 4 - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted and Excused.|Section 7-2A-406 - Procedure on Excused Performance.

Section 7-2A-406Procedure on excused performance. (1) If the lessee receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justified under Section 7-2A-405, the lessee may by written notification to the lessor as to any goods involved, and with respect to all of the goods if under an installment lease contract the value of the whole lease contract is substantially impaired (Section 7-2A-510): (a) terminate the lease contract (Section 7-2A-505(2)); or (b) except in a finance lease, modify the lease contract by accepting the available quota in substitution, with due allowance from the rent payable for the balance of the lease term for the deficiency but without further right against the lessor. (2) If, after receipt of a notification from the lessor under Section 7-2A-405, the lessee fails so to modify the lease agreement within a reasonable time not exceeding 30 days, the lease contract lapses with respect to any deliveries affected. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-700, p. 92, §406.)
AL Code § 7-2A-407 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 2A - Leases.|Part 4 - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted and Excused.|Section 7-2A-407 - Irrevocable Promises: Finance Leases.

Section 7-2A-407Irrevocable promises: Finance leases. (1) In the case of a finance lease that is not a consumer lease the lessee's promises under the lease contract become irrevocable and independent upon the lessee's acceptance of the goods. (2) A promise that has become irrevocable and independent under subsection (1): (a) is effective and enforceable between the parties, and by or against third parties including assignees of the parties; and (b) is not subject to cancellation, termination, modification, repudiation, excuse, or substitution without the consent of the party to whom the promise runs. (3) This section does not affect the validity under any other law of a covenant in any lease contract making the lessee's promises irrevocable and independent upon the lessee's acceptance of the goods. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-700, p. 92, §407.)
AL Code § 7-3-101 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-101 - Short Title.

Section 7-3-101Short title. This article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments. (Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1; added by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-102 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-102 - Subject Matter.

Section 7-3-102Subject matter. (a) This article applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to payment orders governed by Article 4A, or to securities governed by Article 8. (b) If there is conflict between this article and Article 4 or 9, Articles 4 and 9 govern. (c) Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and operating circulars of the Federal Reserve Banks supersede any inconsistent provision of this article to the extent of the inconsistency. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-104 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-104 - Negotiable Instrument.

Section 7-3-104Negotiable instrument. (a) Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), "negotiable instrument" means an unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money, with or without interest or other charges described in the promise or order, if it: (1) Is payable to bearer or to order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder; (2) Is payable on demand or at a definite time; and (3) Does not state any other undertaking or instruction by the person promising or ordering payment to do any act in addition to the payment of money, but the promise or order may contain (i) an undertaking or power to give, maintain, or protect collateral to secure payment, (ii) an authorization or power to the holder to confess judgment or realize on or dispose of collateral, or (iii) a waiver of the benefit of any law intended for the advantage or protection of an obligor. (b) "Instrument" means a negotiable instrument. (c) An order that meets all of the requirements of subsection (a), except subdivision (1), and otherwise falls within the definition of "check" in subsection (f) is a negotiable instrument and a check. (d) A promise or order other than a check is not an instrument if, at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder, it contains a conspicuous statement, however expressed, to the effect that the promise or order is not negotiable or is not an instrument governed by this article. (e) An instrument is a "note" if it is a promise and is a "draft" if it is an order. If an instrument falls within the definition of both "note" and "draft," a person entitled to enforce the instrument may treat it as either. (f) "Check" means (i) a draft, other than a documentary draft, payable on demand and drawn on a bank or (ii) a cashier's check or teller's check. An instrument may be a check even though it is described on its face by another term, such as "money order." (g) "Cashier's check" means a draft with respect to which the drawer and drawee are the same bank or branches of the same bank. (h) "Teller's check" means a draft drawn by a bank (i) on another bank, or (ii) payable at or through a bank. (i) "Traveler's check" means an instrument that (i) is payable on demand, (ii) is drawn on or payable at or through a bank, (iii) is designated by the term "traveler's check" or by a substantially similar term, and (iv) requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the instrument. (j) "Certificate of deposit" means an instrument containing an acknowledgment by a bank that a sum of money has been received by the bank and a promise by the bank to repay the sum of money. A certificate of deposit is a note of the bank. (Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1; added by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-105 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-105 - Issue of Instrument.

Section 7-3-105Issue of instrument. (a) "Issue" means the first delivery of an instrument by the maker or drawer, whether to a holder or nonholder, for the purpose of giving rights on the instrument to any person. (b) An unissued instrument, or an unissued incomplete instrument that is completed, is binding on the maker or drawer, but nonissuance is a defense. An instrument that is conditionally issued or is issued for a special purpose is binding on the maker or drawer, but failure of the condition or special purpose to be fulfilled is a defense. (c) "Issuer" applies to issued and unissued instruments and means a maker or drawer of an instrument. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-106 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-106 - Unconditional Promise or Order.

Section 7-3-106Unconditional promise or order. (a) Except as provided in this section, for the purposes of Section 7-3-104(a), a promise or order is unconditional unless it states (i) an express condition to payment, (ii) that the promise or order is subject to or governed by another writing, or (iii) that rights or obligations with respect to the promise or order are stated in another writing. A reference to another writing does not of itself make the promise or order conditional. (b) A promise or order is not made conditional (i) by a reference to another writing for a statement of rights with respect to collateral, prepayment, or acceleration, or (ii) because payment is limited to resort to a particular fund or source. (c) If a promise or order requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the promise or order, the condition does not make the promise or order conditional for the purposes of Section 7-3-104(a). If the person whose specimen signature appears on an instrument fails to countersign the instrument, the failure to countersign is a defense to the obligation of the issuer, but the failure does not prevent a transferee of the instrument from becoming a holder of the instrument. (d) If a promise or order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder contains a statement, required by applicable statutory or administrative law, to the effect that the rights of a holder or transferee are subject to claims or defenses that the issuer could assert against the original payee, the promise or order is not thereby made conditional for the purposes of Section 7-3-104(a); but if the promise or order is an instrument, there cannot be a holder in due course of the instrument. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-107 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-107 - Instrument Payable in Foreign Money.

Section 7-3-107Instrument payable in foreign money. Unless the instrument otherwise provides, an instrument that states the amount payable in foreign money may be paid in the foreign money or in an equivalent amount in dollars calculated by using the current bank-offered spot rate at the place of payment for the purchase of dollars on the day on which the instrument is paid. (Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1; added by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-108 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-108 - Payable on Demand or at Definite Time.

Section 7-3-108Payable on demand or at definite time. (a) A promise or order is "payable on demand" if it (i) states that it is payable on demand or at sight, or otherwise indicates that it is payable at the will of the holder, or (ii) does not state any time of payment. (b) A promise or order is "payable at a definite time" if it is payable on elapse of a definite period of time after sight or acceptance or at a fixed date or dates or at a time or times readily ascertainable at the time the promise or order is issued, subject to rights of (i) prepayment, (ii) acceleration, (iii) extension at the option of the holder, or (iv) extension to a further definite time at the option of the maker or acceptor or automatically upon or after a specified act or event. (c) If an instrument, payable at a fixed date, is also payable upon demand made before the fixed date, the instrument is payable on demand until the fixed date and, if demand for payment is not made before that date, becomes payable at a definite time on the fixed date. (Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1; added by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-109 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-109 - Payable to Bearer or to Order.

Section 7-3-109Payable to bearer or to order. (a) A promise or order is payable to bearer if it: (1) States that it is payable to bearer or to the order of bearer or otherwise indicates that the person in possession of the promise or order is entitled to payment; (2) Does not state a payee; or (3) States that it is payable to or to the order of cash or otherwise indicates that it is not payable to an identified person. (b) A promise or order that is not payable to bearer is payable to order if it is payable (i) to the order of an identified person or (ii) to an identified person or order. A promise or order that is payable to order is payable to the identified person. (c) An instrument payable to bearer may become payable to an identified person if it is specially indorsed pursuant to Section 7-3-205(a). An instrument payable to an identified person may become payable to bearer if it is indorsed in blank pursuant to Section 7-3-205(b). (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-111 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-111 - Place of Payment.

Section 7-3-111Place of payment. Except as otherwise provided for items in Article 4, an instrument is payable at the place of payment stated in the instrument. If no place of payment is stated, an instrument is payable at the address of the drawee or maker stated in the instrument. If no address is stated, the place of payment is the place of business of the drawee or maker. If a drawee or maker has more than one place of business, the place of payment is any place of business of the drawee or maker chosen by the person entitled to enforce the instrument. If the drawee or maker has no place of business, the place of payment is the residence of the drawee or maker. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-112 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-112 - Interest.

Section 7-3-112Interest. (a) Unless otherwise provided in the instrument, (i) an instrument is not payable with interest until dishonor, and (ii) interest on an interest-bearing instrument is payable from the date of the instrument. (b) Interest may be stated in an instrument as a fixed or variable amount of money or it may be expressed as a fixed or variable rate or rates. The amount or rate of interest may be stated or described in the instrument in any manner and may require reference to information not contained in the instrument. If an instrument provides for interest, but the amount of interest payable cannot be ascertained from the description, interest is payable at the judgment rate in effect at the place of payment of the instrument and at the time interest first accrues. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-113 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-113 - Date of Instrument.

Section 7-3-113Date of instrument. (a) An instrument may be antedated or postdated. The date stated determines the time of payment if the instrument is payable at a fixed period after date. Except as provided in Section 7-4-401(c), an instrument payable on demand is not payable before the date of the instrument. (b) If an instrument is undated, its date is the date of its issue or, in the case of an unissued instrument, the date it first comes into possession of a holder. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-114 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-114 - Contradictory Terms of Instrument.

Section 7-3-114Contradictory terms of instrument. If an instrument contains contradictory terms, typewritten terms prevail over printed terms, handwritten terms prevail over both, and words prevail over numbers. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-115 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-115 - Incomplete Instrument.

Section 7-3-115Incomplete instrument. (a) "Incomplete instrument" means a signed writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the contents of which show at the time of signing that it is incomplete but that the signer intended it to be completed by the addition of words or numbers. (b) Subject to subsection (c), if an incomplete instrument is an instrument under Section 7-3-104, it may be enforced according to its terms if it is not completed, or according to its terms as augmented by completion. If an incomplete instrument is not an instrument under Section 7-3-104, but, after completion, the requirements of Section 7-3-104 are met, the instrument may be enforced according to its terms as augmented by completion. (c) If words or numbers are added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer, there is an alteration of the incomplete instrument under Section 7-3-407. (d) The burden of establishing that words or numbers were added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer is on the person asserting the lack of authority. (Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1; added by Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-116 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-116 - Joint and Several Liability; Contribution.

Section 7-3-116Joint and several liability; contribution. (a) Except as otherwise provided in the instrument, two or more persons who have the same liability on an instrument as makers, drawers, acceptors, indorsers who indorse as joint payees, or anomalous indorsers are jointly and severally liable in the capacity in which they sign. (b) Except as provided in Section 7-3-419(e) or by agreement of the affected parties, a party having joint and several liability who pays the instrument is entitled to receive from any party having the same joint and several liability contribution in accordance with applicable law. (c) Discharge of one party having joint and several liability by a person entitled to enforce the instrument does not affect the right under subsection (b) of a party having the same joint and several liability to receive contribution from the party discharged. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-117 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-117 - Other Agreements Affecting Instrument.

Section 7-3-117Other agreements affecting instrument. Subject to applicable law regarding exclusion of proof of contemporaneous or previous agreements, the obligation of a party to an instrument to pay the instrument may be modified, supplemented, or nullified by a separate agreement of the obligor and a person entitled to enforce the instrument, if the instrument is issued or the obligation is incurred in reliance on the agreement or as part of the same transaction giving rise to the agreement. To the extent an obligation is modified, supplemented, or nullified by an agreement under this section, the agreement is a defense to the obligation. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-118 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-118 - Statute of Limitations.

Section 7-3-118Statute of limitations. (a) Note payable at a definite time. Except as provided in subsection (e), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay a note payable at a definite time must be commenced within six years after the due date or dates stated in the note or, if a due date is accelerated, within six years after the accelerated due date. (b) Note payable on demand. Except as provided in subsection (d) or (e), if demand for payment is made to the maker of a note payable on demand, an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay the note must be commenced within six years after the demand. If no demand for payment is made to the maker, an action to enforce the note is barred if neither principal nor interest on the note has been paid for a continuous period of 10 years. (c) Unaccepted draft. Except as provided in subsection (d), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to an unaccepted draft to pay the draft must be commenced within three years after dishonor of the draft or 10 years after the date of the draft, whichever period expires first. (d) Certified check, teller's check, cashier's check and traveler's check. An action to enforce the obligation of the acceptor of a certified check or the issuer of a teller's check, cashier's check, or traveler's check must be commenced within three years after demand for payment is made to the acceptor or issuer, as the case may be. (e) Certificate of deposit. An action to enforce the obligation of a party to a certificate of deposit to pay the instrument must be commenced within six years after demand for payment is made to the maker, but if the instrument states a due date and the maker is not required to pay before that date, the six-year period begins when a demand for payment is in effect and the due date has passed. (f) Accepted draft. An action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay an accepted draft, other than a certified check, must be commenced (i) within six years after the due date or dates stated in the draft or acceptance if the obligation of the acceptor is payable at a definite time, or (ii) within six years after the date of the acceptance if the obligation of the acceptor is payable on demand. (g) Conversion, breach of warranty and other Article 3 actions. Unless governed by other law regarding claims for indemnity or contribution, an action (i) for conversion of an instrument, for money had and received, or like action based on conversion, (ii) for breach of warranty, or (iii) to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this article and not governed by this section must be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-119 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 7-3-119 - Notice of Right to Defend Action.

Section 7-3-119Notice of right to defend action. In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to this article or Article 4, the defendant may give the third person written notice of the litigation, and the person notified may then give similar notice to any other person who is answerable over. If the notice states (i) that the person notified may come in and defend and (ii) that failure to do so will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving the notice as to any determination of fact common to the two litigations, the person notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the person notified does come in and defend. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)
AL Code § 7-3-201 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments.|Part 2 - Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement.|Section 7-3-201 - Negotiation.

Section 7-3-201Negotiation. (a) "Negotiation" means a transfer of possession, whether voluntary or involuntary, of an instrument by a person other than the issuer to a person who thereby becomes its holder. (b) Except for negotiation by a remitter, if an instrument is payable to an identified person, negotiation requires transfer of possession of the instrument and its indorsement by the holder. If an instrument is payable to bearer, it may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone. (Acts 1995, No. 95-668, p. 1381, §1.)