reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MT Code § 25-9-403 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 4. Periodic Payment of Damages -- Medical Malpractice Damage Limitations|25-9-403. Request for periodic payment of future damages -- nonmalpractice claims

  25-9-403. Request for periodic payment of future damages -- nonmalpractice claims. (1) Except as provided in 25-9-412, a party to an action for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death in which $100,000 or more of future damages is awarded may, prior to the entry of judgment, request the court to enter a judgment ordering future damages to be paid in whole or in part by periodic payments rather than by a lump-sum payment. Upon a request, the court may enter an order for periodic payment of future damages if the court finds that periodic payment is in the best interests of the claimant. The total dollar amount of the ordered periodic payments must equal the total dollar amount of the future damages without a reduction to present value.   (2) A court ordering the payment of future damages by periodic payments shall make specific findings as to the dollar amount of periodic payments needed to compensate the judgment creditor for future damages and as to whether an order for periodic payment of future damages is in the best interests of the claimant.   (3) The judgment order must specify the recipient or recipients of periodic payments, the dollar amount of the payments, the interval between payments, and the number of payments or the period of time over which payments must be made.   (4) A court ordering periodic payment of future damages shall order that the payments be made, during the life of the judgment creditor or during the continuance of the compensable injury or disability of the judgment creditor, through the purchase of an inflation-indexed annuity approved by the court. The annuity must be in the form of an inflation-indexed annuity contract purchased from a qualified insurer that, in the most recent edition of A.M. Best, has an "A" (excellent) or higher rating and is in a class 7 or higher classification. The annuity also serves as any required supersedeas bond. Upon purchase of a court-approved annuity, the court may order that the judgment is satisfied and that the judgment debtor is discharged. If the judgment creditor dies before all periodic payments have been made, the remaining payments become the property of the creditor's estate.   History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 634, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 461, L. 1995.
MT Code § 25-9-404 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 4. Periodic Payment of Damages -- Medical Malpractice Damage Limitations|25-9-404. Payment of attorney fees

  25-9-404. Payment of attorney fees. A judgment must order payment of attorney fees and litigation expenses separately from an order for periodic payments of future damages. The attorney fees and expenses must be paid either in a lump sum or by periodic payments pursuant to an agreement entered into between the claimant and the claimant's attorney. An agreement for the immediate lump-sum payment of that portion of the attorney fees incurred to recover future damages to be paid by periodic payments must be calculated on the basis of the present value of the future damages.   History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 634, L. 1987; amd. Sec. 421, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-405 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 4. Periodic Payment of Damages -- Medical Malpractice Damage Limitations|25-9-405. Assignment of periodic installments

  25-9-405. Assignment of periodic installments. An assignment of or an agreement to assign any right to periodic installments for future damages contained in a judgment entered under this part is enforceable only as to amounts:   (1) to secure payment of alimony, maintenance, or child support; or   (2) for the costs of products, services, or accommodations provided or to be provided by the assignee for medical or other health care.   History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 634, L. 1987.
MT Code § 25-9-406 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 4. Periodic Payment of Damages -- Medical Malpractice Damage Limitations|25-9-406. Failure to pay -- penalty

  25-9-406. Failure to pay -- penalty. If the court finds that the insurer that sold the annuity to the judgment debtor has unjustifiably exhibited a continuing pattern of failing to make periodic payments, the court shall find the insurer in contempt of court and order the insurer to pay past-due payments and the judgment creditor's damages caused by the failure to make payments, including court costs and attorney fees.   History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 634, L. 1987.
MT Code § 25-9-407 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 4. Periodic Payment of Damages -- Medical Malpractice Damage Limitations|25-9-407. through 25-9-410 reserved

  25-9-407 through 25-9-410 reserved.
MT Code § 25-9-412 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 4. Periodic Payment of Damages -- Medical Malpractice Damage Limitations|25-9-412. Periodic payment of future damages in medical malpractice cases

  25-9-412. Periodic payment of future damages in medical malpractice cases. (1) A party to an action for a malpractice claim, as defined in 25-9-411, in which $50,000 or more of future damages is awarded may, prior to the entry of judgment, request the court to enter a judgment ordering future damages to be paid in whole or in part by periodic payments rather than by a lump-sum payment. Upon a request, the court shall enter an order for periodic payment of future damages. The total dollar amount of the ordered periodic payments must equal the total dollar amount of the future damages without a reduction to present value.   (2) A court ordering the payment of future damages by periodic payments shall make specific findings as to the dollar amount of periodic payments needed to compensate the judgment creditor for future damages.   (3) The judgment order must specify the recipient or recipients of periodic payments, the dollar amount of the payments, the interval between payments, and the number of payments or the period of time over which payments must be made.   (4) The court shall order that periodic payment of future damages be made, during the life of the judgment creditor or during the continuance of the compensable injury or disability of the judgment creditor, through the purchase of an inflation-indexed annuity approved by the court. The annuity must be in the form of an inflation-indexed annuity contract purchased from a qualified insurer that, in the most recent edition of A.M. Best, has an "A" (excellent) or higher rating and is in a class 7 or higher classification. The annuity also serves as any required supersedeas bond. Upon purchase of a court-approved annuity, the court shall order that the judgment is satisfied and that the judgment debtor is discharged. If the judgment creditor dies before all periodic payments have been made, the remaining payments become the property of the creditor's estate.   History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 461, L. 1995.
MT Code § 25-9-501 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-501. Short title

  25-9-501. Short title. This part may be cited as the "Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act".   History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 66, L. 1989.
MT Code § 25-9-502 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-502. Definition

  25-9-502. Definition. In this part, "foreign judgment" means a judgment, decree, or order of a court of the United States or of any other court which is entitled to full faith and credit in this state.   History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 66, L. 1989.
MT Code § 25-9-503 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-503. Filing and status of foreign judgments

  25-9-503. Filing and status of foreign judgments. A copy of any foreign judgment authenticated in accordance with an act of congress or the statutes of this state may be filed in the office of the clerk of any district court of this state. The clerk shall treat the foreign judgment in the same manner as a judgment of a district court of this state. A judgment so filed has the same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses, and proceedings for reopening, vacating, or staying as a judgment of a district court of this state and may be enforced or satisfied in like manner.   History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 66, L. 1989.
MT Code § 25-9-504 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-504. Notice of filing

  25-9-504. Notice of filing. (1) At the time of the filing of the foreign judgment, the judgment creditor or the judgment creditor's attorney shall file with the clerk of the court an affidavit setting forth the name and last-known post-office address of the judgment debtor and the judgment creditor. The affidavit must also include a statement that the foreign judgment is valid and enforceable and the extent to which it has been satisfied.   (2) Promptly upon filing the foreign judgment and affidavit, the judgment creditor or someone on the judgment creditor's behalf shall mail notice of the filing of the judgment and affidavit, attaching a copy of each to the notice, to the judgment debtor and to the judgment debtor's attorney of record, if any, each at the person's last-known address, by certified mail, return receipt requested. The notice must include the name and post-office address of the judgment creditor and the judgment creditor's attorney, if any, in this state. The judgment creditor shall file with the clerk of the court an affidavit setting forth the date upon which the notice was mailed.   (3) The proceeds of an execution may not be distributed to the judgment creditor earlier than 30 days after the date of mailing the notice of filing.   History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 66, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 422, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-505 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-505. Stay

  25-9-505. Stay. (1) If the judgment debtor shows a district court that an appeal from the foreign judgment is pending or will be taken or that a stay of execution has been granted, the court shall stay enforcement of the foreign judgment until the appeal is concluded, the time for appeal expires, or the stay of execution expires or is vacated, upon proof that the judgment debtor has furnished the security for the satisfaction of the judgment required by the state in which it was rendered.   (2) If the judgment debtor shows the district court any ground upon which enforcement of a judgment of any district court of this state would be stayed, the court shall stay enforcement of the foreign judgment for an appropriate period, upon requiring the same security for satisfaction of a judgment that is required in this state.   History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 66, L. 1989.
MT Code § 25-9-506 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-506. Fees

  25-9-506. Fees. (1) Except as provided for in subsection (2), a person filing a foreign judgment shall pay to the clerk of court a fee of $60.   (2) Fees for docketing, transcription, or other enforcement proceedings must be as provided for judgments of the district court.   (3) Fees collected by the clerk of district court must be forwarded to the department of revenue for deposit in the state general fund.   History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 66, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 71, Ch. 382, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 47, Ch. 257, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 29, Ch. 585, L. 2001; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 163, L. 2005.
MT Code § 25-9-507 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-507. Optional procedure

  25-9-507. Optional procedure. The right of a judgment creditor to bring an action to enforce the judgment creditor's judgment instead of proceeding under this part remains unimpaired.   History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 66, L. 1989; amd. Sec. 423, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-508 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 5. Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments|25-9-508. Uniformity of interpretation

  25-9-508. Uniformity of interpretation. This part must be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.   History: En. Sec. 8, Ch. 66, L. 1989.
MT Code § 25-9-601 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-601. Short title

  25-9-601. Short title. This part may be cited as the "Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act".   History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 1, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-602 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-602. Definitions

  25-9-602. Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply:   (1) "Foreign country" means a government other than:   (a) the United States;   (b) a state, district, commonwealth, territory, or insular possession of the United States; or   (c) any other government with regard to which the decision in this state as to whether to recognize a judgment of that government's courts is initially subject to determination under the full faith and credit clause of the United States constitution.   (2) "Foreign-country judgment" means any judgment of a foreign country.   History: En. Sec. 2, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 2, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-603 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-603. Applicability

  25-9-603. Applicability. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), this part applies to a foreign-country judgment to the extent that the judgment:   (a) grants or denies recovery of a sum of money; and   (b) under the law of the foreign country where rendered, is final, conclusive, and enforceable.   (2) This part does not apply to a foreign-country judgment, even if the judgment grants or denies recovery of a sum of money, to the extent that the judgment is:   (a) a judgment for taxes;   (b) a fine or other penalty; or   (c) a judgment for dissolution of marriage, support, or maintenance, or other judgment rendered in connection with domestic relations.   (3) A party seeking recognition of a foreign-country judgment has the burden of establishing that this part applies to the foreign-country judgment.   History: En. Sec. 3, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 72, Ch. 382, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 163, L. 2005; amd. Sec. 3, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-604 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-604. Repealed

  25-9-604. Repealed. Sec. 10, Ch. 176, L. 2009.   History: En. Sec. 4, Ch. 441, L. 1993.
MT Code § 25-9-605 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-605. Standards for recognition of foreign-country judgment

  25-9-605. Standards for recognition of foreign-country judgment. (1) Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3), a court of this state shall recognize a foreign-country judgment to which this part applies.   (2) A court of this state may not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:   (a) the judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due process of law;   (b) the foreign court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant; or   (c) the foreign court did not have jurisdiction over the subject matter.   (3) A court of this state need not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:   (a) the defendant in the proceeding in the foreign court did not receive notice of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the defendant to defend;   (b) the judgment was obtained by fraud that deprived the losing party of an adequate opportunity to present its case;   (c) the judgment or the cause of action or claim for relief on which the judgment is based is repugnant to the public policy of this state or of the United States;   (d) the judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment;   (e) the proceeding in the foreign court was contrary to an agreement between the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise than by proceedings in that court;   (f) in the case of jurisdiction based only on personal service, the foreign court was a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the action;   (g) the judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering court with respect to the judgment; or   (h) the specific proceeding in the foreign court leading to the judgment was not compatible with the requirements of due process of law.   (4) A party resisting recognition of a foreign-country judgment has the burden of establishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection (2) or (3) exists.   History: En. Sec. 5, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 4, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-606 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-606. Personal jurisdiction

  25-9-606. Personal jurisdiction. (1) A foreign-country judgment may not be refused recognition for lack of personal jurisdiction if:   (a) the defendant was served with process personally in the foreign country;   (b) the defendant voluntarily appeared in the proceeding, other than for the purpose of protecting property seized or threatened with seizure in the proceeding or of contesting the jurisdiction of the court over the defendant;   (c) the defendant, before the commencement of the proceeding, had agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of the foreign court with respect to the subject matter involved;   (d) the defendant was domiciled in the foreign country when the proceeding was instituted or was a corporation or other form of business organization that had its principal place of business in or was organized under the laws of the foreign country;   (e) the defendant had a business office in the foreign country and the proceeding in the foreign court involved a cause of action or claim for relief arising out of business done by the defendant through that office in the foreign country; or   (f) the defendant operated a motor vehicle or airplane in the foreign country and the proceedings involved a cause of action or claim for relief arising out of that operation.   (2) The list of bases for personal jurisdiction in subsection (1) is not exclusive. The courts of this state may recognize bases of personal jurisdiction other than those listed in subsection (1) as sufficient to support a foreign-country judgment.   History: En. Sec. 6, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 5, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-607 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-607. Stay of proceedings pending appeal of foreign-country judgment

  25-9-607. Stay of proceedings pending appeal of foreign-country judgment. If a party establishes that an appeal from a foreign-country judgment is pending or will be taken, the court may stay any proceedings with regard to the foreign-country judgment until the appeal is concluded, the time for appeal expires, or the appellant has had sufficient time to prosecute the appeal and has failed to do so.   History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 6, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-608 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-608. Saving clause

  25-9-608. Saving clause. This part does not prevent the recognition of a foreign-country judgment in situations not covered by this part.   History: En. Sec. 8, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 16, Ch. 19, L. 2011.
MT Code § 25-9-609 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-609. Uniformity of interpretation

  25-9-609. Uniformity of interpretation. This part must be construed to effectuate the general purpose to make uniform the law of those states that enact it.   History: En. Sec. 9, Ch. 441, L. 1993; amd. Sec. 73, Ch. 382, L. 1997; amd. Sec. 7, Ch. 163, L. 2005.
MT Code § 25-9-610 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-610. Procedure for recognition of foreign-country judgment

  25-9-610. Procedure for recognition of foreign-country judgment. (1) If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought as an original matter, the issue of recognition must be raised by filing an action seeking recognition of the foreign-country judgment.   (2) If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought in a pending action, the issue of recognition may be raised by counterclaim, cross-claim, or affirmative defense.   History: En. Sec. 7, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-611 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-611. Effect of recognition of foreign-country judgment

  25-9-611. Effect of recognition of foreign-country judgment. If the court in a proceeding under 25-9-610 finds that the foreign-country judgment is entitled to recognition under this part then, to the extent that the foreign-country judgment grants or denies recovery of a sum of money, the foreign-country judgment is:   (1) conclusive between the parties to the same extent as the judgment of a sister state entitled to full faith and credit in this state would be conclusive; and   (2) enforceable in the same manner and to the same extent as a judgment rendered in this state.   History: En. Sec. 8, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-612 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 6. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|25-9-612. Statute of limitations

  25-9-612. Statute of limitations. An action to recognize a foreign-country judgment must be commenced within the earlier of the time during which the foreign-country judgment is effective in the foreign country or 10 years from the date that the foreign-country judgment became effective in the foreign country.   History: En. Sec. 9, Ch. 176, L. 2009.
MT Code § 25-9-701 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 25. Civil Procedure|Chapter 9. Judgment|Part 7. Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|25-9-701. Short title

  25-9-701. Short title. This part may be cited as the "Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act".   History: En. Sec. 1, Ch. 152, L. 1993.