reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 4-7-602 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 7 - Documents of Title|Part 6 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 4-7-602. Attachment of Goods Covered by Negotiable Document of Title

 Unless a document of title was originally issued upon delivery of the goods by a person that did not have power to dispose of them, a lien does not attach by virtue of any judicial process to goods in the possession of a bailee for which a negotiable document of title is outstanding unless possession or control of the document is first surrendered to the bailee or the document's negotiation is enjoined. The bailee may not be compelled to deliver the goods pursuant to process until possession or control of the document is surrendered to the bailee or to the court. A purchaser of the document for value without notice of the process or injunction takes free of the lien imposed by judicial process.   History. Source: L. 2006: Entire article R&RE, p. 489, § 2, effective September 1. L. 2007: Entire section amended, p. 373, § 24, effective August 3.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 4-7-602 as it existed prior to 2006.   OFFICIAL COMMENT   Prior Uniform Statutory Provisions: Former Section 7-602.   Changes: Changes to accommodate electronic documents of title and for style.   Purposes:   1. The purpose of the section is to protect the bailee from conflicting claims of the document of title holder and the judgment creditors of the person who deposited the goods. The rights of the former prevail unless, in effect, the judgment creditors immobilize the negotiable document of title through the surrender of possession of a tangible document or control of an electronic document. However, if the document of title was issued upon deposit of the goods by a person who had no power to dispose of the goods so that the document is ineffective to pass title, judgment liens are valid to the extent of the debtor's interest in the goods.   2. The last sentence covers the possibility that the holder of a document who has been enjoined from negotiating it will violate the injunction by negotiating to an innocent purchaser for value. In such case the lien will be defeated.   Cross Reference:   Sections 7-106 and 7-501 through 7-503.   Definitional Cross References:   “Bailee”. Section 7-102.   “Delivery”. Section 1-201.   “Document of title”. Section 1-201.   “Goods”. Section 7-102.   “Notice”. Section 1-202.   “Person”. Section 1-201.   “Purchase”. Section 1-201.   “Value”. Section 1-204.
CO Code § 4-7-701 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 7 - Documents of Title|Part 7 - Transition Provisions|§ 4-7-701. Effective Date

 This article shall take effect on September 1, 2006.   History. Source: L. 2006: Entire article R&RE, p. 489, § 2, effective September 1.    Cross references:   For offenses relating to this title, see part 5 of article 5 of title 18.   Official Comments   Copyright by the American Law Institute and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Reproduced with the permission of the Permanent Editorial Board for the Uniform Commercial Code. All rights reserved. —   Editor's note:   The Official Comments to the Uniform Commercial Code are available only in the printed book form of Colorado Revised Statutes. As noted above, the Official Comments are subject to copyright by the American Law Institute and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. At this time, Colorado has a license to reprint the Official Comments in the printed book form.   Editor's note:    The “Uniform Commercial Code-Documents of Title”, as adopted by the Colorado General Assembly in 2006, reflects the draft version of the Code and the Comments thereto by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and American Law Institute dated February 2003.    This article was numbered as article 7 of chapter 155, C.R.S. 1963. The provisions of this article were repealed and reenacted in 2006, resulting in the addition, relocation, and elimination of sections as well as subject matter. For amendments to this article prior to 2006, consult the Colorado statutory research explanatory note and the table itemizing the replacement volumes and supplements to the original volume of C.R.S. 1973 beginning on page vii in the front of this volume. Former C.R.S. section numbers are shown in editor's notes following those sections that were relocated.     Law reviews:   For article, “Documents of Title”, see 11 Colo. Law. 1150 .
CO Code § 4-7-702 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 7 - Documents of Title|Part 7 - Transition Provisions|§ 4-7-702. Applicability

 This article applies to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises on or after September 1, 2006. This article does not apply to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises before September 1, 2006, even if the document of title or bailment would be subject to this article if the document of title had been issued or bailment had arisen on or after September 1, 2006. This article does not apply to a right of action that has accrued before September 1, 2006.   History. Source: L. 2006: Entire article R&RE, p. 489, § 2, effective September 1. L. 2007: Entire section amended, p. 373, § 25, effective August 3.    OFFICIAL COMMENT   This Act will apply prospectively only to documents of title issued or bailments that arise after the effective date of the Act.
CO Code § 4-7-703 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 7 - Documents of Title|Part 7 - Transition Provisions|§ 4-7-703. Saving Clause

 A document of title issued or a bailment that arises before September 1, 2006, and the rights, obligations, and interests flowing from that document or bailment are governed by any statute or other rule amended or repealed by this article as if amendment or repeal had not occurred and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced under that statute or other rule.   History. Source: L. 2006: Entire article R&RE, p. 489, § 2, effective September 1.    OFFICIAL COMMENT   This Act will apply prospectively only to documents of title issued or bailments that arise after the effective date of the Act. To the extent that issues arise based upon documents of title or rights or obligations that arise prior to the effective date of this Act, prior law will apply to resolve those issues.
CO Code § 4-8-101 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Part 1 - Short Title and General Matters|§ 4-8-101. Short Title

 This article may be cited as “Uniform Commercial Code - Investment Securities”.   History. Source: L. 96: Entire article R&RE, p. 202, § 2, effective July 1.    Cross references:   For offenses relating to this title, see part 5 of article 5 of title 18.   Official Comments   Copyright by the American Law Institute and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Reproduced with the permission of the Permanent Editorial Board for the Uniform Commercial Code. All rights reserved. —   Editor's note:   The Official Comments to the Uniform Commercial Code are available only in the printed book form of Colorado Revised Statutes. As noted above, the Official Comments are subject to copyright by the American Law Institute and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. At this time, Colorado has a license to reprint the Official Comments in the printed book form.   Editor's note:    The numbering and sequencing of C.R.S. subsections do not necessarily correspond with the numbering and sequencing of subsections in the uniform act.    This article was numbered as article 8 of chapter 155, C.R.S. 1963. The provisions of this article were repealed and reenacted in 1996, resulting in the addition, relocation, and elimination of sections as well as subject matter. For amendments to this article prior to 1996, consult the Colorado statutory research explanatory note and the table itemizing the replacement volumes and supplements to the original volume of C.R.S. 1973 beginning on page vii in the front of this volume. Former C.R.S. section numbers are shown in editor's notes following those sections that were relocated. For a detailed comparison, see the “Table of Disposition of Sections in Prior Versions” in the prefatory note at the beginning of this article.     Law reviews:   For article, “Limited Partnership Interests as Uncertificated Securities”, see 13 Colo. Law. 1194 .   Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 4-8-101 as it existed prior to 1996.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Impact of the Uniform Commercial Code on Colorado Law”, see 42 Den. L. Ctr. J. 67 (1965).   Annotator's note. The following annotations include cases decided under former provisions similar to this section.   Article 8 provides special rules for investment securities, which are meant to ensure rapid and effective negotiation of such instruments. Dempsey-Tegeler & Co. v. Otis Oil & Gas Corp., 293 F. Supp. 1383 (D. Colo. 1968 ).   This article governs acquisition of legal ownership of certificated shares of a corporation and generally requires that a purchaser receive the security certificate or certified stock of the corporation. Mortgage Invs. Corp. v. Battle Mtn. Corp., 70 P.3d 1176 (Colo. 2003).
CO Code § 4-8-109 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Part 1 - Short Title and General Matters|§ 4-8-109. Warranties in Indirect Holding

  A person who originates an entitlement order to a securities intermediary warrants to the securities intermediary that:   The entitlement order is made by an appropriate person, or if the entitlement order is by an agent, the agent has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and    There is no adverse claim to the security entitlement.       A person who delivers a security certificate to a securities intermediary for credit to a securities account or originates an instruction with respect to an uncertificated security directing that the uncertificated security be credited to a securities account makes to the securities intermediary the warranties specified in section 4-8-108 (a) or (b).    If a securities intermediary delivers a security certificate to its entitlement holder or causes its entitlement holder to be registered as the owner of an uncertificated security, the securities intermediary makes to the entitlement holder the warranties specified in section 4-8-108 (a) or (b).     History. Source: L. 96: Entire article R&RE, p. 212, § 2, effective July 1.    OFFICIAL COMMENT   1. Subsection (a) provides that a person who originates an entitlement order warrants to the securities intermediary that the order is authorized, and warrants the absence of adverse claims. Subsection (b) specifies the warranties that are given when a person who holds securities directly has the holding converted into indirect form. A person who delivers a certificate to a securities intermediary or originates an instruction for an uncertificated security gives to the securities intermediary the transfer warranties under Section 8-108. If the securities intermediary in turn delivers the certificate to a higher level securities intermediary, it gives the same warranties.   2. Subsection (c) states the warranties that a securities intermediary gives when a customer who has been holding securities in an account with the securities intermediary requests that certificates be delivered or that uncertificated securities be registered in the customer's name. The warranties are the same as those that brokers make with respect to securities that the brokers sell to or buy on behalf of the customers. See Section 8-108(i).   3. As with the Section 8-108 warranties, the warranties specified in this section may be modified by agreement under Section 1-102(3).   Definitional Cross References:   “Adverse claim”. Section 8-102(a)(1)   “Appropriate person”. Section 8-107   “Entitlement holder”. Section 8-102(a)(7)   “Entitlement order”. Section 8-102(a)(8)   “Instruction”. Section 8-102(a)(12)   “Person”. Section 1-201(30)   “Securities account”. Section 8-501   “Securities intermediary”. Section 8-102(a)(14)   “Security certificate”. Section 8-102(a)(16)   “Uncertificated security”. Section 8-102(a)(18)
CO Code § 4-8-111 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Part 1 - Short Title and General Matters|§ 4-8-111. Clearing Corporation Rules

 A rule adopted by a clearing corporation governing rights and obligations among the clearing corporation and its participants in the clearing corporation is effective even if the rule conflicts with this article and affects another party who does not consent to the rule.   History. Source: L. 96: Entire article R&RE, p. 214, § 2, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 4-8-313 as it existed prior to 1996.   OFFICIAL COMMENT   1. The experience of the past few decades shows that securities holding and settlement practices may develop rapidly, and in unforeseeable directions. Accordingly, it is desirable that the rules of Article 8 be adaptable both to ensure that commercial law can conform to changing practices and to ensure that commercial law does not operate as an obstacle to developments in securities practice. Even if practices were unchanging, it would not be possible in a general statute to specify in detail the rules needed to provide certainty in the operations of the clearance and settlement system.   The provisions of this Article and Article 1 on the effect of agreements provide considerable flexibility in the specification of the details of the rights and obligations of participants in the securities holding system by agreement. See Sections 8-504 through 8-509, and Section 1-102(3) and (4). Given the magnitude of the exposures involved in securities transactions, however, it may not be possible for the parties in developing practices to rely solely on private agreements, particularly with respect to matters that might affect others, such as creditors. For example, in order to be fully effective, rules of clearing corporations on the finality or reversibility of securities settlements must not only bind the participants in the clearing corporation but also be effective against their creditors. Section 8-111 provides that clearing corporation rules are effective even if they indirectly affect third parties, such as creditors of a participant. This provision does not, however, permit rules to be adopted that would govern the rights and obligations of third parties other than as a consequence of rules that specify the rights and obligations of the clearing corporation and its participants.   2. The definition of clearing corporation in Section 8-102 covers only federal reserve banks, entities registered as clearing agencies under the federal securities laws, and others subject to comparable regulation. The rules of registered clearing agencies are subject to regulatory oversight under the federal securities laws.   Definitional Cross References:   “Clearing corporation”. Section 8-102(a)(5)
CO Code § 4-8-114 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Part 1 - Short Title and General Matters|§ 4-8-114. Evidentiary Rules Concerning Certificated Securities

 The following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the issuer:    Unless specifically denied in the pleadings, each signature on a security certificate or in a necessary indorsement is admitted.    If the effectiveness of a signature is put in issue, the burden of establishing effectiveness is on the party claiming under the signature, but the signature is presumed to be genuine or authorized.    If signatures on a security certificate are admitted or established, production of the certificate entitles a holder to recover on it unless the defendant establishes a defense or a defect going to the validity of the security.    If it is shown that a defense or defect exists, the plaintiff has the burden of establishing that the plaintiff or some person under whom the plaintiff claims is a person against whom the defense or defect cannot be asserted.     History. Source: L. 96: Entire article R&RE, p. 215, § 2, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 4-8-105 as it existed prior to 1996.   OFFICIAL COMMENT   This section adapts the rules of negotiable instruments law concerning procedure in actions on instruments, see Section 3-308, to actions on certificated securities governed by this Article. An “action on a security” includes any action or proceeding brought against the issuer to enforce a right or interest that is part of the security, such as an action to collect principal or interest or a dividend, or to establish a right to vote or to receive a new security under an exchange offer or plan of reorganization. This section applies only to certificated securities; actions on uncertificated securities are governed by general evidentiary principles.   Definitional Cross References:   “Action”. Section 1-201(1)   “Burden of establishing”. Section 1-201(8)   “Certificated security”. Section 8-102(a)(4)   “Indorsement”. Section 8-102(a)(11)   “Issuer”. Section 8-201   “Presumed”. Section 1-201(31)   “Security”. Section 8-102(a)(15)   “Security certificate”. Section 8-102(a)(16)   ANNOTATION   Annotator's note. Since § 4-8-114 is similar to § 4-8-105 as it existed prior to the 1996 repeal and reenactment of this article, a relevant case construing that provision has been included in the annotations to this section.   Applied in Dempsey-Tegeler Co. v. Otis Oil Gas Corp., 293 F. Supp. 1383 (D. Colo. 1968 ).
CO Code § 4-8-206 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Part 2 - Issue and Issuer|§ 4-8-206. Completion or Alteration of Security Certificate

  If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary to its issue or transfer but is incomplete in any other respect:   Any person may complete it by filling in the blanks as authorized; and    Even if the blanks are incorrectly filled in, the security certificate as completed is enforceable by a purchaser who took it for value and without notice of the incorrectness.       A complete security certificate that has been improperly altered, even if fraudulently, remains enforceable, but only according to its original terms.     History. Source: L. 96: Entire article R&RE, p. 218, § 2, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 4-8-206 as it existed prior to 1996.   OFFICIAL COMMENT   1. The problem of forged or unauthorized signatures necessary for the issue or transfer of a security is not involved here, and a person in possession of a blank certificate is not, by this section, given authority to fill in blanks with such signatures. Completion of blanks left in a transfer instruction is dealt with elsewhere (Section 8-305(a)).   2. Blanks left upon issue of a security certificate are the only ones dealt with here, and a purchaser for value without notice is protected. A purchaser is not in a good position to determine whether blanks were completed by the issuer or by some person not authorized to complete them. On the other hand the issuer can protect itself by not placing its signature on the writing until the blanks are completed or, if it does sign before all blanks are completed, by carefully selecting the agents and employees to whom it entrusts the writing after authentication. With respect to a security certificate that is completed by the issuer but later is altered, the issuer has done everything it can to protect the purchaser and thus is not charged with the terms as altered. However, it is charged according to the original terms, since it is not thereby prejudiced. If the completion or alteration is obviously irregular, the purchaser may not qualify as a purchaser who took without notice under this section.   3. Only the purchaser who physically takes the certificate is directly protected. However, a transferee may receive protection indirectly through Section 8-302(a).   4. The protection granted a purchaser for value without notice under this section is modified to the extent that an overissue may result where an incorrect amount is inserted into a blank (Section 8-210).   Definitional Cross References:   “Notice”. Section 1-201(25)   “Purchaser”. Sections 1-201(33) 8-116   “Security certificate”. Section 8-102(a)(16)   “Unauthorized signature”. Section 1-201(43)   “Value”. Sections 1-201(44) 8-116
CO Code § 4-8-209 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Part 2 - Issue and Issuer|§ 4-8-209. Issuer's Lien

 A lien in favor of an issuer upon a certificated security is valid against a purchaser only if the right of the issuer to the lien is noted conspicuously on the security certificate.   History. Source: L. 96: Entire article R&RE, p. 219, § 2, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 4-8-103 as it existed prior to 1996.   OFFICIAL COMMENT   This section is similar to Sections 8-202 and 8-204 which require that the terms of a certificated security and any restriction on transfer imposed by the issuer be noted on the security certificate. This section differs from those two sections in that the purchaser's knowledge of the issuer's claim is irrelevant. “Noted” makes clear that the text of the lien provisions need not be set forth in full. However, this would not override a provision of an applicable corporation code requiring statement in haec verba. This section does not apply to uncertificated securities. It applies to the indirect holding system in the same fashion as Sections 8-202 and 8-204, see Comment 2 to Section 8-202.   Definitional Cross References:   “Certificated security”. Section 8-102(a)(4)   “Issuer”. Section 8-201   “Purchaser”. Sections 1-201(33) 8-116   “Security”. Section 8-102(a)(15)   “Security certificate”. Section 8-102(a)(16)   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Pledgee's Right to Stock Dividends Without Shareholder's Liability”, see 7 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 13 . For note, “Stock Liens and Transfer Restrictions Under the Uniform Stock Transfer Act”, see 10 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 117 (1938).