reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-306 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8-306 - Effect on Guaranteeing Signature, Indorsement, or Instruction

    (a)    A person who guarantees a signature of an indorser of a security certificate warrants that at the time of signing:        (1)    The signature was genuine;        (2)    The signer was an appropriate person to indorse, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and        (3)    The signer had legal capacity to sign.    (b)    A person who guarantees a signature of the originator of an instruction warrants that at the time of signing:        (1)    The signature was genuine;        (2)    The signer was an appropriate person to originate the instruction, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person, if the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner was, in fact, the registered owner, as to which fact the signature guarantor does not make a warranty; and        (3)    The signer had legal capacity to sign.    (c)    A person who specially guarantees the signature of an originator of an instruction makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subsection (b) of this section and also warrants that at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer:        (1)    The person specified in the instruction as the registered owner of the uncertificated security will be the registered owner; and        (2)    The transfer of the uncertificated security requested in the instruction will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the instruction.    (d)    A guarantor under subsections (a) and (b) of this section or a special guarantor under subsection (c) of this section does not otherwise warrant the rightfulness of the transfer.    (e)    A person who guarantees an indorsement of a security certificate makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subsection (a) of this section and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.    (f)    A person who guarantees an instruction requesting the transfer of an uncertificated security makes the warranties of a special signature guarantor under subsection (c) of this section and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.    (g)    An issuer may not require a special guaranty of signature, a guaranty of indorsement, or a guaranty of instruction as a condition to registration of transfer.    (h)    (1)    The warranties under this section are made to a person taking or dealing with the security in reliance on the guaranty, and the guarantor is liable to the person for loss resulting from their breach.        (2)    An indorser or originator of an instruction whose signature, indorsement, or instruction has been guaranteed is liable to a guarantor for any loss suffered by the guarantor as a result of breach of the warranties of the guarantor.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-307 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8-307 - Purchaser's Right to Requisites for Registration of Transfer

    Unless otherwise agreed, the transferor of a security on due demand shall supply the purchaser with proof of authority to transfer or with any other requisite necessary to obtain registration of the transfer of the security, but if the transfer is not for value, a transferor need not comply unless the purchaser pays the necessary expenses. If the transferor fails within a reasonable time to comply with the demand, the purchaser may reject or rescind the transfer.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-401 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 4 - Registration|Section 8-401 - Duty of Issuer to Register Transfer

    (a)    If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer shall register the transfer as requested if:        (1)    Under the terms of the security the person seeking registration of transfer is eligible to have the security registered in its name;        (2)    The indorsement or instruction is made by the appropriate person or by an agent who has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person;        (3)    Reasonable assurance is given that the indorsement or instruction is genuine and authorized (§ 8-402 of this subtitle);        (4)    Any applicable law relating to the collection of taxes has been complied with;        (5)    The transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer imposed by the issuer in accordance with § 8-204 of this title;        (6)    A demand that the issuer not register transfer has not become effective under § 8-403 of this subtitle, or the issuer has complied with § 8-403(b) of this subtitle but no legal process or indemnity bond is obtained as provided in § 8-403(d) of this subtitle; and        (7)    The transfer is in fact rightful or is to a protected purchaser.    (b)    If an issuer is under a duty to register a transfer of a security, the issuer is liable to a person presenting a certificated security or an instruction for registration or to the person's principal for loss resulting from unreasonable delay in registration or failure or refusal to register the transfer.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-402 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 4 - Registration|Section 8-402 - Assurance That Indorsements or Instruction Is Effective

    (a)    An issuer may require the following assurance that each necessary indorsement or each instruction is genuine and authorized:        (1)    In all cases, a guaranty of the signature of the person making an indorsement or originating an instruction including, in the case of an instruction, reasonable assurance of identity;        (2)    If the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by an agent, appropriate assurance of actual authority to sign;        (3)    If the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a fiduciary in accordance with § 8-107(a)(4) or (5) of this title, appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency;        (4)    If there is more than one fiduciary, reasonable assurance that all who are required to sign have done so; and        (5)    If the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a person not covered by another provision of this subsection, assurance appropriate to the case corresponding as nearly as may be to the provisions of this subsection.    (b)    An issuer may elect to require reasonable assurance beyond that specified in this section.    (c)    In this section:        (1)    “Guaranty of the signature” means a guaranty signed by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by the issuer to be responsible. An issuer may adopt standards with respect to responsibility if they are not manifestly unreasonable.        (2)    “Appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency” means:            (i)    In the case of a fiduciary appointed or qualified by a court, a certificate issued by or under the direction or supervision of the court or an officer thereof and dated within 60 days before the date of presentation for transfer; or            (ii)    In any other case, a copy of a document showing the appointment or a certificate issued by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by an issuer to be responsible or, in the absence of that document or certificate, other evidence the issuer reasonably considered appropriate.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-403 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 4 - Registration|Section 8-403 - Demand That Issuer Not Register Transfer

    (a)    A person who is an appropriate person to make an indorsement or originate an instruction may demand that the issuer not register transfer of a security by communicating to the issuer a notification that identifies the registered owner and the issue of which the security is a part and provides an address for communications directed to the person making the demand. The demand is effective only if it is received by the issuer at a time and in a manner affording the issuer reasonable opportunity to act on it.    (b)    If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security after a demand that the issuer not register transfer has become effective, the issuer shall promptly communicate to (i) the person who initiated the demand at the address provided in the demand and (ii) the person who presented the security for registration of transfer or initiated the instruction requesting registration of transfer a notification stating that:        (1)    The certificated security has been presented for registration of transfer or instruction for registration of transfer of uncertificated security has been received;        (2)    A demand that the issuer not register transfer had previously been received; and        (3)    The issuer will withhold registration of transfer for a period of time stated in the notification in order to provide the person who initiated the demand an opportunity to obtain legal process or an indemnity bond.    (c)    The period described in subsection (b)(3) of this section may not exceed 30 days after the date of communication of the notification. A shorter period may be specified by the issuer if it is not manifestly unreasonable.    (d)    An issuer is not liable to a person who initiated a demand that the issuer not register transfer for any loss the person suffers as a result of registration of a transfer in accordance with an effective indorsement or instruction if the person who initiated the demand does not, within the time stated in the issuer's communication, either:        (1)    Obtain an appropriate restraining order, injunction, or other process from a court of competent jurisdiction enjoining the issuer from registering the transfer; or        (2)    File with the issuer an indemnity bond, sufficient in the issuer's judgment to protect the issuer and any transfer agent, registrar, or other agent of the issuer involved from any loss it or they may suffer by refusing to register the transfer.    (e)    This section does not relieve an issuer from liability for registering transfer pursuant to an indorsement or instruction that was not effective.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-404 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 4 - Registration|Section 8-404 - Wrongful Registration

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in § 8-406 of this subtitle, an issuer is liable for wrongful registration of transfer if the issuer has registered a transfer of a security to a person not entitled to it, and the transfer was registered:        (1)    In accordance with an ineffective indorsement or instruction;        (2)    After a demand that the issuer not register transfer became effective under § 8-403(a) of this subtitle and the issuer did not comply with § 8-403(b) of this subtitle;        (3)    After the issuer had been served with an injunction, restraining order, or other legal process enjoining it from registering the transfer, issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, and the issuer had a reasonable opportunity to act on the injunction, restraining order, or other legal process; or        (4)    By an issuer acting in collusion with the wrongdoer.    (b)    An issuer that is liable for wrongful registration of transfer under subsection (a) of this section on demand shall provide the person entitled to the security with a like certificated or uncertificated security, and any payments or distributions that the person did not receive as a result of the wrongful registration. If an overissue would result, the issuer's liability to provide the person with a like security is governed by § 8-210 of this title.    (c)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) of this section or in a law relating to the collection of taxes, an issuer is not liable to an owner or other person suffering loss as a result of the registration of a transfer of a security if registration was made in accordance with an effective indorsement or instruction.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-405 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 4 - Registration|Section 8-405 - Replacement of Lost, Destroyed, or Wrongfully Taken Security Certificate

    (a)    If an owner of a certificated security, whether in registered or bearer form, claims that the certificate has been lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken, the issuer shall issue a new certificate if the owner:        (1)    So requests before the issuer has notice that the certificate has been acquired by a protected purchaser;        (2)    Files with the issuer a sufficient indemnity bond; and        (3)    Satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the issuer.    (b)    (1)    If, after the issue of a new security certificate, a protected purchaser of the original certificate presents it for registration of transfer, the issuer shall register the transfer unless an overissue would result. In that case, the issuer's liability is governed by § 8-210 of this title.        (2)    In addition to any rights on the indemnity bond, an issuer may recover the new certificate from a person to whom it was issued or any person taking under that person, except a protected purchaser.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-406 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 4 - Registration|Section 8-406 - Obligation to Notify Issuer of Lost, Destroyed, or Wrongfully Taken Security Certificate

    If a security certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed, or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the issuer of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of it and the issuer registers a transfer of the security before receiving notification, the owner may not assert against the issuer a claim for registering the transfer under § 8-404 of this subtitle or a claim to a new security certificate under § 8-405 of this subtitle.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-407 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 4 - Registration|Section 8-407 - Authenticating Trustee, Transfer Agent, and Registrar

    A person acting as authenticating trustee, transfer agent, registrar, or other agent for an issuer in the registration of a transfer of its securities, in the issue of new security certificates or uncertificated securities, or in the cancellation of surrendered security certificates has the same obligation to the holder or owner of a certificated or uncertificated security with regard to the particular functions performed as the issuer has in regard to those functions.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-501 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 5 - Security Entitlements|Section 8-501 - Securities Account; Acquisition of Security Entitlement From Securities Intermediary

    (a)    “Securities account” means an account to which a financial asset is or may be credited in accordance with an agreement under which the person maintaining the account undertakes to treat the person for whom the account is maintained as entitled to exercise the rights that comprise the financial asset.    (b)    Except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e) of this section, a person acquires a security entitlement if a securities intermediary:        (1)    Indicates by book entry that a financial asset has been credited to the person's securities account;        (2)    Receives a financial asset from the person or acquires a financial asset for the person and, in either case, accepts it for credit to the person's securities account; or        (3)    Becomes obligated under other law, regulation, or rule to credit a financial asset to the person's securities account.    (c)    If a condition of subsection (b) of this section has been met, a person has a security entitlement even though the securities intermediary does not itself hold the financial asset.    (d)    If a securities intermediary holds a financial asset for another person, and the financial asset is registered in the name of, payable to the order of, or specially indorsed to the other person, and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank, the other person is treated as holding the financial asset directly rather than as having a security entitlement with respect to the financial asset.    (e)    Issuance of a security is not establishment of a security entitlement.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-502 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 5 - Security Entitlements|Section 8-502 - Assertion of Adverse Claim Against Entitlement Holder

    An action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a person who acquires a security entitlement under § 8-501 of this subtitle for value and without notice of the adverse claim.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-504 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 5 - Security Entitlements|Section 8-504 - Duty of Securities Intermediary to Maintain Financial Asset

    (a)    A securities intermediary shall promptly obtain and thereafter maintain a financial asset in a quantity corresponding to the aggregate of all security entitlements the securities intermediary has established in favor of its entitlement holders with respect to that financial asset. The securities intermediary may maintain those financial assets directly or through one or more other securities intermediaries.    (b)    Except to the extent otherwise agreed by its entitlement holder, a securities intermediary may not grant any security interests in a financial asset it is obligated to maintain in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.    (c)    A securities intermediary satisfies the duty in subsection (a) of this section if:        (1)    The securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or        (2)    In the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to obtain and maintain the financial asset.    (d)    This section does not apply to a clearing corporation that is itself the obligor of an option or similar obligation to which its entitlement holders have security entitlements.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-505 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 5 - Security Entitlements|Section 8-505 - Duty of Securities Intermediary With Respect to Payments and Distributions

    (a)    A securities intermediary shall take action to obtain a payment or distribution made by the issuer of a financial asset. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:        (1)    The securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or        (2)    In the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to attempt to obtain the payment or distribution.    (b)    A securities intermediary is obligated to its entitlement holder for a payment or distribution made by the issuer of a financial asset if the payment or distribution is received by the securities intermediary.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-506 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 5 - Security Entitlements|Section 8-506 - Duty of Securities Intermediary to Exercise Rights as Directed by Entitlement Holder

    A securities intermediary shall exercise rights with respect to a financial asset if directed to do so by an entitlement holder. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:         (1)    The securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or        (2)    In the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary either places the entitlement holder in a position to exercise the rights directly or exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to follow the direction of the entitlement holder.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-507 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 5 - Security Entitlements|Section 8-507 - Duties of Securities Intermediary to Comply With Entitlement Order

    (a)    A securities intermediary shall comply with an entitlement order if the entitlement order is originated by the appropriate person, the securities intermediary has had reasonable opportunity to assure itself that the entitlement order is genuine and authorized, and the securities intermediary has had reasonable opportunity to comply with the entitlement order. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:        (1)    The securities intermediary acts with respect to the duty as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or        (2)    In the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to comply with the entitlement order.    (b)    If a securities intermediary transfers a financial asset in accordance with an ineffective entitlement order, the securities intermediary shall reestablish a security entitlement in favor of the person entitled to it, and pay or credit any payments or distributions that the person did not receive as a result of the wrongful transfer. If the securities intermediary does not reestablish a security entitlement, the securities intermediary is liable to the entitlement holder for damages.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-508 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 5 - Security Entitlements|Section 8-508 - Duty of Securities Intermediary to Change Entitlement Holder's Position to Other Form of Security Holding

    A securities intermediary shall act at the direction of an entitlement holder to change a security entitlement into another available form of holding for which the entitlement holder is eligible, or to cause the financial asset to be transferred to a securities account of the entitlement holder with another securities intermediary. A securities intermediary satisfies the duty if:         (1)    The securities intermediary acts as agreed upon by the entitlement holder and the securities intermediary; or        (2)    In the absence of agreement, the securities intermediary exercises due care in accordance with reasonable commercial standards to follow the direction of the entitlement holder.