reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
IA Code § 554.3418 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3418 - Payment or acceptance by mistake.

554.3418 Payment or acceptance by mistake.   1. Except as provided in subsection 3, if the drawee of a draft pays or accepts the draft and the drawee acted on the mistaken belief that payment of the draft had not been stopped pursuant to section 554.4403 or the signature of the drawer of the draft was authorized, the drawee may recover the amount of the draft from the person to whom or for whose benefit payment was made or, in the case of acceptance, may revoke the acceptance. Rights of the drawee under this subsection are not affected by failure of the drawee to exercise ordinary care in paying or accepting the draft.   2. Except as provided in subsection 3, if an instrument has been paid or accepted by mistake and the case is not covered by subsection 1, the person paying or accepting may, to the extent permitted by the law governing mistake and restitution, recover the payment from the person to whom or for whose benefit payment was made or in the case of acceptance, may revoke the acceptance.   3. The remedies provided by subsection 1 or 2 may not be asserted against a person who took the instrument in good faith and for value or who in good faith changed position in reliance on the payment or acceptance. This subsection does not limit remedies provided by section 554.3417 or 554.4407.   4. Notwithstanding section 554.4215, if an instrument is paid or accepted by mistake and the payor or acceptor recovers payment or revokes acceptance under subsection 1 or 2, the instrument is deemed not to have been paid or accepted and is treated as dishonored, and the person from whom payment is recovered has rights as a person entitled to enforce the dishonored instrument.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §65, 121, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261  Referred to in §554.3301
IA Code § 554.3419 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3419 - Instruments signed for accommodation.

554.3419 Instruments signed for accommodation.   1. If an instrument is issued for value given for the benefit of a party to the instrument (“accommodated party”) and another party to the instrument (“accommodation party”) signs the instrument for the purpose of incurring liability on the instrument without being a direct beneficiary of the value given for the instrument, the instrument is signed by the accommodation party “for accommodation.”   2. An accommodation party may sign the instrument as maker, drawer, acceptor, or endorser and, subject to subsection 4, is obliged to pay the instrument in the capacity in which the accommodation party signs. The obligation of an accommodation party may be enforced notwithstanding any statute of frauds and whether or not the accommodation party receives consideration for the accommodation.   3. A person signing an instrument is presumed to be an accommodation party and there is notice that the instrument is signed for accommodation if the signature is an anomalous endorsement or is accompanied by words indicating that the signer is acting as surety or guarantor with respect to the obligation of another party to the instrument. Except as provided in section 554.3605, the obligation of an accommodation party to pay the instrument is not affected by the fact that the person enforcing the obligation had notice when the instrument was taken by that person that the accommodation party signed the instrument for accommodation.   4. If the signature of a party to an instrument is accompanied by words indicating unambiguously that the party is guaranteeing collection rather than payment of the obligation of another party to the instrument, the signer is obliged to pay the amount due on the instrument to a person entitled to enforce the instrument only if execution of judgment against the other party has been returned unsatisfied, the other party is insolvent or in an insolvency proceeding, the other party cannot be served with process, or it is otherwise apparent that payment cannot be obtained from the other party.   5. An accommodation party who pays the instrument is entitled to reimbursement from the accommodated party and is entitled to enforce the instrument against the accommodated party. An accommodated party who pays the instrument has no right of recourse against, and is not entitled to contribution from, an accommodation party.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §66, 121, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261  Referred to in §554.3103, 554.3116, 554.3415, 554.3605
IA Code § 554.3420 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3420 - Conversion of instrument.

554.3420 Conversion of instrument.   1. The law applicable to conversion of personal property applies to instruments. An instrument is also converted if it is taken by transfer, other than a negotiation, from a person not entitled to enforce the instrument or a bank makes or obtains payment with respect to the instrument for a person not entitled to enforce the instrument or receive payment. An action for conversion of an instrument may not be brought by the issuer or acceptor of the instrument or a payee or endorsee who did not receive delivery of the instrument either directly or through delivery to an agent or a co-payee.   2. In an action under subsection 1, the measure of liability is presumed to be the amount payable on the instrument, but recovery may not exceed the amount of the plaintiff’s interest in the instrument.   3. A representative, other than a depositary bank, who has in good faith dealt with an instrument or its proceeds on behalf of one who was not the person entitled to enforce the instrument is not liable in conversion to that person beyond the amount of any proceeds that it has not paid out.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §67, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261  Referred to in §554.4203
IA Code § 554.3501 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3501 - Presentment.

554.3501 Presentment.   1. “Presentment” means a demand made by or on behalf of a person entitled to enforce an instrument:   a. to pay the instrument made to the drawee or a party obliged to pay the instrument or, in the case of a note or accepted draft payable at a bank, to the bank; or   b. to accept a draft made to the drawee.   2. The following rules are subject to Article 4, agreement of the parties, and clearing-house rules and the like:   a. Presentment may be made at the place of payment of the instrument and must be made at the place of payment if the instrument is payable at a bank in the United States; may be made by any commercially reasonable means, including an oral, written, or electronic communication; is effective when the demand for payment or acceptance is received by the person to whom presentment is made; and is effective if made to any one of two or more makers, acceptors, drawees, or other payors.   b. Upon demand of the person to whom presentment is made, the person making presentment must exhibit the instrument; give reasonable identification and, if presentment is made on behalf of another person, reasonable evidence of authority to do so; and sign a receipt on the instrument for any payment made or surrender the instrument if full payment is made.   c. Without dishonoring the instrument, the party to whom presentment is made may return the instrument for lack of a necessary endorsement, or refuse payment or acceptance for failure of the presentment to comply with the terms of the instrument, an agreement of the parties, or other applicable law or rule.   d. The party to whom presentment is made may treat presentment as occurring on the next business day after the day of presentment if the party to whom presentment is made has established a cut-off hour not earlier than 2:00 p.m. for the receipt and processing of instruments presented for payment or acceptance and presentment is made after the cut-off hour.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §68, 121, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §148, 149; 2015 Acts, ch 29, §100  Referred to in §554.3103, 554.4104, 554.4212
IA Code § 554.3503 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3503 - Notice of dishonor.

554.3503 Notice of dishonor.   1. The obligation of an endorser stated in section 554.3415, subsection 1, and the obligation of a drawer stated in section 554.3414, subsection 4, may not be enforced unless the endorser or drawer is given notice of dishonor of the instrument complying with this section or notice of dishonor is excused under section 554.3504, subsection 2.   2. Notice of dishonor may be given by any person; may be given by any commercially reasonable means, including an oral, written, or electronic communication; and is sufficient if it reasonably identifies the instrument and indicates that the instrument has been dishonored or has not been paid or accepted. Return of an instrument given to a bank for collection is sufficient notice of dishonor.   3. Subject to section 554.3504, subsection 3, with respect to an instrument taken for collection by a collecting bank, notice of dishonor must be given by the bank before midnight of the next banking day following the banking day on which the bank receives notice of dishonor of the instrument, or by any other person within thirty days following the day on which the person receives notice of dishonor. With respect to any other instrument, notice of dishonor must be given within thirty days following the day on which dishonor occurs.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §70, 121, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261  Referred to in §554.3415, 554.4104
IA Code § 554.3504 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3504 - Excused presentment and notice of dishonor.

554.3504 Excused presentment and notice of dishonor.   1. Presentment for payment or acceptance of an instrument is excused if the person entitled to present the instrument cannot with reasonable diligence make presentment; the maker or acceptor has repudiated an obligation to pay the instrument or is dead or in insolvency proceedings; by the terms of the instrument presentment is not necessary to enforce the obligation of endorsers or the drawer; the drawer or endorser whose obligation is being enforced has waived presentment or otherwise has no reason to expect or right to require that the instrument be paid or accepted; or the drawer instructed the drawee not to pay or accept the draft or the drawee was not obligated to the drawer to pay the draft.   2. Notice of dishonor is excused if by the terms of the instrument notice of dishonor is not necessary to enforce the obligation of a party to pay the instrument, or the party whose obligation is being enforced waived notice of dishonor. A waiver of presentment is also a waiver of notice of dishonor.   3. Delay in giving notice of dishonor is excused if the delay was caused by circumstances beyond the control of the person giving the notice and the person giving the notice exercised reasonable diligence after the cause of the delay ceased to operate.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §71, 121, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261; 2014 Acts, ch 1092, §123  Referred to in §554.3502, 554.3503
IA Code § 554.3505 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3505 - Evidence of dishonor.

554.3505 Evidence of dishonor.   1. The following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor and of any notice of dishonor stated:   a. a document regular in form as provided in subsection 2 which purports to be a protest;   b. a purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not consistent with dishonor;   c. a book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no evidence of who made the entry.   2. A protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or vice consul, or a notarial officer as provided in chapter 9B or other person authorized to administer oaths by the law of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information satisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and certify either that presentment has been made or, if not made, the reason why it was not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or nonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given to some or all parties.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §72, 121, 122; 2012 Acts, ch 1050, §46, 60; 2013 Acts, ch 140, §99  Referred to in §9B.5
IA Code § 554.3506 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3506 - Time allowed for acceptance or payment.

554.3506 Time allowed for acceptance or payment. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122.
IA Code § 554.3507 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3507 - Dishonor — holder’s right of recourse — term allowing re-presentment.

554.3507 Dishonor — holder’s right of recourse — term allowing re-presentment. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122. See §554.3501, 554.3502, and 554.3512.
IA Code § 554.3508 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3508 - Notice of dishonor.

554.3508 Notice of dishonor. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122. See §554.3503.
IA Code § 554.3509 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3509 - Protest — noting for protest.

554.3509 Protest — noting for protest. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122. See §554.3505.
IA Code § 554.3510 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3510 - Evidence of dishonor and notice of dishonor.

554.3510 Evidence of dishonor and notice of dishonor. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122. See §554.3505.
IA Code § 554.3511 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3511 - Waived or excused presentment, protest or notice of dishonor or delay therein.

554.3511 Waived or excused presentment, protest or notice of dishonor or delay therein. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122. See §554.3502 and 554.3504.
IA Code § 554.3512 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3512 - Holder’s recourse for dishonor.

554.3512 Holder’s recourse for dishonor.   1. The holder of a dishonored check, draft, or order may assess against the maker of that check, draft, or order a surcharge not to exceed thirty dollars.   2. The surcharge authorized by this section shall not be assessed unless the holder clearly and conspicuously posts a notice at the usual place of payment, or in the billing statement of the holder, stating that a surcharge will be assessed and the amount of the surcharge. However, the surcharge shall not be assessed against the maker if the reason for the dishonor of the check, draft, or order is that the maker has stopped payment pursuant to section 554.4403.  95 Acts, ch 137, §2; 2003 Acts, ch 10, §1  Referred to in §331.553, 537.2501, 554.3513
IA Code § 554.3601 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3601 - Discharge and effect of discharge.

554.3601 Discharge and effect of discharge.   1. The obligation of a party to pay the instrument is discharged as stated in this Article or by an act or agreement with the party which would discharge an obligation to pay money under a simple contract.   2. Discharge of the obligation of a party is not effective against a person acquiring rights of a holder in due course of the instrument without notice of the discharge.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §73, 121, 122
IA Code § 554.3602 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3602 - Payment.

554.3602 Payment.   1. Subject to subsection 2, an instrument is paid to the extent payment is made by or on behalf of a party obliged to pay the instrument, and to a person entitled to enforce the instrument. To the extent of the payment, the obligation of the party obliged to pay the instrument is discharged even though payment is made with knowledge of a claim to the instrument under section 554.3306 by another person.   2. The obligation of a party to pay the instrument is not discharged under subsection 1 if:   a. a claim to the instrument under section 554.3306 is enforceable against the party receiving payment and payment is made with knowledge by the payor that payment is prohibited by injunction or similar process of a court of competent jurisdiction, or in the case of an instrument other than a cashier’s check, teller’s check, or certified check, the party making payment accepted, from the person having a claim to the instrument, indemnity against loss resulting from refusal to pay the person entitled to enforce the instrument; or   b. the person making payment knows that the instrument is a stolen instrument and pays a person it knows is in wrongful possession of the instrument.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §74, 121, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261  Referred to in §554.3103
IA Code § 554.3603 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3603 - Tender of payment.

554.3603 Tender of payment.   1. If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument, the effect of tender is governed by principles of law applicable to tender of payment under a simple contract.   2. If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument and the tender is refused, there is discharge, to the extent of the amount of the tender, of the obligation of an endorser or accommodation party having a right of recourse with respect to the obligation to which the tender relates.   3. If tender of payment of an amount due on an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument, the obligation of the obligor to pay interest after the due date on the amount tendered is discharged. If presentment is required with respect to an instrument and the obligor is able and ready to pay on the due date at every place of payment stated in the instrument, the obligor is deemed to have made tender of payment on the due date to the person entitled to enforce the instrument.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §75, 121, 122
IA Code § 554.3604 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3604 - Discharge by cancellation or renunciation.

554.3604 Discharge by cancellation or renunciation.   1. A person entitled to enforce an instrument, with or without consideration, may discharge the obligation of a party to pay the instrument by an intentional voluntary act, such as surrender of the instrument to the party, destruction, mutilation, or cancellation of the instrument, cancellation or striking out of the party’s signature, or the addition of words to the instrument indicating discharge; or by agreeing not to sue or otherwise renouncing rights against the party by a signed writing.   2. Cancellation or striking out of an endorsement pursuant to subsection 1 does not affect the status and rights of a party derived from the endorsement.  94 Acts, ch 1167, §76, 121, 122; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §150  Referred to in §554.3605
IA Code § 554.3802 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3802 - Effect of instrument on obligation for which it is given.

554.3802 Effect of instrument on obligation for which it is given. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122.
IA Code § 554.3803 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3803 - Notice to third party.

554.3803 Notice to third party. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122.
IA Code § 554.3804 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3804 - Lost, destroyed or stolen instruments.

554.3804 Lost, destroyed or stolen instruments. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122.
IA Code § 554.3805 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3805 - Instruments not payable to order or to bearer.

554.3805 Instruments not payable to order or to bearer. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122.
IA Code § 554.3806 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.3806 - Civil remedy for dishonor of a check, draft or order.

554.3806 Civil remedy for dishonor of a check, draft or order. Repealed by 94 Acts, ch 1167, §121, 122.
IA Code § 554.4101 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.4101 - Short title.

554.4101 Short title.   This Article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code — Bank Deposits and Collections.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.4101]  94 Acts, ch 1167, §78, 122
IA Code § 554.4102 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.4102 - Applicability.

554.4102 Applicability.   1. To the extent that items within this Article are also within Articles 3 and 8, they are subject to the provisions of those Articles. If there is conflict, this Article governs Article 3, but Article 8 governs this Article.   2. The liability of a bank for action or nonaction with respect to an item handled by it for purposes of presentment, payment, or collection is governed by the law of the place where the bank is located. In the case of action or nonaction by or at a branch or separate office of a bank, its liability is governed by the law of the place where the branch or separate office is located.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.4102]  94 Acts, ch 1167, §79, 122  Referred to in §554.1301
IA Code § 554.4103 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.4103 - Variation by agreement — measure of damages — action constituting ordinary care.

554.4103 Variation by agreement — measure of damages — action constituting ordinary care.   1. The effect of the provisions of this Article may be varied by agreement, but the parties to the agreement cannot disclaim a bank’s responsibility for its lack of good faith or failure to exercise ordinary care or limit the measure of damages for the lack or failure. However, the parties may determine by agreement the standards by which the bank’s responsibility is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable.   2. Federal reserve regulations and operating circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like have the effect of agreements under subsection 1, whether or not specifically assented to by all parties interested in items handled.   3. Action or nonaction approved by this Article or pursuant to federal reserve regulations or operating circulars is the exercise of ordinary care and, in the absence of special instructions, action or nonaction consistent with clearing-house rules and the like or with a general banking usage not disapproved by this Article, is prima facie the exercise of ordinary care.   4. The specification or approval of certain procedures by this Article is not disapproval of other procedures that may be reasonable under the circumstances.   5. The measure of damages for failure to exercise ordinary care in handling an item is the amount of the item reduced by an amount that could not have been realized by the exercise of ordinary care. If there is also bad faith it includes any other damages the party suffered as a proximate consequence.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.4103]  94 Acts, ch 1167, §80, 122