reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:4. Personal jurisdiction

A. A foreign-country judgment may not be refused recognition for lack of personal jurisdiction if:1. The defendant was served with process personally in the foreign country;2. The defendant voluntarily appeared in the proceeding, other than for the purpose of protecting property seized or threatened with seizure in the proceeding or of contesting the jurisdiction of the court over the defendant;3. The defendant, before the commencement of the proceeding, had agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of the foreign court with respect to the subject matter involved;4. The defendant was domiciled in the foreign country when the proceeding was instituted or was a corporation or other form of business organization that had its principal place of business in, or was organized under the laws of, the foreign country;5. The defendant had a business office in the foreign country and the proceeding in the foreign court involved a cause of action arising out of business done by the defendant through that office in the foreign country; or6. The defendant operated a motor vehicle or airplane in the foreign country and the proceeding involved a cause of action arising out of that operation.B. The list of bases for personal jurisdiction in subsection A is not exclusive. The courts of the Commonwealth may recognize bases of personal jurisdiction other than those listed in subsection A as sufficient to support a foreign-country judgment.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:5. Procedure for recognition of foreign-country judgment

A. If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought as an original matter, the issue of recognition shall be raised by filing an action seeking recognition of the foreign-country judgment.B. If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought in a pending action, the issue of recognition may be raised by counterclaim, cross-claim, or affirmative defense.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:6. Effect of recognition of foreign-country judgment

If the court in a proceeding under § 8.01-465.13:5 finds that the foreign-country judgment is entitled to recognition under this chapter then, to the extent that the foreign-country judgment grants or denies recovery of a sum of money, the foreign-country judgment is:1. Conclusive between the parties to the same extent as the judgment of a sister state entitled to full faith and credit in the Commonwealth would be conclusive; and2. Enforceable in the same manner and to the same extent as a judgment rendered in the Commonwealth.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:7 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:7. Stay of proceedings pending appeal of foreign-country judgment

If a party establishes that an appeal from a foreign-country judgment is pending or will be taken, the court may stay any proceedings with regard to the foreign-country judgment until the appeal is concluded, the time for appeal expires, or the appellant has had sufficient time to prosecute the appeal and has failed to do so.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:8 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:8. Statute of limitations

An action to recognize a foreign-country judgment must be commenced within the earlier of the time during which the foreign-country judgment is effective in the foreign country or 15 years from the date that the foreign-country judgment became effective in the foreign country.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:9 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:9. Uniformity of interpretation

In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:10 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:10. Saving clause

This chapter does not prevent the recognition under principles of comity or otherwise of a foreign-country judgment not within the scope of this chapter.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.13:11 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.2 - Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act|§ 8.01-465.13:11. Effective date

This chapter applies to all actions commenced on or after July 1, 2014, in which the issue of recognition of a foreign-country judgment is raised.2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.14 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.14. Definitions

As used in this chapter:"Action" means a judicial proceeding or arbitration in which a payment in money may be awarded or enforced with respect to a foreign-money claim."Bank-offered spot rate" means the spot rate of exchange at which a bank will sell foreign money at a spot rate."Conversion date" means the banking day next preceding the date on which money, in accordance with this chapter, is (i) paid to a claimant in an action or distribution proceeding; (ii) paid to the official designated by law to enforce a judgment or award on behalf of a claimant; or (iii) used to recoup, set off, or counterclaim in different moneys in an action or distribution proceeding."Distribution proceeding" means a judicial or nonjudicial proceeding for the distribution of a fund in which one or more foreign-money claims are asserted and includes an accounting, an assignment for the benefit of creditors, a foreclosure, the liquidation or rehabilitation of a corporation or other entity, and the distribution of an estate, trust, or other fund."Foreign money" means money other than money of the United States of America."Foreign-money claim" means a claim upon an obligation to pay, or a claim for recovery of a loss, expressed in or measured by a foreign money."Money" means a medium of exchange for the payment of obligations or a store of value authorized or adopted by a government or by intergovernmental agreement."Money of the claim" means the money determined as proper pursuant to § 8.01-465.17."Person" means an individual, a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, joint venture, partnership, association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity."Rate of exchange" means the rate at which money of one country may be converted into money of another country in a free financial market convenient to or reasonably usable by a person obligated to pay or to state a rate of conversion. If separate rates of exchange apply to different kinds of transactions, the term means the rate applicable to the particular transaction giving rise to the foreign-money claim."Spot rate" means the rate of exchange at which foreign money is sold by a bank or other dealer in foreign exchange for immediate or next day availability or for settlement by immediate payment in cash or equivalent, by charge to an account, or by an agreed delayed settlement not exceeding two days."State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.15 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.15. Scope

This chapter applies only to a foreign-money claim in an action or distribution proceeding and applies to foreign-money issues even if other law under the conflict-of-laws rules of the Commonwealth applies to other issues in the action or distribution proceeding.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.16 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.16. Variation by agreement

The effect of this chapter may be varied by agreement of the parties made before or after commencement of an action or distribution proceeding or the entry of judgment.Parties to a transaction may agree upon the money to be used in a transaction giving rise to a foreign-money claim and may agree to use different moneys for different aspects of the transaction. Stating the price in a foreign money for one aspect of a transaction does not alone require the use of that money for other aspects of the transaction.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.17 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.17. Determining money of the claim

The money in which the parties to a transaction have agreed that payment is to be made is the proper money of the claim for payment. If the parties to a transaction have not otherwise agreed, the proper money of the claim is the money (i) regularly used between the parties as a matter of usage or course of dealing; (ii) used at the time of a transaction in international trade, by trade usage or common practice, for valuing or settling transactions in the particular commodity or service involved; or (iii) in which the loss was ultimately felt or will be incurred by the party claimant.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.18 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.18. Determining amount of the money of certain contract claims

A. If an amount contracted to be paid in a foreign money is measured by a specified amount of a different money, the amount to be paid is determined on the conversion date.B. If an amount contracted to be paid in a foreign money is to be measured by a different money at the rate of exchange prevailing on a date before default, that rate of exchange applies only to payments made within a reasonable time after default, not exceeding thirty days. Thereafter, conversion is made at the bank-offered spot rate on the conversion date.C. A monetary claim is neither usurious nor unconscionable because the agreement on which it is based provides that the amount of the debtor's obligation to be paid in the debtor's money, when received by the creditor, must equal a special amount of the foreign money of the country of the creditor. If, because of unexcused delay in payment of a judgment or award, the amount received by the creditor does not equal the amount of the foreign money specified in the agreement, the court or arbitrator shall amend the judgment or award accordingly.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.19 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.19. Asserting and defending foreign-money claim

A person may assert a claim in a specified foreign money. If a foreign-money claim is not asserted, the claimant makes the claim in United States dollars.An opposing party may allege and shall prove that all or part of a claim is in a different money than that asserted by the claimant. A person may assert a defense, setoff, recoupment, or counterclaim in any money without regard to the money of other claims.The determination of the proper money of the claim is a question of law.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.20 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.20. Judgments and awards on foreign-money claims; times of money conversion; form of judgment

A. A judgment or award on a foreign-money claim must be stated in an amount of the money of the claim. However, assessed costs must be entered in United States dollars. A judgment in substantially the following form complies with this subsection: [IT IS ADJUDGED AND ORDERED, that Defendant (insert name) pay to Plaintiff (insert name) the sum of (insert amount in the foreign money) plus interest on that sum at the rate of (insert rate -- see § 8.01-465.22) percent a year or, at the option of the judgment debtor, the number of United States dollars which will purchase the (insert name of foreign money) with interest due, at a bank-offered spot rate at or near the close of business on the banking day next before the day of payment, together with assessed costs of (insert amount) United States dollars.]B. A judgment or award on a foreign-money claim is payable in that foreign money or, at the option of the debtor, in the amount of United States dollars which will purchase that foreign money on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.Each payment in United States dollars must be accepted and credited on a judgment or award on a foreign-money claim in the amount of the foreign money that could be purchased by the dollars at a bank-offered spot rate of exchange at or near the close of business on the conversion date for that payment.C. A judgment or award made in an action or distribution proceeding on both a defense, setoff, recoupment, or counterclaim and the adverse party's claim, must be netted by converting the money of the smaller into the money of the larger, and by subtracting the smaller from the larger, and shall specify the rates of exchange used.D. If a contract claim is of the type covered by § 8.01-465.18 A or B, the judgment or award must be entered for the amount of money stated to measure the obligation to be paid in the money specified for payment or, at the option of the debtor, the number of United States dollars which will purchase the computed amount of the money of payment on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.E. A judgment shall be docketed and indexed in foreign money in the same manner, and has the same effect as a lien, as other judgments. It may be discharged by payment.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.21 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.21. Conversions of foreign money in distribution proceeding

The rate of exchange prevailing at or near the close of business on the day the distribution proceeding is initiated governs all exchanges of foreign money in a distribution proceeding. A foreign-money claimant in a distribution proceeding shall assert its claim in the named foreign money and show the amount of United States dollars resulting from a conversion as of the date the proceeding was initiated.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.22 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.22. Prejudgment and judgment interest

With respect to a foreign-money claim, recovery of prejudgment or preaward interest and the rate of interest to be applied in the action or distribution proceeding are matters of the substantive law governing the right to recovery under the conflict-of-laws rules of the Commonwealth.However, the court or arbitrator shall increase or decrease the amount of prejudgment or preaward interest otherwise payable in a judgment or award in foreign money to the extent required by the law of the Commonwealth.A judgment or award on a foreign-money claim bears interest at the rate applicable to judgments of the Commonwealth.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.23 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.23. Enforcement of foreign judgments

If an action is brought to enforce a judgment of another jurisdiction expressed in a foreign money and the judgment is enforceable in the Commonwealth, the enforcing judgment must be entered as provided in § 8.01-465.20, whether or not the foreign judgment confers an option to pay in an equivalent amount of United States dollars.A foreign judgment may be filed in accordance with Chapter 17.1 (§ 8.01-465.1 et seq.) or Chapter 17.2 (§ 8.01-465.13:1 et seq.).A satisfaction or partial payment made upon the foreign judgment, on proof thereof, must be credited against the amount of foreign money specified in the judgment, notwithstanding the entry of judgment in the Commonwealth.A judgment entered on a foreign-money claim only in United States dollars in another state shall be enforced in United States dollars only.1991, c. 24; 2014, c. 462.
VA Code § 8.01-465.24 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.24. Determining United States dollar value of foreign-money claims for limited purposes

For the limited purpose of facilitating the enforcement of provisional remedies in an action, (i) the value in United States dollars of assets to be seized or restrained pursuant to a writ of attachment, garnishment, execution, or other legal process, (ii) the amount of United States dollars at issue for assessing costs, or (iii) the amount of United States dollars involved for a surety bond or other court-required undertaking shall be ascertained by a party seeking the process, costs, bond or other undertaking as follows:1. The amount of the foreign money claimed shall be computed from a bank-offered spot rate prevailing at or near the close of business on the banking day next preceding the filing of (i) a request or application for the issuance of process or for the determination of costs, or (ii) an application for a bond or other court-required undertaking.2. An affidavit or certificate executed in good faith by the party's counsel or a bank officer shall be filed with each request or application, stating the market quotation used and how it was obtained, and setting forth the calculation. Affected court officials incur no liability, after a filing of the affidavit or certificate, for acting as if the judgment were in the amount of United States dollars stated in the affidavit or certificate.Computations under this section are for the limited purposes of the section and do not affect computation of the United States dollar equivalent of the money of the judgment for the purpose of payment.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-465.25 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17.3 - Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act|§ 8.01-465.25. Effect of substitution of currency by issuing authority

If, after an obligation is expressed or a loss is incurred in a foreign money, the country issuing or adopting that money substitutes a new money in place of that money, the obligation or the loss is treated as if expressed or incurred in the new money at the rate of conversion the issuing country establishes for the payment of like obligations or losses denominated in the former money. If such substitution occurs after a judgment or award is entered on a foreign-money claim, the court or arbitrator shall amend the judgment or award by a like conversion of the former money.1991, c. 24.
VA Code § 8.01-466 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 18 - Executions and Other Means of Recovery|§ 8.01-466. Clerk to issue fieri facias on judgment for money

On a judgment for money, it shall be the duty of the clerk of the court in which such judgment was rendered, upon request of the judgment creditor, his assignee or his attorney, to issue a writ of fieri facias at the expiration of twenty-one days from the date of the entry of the judgment and place the same in the hands of a proper person to be executed and take his receipt therefor. The writ shall be issued together with the form for requesting a hearing on a claim of exemption from levy as provided in § 8.01-546.1. For good cause the court may order an execution to issue on judgments and decrees at an earlier period.Code 1950, § 8-399; 1954, c. 620; 1976, c. 354; 1977, c. 617; 1986, c. 341; 1996, cc. 501, 608.
VA Code § 8.01-467 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 18 - Executions and Other Means of Recovery|§ 8.01-467. What writs may not issue

No writ of levari facias, writ of extendi facias, writ of elegit, writ of capias ad satisfaciendum, or writ of distringas shall be issued hereafter.Code 1950, § 8-400; 1977, c. 617; 1984, c. 94.
VA Code § 8.01-468 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 18 - Executions and Other Means of Recovery|§ 8.01-468. Executions against corporations

Such executions as may issue against a natural person may issue against a corporation.Code 1950, § 8-401; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-469 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 18 - Executions and Other Means of Recovery|§ 8.01-469. Executions on joint judgments

When a judgment is against several persons jointly, executions thereon may be joint against all of them.Code 1950, § 8-401; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-470 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 18 - Executions and Other Means of Recovery|§ 8.01-470. Writs on judgments for specific property

On a judgment for the recovery of specific property, a writ of possession for personal property or a writ of eviction for real property may issue for the specific property pursuant to an order of possession entered by a court of competent jurisdiction, which shall conform to the judgment as to the description of the property and the estate, title, and interest recovered, and there may also be issued a writ of fieri facias for the damages or profits and costs. In cases of unlawful entry and detainer and of ejectment, the officer to whom a writ of eviction has been delivered to be executed shall, at least 72 hours before execution, serve notice of intent to execute, including the date and time of execution, as well as the rights afforded to tenants in §§ 55.1-1255 and 55.1-1416, together with a copy of the writ attached, on the defendant in person or, if the party to be served is not found at the specific property for which a writ of eviction has been issued, then service shall be effected by posting a copy of such process at the front door or at such other door as appears to be the main entrance of such property. The execution of the writ of eviction by the sheriff should occur within 15 calendar days from the date the writ of eviction is received by the sheriff, or as soon as practicable thereafter, but in no event later than 30 days from the date the writ of eviction is issued. An order of possession shall remain valid for 180 days from the date granted by the court. If a plaintiff cancels a writ of eviction, such plaintiff may request other writs of eviction during such 180-day period. In cases of unlawful entry and detainer and of ejectment, whenever the officer to whom a writ of eviction has been delivered to be executed finds the premises locked, he may, after declaring at the door the cause of his coming and demanding to have the door opened, employ reasonable and necessary force to break and enter the door and put the plaintiff in possession. The execution of the writ of eviction shall be effective against the tenants named in the writ of eviction and their authorized occupants, guests or invitees, and any trespassers in the premises. And an officer having a writ of possession for specific personal property, if he finds locked or fastened the building or place wherein he has reasonable cause to believe the property specified in the writ is located, may in the daytime, after notice to the defendant, his agent or bailee, break and enter such building or place for the purpose of executing such writ.Code 1950, § 8-402; 1977, c. 617; 1991, c. 503; 2000, c. 640; 2001, c. 222; 2003, c. 259; 2007, c. 128; 2019, cc. 180, 700.