reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 31-2A-13 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part II - Apprenhension and Restraint.|Section 31-2A-13 - (Article 13.) Punishment Prohibited Before Trial.

Section 31-2A-13(Article 13.) Punishment prohibited before trial.  No person, while being held for trial or awaiting a verdict, may be subjected to punishment or penalty other than arrest or confinement upon the charges pending against the person, nor shall the arrest or confinement imposed upon such person be any more rigorous than the circumstances required to insure the person's presence, but the person may be subjected to minor punishment during that period for infractions of discipline. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-14 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part II - Apprenhension and Restraint.|Section 31-2A-14 - (Article 14.) Delivery of Offenders to Civil Authorities.

Section 31-2A-14(Article 14.) Delivery of offenders to civil authorities. A person subject to this code accused of an offense against civil authority is also subject to the Interstate Agreement on Detainers Act, 18 U.S.C. Appendix 2. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-16 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part IV - Court-Martial Jurisdiction.|Section 31-2A-16 - (Article 16.) Courts-Martial Classified.

Section 31-2A-16(Article 16.) Courts-martial classified.  The three kinds of courts-martial in the state military forces are: (1) General courts-martial, consisting of either of the following: a. A military judge and not less than five members. b. Only a military judge, if before the court is assembled the accused, knowing the identity of the military judge and after consultation with defense counsel, requests orally on the record or in writing a court composed only of a military judge and the military judge approves. (2) Special courts-martial, consisting of either of the following: a. A military judge and not less than three members. b. Only a military judge, if one has been detailed to the court, and the accused under the same conditions as those prescribed in paragraph b. of subdivision (1) so requests. (3) Summary courts-martial, consisting of one commissioned officer. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-17 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part IV - Court-Martial Jurisdiction.|Section 31-2A-17 - (Article 17.) Jurisdiction of Courts-Martial in General.

Section 31-2A-17(Article 17.) Jurisdiction of courts-martial in general.  Each component of the Alabama National Guard has court-martial jurisdiction over all members of the particular component who are subject to this code. The Adjutant General maintains court-martial convening authority over members of either component subject to this code. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1; Act 2017-260, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-18 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part IV - Court-Martial Jurisdiction.|Section 31-2A-18 - (Article 18.) Jurisdiction of General Courts-Martial.

Section 31-2A-18(Article 18.) Jurisdiction of general courts-martial. Subject to Section 31-2A-17 (Article 17), general courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code for any offense made punishable by this code, and, under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe, may adjudge any punishment not forbidden by this code. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-19 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part IV - Court-Martial Jurisdiction.|Section 31-2A-19 - (Article 19.) Jurisdiction of Special Courts-Martial.

Section 31-2A-19(Article 19.) Jurisdiction of special courts-martial.  Subject to Section 31-2A-17 (Article 17), special courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code for any offense made punishable by this code, and under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe, may adjudge any punishment not forbidden by this code except dishonorable discharge, dismissal, confinement for more than six months, forfeiture of pay exceeding 24 days, which must be completed within one year. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part IV - Court-Martial Jurisdiction.|Section 31-2A-20 - (Article 20.) Jurisdiction of Summary Courts-martial..

Section 31-2A-20(Article 20.) Jurisdiction of summary courts-martial.. (a) Subject to Section 31-2A-17 (Article 17), summary courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code, except officers, cadets, candidates, and midshipmen, for any offense made punishable by this code under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe. (b) No person with respect to whom summary courts-martial have jurisdiction may be brought to trial before a summary court-martial if that person objects thereto. If objection to trial by summary court-martial is made by an accused, trial by special or general courts-martial may be ordered, as may be appropriate. Summary courts-martial, under such limitations as the Governor may prescribe, may adjudge any punishment not forbidden by this code except dismissal, dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge, confinement, restriction to specified limits for more than two months, or forfeiture of more than 15 days of pay. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part IV - Court-Martial Jurisdiction.|Section 31-2A-21 - (Article 21.) Reserved.

Section 31-2A-21(Article 21.) Reserved.  Reserved. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-22 - (Article 22.) Who May Convene General Courts-Martial.

Section 31-2A-22(Article 22.) Who may convene general courts-martial.  (a) General courts-martial may be convened by any one of the following: (1) The Governor. (2) The Adjutant General. (3) A General Officer who is designated as a commander. (b) If any such commanding officer is an accuser, the court shall be convened by superior competent authority and may in any case be convened by such superior authority if considered desirable by the authority. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-23 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-23 - (Article 23.) Who May Convene Special Courts-Martial.

Section 31-2A-23(Article 23.) Who may convene special courts-martial.  (a) Special courts-martial may be convened by any one of the following: (1) Any person who may convene a general court-martial. (2) The commanding officer of a brigade, regiment, a group, or a corresponding unit of the Army. (3) The commanding officer of a wing, group, or corresponding unit of the Air Force. (4) The commanding officer or officer in charge of any other command when empowered by the Adjutant General. (b) If any such officer is an accuser, the court shall be convened by superior competent authority and may in any case be convened by the superior authority if considered desirable by the authority. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-24 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-24 - (Article 24.) Who May Convene Summary Court-Martial.

Section 31-2A-24(Article 24.) Who may convene summary court-martial.  (a) Summary courts-martial may be convened by any one of the following: (1) Any person who may convene a general or special courts-martial. (2) The commanding officer of a battalion, or corresponding unit of the Army. (3) The commanding officer of a detached squadron or other detachment, or corresponding unit of the Air Force. (4) The commanding officer or officer in charge of any other command when empowered by the Adjutant General. (b) When only one commissioned officer is present with a command or detachment that officer shall be the summary court-martial of that command or detachment and shall hear and determine all summary courts-martial cases. Summary court-martial, however, may be convened in any case by superior competent authority if considered desirable by the authority. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-25 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-25 - (Article 25.) Who May Serve on Courts-Martial.

Section 31-2A-25(Article 25.) Who may serve on courts-martial.  (a) Any commissioned officer of the Alabama National Guard is eligible to serve on all courts-martial for the trial of any person subject to this code. (b) Any warrant officer of the Alabama National Guard is eligible to serve on general and special courts-martial for the trial of any person subject to this code, other than a commissioned officer. (c) Any enlisted member of the state military forces who is not a member of the same unit as the accused is eligible to serve on general and special courts-martial for the trial of any enlisted member subject to this code, but that member shall serve as a member of a court only if, before the conclusion of a session called by the military judge under Section 31-2A-39a (Article 39(a)) prior to trial or, in the absence of such a session, before the court is assembled for the trial of the accused, the accused personally has requested orally on the record or in writing that enlisted members serve on it. After such a request, the accused may not be tried by a general or special court-martial the membership of which does not include enlisted members in a number comprising at least one-third of the total membership of the court, unless eligible enlisted members cannot be obtained on account of physical conditions or military exigencies. If such members cannot be obtained, the court may be assembled and the trial held without them, but the convening authority shall make a detailed written statement, to be appended to the record, stating why they could not be obtained. For the purposes of this article, the term "unit" means any regularly organized body of the state military forces not larger than a company, a squadron, a division of the naval militia, or a body corresponding to one of them. (d) When it can be avoided, no person subject to this code may be tried by a court-martial any member of which is junior to the accused in rank or grade. (e) When convening a court-martial, the convening authority shall detail as members of the court-martial the members of the Alabama National Guard as, in the convening authority's opinion, are best qualified for the duty by reason of age, education, training, experience, length of service, and judicial temperament. No member of the state military forces is eligible to serve as a member of a general or special court-martial when that member is the accuser, a witness, or has acted as investigating officer or as counsel in the same case. (f) Before a court-martial is assembled for the trial of a case, the convening authority may excuse a member of the court from participating in the case. The convening authority may delegate the authority under this subsection to his or her staff judge advocate. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-26 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-26 - (Article 26.) Military Judge of a General or Special Court-Martial.

Section 31-2A-26(Article 26.) Military judge of a general or special court-martial.  (a) A military judge shall be detailed to each general and special court-martial. The military judge shall preside over each open session of the court-martial to which the military judge has been detailed. (b) A military judge shall be all of the following: (1) An active or retired commissioned officer. (2) A member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a state or a member of the bar of a federal court for at least five years. (3) Either a certified military judge or a judge of a court of competent jurisdiction who is approved by the Adjutant General. (c) In the instance when a military judge is not a member of the bar of the highest court of the state, the military judge shall be deemed admitted pro hac vice, subject to filing a certificate with the state judge advocate setting forth such qualifications provided in subsection (b) and with notice and approval of the State Bar and Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. (d) The military judge of a general or special court-martial shall be designated by the state judge advocate, or a designee, for detail by the convening authority. Neither the convening authority nor any staff member of the convening authority shall prepare or review any report concerning the effectiveness, fitness, or efficiency of the military judge so detailed, which relates to performance of duty as a military judge. (e) No person is eligible to act as military judge in a case if that person is the accuser or a witness, or has acted as investigating officer or a counsel in the same case. (f) The military judge of a court-martial may not consult with the members of the court except in the presence of the accused, trial counsel, and defense counsel nor vote with the members of the court. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1; Act 2017-260, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-27 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-27 - (Article 27.) Detail of Trial Counsel and Defense Counsel.

Section 31-2A-27(Article 27.) Detail of trial counsel and defense counsel.  (a)(1) Trial counsel and defense counsel shall be detailed for each general and special court-martial. The Alabama National Guard shall prescribe regulations providing the manner in which counsel are detailed for such court-martial and for persons who are authorized to detail counsel for such court-martial. (2) No person who has acted as investigating officer, military judge, witness, or court member in any case may act later as trial counsel, assistant trial counsel, or, unless expressly requested by the accused, as defense counsel or assistant or associate defense counsel in the same case. No person who has acted for the prosecution may act later in the same case for the defense nor may any person who has acted for the defense act later in the same case for the prosecution. (3) Except as provided in subsection (b), trial counsel or defense counsel detailed for a general or special court-martial must be a judge advocate as defined in subsection (10) of Section 31-2A-1 (Article 1). (b) In the instance when an accused elects to retain civilian counsel at his or her own expense and not at the expense of the government, the counsel shall be a member of the State Bar of Alabama or a member of good standing of a bar of a state and admitted pro hac vice in accordance with the State of Alabama, with notice and approval of the Alabama State Bar and Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-28 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-28 - (Article 28.) Detail or Employment of Reporters and Interpreters.

Section 31-2A-28(Article 28.) Detail or employment of reporters and interpreters.  Under such regulations as may be prescribed, the convening authority of a general or special court-martial or court of inquiry shall detail or employ qualified court reporters, who shall record the proceedings of and testimony taken before that court and may detail or employ interpreters who shall interpret for the court. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-29 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part V - Appointment and Composition of Courts-Martial.|Section 31-2A-29 - (Article 29.) Absent and Additional Members.

Section 31-2A-29(Article 29.) Absent and additional members.  (a) No member of a general or special court-martial may be absent or excused after the court has been assembled for the trial of the accused unless excused as a result of a challenge, excused by the military judge for physical disability or other good cause, or excused by order of the convening authority for good cause. (b) Whenever a general court-martial, other than a general court-martial composed of a military judge only, is reduced below five members, the trial may not proceed unless the convening authority details new members sufficient in number to provide not less than the applicable minimum number of five members. The trial may proceed with the new members present after the recorded evidence previously introduced before the members of the court has been read to the court in the presence of the military judge, the accused, and counsel for both sides. (c) Whenever a special court-martial, other than a special court-martial composed of a military judge only, is reduced below three members, the trial may not proceed unless the convening authority details new members sufficient in number to provide not less than three members. The trial shall proceed with the new members present as if no evidence had been introduced previously at the trial, unless a verbatim record of the evidence previously introduced before the members of the court or a stipulation thereof is read to the court in the presence of the military judge, the accused, and counsel for both sides. (d) If the military judge of a court-martial composed of a military judge only is unable to proceed with the trial because of physical disability, as a result of a challenge, or for other good cause, the trial shall proceed, subject to any applicable conditions of Section 31-2A-16(1)b. or (2)b. (Article 16(1)b. or (2)b.), after the detail of a new military judge as if no evidence had previously been introduced, unless a verbatim record of the evidence previously introduced or a stipulation thereof is read in court in the presence of the new military judge, the accused, and counsel for both sides. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part VI - Pre-Trial Procedure.|Section 31-2A-30 - (Article 30.) Charges and Specifications.

Section 31-2A-30(Article 30.) Charges and specifications.  (a) Charges and specifications shall be signed by a person subject to this code under oath before a commissioned officer authorized by Section 31-2A-136(a) (Article 136(a)) to administer oaths and shall state both of the following: (1) That the signer has personal knowledge of, or has investigated, the matters set forth therein. (2) That the charges and specifications are true in fact to the best of the signer's knowledge and belief. (b) Upon the preferring of charges, the proper authority shall take immediate steps to determine what disposition should be made thereof in the interest of justice and discipline, and the person accused shall be informed of the charges as soon as practicable. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-31 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part VI - Pre-Trial Procedure.|Section 31-2A-31 - (Article 31.) Compulsory Self-Incrimination Prohibited.

Section 31-2A-31(Article 31.) Compulsory self-incrimination prohibited.  (a) No person subject to this code may compel any person to incriminate himself or herself or to answer any question the answer to which may tend to incriminate him or her. (b) No person subject to this code may interrogate or request any statement from an accused or a person suspected of an offense without first informing that person of the nature of the accusation and advising that person that he or she does not have to make any statement regarding the offense of which the person is accused or suspected and that any statement made by the person may be used as evidence against the person in a trial by court-martial. (c) No person subject to this code may compel any person to make a statement or produce evidence before any military court if the statement or evidence is not material to the issue and may tend to degrade the person. (d) No statement obtained from any person in violation of this article or through the use of coercion, unlawful influence, or unlawful inducement may be received in evidence against the person in a trial by court-martial. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-33 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part VI - Pre-Trial Procedure.|Section 31-2A-33 - (Article 33.) Reserved.

Section 31-2A-33(Article 33.) Reserved.  Reserved. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-34 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part VI - Pre-Trial Procedure.|Section 31-2A-34 - (Article 34.) Advice of Judge Advocate and Reference for Trial.

Section 31-2A-34(Article 34.) Advice of judge advocate and reference for trial.  (a) Before directing the trial of any charge by general or special court-martial, the convening authority shall refer it to a judge advocate for consideration and advice. The convening authority may not refer a specification under a charge to a general or special court-martial for trial unless the convening authority has been advised in writing by a judge advocate of all of the following: (1) The specification alleges an offense under this code. (2) The specification is warranted by the evidence indicated in the report of investigation under Section 31-2A-32 (Article 32), if there is such a report. (3) A court-martial would have jurisdiction over the accused and the offense. (b) The advice of the judge advocate under subsection (a) with respect to a specification under a charge shall include a written and signed statement by the judge advocate containing both of the following: (1) Conclusions with respect to each matter set forth in subsection (a). (2) Recommended action that the convening authority should take regarding the specification. If the specification is referred for trial, the recommendation of the judge advocate shall accompany the specification. (c) If the charges or specifications are not correct formally or do not conform to the substance of the evidence contained in the report of the investigating officer, formal corrections, and such changes in the charges and specifications as are needed to make them conform to the evidence, may be made. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)
AL Code § 31-2A-35 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 31 - Military Affairs and Civil Defense.|Chapter 2A - Military Justice.|Part VI - Pre-Trial Procedure.|Section 31-2A-35 - (Article 35.) Service of Charges.

Section 31-2A-35(Article 35.) Service of charges.  The trial counsel shall serve or caused to be served upon the accused a copy of the charges. No person, against the person's objection, may be brought to trial before a general court-martial case within a period of 45 days after the service of charges upon the accused, or in a special court-martial, within a period of 45 days after the service of charges upon the accused. (Act 2012-334, p. 790, §1.)