reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
8 V.S.A. § 7066
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7066. Fraudulent transfer after petition

§ 7066. Fraudulent transfer after petition|(a) After a petition for rehabilitation or liquidation has been filed, a transfer of any of the real property of the insurer made to a person acting in good faith shall be valid against the receiver if made for a present fair equivalent value; or, if not made for a present fair equivalent value, then to the extent of the present consideration actually paid, for which amount the transferee shall have a lien on the property so transferred. The commencement of a proceeding in rehabilitation or liquidation shall be constructive notice upon the recording of a copy of the petition for or order of rehabilitation or liquidation with the recorder of deeds in the county where any real property in question is located. The exercise by a court of the United States or any state or jurisdiction to authorize or effect a judicial sale of real property of the insurer within any county in any state shall not be impaired by the pendency of such a proceeding unless the copy is recorded in the county prior to the consummation of the judicial sale.(b) After a petition for rehabilitation or liquidation has been filed and before either the receiver takes possession of the property of the insurer or an order of rehabilitation or liquidation is granted:  (1) A transfer of any of the property of the insurer, other than real property, made to a person acting in good faith shall be valid against the receiver if made for a present fair equivalent value; or, if not made for a present fair equivalent value, then to the extent of the present consideration actually paid, for which amount the transferee shall have a lien on the property so transferred. (2) A person indebted to the insurer or holding property of the insurer may, if acting in good faith, pay the indebtedness or deliver the property, or any part thereof, to the insurer or upon his or her order, with the same effect as if the petition were not pending. (3) A person having actual knowledge of the pending rehabilitation or liquidation shall be deemed not to act in good faith. (4) A person asserting the validity of a transfer under this section shall have the burden of proof. Except as elsewhere provided in this section, no transfer by or on behalf of the insurer after the date of the petition for liquidation by any person other than the liquidator shall be valid against the liquidator.   (c) Every person receiving any property from the insurer or any benefit thereof which is a fraudulent transfer under subsection (a) of this section shall be personally liable therefore and shall be bound to account to the liquidator.(d) Nothing in this chapter shall impair the negotiability of currency or negotiable instruments. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7068
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7068. Claims of holders of void or voidable rights

§ 7068. Claims of holders of void or voidable rights|(a) No claims of a creditor who has received or acquired a preference, lien, conveyance, transfer, assignment, or encumbrance voidable under this chapter shall be allowed unless he or she surrenders the preference, lien, conveyance, transfer, assignment, or encumbrance. If the avoidance is effected by a proceeding in which a final judgment has been entered, the claim shall not be allowed unless the money is paid or the property is delivered to the liquidator within 30 days from the date of the entering of the final judgment, except that the Court having jurisdiction over the liquidation may allow further time if there is an appeal or other continuation of the proceeding.(b) A claim allowable under subsection (a) of this section by reason of the avoidance, whether voluntary or involuntary, of a preference, lien, conveyance, transfer, assignment, or encumbrance, may be filed as an excused late filing under section 7074 of this title if filed within 30 days from the date of the avoidance, or within the further time allowed by the Court under subsection (a) of this section. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7069
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7069. Setoffs

§ 7069. Setoffs|(a) Mutual debts or mutual credits whether arising out of one or more contracts between the insurer and another person in connection with any action or proceeding under this chapter shall be set off and the balance only shall be allowed or paid, except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section and section 7072 of this title.(b) No setoff or counterclaim shall be allowed in favor of any person where:  (1) the obligation of the insurer to the person would not at the date of the filing of a petition for liquidation entitle the person to share as a claimant in the assets of the insurer; (2) the obligation of the insurer to the person was purchased by or transferred to the person with a view to its being used as a setoff; (3) the obligation of the insurer is owed to an affiliate of such person, or any other entity or association other than the person; (4) the obligation of the person is owed to an affiliate of the insurer, or any other entity or association other than the insurer; (5) the obligation of the person is to pay an assessment levied against the members or subscribers of the insurer, or is to pay a balance upon a subscription to the capital stock of the insurer, or is in any other way in the nature of a capital contribution; (6) the obligation of the person is to pay to the insurer sums held in a fiduciary capacity for the insurer; or (7) the person alone or together with any other member of its insurance company holding system owns 50 percent or more of the voting stock of the insurer.   (c) The receiver shall provide persons with accounting statements identifying debts which are currently due and payable. Where a person owes to the insurer currently due and payable balances, against which the person asserts setoff of mutual credits which may become due and payable from the insurer in the future, the person shall promptly pay to the receiver the currently due and payable amount; provided that, notwithstanding section 7081 of this title, the receiver shall promptly and fully refund, to the extent of the person's prior payments, any mutual credits that become due and payable to the person by the insurer. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. date, see note set below.)
8 V.S.A. § 7070
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7070. Assessments

§ 7070. Assessments|(a) As soon as practicable but not more than two years from the date of an order of liquidation under section 7057 of this title of an insurer issuing assessable policies, the liquidator shall make a report to the Court setting forth:  (1) the reasonable value of the assets of the insurer; (2) the insurer's probable total liabilities; (3) the probable aggregate amount of the assessment necessary to pay all claims of creditors and expenses in full, including expenses of administration and costs of collecting the assessment; and (4) a recommendation as to whether or not an assessment should be made and in what amount.   (b)(1) Upon the basis of the report provided in subsection (a) of this section, including any supplements and amendments, the Superior Court of Washington County may levy one or more assessments against all members of the insurer who are subject to assessment.  (2) Subject to any applicable legal limits on assessability, the aggregate assessment shall be for the amount that the sum of the probable liabilities, the expenses of administration, and the estimated cost of collection of the assessment, exceeds the value of existing assets, with due regard being given to assessments that cannot be collected economically.   (c) After levy of assessment under subsection (b) of this section, the liquidator shall issue an order directing each member who has not paid the assessment pursuant to the order, to show cause why the liquidator should not pursue a judgment therefor.(d) The liquidator shall give notice of the order to show cause by publication and by first class mail to each member liable thereunder mailed to his or her last known address as it appears on the insurer's records, at least 20 days before the return day of the order to show cause.(e)(1) If a member does not appear and serve duly verified objections upon the liquidator on or before the return day of the order to show cause under subsection (c) of this section, the Court shall make an order adjudging the member liable for the amount of the assessment against him or her pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, together with costs, and the liquidator shall have a judgment against the member therefor.  (2) If on or before such return day, the member appears and serves duly verified objections upon the liquidator, the Commissioner may hear and determine the matter or may appoint a referee to hear it and make such order as the facts warrant. In the event that the Commissioner determines that such objections do not warrant relief from assessment, the member may request the Court to review the matter and vacate the order to show cause.   (f) The liquidator may enforce any order or collect any judgment under subsection (e) of this section by any lawful means. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7071
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7071. Reinsurer's liability

§ 7071. Reinsurer's liability|The amount recoverable by the liquidator from reinsurers shall not be reduced as a result of the delinquency proceedings, regardless of any provision in the reinsurance contract or other agreement. Payment made directly to an insured or other creditor shall not diminish the reinsurer's obligation to the insurer's estate except when the reinsurance contract provided for direct coverage of a named insured and the payment was made in discharge of that obligation. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7072
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7072. Recovery of premiums owed

§ 7072. Recovery of premiums owed|(a)(1) An agent, broker, premium finance company, or any other person, other than the insured, responsible for the payment of a premium shall be obligated to pay any unpaid premium for the full policy term due the insurer at the time of the declaration of insolvency, or the inception of the receivership, whichever is sooner, whether earned or unearned, as shown on the records of the insurer. The liquidator shall also have the right to recover from such person any part of an unearned premium that represents commission of such person. Credits or setoffs or both shall not be allowed to an agent, broker, or premium finance company for any amounts advanced to the insurer by the agent, broker, or premium finance company on behalf of, but in the absence of a payment by, the insured.  (2) An insured shall be obligated to pay any unpaid earned premium due the insurer at the time of the declaration of insolvency, or the inception of the receivership, whichever is sooner, as shown on the records of the insurer.   (b) Upon satisfactory evidence of a violation of this section, the Commissioner may pursue either one or both of the following courses of action:  (1) Suspend or revoke or refuse to renew the licenses of such offending party or parties. (2) Impose a penalty of not more than $1,000.00 for each and every act in violation of this section by said party or parties.   (c) Before the Commissioner shall take any action as set forth in subsection (b) of this section, he or she shall give written notice to the person, company, association, or exchange accused of violating the law, stating specifically the nature of the alleged violation; and fixing a time and place, at least ten days thereafter, when a hearing on the matter shall be held. After hearing, or upon failure of the accused to appear at the hearings, the Commissioner, if he or she shall find a violation, shall impose one or both of the penalties provided by subsection (b) of this section as he or she deems advisable.(d) When the Commissioner shall take action in any or all of the ways set out in subsection (b) of this section, the party aggrieved may appeal the Commissioner's decision to the Supreme Court. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7074
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7074. Filing of claims

§ 7074. Filing of claims|(a) Proof of all claims shall be filed with the liquidator in the form required by section 7075 of this title on or before the last day for filing specified in the notice required under section 7061 of this title, except that proof of claims for cash surrender values or other investment values in life insurance and annuities need not be filed unless the liquidator expressly so requires.(b) The liquidator may permit a claimant making a late filing to share in distributions, whether past or future, as if he or she were not late, to the extent that any such payment will not prejudice the orderly administration of the liquidation, under the following circumstances:  (1) the existence of the claim was not known to the claimant and he or she filed the claim as promptly thereafter as reasonably possible after learning of it; (2) a transfer to a creditor was avoided under sections 7065 through 7067 of this title, or was voluntarily surrendered under section 7068 of this title, and the filing satisfies the conditions of section 7068 of this title; or (3) the valuation under section 7080 of this title, of security held by a secured creditor shows a deficiency, which is filed within 30 days after the valuation.   (c) The liquidator shall permit late filing claims to share in distributions, whether past or future, as if they were not late, if such claims are claims of a guaranty association or foreign guaranty association for reimbursement of covered claims paid or expenses incurred, or both, subsequent to the last day for filing where such payments were made and expenses incurred as provided by law.(d) The liquidator may consider any claim filed late which is not covered by subsection (b) of this section, and permit it to receive distributions which are subsequently declared on any claims of the same or lower priority if the payment does not prejudice the orderly administration of the liquidation. The late-filing claimant shall receive, at each distribution, the same percentage of the amount allowed on his or her claim as is then being paid to claimants of any lower priority. This shall continue until his or her claim has been paid in full. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7075
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7075. Proof of claim

§ 7075. Proof of claim|(a) Proof of claim shall consist of a statement signed by the claimant that includes all the following that are applicable:  (1) the particulars of the claim including the consideration given for it; (2) the identity and amount of the security on the claim; (3) the payments made on the debt, if any; (4) that the sum claimed is justly owing and that there is no setoff, counterclaim, or defense to the claim; (5) any right of priority of payment or other specific right asserted by the claimants; (6) a copy of the written instrument which is the foundation of the claim; and (7) the name and address of the claimant and his or her attorney.   (b) No claim need be considered or allowed if it does not contain all the information in subsection (a) of this section. The liquidator may require that a prescribed form be used, and may require that other information and documents be included.(c) At any time the liquidator may request the claimant to present information or evidence supplementary to that required under subsection (a) of this section and may take testimony under oath, require production of affidavits or depositions, or otherwise obtain additional information or evidence.(d) No judgment or order against an insured or the insurer entered after the date of filing of a successful petition for liquidation, and no judgment or order against an insured or the insurer entered at any time by default or by collusion need be considered as evidence of liability or of quantum of damages. No judgment or order against an insured or the insurer entered within four months before the filing of the petition need be considered as evidence of liability or of the quantum of damages.(e) All claims of a guaranty association or foreign guaranty association shall be in such form and contain such substantiation as may be agreed to by the association and the liquidator. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7076
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7076. Special claims

§ 7076. Special claims|(a) The claim of a third party which is contingent only on his or her first obtaining a judgment against the insured shall be considered and allowed as if there were no such contingency.(b) A claim may be allowed even if contingent, if it is filed in accordance with section 7074 of this title. It may be allowed and the claimant may participate in all distributions declared after it is filed to the extent that it does not prejudice the orderly administration of the liquidation.(c) Claims that are due except for the passage of time shall be treated as absolute claims are treated, except that such claims may be discounted at the legal rate of interest.(d) Claims made under employment contracts by directors, principal officers, or persons in fact performing similar functions or having similar functions or having similar powers are limited to payment for services rendered prior to the issuance of any order of rehabilitation or liquidation under section 7052 or 7057 of this title. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7077
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7077. Special provisions for third party claims

§ 7077. Special provisions for third party claims|(a) Whenever any third party asserts a cause of action against an insured of an insurer in liquidation, the third party may file a claim with the liquidator.(b) Whether or not the third party files a claim, the insured may file a claim on his or her own behalf in the liquidation. If the insured fails to file a claim by the date for filing claims specified in the order of liquidation or within 60 days after mailing of the notice required by section 7061 of this title, whichever is later, the insured is an unexcused late filer.(c)(1) The liquidator shall make recommendations to the Court under section 7082 of this title, for the allowance of an insured's claim under subsection (b) of this section after consideration of the probable outcome of any pending action against the insured on which the claim is based, the probable damages recoverable in the action and the probable costs and expenses of defense. After allowance by the Court, the liquidator shall withhold any dividends payable on the claim, pending the outcome of litigation and negotiation with the insured. Whenever it seems appropriate, he or she shall reconsider the claim on the basis of additional information and amend his or her recommendations to the Court. The insured shall be afforded the same notice and opportunity to be heard on all changes in the recommendation as in its initial determination. The Court may amend its allowance as it thinks appropriate. As claims against the insured are settled or barred, the insured shall be paid from the amount withheld the same percentage dividend as was paid on other claims of like property, based on the lesser of:   (A) the amount actually recovered from the insured by action or paid by agreement plus the reasonable costs and expense of defense; or (B) the amount allowed on the claims by the Court.  (2) After all claims are settled or barred, any sum remaining from the amount withheld shall revert to the undistributed assets of the insurer. Delay in final payment under this subsection shall not be a reason for unreasonable delay of final distribution and discharge of the liquidator.   (d) If several claims founded upon one policy are filed, whether by third parties or as claims by the insured under this section, and the aggregate allowed amount of the claims to which the same limit of liability in the policy is applicable exceeds that limit, each claim as allowed shall be reduced in the same proportion so that the total equals the policy limit. Claims by the insured shall be evaluated as under subsection (c) of this section. If any insured's claim is subsequently reduced under subsection (c) of this section, the amount thus freed shall be apportioned ratably among the claims which have been reduced under this subsection.(e) No claim may be presented under this section if it is or may be covered by any guaranty association or foreign guaranty association. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7078
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7078. Disputed claims

§ 7078. Disputed claims|(a) When a claim is denied in whole or in part by the liquidator, written notice of the determination shall be given to the claimant or the claimant's attorney by first class mail at the address shown in the proof of claim. Within 60 days from the mailing of the notice, the claimant may file objections with the liquidator. If no such filing is made, the claimant may not further object to the determination.(b) Whenever objections are filed with the liquidator and the liquidator does not alter his or her denial of the claim as a result of the objections, the liquidator shall ask the Court for a hearing as soon as practicable and give notice of the hearing by first class mail to the claimant or the claimant's attorney and to any other persons directly affected, not less than ten nor more than 30 days before the date of the hearing. The matter may be heard by the Court or by a Court-appointed referee who shall submit findings of fact along with a recommendation. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)
8 V.S.A. § 7079
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 8 - Banking and Insurance|Chapter 145 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation of Insurers|§ 7079. Claims of surety

§ 7079. Claims of surety|Whenever a creditor whose claim against an insurer is secured, in whole or in part, by the undertaking of another person, fails to prove and file that claim, the other person may do so in the creditor's name, and shall be subrogated to the rights of the creditor, whether the claim has been filed by the creditor or by the other person in the creditor's name, to the extent that he or she discharges the undertaking. In the absence of an agreement with the creditor to the contrary, the other person shall not be entitled to any distribution, until the amount paid to the creditor on the undertaking plus the distributions paid on the claim from the insurer's estate to the creditor equals the amount of the entire claim of the creditor. Any excess received by the creditor shall be held by him or her in trust for such other person. The term "other person," as used in this section, does not apply to a guaranty association or foreign guaranty association. (Added 1991, No. 45, § 2, eff. May 29, 1991.)