reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 11-4-204 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 2 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|§ 11-4-204. Methods of Sending and Presenting; Sending Directly to Payor Bank

  A collecting bank shall send items by a reasonably prompt method, taking into consideration relevant instructions, the nature of the item, the number of those items on hand, the cost of collection involved, and the method generally used by it or others to present those items.   A collecting bank may send:   An item directly to the payor bank;   An item to a nonbank payor if authorized by its transferor; and   An item other than documentary drafts to a nonbank payor, if authorized by federal reserve regulation or operating circular, clearing-house rule, or the like.     Presentment may be made by a presenting bank at a place where the payor bank or other payor has requested that presentment be made.    (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 204, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1963, p. 188, § 11; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 6.)   Law reviews.   - For article on the 1963 amendment (Ga. L. 1963, p. 189) to the Georgia Uniform Commercial Code, see 14 Mercer L. Rev. 378 (1963).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, §§ 970, 980, 981.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, § 410.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-204.   ALR.    - Measure of damages for breach of duty by bank in respect to collection of commercial paper, 19 A.L.R. 555; 67 A.L.R. 1511.    Liability of bank taking commercial paper for collection for default of correspondent, 44 A.L.R. 1430; 80 A.L.R. 815.    Trust in proceeds of collections made by charging debtor's account in collecting bank, 47 A.L.R. 761; 77 A.L.R. 473.   Bank's liability for payment or withdrawal on less than required number of signatures, 7 A.L.R.4th 655.
GA Code § 11-4-206 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 2 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|§ 11-4-206. Transfer Between Banks

 Any agreed method that identifies the transferor bank is sufficient for the item's further transfer to another bank.   (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 206, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 6.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 10 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 721. 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 895.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, §§ 45, 46, 408, 409.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-206.   ALR.    - Acceptance of checks by telegraph or telephone, 2 A.L.R. 1146; 13 A.L.R. 989.
GA Code § 11-4-209 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 2 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|§ 11-4-209. Encoding and Retention Warranties

  A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that the information is correctly encoded. If the customer of a depositary bank encodes, that bank also makes the warranty.   A person who undertakes to retain an item pursuant to an agreement for electronic presentment warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that retention and presentment of the item comply with the agreement. If a customer of a depositary bank undertakes to retain an item, that bank also makes this warranty.   A person to whom warranties are made under this Code section and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.     (Code 1981, §11-4-209, enacted by Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 8.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 9, effective July 1, 1996, renumbered former Code Section 11-4-209 as present Code Section 11-4-211 and Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 8 added this Code section.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-209.
GA Code § 11-4-212 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 2 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|§ 11-4-212. Presentment by Notice of Item Not Payable By, Through, or at a Bank; Liability of Drawer or Indorser

  Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through, or at a bank by sending to the party to accept or pay a written notice that the bank holds the item for acceptance or payment. The notice must be sent in time to be received on or before the day when presentment is due and the bank must meet any requirement of the party to accept or pay under Code Section 11-3-501 by the close of the bank's next banking day after it knows of the requirement.   If presentment is made by notice and payment, acceptance, or request for compliance with a requirement under Code Section 11-3-501 is not received by the close of business on the day after maturity or, in the case of demand items by the close of business on the third banking day after notice was sent, the presenting bank may treat the item as dishonored and charge any drawer or indorser by sending it notice of the facts.     (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 210, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Code 1981, §11-4-212, as redesignated by Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 9.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 11, effective July 1, 1996, renumbered former Code Section 11-4-210 as present Code Section 11-4-212 and renumbered former Code Section 11-4-212 as present Code Section 11-4-214.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Peavy v. Bank South, N.A., 222 Ga. App. 501, 474 S.E.2d 690 (1996); Baker v. Campbell, 255 Ga. App. 523, 565 S.E.2d 855 (2002).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, §§ 980, 981.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, § 408 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-212.   ALR.    - Who must bear loss of funds from failure of bank, at which bill or note is payable, during delay in presenting it, 2 A.L.R. 1381.
GA Code § 11-4-213 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 2 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|§ 11-4-213. Medium and Time of Settlement by Bank

  With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by federal reserve regulations or circulars, clearing-house rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of such prescription:   The medium of settlement is cash or credit to an account in a federal reserve bank of or specified by the person to receive settlement; and   The time of settlement is:     If the tender of settlement is not by a medium authorized by subsection (a) of this Code section or the time of settlement is not fixed by subsection (a) of this Code section, no settlement occurs until the tender of settlement is accepted by the person receiving settlement.   If settlement for an item is made by cashier's check or teller's check and the person receiving settlement, before its midnight deadline:   Presents or forwards the check for collection, settlement is final when the check is finally paid; or   Fails to present or forward the check for collection, settlement is final at the midnight deadline of the person receiving settlement.     If settlement for an item is made by giving authority to charge the account of the bank giving settlement in the bank receiving settlement, settlement is final when the charge is made by the bank receiving settlement if there are funds available in the account for the amount of the item.    With respect to tender of settlement by cash, a cashier's check, or a teller's check, when the cash or check is sent or delivered;   With respect to tender of settlement by credit in an account in a federal reserve bank, when the credit is made;   With respect to tender of settlement by a credit or debit to an account in a bank, when the credit or debit is made or, in the case of tender of settlement by authority to charge an account, when the authority is sent or delivered; or   With respect to tender of settlement by a funds transfer, when payment is made pursuant to subsection (a) of Code Section 11-4A-406 to the person receiving settlement.    (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 211, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Code 1981, §11-4-213, as redesignated by Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 10.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 11, effective July 1, 1996, renumbered former Code Section 11-4-211 as present Code Section 11-4-213 and renumbered former Code Section 11-4-213 as present Code Section 11-4-215.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Trading Assocs. v. Trust Co. Bank, 142 Ga. App. 229, 235 S.E.2d 661 (1977).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 986.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, § 393 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-213.
GA Code § 11-4-216 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 2 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|§ 11-4-216. Insolvency and Preference

  If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends payment and the item has not been finally paid, the item must be returned by the receiver, trustee, or agent in charge of the closed bank to the presenting bank or the closed bank's customer.   If a payor bank finally pays an item and suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer or the presenting bank which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the payor bank.   If a payor bank gives or a collecting bank gives or receives a provisional settlement for an item and thereafter suspends payments, the suspension does not prevent or interfere with the settlement's becoming final if the finality occurs automatically upon the lapse of certain time or the happening of certain events.   If a collecting bank receives from subsequent parties settlement for an item, which settlement is or becomes final and the bank suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the collecting bank.     (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 214, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Code 1981, §11-4-216, as redesignated by Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 11.)   Cross references.   - Order of payment of liabilities of financial institution which is liquidated or dissolved and the assets of which are insufficient to pay in full its liabilities, § 7-1-202.   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 11, effective July 1, 1996, renumbered former Code Section 11-4-214 as Code Section 11-4-216.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Pazol v. Citizens Nat'l Bank, 110 Ga. App. 319, 138 S.E.2d 442 (1964).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 10 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 863. 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, §§ 990, 1033 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, §§ 173 et seq., 405 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-216.   ALR.    - Banks: effect of overcertification of check, 2 A.L.R. 86.    Trust in proceeds of collections made by charging debtor's account in collecting bank, 42 A.L.R. 754; 47 A.L.R. 761; 77 A.L.R. 473.    Rights of owners of securities deposited in bank, upon its insolvency, 51 A.L.R. 914; 84 A.L.R. 1534; 126 A.L.R. 625.    Trust or preference in assets of insolvent bank in respect of proceeds of collection as affected by notice or instructions with respect to collection, 90 A.L.R. 6.    Liability of forwarding bank for proceeds of collection by correspondent bank which becomes insolvent after crediting proceeds to account of forwarding bank, 99 A.L.R. 510.    Liability of collecting bank which extends time of payment or accepts renewal, 101 A.L.R. 593.    Failure of bank in which funds have been deposited for payment of coupons as affecting liability of party issuing them, 103 A.L.R. 1265.
GA Code § 11-4-301 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 3 - Collection of Items: Payor Banks|§ 11-4-301. Deferred Posting; Recovery of Payment by Return of Items; Time of Dishonor; Return of Items by Payor Bank

  If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight of the banking day of receipt, the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it:   Returns the item; or   Sends written notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for return.     If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books, it may return the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified in subsection (a) of this Code section.   Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent, an item is dishonored at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or notice sent in accordance with this Code section.   An item is returned:   As to an item presented through a clearing-house, when it is delivered to the presenting or last collecting bank or to the clearing-house or is sent or delivered in accordance with clearing-house rules; or   In all other cases, when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to instructions.      (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 301, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 12.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 970 et seq. 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Bills and Notes, § 351 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, § 397 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-301.   ALR.   - Construction and effect of UCC §§ 4-301 and 4-302 making payor bank accountable for failure to act promptly on item presented for payment, 22 A.L.R.4th 10.
GA Code § 11-4-302 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 3 - Collection of Items: Payor Banks|§ 11-4-302. Payor Bank's Responsibility for Late Return of Item

  If an item is presented to and received by a payor bank, the bank is accountable for the amount of:   A demand item, other than a documentary draft, whether properly payable or not, if the bank, in any case in which it is not also the depositary bank, retains the item beyond midnight of the banking day of receipt without settling for it or, whether or not it is also the depositary bank, does not pay or return the item or send notice of dishonor until after its midnight deadline; or   Any other properly payable item unless, within the time allowed for acceptance or payment of that item, the bank either accepts or pays the item or returns it and accompanying documents.     The liability of a payor bank to pay an item pursuant to subsection (a) of this Code section is subject to defenses based on breach of a presentment warranty (Code Section 11-4-208) or proof that the person seeking enforcement of the liability presented or transferred the item for the purpose of defrauding the payor bank.    (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 302, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 12.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 10 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, §§ 770, 779 et seq. 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, §§ 941, 990. 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Bills and Notes, §§ 341 et seq., 368, 373, 380.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, §§ 328 et seq., 397 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-302.   ALR.    - Duty of bank taking bill or note for collection to see that it is returned if not paid, 6 A.L.R. 618.   Construction and effect of UCC §§ 4-301 and 4-302 making payor bank accountable for failure to act promptly on item presented for payment, 22 A.L.R.4th 10.
GA Code § 11-4-404 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 4 - Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer|§ 11-4-404. Bank Not Obliged to Pay Check More Than Six Months Old

 A bank is under no obligation to a customer having a checking account to pay a check, other than a certified check, which is presented more than six months after its date, but it may charge its customer's account for a payment made thereafter in good faith.   (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 404, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 13.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 899.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, § 328 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-404.   ALR.    - Discharge of endorser by delay in presenting check, 11 A.L.R. 1028.
GA Code § 11-4-405 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 4 - Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer|§ 11-4-405. Death or Incompetence of Customer

  A payor or collecting bank's authority to accept, pay, or collect an item or to account for proceeds of its collection, if otherwise effective, is not rendered ineffective by incompetence of a customer of either bank existing at the time the item is issued or its collection is undertaken if the bank does not know of an adjudication of incompetence. Neither death nor incompetence of a customer revokes the authority to accept, pay, collect, or account until the bank knows of the fact of death or of an adjudication of incompetence and has reasonable opportunity to act on it.   Even with knowledge, a bank may for ten days after the date of death pay or certify checks drawn on or before that date unless ordered to stop payment by a person claiming an interest in the account.    (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 405, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 13.)   Cross references.   - Disposition by bank of deposit of deceased depositor, § 7-1-239.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Bank honoring instrument without knowledge of drawer's death.    - A check does not of itself operate as assignment of any part of drawer's funds deposited with bank upon which it is drawn, but is merely an order upon bank to pay from drawer's account. It may be revoked at any time by drawer before it has been certified, accepted or paid by bank, and is revoked by operation of law ten days after death of drawer although drawee bank is not liable where it has in good faith honored such instrument without knowledge of depositor's death. Lambeth v. Lewis, 114 Ga. App. 191, 150 S.E.2d 462 (1966).    Cited in Holsomback v. Akins, 134 Ga. App. 543, 215 S.E.2d 306 (1975); Stewart v. Citizens & S. Nat'l Bank, 138 Ga. App. 209, 225 S.E.2d 761 (1976).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 894.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, §§ 326, 352 et seq., 383.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-405.   ALR.    - Liability to trustee in bankruptcy of bank paying checks of insolvent depositor before proceedings in bankruptcy, 41 A.L.R. 557.    Liability of bank which pays checks after filing of petition in bankruptcy against drawer, 54 A.L.R. 751.   Insanity of maker, drawer, or endorser as defense against holder in due course, 24 A.L.R.2d 1380.   Effect of incompetency of joint depositor upon status and ownership of bank account, 62 A.L.R.2d 1091.
GA Code § 11-4-501 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 5 - Collection of Documentary Drafts|§ 11-4-501. Handling of Documentary Drafts; Duty to Send for Presentment and to Notify Customer of Dishonor

 A bank that takes a documentary draft for collection shall present or send the draft and accompanying documents for presentment and, upon learning that the draft has not been paid or accepted in due course, shall seasonably notify its customer of the fact even though it may have discounted or bought the draft or extended credit available for withdrawal as of right.   (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 501, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 14.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 993. 67 Am. Jur. 2d, Sales, § 38.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, § 414.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-501.
GA Code § 11-4-502 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 5 - Collection of Documentary Drafts|§ 11-4-502. Presentment of "On Arrival" Drafts

 If a draft or the relevant instructions require presentment "on arrival," "when goods arrive," or the like, the collecting bank need not present until in its judgment a reasonable time for arrival of the goods has expired. Refusal to pay or accept because the goods have not arrived is not dishonor; the bank must notify its transferor of the refusal but need not present the draft again until it is instructed to do so or learns of the arrival of the goods.   (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 502, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 14.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, § 993.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, §§ 328 et seq., 351 et seq., 405 et seq., 414 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-502.
GA Code § 11-4-503 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Part 5 - Collection of Documentary Drafts|§ 11-4-503. Responsibility of Presenting Bank for Documents and Goods; Report of Reasons for Dishonor; Referee in Case of Need

 Unless otherwise instructed and except as provided in Article 5 of this title, a bank presenting a documentary draft:    Must deliver the documents to the drawee on acceptance of the draft if it is payable more than three days after presentment; otherwise, only on payment; and   Upon dishonor, either in the case of presentment for acceptance or presentment for payment, may seek and follow instructions from any referee in case of need designated in the draft or, if the presenting bank does not choose to utilize the referee's services, it must use diligence and good faith to ascertain the reason for dishonor, must notify its transferor of the dishonor and of the results of its effort to ascertain the reasons therefor, and must request instructions.  However, the presenting bank is under no obligation with respect to goods represented by the documents except to follow any reasonable instructions seasonably received; it has a right to reimbursement for any expense incurred in following instructions and to prepayment of or indemnity for those expenses.     (Code 1933, § 109A-4 - 503, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1306, § 14.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 11 Am. Jur. 2d, Banks and Financial Institutions, §§ 993, 996.   C.J.S.   - 9 C.J.S., Banks and Banking, § 414 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4-503.