GA Code § 14-2-1110 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 11 - Merger and Share Exchange|Part 2 - Fair Price Requirements|§ 14-2-1110. Definitions

 As used in this part, the term:    "Affiliate" means a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a specified person.   "Announcement date" means the date of the first general public announcement of the proposal of the business combination.   "Associate," when used to indicate a relationship with any person, means:   Any corporation or organization, other than the corporation or a subsidiary of the corporation, of which such person is an officer, director, or partner or is the beneficial owner of 10 percent or more of any class of equity securities;   Any trust or other estate in which such person has a beneficial interest of 10 percent or more or as to which such person serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity; and   Any relative or spouse of such person, or any relative of such spouse, who has the same home as such person.     "Beneficial owner" means a person shall be considered to be the beneficial owner of any equity securities:   Which such person or any of such person's affiliates or associates owns, directly or indirectly;   Which such person or any of such person's affiliates or associates, directly or indirectly, has:   The right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time, pursuant to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, warrants or options, or otherwise; or   The right to vote pursuant to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding; or     Which are owned, directly or indirectly, by any other person with which such person or any of such person's affiliates or associates has any agreement, arrangement, or understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting, or disposing of equity securities; provided, however, that a person shall not be considered to be a beneficial owner of any equity securities which (i) have been tendered pursuant to a tender or exchange offer made by such person or such person's affiliates or associates until such tendered stock is accepted for purchase or exchange or (ii) such person or such person's affiliates or associates have the right to vote pursuant to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding if the agreement, arrangement, or understanding to vote such stock arises solely from a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a proxy or consent solicitation made to ten or more persons.     "Business combination" means:   Any merger of the corporation or any subsidiary with:   Any interested shareholder; or   Any other corporation, whether or not itself an interested shareholder, which is, or after the merger would be, an affiliate of an interested shareholder that was an interested shareholder prior to the consummation of the transaction;     Any share exchange with (i) any interested shareholder or (ii) any other corporation, whether or not itself an interested shareholder, which is, or after the share exchange would be, an affiliate of an interested shareholder that was an interested shareholder prior to the consummation of the transaction;   Any sale, lease, transfer, or other disposition, other than in the ordinary course of business, in one transaction or in a series of transactions in any 12 month period, to any interested shareholder or any affiliate of any interested shareholder, other than the corporation or any of its subsidiaries, of any assets of the corporation or any subsidiary having, measured at the time the transaction or transactions are approved by the board of directors of the corporation, an aggregate book value as of the end of the corporation's most recently ended fiscal quarter of 10 percent or more of the net assets of the corporation as of the end of such fiscal quarter;   The issuance or transfer by the corporation, or any subsidiary, in one transaction or a series of transactions in any 12 month period, of any equity securities of the corporation or any subsidiary which have an aggregate market value of 5 percent or more of the total market value of the outstanding common and preferred shares of the corporation whose shares are being issued to any interested shareholder or any affiliate of any interested shareholder, other than the corporation or any of its subsidiaries, except pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights to purchase securities offered pro rata to all holders of the corporation's voting shares or any other method affording substantially proportionate treatment to the holders of voting shares;   The adoption of any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the corporation in which anything other than cash will be received by an interested shareholder or any affiliate of any interested shareholder; or   Any reclassification of securities, including any reverse stock split, or recapitalization of the corporation, or any merger of the corporation with any of its subsidiaries, or any share exchange with any of its subsidiaries, which has the effect, directly or indirectly, in one transaction or a series of transactions in any 12 month period, of increasing by 5 percent or more the proportionate amount of the outstanding shares of any class or series of equity securities of the corporation or any subsidiary which is directly or indirectly beneficially owned by any interested shareholder or any affiliate of any interested shareholder.     "Continuing director" means any member of the board of directors who is not an affiliate or associate of an interested shareholder or any of its affiliates, other than the corporation or any of its subsidiaries, and who was a director of the corporation prior to the determination date, and any successor to such continuing director who is not an affiliate or an associate of an interested shareholder or any of its affiliates, other than the corporation or its subsidiaries, and is recommended or elected by a majority of all of the continuing directors.   "Control," including the terms "controlling," "controlled by," and "under common control with," means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise, and the beneficial ownership of shares representing 10 percent or more of the votes entitled to be cast by a corporation's voting shares shall create an irrebuttable presumption of control.   "Corporation," in addition to the definition contained in Code Section 14-2-140, shall include any trust merging with a domestic corporation pursuant to Code Section 53-12-159.   "Determination date" means the date on which an interested shareholder first became an interested shareholder.   "Fair market value" means:   In the case of securities, the highest closing sale price, during the period beginning with and including the determination date and for 29 days prior to such date, of such a security on the principal United States securities exchange registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 on which such securities are listed, or, if such securities are not listed on any such exchange, the highest closing sales price or, if none is available, the average of the highest bid and asked prices reported with respect to such a security, in each case during the 30 day period referred to above, on the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., Automatic Quotation System, or any system then in use, or, if no such quotations are available, the fair market value on the date in question of such a security as determined in good faith at a duly called meeting of the board of directors by a majority of all of the continuing directors, or, if there are no continuing directors, by the entire board of directors; and   In the case of property other than securities, the fair market value of such property on the date in question as determined in good faith at a duly called meeting of the board of directors by a majority of all of the continuing directors, or, if there are no continuing directors, by the entire board of directors of the corporation.     "Interested shareholder" means any person, other than the corporation or its subsidiaries, that:   Is the beneficial owner of 10 percent or more of the voting power of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation; or   Is an affiliate of the corporation and, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10 percent or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting shares of the corporation.  For the purpose of determining whether a person is an interested shareholder, the number of voting shares deemed to be outstanding shall not include any unissued voting shares which may be issuable pursuant to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding, or upon exercise of conversion rights, warrants, or options, or otherwise.      "Net assets" means the amount by which the total assets of a corporation exceed the total debts of the corporation.   "Voting shares" means shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.     (Code 1981, §14-2-1110, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1; Ga. L. 1989, p. 946, § 52; Ga. L. 1999, p. 405, § 9; Ga. L. 2010, p. 579, § 9/SB 131.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Valuation of stock of dissenting stockholders in case of consolidation or merger of corporation, sale of its assets, or the like, 48 A.L.R.3d 430.   Valuation of stock of dissenting stockholders in case of consolidation or merger of corporation, sale of its assets, or the like - equitable remedy of quasi-appraisal, 17 A.L.R.7th 6.