reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 19.2-249 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-249. Offenses committed on boundary of two counties, two cities, or county and city, etc.; where prosecuted

An offense committed on the boundary of two counties, or on the boundary of two cities, or on the boundary of a county and city, or within 300 yards thereof, may be alleged to have been committed, and may be prosecuted and punished, in either county, in either city, or the county or city, and any sheriff, deputy sheriff, or other police officer shall have jurisdiction to make arrests and preserve the peace for a like distance on either side of the boundary line between such counties, such cities, or such county and city.Code 1950, § 19.1-222; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 1978, c. 354; 2003, c. 116.
VA Code § 19.2-249.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-249.1. Offenses committed within towns situated in two or more counties; where prosecuted

An offense or traffic infraction committed within a town situated in two or more counties within the Commonwealth may be alleged to have been committed, and may be prosecuted and punished, in any one of such counties.1984, c. 278.
VA Code § 19.2-249.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-249.2. Venue for prosecution of computer and other crimes

For the purpose of venue, any violation of the Virginia Computer Crimes Act (§ 18.2-152.1 et seq.) or § 18.2-386.1 shall be considered to have been committed in any county or city:1. In which any act was performed in furtherance of any course of conduct that violated any provision listed above;2. In which the owner has his principal place of business in the Commonwealth;3. In which any offender had control or possession of any proceeds of the violation or of any books, records, documents, property, financial instrument, computer software, computer program, computer data, or other material or objects that were used in furtherance of the violation;4. From which, to which, or through which any access to a computer or computer network was made whether by wires, electromagnetic waves, microwaves, optics or any other means of communication;5. In which the offender resides; or6. In which any computer that is an object or an instrument of the violation is located at the time of the alleged offense.2005, cc. 746, 761, 827; 2015, c. 423.
VA Code § 19.2-250 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-250. How far jurisdiction of corporate authorities extends

A. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article and except as provided in subsection B hereof, the jurisdiction of the corporate authorities of each town or city, in criminal cases involving offenses against the Commonwealth, shall extend within the Commonwealth one mile beyond the corporate limits of such town or city; except that such jurisdiction of the corporate authorities of towns situated in counties having a density of population in excess of 300 inhabitants per square mile, or in counties adjacent to cities having a population of 170,000 or more, shall extend for 300 yards beyond the corporate limits of such town or, in the case of the criminal jurisdiction of an adjacent county, for 300 yards within such town.B. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, the jurisdiction of the authorities of Chesterfield County and Henrico County, in criminal cases involving offenses against the Commonwealth, shall extend one mile beyond the limits of such county into the City of Richmond.Code 1950, § 15.1-141; 1962, c. 623; 1975, c. 495; 1978, c. 379; 1998, c. 428; 2007, c. 813.
VA Code § 19.2-251 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-251. When and how venue may be changed

A circuit court may, on motion of the accused or of the Commonwealth, for good cause, order the venue for the trial of a criminal case in such court to be changed to some other circuit court. Such motion when made by the accused may be made in his absence upon a petition signed and sworn to by him.Whenever the mayor of any city, or the sheriff of any county, shall call on the Governor for military force to protect the accused from violence, the judge of the circuit court of the city or county having jurisdiction of the offense shall, upon a petition signed and sworn to by the accused, whether he be present or not, at once order the venue to be changed to the circuit court of a city or county sufficiently remote from the place where the offense was committed to insure the safe and impartial trial of the accused.Code 1950, § 19.1-224; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-252 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-252. Court ordering change of venue may admit accused to bail and recognize witnesses; remand of accused not admitted to bail

When the venue is so changed, the court making the order may admit the accused to bail and shall recognize the witnesses and the accused if admitted to bail and the bail be given, to appear on some certain day before the court to which the case is removed; if the accused be not admitted to bail or the bail required be not given, the court shall remand him to its own jail and order its officer to remove him thence to the jail of the court to which the case is removed, so that he shall be there before the day for the appearance of the witnesses.Code 1950, § 19.1-225; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-253 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-253. Procedure upon and after change of venue

The clerk of the court which orders a change of venue shall certify copies of the recognizances aforesaid and of the record of the case to the clerk of the court to which the case is removed, who shall thereupon issue a venire facias, directed to the officer of such court; and such court shall proceed with the case as if the prosecution had been originally therein; and for that purpose the certified copies aforesaid shall be sufficient.Code 1950, § 19.1-226; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-254 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-254. Arraignment; pleas; when court may refuse to accept plea; rejection of plea agreement; recusal

Arraignment shall be conducted in open court. It shall consist of reading to the accused the charge on which he will be tried and calling on him to plead thereto. In a felony case, arraignment is not necessary when waived by the accused. In a misdemeanor case, arraignment is not necessary when waived by the accused or his counsel, or when the accused fails to appear.An accused may plead not guilty, guilty or nolo contendere. The court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty to any lesser offense included in the charge upon which the accused is arraigned; but, in misdemeanor and felony cases the court shall not refuse to accept a plea of nolo contendere.With the approval of the court and the consent of the Commonwealth, a defendant may enter a conditional plea of guilty in a misdemeanor or felony case in circuit court, reserving the right, on appeal from the judgment, to a review of the adverse determination of any specified pretrial motion. If the defendant prevails on appeal, he shall be allowed to withdraw his plea.Upon rejecting a plea agreement in any criminal matter, a judge shall immediately recuse himself from any further proceedings on the same matter unless the parties agree otherwise.1975, c. 495; 1987, c. 357; 2014, cc. 52, 165.
VA Code § 19.2-254.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-254.1. Procedure in traffic infraction cases

In a traffic infraction case, as defined in § 46.2-100, involving an offense included in the uniform fine schedule established pursuant to § 16.1-69.40:1, a defendant may elect to enter a written appearance and waive court hearing, except in instances in which property damage or personal injury resulted. Arraignment is not necessary when waived by the accused or his counsel, when the accused fails to appear, or when such written appearance has been elected.An accused may plead not guilty, guilty, or nolo contendere; and the court shall not refuse to accept a plea of nolo contendere. A plea of guilty may be entered in writing without court appearance.When an accused tenders payment without executing a written waiver of court hearing and entry of guilty plea, such tender of payment shall itself be deemed a waiver of court hearing and entry of guilty plea.In districts with traffic violations bureaus on July 1, 1977, the chief judge of the district may designate the traffic violations bureau for the receipt of a written appearance, waiver of court hearing and guilty plea.1977, c. 585; 1978, c. 605; 1992, c. 54.
VA Code § 19.2-254.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-254.2. Procedure in nontraffic offenses for which prepayment is authorized

In any prepayable nontraffic offense case as defined in § 16.1-69.40:2 a defendant may elect to enter a written appearance and waive court hearing. Arraignment is not necessary when waived by the accused or his counsel, when the accused fails to appear, or when such written appearance has been elected.An accused may plead not guilty, guilty, or nolo contendere; and the court shall not refuse to accept a plea of nolo contendere. A plea of guilty may be entered in writing without court appearance.When an accused tenders payment without executing a written waiver of court hearing and entry of guilty plea, such tender of payment shall itself be deemed a waiver of court hearing and entry of guilty plea. Likewise when a person charged with a prepayable nontraffic offense fails to enter a written or court appearance, he shall be deemed to have waived court hearing and the case may be heard in his absence. In all other respects prepayable traffic offenses shall be treated as all other misdemeanors.1978, c. 605; 1992, c. 54.
VA Code § 19.2-255 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-255. Defendant allowed to plead several matters of law or fact

The defendant in any criminal prosecution may plead as many several matters, whether of law or fact, as he shall think necessary, and he may file pleas in bar at the same time with pleas in abatement, or within a reasonable time thereafter; but the issues on the pleas in abatement shall be first tried.Code 1950, § 19.1-242; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-256 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-256. Approvers

Approvers shall not be admitted in any case.Code 1950, § 19.1-244; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-257 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-257. Trial without jury in felony cases

Upon a plea of guilty in a felony case, tendered in person by the accused after being advised by counsel, the court shall hear and determine the case without the intervention of a jury; or if the accused plead not guilty, with his consent after being advised by counsel and the concurrence of the attorney for the Commonwealth and of the court entered of record, the court shall hear and determine the case without the intervention of a jury. In such cases the court shall have and exercise all the powers, privileges and duties given to juries by any statute relating to crimes and punishments.Code 1950, § 19.1-192; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-258 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-258. Trial of misdemeanors by court without jury; failure to appear deemed waiver of jury

In all cases of a misdemeanor upon a plea of guilty, tendered in person by the accused or his counsel, the court shall hear and determine the case without the intervention of a jury. If the accused plead not guilty, in person or by his counsel, the court, in its discretion, with the concurrence of the accused and the attorney for the Commonwealth, may hear and determine the case without the intervention of a jury. In each instance the court shall have and exercise all the powers and duties vested in juries by any statute relating to crimes and punishments.When a person charged with a misdemeanor has been admitted to bail or released upon his own recognizance for his appearance before a court of record having jurisdiction of the case, for a hearing thereon and fails to appear in accordance with the condition of his bail or recognizance, he shall be deemed to have waived trial by a jury and the case may be heard in his absence as upon a plea of not guilty.Code 1950, § 19.1-193; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-258.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-258.1. Trial of traffic infractions; measure of proof; failure to appear

For any traffic infraction cases tried in a district court, the court shall hear and determine the case without the intervention of a jury. For any traffic infraction case appealed to a circuit court, the defendant shall have the right to trial by jury. The defendant shall be presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.When a person charged with a traffic infraction fails to enter a written or court appearance, he shall be deemed to have waived court hearing and the case may be heard in his absence, after which he shall be notified of the court's finding; however, the court shall not issue a warrant for his failure to appear pursuant to § 46.2-938.1977, c. 585; 1978, c. 605; 1989, c. 705; 2001, c. 414; 2020, cc. 964, 965.
VA Code § 19.2-259 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-259. On trial for felony, accused to be present; when court may enter plea for him, and trial go on

A person tried for felony shall be personally present during the trial. If when arraigned he will not plead or answer and does not confess his guilt the court shall have the plea of not guilty entered and the trial shall proceed as if the accused had put in that plea. But for the purposes of this section a motion for a continuance, whether made before or after arraignment, shall not be deemed to be part of the trial.Code 1950, § 19.1-240; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-260 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-260. Provisions of Title 8.01 apply except as provided in this article

Except as otherwise provided in this article, trial by jury in criminal cases shall be regulated as provided for in Chapter 11 (§ 8.01-336 et seq.) of Title 8.01.1975, c. 495; 1977, c. 624.
VA Code § 19.2-261 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-261. Charging grand jury in presence of person selected as juror

The court shall not charge the grand jury in the presence of any person selected as a juror to try any person indicted by the said grand jury. A violation of this provision shall constitute reversible error in any criminal case tried by a jury composed of one or more such veniremen.Code 1950, § 8-208.20; 1973, c. 439; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-262 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-262. Waiver of jury trial; numbers of jurors in criminal cases; how jurors selected from panel

A. In any criminal case in which trial by jury is dispensed with as provided by law, the whole matter of law and fact shall be heard and judgment given by the court. In appeals from juvenile and domestic relations district courts, the infant, through his guardian ad litem or counsel, may waive a jury.B. Twelve persons from a panel of not less than 20 shall constitute a jury in a felony case. Seven persons from a panel of not less than 13 shall constitute a jury in a misdemeanor case.C. The parties or their counsel, beginning with the attorney for the Commonwealth, shall alternately strike off one name from the panel until the number remaining shall be reduced to the number required for a jury.D. In any case in which persons indicted for felony are tried jointly, if counsel or the accused are unable to agree on the full number to be stricken, or, if for any other reason counsel or the accused fail or refuse to strike off the full number of jurors allowed such party, the clerk shall place in a box ballots bearing the names of the jurors whose names have not been stricken and shall cause to be drawn from the box such number of ballots as may be necessary to complete the number of strikes allowed the party or parties failing or refusing to strike. Thereafter, if the opposing side is entitled to further strikes, they shall be made in the usual manner.Code 1950, § 8-208.21; 1973, c. 439; 1974, c. 611; 1975, cc. 495, 578; 1979, c. 230; 1997, cc. 516, 518; 2005, c. 356.
VA Code § 19.2-262.01 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-262.01. Voir dire examination of persons called as jurors

In any criminal case, the court and counsel for either party shall have the right to examine under oath any person who is called as a juror therein and shall have the right to ask such person or juror directly any relevant question to ascertain whether the juror can sit impartially in either the guilt or sentencing phase of the case. Such questions may include whether the person or juror is related to either party, has any interest in the cause, has expressed or formed any opinion, or is sensible of any bias or prejudice therein. The court and counsel for either party may inform any such person or juror as to the potential range of punishment to ascertain if the person or juror can sit impartially in the sentencing phase of the case. The party objecting to any juror may introduce competent evidence in support of the objection, and if it appears to the court that the juror does not stand indifferent in the cause, another shall be drawn or called and placed in his stead for the trial of that case.A juror, knowing anything relative to the fact in issue, shall disclose the same in open court.2020, cc. 157, 588.
VA Code § 19.2-262.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-262.1. Joinder of defendants

On motion of the Commonwealth, for good cause shown, the court shall order persons charged with participating in contemporaneous and related acts or occurrences or in a series of acts or occurrences constituting an offense or offenses, to be tried jointly unless such joint trial would constitute prejudice to a defendant. If the court finds that a joint trial would constitute prejudice to a defendant, the court shall order severance as to that defendant or provide such other relief justice requires.1993, cc. 462, 489; 1997, c. 518.
VA Code § 19.2-263.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-263.1. Contact between judge and juror prohibited

No judge shall communicate in any way with a juror in a criminal proceeding concerning the juror's conduct or any aspect of the case during the course of the trial outside the presence of the parties or their counsel.1985, c. 176.
VA Code § 19.2-263.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-263.2. Jury instructions

A proposed jury instruction submitted by a party, which constitutes an accurate statement of the law applicable to the case, shall not be withheld from the jury solely for its nonconformance with model jury instructions.1992, c. 522.
VA Code § 19.2-263.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-263.3. Juror information confidential

A. The court may, upon motion of either party or its own motion, and for good cause shown, issue an order regulating the disclosure of the name and home address of a juror who has been impaneled in a criminal trial to any person, other than to counsel for either party or a pro se defendant. For the purposes of this subsection, good cause shown includes, but is not limited to, a determination by the court that there is a likelihood of bribery, tampering, or physical injury to or harassment of a juror if his personal information is disclosed. An order regulating the disclosure of information may be modified, and the names and home addresses of the jurors in a criminal case may be disseminated to a person having a legitimate interest or need for the information, with restrictions upon its use and further dissemination as may be deemed appropriate by the court.B. Additional personal information of a juror who has been impaneled in a criminal case shall be released only to the counsel for the defendant, a pro se defendant, and the attorney for the Commonwealth. The court may, upon motion of either party or its own motion, and for good cause shown, issue an order authorizing the disclosure of any additional personal information of a juror to any other person. Such order may be modified and may place restrictions on the use and further dissemination of such disclosed information.C. In addition to the provisions of this section, the Supreme Court shall prescribe and publish rules that provide for the protection of the name, home address, and additional personal information of a juror in a criminal trial.D. For purposes of this section, "additional personal information" means any information other than name and home address collected by the court, clerk, or jury commissioner at any time about a person who is selected to sit on a criminal jury and includes, but is not limited to, a juror's age, occupation, business address, telephone numbers, email addresses, and any other identifying information that would assist another in locating or contacting the juror.2008, c. 538; 2017, c. 753.
VA Code § 19.2-264 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-264. When jury need not be kept together in felony case; sufficient compliance with requirement that jury be kept together

In any case of a felony the jury shall not be kept together unless the court otherwise directs. Whenever a jury is required to be kept together, it shall be deemed sufficient compliance although the court for good cause permits one or more of such jurors to be separated from the others; provided all such jurors, whether separated or not, be kept in charge of officers provided therefor.Code 1950, §§ 8-208.31, 8-208.32; 1973, c. 439; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-264.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-264.1. Views by juries

The jury in any criminal case may, at the request of either the attorney for the Commonwealth or any defendant, be taken to view the premises or place in question, or any property, matter or thing relating to the case, when it shall appear to the court that such view is necessary to a just decision.Code 1950, § 8-216; 1977, c. 624.
VA Code § 19.2-264.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-264.6. through 19.2-264.14

Not effective pursuant to Acts 2020, c. 1167, cl. 3.2020, c. 1167.
VA Code § 19.2-265 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 15 - Trial and Its Incidents|§ 19.2-265. Opening statement of counsel

On the trial of any case of felony or misdemeanor and before any evidence is submitted on either side, the attorney for the Commonwealth and counsel for the accused, respectively, shall have the right to make an opening statement of their case.Code 1950, § 19.1-245; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.