reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MN Stat § 490A.02 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 490A — Board On Judicial Standards|Section 490A.02 — Judicial Standards Board; Powers.

490A.02 JUDICIAL STANDARDS BOARD; POWERS. Subdivision 1. Judicial disqualification. A judge is disqualified from acting as a judge, without a loss of salary, while there is pending an indictment or any information charging the judge with a crime that is punishable as a felony under either Minnesota law or federal law, or while there is pending a recommendation to the supreme court by the Board on Judicial Standards for the judge's removal or retirement. Subd. 2. Judicial suspension. On receipt of a recommendation of the Board on Judicial Standards or on its own motion, the supreme court may suspend a judge from office without salary when the judge pleads guilty to or no contest to or is found guilty of a crime that is punishable as a felony under either Minnesota law or federal law or any other crime that involves moral turpitude. If the conviction is reversed, the suspension terminates and the judge must be paid a salary for the period of suspension. If the judge is suspended and the conviction becomes final, the supreme court shall remove the judge from office. Subd. 3. Judicial disability. On receipt of a recommendation of the Board on Judicial Standards, the supreme court may retire a judge for a disability that the court determines seriously interferes with the performance of the judge's duties and is or is likely to become permanent, and censure or remove a judge for an action or inaction that may constitute persistent failure to perform the judge's duties, incompetence in performing the judge's duties, habitual intemperance, or conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice that brings the judicial office into disrepute. Subd. 4. Authority to reopen matters. The board is specifically empowered to reopen any matter wherein any information or evidence was previously precluded by a statute of limitations or by a previously existing provision of time limitation. Subd. 5. Retirement status. (a) A judge who is retired by the supreme court must be considered to have retired voluntarily. (b) This section and section 490A.01 must not affect the right of a judge who is suspended, retired, or removed hereunder from qualifying for any pension or other retirement benefits to which the judge would otherwise be entitled by law to receive. Subd. 6. Eligibility for judicial office; practice law. A judge removed by the supreme court is ineligible for any future service in a judicial office. The question of the right of a removed judge to practice law in this state must be referred to the proper authority for review. Subd. 7. Supreme court rules. The supreme court shall make rules to implement this section. History:   2006 c 271 art 11 s 45
MN Stat § 490A.03 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 490A — Board On Judicial Standards|Section 490A.03 — Persons Affected.

490A.03 PERSONS AFFECTED. The provisions of sections 490A.01 and 490A.02 apply to all judges, judicial officers, and referees. History:   2006 c 271 art 11 s 46
MN Stat § 491A.03 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 491A — Conciliation Court|Section 491A.03 — Judges; Administrator; Reporter; Supplies.

491A.03 JUDGES; ADMINISTRATOR; REPORTER; SUPPLIES. Subdivision 1. Judges; referees. The judges of district court may serve as judges of conciliation court. The chief judge of the district may appoint one or more suitable persons to act as referees in conciliation court; the chief judge of the district shall establish qualifications for the office, specify the duties and length of service of referees, and fix their compensation. Subd. 2. Administrator. The court administrator of the district court shall serve as the court administrator of conciliation court. The court administrator shall account for and pay over to the appropriate official all fees received by the court administrator. Subd. 3. Court reporter. Each court reporter appointed by a judge of district court shall, at the request of the judge, assist that judge in performing the judge's duties as conciliation court judge. A court reporter may not take official notes of any trial or proceedings in conciliation court. Subd. 4. Quarters; supplies. The county in which the court is established shall provide suitable quarters for the court. Except as otherwise provided by law, all expenses for necessary blanks, stationery, books, furniture, furnishings, and other supplies for the use of the court and the officers of the court shall be included in the budget for the court administrator's office provided by the county board pursuant to section 485.018, subdivision 6. History:  1993 c 192 s 98; 1993 c 321 s 4; 2009 c 59 art 3 s 3; 2009 c 83 art 2 s 33
MN Stat § 494.01 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 494 — Community Dispute Resolution|Section 494.01 — Community Dispute Resolution Program.

494.01 COMMUNITY DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROGRAM. Subdivision 1. Definition. For purposes of this chapter, "dispute resolution" means a process voluntarily entered by parties in disagreement using mediation or arbitration to reconcile the parties' differences. Subd. 2. Establishment; administration. The state court administrator shall administer the dispute resolution program. Subd. 3.  [Repealed, 1991 c 321 s 11] Subd. 4. Reports. The state court administrator shall compile statistical data regarding community dispute resolution programs, including the operation budget, the number of referrals, categories or types of cases referred, number of parties served, number of disputes resolved, nature of resolution, amount and type of awards, rate of compliance, returnees to the dispute resolution process, duration and estimated costs of proceedings, and any other pertinent information. Subd. 5.  [Repealed, 1991 c 321 s 11] History:  1984 c 654 art 2 s 133; 1Sp1985 c 13 s 363; 1986 c 444; 1990 c 584 s 1,2
MN Stat § 494.015 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 494 — Community Dispute Resolution|Section 494.015 — Program And Training Guidelines; Certification.

494.015 PROGRAM AND TRAINING GUIDELINES; CERTIFICATION. Subdivision 1. Guidelines. The state court administrator shall adopt guidelines for use by community dispute resolution programs and training programs for mediators and arbitrators for the community dispute resolution programs. The guidelines must include provisions to ensure that participation in dispute resolution is voluntary, procedures for case processing, and program certification criteria that must be met to receive court referrals. The guidelines must include: (1) standards for training mediators and arbitrators to recognize matters involving violence against a person; and (2) training in family law matters that must be completed by mediators before acceptance of postdissolution property distribution matters and postdissolution parenting time matters. Subd. 2. Certification. The state court administrator shall certify programs that meet the requirements for certification set under subdivision 1. History:  1990 c 584 s 3; 1991 c 321 s 5; 2000 c 444 art 2 s 12
MN Stat § 494.02 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 494 — Community Dispute Resolution|Section 494.02 — Confidentiality Of Communications.

494.02 CONFIDENTIALITY OF COMMUNICATIONS. Any communication relating to the subject matter of the dispute by any participant during dispute resolution shall not be used as evidence against a participant in a judicial or administrative proceeding. This shall not preclude the use of evidence obtained by other independent investigation. History:   1984 c 654 art 2 s 134
MN Stat § 494.03 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 494 — Community Dispute Resolution|Section 494.03 — Exclusions.

494.03 EXCLUSIONS. The guidelines shall exclude: (1) any dispute involving violence against persons, in which incidents arising out of situations that would support charges under sections 609.221 to 609.2231, 609.342 to 609.345, 609.365, or any other felony charges; (2) any matter involving competency or civil commitment; (3) any matter involving a person who has been adjudicated incompetent or relating to guardianship or conservatorship unless the incompetent person is accompanied by a competent advocate or the respondent in a guardianship or conservatorship matter is represented by an attorney, guardian ad litem, or other representative appointed by the court; (4) any matter involving neglect or dependency, or involving termination of parental rights arising under sections 260C.301 to 260C.328; and (5) any matter arising under section 626.557 or sections 144.651 to 144.652, or any dispute subject to chapters 518 and 518B, whether or not an action is pending, except for postdissolution property distribution matters and postdissolution parenting time matters. This shall not restrict the present authority of the court or departments of the court from accepting for resolution a dispute arising under chapters 518 and 518B, or from referring disputes arising under chapters 518 and 518A to for-profit mediation. History:  1984 c 654 art 2 s 135; 1986 c 351 s 3; 1Sp1986 c 3 art 1 s 68; 1991 c 321 s 6; 1995 c 226 art 2 s 7; 1999 c 139 art 4 s 2; 2000 c 444 art 2 s 13
MN Stat § 494.04 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 494 — Community Dispute Resolution|Section 494.04 — Grant Programs.

494.04 GRANT PROGRAMS. Subdivision 1. Authority. The state or a municipality may contract with or make grants to a person carrying out a community dispute resolution program for the furnishing of program services provided by the person. The community dispute resolution program may be established under this chapter or otherwise. The grants may be in amounts as the state or municipality considers necessary or proper to assist in carrying out the purposes of this chapter. Subd. 2. Municipality defined. For the purposes of this section, "municipality" means a statutory or home rule charter city or a county. History:   1987 c 117 s 1
MN Stat § 494.05 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 480 - 494 — Judiciary|Chapter 494 — Community Dispute Resolution|Section 494.05 — Grants.

494.05 GRANTS. Subdivision 1. Eligibility requirements. A community dispute resolution program is not eligible for a grant under this section unless it: (1) complies with this chapter and the guidelines and rules adopted under this chapter; (2) is certified by the state court administrator under section 494.015, subdivision 2; (3) demonstrates that at least one-half of its annual budget will be derived from sources other than the state; (4) documents evidence of support within its service area by community organizations, administrative agencies, and judicial and legal system representatives; and (5) is exempt or has applied for exemption from federal taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or is administered and funded by a city, county, or court system as a distinct, identifiable unit that has a separate and distinguishable operating budget. Subd. 2. Funding. Grants under this section must be used for the costs of operating approved programs. A program is eligible to receive an amount of money equal to one-half of its estimated annual budget, but not more than $25,000 a year. Subd. 3.  [Repealed, 1997 c 7 art 2 s 67] History:  1990 c 584 s 4; 1994 c 636 art 8 s 10
MN Stat § 500.01 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.01 — Division As To Quantity.

500.01 DIVISION AS TO QUANTITY. Estates in lands are divided into estates of inheritance, estates for life, estates for years, and estates at will and by sufferance. History:  (8032) RL s 3191
MN Stat § 500.02 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.02 — Estates Of Inheritance.

500.02 ESTATES OF INHERITANCE. Every estate of inheritance shall continue to be termed a fee simple, or fee; and every such estate, when not defeasible or conditional, shall be a fee simple absolute or an absolute fee. History:  (8033) RL s 3192
MN Stat § 500.03 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.03 — Effect Of Conveyance To Grantee In Fee Tail.

500.03 EFFECT OF CONVEYANCE TO GRANTEE IN FEE TAIL. In all cases where any person, if this chapter had not been passed, would at any time hereafter become seized in fee tail of any lands, tenements, or hereditaments by virtue of any devise, gift, grant, or other conveyance heretofore made, or hereafter to be made, or by any other means, such person, instead of becoming seized thereof in fee tail, shall be deemed and adjudged to be seized thereof as in fee simple. History:  (8034) RL s 3193
MN Stat § 500.04 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.04 — Conveyance By Owner Of Fee Tail Estate.

500.04 CONVEYANCE BY OWNER OF FEE TAIL ESTATE. Where lands, tenements, or hereditaments heretofore have been devised, granted, or otherwise conveyed by a tenant in tail, and the person to whom such devise, grant, or other conveyance has been made, or that person's heirs or assigns, have from the time such devise took effect, or from the time such grant or conveyance was made, to the day of passing this chapter, been in the uninterrupted possession of such lands, tenements, or hereditaments, and claiming and holding the same under or by virtue of such devise, grant, or other conveyance, they shall be deemed as good and legal to all intents and purposes as if such tenant in tail had, at the time of making such devise, grant, or other conveyance, been seized in fee simple of such lands, tenements, or hereditaments, any law to the contrary notwithstanding. History:  (8035) RL s 3194; 1986 c 444
MN Stat § 500.05 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.05 — Division Of Realty Or Personalty.

500.05 DIVISION OF REALTY OR PERSONALTY. Estates of inheritance and for life shall be denominated estates of freehold; estates for years shall be denominated chattels real; and estates at will or by sufferance shall be chattel interests, but shall not be liable as such to sale on execution. An estate for the life of a third person, whether limited to heirs or otherwise, shall be deemed a freehold only during the life of the grantee or devisee, but after the death of the grantee or devisee it shall be deemed a chattel real. History:  (8036, 8037) RL s 3195, 3196; 1986 c 444
MN Stat § 500.06 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.06 — Division As To Time.

500.06 DIVISION AS TO TIME. Estates, as respects the time of their enjoyment, are divided into estates in possession and estates in expectancy. History:  (8038) RL s 3197
MN Stat § 500.07 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.07 — Estates In Possession.

500.07 ESTATES IN POSSESSION. An estate in possession is where the owner has an immediate right to the possession of the land; an estate in expectancy is where the right to the possession is postponed to a future period. History:  (8038) RL s 3197
MN Stat § 500.08 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.08 — Estates In Expectancy.

500.08 ESTATES IN EXPECTANCY. Estates in expectancy are divided into, (1) reversions, and (2) estates commencing at a future day, denominated future estates. All expectant estates, except such as are enumerated and defined in this chapter, are abolished. History:  (8039, 8072) RL s 3198, 3231
MN Stat § 500.09 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.09 — Reversions.

500.09 REVERSIONS. A reversion is the residue of an estate left in the grantor, or the grantor's heirs, or in the heirs of a testator, commencing in possession on the determination of a particular estate granted or devised. History:  (8042) RL s 3201; 1986 c 444
MN Stat § 500.10 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.10 — Future Estate; Statutory Remainders.

500.10 FUTURE ESTATE; STATUTORY REMAINDERS. A future estate is an estate limited to commence in possession at a future day, either without the intervention of a precedent estate, or on the determination, by lapse of time or otherwise, of a precedent estate created at the same time. History:  (8040) RL s 3199
MN Stat § 500.11 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.11 — Future Estates; Inclusiveness.

500.11 FUTURE ESTATES; INCLUSIVENESS. Subdivision 1. Common law remainders. When a future estate is dependent upon a precedent estate, it may be termed a remainder, and may be created and transferred by that name. When a remainder on an estate for life or for years is not limited on a contingency defeating or avoiding such precedent estate, it shall be construed as intended to take effect only on the death of the first taker, or at the expiration, by lapse of time, of such term of years. Subd. 2. Conditional limitations; shifting interests. A remainder may be limited on a contingency which, in case it should happen, will operate to abridge or determine the precedent estate; and every such remainder shall be construed a conditional limitation, and have the same effect as such limitation would have by law. Subd. 3. Springing interests. Subject to the rules established in this chapter, a freehold estate, as well as a chattel real, may be created to commence at a future day; an estate for life may be created in a term of years, and a remainder limited thereon. History:  (8041, 8054, 8057, 8059) RL s 3200, 3213, 3216, 3218
MN Stat § 500.12 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.12 — Future Estates; Contingent.

500.12 FUTURE ESTATES; CONTINGENT. Future estates are either vested or contingent. They are contingent while the person to whom, or the event upon which, they are limited to take effect remains uncertain. History:  (8043) RL s 3202; 1943 c 69 s 1
MN Stat § 500.14 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.14 — Future Estates Construed; Validity; Creating Instruments.

500.14 FUTURE ESTATES CONSTRUED; VALIDITY; CREATING INSTRUMENTS. Subdivision 1. Failure of heirs or issue. Unless a different intent is effectively manifested, whenever property is limited upon the death of any person without "heirs" or "heirs of the body" or "issue" general or special, or "descendants" or "offspring" or "children" or any such relative described by other terms, the limitation is to take effect only when that person dies not having such relative living at the time of the person's death, or in gestation and born alive thereafter, and is not a limitation to take effect upon the indefinite failure of such relatives; nor, unless a different intent is effectively manifested, does the limitation mean that death without such relative is restricted in time to the lifetime of the creator of the interest. Subd. 2. Alternative future estates. Two or more future estates may also be created, to take effect in the alternative, so that if the first in order fails to vest the next in succession shall be substituted for it, and take effect accordingly. Subd. 3. Probability of contingency. No future estate, otherwise valid, shall be void on the ground of the probability or improbability of the contingency on which it is limited to take effect. Subd. 4. Certain remainders vest by purchase. When a remainder is limited to the heirs, or heirs of the body, of a person to whom a life estate in the same premises is given, the persons who, on the termination of the life estate, are the heirs or heirs of the body of such tenant for life shall be entitled to take as purchasers, by virtue of the remainder so limited to them. No conveyance, transfer, devise, or bequest of an interest, legal or equitable, in real or personal property, shall fail to take effect by purchase because limited to a person or persons, howsoever described, who would take the same interest by descent or distribution. Subd. 5. Posthumous children as remainderpersons. When a future estate is limited to heirs, or issue, or children, posthumous children shall be entitled to take in the same manner as if living at the death of their parent. Subd. 6. Posthumous birth averts "death without issue." A future estate, depending on the contingency of the death of any person without heirs or issue or children, shall be defeated by the birth of a posthumous child of such person capable of taking by descent. History:  (8052-1, 8055, 8056, 8058, 8060, 8061) RL s 3211, 3214, 3215, 3217, 3219, 3220; 1939 c 90; 1939 c 378; 1986 c 444
MN Stat § 500.15 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.15 — Future Estates; Protection From Destructibility Rules.

500.15 FUTURE ESTATES; PROTECTION FROM DESTRUCTIBILITY RULES. Subdivision 1. Owner's destruction of precedent estate. No expectant estate can be defeated or barred by any alienation or other act of the owner of the intermediate or precedent estate, nor by any destruction of such precedent estate, by disseisin, forfeiture, surrender, merger, or otherwise. Subd. 2. Exception. Subdivision 1 shall not be construed to prevent an expectant estate from being defeated in any manner, or by any act or means, which the party creating such estate has, in the creation thereof, provided or authorized; nor shall an expectant estate thus liable to be defeated be on that ground adjudged void in its creation. Subd. 3. Premature determination of precedent estate. No remainder, valid in its creation, shall be defeated by the determination of the precedent estate before the happening of the contingency on which the remainder is limited to take effect; but, should such contingency afterward happen, the remainder shall take effect in the same manner and to the same extent as if the precedent estate had continued to the same period. History:  (8062, 8063, 8064) RL s 3221, 3222, 3223
MN Stat § 500.16 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 500 - 515B — Property And Property Interests|Chapter 500 — Estates In Real Property|Section 500.16 — Expectant Estates: Descendible, Devisable, Alienable.

500.16 EXPECTANT ESTATES: DESCENDIBLE, DEVISABLE, ALIENABLE. Expectant estates are descendible, devisable, and alienable in the same manner as estates in possession; and hereafter contingent rights of reentry for breach of conditions subsequent, and rights to possession for breach of conditions subsequent after breach but before entry made, and possibilities of reverter, shall be descendible, devisable, and alienable in the same manner as estate in possession. History:  (8065) RL s 3224; 1937 c 487 s 2