CO Code § 25.5-10-221 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 25.5 - Health Care Policy and Financing|Article 10 - Community Living|Part 2 - Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities|§ 25.5-10-221. Right to Humane Treatment

  Corporal punishment of persons with an intellectual and developmental disability is not permitted.    All service agencies shall prohibit mistreatment, exploitation, neglect, or abuse in any form of any person receiving services.    Service agencies shall provide every person receiving services with a humane physical environment.    Each person receiving services must be attended to by qualified staff in numbers sufficient to provide appropriate services and supports.    Seclusion, defined as the placement of a person receiving services alone in a closed room for the purpose of punishment, is prohibited.    “Time out” procedures, defined as separation from other persons receiving services and group activities, may be employed under close and direct professional supervision, as defined by rule by the state board, and only as a technique in behavior-shaping programs. Behavior-shaping programs utilizing a “time out” procedure may be implemented only when it incorporates a positive approach designed to result in the acquisition of adaptive behaviors. Such behavior programs may only be implemented following the completion of a comprehensive functional analysis, when alternative nonrestrictive procedures have been proven to be ineffective, and only with the informed consent of the person, parents, or legal guardian. Such behavior programs may be implemented only following the review and approval process defined in rules. Behavior development programs must be developed in conjunction with the interdisciplinary team and implemented only following review by the human rights committee. Behavior development programs involving the use of the procedure in a “time out room” are prohibited.    Behavior development programs involving the use of aversive or noxious stimuli are prohibited.    Physical restraint, defined as the use of manual methods intended to restrict the movement or normal functioning of a portion of a person's body through direct contact by staff, may be employed only when necessary to protect the person receiving services from injury to self or others. Physical restraint may not be employed as punishment, for the convenience of staff, or as a substitute for a program of services and supports. Physical guidance or prompting techniques of short duration such as those employed in training techniques are not considered physical restraint. Physical restraint may be applied only if alternative techniques have failed and only if such restraint imposed the least possible restriction consistent with its purpose. If physical restraint is used in an emergency or on a continuing basis its use shall be reviewed by the interdisciplinary team and the human rights committee in accordance with the rules of the state board.    The use of a mechanical restraint, defined as the use of mechanical devices intended to restrict the movement or normal functioning of a portion of a person's body, is subject to special review and oversight, as defined in rules. Use of mechanical restraints may be applied only in an emergency if alternative techniques have failed and in conjunction with a behavior development program. Mechanical restraints must be designed and used so as not to cause physical injury to the person receiving services and so as to cause the least possible discomfort. The use of mechanical restraints shall be reviewed by the human rights committee. The use of posey vests, straight jackets, ankle and wrist restraints, and other devices defined in rules is prohibited.    A record must be maintained of all physical injuries to any person receiving services, all incidents of mistreatment, exploitation, neglect, or abuse, and all uses of physical or mechanical restraint. All records are subject to review by the human rights committee.    Behavior development programs must be supervised by an intellectual and developmental disabilities professional having specific knowledge and skills to develop and implement positive behavioral intervention strategies.     History. Source: L. 2013: Entire article added with relocations,(HB 13-1314), ch. 323, p. 1772, § 1, effective March 1, 2014.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 27-10.5-115 as it existed prior to 2013.   ANNOTATION   A school district is not a “service agency” within the meaning of this article. A.B. v. Adams-Arapahoe 28J Sch. Dist., 831 F. Supp. 2d 1226 (D. Colo. 2011 ) (decided under former law).