reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 27-13-37 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-37 - Alteration, Supplementation, and Amendment of Rating Systems.

Section 27-13-37Alteration, supplementation, and amendment of rating systems. A rating organization, or any insurer making its own rates, may, with the approval of the commissioner, from time to time, alter, supplement, or amend its rating systems, or any part thereof, by filing with the department copies of such alterations, supplements, or amendments, together with a statement of the reason, or reasons, for such alteration, supplement, or amendment. If such alteration, supplement, or amendment shall have the effect of increasing or decreasing rates, the commissioner shall determine whether the rates as altered thereby are reasonable, adequate, and not unfairly discriminatory. If the commissioner shall determine that the rates as so altered are not unreasonably high, or inadequate or unfairly discriminatory, he shall make an order approving them. If he shall find that the rates as altered are unreasonable, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory, he shall issue an order disapproving such alteration, supplement, or amendment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, but subject to the provisions of Section 27-13-30, to the extent not inconsistent with this section, when a filing of adjustments of rates for existing classifications of risks does not involve a change in the relationship between such rates and the expense portion thereof, or does not involve a change of the element of expenses which are paid as a percentage of premiums or does not involve a change in rate relativities among such classifications on any basis other than loss experience, such filing shall become effective upon the date, or dates, specified in the filing and shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this title. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §17; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §274.)
AL Code § 27-13-38 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-38 - Prohibition Against Premiums Not in Accord With Approved Rating Systems.

Section 27-13-38Prohibition against premiums not in accord with approved rating systems. No insurer, or employee thereof, and no broker or agent shall knowingly charge, demand, or receive a premium for any policy of insurance except in accordance with the respective rating systems on file with, and approved by, the commissioner. No insurer, or employee thereof, and no broker or agent shall pay, allow or give, or offer to pay, allow or give, directly or indirectly, as an inducement to insurance or after insurance has been effected, any rebate, discount, abatement, credit, or reduction of the premium named in a policy of insurance, or any special favor or advantage in the dividends, or other benefits to accrue thereon or any valuable consideration or inducement whatever not specified in the policy of insurance, except to the extent that such rebate, discount, abatement, credit, reduction, favor, advantage, or consideration may be provided for in rating systems filed by, or on behalf of, such insurer and approved by the commissioner. No insured named in a policy of insurance, nor any employee of such insured, shall knowingly receive or accept, directly or indirectly, any such rebate, discount, abatement, or reduction of premium or any such special favor, or advantage, or valuable consideration, or inducement. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as prohibiting the payment of commissions or other compensation to regularly appointed and licensed agents and to brokers duly licensed by this state nor as prohibiting any participating insurer from distributing to its policyholders dividends, savings or the unused, or unabsorbed, portion of premiums and premium deposits. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §18; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §275.)
AL Code § 27-13-39 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-39 - False or Misleading Information Concerning Rates.

Section 27-13-39False or misleading information concerning rates. No insurer, and no officer, agent, or employee thereof, shall give false or misleading information to any rating organization of which it is a member or subscriber or to the department which will in any manner affect the proper determination of reasonable, adequate, and nondiscriminatory rates. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §19; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §276.)
AL Code § 27-13-40 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-40 - Suspension of License or Certificate of Authority.

Section 27-13-40Suspension of license or certificate of authority. Any rating organization which violates any provisions of this article shall be subject to suspension of its license, and any insurer making its own rates which violates any provision of this article shall be subject to suspension of its certificate of authority to do business in this state. Failure of a rating organization, or insurer making its own rates, to comply with the provisions of any order of the commissioner within 30 days after such order, or any extension thereof as the commissioner may, in his discretion, grant shall automatically suspend the license of such rating organization or insurer. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §20; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §277.)
AL Code § 27-13-41 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-41 - Order Revoking or Suspending Licenses.

Section 27-13-41Order revoking or suspending licenses. If the commissioner shall find, after due notice and hearing, that any rating organization, insurer, officer, agent, or representative thereof has willfully violated any of the provisions of this article, he may issue an order revoking or suspending the license of any such insurer, agent, broker, or representative thereof. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §21; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §278.)
AL Code § 27-13-42 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-42 - Notices, Hearings, and Orders by Commissioner.

Section 27-13-42Notices, hearings, and orders by commissioner. The commissioner shall not make any order under the provisions of this article without giving every rating organization and insurer who may be affected thereby reasonable notice and a hearing, if hearing is requested. All hearings provided for in this article shall be held at such time and place as shall be designated in a notice which shall be given in writing by registered or certified mail to such rating organization and insurer, or the officers, agents, and representatives thereof, which may be affected thereby, at least 30 days before the date designated therein, which notice shall state the subject of the order. At the conclusion of such hearing, or within 30 days thereafter, the commissioner shall make such order, or orders, as he may deem necessary in accordance with his findings. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §23; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §280.)
AL Code § 27-13-43 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-43 - Review of Final Orders of Commissioner.

Section 27-13-43Review of final orders of commissioner. Any final order made by the commissioner as provided by law may, upon appropriate petition filed by the Attorney General on behalf of the state or by any interested party, at any time within 30 days from the date of said order, be reviewed by the Circuit Court of Montgomery County, Alabama, on a writ of certiorari. Upon the filing of such petition, the petitioner shall file with the register or clerk of said court a bond, with good and sufficient sureties, to be approved by the register or clerk, conditioned to pay all costs which may be assessed against the petitioner in such proceedings. The Circuit Court of Montgomery County, Alabama, or the Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama, on appeal to it, may affirm said order or modify or repeal the same, in whole or in part. From the judgment of the Circuit Court of Montgomery County, Alabama, either the state or the interested party taking the appeal may appeal directly to the Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama, within 42 days from the entry of the judgment; the interested party so appealing to the Court of Civil Appeals shall give security for costs of such appeal to be approved by the register or clerk of said court. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §24; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §281.)
AL Code § 27-13-44 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-44 - Delegation of Authority by Commissioner.

Section 27-13-44Delegation of authority by commissioner. Whenever, under the provisions of this article, the commissioner is authorized or required to do any act, he may designate an assistant, or any salaried employee of the department, to act in his place and stead, who shall report to the commissioner and advise the commissioner on the nature of the matter delegated. The commissioner shall make such order, based upon such advice and report, as he shall, in his discretion, determine, and such order shall have the same force and effect as if the commissioner had acted thereon personally. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §26; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §283.)
AL Code § 27-13-45 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 2 - Fire, etc., and Inland Marine Insurance.|Section 27-13-45 - Penalty for Violation of Article.

Section 27-13-45Penalty for violation of article. Any rating organization, any insurer, officer, agent, or representative thereof failing to comply with, or otherwise willfully violating, any of the provisions of this article shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than $100.00 nor more than $500.00. (Acts 1945, No. 132, p. 133, §22; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §279.)
AL Code § 27-13-60 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-60 - Definitions.

Section 27-13-60Definitions. For the purposes of this article, unless otherwise stated, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively ascribed to them by this section: (1) RATE. The unit charge by which the measure of exposure or the amount of insurance specified in a policy of insurance or covered thereunder is multiplied to determine the premium. (2) PREMIUM. The consideration paid or to be paid to an insurer for the issuance and delivery of any binder or policy of insurance. (3) RATE-MAKING. The examination and analysis of every factor and influence related to and bearing upon the hazard and risk made the subject of insurance; the collection and collation of such factors and influences into rating plans; systems; and the application of such rating systems to individual risks. (4) RATING PLAN. Every schedule, class, classification, rule, guide, standard, manual, table, rating plan, policy, policy form, or compilation by whatever name described, containing the rates used by any rating organization or by any insurer, or used by any insurer or by any rating organization in determining and ascertaining a rate. (5) RATING ORGANIZATION. Every person or persons, corporation, partnership, company, society, bureau, or association, whether located within or outside this state, engaged in the business of rate-making for two or more insurers. (6) INSURER. Any person or persons, corporation, association, partnership, reciprocal exchange or company authorized by the laws of this state to transact the business of insurance in this state. (7) CASUALTY INSURANCE. As used herein this term is to be construed in its generally accepted trade sense. (8) UNREASONABLY HIGH RATE. No rate shall be held to be unreasonably high unless: a. Such rate is unreasonably high for the insurance provided; and b. A reasonable degree of competition does not exist in the area with respect to the classification to which such rate is applicable. (9) INADEQUATE RATE. No rate shall be held to be inadequate which upon reasonable assumptions of prospective loss and expense experience will produce an underwriting profit. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §1; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §284.)
AL Code § 27-13-61 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-61 - Applicability of Article.

Section 27-13-61Applicability of article. The provisions of this article shall apply to all lines of casualty insurance, including workmen's compensation, employer's liability, fidelity, surety, and guaranty bonds, and all other kinds of insurance which casualty and surety insurance companies are authorized to write in this state, except reinsurance, aviation insurance, and accident and health insurance. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §2; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §285.)
AL Code § 27-13-62 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-62 - Rating Organizations - License; Application Therefor; Renewal Thereof; Fee for Same.

Section 27-13-62Rating organizations - License; application therefor; renewal thereof; fee for same. No rating organization shall do business in this state until it shall have been licensed to do so by the commissioner. Application for such license shall be made on such forms as the commissioner shall prepare for that purpose. Upon applying for such license, every rating organization shall file with the department: (1) A copy of its constitution, its articles of agreement or association, or its certificate of incorporation and of its bylaws or rules governing the conduct of its business or such of the foregoing, if any, as such rating organization may have; (2) A list of insurers who are or, who have agreed to, become members of, or subscribers to, such rating organization; (3) The name and address of a person, or persons, in this state upon whom notices or orders of the commissioner affecting such rating organization may be served; and (4) Such other information as the commissioner may require. If the commissioner finds that the applicant for license:  (1) Has complied with the provisions of this article; (2) Is equipped with an adequate staff of experts and clerks qualified in rate-making; and (3) Is otherwise qualified to function as a rating organization, he shall issue a license to such rating organization authorizing it to engage in rate-making for the kinds of insurance or subdivision thereof specified in such license.   If the commissioner shall determine that the applicant is not entitled to a license, he shall make an order denying its application, specifying his reasons for such denial. Licenses issued pursuant to this section shall be renewed on, or before, July 1, of each year in the manner provided by this article. Every rating organization doing business in this state on January 1, 1972, may continue to transact such business thereafter, subject to the provisions of this article, pending its application to the department, to be made within 180 days after January 1, 1972, for a license to do business as required by this section. A fee of $25.00 shall be paid annually to the department for such license issued under this section. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §3; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §286.)
AL Code § 27-13-63 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-63 - Rating Organizations - Provisions for Insurers to Become Members or Subscribers.

Section 27-13-63Rating organizations - Provisions for insurers to become members or subscribers. Every rating organization shall make reasonable provision in its bylaws, rules, constitution, or otherwise to permit any insurer engaged in the kind of insurance for which rate-making is done by such rating organization to become a member or subscriber to its rating services for any kind of insurance, or subdivisions thereof, upon application therefor by such insurer. No rating organization shall discriminate unfairly between insurers in the condition imposed for admission as subscribers or in the services rendered to either members or subscribers. No rating organization shall adopt any rule the effect of which would be to prohibit or regulate the payment of dividends, savings or unabsorbed premium deposits allowed or returned by insurers to their policyholders, members or subscribers. The refusal of any rating organization to admit an insurer as a subscriber shall, at the request of such insurer, be reviewed by the commissioner at a hearing held upon at least 10 days' notice to such rating organization and such insurer. If the commissioner shall find that the insurer has been refused admittance to such rating organization as a subscriber without justification, he shall make an order directing such rating organization to admit such insurer as a subscriber. If he shall find that the action of the rating organization in refusing admittance to an insurer as a subscriber is justified, he shall make an order affirming its action. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §287.)
AL Code § 27-13-64 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-64 - Rating Organizations - Admission, Withdrawal, Expulsion, or Readmission of Members or Subscribers.

Section 27-13-64Rating organizations - Admission, withdrawal, expulsion, or readmission of members or subscribers. Every rating organization shall notify the department within 10 days upon the admission, withdrawal, or expulsion therefrom of any member or subscriber. Should a rating organization expel or otherwise exclude a subscriber for the refusal or failure of such subscriber to pay such rating organization the subscribership charges agreed upon, such rating organization shall readmit such subscriber upon payment to it of any delinquent charges. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §15; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §298.)
AL Code § 27-13-65 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-65 - Rate-Making and Making Rating Plans.

Section 27-13-65Rate-making and making rating plans. Every rating organization and every insurer which makes its own rates shall make rates that are not unreasonably high or inadequate for the safety and soundness of the insurer and which do not unfairly discriminate between risks in this state and shall, in rate-making and in making rating plans: (1) Adopt basis classifications, which shall be used as the basis of all manual, minimum, class, schedule, or experience rates; (2) Give consideration to past experience within the state and without the state, when necessary, and due consideration may be given to prospective loss experience within the state and without the state, when necessary, over such period of years as appears to be fairly representative of the frequency of the occurrence of the particular risk; and (3) Give consideration to all factors reasonably related to the kind of insurance involved, including a reasonable profit for the insurer and, in the case of participating insurers, to policyholders' dividends. The systems of expense provisions included in the rates for use by insurers or groups of insurers may differ from those of other insurers or groups of insurers to reflect the requirements of the operating methods of any such insurer or group with respect to any kind of insurance, or any subdivision or combination thereof, for which the commissioner approves the application of separate expense provisions. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §5; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §288.)
AL Code § 27-13-66 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-66 - Annual Statistical Reports of Insurers; Exchange of Information; Rules and Regulations.

Section 27-13-66Annual statistical reports of insurers; exchange of information; rules and regulations. Every insurer shall file annually on, or before, July 1, with the rating organization of which it is a member or subscriber, or with such other common agency representing a group of insurers as the department may approve, and with the department a statistical report showing its premiums and its losses on all kinds of insurance to which this article is applicable, together with such other information as the department may deem necessary for the proper determination of the reasonableness and adequacy of rates. Such statistical report filed with the rating organization may be consolidated and filed by such common agency. Such data shall be kept and reports made in such manner and on such forms as may be prescribed by the commissioner. All such annual filings with the department shall be kept under lock and key, and any official or employee of the department who shall divulge the contents or permit the examination thereof, except for the purpose of properly administering the provisions of this article or upon the order of court, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $50.00 and shall thereafter be ineligible to be an employee or agent of said department. Reasonable rules and plans may be promulgated by the commissioner, after consultation with all insurers and rating organizations affected thereby, for the interchange of loss experience necessary for the application of rating plans. In order to further uniform administration of rating laws, the commissioner and every insurer and rating organization may exchange information and experience data with insurance supervisory officials, insurers, and rating organizations in other states and may consult and cooperate with them with respect to rate-making and the application of rating systems. The commissioner may make reasonable rules and regulations necessary to effect the purposes of this article. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §6; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §289.)
AL Code § 27-13-67 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 13 - Rates and Rating Organizations.|Article 3 - Casualty and Surety Insurance.|Section 27-13-67 - Filing of Rating Plans With Department by Insurers - Requirement.

Section 27-13-67Filing of rating plans with department by insurers - Requirement. Beginning 180 days after January 1, 1972, every insurer shall, before using or applying any rate to any kind of insurance coming within the scope of this article, file with the department a copy of the rating plan upon which such rate is based or by which such rate is fixed or determined. The filing required in this section may be made on behalf of such insurer by a rating organization of which such insurer is a member or subscriber. From and after the date of the filing of such rating plans, every insurer shall charge and receive rates fixed or determined in strict conformity therewith, except as in this article otherwise expressly provided. (Acts 1945, No. 133, p. 145, §7; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §290.)