reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 46-8-24 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 2 - Powers and Duties of Commission as to Railroad Companies Generally|§ 46-8-24. Inspection by Commission of Contracts and Agreements Between Railroad Companies; Disapproval of Agreements; Inclusion in Agreements of Rates Exceeding Rates Fixed by Commission

 All contracts and agreements as to freight and passenger rates between railroad companies doing business in this state shall be submitted to the commission for inspection and correction so that it may be ascertained whether or not such contracts and agreements are in violation of the laws of this state, of the Constitution of Georgia, or of the rules and regulations of the commission. All arrangements and agreements whatever as to the division of earnings of any kind by competing railroad companies doing business in this state shall be submitted to the commission for inspection and approval, insofar as such arrangements and agreements affect rules and regulations made by the commission to secure to all persons doing business with such companies just and reasonable freight and passenger rates. The commission may make such rules and regulations as to such contracts and agreements as may be then deemed necessary and proper. Any such agreements not approved by the commission, or by virtue of which rates are charged exceeding the rates fixed by the commission for freight and passengers, shall be deemed to be violations of Article III, Section VI, Paragraph V(c) of the Constitution of Georgia and shall be illegal and void.   (Ga. L. 1878-79, p. 125, § 8; Code 1882, § 719h; Civil Code 1895, § 2193; Civil Code 1910, § 2638; Code 1933, § 93-303; Ga. L. 1983, p. 3, § 62.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, § 249.   ALR.    - Power of public service commission to require railroad or street railway to extend its line or build new line to new territory, 2 A.L.R. 983; 30 A.L.R. 73.    Constitutionality of statutes providing for consolidation or merger of public utility corporations, 66 A.L.R. 1568.
GA Code § 46-8-25 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 2 - Powers and Duties of Commission as to Railroad Companies Generally|§ 46-8-25. Inspection of Railroads by Commission; Requiring Repair of Railroads; Allotment of Reasonable Time for Repairs; Effect of Code Section on Liability of Railroads

 The commission, upon complaint, shall inspect any railroad or any part of any railroad in this state. If the railroad is found to be in an unsafe or dangerous condition, the commission shall require the same to be put and kept in such condition as will render travel over the same safe and expeditious. Reasonable time shall be given the railroad authorities in which to accomplish the work or repairs required under this Code section. This Code section shall not limit or affect the liability of railroads in cases of injury or damage to persons or property.   (Ga. L. 1890-91, p. 150, § 1; Civil Code 1895, § 2194; Civil Code 1910, § 2639; Code 1933, § 93-316.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Commission may act upon own motion.    - Former Code 1933, § 93-316 (see O.C.G.A. § 46-8-25), while making certain actions on the part of the commission compulsory upon a complaint, does not preclude the commission from fulfilling the same responsibility on its own motion. 1980 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 80-36.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 13 Am. Jur. 2d, Carriers, § 36. 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, §§ 152, 159, 161.
GA Code § 46-8-101 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 4 - Powers of Companies Generally|§ 46-8-101. Through 46-8-103

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 2/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - These Code sections were based on Orig. Code 1863, § 691; Code 1868, § 753; Code 1873, § 719; Code 1882, § 719; Ga. L. 1892, p. 37, § 13; Civil Code 1895, §§ 1865, 2174, 2233; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2229, 2592, 2686; Code 1933, §§ 94-306, 94-312, 94-313; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 46.
GA Code § 46-8-104 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 4 - Powers of Companies Generally|§ 46-8-104. Power of Railroad Companies to Cross Other Railroads in Order to Reach Minerals, Timber, or Other Materials

 Any railroad company chartered by the General Assembly, and also any person or persons or any company owning or operating a public or private railroad in this state, shall, when necessary to reach minerals, timber, or other materials, have the right to cross any other railroad at grade points or at any other point where such crossing will not obstruct the other road, or, if necessary, by means of a tunnel or bridge, said tunnel or bridge being absolutely secure.   (Ga. L. 1870, p. 428, § 1; Code 1873, § 705; Code 1882, § 705; Civil Code 1895, § 2219; Ga. L. 1899, p. 31, § 1; Civil Code 1910, § 2671; Code 1933, § 94-501.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, § 166 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 74 C.J.S., Railroads, §§ 119 et seq., 303 et seq.   ALR.    - Right of railroad at crossing to construct and maintain piers, pillars, or abutments within street or highway, 62 A.L.R. 1519.    Extent and character of use of farm or other private crossing over railroad right of way, 139 A.L.R. 460.   Liability of railroad for injury or damage resulting from motor vehicle striking bridge or underpass because of insufficient vertical clearance, 67 A.L.R.2d 1364.
GA Code § 46-8-105 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 4 - Powers of Companies Generally|§ 46-8-105. Through 46-8-109

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 2/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - These Code sections were based on Ga. L. 1892, p. 37, §§ 9, 14; Ga. L. 1894, p. 65, § 1; Civil Code 1895, §§ 2167, 2168, 2177; Ga. L. 1899, p. 31, § 2; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2585, 2586, 2595, 2672; Code 1933, §§ 94-303 - 94-305, 94-316, 94-328, 94-329, 94-502; Ga. L. 1933, p. 235, §§ 1, 2.
GA Code § 46-8-121 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 5 - Construction, Improvement, and Repair of Rail Lines, Depots, and Roads|§ 46-8-121. Acquisition of Property by Companies; Approval by Commission as Prerequisite to Exercise of Power of Eminent Domain

 Authority and power are granted to railroad companies to acquire by purchase or gift and to hold such real estate as may be necessary for all of the purposes mentioned in Code Section 46-8-120. If the real estate cannot be acquired by purchase or gift, then it may be acquired by condemnation in the manner provided in Title 22, provided that the right of condemnation under this Code section shall not be exercised until the commission, under such rules of procedure as it may provide, first approves the taking of the property.   (Ga. L. 1914, p. 144, §§ 1, 2; Code 1933, §§ 94-321, 94-322.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 26 Am. Jur. 2d, Eminent Domain, §§ 20, 23, 51, 123, 137. 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, §§ 39, 42 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 29A C.J.S., Eminent Domain, § 33. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, §§ 133 et seq., 147, 148 et seq.   ALR.    - Assessment of railroad right of way for local improvements, 37 A.L.R. 219; 82 A.L.R. 425.    Condemnation of premises or part thereof as affecting rights of landlord and tenant inter se, 163 A.L.R. 679.   Condemner's waiver, surrender, or limitation, after award, of rights or part of property acquired by condemnation, 5 A.L.R.2d 724.   Spur track and the like as constituting a use for which railroad can validly exercise right of eminent domain, 35 A.L.R.2d 1326.   Right to intervene in court review of zoning proceeding, 46 A.L.R.2d 1059.   Admissibility, in eminent domain proceeding, of evidence as to price paid for condemned real property during pendency of the proceeding, 55 A.L.R.2d 781.   Admissibility, in eminent domain proceeding, of evidence as to price paid for condemned real property on sale prior to the proceeding, 55 A.L.R.2d 791.   Right of adjoining landowners to intervene in condemnation proceedings on ground that they might suffer consequential damage, 61 A.L.R.2d 1292.   What constitutes abandonment of a railroad right of way, 95 A.L.R.2d 468.   Eminent domain: right of owner of land not originally taken or purchased as part of adjacent project to recover, on enlargement of project to include adjacent land, enhanced value of property by reason of proximity to original land - state cases, 95 A.L.R.3d 752.   Eminent domain: recovery of value of improvements made with knowledge of impending condemnation, 98 A.L.R.3d 504.   State statute of limitations applicable to inverse condemnation or similar proceedings by landowner to obtain compensation for direct appropriation of land without the institution or conclusion of formal proceedings against specific owner, 26 A.L.R.4th 68.
GA Code § 46-8-122 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 5 - Construction, Improvement, and Repair of Rail Lines, Depots, and Roads|§ 46-8-122. Effect of Code Sections 46-8-120 and 46-8-121 on Other Powers and Authority Granted to Railroad Companies

 The powers and authority conferred by Code Sections 46-8-120 and 46-8-121 are in addition to the powers and authority which railroad companies may have by virtue of their charters or by virtue of the general laws of this state.   (Ga. L. 1914, p. 144, § 3; Code 1933, § 94-323.)
GA Code § 46-8-125 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 5 - Construction, Improvement, and Repair of Rail Lines, Depots, and Roads|§ 46-8-125. Change of General Direction and Route of Railroad

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 3/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Ga. L. 1892, p. 37, § 12; Civil Code 1895, § 2171; Ga. L. 1903, p. 36, § 1; Civil Code 1910, § 2589; Code 1933, § 94-309; Ga. L. 2004, p. 631, § 46.
GA Code § 46-8-127 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 5 - Construction, Improvement, and Repair of Rail Lines, Depots, and Roads|§ 46-8-127. Regulation of Distance Between Tracks With the Same Terminal Points

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 3/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Ga. L. 1892, p. 37, § 15; Ga. L. 1895, p. 60, § 1; Civil Code 1895, § 2176; Civil Code 1910, § 2594; Code 1933, § 94-315.
GA Code § 46-8-128 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 5 - Construction, Improvement, and Repair of Rail Lines, Depots, and Roads|§ 46-8-128. Obstructions Located at Crossing; Disrepair of Crossing; Removal of Obstruction or Repair of Crossing by County Upon Failure of Company to Remove Obstruction or Repair Crossing

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2002, p. 1050, § 7, effective July 1, 2002.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Laws 1838, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 956; Code 1863, §§ 685, 686, 687, 688, 689; Code 1868, §§ 747, 748, 749, 750, 751; Code 1873, §§ 713, 714, 715, 716, 717; Code 1882, §§ 713, 714, 715, 716, 717; Ga. L. 1894, p. 37, § 1; Civil Code 1895, §§ 2227, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2680, 2681, 2682, 2683, 2684; Code 1933, §§ 94-512, 94-513, 94-514, 94-515, 94-516; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 46.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, §§ 360, 366.   C.J.S.   - 74 C.J.S., Railroads, §§ 331, 826, 827.
GA Code § 46-8-129 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 5 - Construction, Improvement, and Repair of Rail Lines, Depots, and Roads|§ 46-8-129. Through 46-8-132

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 3/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - These Code sections were based on Ga. L. 1889, p. 158, §§ 1-3; Civil Code 1895, §§ 2243-2246; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2699-2702; Code 1933, §§ 94-601 - 94-604.
GA Code § 46-8-133 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 5 - Construction, Improvement, and Repair of Rail Lines, Depots, and Roads|§ 46-8-133. Alteration of Railroad Tracks, Bridges, and Other Structures to Accommodate Motor Vehicles

 No railroad, railroad company, railway company, or person, firm, or corporation operating any line of railway in this state shall be required by the commission, or otherwise, to alter its tracks at any underpass, railroad trestle, or bridge; to alter the grade of any public road or highway at any such underpass, railroad trestle, or bridge; or to otherwise relay or reconstruct any portion of its tracks, or other structures, or any portion of any public road or highway, in order to accommodate any motor vehicle exceeding 12 feet six inches in height.   (Ga. L. 1941, p. 449, § 10.)   Cross references.   - Railroad grade crossings generally, § 32-6-190 et seq.
GA Code § 46-8-230 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 7 - Special Officers for Protection of Railroad Property|§ 46-8-230. Appointment of Officers by Governor; Power of Arrest; Source of Compensation

 Upon the application of the president or resident executive officer of any railroad corporation operating and doing business in this state as a common carrier, the Governor may appoint one or more persons as special officers for the protection of the property and interest of such corporation, with powers to make arrests, provided that such special officers must be paid by the corporation applying for such appointment; provided, further, that such special officers shall not receive any compensation from the state or any county thereof.   (Ga. L. 1935, p. 465, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 13 C.J.S., Carriers, § 514. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, § 43 et seq.
GA Code § 46-8-231 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 7 - Special Officers for Protection of Railroad Property|§ 46-8-231. Powers, Duties, and Responsibilities of Officers Generally

 All special officers appointed and commissioned as provided for in this article shall have throughout the state all the powers, duties, and responsibilities of sheriffs or other law enforcement officers of the state while engaged in the performance of their duties as such railroad officers, except the serving of civil processes.   (Ga. L. 1935, p. 465, § 2; Ga. L. 1953, Jan.-Feb. Sess., p. 390.)
GA Code § 46-8-232 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 7 - Special Officers for Protection of Railroad Property|§ 46-8-232. Qualifications of Officers; Posting of Bond; Duration of Appointment and Commission; Filing Notice of Termination by Corporation; Revocation of Appointment and Commission

  Every special officer appointed and commissioned under this article shall be a resident of the United States and of good character. Every such officer shall be required to post a good and sufficient bond payable to the State of Georgia in the sum of $1,000.00, conditioned on the faithful performance of his duties.   All appointments and commissions issued under this article shall continue so long as the special officer is employed in such capacity by the railroad corporation. The authority of any person appointed under this article shall immediately cease whenever such person ceases to be an agent, servant, or employee of the corporation applying for the appointment or no longer serves as a special officer of such corporation.   Whenever any railroad corporation no longer requires the services of any special officer so appointed, it shall file written notice to that effect in the offices of the Governor and the Secretary of State.   The appointment and commission may be revoked at any time by the Governor, with or without written notice by the president or resident executive officer of the common carrier applying for the appointment and commission.    (Ga. L. 1935, p. 465, § 3; Ga. L. 1953, Jan.-Feb. Sess., p. 390, § 3; Ga. L. 1982, p. 1183, § 1; Ga. L. 1986, p. 308, § 1; Ga. L. 1990, p. 856, § 3.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Validity of statute or ordinance which requires liability or indemnity insurance or bond as condition of license for conducting business or profession, 120 A.L.R. 950.
GA Code § 46-8-233 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 7 - Special Officers for Protection of Railroad Property|§ 46-8-233. Return of Processes to County of Origin

 All criminal processes served by a special officer shall be returned by him to the county from which the same originated.   (Ga. L. 1935, p. 465, § 4.)
GA Code § 46-8-250 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 8 - Liens Against Companies Generally|§ 46-8-250. Through 46-8-254

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 8/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This article was based on Ga. L. 1876, p. 122, §§ 1, 2; Code 1882, § 278a; Ga. L. 1893, p. 91, §§ 1, 2; Ga. L. 1894, p. 68, §§ 1, 2; Civil Code 1895, §§ 2329-2333; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2793-2797; Code 1933, §§ 94-801 - 94-805.
GA Code § 46-8-270 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 9 - Leases and Conditional Sales of Rolling Stock|§ 46-8-270. Through 46-8-272

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 8/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This article was based on Civil Code 1895, §§ 2326-2328; Ga. L. 1889, p. 188, §§ 1-3; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2790-2792; Code 1933, §§ 94-401 - 94-403; Ga. L. 1917, p. 55, § 1.
GA Code § 46-8-311 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 11 - Venue and Service of Process for Actions Against Railroad Companies|§ 46-8-311. Manner of Service of Process on Lessee of Railroad

 When any person is sued as the lessee of a railroad, service of a petition, summons, or other process may be effected by delivering a copy thereof to the depot agent or other officer of such lessee in the county where the action is pending, or by leaving a copy at the place where the usual and ordinary public business of such lessee in said county is transacted.   (Ga. L. 1884-85, p. 49, § 2; Civil Code 1895, § 2336; Civil Code 1910, § 2800; Code 1933, § 94-1103.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 19 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 2192, 2194. 62B Am. Jur. 2d, Process, §§ 108, 109.   C.J.S.   - 72 C.J.S., Process, § 29. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, § 69 et seq.
GA Code § 46-8-312 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 11 - Venue and Service of Process for Actions Against Railroad Companies|§ 46-8-312. Service of Process on Lessor Railroad Company, Generally

 Whenever any railroad company incorporated under the laws of this state or whose line of road may extend into this state has leased its line of road to any person and such lessee is in possession of the road, service on such lessor company may be perfected by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the president or other officer of the lessor company; provided, however, that if service cannot be had in this manner, then service may be made upon such company by delivering to the Secretary of State two copies of the summons and complaint, one copy of which shall be mailed by the Secretary of State to the lessor company at its last known address according to the Secretary of State. In addition, the plaintiff shall cause a copy of the summons and complaint to be served upon the lessee by the sheriff of the county where the action is brought or by his deputy or by the marshal or his deputy.   (Ga. L. 1889, p. 137, § 1; Civil Code 1895, § 2337; Civil Code 1910, § 2801; Code 1933, § 94-1104.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 19 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 2192, 2194. 62B Am. Jur. 2d, Process, §§ 108, 109.   C.J.S.   - 72 C.J.S., Process, § 29. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, § 69 et seq.
GA Code § 46-8-313 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 11 - Venue and Service of Process for Actions Against Railroad Companies|§ 46-8-313. Manner of Service Where Address of President of Company Unknown

 If the residence of the president of the lessor company is unknown to the plaintiff and his attorney, an affidavit showing the fact, filed with the Secretary of State, together with the petition, shall be sufficient, instead of the notice to the president required in Code Section 46-8-312, provided that the plaintiff shall not be compelled to bring an action against any such lessor and give the notice as provided in this Code section, but may do so at his option; but when such notice is given to the lessor, the judgment rendered in said action shall be as binding upon the lessor as though service had been made as provided by law for service upon railroad companies.   (Ga. L. 1889, p. 137, § 2; Civil Code 1895, § 2338; Civil Code 1910, § 2802; Code 1933, § 94-1105.)
GA Code § 46-8-314 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 11 - Venue and Service of Process for Actions Against Railroad Companies|§ 46-8-314. Venue and Service of Process in Actions Against Receivers, Trustees, and Other Officers of Railroad Companies; Obtaining Leave to Sue

 Actions may be brought against receivers, trustees, assignees, and other like officers operating railroads in this state, in the same county, and service may be perfected by serving them or their agents in the same manner, as if the action had been brought against the corporation whose property or franchise is being operated by them. All such actions may be brought without leave to sue first having been obtained from any court.   (Ga. L. 1895, p. 103, § 2; Civil Code 1895, § 2325; Civil Code 1910, § 2789; Code 1933, § 94-1107.)   Cross references.   - Further provisions regarding venue for actions against railroad companies, § 46-1-2.   Law reviews.   - For note discussing problems with venue in Georgia, and proposing statutory revisions to improve the resolution of venue questions, see 9 Ga. St. B.J. 254 (1972).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Applicability to contract and tort actions.    - Former Civil Code 1910, § 2789 (see O.C.G.A § 46-8-314) applied whether action arose in contract or tort. Munson v. Houser, 9 Ga. App. 346, 71 S.E. 595 (1911).   Section not applicable to nonemployees.    - Former Civil Code 1910, § 2789 (see O.C.G.A § 46-8-314) did not apply to an action brought against the receivers of a railroad company to recover damages arising from personal injuries to one not an employee of the receivers. Fried v. Sullivan, 27 Ga. App. 326, 108 S.E. 127, cert. denied, 27 Ga. App. 836 (1921); Hancock v. Miller, 28 Ga. App. 387, 111 S.E. 80 (1922).    Cited in Lamb v. McElwaney, 143 Ga. 490, 85 S.E. 705 (1915).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 77 Am. Jur. 2d, Venue, § 32 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 92A C.J.S., Venue, §§ 77, 78.   ALR.    - Appointment of receiver for railroad as affecting service of process on agent or employee in action against company, 9 A.L.R. 228.