reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 24-6-607 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 24-6-607. Who May Impeach

 The credibility of a witness may be attacked by any party, including the party calling the witness.    (Code 1981, §24-6-607, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Mode and order of witness interrogation and presentation, § 24-6-611.   Who may impeach a witness, Fed. R. Evid. 607.   Law reviews.   - For article, "Character Evidence in the Civil Setting,” see 26 Ga. St. B.J. 20 (Dec. 2020).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Impeachment of Own Witness   Examination of Opposite Party   Examination of Own Witness    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 81 Am. Jur. 2d, Witnesses, §§ 447 et seq., 501, 506, 509.   ALR.    - Estoppel of party to contradict what he testified to, adversely to his present opponent, in a prior action to which he was not a party, 5 A.L.R. 1505.    Impeaching witness examined by both parties, 54 A.L.R. 1374.    Right of party surprised by unfavorable testimony of own witness to ask him concerning previous inconsistent statements, 74 A.L.R. 1042.    Proper practice and relief on development of hostility by party's own witness, 117 A.L.R. 326.    May a witness who testifies to facts be impeached by showing of prior inconsistent expressions of opinion by him, 158 A.L.R. 820.   Federal Civil Procedure Rule 43(b), and similar state rule, relating to the calling and interrogation of adverse party as witness at trial, 35 A.L.R.2d 756.   Right of counsel representing party at trial, but employed by his liability insurer, to cross-examine or impeach him for asserted contradictory statements, 48 A.L.R.2d 1239.   Party litigant in civil personal injury or death case as bound by conflicting testimony of his own medical witnesses, 53 A.L.R.2d 1229.   Who is "employee" within statute permitting examination, as adverse witness, of employee of party, 56 A.L.R.2d 1108.   Admissibility and effect, on issue of party's credibility or merits of his case, of evidence of attempts to intimidate or influence witness in civil action, 4 A.L.R.4th 829.   What constitutes crime involving "dishonesty or false statement" under Rule 609(a)(2) of the Uniform Rules of Evidence, 83 A.L.R.5th 277.   Propriety, under Uniform Rule of Evidence 607, of impeachment of party's own witness, 3 A.L.R.6th 269.
GA Code § 24-6-610 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 24-6-610. Religious Beliefs or Opinions

 Evidence of the beliefs or opinions of a witness on matters of religion shall not be admissible for the purpose of proving that by reason of the nature of the beliefs or opinions the witness's credibility is impaired or enhanced.    (Code 1981, §24-6-610, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Religious beliefs or opinions, Fed. R. Evid. 610.   Law reviews.   - For article, "An Analysis of Georgia's Proposed Rules of Evidence," see 26 Ga. St. B.J. 173 (1990).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, decisions under former Civil Code 1910, § 5268 and former Code 1933, § 38-1602 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Belief in supreme being.    - Although desirable, it was not essential to the witness's competency that the witness believe in a supreme being, or that the witness be aware of God's existence. Smith v. State, 247 Ga. 511, 277 S.E.2d 53 (1981) (decided under former Code 1933, § 38-1602).   Individual acts of witness.    - It was not competent to take up individual acts of a witness and inquire of the witness as to the significance of such acts when viewed from a religious standpoint. Otherwise, practically every act of a man's life might be taken up and examined into. Eugee v. State, 159 Ga. 604, 126 S.E. 471 (1925) (decided under former Civil Code 1910, § 5268).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 81 Am. Jur. 2d, Witnesses, § 162.   C.J.S.   - 98 C.J.S. (Rev), Witnesses, § 191 et seq.   ALR.   - Propriety and prejudicial effect of impeaching witness by reference to religious belief or lack of it, 76 A.L.R.3d 539.
GA Code § 24-6-614 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 24-6-614. Calling and Interrogation of Witnesses by Court

  The court may, on its own motion, call a court appointed expert, call a witness regarding the competency of any party, or call a child witness or, at the suggestion of a party, call such witnesses, and all parties shall be entitled to cross-examine such witnesses. In all other situations, the court may only call witnesses when there is an agreement of all of the parties for the court to call such witnesses and all parties shall be entitled to cross-examine such witnesses.   The court may interrogate witnesses whether called by itself pursuant to subsection (a) of this Code section or by a party.   Objections to the calling of witnesses by the court or to interrogation by the court may be made at the time or at the next available opportunity when the jury is not present.     (Code 1981, §24-6-614, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Court's calling or examining a witness, Fed. R. Evid. 614.
GA Code § 24-6-615 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 24-6-615. Exclusion of Witnesses

 Except as otherwise provided in Code Section 24-6-616, at the request of a party the court shall order witnesses excluded so that each witness cannot hear the testimony of other witnesses, and it may make the order on its own motion. This Code section shall not authorize exclusion of:    A party who is a natural person;   An officer or employee of a party which is not a natural person designated as its representative by its attorney; or   A person whose presence is shown by a party to be essential to the presentation of the party's cause.     (Code 1981, §24-6-615, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Excluding witnesses, Fed. R. Evid. 615.   Law reviews.   - For article, "Dancing with the Big Boys: Georgia Adopts (most of) the Federal Rules of Evidence," see 63 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (2011). For annual survey on evidence, see 65 Mercer L. Rev. 125 (2013).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Right of Sequestration   Exceptions to Sequestration Rule   Testimony of Witnesses Not Sequestered    RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Exclusion from courtroom of expert witnesses during taking of testimony in civil case, 85 A.L.R.2d 478.   Scope and extent, and remedy or sanctions for infringement, of accused's right to communicate with his attorney, 5 A.L.R.3d 1360.   Effect of witness's violation of order of exclusion, 14 A.L.R.3d 16.   Counsel's reference, in presence of sequestered witness in state criminal trial, to testimony of another witness as ground for mistrial or reversal, 24 A.L.R.4th 488.   Prejudicial effect of improper failure to exclude from courtroom or to sequester or separate state's witnesses in criminal case, 74 A.L.R.4th 705.   Exclusion of witnesses under Rule 615 of Federal Rules of Evidence, 181 A.L.R. Fed. 549.
GA Code § 24-6-616 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 24-6-616. Presence in Courtroom of Victim of Criminal Offense

 Subject to the provisions of Code Section 17-17-9, the victim of a criminal offense shall be entitled to be present in any court exercising jurisdiction over such offense.    (Code 1981, §24-6-616, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Validity, construction, and application of state constitutional or statutory victims' bill of rights, 91 A.L.R.5th 343.
GA Code § 24-6-620 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 2 - Credibility|§ 24-6-620. Credibility a Jury Question

 The credibility of a witness shall be a matter to be determined by the trier of fact, and if the case is being heard by a jury, the court shall give the jury proper instructions as to the credibility of a witness.    (Code 1981, §24-6-620, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Dancing with the Big Boys: Georgia Adopts (most of) the Federal Rules of Evidence," see 63 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (2011). For annual survey on evidence law, see 70 Mercer L. Rev. 97 (2018).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Civil Cases   Criminal Cases   Children   Appeals    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 81 Am. Jur. 2d, Witnesses, §§ 283, 285, 479 et seq.   ALR.    - Cross-examination for purpose of showing bias or hostility on part of witness, 74 A.L.R. 1157.    Advantage which the original trier of facts enjoyed over reviewing court from opportunity of seeing and hearing witnesses, 111 A.L.R. 742.    Admissibility, in support of general credibility of an accomplice-witness who has not been impeached, of evidence from nonaccomplice witness not otherwise relevant or of probative value as against defendant, 138 A.L.R. 1266.   Cross-examination of witness in criminal case as to whether, and with whom, he has discussed facts of case, 35 A.L.R.2d 1045.   Preventing or limiting cross-examination of prosecution's witness as to his motive for testifying, 62 A.L.R.2d 610.   Credibility of witness giving uncontradicted testimony as matter for court or jury, 62 A.L.R.2d 1191.   Propriety, and prejudicial effect of, comments by counsel vouching for credibility of witness, 81 A.L.R.2d 1240.   Propriety of specific jury instructions as to credibility of accomplices, 4 A.L.R.3d 351.   Necessity and admissibility of expert testimony as to credibility of witness, 20 A.L.R.3d 684.   Propriety of cross-examining witness as to illicit relations with defendant in criminal case, 25 A.L.R.3d 537.   Cross-examination of witness as to his mental state or condition, to impeach competency or credibility, 44 A.L.R.3d 1203.   Propriety and prejudicial effect of instructions on credibility of alibi witnesses, 72 A.L.R.3d 617.   Propriety of consideration of credibility of witness in determining probable cause at state preliminary hearing, 84 A.L.R.3d 811.   Instructions to jury as to credibility of child's testimony in criminal case, 32 A.L.R.4th 1196.   Propriety and prejudicial effect of comments by counsel vouching for credibility of witness - state cases, 45 A.L.R.4th 602.   Propriety, and prejudicial effect, of comments by counsel vouching for credibility of witness - federal cases, 78 A.L.R. Fed. 23.
GA Code § 24-6-621 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 2 - Credibility|§ 24-6-621. Impeachment by Contradiction

 A witness may be impeached by disproving the facts testified to by the witness.    (Code 1981, §24-6-621, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Admissibility of affidavit to impeach witness, 14 A.L.R.4th 828.   What constitutes crime involving "dishonesty or false statement" under Rule 609(a)(2) of the Uniform Rules of Evidence, 83 A.L.R.5th 277.
GA Code § 24-6-623 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 2 - Credibility|§ 24-6-623. Treatment of Witness

 It shall be the right of a witness to be examined only as to relevant matters and to be protected from improper questions and from harsh or insulting demeanor.    (Code 1981, §24-6-623, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Abuse of witness by counsel as ground for new trial or reversal, 4 A.L.R. 414.   Propriety of cross-examining witness as to illicit relations with defendant in criminal case, 25 A.L.R.3d 537.   Privilege of witness to refuse to give answers tending to disgrace or degrade him or his family, 88 A.L.R.3d 304.
GA Code § 24-6-651 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 3 - Use of Sign Language and Intermediary Interpreter in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings|§ 24-6-651. Definitions

 As used in this article, the term:    "Agency" means any agency, authority, board, bureau, committee, commission, court, department, or jury of the legislative, judicial, or executive branch of government of this state or any political subdivision thereof.   "Court qualified interpreter" means any person licensed as an interpreter for the hearing impaired pursuant to Code Section 15-1-14.   "Hearing impaired person" means any person whose hearing is totally impaired or whose hearing is so seriously impaired as to prohibit the person from understanding oral communications when spoken in a normal conversational tone.   "Intermediary interpreter" means any person, including any hearing impaired person, who is able to assist in providing an accurate interpretation between spoken English and sign language or between the variance of sign language by acting as an intermediary between a hearing impaired person and a qualified interpreter.   "Proceeding" means any meeting, hearing, trial, investigation, or other proceeding of any nature conducted by an agency.   "Qualified interpreter" means any person certified as an interpreter for hearing impaired persons by the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf or a court qualified interpreter.     (Code 1981, §24-6-651, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)
GA Code § 24-6-652 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 3 - Use of Sign Language and Intermediary Interpreter in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings|§ 24-6-652. Appointment of Interpreters for Hearing Impaired Persons Interested in or Witness at Agency Proceedings

  The agency conducting any proceeding shall provide a qualified interpreter to the hearing impaired person:   Whenever the hearing impaired person is a party to the proceeding or a witness before the proceeding; or   Whenever a person who is below the age of 18 years is a party to the proceeding or a witness before the proceeding conducted by an agency whose parents are hearing impaired persons or whose guardian is a hearing impaired person.     A hearing impaired person shall notify the agency not less than ten days, excluding weekends and holidays, prior to the date of the proceeding of the need for a qualified interpreter. If the hearing impaired person received notice of the proceeding less than ten days, excluding weekends and holidays, prior to the proceeding, such person shall notify the agency as soon as practicable after receiving such notice.     (Code 1981, §24-6-652, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, opinions under former O.C.G.A. § 24-9-102 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Hearing impaired juror.    - Subsection (a) of former O.C.G.A. § 24-9-102 did not require that a court provide an interpreter for a hearing impaired prospective juror. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U87-11 (decided under former O.C.G.A. § 24-9-102).
GA Code § 24-6-654 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 3 - Use of Sign Language and Intermediary Interpreter in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings|§ 24-6-654. Indigent Hearing Impaired Defendants to Be Provided With Interpreters

  A court shall provide a court qualified interpreter to any hearing impaired person whenever the hearing impaired person has been provided with a public defender or court appointed legal counsel.   The court qualified interpreter authorized by this Code section shall be present at all times when the hearing impaired person is consulting with legal counsel.     (Code 1981, §24-6-654, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, opinions under former O.C.G.A. § 24-9-108 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Expenditure for interpreter for indigent criminal defendant.    - When the superior court exercises the court's discretion to appoint an interpreter for an indigent criminal defendant who neither speaks nor understands English, the court has inherent power to assess the cost of the interpreter against the county. 1989 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U89-24 (decided under former O.C.G.A. § 24-9-108).
GA Code § 24-6-655 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 3 - Use of Sign Language and Intermediary Interpreter in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings|§ 24-6-655. Waiver of Right to Interpreter

 Whenever a hearing impaired person shall be authorized to be provided a qualified interpreter, such person may waive the right to the use of such interpreter. Any such waiver shall be in writing and shall be approved by the agency or law enforcement agency before which the hearing impaired person is to appear. In no event shall the failure of a hearing impaired person to request an interpreter be deemed to be a waiver of the hearing impaired person's right to a qualified interpreter.    (Code 1981, §24-6-655, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)
GA Code § 24-6-656 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 3 - Use of Sign Language and Intermediary Interpreter in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings|§ 24-6-656. Replacement of Interpreters Unable to Communicate Accurately With Hearing Impaired Persons; Appointment of Intermediary Interpreters

 Whenever a hearing impaired person shall be authorized to be provided a qualified interpreter, the agency or law enforcement agency shall determine whether the qualified interpreter so provided is able to communicate accurately with and translate information to and from the hearing impaired person. If it is determined that the qualified interpreter cannot perform these functions, the agency or law enforcement agency shall obtain the services of another qualified interpreter or shall appoint an intermediary interpreter to assist the qualified interpreter in communicating with the hearing impaired person.    (Code 1981, §24-6-656, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)
GA Code § 24-6-657 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 3 - Use of Sign Language and Intermediary Interpreter in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings|§ 24-6-657. Oath of Interpreters; Privileged Communications; Taping and Filming of Hearing Impaired Persons' Testimony

  Prior to providing any service to a hearing impaired person, any qualified interpreter or intermediary interpreter shall subscribe to an oath that he or she will interpret all communications in an accurate manner to the best of his or her skill and knowledge. The Supreme Court of Georgia may by rule of court prescribe the form of the oath for interpreters and intermediary interpreters for use in court and other judicial proceedings.   Whenever a hearing impaired person communicates with any other person through the use of an interpreter and under circumstances which make such communications privileged or otherwise confidential, the presence of the interpreter shall not vitiate such privilege and the interpreter shall not be required to disclose the contents of such communication.   Whenever a qualified interpreter is required by this article, the agency or law enforcement agency shall not begin the proceeding or take any action until such interpreter is in full view of and spatially situated so as to assure effective communication with the hearing impaired person.   The agency or law enforcement agency may, upon its own motion or upon motion of any party, witness, or participant, order that the testimony of the hearing impaired person be electronically and visually recorded. Any such recording may be used to verify the testimony given by the hearing impaired person.     (Code 1981, §24-6-657, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)
GA Code § 24-6-658 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 6 - Witnesses|Article 3 - Use of Sign Language and Intermediary Interpreter in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings|§ 24-6-658. Compensation of Interpreters

 Any qualified interpreter or intermediary interpreter providing service under this article shall be compensated by the agency or law enforcement agency requesting such service.    (Code 1981, §24-6-658, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, opinions under former O.C.G.A. § 24-9-108 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Expenditure for interpreter for indigent criminal defendant.    - When the superior court exercises the court's discretion to appoint an interpreter for an indigent criminal defendant who neither speaks nor understands English, the court has inherent power to assess the cost of the interpreter against the county. 1989 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U89-24 (decided under former O.C.G.A. § 24-9-108).
GA Code § 24-8-802 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 8 - Hearsay|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 24-8-802. Hearsay Rule

 Hearsay shall not be admissible except as provided by this article; provided, however, that if a party does not properly object to hearsay, the objection shall be deemed waived, and the hearsay evidence shall be legal evidence and admissible.    (Code 1981, §24-8-802, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - The rule against hearsay, Fed. R. Evid. 802.   Law reviews.   - For article, "Dancing with the Big Boys: Georgia Adopts (most of) the Federal Rules of Evidence," see 63 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (2011).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Application   Objections    RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Admissibility of testimony concerning extrajudicial statements made to, or in presence of, witness through interpreter - state cases, 97 A.L.R.6th 567.   Admissibility of testimony concerning extrajudicial statements made to, or in presence of, witness through an interpreter - federal cases, 91 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 187.