reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-501 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-501 - Sale of building and land owned by different parties. Disposition of proceeds.

 (a) The Superior Court may, upon petition of any person interested, order the sale of any building and the land upon which it stands, if the title to the land is in one or more persons and has been acquired under the statute of distribution as ancestral estate of the decedent, and the title to the building, erected by the decedent in his lifetime, is in another person or other persons and has been acquired under the statute of distribution, provided the court shall find that the building has materially added to the value of the property over and above the value of the land alone, and that the respective owners are unable to agree upon the purchase, by one from the other, of the land or building.(b) The court may determine the quantity of land that may be sold with the building in order to promote and preserve the respective interests of the owners.(c) The court shall, after the sale, determine the value of the land sold, and from the proceeds of the sale there shall be paid to the owner of the land the full value thereof as found by the court. The remainder of the proceeds shall, after the payment of the costs therefrom, be paid to the owner of the building.(1949 Rev., S. 8237; P.A. 82-160, S. 191.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators.Cited. 5 CA 142.Cited. 29 CS 465.
CT Gen Stat § 52-502 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-502 - Orders to protect parties and effectuate sale. Sale by committee.

 (a) On any complaint for the sale of real or personal property, the court in which the case is pending may make any order necessary to protect the rights of all parties in interest and to carry the sale into effect.(b) On any such complaint, the court may appoint a committee to make the sale, who shall pay into court the proceeds therefrom. The proceeds from the sale, after deducting such reasonable costs and expenses as the court directs, shall be distributed by order of court among all persons interested in the property, in proportion to their interests.(c) If the names or residences of any of the parties entitled to share in the fund are unknown to the court and cannot be ascertained, it shall make such order relative to the custody or investment of the share of the unknown parties as it deems reasonable.(1949 Rev., S. 8238; P.A. 82-160, S. 192.)History: P.A. 82-160 replaced “estate” with “property”, rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators.Court should distribute fund on equitable principles; sale subject to mortgage. 74 C. 16. Sale where holder of recorded, unexpired option to purchase interest of one joint owner is made codefendant. 97 C. 517. Cited. 134 C. 177; 157 C. 593; 189 C. 490; 224 C. 219.Cited. 5 CA 142; 10 CA 198; 17 CA 4; 23 CA 129; 26 CA 149.Cited. 14 CS 170; 19 CS 421; 29 CS 465.Subsec. (b):Court did not abuse its discretion in enforcing foreign domesticated judgment in distribution of partition proceeds without judgment creditor bringing a postjudgment action to enforce such judgment. 86 CA 617.
CT Gen Stat § 52-503 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503 - Partition or sale of property when estate in settlement.

 No partition, or sale in lieu of partition, may be made of any property, real or personal, belonging wholly to an estate in settlement in any court of probate until the estate is ready for distribution.(1949 Rev., S. 8239; P.A. 82-160, S. 193.)History: P.A. 82-160 made minor changes in wording.Cited. 43 C. 560. Necessity of confirmation of sale by court. 98 C. 152. Cited. Id., 397.Cited. 5 CA 142. Section is a limitation on partition and sale powers granted to Superior Court and a limitation on Superior Court's otherwise concurrent jurisdiction with Probate Court. 50 CA 132.Cited. 4 CS 67. Does not apply where only a portion of the property is “an estate in settlement”. 19 CS 421. Cited. 29 CS 465.
CT Gen Stat § 52-503f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503f - Short title: Uniform Partition of Heirs' Property Act.

 Sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive, may be cited as the “Uniform Partition of Heirs' Property Act”.(P.A. 15-234, S. 1.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503g - Definitions.

 As used in this section and sections 52-503h to 52-503r, inclusive:(1) “Ascendant” means an individual who precedes another individual in lineage, in the direct line of ascent from the other individual;(2) “Collateral” means an individual who is related to another individual under the law of intestate succession of this state but who is not the other individual's ascendant or descendant;(3) “Descendant” means an individual who follows another individual in lineage, in the direct line of descent from the other individual;(4) “Determination of value” means a court order (A) determining the fair market value of heirs' property under section 52-503k or 52-503o, or (B) adopting the valuation of the property agreed to by all cotenants;(5) “Heirs' property” means real property held in tenancy in common which satisfies all of the following requirements as of the date of filing a partition action:(A) There is no agreement in a record binding all the cotenants which governs the partition of the property;(B) One or more of the cotenants acquired title from a relative, whether living or deceased; and(C) Any of the following apply:(i) Twenty per cent or more of the interests are held by cotenants who are relatives;(ii) Twenty per cent or more of the interests are held by an individual who acquired title from a relative, whether living or deceased; or(iii) Twenty per cent or more of the cotenants are relatives;(6) “Partition by sale” means a court-ordered sale of the entire heirs' property, whether by auction, sealed bids, or open-market sale conducted under section 52-503o;(7) “Partition in kind” means the division of heirs' property into physically distinct and separately titled parcels;(8) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and(9) “Relative” means an ascendant, descendant or collateral or an individual otherwise related to another individual by blood, marriage, adoption or law of this state other than the provisions of sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive.(P.A. 15-234, S. 2.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503h - Applicability of provisions.

 (a) The provisions of sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive, apply to partition actions filed on or after October 1, 2015.(b) In an action to partition real property under section 45a-326 or 52-495, as applicable, the court shall determine whether the property is heirs' property. If the court determines that the property is heirs' property, the property shall be partitioned under sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive, unless all of the cotenants otherwise agree in a record.(c) The provisions of sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive, supplement the provisions of this chapter, and, if an action is governed by sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive, replace provisions of this chapter that are inconsistent with the provisions of sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive.(P.A. 15-234, S. 3.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503i (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503i - Service. Notice by posting.

 (a) The provisions of sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive, do not limit or affect the method by which service of a complaint in a partition action may be made.(b) If the plaintiff in a partition action seeks an order of notice by publication and the court determines that the property may be heirs' property, the plaintiff, not later than ten days after the date of the court's determination, shall post and maintain while the action is pending a conspicuous sign on the property that is the subject of the action. The sign shall state that the action has commenced and identify the name and address of the court and the common designation by which the property is known. The court may require the plaintiff to publish on the sign the name of the plaintiff and the known defendants.(P.A. 15-234, S. 4.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503j - Committee members.

 If the court appoints a committee pursuant to section 52-495, each committee member shall be disinterested and impartial and not a party to or a participant in the action.(P.A. 15-234, S. 5.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503k (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503k - Determination of value.

 (a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, if the court determines that the property that is the subject of a partition action is heirs' property, the court shall determine the fair market value of the property by ordering an appraisal pursuant to subsection (d) of this section.(b) If all cotenants have agreed to the value of the property or to another method of valuation, the court shall adopt that value or the value produced by the agreed method of valuation.(c) If the court determines that the evidentiary value of an appraisal is outweighed by the cost of the appraisal, the court, after an evidentiary hearing, shall determine the fair market value of the property and send notice to the parties of the value.(d) If the court orders an appraisal, the court shall appoint a disinterested real estate appraiser licensed in this state to determine the fair market value of the property assuming sole ownership of the fee simple estate. On completion of the appraisal, the appraiser shall file a sworn or verified appraisal with the court.(e) If an appraisal is conducted pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, not later than ten days after the date on which the appraisal is filed with the court, the court shall send notice to each party with a known address, stating:(1) The appraised fair market value of the property;(2) That the appraisal is available at the clerk's office; and(3) That a party may file with the court an objection to the appraisal not later than thirty days after the date on which the notice is sent, stating the grounds for the objection.(f) If an appraisal is filed with the court pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, the court shall conduct a hearing to determine the fair market value of the property not earlier than thirty days after the date on which a copy of the notice of the appraisal is sent to each party under subsection (e) of this section, whether or not an objection to the appraisal is filed under subdivision (3) of subsection (e) of this section. In addition to the court-ordered appraisal, the court may consider any other evidence of value offered by a party.(g) After a hearing under subsection (f) of this section, but before considering the merits of the partition action, the court shall determine the fair market value of the property and send notice to the parties of the value.(P.A. 15-234, S. 6.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503m (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503m - Partition alternatives.

 (a) If all the interests of all cotenants that requested partition by sale are not purchased by other cotenants pursuant to section 52-503l, or if after conclusion of the buyout under section 52-503l, a cotenant remains that has requested partition in kind, the court shall order partition in kind unless the court, after consideration of the factors listed in section 52-503n, finds that partition in kind will result in manifest prejudice to the cotenants as a group. In considering whether to order partition in kind, the court shall approve a request by two or more parties to have their individual interests aggregated.(b) If the court does not order partition in kind under subsection (a) of this section, the court shall order partition by sale pursuant to section 52-503o or, if no cotenant requested partition by sale, the court shall dismiss the action.(c) If the court orders partition in kind pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the court may require that one or more cotenants pay one or more other cotenants amounts so that the payments, taken together with the value of the in-kind distributions to the cotenants, will make the partition in kind just and proportionate in value to the fractional interests held.(d) If the court orders partition in kind, the court shall allocate to the cotenants who are unknown, cannot be located, or the subject of a default judgment, if their interests were not bought out pursuant to section 52-503l, a part of the property representing the combined interests of such cotenants as determined by the court and this part of the property shall remain undivided.(P.A. 15-234, S. 8.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503n (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503n - Considerations for partition in kind.

 (a) In determining under subsection (a) of section 52-503m whether partition in kind would result in manifest prejudice to the cotenants as a group, the court shall consider the following:(1) Whether the heirs' property practicably can be divided among the cotenants;(2) Whether partition in kind would apportion the property in such a way that the aggregate fair market value of the parcels resulting from the division would be materially less than the value of the property if it were sold as a whole, taking into account the condition under which a court-ordered sale likely would occur;(3) Evidence of the collective duration of ownership or possession of the property by a cotenant and one or more predecessors in title or predecessors in possession to the cotenant who are or were relatives of the cotenant or each other;(4) A cotenant's sentimental attachment to the property, including any attachment arising because the property has ancestral or other unique or special value to the cotenant;(5) The lawful use being made of the property by a cotenant and the degree to which the cotenant would be harmed if the cotenant could not continue the same use of the property;(6) The degree to which the cotenants have contributed their pro rata share of the property taxes, insurance, and other expenses associated with maintaining ownership of the property or have contributed to the physical improvement, maintenance, or upkeep of the property; and(7) Any other relevant factor.(b) The court may not consider any one factor in subsection (a) of this section to be dispositive without weighing the totality of all relevant factors and circumstances.(P.A. 15-234, S. 9.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503o (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503o - Open-market sale. Sealed bids. Auction.

 (a) If the court orders a sale of heirs' property, the sale shall be an open-market sale unless the court finds that a sale by sealed bids or an auction would be more economically advantageous and in the best interest of the cotenants as a group.(b) If the court orders an open-market sale and the parties, not later than ten days after the date of entry of the order, agree on a real estate broker licensed in this state to offer the property for sale, the court shall appoint the real estate broker and establish a reasonable commission. If the parties do not agree on a real estate broker, the court shall appoint a disinterested real estate broker licensed in this state to offer the property for sale and shall establish a reasonable commission. The real estate broker shall offer the property for sale in a commercially reasonable manner at a price no lower than the determination of value and on the terms and conditions established by the court.(c) If the real estate broker appointed under subsection (b) of this section obtains, within a reasonable time, an offer to purchase the property for at least the determination of value: (1) The real estate broker shall comply with the reporting requirements in section 52-503p; and (2) the sale may be completed in accordance with requirements of state law other than the requirements prescribed in sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive.(d) If the real estate broker appointed under subsection (b) of this section does not obtain, within a reasonable time, an offer to purchase the property for at least the determination of value, the court, after hearing, may:(1) Approve the highest outstanding offer, if any;(2) Redetermine the value of the property and order that the property continue to be offered for an additional time; or(3) Order that the property be sold by sealed bids or at auction.(e) If the court orders a sale by sealed bids or at auction, the court shall set terms and conditions of the sale. If the court orders an auction, the auction shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.(f) If a purchaser is entitled to a share of the proceeds of the sale, the purchaser is entitled to a credit against the price in an amount equal to the purchaser's share of the proceeds.(P.A. 15-234, S. 10.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503p (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503p - Report of open-market sale.

 (a) A real estate broker appointed under subsection (b) of section 52-503o to offer heirs' property for open-market sale shall file a report with the court not later than seven days after the date of receiving an offer to purchase the property for at least the value determined under section 52-503k or 52-503o.(b) The report required by subsection (a) of this section shall contain the following information:(1) A description of the property to be sold to each buyer;(2) The name of each buyer;(3) The proposed purchase price;(4) The terms and conditions of the proposed sale, including the terms of any owner financing;(5) The amounts to be paid to lienholders;(6) A statement of contractual or other arrangements or conditions of the broker's commission; and(7) Other material facts relevant to the sale.(P.A. 15-234, S. 11.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503q (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503q - Uniformity of application and construction.

 In applying and construing the provisions of sections 52-503f to 52-503r, inclusive, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact such uniform provisions.(P.A. 15-234, S. 12.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-503r (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 919 - Partition or Sale of Real or Personal Property|Section 52-503r - Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

 The provisions of sections 52-503f to 52-503q, inclusive, modify, limit and supersede the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 USC Section 7001 et seq., but do not modify, limit or supersede Section 101(c) of said act, 15 USC Section 7001(c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 103(b) of said act, 15 USC Section 7003(b).(P.A. 15-234, S. 13.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-504 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 920 - Receivers|Section 52-504 - Application for receiver; orders of judge.

 When any action is brought to or pending in the superior court in which an application is made for the appointment of a receiver, any judge of the superior court, when such court is not in session, after due notice given, may make such order in the action as the exigencies of the case may require, and may, from time to time, rescind and modify any such order. The judge shall cause his proceedings to be certified to the court in which the action may be pending, at its next session.(1949 Rev., S. 8240; P.A. 82-160, S. 194.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Appointment is merely auxiliary to equitable relief; creditor may act. 73 C. 587. Judgment appointing is not final judgment. 74 C. 652. Some equity must appear, but final merits of case not to be determined before temporary appointment; appointment in chambers. 76 C. 252. Appointment to hold property pending an appeal affecting its disposition. 81 C. 116. Appointment to receive rents pending action to quiet title. 85 C. 434. In determining jurisdiction, ancillary and permanent appointments stand on same ground. 91 C. 92. When national bank may be receiver. 94 C. 648. Appointment of receiver operates as a breach of an executory contract unless receiver adopts and carries out contract. 98 C. 414. When foreign receiver may sue in Connecticut as matter of right, and when as matter of comity. 104 C. 670. Receiver is officer of court. 109 C. 335. Cited. 195 C. 218.Cited. 1 CA 397; 16 CA 420.
CT Gen Stat § 52-505 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 920 - Receivers|Section 52-505 - Receivers for certain associations, communities or corporations.

 (a) If in any town, any association, community or corporation organized in whole or in part for the support of its members, has property upon which its members, in whole or in part, are dependent for support, and, in the opinion of the selectmen of the town, there is danger that the property will be lost or expended in any manner so that some of the members may become an expense to the town, the selectmen may bring an application, in the name of the town, to the superior court for the judicial district in which the town is situated, for the appointment of a receiver of the property of the association, community or corporation and for other equitable relief.(b) The court shall have power, if it deems necessary and proper, to appoint a receiver of all the property of the association, community or corporation, and vest all the property in the receiver, by decree or otherwise, to provide that the property shall be managed and used for the benefit and support of the members, in such manner as the court finds to be best for the protection of the town and the members, and to grant such other relief as is necessary for that purpose and to protect the interests of the town and the members, according to the practice and proceedings of courts of equity.(c) No application may be brought under this section by the selectmen until the matter has been submitted to the town at a special meeting called for that purpose and until the town has approved of the application by vote at the meeting.(1949 Rev., S. 8241; P.A. 78-280, S. 2, 127; P.A. 82-160, S. 195.)History: P.A. 78-280 substituted “judicial district” for “county”; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators.Joint bond of two receivers construed. 79 C. 470.
CT Gen Stat § 52-506 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 920 - Receivers|Section 52-506 - Receiver to give bond.

 All receivers, before assuming to act as such, shall file with the clerk of the court by which, or by a judge of which, they were appointed, a bond with such surety or sureties, and for such an amount as such court or judge may order and approve, payable to the state and conditioned for the faithful performance of their official duties.(1949 Rev., S. 8242.)Does not apply to trustees winding up corporation. 96 C. 83.