reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 28-4906 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4906. Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts

(a) A record or signature may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form. (b) A contract may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because an electronic record was used in its formation. (c) If a law requires a record to be in writing, an electronic record satisfies the law. (d) If a law requires a signature, an electronic signature satisfies the law.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 7 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4907 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4907. Provision of information in writing; presentation of records

(a) If parties have agreed to conduct a transaction by electronic means and a law requires a person to provide, send, or deliver information in writing to another person, the requirement is satisfied if the information is provided, sent, or delivered, as the case may be, in an electronic record capable of retention by the recipient at the time of receipt. An electronic record is not capable of retention by the recipient if the sender or its information processing system inhibits the ability of the recipient to print or store the electronic record. (b) If a law other than this chapter requires a record (1) to be posted or displayed in a certain manner, (2) to be sent, communicated, or transmitted by a specified method, or (3) to contain information that is formatted in a certain manner, the following rules apply: (A) The record must be posted or displayed in the manner specified in the other law. (B) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d)(2) of this section, the record must be sent, communicated, or transmitted by the method specified in the other law. (C) The record must contain the information formatted in the manner specified in the other law. (c) If a sender inhibits the ability of a recipient to store or print an electronic record, the electronic record is not enforceable against the recipient. (d) The requirements of this section may not be varied by agreement, but: (1) To the extent a law other than this chapter requires information to be provided, sent, or delivered in writing but permits that requirement to be varied by agreement, the requirement under subsection (a) of this section that the information be in the form of an electronic record capable of retention may also be varied by agreement; and (2) A requirement under a law other than this chapter to send, communicate, or transmit a record by first-class mail, postage prepaid, may be varied by agreement to the extent permitted by the other law.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 8 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4908 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4908. Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature

(a) An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable. (b) The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) of this section is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties’ agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 9 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4909 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4909. Effect of change or error

If a change or error in an electronic record occurs in a transmission between parties to a transaction, the following rules apply: (1) If the parties have agreed to use a security procedure to detect changes or errors and one party has conformed to the procedure, but the other party has not, and the nonconforming party would have detected the change or error had that party also conformed, the conforming party may avoid the effect of the changed or erroneous electronic record. (2) In an automated transaction involving an individual, the individual may avoid the effect of an electronic record that resulted from an error made by the individual in dealing with the electronic agent of another person if the electronic agent did not provide an opportunity for the prevention or correction of the error and, at the time the individual learns of the error, the individual: (A) Promptly notifies the other person of the error and that the individual did not intend to be bound by the electronic record received by the other person; (B) Takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other person’s reasonable instructions, to return to the other person or, if instructed by the other person, to destroy the consideration received, if any, as a result of the erroneous electronic record; and (C) Has not used or received any benefit or value from the consideration, if any, received from the other person. (3) If neither paragraph (1) of this subsection nor paragraph (2) of this subsection applies, the change or error has the effect provided by other law, including the law of mistake, and the parties’ contract, if any. (4) Paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection may not be varied by agreement.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 10 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4910 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4910. Notarization and acknowledgment

If a law requires a signature or record to be notarized, acknowledged, verified, or made under oath, the requirement is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform those acts, together with all other information required to be included by other applicable law, is attached to or logically associated with the signature or record.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 11 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4911 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4911. Retention of electronic records; originals

(a) If a law requires that a record be retained, the requirement is satisfied by retaining an electronic record of the information in the record which: (1) Accurately reflects the information set forth in the record after it was first generated in its final form as an electronic record or otherwise; and (2) Remains accessible for later reference. (b) A requirement to retain a record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section does not apply to any information the sole purpose of which is to enable the record to be sent, communicated, or received. (c) A person may satisfy subsection (a) of this section by using the services of another person if the requirements of that subsection are satisfied. (d) If a law requires a record to be presented or retained in its original form, or provides consequences if the record is not presented or retained in its original form, that law is satisfied by an electronic record retained in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. (e) If a law requires retention of a check, that requirement is satisfied by retention of an electronic record of the information on the front and back of the check in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. (f) A record retained as an electronic record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section satisfies a law requiring a person to retain a record for evidentiary, audit, or like purposes, unless a law enacted after [October 3, 2001] specifically prohibits the use of an electronic record for the specified purpose. (g) This section does not preclude a governmental agency of the District of Columbia from specifying additional requirements for the retention of a record subject to the agency’s jurisdiction.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 28-4917. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 12 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4912 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4912. Admissibility in evidence

In a proceeding, evidence of a record or signature may not be excluded solely because it is in electronic form.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 13 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4913 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4913. Automated transaction

In an automated transaction, the following rules apply: (1) A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents’ actions or the resulting terms and agreements. (2) A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual’s own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance. (3) The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to it.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 14 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4916 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4916. Creation and retention of electronic records and conversion of written records by governmental agencies

The Mayor shall determine whether, and the extent to which, a governmental agency will create electronic records and convert written records to electronic records. The retention of electronic records shall conform to the requirements and practices established under Chapter 17 of Title 2 of the District of Columbia Official Code.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881; June 13, 2008, D.C. Law 17-175, § 3, 55 DCR 5387.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. D.C. Law 17-175 rewrote the section which had read as follows: “The Mayor shall determine whether, and the extent to which, a governmental agency will create and retain electronic records and convert written records to electronic records.” Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 17 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4917 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4917. Acceptance and distribution of electronic records by governmental agencies

(a) Except as otherwise provided in § 28-4911(f), the Mayor shall determine whether, and the extent to which, a governmental agency will send and accept electronic records and electronic signatures to and from other persons and otherwise create, generate, communicate, store, process, use, and rely upon electronic records and electronic signatures. (b) To the extent that a governmental agency uses electronic records and electronic signatures under subsection (a) of this section, the Mayor, giving due consideration to security, may specify: (1) The manner and format in which the electronic records must be created, generated, sent, communicated, received, and stored and the systems established for those purposes; (2) If electronic records must be signed by electronic means, the type of electronic signature required, the manner and format in which the electronic signature must be affixed to the electronic record, and the identity of, or criteria that must be met by, any third party used by a person filing a document to facilitate the process; (3) Control processes and procedures as appropriate to ensure adequate preservation, disposition, integrity, security, confidentiality, and auditability of electronic records; and (4) Any other required attributes for electronic records which are specified for corresponding nonelectronic records or reasonably necessary under the circumstances. (c) Except as otherwise provided in § 28-4911(f), this chapter does not require a governmental agency of the District of Columbia to use or permit the use of electronic records or electronic signatures.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 28-4918 and § 51-111. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Delegation of Authority Delegation of Digital Signature Authority to Chief Technology Officer, see Mayor’s Order 2005-45, March 3, 2005 ( 52 DCR 2870). Delegation of Authority for Acceptance and Distribution of Electronic Records by District Government Agencies, see Mayor’s Order 2009-118, June 25, 2009 ( 56 DCR 6867). Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 18 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-4918 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 49 - Uniform Electronic Transactions|§ 28-4918. Interoperability

The Mayor, in adopting standards pursuant to § 28-4917, may encourage and promote consistency and interoperability with similar requirements adopted by other governmental agencies of this and other states and the federal government and nongovernmental persons interacting with governmental agencies of the District of Columbia. If appropriate, those standards may specify differing levels of standards from which governmental agencies of the District of Columbia may choose in implementing the most appropriate standard for a particular application.  (Oct. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 14-28, § 3502(b), 48 DCR 6981; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 64, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated previously made technical corrections. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 3202(b) of Fiscal Year 2002 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-124, August 3, 2001, 48 DCR 7861). Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 19 of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (1999 Act).
DC Code § 28-5001 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 50 - Electronic Mail Spam Deterrence|§ 28-5001. Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter, the term: (1) “Assist in the transmission” means actions taken by a person to procure, enable, finance, or otherwise actively support the transmission of a commercial electronic mail message by another person, if the person or entity providing the assistance knows or should have known that the initiator of the commercial electronic mail message is engaged, or intends to engage, in any practice that violates this chapter. The term “assist in the transmission” shall not include activities of any person or entity related to the design, manufacture, or distribution of any technology, product, or component that has a commercially significant use other than to violate or circumvent this chapter. (2) “Commercial electronic mail message” means an electronic mail message sent for the purpose of encouraging the purchase, rental of, or investment in, property, goods, intangibles, or services. (3) “Electronic mail” means an electronic message or computer file containing an image of a message that is transmitted between 2 or more computers, electronic terminals, or cellular telephones, and includes electronic messages that are transmitted within or between computer networks. (4) “Electronic mail service provider” means any entity that is an intermediary in sending or receiving electronic mail or that provides to end-users of electronic mail services the ability to send or receive electronic mail. (5) “Header information” means the source, destination, and routing information attached to an electronic mail message, including the originating domain name and originating electronic mail address, and any other information that appears in the line identifying, or purporting to identify, a person initiating the message.  (Sept. 11, 2008, D.C. Law 17-230, § 2, 55 DCR 8311; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, §§ 245(b), (e), 56 DCR 1117.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated previously made technical corrections in the section designation, the introductory language, and par. (1).
DC Code § 28-5002 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 50 - Electronic Mail Spam Deterrence|§ 28-5002. Prohibitions

(a) A person or entity shall not: (1) Transmit, or assist in the transmission of, a commercial electronic mail message that: (A) Falsely identifies electronic mail transmission information, including header information, or other routing information; or (B) Contains false or misleading information in the subject line; or (2) Transmit, or assist in the transmission of, a commercial electronic mail message using a third party’s Internet address, domain name, or identity without the third party’s consent for the purpose of transmitting electronic mail in a manner that makes it appear that the third party was the sender of the message or that results in responses to the message being directed to the third party. (b) The prohibitions contained in this section shall apply to any person or entity who transmits, or who assists in the transmission of, a commercial electronic mail message: (1) From a computer located in the District of Columbia; (2) To an electronic mail address held by a resident of the District of Columbia; (3) To an electronic mail service provider with equipment or its principal place of business in the District of Columbia; or (4) To a domain name registered to a resident of the District of Columbia.  (Sept. 11, 2008, D.C. Law 17-230, § 3, 55 DCR 8311; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, § 245(c), 56 DCR 1117.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated a previously made technical correction in the section designation.