reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-502 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 4A-502 - Creditor Process Served on Receiving Bank; Setoff by Beneficiary's Bank

    (a)    As used in this section, “creditor process” means levy, attachment, garnishment, notice of lien, sequestration, or similar process issued by or on behalf of a creditor or other claimant with respect to an account.    (b)    This subsection applies to creditor process with respect to an authorized account of the sender of a payment order if the creditor process is served on the receiving bank. For the purpose of determining rights with respect to the creditor process, if the receiving bank accepts the payment order the balance in the authorized account is deemed to be reduced by the amount of the payment order to the extent the bank did not otherwise receive payment of the order, unless the creditor process is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank accepts the payment order.    (c)    If a beneficiary’s bank has received a payment order for payment to the beneficiary’s account in the bank, the following rules apply:        (1)    The bank may credit the beneficiary’s account. The amount credited may be set off against an obligation owed by the beneficiary to the bank or may be applied to satisfy creditor process served on the bank with respect to the account.        (2)    The bank may credit the beneficiary’s account and allow withdrawal of the amount credited unless creditor process with respect to the account is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act to prevent withdrawal.        (3)    If creditor process with respect to the beneficiary’s account has been served and the bank has had a reasonable opportunity to act on it, the bank may not reject the payment order except for a reason unrelated to the service of process.    (d)    Creditor process with respect to a payment by the originator to the beneficiary pursuant to a funds transfer may be served only on the beneficiary’s bank with respect to the debt owed by that bank to the beneficiary. Any other bank served with the creditor process is not obliged to act with respect to the process.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-503 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 4A-503 - Injunction or Restraining Order With Respect to Funds Transfer

    For proper cause and in compliance with applicable law, a court may restrain: (i) a person from issuing a payment order to initiate a funds transfer; (ii) an originator’s bank from executing the payment order of the originator; or (iii) the beneficiary’s bank from releasing funds to the beneficiary or the beneficiary from withdrawing the funds. A court may not otherwise restrain a person from issuing a payment order, paying or receiving payment of a payment order, or otherwise acting with respect to a funds transfer.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-504 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 4A-504 - Order in Which Items and Payment Orders May Be Charged to Account; Order of Withdrawals From Account

    (a)    If a receiving bank has received more than 1 payment order of the sender or 1 or more payment orders and other items that are payable from the sender’s account, the bank may charge the sender’s account with respect to the various orders and items in any sequence.    (b)    In determining whether a credit to an account has been withdrawn by the holder of the account or applied to a debt of the holder of the account, credits first made to the account are first withdrawn or applied.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-505 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 4A-505 - Preclusion of Objection to Debit of Customer's Account

    If a receiving bank has received payment from its customer with respect to a payment order issued in the name of the customer as sender and accepted by the bank, and the customer received notification reasonably identifying the order, the customer is precluded from asserting that the bank is not entitled to retain the payment unless the customer notifies the bank of the customer’s objection to the payment within 1 year after the notification was received by the customer.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-506 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 4A-506 - Rate of Interest

    (a)    If, under this title, a receiving bank is obliged to pay interest with respect to a payment order issued to the bank, the amount payable may be determined: (i) by agreement of the sender and receiving bank; or (ii) by a funds-transfer system rule if the payment order is transmitted through a funds-transfer system.    (b)    If the amount of interest is not determined by an agreement or rule as stated in subsection (a) of this section, the amount is calculated by multiplying the applicable federal funds rate by the amount on which interest is payable, and then multiplying the product by the number of days for which interest is payable. The applicable federal funds rate is the average of the federal funds rates published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for each of the days for which interest is payable divided by 360. The federal funds rate for any day on which a published rate is not available is the same as the published rate for the next preceding day for which there is a published rate. If a receiving bank that accepted a payment order is required to refund payment to the sender of the order because the funds transfer was not completed, but the failure to complete was not due to any fault by the bank, the interest payable is reduced by a percentage equal to the reserve requirement on deposits of the receiving bank.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-507 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 4A-507 - Choice of Law

    (a)    The following rules apply unless the affected parties otherwise agree or subsection (c) of this section applies:        (1)    The rights and obligations between the sender of a payment order and the receiving bank are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the receiving bank is located.        (2)    The rights and obligations between the beneficiary’s bank and the beneficiary are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the beneficiary’s bank is located.        (3)    The issue of when payment is made pursuant to a funds transfer by the originator to the beneficiary is governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the beneficiary’s bank is located.    (b)    If the parties described in each paragraph of subsection (a) of this section have made an agreement selecting the law of a particular jurisdiction to govern rights and obligations between each other, the law of that jurisdiction governs those rights and obligations, whether or not the payment order or the funds transfer bears a reasonable relation to that jurisdiction.    (c)    A funds-transfer system rule may select the law of a particular jurisdiction to govern: (i) rights and obligations between participating banks with respect to payment orders transmitted or processed through the system; or (ii) the rights and obligations of some or all parties to a funds transfer any part of which is carried out by means of the system. A choice of law made pursuant to clause (i) of this subsection is binding on participating banks. A choice of law made pursuant to clause (ii) of this subsection is binding on the originator, other sender, or a receiving bank having notice that the funds-transfer system might be used in the funds transfer and of the choice of law by the system when the originator, other sender, or receiving bank issued or accepted a payment order. The beneficiary of a funds transfer is bound by the choice of law if, when the funds transfer is initiated, the beneficiary has notice that the funds-transfer system might be used in the funds transfer and of the choice of law by the system. The law of a jurisdiction selected pursuant to this subsection may govern, whether or not that law bears a reasonable relation to the matter in issue.    (d)    In the event of inconsistency between an agreement under subsection (b) of this section and a choice-of-law rule under subsection (c) of this section, the agreement under subsection (b) of this section prevails.    (e)    If a funds transfer is made by use of more than 1 funds-transfer system and there is inconsistency between choice-of-law rules of the systems, the matter in issue is governed by the law of the selected jurisdiction that has the most significant relationship to the matter in issue.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 1 - In General|Section 7-101 - Short Title

    This title may be cited as the Maryland Uniform Commercial Code - Documents of Title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 1 - In General|Section 7-102 - Definitions and Index of Definitions

    (a)    In this title, unless the context otherwise requires:        (1)    “Bailee” means a person that by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading, or other document of title acknowledges possession of goods and contracts to deliver them.        (2)    “Carrier” means a person that issues a bill of lading.        (3)    “Consignee” means a person named in a bill of lading to which or to whose order the bill promises delivery.        (4)    “Consignor” means a person named in a bill of lading as the person from which the goods have been received for shipment.        (5)    “Delivery order” means a record that contains an order to deliver goods directed to a warehouse, carrier, or other person that in the ordinary course of business issues warehouse receipts or bills of lading.        (6)    Reserved.        (7)    “Goods” means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a contract for storage or transportation.        (8)    “Issuer” means a bailee that issues a document of title or, in the case of an unaccepted delivery order, the person that orders the possessor of goods to deliver. The term includes a person for which an agent or employee purports to act in issuing a document if the agent or employee has real or apparent authority to issue documents, even if the issuer did not receive any goods, the goods were misdescribed, or in any other respect the agent or employee violated the issuer’s instructions.        (9)    “Person entitled under the document” means the holder, in the case of a negotiable document of title, or the person to which delivery of the goods is to be made by the terms of, or pursuant to instructions in a record under, a nonnegotiable document of title.        (10)    Reserved.        (11)    “Sign” means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record:            (A)    To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or            (B)    To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic sound, symbol, or process.        (12)    “Shipper” means a person that enters into a contract of transportation with a carrier.        (13)    “Warehouse” means a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire.    (b)    Definitions in other titles applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:        (1)    “Contract for sale”, § 2-106.        (2)    “Lessee in ordinary course”, § 2A-103.        (3)    “Receipt” of goods, § 2-103.    (c)    In addition, Title 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 1 - In General|Section 7-103 - Relation of Title to Treaty, Statute, Regulation; Bailments; Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act; Title 21 of This Article

    (a)    This title is subject to any treaty or statute of the United States or regulatory statute of this State to the extent the treaty, statute, or regulatory statute is applicable.    (b)    This title does not modify or repeal any law prescribing the form or content of a document of title or the services or facilities to be afforded by a bailee, or otherwise regulating a bailee’s business in respects not specifically treated in this title. However, violation of such a law does not affect the status of a document of title that otherwise is within the definition of a document of title.    (c)    This title modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. § 7001, et seq.) but does not modify, limit, or supersede § 101(c) of that Act (15 U.S.C. § 7001(c)) or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in § 103(b) of that Act (15 U.S.C. § 7003(b)).    (d)    To the extent there is a conflict between Title 21 of this article and this title, this title governs.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 1 - In General|Section 7-104 - Negotiable and Nonnegotiable Documents of Title

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a document of title is negotiable if by its terms the goods are to be delivered to bearer or to the order of a named person.    (b)    A document of title other than one described in subsection (a) is nonnegotiable. A bill of lading that states that the goods are consigned to a named person is not made negotiable by a provision that the goods are to be delivered only against an order in a record signed by the same or another named person.    (c)    A document of title is nonnegotiable if, at the time it is issued, the document has a conspicuous legend, however expressed, that it is nonnegotiable.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 1 - In General|Section 7-105 - Electronic and Tangible Documents of Title

    (a)    Upon request of a person entitled under an electronic document of title, the issuer of the electronic document may issue a tangible document of title as a substitute for the electronic document if:        (1)    The person entitled under the electronic document surrenders control of the document to the issuer; and        (2)    The tangible document when issued contains a statement that it is issued in substitution for the electronic document.    (b)    Upon issuance of a tangible document of title in substitution for an electronic document of title in accordance with subsection (a):        (1)    The electronic document ceases to have any effect or validity; and        (2)    The person that procured issuance of the tangible document warrants to all subsequent persons entitled under the tangible document that the warrantor was a person entitled under the electronic document when the warrantor surrendered control of the electronic document to the issuer.    (c)    Upon request of a person entitled under a tangible document of title, the issuer of the tangible document may issue an electronic document of title as a substitute for the tangible document if:        (1)    The person entitled under the tangible document surrenders possession of the document to the issuer; and        (2)    The electronic document when issued contains a statement that it is issued in substitution for the tangible document.    (d)    Upon issuance of an electronic document of title in substitution for a tangible document of title in accordance with subsection (c):        (1)    The tangible document ceases to have any effect or validity; and        (2)    The person that procured issuance of the electronic document warrants to all subsequent persons entitled under the electronic document that the warrantor was a person entitled under the tangible document when the warrantor surrendered possession of the tangible document to the issuer.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 1 - In General|Section 7-106 - Control of Electronic Documents of Title; Systems

    (a)    A person has control of an electronic document of title if a system employed for evidencing the transfer of interests in the electronic document reliably establishes that person as the person to which the electronic document was issued or transferred.    (b)    A system satisfies subsection (a), and a person is deemed to have control of an electronic document of title, if the document is created, stored, and assigned in such a manner that:        (1)    A single authoritative copy of the document exists which is unique, identifiable, and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), unalterable;        (2)    The authoritative copy identifies the person asserting control as:            (A)    The person to which the document was issued; or            (B)    If the authoritative copy indicates that the document has been transferred, the person to which the document was most recently transferred;        (3)    The authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the person asserting control or its designated custodian;        (4)    Copies or amendments that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the person asserting control;        (5)    Each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and        (6)    Any amendment of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as authorized or unauthorized.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-201 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-201 - Who May Issue a Warehouse Receipt; Storage Under Government Bond

    (a)    A warehouse receipt may be issued by any warehouse.    (b)    If goods, including distilled spirits and agricultural commodities, are stored under a statute requiring a bond against withdrawal or a license for the issuance of receipts in the nature of warehouse receipts, a receipt issued for the goods is deemed to be a warehouse receipt even if issued by a person that is the owner of the goods and is not a warehouse.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-202 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-202 - Form of Warehouse Receipt; Essential Terms; Optional Terms

    (a)    A warehouse receipt need not be in any particular form.    (b)    Unless a warehouse receipt provides for each of the following, the warehouse is liable for damages caused to a person injured by its omission:        (1)    A statement of the location of the warehouse facility where the goods are stored;        (2)    The date of issue of the receipt;        (3)    The unique identification code of the receipt;        (4)    A statement whether the goods received will be delivered to the bearer, to a named person, or to a named person or its order;        (5)    The rate of storage and handling charges, unless goods are stored under a field warehousing arrangement, in which case a statement of that fact is sufficient on a nonnegotiable receipt;        (6)    A description of the goods or the packages containing them;        (7)    The signature of the warehouse or its agent;        (8)    If the receipt is issued for goods that the warehouse owns, either solely, jointly, or in common with others, a statement of the fact of that ownership; and        (9)    A statement of the amount of advances made and of liabilities incurred for which the warehouse claims a lien or security interest, unless the precise amount of advances made or liabilities incurred, at the time of the issue of the receipt, is unknown to the warehouse or to its agent that issued the receipt, in which case a statement of the fact that advances have been made or liabilities incurred and the purpose of the advances or liabilities is sufficient.    (c)    A warehouse may insert in its receipt any terms that are not contrary to the Maryland Uniform Commercial Code and do not impair its obligation of delivery under § 7-403 or its duty of care under § 7-204. Any contrary provision is ineffective.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-203 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-203 - Liability for Nonreceipt or Misdescription

    A party to or purchaser for value in good faith of a document of title, other than a bill of lading, that relies upon the description of the goods in the document may recover from the issuer damages caused by the nonreceipt or misdescription of the goods, except to the extent that:         (1)    The document conspicuously indicates that the issuer does not know whether all or part of the goods in fact were received or conform to the description, such as a case in which the description is in terms of marks or labels or kind, quantity, or condition, or the receipt or description is qualified by “contents, condition, and quality unknown”, “said to contain”, or words of similar import, if the indication is true; or        (2)    The party or purchaser otherwise has notice of the nonreceipt or misdescription.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-204 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-204 - Duty of Care; Contractual Limitation of Liability of Warehouse

    (a)    A warehouse is liable for damages for loss of or injury to the goods caused by its failure to exercise care with regard to the goods that a reasonably careful person would exercise under similar circumstances. Unless otherwise agreed, the warehouse is not liable for damages that could not have been avoided by the exercise of that care.    (b)    Damages may be limited by a term in the warehouse receipt or storage agreement limiting the amount of liability in case of loss or damage beyond which the warehouse is not liable. Such a limitation is not effective with respect to the warehouse’s liability for conversion to its own use. On request of the bailor in a record at the time of signing the storage agreement or within a reasonable time after receipt of the warehouse receipt, the warehouse’s liability may be increased on part or all of the goods covered by the storage agreement or the warehouse receipt. In this event, increased rates may be charged based on an increased valuation of the goods.    (c)    Reasonable provisions as to the time and manner of presenting claims and commencing actions based on the bailment may be included in the warehouse receipt or storage agreement.    (d)    This section does not modify or repeal any statute that imposes a higher responsibility upon the warehouse or invalidates a contractual limitation that would be permissible under this title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-205 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-205 - Title Under Warehouse Receipt Defeated in Certain Cases

    A buyer in ordinary course of business of fungible goods sold and delivered by a warehouse that is also in the business of buying and selling such goods takes the goods free of any claim under a warehouse receipt even if the receipt is negotiable and has been duly negotiated.