reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 14-5-204 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 2 - Jurisdiction|§ 14-5-204. Simultaneous Proceedings

  A tribunal of this state may exercise jurisdiction to establish a support order if the petition or comparable pleading is filed after a pleading is filed in another state or a foreign country only if:   The petition or comparable pleading in this state is filed before the expiration of the time allowed in the other state or the foreign country for filing a responsive pleading challenging the exercise of jurisdiction by the other state or the foreign country;    The contesting party timely challenges the exercise of jurisdiction in the other state or the foreign country; and    If relevant, this state is the home state of the child.       A tribunal of this state may not exercise jurisdiction to establish a support order if the petition or comparable pleading is filed before a petition or comparable pleading is filed in another state or a foreign country if:   The petition or comparable pleading in the other state or foreign country is filed before the expiration of the time allowed in this state for filing a responsive pleading challenging the exercise of jurisdiction by this state;    The contesting party timely challenges the exercise of jurisdiction in this state; and    If relevant, the other state or foreign country is the home state of the child.        History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1585, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 2015: Entire section amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 548, § 7, effective July 1.    COMMENT   Under the one-order system established by UIFSA, it was necessary to provide a procedure to eliminate the multiple orders so common under RURESA and URESA. This requires cooperation between, and deference by, state tribunals in order to avoid issuance of competing support orders. To this end, tribunals are expected to take an active role in seeking out information about support proceedings in another state or foreign country concerning the same child. Depending on the circumstances, one of the two tribunals considering the same support obligation should decide to defer to the other. The inclusion of a foreign country in this investigation facilitates the goal of a “one-order world” for a support obligation.   UIFSA (1992) took a significant departure from the approach adopted by the UCCJA (1986) (“first filing”), by choosing the “home state of the child” as the primary factual basis for resolving competing jurisdictional disputes. Not coincidentally, this had previously been the choice for resolving jurisdiction conflicts of the federal Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act, 28 U.S.C. Section 1738A (1980). Given the pre-emptive nature of the PKPA, and the possibility that custody and support will both be involved in some cases, the PKPA/UIFSA choice for resolving disputes between competing jurisdictional assertions was followed in 1997 by the decision of NCCUSL to replace the UCCJA with the UCCJEA. If the child has no home state, however, “first filing” will control.
CO Code § 14-5-206 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 2 - Jurisdiction|§ 14-5-206. Continuing Jurisdiction to Enforce Child Support Order

  A tribunal of this state that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this state may serve as an initiating tribunal to request a tribunal of another state to enforce:   The order if the order is the controlling order and has not been modified by a tribunal of another state that assumed jurisdiction pursuant to the “Uniform Interstate Family Support Act”; or    A money judgment for arrears of support and interest on the order accrued before a determination that an order of a tribunal of another state is the controlling order.       A tribunal of this state having continuing jurisdiction over a support order may act as a responding tribunal to enforce the order.    (Deleted by amendment,L. 2003, p. 1246, § 6, effective July 1, 2004.)     History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1586, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1246, § 6, effective July 1, 2004. L. 2015: (a)(2) amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 548, § 8, effective July 1.    OFFICIAL COMMENT   This section is the correlative of the continuing, exclusive jurisdiction described in the preceding section. It makes the relatively subtle distinction between the CEJ “to modify a support order” established in Section 205 and the “continuing jurisdiction to enforce” established in this section. A keystone of UIFSA is that the power to enforce the order of the issuing tribunal is not “exclusive” with that tribunal. Rather, on request one or more responding tribunals may also exercise authority to enforce the order of the issuing tribunal. Secondly, under the one-order-at-a-time system, the validity and enforceability of the controlling order continues unabated until it is fully complied with, unless it is replaced by a modified order issued in accordance with the standards established by Sections 609-616. That is, even if the individual parties and the child no longer reside in the issuing state, the controlling order remains in effect and may be enforced by the issuing tribunal or any responding tribunal without regard to the fact that the potential for its modification and replacement exists.   Subsection (a) authorizes the issuing tribunal to initiate a request for enforcement of its order by a tribunal of another state if its order is controlling, Section 207, or to request reconciliation of the arrears and interest due on its order if another order is controlling.  see  Subsection (b) reiterates that the issuing tribunal has jurisdiction to serve as a responding tribunal to enforce its own order at the request of another tribunal.   Related to Convention: art. 19. Scope of the Chapter.
CO Code § 14-5-208 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 2 - Jurisdiction|§ 14-5-208. Child Support Orders for Two or More Obligees

 In responding to registrations or petitions for enforcement of two or more child support orders in effect at the same time with regard to the same obligor and different individual obligees, at least one of which was issued by a tribunal of another state or a foreign country, a tribunal of this state shall enforce those orders in the same manner as if the orders had been issued by a tribunal of this state.   History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1587, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1248, § 8, effective July 1, 2004. L. 2015: Entire section amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 549, § 10, effective July 1.    COMMENT   This section is concerned with those multiple orders that involve two or more families of the same obligor. Although all such orders are entitled to enforcement, practical difficulties frequently exist. For example, full enforcement of each of the multiple orders may exceed the maximum allowed for income withholding. The federal statute, 42 U.S.C. § 666(b)(1), requires that to be eligible for the federal funding for enforcement, states must provide a ceiling for child-support withholding expressed in a percentage that may not exceed the federal law limitations on wage garnishment, Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968, 15 U.S.C. § 1673(b). In order to allocate resources between competing families, UIFSA refers to state law. The basic principle is that one or more support orders for an out-of-state family of the obligor, and one or more orders for an in-state family, are of equal dignity. In allocating payments to different obligees, every child-support order should be treated as if it had been issued by a tribunal of the forum state, that is, preferential treatment for a local family over an out-of-state family is prohibited by local law. The addition of a foreign support order to the formula supplied by this section should assure that all children will have equal ability to obtain their share of child support.
CO Code § 14-5-209 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 2 - Jurisdiction|§ 14-5-209. Credit for Payment

 A tribunal of this state shall credit amounts collected for a particular period pursuant to any child support order against the amounts owed for the same period under any other child support order for support of the same child issued by a tribunal of this state, another state, or a foreign country.   History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1588, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1248, § 9, effective July 1, 2004. L. 2015: Entire section amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 549, § 11, effective July 1.    COMMENT   The issuing tribunal is ultimately responsible for the overall control of the enforcement methods employed and for accounting for the payments made on its order from multiple sources. Until that scheme is fully in place, however, it will be necessary to continue to mandate pro tanto credit for actual payments made against all existing orders. The addition to include a foreign support order in the calculation should assure all payments of support are properly credited. This section does not attempt to impact the way support paid in an individual case is apportioned or distributed between the obligee and one or more states asserting a claim to the monies.
CO Code § 14-5-211 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 2 - Jurisdiction|§ 14-5-211. Continuing, Exclusive Jurisdiction to Modify Spousal-Support Order

  A tribunal of this state issuing a spousal-support order consistent with the law of this state has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify the spousal-support order throughout the existence of the support obligation.    A tribunal of this state may not modify a spousal-support order issued by a tribunal of another state or a foreign country having continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over that order under the law of that state or foreign country.    A tribunal of this state that has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over a spousal-support order may serve as:   An initiating tribunal to request a tribunal of another state to enforce the spousal-support order issued in this state; or    A responding tribunal to enforce or modify its own spousal-support order.        History. Source: L. 2003: Entire section added, p. 1248, § 10, effective July 1, 2004. L. 2015: (b) amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 550, § 13, effective July 1.    OFFICIAL COMMENT   The amendment to subsection (b) ensures that the restriction on modification of an out-of-state spousal-support order extends to a foreign order. At the same time, subsection (b) provides that the question of continuing, exclusive jurisdiction be resolved under the law of the issuing tribunal. Thus, if a foreign spousal- support order were subject to modification in another country by the law of the issuing tribunal, this section would permit modification in a tribunal of this state.   Related to Convention: art. 2. Scope.
CO Code § 14-5-302 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 3 - Civil Provisions of General Application|§ 14-5-302. Proceeding by Minor Parent

 A minor parent, or a guardian or other legal representative of a minor parent, may maintain a proceeding on behalf of or for the benefit of the minor's child.   History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1588, § 1, effective January 1, 1995.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 14-5-114 as it existed prior to 1993.   COMMENT   A minor parent may maintain a proceeding under UIFSA without the appointment of a guardian ad litem, even if the law of the forum jurisdiction requires a guardian for an in-state case. If a guardian or legal representative has been appointed, he or she may act on behalf of the minor's child in seeking support.
CO Code § 14-5-303 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 3 - Civil Provisions of General Application|§ 14-5-303. Application of Law of This State

 Except as otherwise provided in this article, a responding tribunal of this state shall:    Apply the procedural and substantive law generally applicable to similar proceedings originating in this state and may exercise all powers and provide all remedies available in those proceedings; and    Determine the duty of support and the amount payable in accordance with the law and support guidelines of this state.     History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1589, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1250, § 12, effective July 1, 2004.    COMMENT   Historically states have insisted that forum law be applied to support cases whenever possible. This continues to be a key principle of UIFSA. In general, a responding tribunal has the same powers in a proceeding involving parties in a case with interstate or international effect as it has in an intrastate case. This inevitably means that the act is not self-contained; rather, it is supplemented by the forum's statutes and procedures governing support orders. To insure the efficient processing of the huge number of interstate support cases, it is vital that decision makers apply familiar rules of law to the maximum degree possible. This must be accomplished in a manner consistent with the overriding principle of UIFSA that enforcement is of the issuing tribunal's order, and that the responding state does not make the order its own as a condition of enforcing it.
CO Code § 14-5-306 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 3 - Civil Provisions of General Application|§ 14-5-306. Inappropriate Tribunal

 If a petition or comparable pleading is received by an inappropriate tribunal of this state, the tribunal shall forward the pleading and accompanying documents to an appropriate tribunal of this state or another state and notify the petitioner where and when the pleading was sent.   History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1590, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 97: Entire section amended, p. 537, § 8, effective July 1. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1251, § 15, effective July 1, 2004. L. 2015: Entire section amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 551, § 17, effective July 1.    COMMENT   If a [petition] or comparable pleading is received by an inappropriate tribunal of this state, the tribunal shall forward the pleading and accompanying documents to an appropriate tribunal of this state or another state and notify the [petitioner] where and when the pleading was sent. A tribunal receiving UIFSA documents in error is to forward the original documents to their proper destination without undue delay. This section was originally intended to apply both to initiating and responding tribunals receiving such documents, but the practical elimination of the role of initiating tribunals under modern practice now limits the notice requirement to the petitioner, i.e., the individual party or support enforcement agency, that filed (or misfiled) the document directly. For example, if a tribunal is inappropriately designated as the responding tribunal, it shall forward the petition to the appropriate responding tribunal wherever located, if known, and notify the petitioner of its action. Such a procedure is much to be preferred to returning the documents to the petitioner to begin the process anew.   Cooperation of this sort will facilitate the ultimate goals of the act. Although by its terms this section applies only to a tribunal of this state, it can be anticipated that the support enforcement agency will also assist in transferring documents to the appropriate tribunal. Note the section does not contemplate that a state tribunal will forward documents to a tribunal in a foreign country.
CO Code § 14-5-308 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 3 - Civil Provisions of General Application|§ 14-5-308. Duty of Attorney General

  If the attorney general determines that the support enforcement agency is neglecting or refusing to provide services to an individual, the attorney general may order the agency to perform its duties under this article or may provide those services directly to the individual.    The attorney general may determine that a foreign country has established a reciprocal arrangement for child support with this state and take appropriate action for notification of the determination.     History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1591, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1252, § 17, effective July 1, 2004. L. 2015: (b) amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 551, § 19, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 14-5-113 as it existed prior to 1993.   COMMENT   Subsection (b) makes clear that a state has a variety of options in determining the international scope of its IV-D support enforcement program. Of course, a federal declaration that a foreign jurisdiction is a reciprocating country or political subdivision is controlling. Section 102(5)(A). However, each state may designate an official with authority to make a statewide, binding determination recognizing a foreign country, foreign nation state, or political subdivision as having a reciprocal arrangement with that state. Section 102(5)(B).  See See
CO Code § 14-5-309 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 3 - Civil Provisions of General Application|§ 14-5-309. Private Counsel

 An individual may employ private counsel to represent the individual in proceedings authorized by this article.   History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1591, § 1, effective January 1, 1995.    COMMENT   The right of a party to retain private counsel in a proceeding brought under UIFSA is explicitly recognized. The failure to clearly recognize that power under the prior uniform acts led to confusion and inconsistent decisions. The Convention implicitly recognizes that the right to employ an attorney is to be available in every Convention country, but does not explicitly mention retaining private counsel. A “competent authority” in Convention terminology is equivalent to a tribunal.   Related to Convention: art. 37. Direct requests to competent authorities.
CO Code § 14-5-310 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 3 - Civil Provisions of General Application|§ 14-5-310. Duties of State Information Agency

  The state department of human services is the state information agency under this article.    The state information agency shall:   Compile and maintain a current list, including addresses, of the tribunals in this state which have jurisdiction under this article and any support enforcement agencies in this state and transmit a copy to the state information agency of every other state;    Maintain a register of names and addresses of tribunals and support enforcement agencies received from other states;    Forward to the appropriate tribunal in the county in this state in which the obligee who is an individual or the obligor resides, or in which the obligor's property is believed to be located, all documents concerning a proceeding under this article received from another state or a foreign country; and    Obtain information concerning the location of the obligor and the obligor's property within this state not exempt from execution, by such means as postal verification and federal or state locator services, examination of telephone directories, requests for the obligor's address from employers, and examination of governmental records, including, to the extent not prohibited by other law, those relating to real property, vital statistics, law enforcement, taxation, motor vehicles, driver's licenses, and social security.        History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1591, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 94: (a) amended, p. 2644, § 102, effective July 1. L. 2003: (b)(2) and (b)(3) amended, p. 1252, § 18, effective July 1, 2004. L. 2015: (b)(3) amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 551, § 20, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 14-5-118 as it existed prior to 1993.   Cross references:   For the legislative declaration contained in the 1994 act amending subsection (a), see section 1 of chapter 345, Session Laws of Colorado 1994.   COMMENT   Subsection (a) identifies the state information agency.   Subsection (b) details the duties of that agency insofar as interstate proceedings are concerned. Subsection (b)(4) does not provide independent access to the information sources or to the governmental documents listed. Because states have different requirements and limitations concerning such access based on differing views of the privacy interests of individual citizens, the agency is directed to use all lawful means under the relevant state law to obtain and disseminate information.
CO Code § 14-5-312 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 14 - Domestic Matters|Article 5 - Uniform Interstate Family Support Act|Part 3 - Civil Provisions of General Application|§ 14-5-312. Nondisclosure of Information in Exceptional Circumstances

 If a party alleges in an affidavit or a pleading under oath that the health, safety, or liberty of a party or child would be jeopardized by disclosure of specific identifying information, that information shall be sealed and may not be disclosed to the other party or the public. After a hearing in which a tribunal takes into consideration the health, safety, or liberty of the party or child, the tribunal may order disclosure of information that the tribunal determines to be in the interest of justice.   History. Source: L. 93: Entire article R&RE, p. 1592, § 1, effective January 1, 1995. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1253, § 20, effective July 1, 2004.    COMMENT   UIFSA (1992) recognized that enforcement of child support across state lines might have an unintended consequence of putting a party or child at risk if domestic violence was involved in the past. This section is a substantial revision of the statutory formulation originally developed in UIFSA (1992). It conforms to the comparable provision in the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act Section 209. Public awareness of and sensitivity to the dangers of domestic violence has significantly increased since interstate enforcement of support originated. This section authorizes confidentiality in instances where there is a risk of domestic violence or child abduction. Section 712, , incorporates language from the Convention to restrict dissemination of personal jurisdiction to protect victims of domestic violence.  infra  Although local law generally governs the conduct of the forum tribunal, state law may not provide for maintaining secrecy about the exact whereabouts of a litigant or other information ordinarily required to be disclosed under state law, i.e., Social Security number of the parties or the child. If so, this section creates a confidentiality provision that is particularly appropriate in light of the intractable problems associated with interstate parental kidnapping, the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA), 28 U.S.C. § 1738A.  see  Related to Convention: art. 38. Protection of personal data; art. 39. Confidentiality; art. 40. Non-disclosure of information.