reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-206 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-206 - Termination of Storage at Option of Warehouse

    (a)    A warehouse, by giving notice to the person on whose account the goods are held and any other person known to claim an interest in the goods, may require payment of any charges and removal of the goods from the warehouse at the termination of the period of storage fixed by the document of title or, if a period is not fixed, within a stated period not less than 30 days after the warehouse gives notice. If the goods are not removed before the date specified in the notice, the warehouse may sell them pursuant to § 7-210.    (b)    If a warehouse in good faith believes that goods are about to deteriorate or decline in value to less than the amount of its lien within the time provided in subsection (a) and § 7-210, the warehouse may specify in the notice given under subsection (a) any reasonable shorter time for removal of the goods and, if the goods are not removed, may sell them at public sale held not less than 1 week after a single advertisement or posting.    (c)    If, as a result of a quality or condition of the goods of which the warehouse did not have notice at the time of deposit, the goods are a hazard to other property, the warehouse facilities, or other persons, the warehouse may sell the goods at public or private sale without advertisement or posting on reasonable notification to all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. If the warehouse, after a reasonable effort, is unable to sell the goods, it may dispose of them in any lawful manner and does not incur liability by reason of that disposition.    (d)    A warehouse shall deliver the goods to any person entitled to them under this title upon due demand made at any time before sale or other disposition under this section.    (e)    A warehouse may satisfy its lien from the proceeds of any sale or disposition under this section but shall hold the balance for delivery on the demand of any person to which the warehouse would have been bound to deliver the goods.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-207 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-207 - Goods Must Be Kept Separate; Fungible Goods

    (a)    Unless the warehouse receipt provides otherwise, a warehouse shall keep separate the goods covered by each receipt so as to permit at all times identification and delivery of those goods. However, different lots of fungible goods may be commingled.    (b)    If different lots of fungible goods are commingled, the goods are owned in common by the persons entitled thereto and the warehouse is severally liable to each owner for that owner’s share. If, because of overissue, a mass of fungible goods is insufficient to meet all the receipts the warehouse has issued against it, the persons entitled include all holders to which overissued receipts have been duly negotiated.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-208 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 2 - Warehouse Receipts; Special Provisions|Section 7-208 - Altered Warehouse Receipts

    If a blank in a negotiable tangible warehouse receipt has been filled in without authority, a good-faith purchaser for value and without notice of the lack of authority may treat the insertion as authorized. Any other unauthorized alteration leaves any tangible or electronic warehouse receipt enforceable against the issuer according to its original tenor.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-301 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-301 - Liability for Nonreceipt or Misdescription; "Said to Contain" and Similar Phrases; "Shipper's Weight, Load and Count"; Improper Handling

    (a)    A consignee of a nonnegotiable bill of lading which has given value in good faith, or a holder to which a negotiable bill has been duly negotiated, relying upon the description of the goods in the bill or upon the date shown in the bill, may recover from the issuer damages caused by the misdating of the bill or the nonreceipt or misdescription of the goods, except to the extent that the bill indicates that the issuer does not know whether any part or all of the goods in fact were received or conform to the description, such as in a case in which the description is in terms of marks or labels or kind, quantity, or condition or the receipt or description is qualified by “contents or condition of contents of packages unknown”, “said to contain”, “shipper’s weight, load, and count”, or words of similar import, if that indication is true.    (b)    If goods are loaded by the issuer of a bill of lading:        (1)    The issuer shall count the packages of goods if shipped in packages and ascertain the kind and quantity if shipped in bulk; and        (2)    Words such as “shipper’s weight, load, and count”, or words of similar import indicating that the description was made by the shipper are ineffective except as to goods concealed in packages.    (c)    If bulk goods are loaded by a shipper that makes available to the issuer of a bill of lading adequate facilities for weighing those goods, the issuer shall ascertain the kind and quantity within a reasonable time after receiving the shipper’s request in a record to do so. In that case, “shipper’s weight” or words of similar import are ineffective.    (d)    The issuer of a bill of lading, by including in the bill the words “shipper’s weight, load, and count”, or words of similar import, may indicate that the goods were loaded by the shipper, and, if that statement is true, the issuer is not liable for damages caused by the improper loading. However, omission of such words does not imply liability for damages caused by improper loading.    (e)    A shipper guarantees to an issuer the accuracy at the time of shipment of the description, marks, labels, number, kind, quantity, condition, and weight, as furnished by the shipper, and the shipper shall indemnify the issuer against damage caused by inaccuracies in those particulars. This right of indemnity does not limit the issuer’s responsibility or liability under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-302 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-302 - Through Bills of Lading and Similar Documents

    (a)    The issuer of a through bill of lading or other document of title embodying an undertaking to be performed in part by a person acting as its agent or by a performing carrier is liable to any person entitled to recover on the bill or other document for any breach by the other person or the performing carrier of its obligation under the bill or other document. However, to the extent that the bill or other document covers an undertaking to be performed overseas or in territory not contiguous to the continental United States or an undertaking including matters other than transportation, this liability for breach by the other person or the performing carrier may be varied by agreement of the parties.    (b)    If goods covered by a through bill of lading or other document of title embodying an undertaking to be performed in part by a person other than the issuer are received by that person, the person is subject, with respect to its own performance while the goods are in its possession, to the obligation of the issuer. The person’s obligation is discharged by delivery of the goods to another person pursuant to the bill or other document and does not include liability for breach by any other person or by the issuer.    (c)    The issuer of a through bill of lading or other document of title described in subsection (a) is entitled to recover from the performing carrier, or other person in possession of the goods when the breach of the obligation under the bill or other document occurred:        (1)    The amount it may be required to pay to any person entitled to recover on the bill or other document for the breach, as may be evidenced by any receipt, judgment, or transcript of judgment; and        (2)    The amount of any expense reasonably incurred by the issuer in defending any action commenced by any person entitled to recover on the bill or other document for the breach.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-303 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-303 - Diversion; Reconsignment; Change of Instructions

    (a)    Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, a carrier may deliver the goods to a person or destination other than that stated in the bill or may otherwise dispose of the goods, without liability for misdelivery, on instructions from:        (1)    The holder of a negotiable bill;        (2)    The consignor on a nonnegotiable bill, even if the consignee has given contrary instructions;        (3)    The consignee on a nonnegotiable bill in the absence of contrary instructions from the consignor, if the goods have arrived at the billed destination or if the consignee is in possession of the tangible bill or in control of the electronic bill; or        (4)    The consignee on a nonnegotiable bill, if the consignee is entitled as against the consignor to dispose of the goods.    (b)    Unless instructions described in subsection (a) are included in a negotiable bill of lading, a person to which the bill is duly negotiated may hold the bailee according to the original terms.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-304 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-304 - Tangible Bills of Lading in a Set

    (a)    Except as customary in international transportation, a tangible bill of lading may not be issued in a set of parts. The issuer is liable for damages caused by violation of this subsection.    (b)    If a tangible bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts, each of which contains an identification code and is expressed to be valid only if the goods have not been delivered against any other part, the whole of the parts constitutes one bill.    (c)    If a tangible negotiable bill of lading is lawfully issued in a set of parts and different parts are negotiated to different persons, the title of the holder to which the first due negotiation is made prevails as to both the document of title and the goods even if any later holder may have received the goods from the carrier in good faith and discharged the carrier’s obligation by surrendering its part.    (d)    A person that negotiates or transfers a single part of a tangible bill of lading issued in a set is liable to holders of that part as if it were the whole set.    (e)    The bailee shall deliver in accordance with Subtitle 4 against the first presented part of a tangible bill of lading lawfully issued in a set. Delivery in this manner discharges the bailee’s obligation on the whole bill.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-305 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-305 - Destination Bills

    (a)    Instead of issuing a bill of lading to the consignor at the place of shipment, a carrier, at the request of the consignor, may procure the bill to be issued at destination or at any other place designated in the request.    (b)    Upon request of any person entitled as against a carrier to control the goods while in transit and on surrender of possession or control of any outstanding bill of lading or other receipt covering the goods, the issuer, subject to § 7-105, may procure a substitute bill to be issued at any place designated in the request.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-306 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-306 - Altered Bills of Lading

    An unauthorized alteration or filling in of a blank in a bill of lading leaves the bill enforceable according to its original tenor.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-307 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-307 - Lien of Carrier

    (a)    A carrier has a lien on the goods covered by a bill of lading or on the proceeds thereof in its possession for charges after the date of the carrier’s receipt of the goods for storage or transportation, including demurrage and terminal charges, and for expenses necessary for preservation of the goods incident to their transportation or reasonably incurred in their sale pursuant to law. However, against a purchaser for value of a negotiable bill of lading, a carrier’s lien is limited to charges stated in the bill or the applicable tariffs or, if no charges are stated, a reasonable charge.    (b)    A lien for charges and expenses under subsection (a) on goods that the carrier was required by law to receive for transportation is effective against the consignor or any person entitled to the goods unless the carrier had notice that the consignor lacked authority to subject the goods to those charges and expenses. Any other lien under subsection (a) is effective against the consignor and any person that permitted the bailor to have control or possession of the goods unless the carrier had notice that the bailor lacked authority.    (c)    A carrier loses its lien on any goods that it voluntarily delivers or unjustifiably refuses to deliver.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-308 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-308 - Enforcement of Carrier's Lien

    (a)    A carrier’s lien on goods may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in packages, at any time or place and on any terms that are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest in the goods. The notification must include a statement of the amount due, the nature of the proposed sale, and the time and place of any public sale. The fact that a better price could have been obtained by a sale at a different time or in a method different from that selected by the carrier is not of itself sufficient to establish that the sale was not made in a commercially reasonable manner. The carrier sells goods in a commercially reasonable manner if the carrier sells the goods in the usual manner in any recognized market therefor, sells at the price current in that market at the time of the sale, or otherwise sells in conformity with commercially reasonable practices among dealers in the type of goods sold. A sale of more goods than apparently necessary to be offered to ensure satisfaction of the obligation is not commercially reasonable, except in cases covered by the preceding sentence.    (b)    Before any sale pursuant to this section, any person claiming a right in the goods may pay the amount necessary to satisfy the lien and the reasonable expenses incurred in complying with this section. In that event, the goods may not be sold but must be retained by the carrier, subject to the terms of the bill of lading and this title.    (c)    A carrier may buy at any public sale pursuant to this section.    (d)    A purchaser in good faith of goods sold to enforce a carrier’s lien takes the goods free of any rights of persons against which the lien was valid, despite the carrier’s noncompliance with this section.    (e)    A carrier may satisfy its lien from the proceeds of any sale pursuant to this section but shall hold the balance, if any, for delivery on demand to any person to which the carrier would have been bound to deliver the goods.    (f)    The rights provided by this section are in addition to all other rights allowed by law to a creditor against a debtor.    (g)    A carrier’s lien may be enforced pursuant to either subsection (a) or the procedure set forth in § 7-210(b).    (h)    A carrier is liable for damages caused by failure to comply with the requirements for sale under this section and, in case of willful violation, is liable for conversion.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-309 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions|Section 7-309 - Duty of Care; Contractual Limitation of Carrier's Liability; Presentment of Claims

    (a)    A carrier that issues a bill of lading, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, shall exercise the degree of care in relation to the goods which a reasonably careful person would exercise under similar circumstances. This subsection does not affect any statute, regulation, or rule of law that imposes liability upon a common carrier for damages not caused by its negligence.    (b)    Damages may be limited by a term in the bill of lading or in a transportation agreement that the carrier’s liability may not exceed a value stated in the bill or transportation agreement if the carrier’s rates are dependent upon value and the consignor is afforded an opportunity to declare a higher value and the consignor is advised of the opportunity. However, such a limitation is not effective with respect to the carrier’s liability for conversion to its own use.    (c)    Reasonable provisions as to the time and manner of presenting claims and commencing actions based on the shipment may be included in a bill of lading or a transportation agreement.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-401 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 4 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: General Obligations|Section 7-401 - Irregularities in Issue of Receipt or Bill or Conduct of Issuer

    The obligations imposed by this title on an issuer apply to a document of title even if:         (1)    The document does not comply with the requirements of this title or of any other statute, rule, or regulation regarding its issuance, form, or content;        (2)    The issuer violated laws regulating the conduct of its business;        (3)    The goods covered by the document were owned by the bailee when the document was issued; or        (4)    The person issuing the document is not a warehouse but the document purports to be a warehouse receipt.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-402 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 4 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: General Obligations|Section 7-402 - Duplicate Receipt or Bill; Overissue

    A duplicate or any other document of title purporting to cover goods already represented by an outstanding document of the same issuer does not confer any right in the goods, except as provided in the case of tangible bills of lading in a set of parts, overissue of documents for fungible goods, substitutes for lost, stolen, or destroyed documents, or substitute documents issued pursuant to § 7-105. The issuer is liable for damages caused by its overissue or failure to identify a duplicate document by a conspicuous notation.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-403 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 4 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: General Obligations|Section 7-403 - Obligation of Bailee to Deliver; Excuse

    (a)    A bailee shall deliver the goods to a person entitled under a document of title if the person complies with subsections (b) and (c), unless and to the extent that the bailee establishes any of the following:        (1)    Delivery of the goods to a person whose receipt was rightful as against the claimant;        (2)    Damage to or delay, loss, or destruction of the goods for which the bailee is not liable;        (3)    Previous sale or other disposition of the goods in lawful enforcement of a lien or on a warehouse’s lawful termination of storage;        (4)    The exercise by a seller of its right to stop delivery pursuant to § 2-705 or by a lessor of its right to stop delivery pursuant to § 2A-526;        (5)    A diversion, reconsignment, or other disposition pursuant to § 7-303;        (6)    Release, satisfaction, or any other personal defense against the claimant; or        (7)    Any other lawful excuse.    (b)    A person claiming goods covered by a document of title shall satisfy the bailee’s lien if the bailee so requests or if the bailee is prohibited by law from delivering the goods until the charges are paid.    (c)    Unless a person claiming the goods is a person against which the document of title does not confer a right under § 7-503(a):        (1)    The person claiming under a document shall surrender possession or control of any outstanding negotiable document covering the goods for cancellation or indication of partial deliveries; and        (2)    The bailee shall cancel the document or conspicuously indicate in the document the partial delivery or the bailee is liable to any person to which the document is duly negotiated.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-404 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 4 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: General Obligations|Section 7-404 - No Liability for Good Faith Delivery Pursuant to Receipt or Bill

    A bailee that in good faith has received goods and delivered or otherwise disposed of the goods according to the terms of a document of title or pursuant to this title is not liable for the goods even if:         (1)    The person from which the bailee received the goods did not have authority to procure the document or to dispose of the goods; or        (2)    The person to which the bailee delivered the goods did not have authority to receive the goods.