reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 2.2-3809 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 38 - Government Data Collection and Dissemination Practices Act|§ 2.2-3809. Injunctive relief; civil penalty; attorneys' fees

Any aggrieved person may institute a proceeding for injunction or mandamus against any person or agency that has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in any acts or practices in violation of the provisions of this chapter. The proceeding shall be brought in the district or circuit court of any county or city where the aggrieved person resides or where the agency made defendant has a place of business.In the case of any successful proceeding by an aggrieved party, the agency enjoined or made subject to a writ of mandamus by the court shall be liable for the costs of the action together with reasonable attorneys' fees as determined by the court.In addition, if the court finds that a violation of subsection A of § 2.2-3808 was willfully and knowingly made by a specific public officer, appointee, or employee of any agency, the court may impose upon such individual a civil penalty of not less than $250 nor more than $1,000, which amount shall be paid into the State Literary Fund. For a second or subsequent violation, such civil penalty shall be not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,500. For a violation of subsection A of § 2.2-3808 by any agency, the court may impose a civil penalty of not less than $250 nor more than $1,000, which amount shall be paid into the State Literary Fund. For a second or subsequent violation, such civil penalty shall be not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,500.1976, c. 597, § 2.1-386; 2001, c. 844; 2008, cc. 840, 843.
VA Code § 2.2-3815 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 38.1 - Protection of Social Security Numbers Act|§ 2.2-3815. Access to social security numbers prohibited; exceptions

A. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the first five digits of a social security number contained in a public record shall be confidential and exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.).For the purposes of this chapter:"Agency" means the same as that term is defined in § 2.2-3801, unless the context requires otherwise."Data subject" means the same as that term is defined in § 2.2-3801."Public record" means the same as that term is defined in § 2.2-3701, but shall not include any records required by law to be maintained by the clerks of the courts of record, as defined in § 1-212, or courts not of record, as defined in § 16.1-69.5."Regional agency" means a unit of government organized as provided by law whose members are appointed by the participating local governing bodies, and such unit includes two or more counties, cities, or towns.B. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to prevent the release of a social security number:1. In accordance with a proper judicial order;2. To any federal, state or local law-enforcement or correctional personnel, including a law-enforcement officer, probation officer, parole officer or administrator, or a member of a parole board, seeking information in the course of his official duties;3. By one agency to another agency in Virginia or to an agency in another state, district, or territory of the United States where such information is requested by such agencies in connection with (i) the application of the data subject therein for a service, privilege, or right under the laws thereof, (ii) the transmittal of information to family advocacy representatives of the United States Armed Forces in accordance with subsection N of § 63.2-1503, or (iii) the performance of such agency's official duties;4. To any data subject exercising his rights under § 2.2-3806, or if the data subject is less than 18 years of age, to his legal guardian or parent, including a noncustodial parent, unless such parent's parental rights have been terminated or a court of competent jurisdiction has restricted or denied such access;5. To any other agency in Virginia or to a federal agency in order to comply with any applicable law or regulation; or6. To a person or entity when necessary to administer any program of the agency, to perform a service or function of the agency, or to conduct or complete the transaction for which the social security number was submitted to the agency.2009, c. 213.
VA Code § 2.2-3816 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 38.1 - Protection of Social Security Numbers Act|§ 2.2-3816. Proceedings for enforcement of chapter

A. Any aggrieved person may institute a proceeding for injunction or mandamus against any agency that has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in any acts in violation of the provisions of this chapter. Venue for the petition shall be addressed as follows:1. In a case involving a local agency, to the general district court or circuit court of the county or city from which the agency has been elected or appointed to serve;2. In a case involving a regional agency, to the general district or circuit court of the county or city where the principal business office of such agency is located; and3. In a case involving a state agency, including a public institution of higher education, to the general district court or the circuit court of the residence of the aggrieved party or of the City of Richmond.B. If the court finds a violation of the provisions of this chapter, the petitioner shall be entitled to recover reasonable costs and attorney fees from the agency if the petitioner substantially prevails on the merits of the case, unless special circumstances would make an award unjust. In making this determination, a court may consider, among other things, the reliance of the agency on an opinion of the Attorney General or a decision of a court that substantially supports the agency's position.2009, c. 213.
VA Code § 2.2-3817 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 38.2 - Digital Certification of Government Records|§ 2.2-3817. Definitions

As used in this section:"Agency" means any authority, board, commission, council, department, instrumentality, institution, or other unit of state government located in the executive or legislative branch; independent agencies; and any county, city, or town, or other unit of local government, including constitutional officers, except circuit court clerks."Digital signature" means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with an electronic document and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the document. A digital signature shall provide a means to authenticate an electronic record by confirming the agency as the disseminator of the document and shall provide both digital and visible assurance that the digital document has not been altered since it was signed by the custodian of the record at an agency."Digitally certified copy" means a copy of an electronic record created by an agency to which the agency has attached a digital signature.2017, c. 738.
VA Code § 2.2-3818 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 38.2 - Digital Certification of Government Records|§ 2.2-3818. Standards for authentication of electronic government records

The Secretary of the Commonwealth, in cooperation with the Virginia Information Technologies Agency, shall develop standards for the use of digital signatures by agencies on electronic records generated by such agencies. The process for developing and maintaining such standards shall be exempt from the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.).2017, c. 738.
VA Code § 2.2-3819 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 38.2 - Digital Certification of Government Records|§ 2.2-3819. Digitally certified government records

Agencies may make digitally certified copies of electronic records available, provided that such records are created in accordance with the standards developed pursuant to § 2.2-3818. An agency may charge a fee not to exceed $5 for a digitally certified copy of a record provided pursuant to this chapter.2017, c. 738.
VA Code § 2.2-3900 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 39 - Virginia Human Rights Act|§ 2.2-3900. Short title; declaration of policy

A. This chapter shall be known and cited as the Virginia Human Rights Act.B. It is the policy of the Commonwealth to:1. Safeguard all individuals within the Commonwealth from unlawful discrimination because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, military status, or disability in places of public accommodation, including educational institutions and in real estate transactions;2. Safeguard all individuals within the Commonwealth from unlawful discrimination in employment because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, or military status;3. Preserve the public safety, health, and general welfare;4. Further the interests, rights, and privileges of individuals within the Commonwealth; and5. Protect citizens of the Commonwealth against unfounded charges of unlawful discrimination.1987, c. 581, §§ 2.1-714, 2.1-715; 1997, c. 404; 2001, c. 844; 2020, cc. 1137, 1140; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 477, 478.
VA Code § 2.2-3901 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 39 - Virginia Human Rights Act|§ 2.2-3901. Definitions

A. The terms "because of sex or gender" or "on the basis of sex or gender" or terms of similar import when used in reference to discrimination in the Code and acts of the General Assembly include because of or on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, including lactation. Women affected by pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions shall be treated the same for all purposes as persons not so affected but similar in their abilities or disabilities.B. The term "gender identity," when used in reference to discrimination in the Code and acts of the General Assembly, means the gender-related identity, appearance, or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's designated sex at birth.C. The term "sexual orientation," when used in reference to discrimination in the Code and acts of the General Assembly, means a person's actual or perceived heterosexuality, bisexuality, or homosexuality.D. The terms "because of race" or "on the basis of race" or terms of similar import when used in reference to discrimination in the Code and acts of the General Assembly include because of or on the basis of traits historically associated with race, including hair texture, hair type, and protective hairstyles such as braids, locks, and twists.E. As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Lactation" means a condition that may result in the feeding of a child directly from the breast or the expressing of milk from the breast."Military status" means status as (i) a member of the uniformed forces, as defined in 10 U.S.C. § 101(a)(5), of the United States or a reserve component thereof named under 10 U.S.C. § 10101, (ii) a veteran as defined in 38 U.S.C. § 101(2), or (iii) a dependent as defined in 50 U.S.C. § 3911(4) except that the support provided by the service member to the individual shall have been provided 180 days immediately preceding an alleged action that if proven true would constitute unlawful discrimination under this section instead of 180 days immediately preceding an application for relief under 50 U.S.C. Chapter 50.1987, c. 581, § 2.1-716; 1991, c. 457; 1997, c. 404; 2001, c. 844; 2005, c. 839; 2020, cc. 107, 152, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 477, 478.
VA Code § 2.2-3902 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 39 - Virginia Human Rights Act|§ 2.2-3902. Construction of chapter; other programs to aid persons with disabilities, minors, and the elderly

The provisions of this chapter shall be construed liberally for the accomplishment of its policies.Conduct that violates any Virginia or federal statute or regulation governing discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions including lactation, age, military status, disability, or national origin is an unlawful discriminatory practice under this chapter.Nothing in this chapter shall prohibit or alter any program, service, facility, school, or privilege that is afforded, oriented, or restricted to a person because of disability or age from continuing to habilitate, rehabilitate, or accommodate that person.In addition, nothing in this chapter shall be construed to affect any governmental program, law or activity differentiating between persons on the basis of age over the age of 18 years (i) where the differentiation is reasonably necessary to normal operation or the activity is based upon reasonable factors other than age or (ii) where the program, law or activity constitutes a legitimate exercise of powers of the Commonwealth for the general health, safety and welfare of the population at large.Complaints filed with the Office of Civil Rights of the Department of Law (the Office) in accordance with § 2.2-520 alleging unlawful discriminatory practice under a Virginia statute that is enforced by a Virginia agency shall be referred to that agency. The Office may investigate complaints alleging an unlawful discriminatory practice under a federal statute or regulation and attempt to resolve it through conciliation. Unsolved complaints shall thereafter be referred to the federal agency with jurisdiction over the complaint. Upon such referral, the Office shall have no further jurisdiction over the complaint. The Office shall have no jurisdiction over any complaint filed under a local ordinance adopted pursuant to § 15.2-965.1987, c. 581, § 2.1-717; 1991, c. 457; 1997, c. 404; 2000, c. 933; 2001, c. 844; 2012, cc. 803, 835; 2020, cc. 1137, 1140; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 12, 196, 477, 478.
VA Code § 2.2-3904 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 39 - Virginia Human Rights Act|§ 2.2-3904. Nondiscrimination in places of public accommodation; definitions

A. As used in this section:"Age" means being an individual who is at least 18 years of age."Place of public accommodation" means all places or businesses offering or holding out to the general public goods, services, privileges, facilities, advantages, or accommodations.B. It is an unlawful discriminatory practice for any person, including the owner, lessee, proprietor, manager, superintendent, agent, or employee of any place of public accommodation, to refuse, withhold from, or deny any individual, or to attempt to refuse, withhold from, or deny any individual, directly or indirectly, any of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, services, or privileges made available in any place of public accommodation, or to segregate or discriminate against any such person in the use thereof, or to publish, circulate, issue, display, post, or mail, either directly or indirectly, any communication, notice, or advertisement to the effect that any of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services of any such place shall be refused, withheld from, or denied to any individual on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, disability, or military status.C. The provisions of this section shall not apply to a private club, a place of accommodation owned by or operated on behalf of a religious corporation, association, or society that is not in fact open to the public, or any other establishment that is not in fact open to the public.D. The provisions of this section shall not prohibit (i) discrimination against individuals who are less than 18 years of age or (ii) the provision of special benefits, incentives, discounts, or promotions by public or private programs to assist persons who are 50 years of age or older.E. The provisions of this section shall not supersede or interfere with any state law or local ordinance that prohibits a person under the age of 21 from entering a place of public accommodation.2020, c. 1140; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 477, 478.
VA Code § 2.2-3905.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 39 - Virginia Human Rights Act|§ 2.2-3905.1. Reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities; unlawful discriminatory practice; notice of rights

A. As used in this section:"Employer" means any person, or agent of such person, employing more than five employees for each working day in each of 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year."Person with a disability" means the term as defined in § 51.5-40.1."Physical impairment" means the term as defined in § 51.5-40.1."Mental impairment" means the term as defined in § 51.5-40.1."Otherwise qualified person with a disability" means the term as defined in subsection A of § 51.5-41.B. It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for an employer to:1. Refuse to make reasonable accommodation to the known physical and mental impairments of an otherwise qualified person with a disability, if necessary to assist such person in performing a particular job, unless the employer can demonstrate that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the employer. In determining whether an accommodation would constitute an undue hardship upon the employer, the following shall be considered:a. Hardship on the conduct of the employer's business, considering the nature of the employer's operation, including composition and structure of the employer's workforce;b. Size of the facility where employment occurs;c. The nature and cost of the accommodations needed, taking into account alternative sources of funding or technical assistance included under § 51.5-173;d. The possibility that the same accommodations may be used by other prospective employees; ande. Safety and health considerations of the person with a disability, other employees, and the public.2. Take adverse action against an employee who requests or uses a reasonable accommodation pursuant to this section.3. Deny employment or promotion opportunities to an otherwise qualified applicant or employee because such employer will be required to make reasonable accommodation for a person with a disability.4. Require an employee to take leave if another reasonable accommodation can be provided to the known limitations related to the disability.5. Fail to engage in a timely, good faith interactive process with an employee who has requested an accommodation pursuant to this section to determine if the requested accommodation is reasonable and, if such accommodation is determined not to be reasonable, discuss alternative accommodations that may be provided.C. An employer shall post in a conspicuous location and include in any employee handbook information concerning an employee's rights to reasonable accommodation for disabilities. Such information shall also be directly provided to (i) new employees upon commencement of their employment and (ii) any employee within 10 days of such employee's providing notice to the employer that such employee has a disability.2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 12.
VA Code § 2.2-3906 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 39 - Virginia Human Rights Act|§ 2.2-3906. Civil action by Attorney General

A. Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that any person or group of persons is engaged in a pattern or practice of resistance to the full enjoyment of any of the rights granted by this chapter, or that any person or group of persons has been denied any of the rights granted by this chapter and such denial raises an issue of general public importance, the Attorney General may commence a civil action in the appropriate circuit court for appropriate relief.B. In such civil action, the court may:1. Award such preventive relief, including a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order against the person responsible for a violation of this chapter, as is necessary to assure the full enjoyment of the rights granted by this chapter.2. Assess a civil penalty against the respondent (i) in an amount not exceeding $50,000 for a first violation and (ii) in an amount not exceeding $100,000 for any subsequent violation. Such civil penalties are payable to the Literary Fund.3. Award a prevailing plaintiff reasonable attorney fees and costs.C. The court or jury may award such other relief to the aggrieved person as the court deems appropriate, including compensatory damages and punitive damages.D. Upon timely application, any person may intervene in a civil action commenced by the Attorney General under subsection A that involves an alleged discriminatory practice pursuant to this chapter with respect to which such person is an aggrieved person. The court may grant such appropriate relief to any such intervening party as is authorized to be granted to a plaintiff in a civil action under § 2.2-3908.2020, c. 1140.
VA Code § 2.2-3908 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 39 - Virginia Human Rights Act|§ 2.2-3908. Civil actions by private parties

A. An aggrieved person who has been provided a notice of his right to file a civil action pursuant to § 2.2-3907 may commence a timely civil action in an appropriate general district or circuit court having jurisdiction over the person who allegedly unlawfully discriminated against such person in violation of this chapter.B. If the court or jury finds that unlawful discrimination has occurred, the court or jury may award to the plaintiff, as the prevailing party, compensatory and punitive damages and the court may award reasonable attorney fees and costs and may grant as relief any permanent or temporary injunction, temporary restraining order, or other order, including an order enjoining the defendant from engaging in such practice, or order such affirmative action as may be appropriate.C. Upon timely application, the Attorney General may intervene in such civil action if the Attorney General certifies that the case is of general public importance. Upon intervention, the Attorney General may obtain such relief as would be available to a private party under subsection B.2020, c. 1140.
VA Code § 2.2-4000 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 2.2 - Administration of Government|Chapter 40 - Administrative Process Act|§ 2.2-4000. Short title; purpose

A. This chapter may be cited as the "Administrative Process Act."B. The purpose of this chapter is to supplement present and future basic laws conferring authority on agencies either to make regulations or decide cases as well as to standardize court review thereof save as laws hereafter enacted may otherwise expressly provide. This chapter shall not supersede or repeal additional procedural requirements in such basic laws.1975, c. 503, §§ 9-6.14:1. 9-6.14:3; 1977, c. 647; 1984, c. 5; 2001, c. 844.