reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
IN Code § 32-19-2-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 19. Describing Real Property; Indiana Coordinate System|Chapter 2. Coordinates; Geodetic Control Monuments|32-19-2-1. Positions Expressed by X-Coordinate and Y-Coordinate

Sec. 1. (a) The plane coordinates of a point on the earth's surface, used to express the position or location of that point in the appropriate zone of the Indiana coordinate system described in IC 32-19-1, must consist of two (2) distances expressed in:(1) U.S. Survey feet (1 meter = 39.37/12 feet) and decimals of a foot when using the Indiana coordinate system of 1927; and(2) meters and decimals of a meter and United States Survey feet and decimals of a foot when using the Indiana coordinate system of 1983.(b) The distance described in subsection (a) that gives the position in an east-and-west direction is called the "x-coordinate". The distance described in subsection (a) that gives the position in a north-and-south direction is called the "y-coordinate". These coordinates must be made to depend upon and conform to plane rectangular coordinate values for the monumented points of the North American Horizontal Geodetic Control Network as published by the National Ocean Survey/National Geodetic Survey or its successors, if the successor's plane coordinates have been computed on the Indiana coordinate system of 1927 or the Indiana coordinate system of 1983. Any station may be used for establishing a survey connection to the Indiana coordinate system of 1927 or the Indiana coordinate system of 1983.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-1-3.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.4.
IN Code § 32-19-2-2 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 19. Describing Real Property; Indiana Coordinate System|Chapter 2. Coordinates; Geodetic Control Monuments|32-19-2-2. Coordinates Purporting to Define Land Boundary; Recording Requirements

Sec. 2. Coordinates based on the Indiana coordinate system of 1927, the Indiana coordinate system of 1983, or any other coordinate system published by an agency of the federal government or of the state, including the Indiana Geospatial Coordinate System, purporting to define the position of a point on a land boundary may not be presented to be recorded in any public land records or deed records unless the recording document also contains:(1) the method used to relate the coordinates to the National Spatial Reference System; and(2) the name and zone of the coordinate system, including the:(A) datum;(B) datum realization; and(C) units;used.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-1-6.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.4. Amended by P.L.57-2013, SEC.87; P.L.159-2018, SEC.4.
IN Code § 32-19-3-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 19. Describing Real Property; Indiana Coordinate System|Chapter 3. Descriptions of Land Using the Indiana Coordinate System|32-19-3-1. Reference to United States Public Land Surveys; Coordinate Description as Supplemental; Conflicts

Sec. 1. If coordinates are used to describe any tract of land, that, in the same document, is also described by reference to any subdivision, line, or corner of the United States public land surveys:(1) the description by coordinates shall be construed as supplemental to the basic description of the subdivision, line, or corner contained in the official plats and field notes filed of record; and(2) in the event of any conflict, the description by reference to the subdivision, line, or corner of the United States public land surveys prevails over the description by coordinates.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-1-8.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.4. Amended by P.L.159-2018, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-1-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 1. Purpose and Application|32-20-1-1. Construction of Law

Sec. 1. (a) This article shall be liberally construed to effect the legislative purpose of simplifying and facilitating land title transactions by allowing persons to rely on a record chain of title as described in IC 32-20-3-1, subject only to the limitations that are described in IC 32-20-3-2.(b) However, this article does not change the law affecting the capacity to own land of a person claiming a marketable record title under this article.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-10.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-1-2 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 1. Purpose and Application|32-20-1-2. Limitation of Actions; Recording Instruments

Sec. 2. This article may not be construed to do the following:(1) Extend the period to bring an action or to do any other required act under any statutes of limitations.(2) Except as specifically provided in this article, affect the operation of any statutes governing the effect of the recording or the failure to record any instrument affecting land.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-7.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-2-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 2. Definitions|32-20-2-1. Application

Sec. 1. The definitions in this chapter apply throughout this article.[2002 Recodification Citation: New.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-2-2 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 2. Definitions|32-20-2-2. "Marketable Record Title" Defined

Sec. 2. "Marketable record title" means a title of record, as described in IC 32-20-3-1, that operates to extinguish interests and claims existing before the effective date of the root of title, as provided in IC 32-20-3-3.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-8(a).]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-2-3 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 2. Definitions|32-20-2-3. "Muniments" Defined

Sec. 3. "Muniments" means the records of title transactions in the chain of title of a person that:(1) purport to create the interest in land claimed by the person; and(2) upon which the person relies as a basis for the marketability of the person's title;commencing with the root of title and including all subsequent transactions.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-8(b).]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-2-4 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 2. Definitions|32-20-2-4. "Person Dealing With Land" Defined

Sec. 4. "Person dealing with land" includes:(1) a purchaser of an estate or interest in an estate;(2) a mortgagee;(3) a levying or attaching creditor;(4) a land contract vendee; or(5) a person seeking to:(A) acquire an estate or interest in an estate; or(B) impose a lien on an estate.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-8(d).]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-2-5 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 2. Definitions|32-20-2-5. "Records" Defined

Sec. 5. "Records" includes all official public records that affect title to land.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-8(c).]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-2-6 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 2. Definitions|32-20-2-6. "Root of Title" Defined

Sec. 6. "Root of title" means that title transaction in the chain of title of a person:(1) that purports to create the interest claimed by the person;(2) upon which the person relies as a basis for the marketability of the person's title; and(3) that is the most recent to be recorded as of a date at least fifty (50) years before the time when marketability is being determined.The effective date of the root of title is the date on which it is recorded.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-8(e).]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-2-7 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 2. Definitions|32-20-2-7. "Title Transaction" Defined

Sec. 7. "Title transaction" means any transaction affecting title to any interest in land, including the following:(1) Title by will or descent.(2) Title by tax deed.(3) Title by trustee's, referee's, guardian's, executor's, administrator's, commissioner's, or sheriff's deed.(4) Title by decree of a court.(5) Title by warranty deed, quitclaim deed, or mortgage.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-8(f).]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-3-0.1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 3. Interests in Title|32-20-3-0.1. Application of Certain Amendments to Chapter

Sec. 0.1. The amendments made to section 2 of this chapter by P.L.18-2008 apply only to determinations of marketable record title after June 30, 2008.As added by P.L.220-2011, SEC.521.
IN Code § 32-20-3-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 3. Interests in Title|32-20-3-1. Unbroken Chain of Title; Definition

Sec. 1. A person who has an unbroken chain of title of record to an interest in land for at least fifty (50) years has a marketable record title to that interest, subject to section 2 of this chapter. A person is considered to have this unbroken chain of title when:(1) the official public records disclose a title transaction of record that occurred at least fifty (50) years before the time the marketability is determined; and(2) the title transaction purports to create an interest in:(A) the person claiming the interest; or(B) a person from whom, by one (1) or more title transactions of record, the purported interest has become vested in the person claiming the interest;with nothing appearing of record purporting to divest the claimant of the purported interest.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-1.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-3-2 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 3. Interests in Title|32-20-3-2. Interests and Defects Affecting Marketable Record Title

Sec. 2. Marketable record title is subject to the following:(1) All interests and defects that are inherent in the muniments of which the chain of record title is formed. However, a general reference in the muniments, or any one (1) of them, to:(A) easements;(B) use restrictions; or(C) other interests created before the root of title;is not sufficient to preserve them, unless specific identification is made in the muniments of a recorded title transaction that creates the easement, use restriction, or other interest.(2) All interests preserved by:(A) the filing of proper notice; or(B) possession by the same owner continuously for at least fifty (50) years, in accordance with IC 32-20-4-1.(3) The rights of any person arising from adverse possession or adverse user, if the period of adverse possession or adverse user was wholly or partly subsequent to the effective date of the root of title.(4) Any interest arising out of a title transaction recorded after the effective date of the root of title from which the unbroken chain of title of record is started. However, the recording shall not revive or give validity to any interest that has been extinguished before the time of the recording by the operation of section 3 of this chapter.(5) The exceptions stated in IC 32-20-4-3 concerning:(A) rights of reversioners in leases;(B) rights of any lessee in and to any lease; and(C) easements and interests in the nature of easements.(6) All interests of the department of environmental management arising from the recording of a restrictive covenant under IC 13, regardless of whether the recording occurred before July 1, 2008.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-2.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5. Amended by P.L.18-2008, SEC.2; P.L.220-2011, SEC.522.
IN Code § 32-20-3-3 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 3. Interests in Title|32-20-3-3. Transactions Before Root of Title

Sec. 3. Subject to section 2 of this chapter, marketable record title is held by its owner and is taken by a person dealing with the land free and clear of all interests, claims, or charges whose existence depends upon any act, transaction, event, or omission that occurred before the effective date of the root of title. All the interests, claims, or charges, however denominated, whether:(1) legal or equitable;(2) present or future; or(3) asserted by a person who is:(A) sui juris or under a disability;(B) within or outside Indiana;(C) natural or corporate; or(D) private or governmental;are void.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-3.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-4-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 4. Notice of Claim|32-20-4-1. Notice of Claim; Filing

Sec. 1. (a) A person claiming an interest in land may preserve and keep effective that interest by filing for record during the fifty (50) year period immediately following the effective date of the root of title of the person whose record title would otherwise be marketable, a notice in writing, verified by oath, setting forth the nature of the claim. A disability or lack of knowledge of any kind on the part of anyone does not suspend the running of the fifty (50) year period. Notice may be filed for record by the claimant or by a person acting on behalf of any claimant who is:(1) under a disability;(2) unable to assert a claim on the claimant's behalf; or(3) one (1) of a class whose identity cannot be established or is uncertain at the time of filing the notice of claim for record.(b) If the same record owner of any possessory interest in land has been in possession of the land continuously for a period of at least fifty (50) years, during which period:(1) title transaction with respect to the interest does not appear of record in the record owner's chain of title;(2) notice has not been filed by the record owner or on behalf of the record owner as provided in subsection (a); and(3) possession continues to the time when marketability is being determined;the period of possession is considered equivalent to the filing of the notice immediately preceding the termination of the fifty (50) year period described in subsection (a).(c) If:(1) a person claims the benefit of an equitable restriction or servitude that is one (1) of a number of substantially identical mutual restrictions on the use of tracts in a platted subdivision, the plat of which is recorded as provided by law; and(2) the subdivision plan provides for an association, corporation, committee, or other similar group that is empowered to determine whether the restrictions are to be terminated or continued at the expiration of a stated period not exceeding fifty (50) years, and, by the terms of this provision, it is determined that:(A) the restrictions are not to be terminated; or(B) the restrictions are to be continued because no determination to terminate has been made;then the officer or other person authorized to represent the association, corporation, committee, or other similar group may preserve and keep in effect all the restrictions by filing a notice as provided in subsection (a) on behalf of all owners of land in the subdivision for the benefit of whom the restrictions exist.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-4.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-4-2 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 4. Notice of Claim|32-20-4-2. Notice of Claim; Contents; Indexing by County Recorder

Sec. 2. (a) To be effective and to be entitled to be recorded, the notice referred to in section 1 of this chapter must contain the following:(1) An accurate and full description of all land affected by the notice in specific terms. However, if the claim is founded upon a recorded instrument, then the description in the notice may be the same as that contained in the recorded instrument.(2) The name and address of the claimant.(3) The name and address of the person preparing the notice if other than the claimant.This notice must be filed for record in the office of the recorder of a county where the land described is situated.(b) A county recorder shall accept all notices presented to the recorder that describe land located in the county that the recorder serves. The recorder shall enter and record full copies of the notice in the same way that deeds are recorded. Each recorder shall charge the same fees for recording a notice as are charged for recording deeds.(c) Each recorder shall index the notices in the same manner that deeds are indexed. Until the notice is recorded and correctly indexed, a notice does not comply with section 1 of this chapter regarding notice.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-5.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-4-3 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 4. Notice of Claim|32-20-4-3. Notice of Claim; Effect of Failure to File on Lease or Easement

Sec. 3. (a) Failure to file the notice required under this chapter does not bar:(1) a lessor or the lessor's successor as a reversioner of the lessor's right to possession on the expiration of any lease; or(2) a lessee or the lessee's successor of the lessee's rights in and to any lease.(b) Failure to file the notice required under this chapter does not bar or extinguish any easement, interest in the nature of an easement, or any rights appurtenant to an easement granted, excepted, or reserved by the instrument creating the easement or interest, including any rights for future use, if the existence of the easement or interest is evidenced by the location beneath, upon, or above any part of the land described in the instrument of any pipe, valve, road, wire, cable, conduit, duct, sewer, track, pole, tower, or other physical facility and whether or not the existence of the facility is observable. However, equitable restrictions or servitudes on the use of land are not considered easements or interests in the nature of easements as that phrase is used in this section.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-6.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-20-4-4 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 4. Notice of Claim|32-20-4-4. Property Owner's Notice to Claimant to File Action to Enforce the Claim; Claimant's Failure to File; Recording of Owner's Affidavit; Release From Claim

Sec. 4. (a) A claim for an interest in land filed under this chapter is void if both of the following occur:(1) The owner of the property subject to the claim or any person or corporation having an interest in the property, including a mortgagee or a lienholder, provides written notice to the claimant to file an action to enforce the claim.(2) The claimant fails to file an action to enforce the claim in the county where the property is located not later than thirty (30) days after receiving the notice described in subdivision (1).However, this section does not prevent any other claim with respect to the land from being collected or enforced as other claims are collected or enforced by law.(b) A person who has given notice under subsection (a)(1) by registered or certified mail to the claimant, at the address given by the claimant in the recorded notice of the claim, may file with the recorder of the county in which the property is located an affidavit of service of the notice under subsection (a)(1) to file an action to enforce the claim. The affidavit must state the following:(1) The facts of the notice under subsection (a)(1).(2) That more than thirty (30) days have passed since the notice under subsection (a)(1) was received by the claimant.(3) That no action for enforcement of the claim is pending.(4) That no unsatisfied judgment has been rendered on the claim.(5) A reference to the recording information for the notice of claim recorded under sections 1 and 2 of this chapter.(c) The recorder shall record the affidavit of service in the miscellaneous record book of the recorder's office, with a reference to the recorded notice of claim identified in the affidavit of service under subsection (b)(5). When the recorder records the affidavit of service with a reference to the notice of claim under this subsection, the land described in the claim is released from the claim.As added by P.L.196-2019, SEC.1.
IN Code § 32-20-5-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 5. Slander of Title|32-20-5-1. Filing Notices to Slander Title Prohibited

Sec. 1. A person may not use the privilege of:(1) filing notices under this article; or(2) using the procedures under IC 32-28-13 concerning common law liens;to slander the title to land.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-9 part.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5. Amended by P.L.191-2015, SEC.1.
IN Code § 32-20-5-2 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 20. Marketable Title for Real Property|Chapter 5. Slander of Title|32-20-5-2. Filing Claim to Slander Title; Claimant's Liability for Costs and Damages

Sec. 2. In any action to quiet title to land, if the court finds that a person has filed a claim only to slander title to land, the court shall:(1) award the plaintiff all the costs of the action, including attorney's fees that the court allows to the plaintiff; and(2) decree that the defendant asserting the claim shall pay to the plaintiff all damages that the plaintiff may have sustained as the result of the notice of claims having been filed for record.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-1-5-9 part.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.5.
IN Code § 32-21-1-1 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 21. Conveyance Procedures for Real Property|Chapter 1. Statute of Frauds; Writing Requirements|32-21-1-1. Requirement of Written Agreement; Agreements or Promises Covered

Sec. 1. (a) This section does not apply to a lease for a term of not more than three (3) years.(b) A person may not bring any of the following actions unless the promise, contract, or agreement on which the action is based, or a memorandum or note describing the promise, contract, or agreement on which the action is based, is in writing and signed by the party against whom the action is brought or by the party's authorized agent:(1) An action charging an executor or administrator, upon any special promise, to answer damages out of the executor's or administrator's own estate.(2) An action charging any person, upon any special promise, to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another.(3) An action charging any person upon any agreement or promise made in consideration of marriage.(4) An action involving any contract for the sale of land.(5) An action involving any agreement that is not to be performed within one (1) year from the making of the agreement.(6) An action involving an agreement, promise, contract, or warranty of cure concerning medical care or treatment. However, this subdivision does not affect the right to sue for malpractice or negligence.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-2-1-1.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.6.
IN Code § 32-21-1-2 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 21. Conveyance Procedures for Real Property|Chapter 1. Statute of Frauds; Writing Requirements|32-21-1-2. Consideration for Agreement; Writing Not Required

Sec. 2. The consideration that is the basis of a promise, contract, or agreement described in section 1 of this chapter does not need to be in writing but may be proved.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-2-1-2.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.6.
IN Code § 32-21-1-3 (2021)
2021 Indiana Code|Title 32. Property|Article 21. Conveyance Procedures for Real Property|Chapter 1. Statute of Frauds; Writing Requirements|32-21-1-3. Conveyance; Trust in Lands; Goods; Things in Action

Sec. 3. A conveyance of an existing trust in land, goods, or things in action is void unless the conveyance is in writing and signed by the party making the conveyance or by the party's lawful agent.[Pre-2002 Recodification Citation: 32-2-1-3.]As added by P.L.2-2002, SEC.6.