reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
23 V.S.A. § 2017
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2017. Issuance of certificate; records

§ 2017. Issuance of certificate; records|(a) The Commissioner shall file each application received and, when satisfied as to its genuineness and regularity and that the applicant is entitled to the issuance of a certificate of title, shall issue a certificate of title of the vehicle.(b) The Commissioner shall maintain at his or her central office a record of all certificates of title issued by him or her for vehicles 15 years old and newer, and of all exempt vehicle titles issued by him or her, under a distinctive title number assigned to the vehicle; under the identification number of the vehicle; alphabetically, under the name of the owner; and, in the discretion of the Commissioner, by any other method he or she determines. The original records may be maintained on microfilm or electronic imaging. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 1979, No. 187 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1983, No. 60, § 4; 1991, No. 165 (Adj. Sess.), § 7; 2009, No. 152 (Adj. Sess.), § 16; 2015, No. 50, § 33a, eff. Jan. 1, 2016.)
23 V.S.A. § 2018
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2018. Information on certificate

§ 2018. Information on certificate|(a) Each certificate of title issued by the Commissioner shall contain:  (1) The date issued. (2) The name and address of the owner. (3) The names and addresses of any lienholders, in the order of priority as shown on the application or, if the application is based on a certificate of title, as shown on the certificate; however, no more than two lienholders may appear on a certificate. In the event that there are more than two lienholders on the vehicle, the certificate of title shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner. (4) The title number assigned to the vehicle. (5) A description of the vehicle, including, so far as the following data exist, its make, model, identification number, odometer reading, or hubometer reading or clock meter reading on all vehicles, type of body, number of cylinders, whether new or used, and, if a new vehicle, the date of the first sale of the vehicle for use. (6) Any other data the Commissioner prescribes.   (b) Unless a bond is filed as provided in subdivision 2020(2) of this title, a distinctive certificate of title shall be issued for a vehicle last previously registered in another state or country the laws of which do not require that lienholders be named on a certificate of title to perfect their security interests. The certificate shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner and may contain any other information the Commissioner prescribes. If no notice of a security interest in the vehicle is received by the Commissioner within four months from the issuance of the distinctive certificate of title, he or she shall, upon application and surrender of the distinctive certificate, issue a certificate of title in ordinary form.(c) The certificate of title shall contain forms for assignment and warranty of title by the owner and for assignment and warranty of title by a dealer, and may contain forms for applications for a certificate of title by a transferee, the naming of a lienholder, and the assignment or release of the security interest of a lienholder.(d) A certificate of title issued by the Commissioner is prima facie evidence of the facts appearing on it.(e) A certificate of title for a vehicle is not subject to garnishment, attachment, execution, or other judicial process, but this subsection does not prevent a lawful levy upon the vehicle.(f) If a vehicle has been returned to the manufacturer after final determination, adjudication, or settlement pursuant to the provisions of 9 V.S.A. chapter 115 or after final determination, adjudication, or settlement under similar laws of any other state, any certificate of title for the vehicle shall contain an appropriate legend as determined by the Commissioner. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 1983, No. 60, § 5; 1983, No. 141 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; 1999, No. 18, § 34, eff. May 13, 1999; 2015, No. 50, § 17.)
23 V.S.A. § 2019
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2019. Mailing or delivering certificate

§ 2019. Mailing or delivering certificate|The certificate of title shall be mailed or personally delivered, upon proper identification of the individual, to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner. However, a person is entitled to a personal delivery of only one title in a single day and of no more than three titles in a calendar month. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 1979, No. 10; 2015, No. 158 (Adj. Sess.), § 75.)
23 V.S.A. § 2020
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2020. Withholding of certificate; bond required

§ 2020. Withholding of certificate; bond required|If the Commissioner is not satisfied as to the ownership of the vehicle or that there are no undisclosed security interests in it, the Commissioner may register the vehicle but shall either:  (1) Withhold issuance of a certificate of title until the applicant presents documents reasonably sufficient to satisfy the Commissioner as to the applicant's ownership of the vehicle and that there are no undisclosed security interests in it; or (2) As a condition of issuing a certificate of title, require the applicant to file with the Commissioner a bond in the form prescribed by the Commissioner and executed by the applicant, and either accompanied by the deposit of cash with the Commissioner or also executed by a person authorized to conduct a surety business in this State. The bond shall be in an amount equal to one and one-half times the value of the vehicle as determined by the Commissioner and conditioned to indemnify any prior owner and lienholder and any subsequent purchaser of the vehicle or person acquiring any security interest in it, and their respective successors in interest, against any expense, loss, or damage, including reasonable attorney's fees, by reason of the issuance of the certificate of title of the vehicle or on account of any defect in or undisclosed security interest upon the right, title, and interest of the applicant in and to the vehicle. Any such interested person has a right of action to recover on the bond for any breach of its conditions, but the aggregate liability of the surety to all persons shall not exceed the amount of the bond. The bond, and any deposit accompanying it, shall be returned at the end of three years or earlier if the vehicle is no longer registered in this State and the currently valid certificate of title is surrendered to the Commissioner, unless the Commissioner has been notified of the pendency of an action to recover on the bond. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 2019, No. 131 (Adj. Sess.), § 213.)
23 V.S.A. § 2021
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2021. Refusal of certificate

§ 2021. Refusal of certificate|The Commissioner shall refuse issuance of a certificate of title or an exempt vehicle title if any required fee is not paid or if he or she has reasonable grounds to believe that:  (1) the applicant is not the owner of the vehicle; (2) the application contains a false or fraudulent statement; or (3) the applicant fails to furnish required information or documents or any additional information the Commissioner reasonably requires. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 2015, No. 50, § 33a, eff. Jan. 1, 2016.)
23 V.S.A. § 2022
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2022. Duplicate certificate

§ 2022. Duplicate certificate|(a) If a certificate is lost, stolen, mutilated, or destroyed or becomes illegible, the first lienholder or, if none, the owner or legal representative of the owner named in the certificate, as shown by the records of the Commissioner, shall promptly make application for and may obtain a duplicate upon furnishing information satisfactory to the Commissioner. It shall be mailed to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner.(b) [Repealed.](c) A person recovering an original certificate of title for which a duplicate has been issued shall promptly surrender the original certificate to the Commissioner.(d) When a duplicate certificate of title is issued, the Commissioner shall cause the original certificate of title for that vehicle to be revoked. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 1983, No. 60, § 9; 1985, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.); 2015, No. 50, § 18.)
23 V.S.A. § 2024
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2024. Resale by dealer

§ 2024. Resale by dealer|If a dealer buys a vehicle, holds it for resale, and obtains the certificate of title from the owner or the lienholder, then the certificate need not be sent to the Commissioner. When the dealer transfers the vehicle to a person, other than by the creation of a security interest, he or she shall simultaneously execute the assignment and warranty of title by filling in the spaces on the certificate of title or as prescribed by the Commissioner or, if title is held by a finance source, execute a form prescribed by the Commissioner that provides proof of the transfer but does not release the lien. The certificate shall be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner with the transferee's application for a new certificate. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 2001, No. 69, § 5; 2019, No. 60, § 20.)
23 V.S.A. § 2025
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2025. Involuntary transfers

§ 2025. Involuntary transfers|(a) If the interest of an owner in a vehicle passes to another other than by voluntary transfer, the transferee shall, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, promptly mail or deliver to the Commissioner the last certificate of title, if available, proof of the transfer, and his or her application for a new certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes.(b) If the interest of the owner is terminated or the vehicle is sold under a security agreement by a lienholder named in the certificate of title, the transferee shall promptly mail or deliver to the Commissioner the last certificate of title, his or her application for a new certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes, and an affidavit made by or on behalf of the lienholder that the vehicle was repossessed and that the interest of the owner was lawfully terminated or sold pursuant to the terms of the security agreement. If the lienholder succeeds to the interest of the owner and holds the vehicle for resale, he or she need not secure a new certificate of title but, upon transfer to another person, shall promptly mail or deliver to the transferee or to the Commissioner the certificate, affidavit, and other documents required to be sent to the Commissioner by the transferee.(c) A person holding a certificate of title whose interest in the vehicle has been extinguished or transferred other than by voluntary transfer shall mail or deliver the certificate to the Commissioner upon request of the Commissioner. The delivery of the certificate pursuant to the request of the Commissioner does not affect the rights of the person surrendering the certificate, and the action of the Commissioner in issuing a new certificate of title is not conclusive upon the rights of an owner or lienholder named in the old certificate. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 2019, No. 131 (Adj. Sess.), § 214.)
23 V.S.A. § 2026
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2026. Fee to accompany applications

§ 2026. Fee to accompany applications|(a) An application for a certificate of title shall be accompanied by the required fee when mailed or delivered to the Commissioner.(b) An application for the naming of a lienholder or his or her assignee on a certificate of title shall be accompanied by the required fee when mailed or delivered to the Commissioner. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971.)
23 V.S.A. § 2027
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2027. Issuance of new certificate

§ 2027. Issuance of new certificate|(a) The Commissioner, upon receipt of a properly assigned certificate of title, with an application for a new certificate of title, the required fee, and any other documents required by law, shall issue a new certificate of title in the name of the transferee as owner and mail to the first lienholder named in it or, if none, to the owner.(b) The Commissioner, upon receipt of an application for a new certificate of title by a transferee other than by voluntary transfer, with proof of the transfer, the required fee, and any other documents required by law, shall issue a new certificate of title in the name of the transferee as owner. If the outstanding certificate of title is not delivered to him or her, the Commissioner shall make demand therefor from the holder thereof.(c) The Commissioner shall file and retain for five years every surrendered certificate of title so as to permit the tracing of title of the corresponding vehicles. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 1979, No. 187 (Adj. Sess.), § 3; 2011, No. 46, § 20; 2019, No. 131 (Adj. Sess.), § 215.)
23 V.S.A. § 2029
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2029. Suspension or revocation of certificate

§ 2029. Suspension or revocation of certificate|(a) The Commissioner shall suspend or revoke a certificate of title or exempt vehicle title, upon notice and reasonable opportunity to be heard in accordance with section 2004 of this chapter, if he or she finds:  (1) the certificate of title or exempt vehicle title was fraudulently procured or erroneously issued; or (2) the vehicle has been scrapped, dismantled, or destroyed.   (b) Suspension or revocation of a certificate of title does not, in itself, affect the validity of a security interest noted on it.(c) When the Commissioner suspends or revokes a certificate of title or exempt vehicle title, the owner or person in possession of it shall, immediately upon receiving notice of the suspension or revocation, mail or deliver the certificate to the Commissioner.(d) The Commissioner may seize and impound any certificate of title or exempt vehicle title which has been canceled, suspended, or revoked. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 2001, No. 69, § 6; 2015, No. 50, § 33a, eff. Jan. 1, 2016.)
23 V.S.A. § 2041
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2041. Certain liens and security interests not affected

§ 2041. Certain liens and security interests not affected|This chapter does not apply to or affect:  (1) a lien given by statute or rule of law to a supplier of services or materials for the vehicle; (2) a lien given by statute to the United States, this State, or any political subdivision of this State; (3) a security interest in a vehicle created by a manufacturer or dealer who holds the vehicle for sale, but a buyer in the ordinary course of trade from the manufacturer or dealer takes free of the security interest. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971.)
23 V.S.A. § 2042
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2042. Perfecting security interest

§ 2042. Perfecting security interest|(a) Unless excepted by section 2041 of this title, a security interest in a vehicle of a type for which a certificate of title is required is not valid against creditors of the owner or subsequent transferees or lienholders of the vehicle unless perfected as provided in this subchapter.(b) A security interest is perfected by the delivery to the Commissioner of the existing certificate of title, if any, an application for a certificate of title containing the name and address of the lienholder and the date of his or her security agreement, and the required fee. It is perfected as of the time of its creation if delivery is completed within 20 days thereafter, otherwise as of the time of the delivery.(c) If a vehicle is subject to a security interest when brought into this State, the validity of the security interest is determined by the law of the jurisdiction where the vehicle was when the security interest attached, subject to the following:  (1) If the parties understood at the time the security interest attached that the vehicle would be kept in this State and it was brought into this State within 30 days thereafter for purposes other than transportation through this State, the validity of the security interest in this State is determined by the law of this State. (2) If the security interest was perfected under the law of the jurisdiction where the vehicle was when the security interest attached, the following rules apply:  (A) If the name of the lienholder is shown on an existing certificate of title issued by that jurisdiction, his or her security interest continues perfected in this State. (B) If the name of the lienholder is not shown on an existing certificate of title issued by that jurisdiction, the security interest continues perfected in this State for four months after a first certificate of title of the vehicle is issued in this State, and also thereafter if, within the four-month period, it is perfected in this State. The security interest may also be perfected in this State after the expiration of the four-month period; in that case perfection dates from the time of perfection in this State.  (3) If the security interest was not perfected under the law of the jurisdiction where the vehicle was when the security interest attached, it may be perfected in this State; in that case, perfection dates from the time of perfection in this State. (4) A security interest may be perfected under subdivision (2)(B) or subdivision (3) of this subsection either as provided in subsection (b) of this section or by the lienholder delivering to the Commissioner a notice of security interest in the form the Commissioner prescribes and the required fee. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 1979, No. 38.)
23 V.S.A. § 2043
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2043. Duties on creation of security interest

§ 2043. Duties on creation of security interest|If an owner creates a security interest in a vehicle:  (1) The owner shall immediately execute the application, in the space provided therefor on the certificate of title or on a separate form the Commissioner prescribes, to name the lienholder on the certificate, showing the name and address of the lienholder and the date of his or her security agreement, and cause the certificate, the application, and the required fee to be delivered to the lienholder. (2) The lienholder shall immediately cause the certificate, the application, and the required fee to be mailed or delivered to the Commissioner. (3) Upon request of the owner or subordinate lienholder, a lienholder in possession of the certificate of title shall either mail or deliver the certificate to the subordinate lienholder for delivery to the Commissioner or, upon receipt from the subordinate lienholder of the owner's application and the required fee, mail or deliver them to the Commissioner with the certificate. The delivery of the certificate does not affect the rights of the first lienholder under his or her security agreement. (4) Upon receipt of the certificate of title, the application, and the required fee, the Commissioner shall either endorse the certificate or issue a new certificate containing the name and address of the new lienholder, and mail the certificate to the first lienholder named in it. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971.)
23 V.S.A. § 2044
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2044. Assignment of security interest

§ 2044. Assignment of security interest|(a) A lienholder may assign, absolutely or otherwise, his or her security interest in the vehicle to a person other than the owner without affecting the interest of the owner or the validity of the security interest, but any person without notice of the assignment is protected in dealing with the lienholder as the holder of the security interest and the lienholder remains liable for any obligations as lienholder until the assignee is named as lienholder on the certificate.(b) The assignee may, but need not to perfect the assignment, have the certificate of title endorsed or issued with the assignee named as lienholder, upon delivering to the Commissioner the certificate and an assignment by the lienholder named in the certificate in the form the Commissioner prescribes. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971.)
23 V.S.A. § 2046
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2046. Lienholder to furnish information

§ 2046. Lienholder to furnish information|A lienholder named in a certificate of title shall, upon written request of the owner or of another lienholder named on the certificate, disclose any pertinent information as to his or her security agreement and the indebtedness secured by it. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971.)
23 V.S.A. § 2047
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2047. Method of perfecting security interest exclusive

§ 2047. Method of perfecting security interest exclusive|The method provided in this subchapter of perfecting and giving notice of security interests subject to this subchapter is exclusive. Security interests subject to this subchapter are hereby exempted from the provisions of law that otherwise require or relate to the filing of instruments creating or evidencing security interests. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971.)
23 V.S.A. § 2048
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2048. Terminal rental adjustment clauses; vehicle leases that are not sales or security interests

§ 2048. Terminal rental adjustment clauses; vehicle leases that are not sales or security interests|In the case of motor vehicles or trailers, notwithstanding any other provision of law, a transaction does not create a sale or security interest merely because it provides that the rental price is permitted or required to be adjusted under the agreement either upward or downward by reference to the amount realized upon sale or other disposition of the motor vehicle or trailer. (Added 1993, No. 27, § 6.)
23 V.S.A. § 2081
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 23 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 21 - Title to Motor Vehicles|§ 2081. Application of subchapter

§ 2081. Application of subchapter|(a) This subchapter does not apply to a self-propelled wheelchair or invalid tricycle.(b) The provisions of this subchapter that apply to certificates of title shall also apply to salvage certificates of title, exempt vehicle titles, certificates of origin, and secure assignments of title. (Added 1969, No. 297 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1971; amended 1991, No. 164 (Adj. Sess.), § 10; 2015, No. 50, § 33a, eff. Jan. 1, 2016.)