reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Civ Code art. 3106 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3106. Penal clauses in submission.

It is usual to undergo* a penalty of a certain sum of money in the submission, which the person who shall contravene the award, or bring appeal therefrom, shall be bound to pay to the other who is willing to abide by it; but this covenant is not essential, and the submission may subsist without the penalty. *Note error in English translation of French text; "undergo" should be "impose."
LA Civ Code art. 3107 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3107. Capacity of arbitrators.

A. All persons may be arbitrators, except such as are under some incapacity or infirmity, which renders them unfit for that function. B. Therefore, minors under the age of eighteen years, persons interdicted, those who are deaf and unable to speak, can not be arbitrators. Acts 2014, No. 811, §30, eff. June 23, 2014.
LA Civ Code art. 3109 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3109. Arbitrators and amicable compounders.

There are two sorts of arbitrators:  The arbitrators properly so called;  And the amicable compounders.
LA Civ Code art. 3110 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3110. Powers of arbitrators and amicable compounders.

The arbitrators ought to determine as judges, agreeably to the strictness of the law. Amicable compounders are authorized to abate something of the strictness of the law in favor of natural equity. Amicable compounders are, in other respects, subject to the same rules which are provided for the arbitrators by the present title.
LA Civ Code art. 3111 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3111. Oath of arbitrators.

Before examining the difference to them submitted, the arbitrators ought to take an oath before a judge or justice of the peace, to render their award with integrity and impartiality in the cause which is laid before them.
LA Civ Code art. 3112 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3112. Presentation and proof of claims by parties.

The parties, who have submitted their differences to arbitrators, must make known their claims, and prove them, in the same manner as in a court of justice, by producing written or verbal evidence in the order agreed on between them or fixed by the arbitrators.
LA Civ Code art. 3113 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3113. Time, place and notice of hearing.

The arbitrators shall appoint a time and place for examining the matter to them submitted, and give notice thereof to the parties or to their attorneys.
LA Civ Code art. 3114 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3114. Attendance of parties and witnesses.

The parties must attend the arbitrators either in person, or by their attorney, with their witnesses and documents. If one or both of them should not appear, the arbitrators may proceed and inquire into the affair in their absence.
LA Civ Code art. 3115 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3115. Attendance and swearing in of witnesses.

Arbitrators have no authority to compel witnesses to appear before them or to administer an oath; but, at the request of arbitrators, it will be the duty of justices of the peace to compel witnesses to appear and to administer the oath to them.
LA Civ Code art. 3116 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3116. Disagreement among arbitrators; umpire.

If the arbitrators disagree another shall decide, and that other is called an umpire.
LA Civ Code art. 3117 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3117. Nomination of umpire.

The nomination of the umpire is either made by the parties themselves at the time of the submission, or left to the discretion of the arbitrators.
LA Civ Code art. 3118 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3118. Appointment of umpire.

Whenever the umpire has not been appointed by the submission, the arbitrators have the power to appoint him, though such power is not mentioned in the submission. But if the arbitrators can not agree on this election, the umpire shall be appointed ex officio by the judge.
LA Civ Code art. 3119 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3119. Oath of umpire.

The umpire shall take an oath similar to that taken by the arbitrators, before examining the matter or the point submitted to him.
LA Civ Code art. 3120 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3120. Time for decision of arbitrators.

The arbitrators who have consented to act as such, ought to determine the suit or the difference which is submitted to them, as soon as possible and within the time fixed by the submission.
LA Civ Code art. 3121 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3121. Arbitrators acting in excess of power, effect.

Arbitrators can not exceed the power which is given to them; and if they exceed it, their award is null for so much.
LA Civ Code art. 3122 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3122. Scope of arbitrators' authority.

The authority of arbitrators extend [extends] only to the things contained in the submission, unless it has been stated that they shall have power to decide all disputes which may arise between the parties in the course of the arbitration.
LA Civ Code art. 3123 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3123. Award null after time limit.

The arbitrators ought to give their award within the time limited by the submission, and it would be null if it were given after the time is expired.
LA Civ Code art. 3124 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3124. Extension of time for making award.

Nevertheless the parties may give power to the arbitrators to prolong the time, and in this case their power lasts during the time of the prorogation.
LA Civ Code art. 3125 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3125. Award made prior to time specified for examination.

If the submission specifies a certain time for the examination of the cause which the arbitrators are to decide,* they can not give their award till that time is expired. Amended by Acts 1871, No. 87. *English translation of French text incomplete; should include "or for the return of documents."
LA Civ Code art. 3126 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3126. Participation in proceedings; signature of award.

If there are several arbitrators named by the submission, they can not give their award, unless they all see the proceedings and try the cause together; but it is not necessary that the award be signed by them all.
LA Civ Code art. 3127 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3127. Amount of award.

The arbitrators shall fix by their award the amount of the sum which they sentence one or several of the parties to pay to the other or others, though the omission of this does not annul the award.
LA Civ Code art. 3128 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3128. Interest and costs

The arbitrators may likewise pronounce by their award on the interest and costs; but their silence on that subject is not a cause of nullity. If legal interest would have been payable by law from date of judicial demand, such legal interest awarded by the arbitrators shall attach from the date the matter was submitted to arbitration. Acts 1985, No. 571, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 3129 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3129. Approval of award by judge.

The award in order to be put in execution, ought to be approved by the judge; but this formality is only intended to invest the award with a sufficient authority to ensure its execution and not to submit to the judge the examination of its merits, except in case an appeal is brought before him.
LA Civ Code art. 3130 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3130. Appeal from award; prepayment and repayment of penalty.

He who is not satisfied with the award, may appeal from it, though the parties had renounced such appeal by the submission; but the appellant before being heard on his appeal, ought to pay the penalty stipulated in the submission, if any has been stipulated; and this penalty shall ever be due, though the appellant afterwards renounces his appeal; but if he succeeds to have the award reversed, either in whole or in part, the court who shall pronounce on the appeal, shall order the re-payment of the penalty; but if the award is confirmed, the penalty which has been paid, shall operate no diminution on the amount of the award.
LA Civ Code art. 3131 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3131. Retraction or change of award prohibited.

The arbitrators having once given their award, can not retract it nor change any thing in it.
LA Civ Code art. 3132 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3132. Termination of arbitration.

The submission and power given to the arbitrators are put at an end by one of the following causes:  1. By the expiration of the time limited, either by the submission or by law, though the award should not be yet rendered. 2. By the death of one of the parties or arbitrators. 3. By the final award rendered by the arbitrators. 4. When the parties happen to compromise touching the thing in dispute, or when this thing ceases to exist.
LA Civ Code art. 3133 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3133. Liability of an obligor for his obligations

  Whoever is personally bound for an obligation is obligated to fulfill it out of all of his property, movable and immovable, present and future.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3134 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3134. Ratable treatment of creditors

  In the absence of a preference authorized or established by legislation, an obligor's property is available to all his creditors for the satisfaction of his obligations, and the proceeds of its sale are distributed ratably among them.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3135 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3135. Limitations upon recourse

  A written contract may provide that the obligee's recourse against the obligor is limited to particular property or to a specified class or kind of property.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3136 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3136. Security defined

  Security is an accessory right established by legislation or contract over property, or an obligation undertaken by a person other than the principal obligor, to secure performance of an obligation. It is accessory to the obligation it secures and is transferred with the obligation without a special provision to that effect.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3137 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3137. Personal or real security

  Security is personal or real.  It is personal when it consists of an obligation undertaken to secure performance of the obligation of another.  It is real when it consists of a right of preference established over property of the obligor or of a third person to secure performance of an obligation.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3138 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3138. Kinds of security

  Kinds of security include suretyship, privilege, mortgage, and pledge. A security interest established to secure performance of an obligation is also a kind of security.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3139 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3139. Law governing security interest

  Security interest is defined by the Uniform Commercial Code, which specifies the kinds of property susceptible of encumbrance by a security interest and governs the manner of creation of security interests and the rights of the holders of security interests against obligors and third persons.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3140 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3140. Nullity of agreement of forfeiture

  Unless expressly permitted by law, a clause in a contract providing in advance that ownership of a thing given as security will transfer upon default in performance of the secured obligation is absolutely null.  A clause in a contract obligating the owner of a thing to give it to an obligee in payment of a debt upon a future default in performance of an obligation is absolutely null.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3141 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3141. Pledge defined

  Pledge is a real right established by contract over property of the kind described in Article 3142 to secure performance of an obligation.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3142 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3142. Property susceptible of pledge

  The only things that may be pledged are the following:  (1) A movable that is not susceptible of encumbrance by security interest.  (2) The lessor's rights in the lease of an immovable and its rents.  (3) Things made susceptible of pledge by law.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3143 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3143. Pledge of property susceptible of encumbrance by security interest

  A contract by which a person purports to pledge a thing that is susceptible of encumbrance by security interest does not create a pledge under this Title but may be effective to create a security interest in the thing.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3144 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3144. Accessory nature of pledge

  Pledge is accessory to the obligation that it secures and may be enforced by the pledgee only to the extent that he may enforce the secured obligation.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3145 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3145. Preference afforded by pledge

  Pledge gives the pledgee the right to be satisfied from the thing pledged and its fruits in preference to unsecured creditors of the pledgor and to other persons whose rights become effective against the pledgee after the pledge has become effective as to them.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3146 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3146. Obligations for which pledge may be given

  A pledge may be given to secure the performance of any lawful obligation, including obligations that arise in the future. As to all obligations, present and future, secured by the pledge, notwithstanding the nature of the obligations or the date they arise, the pledge has effect between the parties from the time that the requirements for formation of the contract of pledge are satisfied and has effect as to third persons from the time that the applicable requirements of Articles 3153 through 3155 are satisfied.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3147 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3147. Pledge securing obligation that is not for the payment of money

  A pledge that secures an obligation other than one for the payment of money, such as an obligation for the performance of an act, secures the claim of the pledgee for the damages he may suffer from the breach of the obligation.  See Acts 2014, No. 281, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 3148 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3148. Pledge securing an obligation of another person

  A person may pledge his property to secure an obligation of another person. In such a case, the pledgor may assert against the pledgee any defense that the obligor could assert except lack of capacity or discharge in bankruptcy of the obligor. The pledgor may also assert any other defenses available to a surety.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3149 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3149. Formal requirements of contract of pledge

  The pledge of a corporeal movable is effective between the parties only if the thing pledged has been delivered to the pledgee or a third person who has agreed to hold the thing for the benefit of the pledgee. The pledge of other things is effective between the parties only if established by written contract, but delivery is not required.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3150 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3150. Acceptance

  A written contract of pledge need not be signed by the pledgee, whose consent is presumed and whose acceptance may be tacit.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3151 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3151. Power to pledge

  A contract of pledge may be established only by a person having the power to alienate the thing pledged.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3152 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3152. Delivery and possession of thing pledged

  A pledge given over a thing that the pledgor does not own is established when the thing is acquired by the pledgor and the other requirements for the establishment of the pledge have been satisfied.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3153 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3153. Delivery of incorporeal rights

  A pledge is without effect as to third persons unless it has become effective between the parties and is established by written contract.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan, 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3154 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3154. Things subject to pawn

  The pledge of the lessor's rights in the lease of an immovable and its rents has effect against third persons in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 2 of this Title.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3155 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3155. Incorporeal movables

  If the thing pledged is another person's obligation not arising under the lease of an immovable, the pledge is effective against third persons only from the time that the obligor has actual knowledge of the pledge or has been given notice of it.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3156 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3156. Claims against other persons

  If the thing pledged has been delivered to the pledgee or a third person for the benefit of the pledgee, the pledgee is not obligated to return it until all secured obligations have been extinguished.  Amended by Acts 1981, No. 315, §1; Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3157 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3157. Privilege and preference of pledge creditor

  The contract of pledge is indivisible, notwithstanding the divisibility of the secured obligations, and the pledgor may not demand return of all or part of the thing pledged until all secured obligations have been extinguished.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3158 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3158. Enforcement of pledge of a movable

  If agreed in a written contract of pledge of a movable, the pledgee may, upon failure of performance of the secured obligation, dispose of the thing pledged at public auction or by private sale, but he shall act reasonably in disposing of the thing and shall account to the pledgor for any proceeds of the disposition in excess of the amount needed to satisfy the secured obligation. Otherwise, the pledgee may cause the sale of the thing pledged only by having it seized and sold under judicial process.  Amended by Acts 1900, No. 157, §1; Acts 1952, No. 290, §1; Acts 1989, No. 137, §17, eff. June 22, 1989; Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3159 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3159. Acts of pledge in favor of banks

  The pledgee is entitled to receive the fruits of the thing pledged and to retain them as security. He may also apply them to the secured obligation, even if not yet due.  Amended by Acts 1900, No. 157, §2; Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3160 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3160. Pledge of obligation of a third person

  If the thing pledged is an obligation of a third person, the pledgee is entitled to enforce performance of the third person's obligation when it becomes due and to retain as security any payment or other thing received from the third person. The pledgee may apply any money collected to the secured obligation, even if not yet due. He must account to the pledgor for any payment or other thing remaining after the secured obligation has been satisfied.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3161 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3161. Performance by obligor of a pledged obligation

  A third person obligated on a pledged obligation is bound to render performance to the pledgee only from the time that the pledgor or pledgee notifies him of the pledge and directs him in writing to render performance to the pledgee. Performance that the third person renders to the pledgor before that time extinguishes the pledged obligation and is effective against the pledgee.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3162 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3162. Delivery to creditor or to third person

  Unless the obligor of a pledged obligation makes a contrary agreement with the pledgor or pledgee, he may assert against the pledgee any defense arising out of the transaction that gave rise to the pledged obligation. He may also assert against the pledgee any other defense that arises against the pledgor before the obligor has been given written notice of the pledge.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3163 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3163. Partial payment of debt secured by pledge of several things

  A clause in a contract restricting the pledge of the rights of a party to payments that are or will become due under the contract, making the pledge or its enforcement a default under the contract, or providing that the other party is excused from performance or may terminate the contract on account of the pledge, is without effect.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3164 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3164. Right of retention until payment of debt

  The parties to a contract from which a pledged obligation arises may agree to modify or terminate the contract or to substitute a new contract. If made in good faith, the agreement is effective against the pledgee without his consent. Nevertheless, after written notice of the pledge is given to the obligor of a pledged obligation that has been fully earned by the pledgor's performance, an agreement modifying or extinguishing the pledged obligation is without effect against the pledgee unless made with his consent.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3165 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3165. Rights of pledgee on default of debtor; procedure

  Upon the modification of a contract from which a pledged obligation arises, or the substitution of a new contract, the pledge encumbers the corresponding rights of the pledgor under the modified or substituted contract.  Amended by Acts 1872, No. 9; Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3166 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3166. Ownership of thing pledged

  The pledgor and pledgee may agree that a modification or termination of the contract from which a pledged obligation of a third person arises, or the substitution of a new contract, is a default by the pledgor.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3167 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3167. Pledgee's liability for loss or decay of thing pledged; reimbursement of expenses of preservation

  In the absence of an assumption by the pledgee, the existence of a pledge does not impose upon the pledgee liability for the pledgor's acts or omissions, nor does it bind the pledgee to perform the pledgor's obligations.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Civ Code art. 3168 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 3168. Ownership of fruits of thing pledged

  A contract establishing a pledge of the lessor's rights in the lease of an immovable and its rents must state precisely the nature and situation of the immovable and must state the amount of the secured obligation or the maximum amount of secured obligations that may be outstanding from time to time.  Acts 2014, No. 281, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.