reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 8.01-433 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-433. Setting aside judgments confessed under § 8.01-432

Any judgment confessed under the provisions of § 8.01-432 may be set aside or reduced upon motion of the judgment debtor made within twenty-one days following notice to him that such judgment has been entered against him, and after twenty-one days notice to the judgment creditor or creditors for whom the judgment was confessed, on any ground which would have been an adequate defense or setoff in an action at law instituted upon the judgment creditor's note, bond or other evidence of debt upon which such judgment was confessed. Whenever any such judgment is set aside or modified the case shall be placed on the trial docket of the court, and the proceedings thereon shall thereafter be the same as if an action at law had been instituted upon the bond, note or other evidence of debt upon which judgment was confessed. After such case is so docketed the court shall make such order as to the pleadings, future proceedings and costs as to the court may seem just.Code 1950, § 8-357; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-433.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-433.1. Notice of confession of judgment provision

No judgment shall be confessed upon a note, bond, or other evidence of debt pursuant to a confession of judgment provision contained therein which does not contain a statement typed in boldface print of not less than eight point type on its face:IMPORTANT NOTICE THIS INSTRUMENT CONTAINS A CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT PROVISION WHICH CONSTITUTES A WAIVER OF IMPORTANT RIGHTS YOU MAY HAVE AS A DEBTOR AND ALLOWS THE CREDITOR TO OBTAIN A JUDGMENT AGAINST YOU WITHOUT ANY FURTHER NOTICE.This section shall only apply to notes, bonds, or other evidences of debt containing confession of judgment provisions entered into after January 1, 1993.1992, c. 396.
VA Code § 8.01-434 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-434. Lien of such judgments

The clerk shall record in the proper book any judgment confessed under the provisions of § 8.01-432 and the day and hour when the same was confessed, and the lien thereof shall attach and be binding from the time such judgment is recorded on the judgment lien docket of the clerk's office of the county or city in which land of the defendant lies. If the credit was extended for personal, family or household purposes, the judgment shall not be a lien against the real estate of the obligor or the basis of obtaining execution against his personal property until the expiration of the 21-day period allowed the judgment debtor as set forth in § 8.01-433. In the event the judgment debtor files a motion or other pleading within such 21-day period, the judgment shall not be a lien against such real estate or its basis of execution against personal property until an order to that effect is entered by the court. It will be presumed that the obligation is for personal, family or household purposes if the debtor is a natural person, unless the plaintiff or someone on his behalf makes oath or makes out and files an affidavit that the obligation was not for such purposes, or the obligation for which judgment is confessed recites that it is for other purposes.Code 1950, § 8-358; 1962, c. 388; 1970, c. 395; 1977, c. 617; 1986, c. 523; 2014, c. 330.
VA Code § 8.01-435 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-435. Who may confess judgment

Confession of judgment under the provisions of § 8.01-432 may be made either by the debtor himself or by his duly constituted attorney-in-fact, acting under and by virtue of a power of attorney duly executed and acknowledged by him as deeds are required to be acknowledged, before any officer or person authorized to take acknowledgments of writings to be recorded in this Commonwealth, provided, however, that any power of attorney incorporated in, and made part of, any note or bond authorizing the confession of judgment thereon against the makers and endorsers in the event of default in the payment thereof at maturity need not be acknowledged, but shall specifically name therein the attorney or attorneys or other person or persons authorized to confess such judgment and the clerk's office in which the judgment is to be confessed.The payee, obligee, or person otherwise entitled to payment under any note or bond may appoint a substitute for any attorney-in-fact authorized to confess judgment that is specifically named in such note or bond, by specifically naming the substitute attorney-in-fact in an instrument appointing the substitute attorney-in-fact. Such instrument shall be recorded and indexed according to law in the clerk's office where judgment is to be confessed by the terms of such note or bond, and a clerk's fee for such recording shall be paid as set out in § 17.1-275. If such note or bond does not contain a notice informing the debtor that a substitute attorney-in-fact may be appointed by the payee, obligee, or person otherwise entitled to payment under the note or bond, then within 10 days after the instrument appointing the substitute attorney-in-fact is recorded, the person appointing the substitute attorney-in-fact shall send notice of the appointment by certified mail to the debtor's last known address as it appears in the records of the person appointing the substitute attorney-in-fact.Code 1950, § 8-359; 1977, c. 617; 2012, cc. 31, 118.
VA Code § 8.01-436 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-436. Form of confession of judgment

On the presentation of any such power of attorney as is mentioned in § 8.01-435 by any of the persons therein named as attorney-in-fact, or on the personal appearance of the debtor and the expression by him of his desire to confess such judgment, the clerk of the court mentioned in such power of attorney, or before whom such debtor shall so appear, shall draw and require the attorney-in-fact so appearing, or the debtor, as the case may be, to sign a confession of judgment, which shall be in form substantially as follows:"Virginia: In the clerk's office of the __________ court of the __________ of __________, I, (or we) A.B., (or A.B. and C.D., etc.) hereby acknowledged myself (or ourselves) to be justly indebted to, and do hereby confess judgment in favor of (name of creditor) in the sum of __________ dollars ($_____) with interest thereon from the __________ day of __________, two thousand __________, until paid, and the cost of this proceeding (including the attorney's fees and collection fees provided for in the instrument on which the proceeding is based) hereby waiving the benefit of my (or our) homestead exemptions as to the same, provided the instrument on which the proceeding is based carries such homestead waiver.Given under my (or our) hand, this __________ day of __________, two thousand and __________(Signatures)or, if by an attorney-in-fact, signatures and seals of debtors,By ____________________ his (or their) attorney-in-fact."Code 1950, § 8-360; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-437 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-437. Endorsement of clerk thereon

When a judgment is so confessed, the clerk shall endorse upon such confession, or attach thereto, his certificate in manner and form substantially as follows:"Virginia: In the clerk's office of the __________ court of the __________ of __________.The foregoing (or attached) judgment was duly confessed before me in my said office on the __________ day of __________, two thousand and __________, at __________ o'clock __________ a.m., p.m. and has been duly entered of record in common-law order book number __________, page __________.Teste:____________________ clerk."Code 1950, § 8-361; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-438 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-438. When judgment confessed by attorney-in-fact copy to be served on judgment debtor

If a judgment is confessed by an attorney-in-fact, it shall be the duty of the clerk within ten days from the entry thereof to cause to be served upon the judgment debtor a certified copy of the order so entered in the common-law order book, to which order shall be appended a notice setting forth the provisions of § 8.01-433. The officer who serves the order shall make return thereof within ten days after service to the clerk. The clerk shall promptly file the order with the papers in the case. The failure to serve a copy of the order within sixty days from the date of entry thereof shall render the judgment void as to any debtor not so served.Service of a copy of the order on a nonresident judgment debtor by an officer of the county or city of his residence, authorized by law to serve processes therein, or by the clerk of the court sending a copy of the order by registered or certified mail to such nonresident judgment debtor at his last known post-office address and the filing of a certificate with the papers in the case showing that such has been done or of a receipt showing the receipt of such letter by such nonresident judgment debtor, shall be deemed sufficient service thereof for the purposes of this section.Code 1950, § 8-362; 1972, c. 611; 1976, c. 617; 1988, c. 420.
VA Code § 8.01-439 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-439. Filing of records by clerk

Such confession and clerk's certificate, together with the power of attorney if the confession be by an attorney-in-fact, and the note, bond or other obligation, if there be such, on which the judgment is based, shall be securely attached together by the clerk and filed by him among the records in his office.Code 1950, § 8-363; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-440 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-440. Docketing and execution

The clerk shall forthwith docket such judgment in the current judgment lien docket in his office and shall issue execution thereon as he may be directed by the creditor therein named, or his assigns, in the manner prescribed by law.Code 1950, § 8-364; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-441 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-441. When judgment confessed by virtue of power of attorney invalid

No judgment confessed in the office of the clerk of any circuit court in this Commonwealth, by virtue of a power of attorney, shall be valid, unless such power of attorney be in conformity with the provisions of this article.Code 1950, § 8-366; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-442 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-442. In joint actions on contract plaintiff, though barred as to some, may have judgment against others

In an action or motion, founded on contract, against two or more defendants, although the plaintiff may be barred as to one or more of them, yet he may have judgment against any other or others of the defendants, against whom he is not so barred.Code 1950, § 8-367; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-443 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-443. Joint wrongdoers; effect of judgment against one

A judgment against one of several joint wrongdoers shall not bar the prosecution of an action against any or all the others, but the injured party may bring separate actions against the wrongdoers and proceed to judgment in each, or, if sued jointly, he may proceed to judgment against them successively until judgment has been rendered against, or the cause has been otherwise disposed of as to, all of the defendants, and no bar shall arise as to any of them by reason of a judgment against another, or others, until the judgment has been satisfied. If there be a judgment against one or more joint wrongdoers, the full satisfaction of such judgment accepted as such by the plaintiff shall be a discharge of all joint wrongdoers, except as to the costs; provided, however, this section shall have no effect on the right of contribution between joint wrongdoers as set out in § 8.01-34.Code 1950, § 8-368; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-444 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-444. Where new parties added; if some not liable, how judgment entered

If it shall appear at the trial that all the original defendants are liable, but that one or more of the other persons added under the provisions of § 8.01-5 are not liable, the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment, or to verdict and judgment, as the case may be, against the defendants who appear liable, and such as are not liable shall have judgment and recover costs as against the plaintiff, who shall be allowed the same as costs against the defendants who cause them to be made parties.Code 1950, § 8-369; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-445 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-445. Distinction between term and vacation abolished; effect of time

The distinction of what a court may do in term as opposed to vacation is hereby abolished. The period of time provided for the doing of any act or the taking of any proceeding is not affected or limited by the continued existence or expiration of a term of court. The continued existence or expiration of a term of court in no way affects the power of a court to do any act or take any proceeding in any civil action which has been pending before it.1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-446 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-446. Clerks to keep judgment dockets; what judgments to be docketed therein

The clerk of each court of every circuit shall keep in his office, in a well-bound book, or by microphotographic or electronic process allowed by § 17.1-240, a judgment docket, in which he shall docket, without delay, any judgment for a specific amount of money rendered in his court, and shall likewise docket without delay any judgment for a specific amount of money rendered in this Commonwealth by any other court of this Commonwealth or federal court, when he shall be required so to do by any person interested, on such person delivering to him an authenticated legible abstract of it and also upon the request of any person interested therein, any such judgment rendered by a district court judge whose book has been filed in his office under the provisions of Title 16.1 or of which a legible abstract is delivered to him certified by the district court judge who rendered it; provided, that judgments docketed in the clerk's office of the Circuit Court of the City of Williamsburg and the County of James City shall be docketed and indexed in one book. A specific judgment for money shall state that it is a judgment for money in a specific amount in favor of a named party, against a named party, with that party's address, if known, and it shall further state the time from which the judgment bears interest. An order of restitution docketed pursuant to § 19.2-305.2 shall have the same force and effect as a specific judgment for money and shall state that it is an order of restitution in a specific amount in favor of a named party, against a named party, with that party's address, if known, and it shall further state the time from which the judgment bears interest. If the clerk determines that an abstract is not legible, the clerk shall refuse to record it and shall return it to the person who tendered the abstract for recording. No judgment for assessments described in subsection A of § 17.1-275.5 or for the fees provided for by § 17.1-275.1, 17.1-275.2, 17.1-275.3, 17.1-275.4, 17.1-275.7, 17.1-275.8, 17.1-275.9, 17.1-275.10, 17.1-275.11, 17.1-275.11:1, or 17.1-275.12 or for all other fines and costs shall be recorded as a judgment in favor of the Commonwealth if such fees, assessments, fines, or costs have been fully paid by the defendant by the date of sentencing by the court.Code 1950, § 8-373; 1952, c. 438; 1962, c. 568; 1973, c. 544; 1975, cc. 182, 575; 1977, c. 617; 1993, c. 412; 1994, c. 538; 1995, c. 434; 1997, c. 579; 2008, cc. 823, 833; 2013, c. 263; 2015, c. 641.
VA Code § 8.01-446.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-446.1. Keeping of docket books by clerk of court using micrographic process; form

Whenever judgments are docketed in the judgment lien book in the office of the clerk of the circuit court and are recorded by a procedural micrographic process as provided in § 17.1-240, or by any other method or process which renders impractical or impossible the subsequent entry of notations upon the docketed judgment, an appropriate certificate of assignment, release, partial release, certified copy of any order, or other separate instrument setting forth the necessary information as provided in this section shall be recorded and indexed according to law. Such instrument shall conform substantially with the following form:ORIGINAL BOOK # _____ PAGE _____ (or instrument no)ORIGINAL DATE DOCKETED: ____________________TYPE OF FILING (Check One)( ) Assignment( ) Release( ) Partial Release( ) Credit(s)( ) Additional Debtor(s)( ) New Name of DebtorDate of Judgment: ____________________Amount of Judgment: ____________________Plaintiff(s): ________________________________________Defendant(s): ________________________________________Assignee (If assignment): ________________________________________Payments (If credits): AMOUNT __________ DATE PAID __________(Complete below if additional debtor or change of name of debtor)Debtor: ________________________________________Social Security Number of Debtor (Last Four Digits) (If known): __________Given under my hand this __________ day of __________, __________________________________________________(Plaintiff) (Attorney for Plaintiff)(Authorized Agent for Plaintiff)Any judgment creditor who knowingly gives false information upon such certificate made under this section shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.1985, c. 48; 2008, cc. 823, 833.
VA Code § 8.01-447 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-447. Docketing of judgments and decrees of United States courts

Judgments and decrees rendered in the circuit court of appeals or a district court of the United States within this Commonwealth may be docketed and indexed in the clerks' offices of courts of this Commonwealth in the same manner and under the same rules and requirements of law as judgments and decrees of courts in this Commonwealth.Code 1950, § 8-375; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-448 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-448. Attorney General, etc., to have judgments in favor of Commonwealth docketed

Whenever a judgment is recovered in favor of the Commonwealth, it shall be the duty of the Attorney General or other attorney representing the Commonwealth, to cause such judgment to be docketed in all counties and cities wherein there is any real estate owned by any person against whom the judgment is recovered.Code 1950, § 8-376; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-450 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-450. How indexed

Every judgment shall, as soon as it is docketed, be indexed by the clerk in the name of each defendant, as required by § 17.1-249, and shall not be regarded as docketed as to any defendant in whose name it is not so indexed. The clerk may maintain such index on computer, word processor, microfilm, microfiche, or other micrographic process.Code 1950, § 8-378; 1977, c. 617; 1985, c. 171.
VA Code § 8.01-451 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-451. Judgments to be docketed and indexed in new names of judgment debtors; how execution may thereafter issue

Whenever there is a judgment docketed and indexed, as required by § 17.1-249, and thereafter a judgment debtor whose name is so recorded changes his name, whether by marriage, court order, by a voluntary assumption of a new name or otherwise, the clerk of the court in which the judgment was obtained, upon satisfactory proof that the judgment debtor has acquired a new name, shall docket and index the judgment in the new name. Execution may thereafter issue against the judgment debtor in the prior name, the new name, or both. The clerk may require the submission by any party interested in the judgment or by his duly authorized attorney or agent of a form similar to that set out in § 8.01-446.1 indicating that the judgment debtor has acquired a new name, and stating the new name. Such form shall constitute satisfactory proof of the new name. This section shall apply to all judgments obtained prior or subsequent to the enactment hereof.Code 1950, § 8-378.1; 1950, p. 440; 1977, c. 617; 1998, c. 639.
VA Code § 8.01-452 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-452. Entry of assignment of judgment on judgment lien docket

Whenever there shall be an assignment of a judgment, such assignment must be in writing, showing the date thereof, the name of the assignor and assignee, the amount of the judgment, and when and by what court granted, and either acknowledged as are deeds for recordation in the clerks' offices of circuit courts in the Commonwealth, or signed by the assignor, attested by two witnesses. Such assignment shall be recorded in a separate instrument referencing the page of the book where same is docketed, by the judgment creditor or his attorney of record. When such assignment is docketed as herein provided, further executions shall be issued in the name of the assignee as the plaintiff in the case.Code 1950, § 8-379; 1977, c. 617; 2014, c. 330.
VA Code § 8.01-452.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 17 - Judgments and Decrees Generally|§ 8.01-452.1. Disposal of exhibits in civil cases

A clerk of court, after sixty days have elapsed from the entry of judgment in a civil case or, if the civil case is appealed or notice of appeal is pending or the case is being reheard, when the appeal or rehearing is concluded, may dispose of or donate any exhibits filed in the case and in his possession after notifying the owner or his attorney by first-class mail and after twenty-one days from the mailing of the notice to the owner or attorney unless the owner or attorney requests the return of the exhibits.1981, c. 312; 1992, c. 57; 1995, c. 13; 1997, c. 135; 1998, c. 886.