reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MI Comp L § 500.2109 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2109 - Rates for Automobile Insurance and Home Insurance; Requirements; Determining Existence of Reasonable Degree of Competition.

500.2109 Rates for automobile insurance and home insurance; requirements; determining existence of reasonable degree of competition. Sec. 2109.  (1) All rates for automobile insurance and home insurance shall be made in accordance with the following provisions:  (a) Rates shall not be excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory. A rate shall not be held to be excessive unless the rate is unreasonably high for the insurance coverage provided and a reasonable degree of competition does not exist for the insurance to which the rate is applicable.  (b) A rate shall not be held to be inadequate unless the rate is unreasonably low for the insurance coverage provided and the continued use of the rate endangers the solvency of the insurer; or unless the rate is unreasonably low for the insurance provided and the use of the rate has or will have the effect of destroying competition among insurers, creating a monopoly, or causing a kind of insurance to be unavailable to a significant number of applicants who are in good faith entitled to procure that insurance through ordinary methods.  (c) A rate for a coverage is unfairly discriminatory in relation to another rate for the same coverage if the differential between the rates is not reasonably justified by differences in losses, expenses, or both, or by differences in the uncertainty of loss, for the individuals or risks to which the rates apply. A reasonable justification shall be supported by a reasonable classification system; by sound actuarial principles when applicable; and by actual and credible loss and expense statistics or, in the case of new coverages and classifications, by reasonably anticipated loss and expense experience. A rate is not unfairly discriminatory because it reflects differences in expenses for individuals or risks with similar anticipated losses, or because it reflects differences in losses for individuals or risks with similar expenses.  (2) A determination concerning the existence of a reasonable degree of competition with respect to subsection (1)(a) shall take into account a reasonable spectrum of relevant economic tests, including the number of insurers actively engaged in writing the insurance in question, the present availability of such insurance compared to its availability in comparable past periods, the underwriting return of that insurance over a period of time sufficient to assure reliability in relation to the risk associated with that insurance, and the difficulty encountered by new insurers in entering the market in order to compete for the writing of that insurance. History: Add. 1979, Act 145, Eff. Jan. 1, 1981 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2110 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2110 - Development and Evaluation of Rates; Considerations; Systems of Expense Provisions; Grouping Risks by Classifications.

500.2110 Development and evaluation of rates; considerations; systems of expense provisions; grouping risks by classifications.  Sec. 2110.  (1) In developing and evaluating rates pursuant to the standards prescribed in section 2109, due consideration shall be given to past and prospective loss experience within and outside this state, to catastrophe hazards, if any; to a reasonable margin for underwriting profit and contingencies; to dividends, savings, or unabsorbed premium deposits allowed or returned by insurers to their policyholders, members, or subscribers; to past and prospective expenses, both countrywide and those specially applicable to this state exclusive of assessments under this code; to assessments under this code; to underwriting practice and judgment; and to all other relevant factors within and outside this state.  (2) The systems of expense provisions included in the rates for use by any insurer or group of insurers may differ from those of other insurers or groups of insurers to reflect the requirements of the operating methods of the insurer or group with respect to any kind of insurance, or with respect to any subdivision or combination thereof for which subdivision or combination separate expense provisions are applicable.  (3) Risks may be grouped by classifications for the establishment of rates and minimum premiums. The classifications may measure differences in losses, expenses, or both.  History: Add. 1979, Act 145, Eff. Jan. 1, 1981 Compiler's Notes: Act 143 of 1993, which amended this section, was submitted to the people by referendum petition (as Proposal C) and rejected by a majority of the votes cast at the November 8, 1994, general election.Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2110a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2110a - Premium Discount Plan.

500.2110a Premium discount plan.Sec. 2110a.  If uniformly applied to all its insureds, an insurer may use factors in addition to those permitted by section 2111 for insurance if the plan is consistent with the purposes of this act and reflects reasonably anticipated reductions or increases in losses or expenses. This section does not affect benefits or obligations required under chapter 31. This section does not authorize an insurer to offer or prohibit an insurer from offering premium discount plans concerning any of the following:   (a) Health care services, health care providers, or health care facilities.  (b) Automobile repair providers.  (c) Materials used in the repair of an automobile. History: Add. 1996, Act 514, Imd. Eff. Jan. 13, 1997 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 441, Imd. Eff. Dec. 27, 2012 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2110b (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2110b - Use of Automobile Repair or Automobile Glass Repair or Replacement Service; Unreasonable Restriction Prohibited; Disclosure; Notice to Consumers; Development of Plan.

500.2110b Use of automobile repair or automobile glass repair or replacement service; unreasonable restriction prohibited; disclosure; notice to consumers; development of plan. Sec. 2110b.  (1) An automobile insurance policy and an automobile insurer and its employees, agents, and adjusters shall not unreasonably restrict an insured from using a particular person, place, shop, or entity for the providing of any automobile repair or automobile glass repair or replacement service or product covered by the policy.  (2) An automobile insurer shall disclose, prior to or at the time a claim is filed with the insurer, whether the insurer has an agreement with any repair or replacement facility to provide a repair or replacement service or product to an insured and shall inform an insured that he or she is under no obligation to use a particular repair or replacement facility.  (3) The office of financial and insurance services shall develop a plan whereby the office informs consumers of their rights regarding insurance coverage of automobile repairs, that the insurer is not required to pay more than a reasonable amount for repairs and parts, and of the insured's ability to report violations of their rights to the office of financial and insurance services through the office's toll-free telephone number or website. The plan shall be developed and submitted to the senate and house of representatives standing committees on insurance issues not later than 6 months after the effective date of this section. History: Add. 2004, Act 190, Imd. Eff. July 8, 2004 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2111a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2111a - Completion of Traffic Accident Prevention Course; Premium Discount to Insureds 50 Years of Age and Older; Provisions.

500.2111a Completion of traffic accident prevention course; premium discount to insureds 50 years of age and older; provisions.Sec. 2111a.  (1) Notwithstanding section 2111, an automobile insurer may offer a premium discount to insureds 50 years of age and older who successfully complete a traffic accident prevention course that an automobile insurer determines meets all of the criteria listed in subsection (3).  (2) An automobile insurer may provide the discount under subsection (1) for 3 years after successful completion of an initial or refresher traffic accident prevention course.  (3) A traffic accident prevention course shall provide for all of the following:  (a) For an initial traffic accident prevention course, includes not less than 8 hours of classroom instruction taught by an instructor certified by the entity offering the course. For a refresher traffic accident prevention course, includes not less than 4 hours of classroom instruction taught by an instructor certified by the entity offering the course.  (b) Includes, but is not limited to, instruction in all of the following areas:  (i) The effects of aging on driving behavior.  (ii) The shapes, colors, and types of road signs.  (iii) The effects of alcohol and other drugs, including medications, on older drivers.  (iv) Laws relating to the proper use of a motor vehicle and safe driving behavior.  (v) Traffic crash avoidance and prevention measures.  (vi) The benefits and proper use of motor vehicle occupant protection systems.  (vii) Major driving hazards and risk factors associated with traffic crash prevention.  (viii) Interaction with other highway users such as emergency vehicles, trucks, motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians.  (c) Provides, upon successful completion of the course, a certificate of completion that may be used in applying for an automobile insurance premium discount under subsection (1). History: Add. 2006, Act 610, Imd. Eff. Jan. 3, 2007 Compiler's Notes: Former MCL 500.2111a, which pertained to automobile insurance package policies within urban area territories, was repealed by Act 191 of 1991, Eff. Apr. 1, 1992.Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2111b, 500.2111c (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2111b, 500.2111c - Repealed. 1991, Act 191, Eff. Apr. 1, 1992.

500.2111b, 500.2111c Repealed. 1991, Act 191, Eff. Apr. 1, 1992. Compiler's Notes: The repealed sections pertained to prohibited territorial base rate and reports.Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2111d (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2111d - Home Insurance; Premium Discount Plan for Senior Citizens.

500.2111d Home insurance; premium discount plan for senior citizens. Sec. 2111d.  Notwithstanding section 2111, an insurer may establish or maintain for home insurance a premium discount plan for senior citizens in this state who are at least 55 years of age or older, if the plan is uniformly applied by the insurer throughout this state. History: Add. 1990, Act 131, Imd. Eff. June 26, 1990 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2111e (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2111e - Rates Increase Prohibited; Applicability of Section.

500.2111e Rates increase prohibited; applicability of section. Sec. 2111e.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this act, an automobile insurer shall not raise rates for automobile insurance before April 1, 1992. This section shall not apply to rate changes based upon assessments levied against insurers pursuant to section 3104 or 3330. History: Add. 1991, Act 191, Eff. Jan. 1, 1992 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2113 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2113 - Private Informal Managerial-Level Conference With Insurer; Internal Procedures; Review and Determination by Commissioner; Procedure for Determination; Hearing Matter as Contested Case.

500.2113 Private informal managerial-level conference with insurer; internal procedures; review and determination by commissioner; procedure for determination; hearing matter as contested case.  Sec. 2113.  (1) A person who has reason to believe that an insurer has improperly denied him or her automobile insurance or home insurance or has charged an incorrect premium for that insurance shall be entitled to a private informal managerial-level conference with the insurer and to a review before the commissioner, if the conference fails to resolve the dispute.  (2) An insurer shall establish reasonable internal procedures to provide a person with a private informal managerial-level conference regarding the matters described in subsection (1). These procedures shall include all of the following:  (a) A method of providing the person, upon request and payment of a reasonable copying charge, with information pertinent to the denial of insurance or to the premium charged.   (b) A method for resolving the dispute promptly and informally, while protecting the interests of both the person and the insurer.  (3) If the insurer fails to provide a conference and proposed resolution within 30 days after a request by a person, or if the person disagrees with the proposed resolution of the insurer after completion of the conference, the person shall be entitled to a determination of the matter by the commissioner.  (4) The commissioner shall by rule establish a procedure for determination under this section, which shall be reasonably calculated to resolve these matters informally and as rapidly as possible, while protecting the interests of both the person and the insurer.  (5) If either the insurer or the person disagrees with a determination of the commissioner under this section, the commissioner, if requested to do so by either party, shall proceed to hear the matter as a contested case under Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended. History: Add. 1979, Act 145, Eff. Jan. 1, 1981 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2114 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2114 - Person or Organization Aggrieved by Filing; Application for Hearing; Specification of Grounds; Notice of Hearing; Order of Commissioner.

500.2114 Person or organization aggrieved by filing; application for hearing; specification of grounds; notice of hearing; order of commissioner. Sec. 2114.  (1) A person or organization aggrieved with respect to any filing which is in effect and which affects the person or organization may make written application to the commissioner for a hearing on the filing. However, the insurer or rating organization which made the filing shall not be authorized to proceed under this subsection. The application shall specify the grounds to be relied upon by the applicant. If the commissioner finds that the application is made in good faith, that the applicant would be so aggrieved if the grounds specified are established, or that the grounds specified otherwise justify holding a hearing, the commissioner, not more than 30 days after receipt of the application, shall hold a hearing in accordance with Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended, upon not less than 10 days' written notice to the applicant, the insurer, and the rating organization which made the filing.  (2) If after hearing initiated under subsection (1) or upon the commissioner's own motion pursuant to Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended, the commissioner finds that a filing does not meet the requirements of sections 2109 and 2111, the commissioner shall issue an order stating the specific reasons for that finding. The order shall state when, within a reasonable time after issuance of the order, the filing shall be considered no longer effective. A copy of the order shall be sent to the applicant, if any, and to each insurer and rating organization subject to the order. The order shall not affect a contract or policy made or issued before the date the filing becomes ineffective, as indicated in the commissioner's order. History: Add. 1979, Act 145, Eff. Jan. 1, 1981 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2115 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2115 - Finding by Commissioner That Reasonable Degree of Competition Does Not Exist on Statewide Basis; Order Requiring Compliance With Chapter 24 or 26; Hearing; Notice; New Order.

500.2115 Finding by commissioner that reasonable degree of competition does not exist on statewide basis; order requiring compliance with chapter 24 or 26; hearing; notice; new order. Sec. 2115.  (1) If as part of a decision in a proceeding under section 2114, or in a separate proceeding on the commissioner's own motion, held pursuant to Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended, the commissioner finds that a reasonable degree of competition does not exist on a statewide basis with respect to automobile insurance or home insurance, the commissioner shall by order require each insurer which transacts that type of insurance in this state to comply with the provisions of chapter 24 or 26, as the case may be, with respect to that insurance which was the subject of the commissioner's finding. The order shall take effect not less than 90 nor more than 150 days after the order is issued. On or after the effective date of an order issued under this subsection, none of the provisions of this chapter shall be applicable to the insurance which was the subject of the order.  (2) After an order issued pursuant to subsection (1) has been in effect for 1 year, if the commissioner has reason to believe that there would be a reasonable degree of price competition for the type of insurance affected by the order, or if, upon the petition of an insurer or a resident of this state, there is a showing that there is reason to believe that there would be a reasonable degree of price competition for that type of insurance, the commissioner shall hold a hearing pursuant to Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended, to determine if a reasonable degree of price competition would exist if the order were no longer in effect. The hearing shall be held upon not less than 20 days' written notice to each insurer subject to the order and upon not less than 20 days' notice in not less than 3 newspapers of general circulation within this state.  (3) If the commissioner finds after the hearing that a reasonable degree of price competition would exist, the commissioner shall by order state when, not less than 90 nor more than 150 days after issuance of a new order, the preceding order will no longer be effective. On and after the effective date of an order issued under this subsection, the provisions of this chapter shall be applicable to the type of insurance which was the subject of the order. History: Add. 1979, Act 145, Eff. Jan. 1, 1981 ;-- Am. 1980, Act 461, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 1981 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance
MI Comp L § 500.2116 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 500 - Insurance Code of 1956|Act 218 of 1956 - The Insurance Code of 1956 (500.100 - 500.8302)|218-1956-21 - Chapter 21 (500.2101...500.2138)|Section 500.2116 - Condition of Licensure as Insurance Agent; Penalizing Insurance Agent.

500.2116 Condition of licensure as insurance agent; penalizing insurance agent.Sec. 2116.  (1) A duly licensed insurance agent licensed to represent 1 or more insurers shall, as a condition of licensure, do all of the following:   (a) Provide each eligible person seeking automobile insurance or home insurance a premium quotation for the forms or types of insurance coverages that are offered by the insurers represented by the agent and that are sought by the eligible person.  (b) Inform the eligible person of the number of insurers that he or she represents. If the agent represents additional insurers from which the eligible person may obtain insurance, the agent may provide additional premium quotations as requested by the eligible person.  (c) Not attempt to channel an eligible person away from an insurer or insurance coverage with the purpose or effect of avoiding an agent's obligation to submit an application or an insurer's obligation to accept an eligible person.  (d) On request, submit an application of the eligible person for automobile insurance or home insurance to the insurer selected by the eligible person.  (e) For automobile insurance only, at least annually, supply, with the renewal of a policy, to each insured, unless the information is available from the insurer, all of the following:  (i) An explanation of the insurance eligibility point system.  (ii) A statement that if the insured is an eligible person he or she may qualify for insurance from more than 1 insurer, and possibly at a lower rate.  (iii) A statement that the agent will, on request, furnish to the insured a set of quotations from insurers represented by the agent from whom the insured may obtain insurance, as required in this subsection.   (2) With respect to automobile insurance or home insurance, an insurer shall not penalize an individual agent by paying less than normal commissions or normal compensation or salary because of the expected or actual experience produced by the agent's business or because of the geographic location of business written by the agent. History: Add. 1979, Act 145, Eff. Jan. 1, 1981 ;-- Am. 1980, Act 461, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 1981 ;-- Am. 2012, Act 454, Imd. Eff. Dec. 27, 2012 Popular Name: Act 218Popular Name: Essential InsurancePopular Name: No-Fault Insurance