reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 8.01-130.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.3. Who is liable for rent

Rent may be recovered from the lessee or other person owing it, or his assignee, or the personal representative of either; however, no assignee shall be liable for rent that became due before his interest began. Nothing in this section shall impair or change the liability of heirs or devisees for rent, as for other debts of their ancestor or devisor.Code 1919, § 5521; Code 1950, § 55-229; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.5. Procedure for trial on warrant in distress

The distress warrant shall contain a return date and be tried in the same manner as an action on a warrant as prescribed in § 16.1-79, except that the case shall be returnable not more than 30 days from its date of issuance. The trial or hearing of the issues, except as otherwise provided, shall be the same, as near as may be, as in actions in personam.1980, c. 555, § 55-230.1; 1993, c. 841; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.6. On what goods levied; to what extent goods liable; priorities between landlord and other lienors

The distress may be levied on any goods of the lessee, his assignee, or any sublessee that are found on the premises or that may have been removed from the premises not more than 30 days prior to the levy. A levy within such 30 days shall have like effect as if the goods levied on had not been removed from the leased premises. If the goods of such lessee, assignee, or sublessee, when carried on the premises, are subject to a lien that is valid against his creditors, his interest only in such goods shall be liable to such distress. If any lien is created on such goods while they are upon the leased premises, or within 30 days after such lien is created, they are liable to distress, but for not more than six months' rent if the premises are used for residential purposes, and not for farming or agriculture, and for not more than 12 months' rent if the lands or premises are used for farming or agriculture, whether such rent has accrued before or after the creation of the lien. No other goods shall be liable to distress than such as are declared to be so liable in this section, nor shall the goods of the sublessee be liable to a greater amount than such sublessee owed the tenant at the time the distress was levied.Code 1919, § 5523; 1922, p. 863; 1932, p. 696; Code 1950, § 55-231; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.7 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.7. Procedure when distress levied and tenant unable to give forthcoming bond; what defense may be made

A. On affidavit by a tenant, whose property has been levied on under a warrant of distress, that (i) he is unable to give the bond required in § 8.01-526 and (ii) he has a valid defense under subsection B, the officer levying the warrant shall permit the property to remain in the possession and at the risk of the tenant, and shall return the warrant forthwith, together with the affidavit, to the court to which such warrant is returnable. Thereupon the landlord, after 10 days' notice in writing to the tenant, may make a motion for a judgment for the amount of the rent and for a sale of the property levied on. The tenant may make such defense as he is authorized to make, including defenses permitted under subsection B to an action or motion on the bond when one is given. Upon making such defense, the officer shall permit the property to remain in the possession of and at the risk of the tenant. If the property is perishable, or expensive to keep, the court may order it to be sold, and on the final trial of the cause, the court shall dispose of the property, or proceeds of sale, according to the rights of the parties.B. In an action or motion on a forthcoming bond, when it is taken under a distress warrant, the defendants may make defense on the ground that the distress was for rent not due in whole or in part or was otherwise illegal.Code 1919, § 6519; Code 1950, § 8-453; Code 1950, § 55-232; 1970, c. 43; 1975, c. 235; 1977, c. 624; 1980, c. 555; 1986, c. 341; 2007, c. 869; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.8 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.8. Review of decision to issue ex parte order or process; claim of exemption

Promptly after levy on the property or promptly after possession of the property is taken by the officer pursuant to an ex parte order, or after denial of an application to issue such order by a magistrate, upon application of either party, and after reasonable notice, a judge of the general district court having jurisdiction shall conduct a hearing to review the decision to issue the ex parte order or process. In the event that the judge finds that the order or process should not have been issued, the court may dismiss the distraint or award actual damages and reasonable attorney fees to the person whose property was taken, or both. The provisions of § 8.01-546.2 shall govern claims for exemption.1974, c. 458, § 55-232.2; 1980, c. 555; 1986, c. 341; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.9 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.9. On what terms purchasers and lienors inferior to landlord may remove goods; certain liens not affected

If, after the commencement of any tenancy, a lien is obtained or created by deed of trust, mortgage, or otherwise upon the interest or property in goods on premises leased or rented of any person liable for the rent, or such goods are sold, the party having such lien, or the purchaser of such goods, may remove them from the premises only on the following terms: On paying to the person entitled to the rent so much as is in arrear, and securing to him so much as to become due, what is so paid or secured not being more altogether than six months' rent if the premises are in a city or town, or in any subdivision of suburban and other lands divided into building lots for residential purposes, or of premises anywhere used for residential purposes, and not for farming or agriculture, and not being more altogether than 12 months' rent, if the lands or premises are used for farming or agriculture. If the goods are taken under legal process, the officer executing it shall, out of the proceeds of the goods, make such payment of what is in arrear, and as to what is to become due he shall sell a sufficient portion of the goods on a credit until then, taking from the purchasers bonds, with good security, payable to the person so entitled, and delivering such bonds to him. If the goods are not taken under legal process, such payment and security shall be made and given before their removal. Neither this section nor § 8.01-130.6 shall affect any lien for taxes, levies, or militia fines.For the purpose of this section and § 8.01-130.6, a monthly or weekly tenancy shall not be construed as a new lease for every month or week of occupation of the premises by the tenant, but his tenancy shall be considered as a continuance of his original lease so long as he continues to occupy the property without making any new written lease.Code 1919, § 5524; 1922, p. 863; 1932, p. 696; Code 1950, § 55-233; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.10 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.10. When goods of a sublessee may be removed from leased premises

The following limitations shall apply to § 8.01-130.9: a sublessee, or a purchaser from him, or a creditor holding a deed of trust, mortgage, or other encumbrance created on his goods after they were carried on the leased premises, may remove the same upon payment of so much of the rent contracted to be paid by him as is in arrear, and securing the residue, not exceeding six months' rent, if the premises are in a city or town, or in any subdivision of suburban and other lands divided into building lots for residential purposes, or of premises anywhere used for residential purposes, and not for farming or agriculture, and for not more than 12 months' rent if the lands or premises are used for farming or agriculture. If the goods are taken under legal process against him, the officer executing the same shall, out of the proceeds of his goods, make payment of so much of the rent as to which he is in arrear, and as to what is to become due from him shall sell sufficient of the goods upon credit until then, taking from the purchaser bonds with good security, payable to the party entitled to receive the same, and deliver them to him.Code 1919, § 5525; 1922, p. 863; 1932, p. 697; Code 1950, § 55-234; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.11 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.11. When officer may enter by force to levy distress or attachment

The officer having such distress warrant, or an attachment for rent, if there be need for it, may, in the daytime, break open and enter into any house or close in which there may be goods liable to the distress or attachment and may, either in the day or night, break open and enter any house or close wherein there may be any goods so liable that have been fraudulently or clandestinely removed from the demised premises. He may also levy such distress warrant or attachment on property liable for the rent found in the personal possession of the party liable therefor.Code 1919, § 5526; Code 1950, § 55-235; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.12 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.12. When distress not unlawful because of irregularity, etc.

When distress is made for rent justly due and any irregularity or unlawful act is afterwards done by the party distraining, or his agent, the distress itself shall not be deemed to be unlawful, nor is the party making it therefore deemed a trespasser ab initio. The party aggrieved by such irregularity or unlawful act may, by action, recover full satisfaction for the special damage he has sustained thereby.Code 1919, § 5527; Code 1950, § 55-236; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-130.13 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-130.13. Return of execution; process of sale thereunder

The sheriff under writ of execution from the court after hearing and judgment for the landlord, except as otherwise provided by law, shall make return on his execution as may be placed in his hands for collection and file the same, within 90 days after the same may have come to his hands, with the clerk of the court in which the case was heard. Upon the return of such execution such clerk shall preserve such execution in his office as is now provided as to other executions. If such return shows that a levy has been made and that property levied on remains unsold, it shall be lawful for the clerk of the court in whose office such return is filed to issue a writ of venditioni exponas thereon just as if the return were upon writ of fieri facias.Code 1919, § 5528; 1930, p. 456; Code 1950, § 55-237; 1962, c. 10; 1975, c. 235; 1980, c. 555; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 8.01-131 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-131. Action of ejectment retained; when and by whom brought

A. The action of ejectment is retained, subject to the provisions hereinafter contained, and to the applicable Rules of Court.B. Such action may be brought in the same cases in which a writ of right might have been brought prior to the first day of July, 1850, and by any person claiming real estate in fee or for life or for years, either as heir, devisee or purchaser, or otherwise.Code 1950, §§ 8-796, 8-797; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-132 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-132. What interest and right plaintiff must have

No person shall bring such ejectment action unless he has, at the time of commencing it, a subsisting interest in the premises claimed and a right to recover the same, or to recover the possession thereof, or some share, interest or portion thereof.Code 1950, § 8-799; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-133 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-133. Who shall be defendants; when and how landlord may defend

The person actually occupying the premises and any person claiming title thereto or claiming any interest therein adversely to the plaintiff may also, at the discretion of the plaintiff, be named defendants in the action. If there be no person actually occupying the premises adversely to the plaintiff, then the action must be against some person exercising ownership thereon or claiming title thereto or some interest therein at the commencement of suit. If a lessee be made defendant at the suit of a party claiming against the title of his landlord such landlord may appear and be made a defendant with or in place of his lessee.Code 1950, § 8-800; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-134 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-134. How action commenced and prosecuted

The action shall be commenced and prosecuted as other actions at law. The name of the real claimant shall be inserted as plaintiff, and all the provisions of law concerning a lessor of a plaintiff shall apply to such plaintiff.Code 1950, § 8-801; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-135 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-135. What is to be stated in motion for judgment

It shall be sufficient for the plaintiff to aver in his motion for judgment that on some day specified therein, which shall be after his title accrued, he was possessed of the premises claimed, and, being so possessed thereof, the defendant afterwards, on some day likewise specified, entered into such premises or exercised acts of ownership thereon or claimed title thereto or some interest therein, to the damage of the plaintiff in such sum as he shall state in his motion for judgment.Code 1950, § 8-802; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-136 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-136. How premises described

The premises claimed shall be described in the motion for judgment with convenient certainty, so that, from such description, with the aid of information derived from the plaintiff, possession thereof may be delivered.Code 1950, § 8-803; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-137 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-137. Plaintiff to state how he claims

The plaintiff shall also state whether he claims in fee or for his life, or the life of another, or for years, specifying such lives or the duration of such term, and when he claims an undivided share or interest he shall state the same.Code 1950, § 8-804; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-138 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-138. There may be several counts and several plaintiffs

The motion for judgment may contain several counts, and several parties may be named as plaintiffs jointly in one count and separately in others.Code 1950, § 8-805; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-139 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-139. What proof by plaintiff is sufficient

The consent rule, formerly used, remains abolished. The plaintiff need not prove an actual entry on, or possession of, the premises demanded, or receipt of any profits thereof, or any lease, entry, or ouster, except as hereinafter provided. But it shall be sufficient for him to show a right to the possession of the premises at the time of the commencement of the suit.Code 1950, § 8-809; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-140 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-140. Effect of reservation in deed; burden of proof

In any action, suit or other judicial proceeding involving the title to land embraced in the exterior boundaries of any patent, deed or other writing, which reserves one or more parcels of land from the operation of such patent, deed or other writing, if there be no claim made by a party to the proceedings that the land in controversy, or any part thereof, lies within such reservation, such patent, deed or other writing shall be construed, and shall have the same effect, as if it contained no such reservation; and if any party to such proceeding claims that the land in controversy, or any part thereof, lies within such reservation, the burden shall be upon him to prove the fact, and all land not shown by a preponderance of the evidence to lie within such reservation shall be deemed to lie without the same.This section shall apply in cases involving the right to the proceeds of any such land when condemned or sold, as well as in cases where the title to land is directly involved, and shall apply in any case in which the title to any part of the land, or its proceeds, but for this section, would or might be in this Commonwealth.Code 1950, § 8-810; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-141 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-141. When action by cotenants, etc., against cotenants, what plaintiff to prove

If the action be by one or more tenants in common, joint tenants or coparceners against their cotenants, the plaintiff shall be bound to prove actual ouster or some other act amounting to total denial of the plaintiff's right as cotenant.Code 1950, § 8-811; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-142 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-142. Verdict when action against several defendants

If the action be against several defendants, and a joint possession of all be proved, and the plaintiff be entitled to a verdict, it shall be against all, whether they pleaded separately or jointly.Code 1950, § 8-812; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-143 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-143. When there may be several judgments against defendants

If the action be against several defendants, and it appear on the trial that any of them occupy distinct parcels in severalty or jointly, and that other defendants possess other parcels in severalty or jointly, the plaintiff may recover several judgments against them, for the parcels so held by one or more of the defendants, separately from others.Code 1950, § 8-813; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-144 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-144. Recovery of part of premises claimed

The plaintiff may recover any specific or any undivided part or share of the premises, though it be less than he claimed in the motion for judgment.Code 1950, § 8-814; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-145 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-145. When possession of part not possession of whole

In a controversy affecting real estate, possession of part shall not be construed as possession of the whole when an actual adverse possession can be proved.Code 1950, § 8-815; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-146 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-146. When vendee, etc., entitled to conveyance of legal title, vendor cannot recover

A vendor, or any claiming under him, shall not, at law any more than in equity, recover against a vendee, or those claiming under him, lands sold by such vendor to such vendee, when there is a writing, stating the purchase and the terms thereof, signed by the vendor or his agent and there has been such payment or performance of what was contracted to be paid or performed on the part of the vendee, as would in equity entitle him, or those claiming under him, to a conveyance of the legal title of such land from the vendor, or those claiming under him, without condition.Code 1950, § 8-816; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-147 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-147. When mortgagee or trustee not to recover

The payment of the whole sum, or the performance of the whole duty, or the accomplishment of the whole purpose, which any mortgage or deed of trust may have been made to secure or effect, shall prevent the grantee, or his heirs, from recovering at law, by virtue of such mortgage or deed of trust, property thereby conveyed, whenever the defendant would in equity be entitled to a decree, revesting the legal title in him without condition.Code 1950, § 8-817; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-148 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-148. Right of defendant to resort to equity not affected

Whether the defendant shall or shall not make or attempt a defense under §§ 8.01-146 and 8.01-147, he shall not be precluded from resorting to equity for any relief to which he would have been entitled if such sections had not been enacted.Code 1950, § 8-818; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-149 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-149. Verdict when jury finds for plaintiffs or any of them

If the jury be of opinion for the plaintiffs, or any of them, the verdict shall be for the plaintiffs, or such of them as appear to have right to the possession of the premises, or any part thereof, and against such of the defendants as were in possession thereof or claimed title thereto at the commencement of the action.Code 1950, § 8-819; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-150 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-150. Verdict when any plaintiff has no right

When any plaintiff appears to have no such right, the verdict as to such plaintiff shall be for the defendants.Code 1950, § 8-820; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-151 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-151. How verdict to specify premises recovered

When the right of the plaintiff is proved to all the premises claimed, the verdict shall be for the premises generally as specified in the motion for judgment, but if it be proved to only a part or share of the premises, the verdict shall specify such part particularly as the same is proved, and with the same certainty of description as is required in the motion for judgment.Code 1950, § 8-821; 1954, c. 333; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-152 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-152. How verdict to specify undivided interest or share

If the verdict be for an undivided share or interest in the premises claimed, it shall specify the same, and if for an undivided share or interest of a part of the premises, it shall specify such share or interest, and describe such part as before required.Code 1950, § 8-822; 1977, c. 617.
VA Code § 8.01-153 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure|Chapter 3 - Actions|§ 8.01-153. Verdict to specify estate of plaintiff

The verdict shall also specify the estate found in the plaintiff, whether it be in fee or for life, stating for whose life, or whether it be a term of years, and specifying the duration of such term.Code 1950, § 8-823; 1977, c. 617.