reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
SC Code § 36-8-301 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-301. Delivery.

 (a) Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser occurs when:  (1) the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate;  (2) another person, other than a securities intermediary, either acquires possession of the security certificate on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired possession of the certificate, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser; or  (3) a securities intermediary acting on behalf of the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate, only if the certificate is in registered form and is (i) registered in the name of the purchaser, (ii) payable to the order of the purchaser, or (iii) specially indorsed to the purchaser by an effective indorsement and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank.  (b) Delivery of an uncertificated security to a purchaser occurs when:  (1) the issuer registers the purchaser as the registered owner, upon original issue or registration of transfer; or  (2) another person, other than a securities intermediary, either becomes the registered owner of the uncertificated security on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously become the registered owner, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-301; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-302 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-302. Rights of purchaser.

 (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c), a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security acquires all rights in the security that the transferor had or had power to transfer.  (b) A purchaser of a limited interest acquires rights only to the extent of the interest purchased.  (c) A purchaser of a certificated security who as a previous holder had notice of an adverse claim does not improve its position by taking from a protected purchaser.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-302; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-303 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-303. Protected purchaser.

 (a) "Protected purchaser" means a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security, or of an interest therein, who:  (1) gives value;  (2) does not have notice of any adverse claim to the security; and  (3) obtains control of the certificated or uncertificated security.  (b) In addition to acquiring the rights of a purchaser, a protected purchaser also acquires its interest in the security free of any adverse claim.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-303; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-304 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-304. Indorsement.

 (a) An indorsement may be in blank or special. An indorsement in blank includes an indorsement to bearer. A special indorsement specifies to whom a security is to be transferred or who has power to transfer it. A holder may convert a blank indorsement to a special indorsement.  (b) An indorsement purporting to be only of part of a security certificate representing units intended by the issuer to be separately transferable is effective to the extent of the indorsement.  (c) An indorsement, whether special or in blank, does not constitute a transfer until delivery of the certificate on which it appears or, if the indorsement is on a separate document, until delivery of both the document and the certificate.  (d) If a security certificate in registered form has been delivered to a purchaser without a necessary indorsement, the purchaser may become a protected purchaser only when the indorsement is supplied. However, against a transferor, a transfer is complete upon delivery and the purchaser has a specifically enforceable right to have any necessary indorsement supplied.  (e) An indorsement of a security certificate in bearer form may give notice of an adverse claim to the certificate, but it does not otherwise affect a right to registration that the holder possesses.  (f) Unless otherwise agreed, a person making an indorsement assumes only the obligations provided in Section 36-8-108 and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-304; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-305 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-305. Instruction.

 (a) If an instruction has been originated by an appropriate person but is incomplete in any other respect, any person may complete it as authorized and the issuer may rely on it as completed, even though it has been completed incorrectly.  (b) Unless otherwise agreed, a person initiating an instruction assumes only the obligations imposed by Section 36-8-108 and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-305; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-306 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-306. Effect of guaranteeing signature, indorsement, or instruction.

 (a) A person who guarantees a signature of an indorser of a security certificate warrants that at the time of signing:  (1) the signature was genuine;  (2) the signer was an appropriate person to indorse, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; and  (3) the signer had legal capacity to sign.  (b) A person who guarantees a signature of the originator of an instruction warrants that at the time of signing:  (1) the signature was genuine;  (2) the signer was an appropriate person to originate the instruction, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person, if the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner was, in fact, the registered owner, as to which fact the signature guarantor does not make a warranty; and  (3) the signer had legal capacity to sign.  (c) A person who specially guarantees the signature of an originator of an instruction makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subsection (b) and also warrants that at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer:  (1) the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner of the uncertificated security will be the registered owner; and  (2) the transfer of the uncertificated security requested in the instruction will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the instruction.  (d) A guarantor under subsections (a) and (b) or a special guarantor under subsection (c) does not otherwise warrant the rightfulness of the transfer.  (e) A person who guarantees an indorsement of a security certificate makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subsection (a) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.  (f) A person who guarantees an instruction requesting the transfer of an uncertificated security makes the warranties of a special signature guarantor under subsection (c) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.  (g) An issuer may not require a special guaranty of signature, a guaranty of indorsement, or a guaranty of instruction as a condition to registration of transfer.  (h) The warranties under this section are made to a person taking or dealing with the security in reliance on the guaranty, and the guarantor is liable to the person for loss resulting from their breach. An indorser or originator of an instruction whose signature, indorsement, or instruction has been guaranteed is liable to a guarantor for any loss suffered by the guarantor as a result of breach of the warranties of the guarantor.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-306; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-307 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-307. Registration of transfer of security; proof of authority to transfer.

 (A) Unless otherwise agreed, the transferor of a security on due demand shall supply the purchaser with proof of authority to transfer or with other documentation necessary to obtain registration of the transfer of the security. If the transferor fails to comply with the demand within a reasonable time, the purchaser may reject or rescind the transfer.  (B) If the transfer is not for value, a transferor is not required to comply with subsection (A) unless the purchaser pays the necessary expense.  HISTORY: 2004 Act No. 221, Section 7, eff April 29, 2004.
SC Code § 36-8-401 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-401. Duty of issuer to register transfer.

 (a) If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer shall register the transfer as requested if:  (1) under the terms of the security the person seeking registration of transfer is eligible to have the security registered in its name;  (2) the indorsement or instruction is made by the appropriate person or by an agent who has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person;  (3) reasonable assurance is given that the indorsement or instruction is genuine and authorized under Section 36-8-402;  (4) any applicable law relating to the collection of taxes has been complied with;  (5) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer imposed by the issuer in accordance with Section 36-8-204;  (6) a demand that the issuer not register transfer has not become effective under Section 36-8-403, or the issuer has complied with Section 36-8-403(b) but no legal process or indemnity bond is obtained as provided in Section 36-8-403(d); and  (7) the transfer is in fact rightful or is to a protected purchaser.  (b) If an issuer is under a duty to register a transfer of a security, the issuer is liable to a person presenting a certificated security or an instruction for registration or to the person's principal for loss resulting from unreasonable delay in registration or failure or refusal to register the transfer.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-401; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-402 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-402. Assurance that indorsement or instruction is effective.

 (a) An issuer may require the following assurance that each necessary indorsement or each instruction is genuine and authorized:  (1) in all cases, a guaranty of the signature of the person making an indorsement or originating an instruction including, in the case of an instruction, reasonable assurance of identity;  (2) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by an agent, appropriate assurance of actual authority to sign;  (3) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a fiduciary pursuant to Section 36-8-107(a)(4) or (a)(5), appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency;  (4) if there is more than one fiduciary, reasonable assurance that all who are required to sign have done so; and  (5) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a person not covered by another provision of this subsection, assurance appropriate to the case corresponding as nearly as may be to the provisions of this subsection.  (b) An issuer may elect to require reasonable assurance beyond that specified in this section.  (c) In this section:  (1) "Guaranty of the signature" means a guaranty signed by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by the issuer to be responsible. An issuer may adopt standards with respect to responsibility if they are not manifestly unreasonable.  (2) "Appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency" means:  (i) in the case of a fiduciary appointed or qualified by a court, a certificate issued by or under the direction or supervision of the court or an officer thereof and dated within sixty days before the date of presentation for transfer; or  (ii) in any other case, a copy of a document showing the appointment or a certificate issued by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by an issuer to be responsible or, in the absence of that document or certificate, other evidence the issuer reasonably considers appropriate.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-402; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-403 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-403. Demand that issuer not register transfer.

 (a) A person who is an appropriate person to make an indorsement or originate an instruction may demand that the issuer not register transfer of a security by communicating to the issuer a notification that identifies the registered owner and the issue of which the security is a part and provides an address for communications directed to the person making the demand. The demand is effective only if it is received by the issuer at a time and in a manner affording the issuer reasonable opportunity to act on it.  (b) If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security after a demand that the issuer not register transfer has become effective, the issuer shall promptly communicate to (i) the person who initiated the demand at the address provided in the demand and (ii) the person who presented the security for registration of transfer or initiated the instruction requesting registration of transfer a notification stating that:  (1) the certificated security has been presented for registration of transfer or the instruction for registration of transfer of the uncertificated security has been received;  (2) a demand that the issuer not register transfer had previously been received; and  (3) the issuer will withhold registration of transfer for a period of time stated in the notification in order to provide the person who initiated the demand an opportunity to obtain legal process or an indemnity bond.  (c) The period described in subsection (b)(3) may not exceed thirty days after the date of communication of the notification. A shorter period may be specified by the issuer if it is not manifestly unreasonable.  (d) An issuer is not liable to a person who initiated a demand that the issuer not register transfer for any loss the person suffers as a result of registration of a transfer pursuant to an effective indorsement or instruction if the person who initiated the demand does not, within the time stated in the issuer's communication, either:  (1) obtain an appropriate restraining order, injunction, or other process from a court of competent jurisdiction enjoining the issuer from registering the transfer; or  (2) file with the issuer an indemnity bond, sufficient in the issuer's judgment to protect the issuer and any transfer agent, registrar, or other agent of the issuer involved from any loss it or they may suffer by refusing to register the transfer.  (e) This section does not relieve an issuer from liability for registering transfer pursuant to an indorsement or instruction that was not effective.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-403; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-404 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-404. Wrongful registration.

 (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 36-8-406, an issuer is liable for wrongful registration of transfer if the issuer has registered a transfer of a security to a person not entitled to it, and the transfer was registered:  (1) pursuant to an ineffective indorsement or instruction;  (2) after a demand that the issuer not register transfer became effective under Section 36-8-403(a) and the issuer did not comply with Section 36-8-403(b);  (3) after the issuer had been served with an injunction, restraining order, or other legal process enjoining it from registering the transfer, issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, and the issuer had a reasonable opportunity to act on the injunction, restraining order, or other legal process; or  (4) by an issuer acting in collusion with the wrongdoer.  (b) An issuer that is liable for wrongful registration of transfer under subsection (a) on demand shall provide the person entitled to the security with a like certificated or uncertificated security, and any payments or distributions that the person did not receive as a result of the wrongful registration. If an overissue would result, the issuer's liability to provide the person with a like security is governed by Section 36-8-210.  (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) or in a law relating to the collection of taxes, an issuer is not liable to an owner or other person suffering loss as a result of the registration of a transfer of a security if registration was made pursuant to an effective indorsement or instruction.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-404; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-405 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-405. Replacement of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate.

 (a) If an owner of a certificated security, whether in registered or bearer form, claims that the certificate has been lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken, the issuer shall issue a new certificate if the owner:  (1) so requests before the issuer has notice that the certificate has been acquired by a protected purchaser;  (2) files with the issuer a sufficient indemnity bond; and  (3) satisfies other reasonable requirements imposed by the issuer.  (b) If, after the issue of a new security certificate, a protected purchaser of the original certificate presents it for registration of transfer, the issuer shall register the transfer unless an overissue would result. In that case, the issuer's liability is governed by Section 36-8-210. In addition to any rights on the indemnity bond, an issuer may recover the new certificate from a person to whom it was issued or any person taking under that person, except a protected purchaser.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-405; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-406 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-406. Obligation to notify issuer of lost, destroyed, or wrongfully taken security certificate.

 If a security certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed, or wrongfully taken, and the owner fails to notify the issuer of that fact within a reasonable time after the owner has notice of it and the issuer registers a transfer of the security before receiving notification, the owner may not assert against the issuer a claim for registering the transfer under Section 36-8-404 or a claim to a new security certificate under Section 36-8-405.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.8-406; 1966 (54) 2716; 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-407 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-407. Authenticating trustee, transfer agent, and registrar.

 A person acting as authenticating trustee, transfer agent, registrar, or other agent for an issuer in the registration of a transfer of its securities, in the issue of new security certificates or uncertificated securities, or in the cancellation of surrendered security certificates has the same obligation to the holder or owner of a certificated or uncertificated security with regard to the particular functions performed as the issuer has in regard to those functions.  HISTORY: 1991 Act No. 161, Section 1; 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-501 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-501. Securities account; acquisition of security entitlement from securities intermediary.

 (a) "Securities account" means an account to which a financial asset is or may be credited in accordance with an agreement under which the person maintaining the account undertakes to treat the person for whom the account is maintained as entitled to exercise the rights that comprise the financial asset.  (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e), a person acquires a security entitlement if a securities intermediary:  (1) indicates by book entry that a financial asset has been credited to the person's securities account;  (2) receives a financial asset from the person or acquires a financial asset for the person and, in either case, accepts it for credit to the person's securities account; or  (3) becomes obligated under other law, regulation, or rule to credit a financial asset to the person's securities account.  (c) If a condition of subsection (b) has been met, a person has a security entitlement even though the securities intermediary does not itself hold the financial asset.  (d) If a securities intermediary holds a financial asset for another person, and the financial asset is registered in the name of, payable to the order of, or specially indorsed to the other person, and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank, the other person is treated as holding the financial asset directly rather than as having a security entitlement with respect to the financial asset.  (e) Issuance of a security is not establishment of a security entitlement.  HISTORY: 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.
SC Code § 36-8-502 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 8 - Commercial Code - Investment Securities|Section 36-8-502. Assertion of adverse claim against entitlement holder.

 An action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a person who acquires a security entitlement under Section 36-8-501 for value and without notice of the adverse claim.  HISTORY: 2001 Act No. 67, Section 5.