reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-1.2 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 1 - Short Title; How Cited; References; Severability; Application 1-1.2 - References

§ 1-1.2 ReferencesUnless  otherwise  stated,  all references in this chapter to article,   part or section number refer to the articles, parts or  section  numbers   of  this chapter, and all references in any section of this chapter to a   lettered or numbered paragraph or subparagraph refer to the paragraph or   subparagraph so lettered or numbered in such section.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-1.3 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 1 - Short Title; How Cited; References; Severability; Application 1-1.3 - Rules Governing Use of Certain Words

§ 1-1.3 Rules governing use of certain words   In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:  (a)    Words  in  the  singular  number include the plural, and in the plural include the singular.  (b)   Words of the masculine  gender  include  the  feminine  and  the neuter,  and  when the sense so indicates words of the neuter gender may refer to any gender.  (c)  The word "writing" includes typewritten or printed matter.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-1.4 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 1 - Short Title; How Cited; References; Severability; Application 1-1.4 - Severability

§ 1-1.4 SeverabilityIf  any provision of this chapter or application thereof to any person   or circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other   provisions or applications of this chapter which  can  be  given  effect   without  regard to the invalid provision or application, and to this end   the provisions of this chapter are declared to be severable.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-1.5 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 1 - Short Title; How Cited; References; Severability; Application 1-1.5 - Application

§ 1-1.5 ApplicationUnless  otherwise stated therein, the provisions of this chapter apply   to the estates, and to instruments making dispositions  or  appointments   thereof,  of  persons  living  on  its effective date or born subsequent   thereto, without regard to the date of execution of any such instrument;   except that the provisions of this chapter shall not  impair  or  defeat   any  rights  which  have  accrued  under dispositions or appointments in   effect prior to its effective date.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.1 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.1 - Codicil

§ 1-2.1 CodicilA  codicil is a supplement to a will, either adding to, taking from or   altering its provisions  or  confirming  it  in  whole  or  in  part  by   republication, but not totally revoking such will.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.2 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.2 - Creator

§ 1-2.2 CreatorA creator is a person who makes a disposition of property.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.3 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.3 - Demonstrative Disposition

§ 1-2.3 Demonstrative dispositionA  demonstrative disposition is a testamentary disposition of property   to be taken out of specified or identified property.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.4 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.4 - Disposition

§ 1-2.4 DispositionA  disposition  is  a  transfer  of  property  by  a person during his   lifetime or by will.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.5 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.5 - Distributee

§ 1-2.5 DistributeeA distributee is a person entitled to take or share in the property of   a decedent under the statutes governing descent and distribution.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.6 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.6 - Estate

§ 1-2.6 Estate   Depending upon the context, "estate" may mean:  (a)  The interest which a person has in property.  (b)  The aggregate of property which a person owns.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.7 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.7 - Fiduciary

§ 1-2.7 FiduciaryA  fiduciary is a person who meets the description, in this part, of a   "personal representative" or who is designated by the creator or by  the   court  to  act  as  an  assignee  for  the  benefit  of  creditors, or a   committee, conservator, curator, custodian, guardian, trustee  or  donee   of a power during minority.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.8 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.8 - General Disposition

§ 1-2.8 General dispositionA  general  disposition  is a testamentary disposition of property not   amounting to a demonstrative, residuary or specific disposition.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.9 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.9 - Incompetent

§ 1-2.9 IncompetentAn  incompetent  is  a  person  judicially declared to be incapable of   managing his affairs.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.9-A (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.9-A - Infant or Minor

§ 1-2.9-a  Infant or minorAs  used  in this chapter, the term "infant" or "minor" means a person   who has not attained the age of eighteen years, provided, however,  that   such definition shall not be applicable to any provision relating to the   New York Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, nor to section 13-3.4.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.10 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.10 - Issue

§ 1-2.10 Issue  (a)  Unless a contrary intention is indicated:  (1)  Issue are the descendants in any degree from a common ancestor.  (2)  The terms "issue" and "descendants", in subparagraph (1), include adopted children.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.11 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.11 - Per Capita

§ 1-2.11 Per capitaA  disposition  or  distribution  of property is per capita when it is   made to persons, each of whom is to take  in  his  own  right  an  equal   portion of such property.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.12 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.12 - Person

§ 1-2.12 PersonThe  term  "person"  includes a natural person, an association, board,   any  corporation,  whether  municipal,  stock   or   non-stock,   court,   governmental agency, authority or subdivision, partnership or other firm   and the state.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.13 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.13 - Personal Representative

§ 1-2.13 Personal representativeA  personal  representative  is  a  person who has received letters to   administer the estate of a  decedent.  The  term  does  not  include  an   assignee  for  the  benefit  of  creditors, or a committee, conservator,   curator, custodian,  guardian,  trustee  or  donee  of  a  power  during   minority.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.14 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.14 - Per Stirpes

§ 1-2.14 Per stirpesA  per  stirpes  disposition  or  distribution  of property is made to   persons who take as issue  of  a  deceased  ancestor  in  the  following   manner:The  property so passing is divided into as many equal shares as there   are (i) surviving issue  in  the  generation  nearest  to  the  deceased   ancestor  which  contains  one or more surviving issue and (ii) deceased   issue in the same generation who left  surviving  issue,  if  any.  Each   surviving member in such nearest generation is allocated one share.  The   share  of a deceased issue in such nearest generation who left surviving   issue shall be distributed in the same manner to such issue.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.15 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.15 - Property

§ 1-2.15 PropertyProperty is anything that may be the subject of ownership, and is real   or personal property.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.16 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.16 - Representation

§ 1-2.16 RepresentationBy representation means a disposition or distribution of property made   in  the  following  manner  to  persons  who take as issue of a deceased   ancestor:The property so passing is divided into as many equal shares as  there   are  (i)  surviving  issue  in  the  generation  nearest to the deceased   ancestor which contains one or more surviving issue  and  (ii)  deceased   issue  in  the  same  generation  who left surviving issue, if any. Each   surviving member in such nearest generation is allocated one share.  The   remaining  shares,  if  any,  are  combined and then divided in the same   manner among the surviving  issue  of  the  deceased  issue  as  if  the   surviving  issue who are allocated a share had predeceased the decedent,   without issue.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.17 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.17 - Specific Disposition

§ 1-2.17 Specific disposition.A  specific  disposition is a disposition of a specified or identified   item of the testator's property.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.18 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.18 - Testamentary Beneficiary

§ 1-2.18 Testamentary beneficiaryA testamentary beneficiary is a person in whose favor a disposition of   property is made by will.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.19 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.19 - Will

§ 1-2.19 Will  (a)    A  will  is  an oral declaration or written instrument, made as prescribed by 3-2.1 or 3-2.2 to take effect upon death, whereby a person disposes of property or  directs  how  it  shall  not  be  disposed  of, disposes  of his body or any part thereof, exercises a power, appoints a fiduciary or makes any other provision for  the  administration  of  his estate, and which is revocable during his lifetime.  (b)  Unless the context otherwise requires, the term "will" includes a "codicil".
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 1-2.20 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 1 - General Provisions Part 2 - Definitions 1-2.20 - Lifetime Trust

§ 1-2.20 Lifetime trustThe  term  "lifetime  trust"  shall  mean  an  express  trust  and all   amendments thereto created other than by will and shall not  include;  a   trust for the benefit of creditors, a resulting or constructive trust, a   business  trust  where certificates of beneficial interest are issued to   the  beneficiary,  an  investment  trust,  voting  trust,   a   security   instrument  such  as  a deed of trust and a mortgage, a trust created by   the judgment or decree of  a  court,  a  liquidation  or  reorganization   trust,  a  trust  for  the  sole  purpose of paying dividends, interest,   interest coupons, salaries,  wages,  pensions  or  profits,  instruments   wherein  persons  are  mere  nominees  for others, or a trust created in   deposits in any banking institution or savings and loan institution.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.1 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.1 - Heirs at Law and Next of Kin Defined

§ 2-1.1 Heirs at law and next of kin definedWhenever  used in a statute or instrument, unless a contrary intention   is expressed therein, the term "heirs", "heirs at law", "next of kin" or   any term of like import means the distributees, as defined in 1-2.5.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.2 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.2 - Issue to Take per Capita, per Stirpes or by Representation

§ 2-1.2 Issue to take per capita, per stirpes or by representation  (a)  Instruments  executed  prior to September first, nineteen hundred ninety-two.  Whenever a disposition of property is made to "issue", such issue, if in equal degree of consanguinity  to  their  common  ancestor, take  per  capita,  but  if  in  unequal  degree,  per stirpes, unless a contrary intention is expressed.  (b) Instruments executed on or after September first, nineteen hundred ninety-two. Whenever a disposition of property is made to "issue",  such issue  take  by  representation  as defined in 1-2.16, unless a contrary intention is expressed.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.3 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.3 - Adopted Children and Posthumous Children as Members of a Class

§ 2-1.3 Adopted children and posthumous children as members of a class  (a)  Unless  the creator expresses a contrary intention, a disposition of property to  persons  described  in  any  instrument  as  the  issue, children,  descendants,  heirs,  heirs at law, next of kin, distributees (or by any term of like import) of the creator or of another, includes:  (1) Adopted children and their issue in their  adoptive  relationship. The  rights of adopted children and their issue to receive a disposition under wills and lifetime instruments  as  a  member  of  such  class  of persons  based  upon  their  birth relationship shall be governed by the provisions of subdivision two of section one hundred  seventeen  of  the domestic relations law.  (2)  Children  conceived before, but born alive after such disposition becomes effective.  (3) Nonmarital  children.  For  the  purposes  of  this  paragraph,  a nonmarital  child  is the child of a mother and is the child of a father if the child is entitled to inherit from such father under section 4-1.2 of this chapter. The provisions of this paragraph  shall  apply  to  the wills  of  persons  dying on and after September first, nineteen hundred ninety-one, to lifetime instruments theretofore executed which  on  said date  are  subject to the grantor's power to revoke or amend, and to all lifetime instruments executed on or after such date.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.4 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.4 - Words of Inheritance Unnecessary

§ 2-1.4 Words of inheritance unnecessaryThe  word  "heirs"  or  words  of  inheritance  of like import are not   necessary to create or dispose  of a fee.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.5 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.5 - Advancements and Their Adjustment

§ 2-1.5 Advancements and their adjustment  (a)  An advancement is an irrevocable gift intended by the donor as an anticipatory distribution in complete or  partial  satisfaction  of  the interest  of  the  donee in the donor's estate, either as distributee in intestacy or as beneficiary under an existing will of the donor.  (b) No advancement shall affect the distribution of the estate of  the donor unless proved by a writing contemporaneous therewith signed by the donor   evidencing  his  intention  that  the  gift  be  treated  as  an advancement, or by the donee acknowledging that such was the intention.  (c) When so proved, the advancement is part of the estate of the donor for the purpose of distribution. If such  advancement  is  equal  to  or greater  than  the  interest of the donee, whether in intestacy or under the will, such donee or his successor in interest may not share  in  the distribution  of  the  estate;  but if less than such intestate share or testamentary interest, the donee or his successor in interest  may  take his  intestate  share  or testamentary interest reduced by the amount of the advancement.  (d) Unless otherwise provided in a writing  contemporaneous  with  the advancement and signed by the donor:  (1)  An advancement, made as provided in this section, may be adjusted out of the property of the donor in such manner as may be equitable.  (2) The advancement shall have the value at which it is appraised  for estate  tax purposes, or, if not included in the gross taxable estate of the donor, the value at which it would have been appraised  if  included therein.  (e)  Nothing  in  this section shall increase or decrease the elective share of a surviving spouse under either 5-1.1 or 5-1.1-A except to  the extent authorized by paragraph (b) of those sections.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.7 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.7 - Presumption of Death From Absence; Effect of Exposure to Specific Peril.

§ 2-1.7 Presumption  of  death  from  absence;  effect  of  exposure  to           specific peril  (a) A person who is absent for a continuous  period  of  three  years, during  which,  after  diligent  search,  he or she has not been seen or heard of or from, and whose  absence  is  not  satisfactorily  explained shall be presumed, in any action or proceeding involving any property of such  person,  contractual or property rights contingent upon his or her death or the administration of his or her estate,  to  have  died  three years  after  the  date  such  unexplained absence commenced, or on such earlier date as clear and convincing evidence establishes  is  the  most probable date of death.  (b) The fact that such person was exposed to a specific peril of death may  be  a  sufficient  basis  for  determining  at  any time after such exposure that he or she died less than three years after the date his or her absence commenced.  (c) The three-year period provided herein shall not apply in any  case in which a different period has been prescribed by statute.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.9 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.9 - Distributions in Kind by Executors and Trustees

§ 2-1.9 Distributions in kind by executors and trustees  (a)   (1)   As used in this section, the terms "pecuniary disposition" and "transfer in trust of a  pecuniary  amount"  mean,  respectively,  a disposition  by will or a transfer under a trust agreement of a specific amount of  money,  which  amount  is  either  expressly  stated  in  the instrument  or determinable by means of a formula which is stated in the instrument.  (2)   Whether a testamentary  disposition  or  transfer  in  trust  is pecuniary  or  fractional in character depends upon the intention of the creator.  (b)  Unless the instrument expressly provides otherwise:  (1)  Where a will or a trust  agreement  authorizes  the  executor  or trustee (hereinafter called the "fiduciary") to satisfy wholly or partly in  kind  a  pecuniary  disposition  or transfer in trust of a pecuniary amount, the assets selected by the fiduciary for that purpose  shall  be valued at their respective values on the dates of their distribution.  (2)    Where  a  will or a trust agreement authorizes the fiduciary to satisfy wholly or partly in kind a pecuniary disposition or transfer  in trust of a pecuniary amount and the instrument requires the fiduciary to value the assets selected by the fiduciary for such distribution as of a date  other than the dates of their distribution, the assets selected by the fiduciary for that purpose,  together  with  any  cash  distributed, shall  have  an  aggregate  value  on  the  dates  of their distribution amounting to no less than, and to the extent practicable no  more  than, the  amount  of  such  testamentary  disposition or transfer in trust as stated in, or determined by the formula stated in, the instrument.  (c)  This section applies to wills of decedents dying  before,  on  or after  its effective date and to trust agreements executed before, on or after such date, provided, however, that it shall not be applied  so  as to require repayment to the fiduciary of any distributions actually made prior to such date.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.10 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.10 - Provisions Relating to Infants and Minors

§ 2-1.10 Provisions relating to infants and minors  (a)  Unless  the  creator  expressly  provides to the contrary, in any instrument  executed  prior  to  September   first,   nineteen   hundred seventy-four,   the  words  "minor",  "minority",  "infant",  "infancy", "majority", "adult" and words of like import shall mean or  refer  to  a person  or  a  class of persons under the age of twenty-one years or who shall have reached such age,  according  to  the  context,  and,  unless otherwise  expressly  provided  in  any  instrument executed on or after September first, nineteen hundred seventy-four shall mean or refer to  a person  or  a  class  of  persons under the age of eighteen years or who shall have reached such age, according to the context, except  that  any designation of a testamentary guardian of a "minor" or an "infant" shall refer  to  a  guardianship  of  a  person who has not reached the age of eighteen years, regardless of the date of the instrument containing  the designation.  (b)  This  act  shall  not  apply  to distributions made subsequent to September  first,  nineteen  hundred  seventy-four  and  prior  to   the effective date of this act.
NY Est Pow & Trusts L § 2-1.12 (2021)
2021 New York Laws EPT - Estates, Powers and Trusts Article 2 - Rules Governing Dispositions Subject to This Law Part 1 - Substantive Rules Governing Dispositions 2-1.12 - Credit Shelter Formula Bequests

§ 2-1.12 Credit shelter formula bequests   If:  (a)  the  decedent dies after January thirty-first, two thousand; and  (b) by reason of the death of  the  decedent  property  passes  or  is acquired  from  the  decedent  under  a will executed or a trust created prior  to  February  first,  two  thousand  which  contains  a   formula providing,  in  sum or substance, for a bequest of the maximum amount of property that can be sheltered from federal  estate  tax  by  reason  of available credits against such tax; and  (c)   such   formula  was  not  amended  at  any  time  after  January thirty-first, two thousand and before the death of the decedent, then,  unless  the  instrument  containing  such  formula   specifically provides  that  there  are non-tax reasons for taking the federal credit for state death taxes into account, such formula shall be deemed not  to include a reference to the federal credit for state death taxes.