reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 6-5-270 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 15A - Recovery for Theft of Merchandise.|Section 6-5-270 - Legislative Findings.

Section 6-5-270Legislative findings. The Legislature finds that shoplifting and employee theft have reached near epidemic proportions and that efforts to control these criminal offenses through traditional methods have proven unsuccessful and costly to both the general public and to business. The existing criminal justice system is overcrowded and burdened thereby causing unreasonable delay. Continual use of the criminal justice system for shoplifting and employee theft offenses creates a further strain on an already overcrowded criminal docket, thereby requiring more tax revenue to pay for a continual expansion of the criminal justice system. The continuous growth of shoplifting and employee theft cases in the face of traditional efforts to control these offenses represent added cost to retailers which, in turn, is passed on to the consumer in higher prices. Additionally, the merchandise lost to theft is not converted to profit in the form of sales for the retailer which results in millions of dollars in tax revenues lost. Therefore, the Legislature deems that the utilization of an alternative form of deterrence to eliminate shoplifting and employee theft which avoids the stigma of a criminal record is more desirable than the present system. (Acts 1993, No. 93-676, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-271 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 15A - Recovery for Theft of Merchandise.|Section 6-5-271 - Liability for Theft or Attempted Theft; Liability of Parents of Unemancipated Minor; Liability for Defrauding an Eating Establishment; Liability of Foster Home.

Section 6-5-271Liability for theft or attempted theft; liability of parents of unemancipated minor; liability for defrauding an eating establishment; liability of foster home. (a) An adult or emancipated minor who commits or attempts to commit a theft of property consisting of goods for sale on the premises of a merchant in violation of Sections 13A-8-3, 13A-8-4, or 13A-8-5, shall be civilly liable to the merchant in an amount consisting of all of the following: (1) The full retail value of the merchandise if not recovered in merchantable condition at its full retail price. (2) Expenses for recovery of the merchandise in the amount of $200. (3) Reasonable attorney's fees and court costs not to exceed $1000. (b) Parents or legal guardians of an unemancipated minor under the age of 19 shall be liable in a civil action for the minor who commits or attempts to commit a theft of property consisting of goods for sale on the premises of a merchant in violation of Sections 13A-8-3, 13A-8-4, or 13A-8-5, to the merchant in an amount consisting of all of the following: (1) The full retail value of the merchandise if not recovered in merchantable condition at its full retail price. (2) Expenses for recovery of the merchandise in the amount of $200. (3) Reasonable attorney's fees and court costs not to exceed $1000. (4) Parents or legal guardians of an unemancipated minor under the age of 19 shall only be liable in a civil action in any calender year for up to three offenses under the provisions of this article with a maximum liability of $750 for each offense. (c) A customer who orders a meal in a restaurant or other eating establishment, receives at least a portion thereof, and then leaves with the intent to defraud the eating establishment, without paying for the meal is subject to liability under this section, if such meal is received by the customer in a good and merchantable condition. (d) Persons operating a certified foster home are not liable under this section for the acts of children not related to them by blood or marriage who are under their care, nor shall parents or legal guardians whose child is not living with them or where the juvenile violates Sections 13A-8-3, 13A-8-4 or 13A-8-5, with the intent to make the parent or legal guardian liable, be held liable under this article. (Acts 1993, No. 93-676, §2.)
AL Code § 6-5-272 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 15A - Recovery for Theft of Merchandise.|Section 6-5-272 - Conviction or Plea of Guilty Not Prerequisite to Suit; Letter of Demand for Remittance.

Section 6-5-272Conviction or plea of guilty not prerequisite to suit; letter of demand for remittance. (a) A conviction or a plea of guilty to the criminal offense of theft of property as defined in Title 13A, Chapter 8, is not a prerequisite to the bringing of a civil suit, obtaining a judgment, or collecting that judgment under this article. (b) The fact that a merchant may bring a civil action against an individual as provided in this article shall not limit the right of the merchant to demand, in writing as set out in subsection (c) below, that a person who is liable for damages and penalties under this article remit the damages and penalties prior to the consideration of the commencement of any legal action. (c) The demand letter must be prepared and include the following: On (insert date), you were apprehended for taking possession of, without paying for, merchandise belonging to (name of retailer/merchant). Under Alabama statute, a retailer/merchant is granted a civil cause of action against the person who intentionally deprives or intends to deprive a retailer/merchant of any merchandise without paying for it. The statute further provides that, separate from, and in addition to, any criminal action arising from your conduct, you may be held civilly liable for: (a) Cost of merchandise, if damaged; (b) Expenses for the recovery of the merchandise of $200; and (c) Court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees. This letter represents a demand from you for $ (amount) as a means of satisfying this civil matter. We do not wish to file a civil action against you. However, if we do not receive payment within 30 days from the date of this letter, we will make every effort to enforce our rights under this statute, which may include a civil court action. (Acts 1993, No. 93-676, §3.)
AL Code § 6-5-273 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 15A - Recovery for Theft of Merchandise.|Section 6-5-273 - Jurisdiction of Courts.

Section 6-5-273Jurisdiction of courts. An action for recovery of damages and penalties under this article may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction, including the small claims division of a district court in the county where the merchant is located, if the person or the parent or legal guardian of the unemancipated minor who committed the theft offense fails to make payment to the merchant of the amount specified in the demand within 30 days after the date of service of the written demand upon him or her, if the total damages do not exceed the jurisdictional limit of the small claims division. (Acts 1993, No. 93-676, §4.)
AL Code § 6-5-274 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 15A - Recovery for Theft of Merchandise.|Section 6-5-274 - Attorney's Fees.

Section 6-5-274Attorney's fees. No attorney's fees shall be charged or collected unless a civil action has been filed under the provisions of this article. (Acts 1993, No. 93-676, §5.)
AL Code § 6-5-275 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 15A - Recovery for Theft of Merchandise.|Section 6-5-275 - Construction of Article.

Section 6-5-275Construction of article. This article shall not be construed to prohibit or limit any other course of action which a merchant may have against a person who unlawfully takes merchandise from the merchant's premises. Enforcement of this article is not a violation of Section 13A-10-7. (Acts 1993, No. 93-676, §6.)
AL Code § 6-5-280 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-280 - Breach of Contract - Limitation on Actions.

Section 6-5-280Breach of contract - Limitation on actions. If a contract is entire, only one action can be commenced for breach thereof; but if it is severable or if the breaches occur at successive periods in an entire contract, as where money is to be paid by installments, an action will lie for each breach; provided, that all the breaches occurring up to the commencement of the action must be included therein. (Code 1907, §2505; Code 1923, §5721; Code 1940, T. 7, §140.)
AL Code § 6-5-281 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-281 - Breach of Contract - Successive Actions.

Section 6-5-281Breach of contract - Successive actions. Successive actions may be maintained upon the same contract or transaction whenever, after the former action, a new claim arises therefrom. (Code 1852, §2232; Code 1867, §2634; Code 1876, §2983; Code 1886, §2669; Code 1896, §34; Code 1907, §2494; Code 1923, §5706; Code 1940, T. 7, §133.)
AL Code § 6-5-282 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-282 - Breach of Contract - Ratable Compensation for Services.

Section 6-5-282Breach of contract - Ratable compensation for services. When a person contracts for the performance of services by himself for a stipulated period of time and is prevented from full performance of the contract by sickness or death, he or his personal representative, as the case may be, may recover a ratable compensation for the service actually rendered, notwithstanding the entirety of the contract. (Code 1852, §2159; Code 1867, §2557; Code 1876, §2922; Code 1886, §2599; Code 1896, §33; Code 1907, §2493; Code 1923, §5705; Code 1940, T. 7, §132.)
AL Code § 6-5-283 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-283 - Joint Obligations and Promises.

Section 6-5-283Joint obligations and promises. When two or more persons are jointly bound by judgment, bond, covenant, or promise in writing of any description whatsoever, the obligation or promise is in law several as well as joint, and an action may be commenced thereon against the legal representatives of such as are dead, jointly with the survivors, and judgments entered accordingly. (Code 1852, §2143; Code 1867, §2539; Code 1876, §2905; Code 1886, §2604; Code 1896, §39; Code 1907, §2503; Code 1923, §5719; Code 1940, T. 7, §138.)
AL Code § 6-5-284 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-284 - Instrument Lost or Destroyed by Theft, etc.; Evidence of Loss, Destruction and Contents; Execution Bond.

Section 6-5-284Instrument lost or destroyed by theft, etc.; evidence of loss, destruction and contents; execution bond. (a) In an action commenced on a bond, note, bill of exchange, or other instrument which has been lost or destroyed by theft or otherwise, if affidavit is made by the plaintiff of such loss or destruction and the contents thereof and that the same has not been paid or otherwise discharged and accompanies the complaint, it must be received as presumptive evidence both of the contents and loss or destruction of such instrument, unless the defendant by answer, verified by affidavit, denies the execution of such bond, note, or bill or the endorsement, acceptance, or the contents thereof, in which case proof of such execution, endorsement, acceptance, or contents must be made by the plaintiff; provided, that this section must not be so construed as to authorize an action for the recovery of bank notes or bills issued to circulate as money and alleged to be lost or destroyed. When the action is against an executor or administrator, he may controvert the oath of the plaintiff of the loss, destruction, or contents of the instrument sued on by swearing to the best of his knowledge and belief. (b) No execution may issue on a judgment in an action on a lost or destroyed instrument until the plaintiff shall furnish such security as the court may require to indemnify the defendant against loss by reason of further claims on the instrument. (Code 1852, §§2151, 2152; Code 1867, §§2549, 2550; Code 1876, §§2915, 2916; Code 1886, §§2597, 2598; Code 1896, §§31, 32; Code 1907, §§2491, 2492; Code 1923, §§5702, 5704; Code 1940, T. 7, §§129, 131.)
AL Code § 6-5-285 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-285 - Holder of Worthless Check, Draft, or Order.

Section 6-5-285Holder of worthless check, draft, or order. The holder of a worthless check, draft, or order for the payment of money shall have a right of action against the person who unlawfully made, uttered, or delivered the same to him or to his endorser; and such action may be maintained though there has been no prosecution, conviction, or acquittal of the defendant for his unlawful act. Such action must be commenced within one year from the date of the unlawful act. The plaintiff in such action may recover such damages, both punitive and compensatory, including a reasonable attorney fee, as the jury or court trying the case may assess. (Acts 1959, No. 567, p. 1426.)
AL Code § 6-5-286 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-286 - Defenses to Actions on Promissory Notes, Bonds, or Other Contracts.

Section 6-5-286Defenses to actions on promissory notes, bonds, or other contracts. Except as may be otherwise provided by the Uniform Commercial Code, actions on promissory notes, bonds, or other contracts, express or implied, for the payment of money are subject to any defense the payor, obligor, or debtor had against the payee, obligee, or creditor previous to notice of assignment or transfer. (Code 1852, §2129; Code 1867, §2523; Code 1876, §2890; Code 1886, §2594; Code 1896, §28; Code 1907, §2489; Code 1923, §5699; Code 1940, T. 7, §126; Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811.)
AL Code § 6-5-287 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 16 - Contracts, Promises and Notes.|Section 6-5-287 - Impeachment of or Inquiry Into Consideration of Sealed Instruments.

Section 6-5-287Impeachment of or inquiry into consideration of sealed instruments. A defendant may, by affirmative defense, impeach or inquire into the consideration of a sealed instrument in the same manner as if it had not been sealed. (Code 1852, §2230; Code 1867, §2632; Code 1876, §2981; Code 1886, §2667; Code 1896, §3288; Code 1907, §5324; Code 1923, §9461; Code 1940, T. 7, §232.)
AL Code § 6-5-300 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 17 - Principal and Agent; Master and Servant.|Section 6-5-300 - Proof Act Was Committed by Agent, etc., Sufficient to Sustain Allegation Act Was Committed by Party to Civil Action.

Section 6-5-300Proof act was committed by agent, etc., sufficient to sustain allegation act was committed by party to civil action. In any civil action, it shall be permissible to allege in any pleading that any party or parties committed an act, and proof that any such party or parties committed such act by or through an agent, servant, or employee acting within the line and scope of his employment shall be sufficient proof of such allegation, subject, however, to the right of the party or parties against whom such testimony is offered to thereupon plead the statute of limitations which might have been applicable to the case made by the evidence offered. (Acts 1957, No. 624, p. 895.)
AL Code § 6-5-330 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 18 - Exemptions From Liability.|Section 6-5-330 - Breach of Contract to Marry.

Section 6-5-330Breach of contract to marry. No contract to marry which shall be made within this state after September 7, 1935, shall operate to give rise, either within or without this state, to any cause of action for breach thereof. (Acts 1935, No. 356, p. 780; Code 1940, T. 7, §114.)
AL Code § 6-5-331 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 18 - Exemptions From Liability.|Section 6-5-331 - :Alienation of Affections, Criminal Conversation, and Seduction.

Section 6-5-331Alienation of affections, criminal conversation, and seduction. There shall be no civil claims for alienation of affections, criminal conversation, or seduction of any female person of the age of 19 years or over. (Acts 1935, No. 356, p. 780; Code 1940, T. 7, §115.)
AL Code § 6-5-332.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 18 - Exemptions From Liability.|Section 6-5-332.1 - Immunity of Persons Assisting or Advising as to Mitigation of Effects of Discharge of Hazardous Materials; Nonimmunity of Certain Persons.

Section 6-5-332.1Immunity of persons assisting or advising as to mitigation of effects of discharge of hazardous materials; nonimmunity of certain persons. (a) As used in this section, the following words and terms shall have meanings respectively ascribed to them by this section: (1) DISCHARGE. Includes leakage, seepage, or other release. (2) HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Includes all materials and substances which are now or hereafter designated or defined as hazardous by any state or federal law or by the regulations of any state or federal government agency. (3) PERSON. Includes any qualified individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other entity. A qualified individual is one who is trained in the handling of hazardous materials. (b) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, no person, including a response action contractor as defined in Section 22-35-3, who provides assistance or advice in mitigating or attempting to mitigate the effects of an actual or threatened discharge of hazardous materials, or in preventing, cleaning up, or disposing of, or in attempting to prevent, clean up, or dispose of any such discharge, shall be subject to civil liabilities or penalties of any type. (c) The immunities provided in subsection (b) of this section shall not apply to any person whose acts or omissions proximately caused, in whole or in part, the original actual or threatening discharge or any additional or further actual or threatening discharge. (d) Nothing in subsection (b) of this section shall be construed to limit or otherwise affect the liability of any person for damages resulting from such person's gross negligence, or from such person's reckless, wanton, or intentional misconduct. (e) Nothing in subsection (b) of the this section shall be construed to limit or otherwise affect the liability of any product manufacturer or seller for damages where such manufacturer or seller's product proximately caused, in whole or in part, the original actual or threatening discharge; any additional or further actual or threatening discharge; or the additional or further migration of the original actual discharge. (Acts 1986, No. 86-539, p. 1050; Act 2015-466, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-332.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 18 - Exemptions From Liability.|Section 6-5-332.3 - Use of Automated External Defibrillator.

Section 6-5-332.3Use of automated external defibrillator. (a) As used in Section 6-5-332, the term "automated external defibrillator" or "AED" means a medical device heart monitor and defibrillator that meets all of the following specifications: (1) Is commercially distributed in accordance with the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Section 301, et seq.). (2) Is capable of recognizing the presence or absence of ventricular fibrillation or rapid ventricular tachycardia and is capable of determining, without intervention by an operator, whether defibrillation should be performed. (3) Upon determining that defibrillation should be performed, semiautomatically or automatically charges and delivers an electrical impulse through the chest wall and to an individual's heart. (b) A person or entity that acquires an AED shall ensure all of the following: (1) That expected defibrillator users are encouraged to successfully complete a course in automated external defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) that is offered or approved by a nationally recognized organization and includes instruction on psychomotor skills and national evidence-based emergency cardiovascular guidelines that are current. (2) That the defibrillator is maintained and tested according to the manufacturer's operational guidelines. (c) Each manufacturer shall provide in-service training materials on the AED use and operation to each person or entity who acquires the AED. (d) A person or entity who acquires an automated external defibrillator shall notify thedistributor of the AED if any change of ownership of the AED occurs. (e) This section shall not apply to an individual using an AED in an emergency setting if that individual is acting as a good samaritan pursuant to Section 6-5-332. (Act 99-370, p. 595, §§1, 2; Act 2015-161, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-332.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 18 - Exemptions From Liability.|Section 6-5-332.4 - Persons Who Rescue Child or Incapacitated Person From Unattended Motor Vehicle.

Section 6-5-332.4Persons who rescue child or incapacitated person from unattended motor vehicle. (a) As used in this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (1) INCAPACITATED PERSON. A person as defined in Section 26-2A-20. (2) MOTOR VEHICLE. A motor vehicle as defined in Section 32-1-1.1. (b) A person who enters a motor vehicle by force or otherwise, for the purpose of removing a child or an incapacitated person from the vehicle shall be immune from civil liability for damage to the motor vehicle if the person meets all of the following requirements: (1) Determines the motor vehicle is locked or there is otherwise no reasonable method for the child or incapacitated person to exit the motor vehicle without assistance. (2) Has a good faith and reasonable belief, based upon the known circumstances, that entry into the motor vehicle is necessary because the child or incapacitated person is in imminent danger of suffering harm. (3) Ensures that law enforcement is notified or 911 called before entering the motor vehicle or immediately thereafter. (4) Uses no more force to enter the motor vehicle and remove the child or incapacitated person than is necessary. (5) Remains with the child or incapacitated person in a safe location in reasonable proximity to the motor vehicle until law enforcement or other first responders arrive. (Act 2017-241, §1.)