reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Civ Pro Code § 1856 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1856.

1856.  (a) Terms set forth in a writing intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to the terms included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of a prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement.(b) The terms set forth in a writing described in subdivision (a) may be explained or supplemented by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the writing is intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.(c) The terms set forth in a writing described in subdivision (a) may be explained or supplemented by course of dealing or usage of trade or by course of performance.(d) The court shall determine whether the writing is intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to the terms included therein and whether the writing is intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.(e) Where a mistake or imperfection of the writing is put in issue by the pleadings, this section does not exclude evidence relevant to that issue.(f) Where the validity of the agreement is the fact in dispute, this section does not exclude evidence relevant to that issue.(g) This section does not exclude other evidence of the circumstances under which the agreement was made or to which it relates, as defined in Section 1860, or to explain an extrinsic ambiguity or otherwise interpret the terms of the agreement, or to establish illegality or fraud.(h) As used in this section, “agreement” includes trust instruments, deeds, wills, and contracts between parties.(Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 81, Sec. 1. (AB 824) Effective January 1, 2014.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1857 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1857.

1857.  The language of a writing is to be interpreted according to the meaning it bears in the place of its execution, unless the parties have reference to a different place.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1858 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1858.

1858.  In the construction of a statute or instrument, the office of the Judge is simply to ascertain and declare what is in terms or in substance contained therein, not to insert what has been omitted, or to omit what has been inserted; and where there are several provisions or particulars, such a construction is, if possible, to be adopted as will give effect to all.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1859 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1859.

1859.  In the construction of a statute the intention of the Legislature, and in the construction of the instrument the intention of the parties, is to be pursued, if possible; and when a general and particular provision are inconsistent, the latter is paramount to the former. So a particular intent will control a general one that is inconsistent with it.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1860 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1860.

1860.  For the proper construction of an instrument, the circumstances under which it was made, including the situation of the subject of the instrument, and of the parties to it, may also be shown, so that the Judge be placed in the position of those whose language he is to interpret.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1861 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1861.

1861.  The terms of a writing are presumed to have been used in their primary and general acceptation, but evidence is nevertheless admissible that they have a local, technical, or otherwise peculiar signification, and were so used and understood in the particular instance, in which case the agreement must be construed accordingly.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1862 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1862.

1862.  When an instrument consists partly of written words and partly of a printed form, and the two are inconsistent, the former controls the latter.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1864 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1864.

1864.  When the terms of an agreement have been intended in a different sense by the different parties to it, that sense is to prevail against either party in which he supposed the other understood it, and when different constructions of a provision are otherwise equally proper, that is to be taken which is most favorable to the party in whose favor the provision was made.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1865 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1865.

1865.  A written notice, as well as every other writing, is to be construed according to the ordinary acceptation of its terms. Thus a notice to the drawers or indorsers of a bill of exchange or promissory note, that it has been protested for want of acceptance or payment, must be held to import that the same has been duly presented for acceptance or payment and the same refused, and that the holder looks for payment to the person to whom the notice is given.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 1866 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 1 - OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EVIDENCE|Section 1866.

1866.  When a statute or instrument is equally susceptible of two interpretations, one in favor of natural right, and the other against it, the former is to be adopted.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2064 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 5 - OF THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF WITNESSES|Section 2064.

2064.  A witness, served with a subpoena, must attend at the time appointed, with any papers under his control lawfully required by the subpoena, and answer all pertinent and legal questions; and, unless sooner discharged, must remain until the testimony is closed.(Amended by Stats. 1907, Ch. 395.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2065 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 5 - OF THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF WITNESSES|Section 2065.

2065.  Any witness who is subpoenaed in any civil or administrative action or proceeding shall be given written notice on the subpoena that the witness may be entitled to receive fees and mileage. Such notice shall indicate generally the manner in which the request for fees and mileage should be made.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 67.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2100 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2100.

2100.  This title applies only to federal tax liens and to other federal liens notices of which under any Act of Congress or any regulation adopted pursuant thereto are required or permitted to be filed in the same manner as notices of federal tax liens.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 330.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2101 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2101.

2101.  (a) Notices of liens, certificates, and other notices affecting federal tax liens or other federal liens must be filed in accordance with this title.(b) Notices of liens upon real property for obligations payable to the United States and certificates and notices affecting the liens shall be filed for record in the office of the recorder of the county in which the real property subject to the liens is situated. (c) Notices of federal liens upon personal property, whether tangible or intangible, for obligations payable to the United States and certificates and notices affecting the liens shall be filed as follows:(1) If the person against whose interest the lien applies is a corporation, a limited liability company, or a partnership whose principal executive office is in this state, as these entities are defined in the internal revenue laws of the United States, in the office of the Secretary of State.(2) If the person against whose interest the lien applies is a trust that is not covered by paragraph (1), in the office of the Secretary of State.(3) If the person against whose interest the lien applies is the estate of a decedent, in the office of the Secretary of State. (4) In all other cases, in the office of the recorder of the county where the person against whose interest the lien applies resides at the time of filing of the notice of lien.(Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 892, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1998.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2102 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2102.

2102.  Certification of notices of liens, certificates, or other notices affecting federal liens by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States or his or her delegate, or by any official or entity of the United States responsible for filing or certifying of notice of any other lien, entitles them to be filed and no other attestation, certification, or acknowledgment is necessary.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 330.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2103 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2103.

2103.  (a) If a notice of federal lien, a refiling of a notice of federal lien, or a notice of revocation of any certificate described in subdivision (b) is presented to a filing officer who is:(1) The Secretary of State, he or she shall cause the notice to be filed, indexed, and marked in accordance with the provisions of Sections 9515, 9516, and 9522 of the Commercial Code as if the notice were a financing statement within the meaning of that code; or(2) A county recorder, he or she shall accept for filing, file for record in the manner set forth in Section 27320 of the Government Code, and index the document by the name of the person against whose interest the lien applies in the general index.(b) If a certificate of release, nonattachment, discharge, or subordination of any lien is presented to the Secretary of State for filing he or she shall:(1) Cause a certificate of release or nonattachment to be filed, indexed, and marked as if the certificate were a termination statement within the meaning of the Commercial Code.(2) Cause a certificate of discharge or subordination to be filed, indexed, and marked as if the certificate were a release of collateral within the meaning of the Commercial Code.(c) If a refiled notice of federal lien referred to in subdivision (a) or any of the certificates or notices referred to in subdivision (b) is presented for filing to a county recorder, he or she shall accept for filing, file for record in the manner set forth in Section 27320 of the Government Code, and index the document by the name of the person against whose interest the lien applies in the general index.(d) Upon request of any person, the filing officer shall issue his or her certificate showing whether there is on file, on the date and hour stated therein, any notice of lien or certificate or notice affecting any lien filed after January 1, 1968, under this title or former Chapter 14 (commencing with Section 7200) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, naming a particular person, and if a notice or certificate is on file, giving the date and hour of filing of each notice or certificate. Upon request, the filing officer shall furnish a copy of any notice of federal lien, or notice or certificate affecting a federal lien. If the filing officer is a county recorder, the fee for a certificate for each name searched shall be set by the filing officer in an amount that covers actual costs, and the fee for copies shall be in accordance with Section 27366 of the Government Code. If the filing officer is the Secretary of State, the certificate shall be issued as part of a combined certificate pursuant to Section 9528 of the Commercial Code, and the fee for the certificate and copies shall be in accordance with that section.(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 494, Sec. 2. (SB 1532) Effective January 1, 2013.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2104 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2104.

2104.  The fee charged for recording and indexing each notice of lien or certificate or notice affecting the lien filed with the county recorder shall be the same as those established by Article 5 (commencing with Section 27360) of Chapter 6 of Part 3 of Division 2 of Title 3 of the Government Code for the recording and indexing of documents.The fee for filing and indexing each notice of lien or certificate or notice affecting the lien with the office of the Secretary of State is set forth in subdivision (a) of Section 12194 of the Government Code.The officer shall bill the district directors of internal revenue or other appropriate federal officials on a monthly basis for fees for documents recorded or filed by the county recorder or the Secretary of State.(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 1000, Sec. 13. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2105 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2105.

2105.  Filing officers with whom notices of federal tax liens, certificates and notices affecting such liens have been filed on or before January 1, 1968, shall, after that date, continue to maintain a file labeled “federal tax lien notices filed prior to January 2, 1968” containing notices and certificates filed in numerical order of receipt. If a notice of lien was filed on or before January 1, 1968, any certificate or notice affecting the lien shall be filed in the same office.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 330.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2106 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2106.

2106.  This title shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this title among states enacting it.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 330.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2106.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2106.5.

2106.5.  This title shall be applied and construed to permit the transmission, filing, recording, and indexing of notices of federal tax liens and all certificates that relate to or affect those liens, including, but not limited to, certificates of release, discharge, subordination, and nonattachment, by electronic or magnetic means, using computerized data processing, telecommunications, and other similar information technologies available to the filing offices.(Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 463, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 2107 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 4 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS|TITLE 7 - UNIFORM FEDERAL LIEN REGISTRATION ACT|Section 2107.

2107.  This title may be cited as the Uniform Federal Lien Registration Act.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 330.)
CA Com Code § 1101 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code|Section 1101.

1101.  This code may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1102 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code|Section 1102.

1102.  This division applies to a transaction to the extent that it is governed by another division of this code.(Repealed and added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 8. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1103 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code|Section 1103.

1103.  (a) This code shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are:(1) to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions;(2) to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and(3) to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions.(b) Unless displaced by the particular provisions of this code, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, and other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1104 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code|Section 1104.

1104.  This code being a general act intended as a unified coverage of its subject matter, no part of it shall be deemed to be impliedly repealed by subsequent legislation if such construction can reasonably be avoided.(Enacted by Stats. 1963, Ch. 819.)
CA Com Code § 1105 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code|Section 1105.

1105.  If any provision or clause of this code or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the code which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this code are severable.(Added by renumbering Section 1108 by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 14. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1106 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code|Section 1106.

1106.  In this code, unless the statutory context otherwise requires:(1) words in the singular number include the plural, and those in the plural include the singular; and(2) words of any gender also refer to any other gender.(Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1108 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code|Section 1108.

1108.  This chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7001 et seq., except that nothing in this chapter modifies, limits, or supersedes Section 7001(c) of that act or authorizes electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 7003(b) of that act.(Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 15. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1202 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 2 - General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation|Section 1202.

1202.  (a) Subject to subdivision (f), a person has “notice” of a fact if the person:(1) has actual knowledge of it;(2) has received a notice or notification of it; or(3) from all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know that it exists.(b) “Knowledge” means actual knowledge. “Knows” has a corresponding meaning.(c) “Discover,” “learn,” or words of similar import refer to knowledge rather than to reason to know.(d) A person “notifies” or “gives” a notice or notification to another person by taking such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it.(e) Subject to subdivision (f), a person “receives” a notice or notification when:(1) it comes to that person’s attention; or(2) it is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the place of business through which the contract was made or at another location held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications.(f) Notice, knowledge, or a notice or notification received by an organization is effective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the attention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from the time it would have been brought to the individual’s attention if the organization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual acting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual has reason to know of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by the information.(Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 18. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1204 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 2 - General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation|Section 1204.

1204.  Except as otherwise provided in Divisions 3, 4, 5, and 6, a person gives value for rights if the person acquires them:(1) in return for a binding commitment to extend credit or for the extension of immediately available credit, whether or not drawn upon and whether or not a chargeback is provided for in the event of difficulties in collection;(2) as security for, or in total or partial satisfaction of, a preexisting claim;(3) by accepting delivery under a preexisting contract for purchase; or(4) in return for any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract.(Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 22. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1205 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 2 - General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation|Section 1205.

1205.  (a) Whether a time for taking an action required by this code is reasonable depends on the nature, purpose, and circumstances of the action.(b) An action is taken “seasonably” if it is taken at or within the time agreed or, if no time is agreed, at or within a reasonable time.(Added by renumbering Section 1204 by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 21. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 1206 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|CHAPTER 2 - General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation|Section 1206.

1206.  Whenever this code creates a “presumption” with respect to a fact, or provides that a fact is “presumed,” the trier of fact must find the existence of the fact unless and until evidence is introduced that supports a finding of its nonexistence.(Repealed and added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 25. Effective January 1, 2007.)