reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 55.1-656 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-656. Fees of filing officers other than clerk of State Corporation Commission

The fee to be paid to any officer other than the clerk of the State Corporation Commission for filing and indexing each notice of lien or certificate or notice affecting the lien or providing a copy of such notice or certificate of such notice is $5.The officer shall bill the district directors of internal revenue or other appropriate federal officials on a monthly basis for fees for documents filed by them.1970, c. 76, § 55-142.4; 1988, cc. 113, 388; 1993, c. 43; 1994, c. 432; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-657 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-657. Fees of clerk of State Corporation Commission

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this article, the fees for filing, indexing, searching, or amending or for certificates of discharge or subordination or any other fee that may be chargeable by the clerk of the State Corporation Commission shall be the same as those permitted to be charged according to the schedule of fees maintained by the clerk of the State Corporation Commission.1970, c. 76, § 55-142.5; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-658 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-658. Construction of article

This article shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states that enact it.1970, c. 76, § 55-142.6; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-659 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-659. Certificates and notices affecting liens filed on or before July 1, 1970

If a notice of lien was filed on or before July 1, 1970, any certificate or notice affecting the lien shall be filed in the same office.1970, c. 76, § 55-142.8; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-660 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-660. No action to be brought against the State Corporation Commission or its staff

No action shall be brought against the State Corporation Commission or any member of the staff of the State Corporation Commission claiming damage for alleged errors or omissions in the performance of the duties imposed by this article on the State Corporation Commission.1970, c. 76, § 55-142.9; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-661 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-661. Definitions

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Clerk" means a clerk of the circuit court."Document" means information that is:1. Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and2. Eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the clerk."Electronic," as defined in Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities."Electronic document" means a document received by the clerk in electronic form."Electronic notarization" means an official act by a notary public in accordance with the Virginia Notary Act (§ 47.1-1 et seq.) and § 55.1-618 with respect to an electronic document."Electronic signature," as defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (§ 59.1-479 et seq.), means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record."eRecording System" is the automated electronic recording system implemented by the clerk for the recordation of electronic documents among the land records maintained by the clerk."Filer" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public body, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity that files an electronic document among the land records maintained by the clerk."Land records document" means any writing authorized by law to be recorded, whether made on paper or in electronic format, that the clerk records affecting title to real property.2006, c. 745, § 55-142.10; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-662 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-662. Validity of electronically filed and recorded land records

A. If a law requires, as a condition for recording, that a land records document be an original, be on paper or another tangible medium, or be in writing, an electronic land records document satisfying this article satisfies the law.B. If a law requires, as a condition for recording, that a land records document be signed, an electronic signature satisfies the law.C. A requirement that a land records document or a signature associated with a land records document be notarized, acknowledged, verified, witnessed, or made under oath is satisfied if the electronic notarization of the person authorized to perform that act, and all other information required to be included, is attached to or logically associated with the land records document or signature. A physical or electronic image of a stamp, impression, or seal of the notary is not required to accompany an electronic signature.2006, c. 745, § 55-142.11; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-663 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-663. Recording of electronic documents among the land records

A. A clerk of a circuit court who implements an eRecording System shall do so in compliance with standards established by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.B. A clerk of a circuit court may receive, index, store, archive, and transmit electronic land records.C. A clerk of a circuit court may provide for access to, and for search and retrieval of, land records by electronic means.D. A clerk of a circuit court who accepts electronic documents for recording among the land records shall continue to accept paper land records and shall place entries for both types of land records in the same indices.E. A clerk of a circuit court may convert paper records accepted for recording into electronic form. The clerk of circuit court may convert into electronic form land records documents recorded before the clerk of circuit court began to record electronic records.F. Any fee or tax that a clerk of circuit court is authorized to collect may be collected electronically.2006, c. 745, § 55-142.12; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-664 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-664. Uniform standards

In consultation with the circuit court clerks, the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court, and interested citizens and businesses, the Virginia Information Technologies Agency shall develop standards to implement electronic recording of real property documents. The Virginia Information Technologies Agency shall consider standards and practices of other jurisdictions, the most recent standards promulgated by national standard-setting bodies, such as the Real Property Records Industry Association, the views of interested persons and other governmental entities, and the needs of localities of varying sizes, population, and resources.2005, c. 744, § 55-142.13; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-665 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-665. Uniformity of application and construction

In applying and construing this article, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.2006, c. 745, § 55-142.14; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-666 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents|§ 55.1-666. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act

To the extent allowed by law, this article modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. § 7001, et seq.) but does not modify, limit, or supersede § 101(c) of that Act (15 U.S.C. § 7001(c)) or § 104 of that Act (15 U.S.C. § 7004), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in § 103(b) of that Act (15 U.S.C. § 7003(b)).2006, c. 745, § 55-142.15; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-700 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-700. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Electronic delivery," for purposes of delivery of the disclosures required by this chapter, means sending the required disclosures via the Internet, provided that the sender retains sufficient proof of the electronic delivery, which may be an electronic receipt of delivery, a confirmation that the notice was sent by facsimile, or a certificate of service prepared by the sender confirming the electronic delivery."Notification" means a statement acknowledging that the purchaser has been advised of any disclosures required by this chapter on the Real Estate Board's website or delivery of any such disclosures to the purchaser."Ratification" means the full execution of a real estate purchase contract by all parties."Real estate contract" means a contract for the sale, exchange, or lease with the option to buy of residential real estate subject to this chapter.2017, c. 386, § 55-517.1; 2019, c. 712; 2020, c. 749.
VA Code § 55.1-701 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-701. Applicability

The provisions of this chapter apply only with respect to transfers by sale, exchange, installment land sales contract, or lease with option to buy of residential real property consisting of not less than one nor more than four dwelling units, whether or not the transaction is with the assistance of a licensed real estate broker or salesperson.1992, c. 717, § 55-517; 2007, c. 265; 2017, c. 386; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-704 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-704. Required disclosures pertaining to a military air installation

The owner of residential real property located in any locality in which a military air installation is located shall disclose to the purchaser whether the subject parcel is located in a noise zone or accident potential zone, or both, if so designated on the official zoning map by the locality in which the property is located. Such disclosure shall be provided to the purchaser on a form provided by the Real Estate Board on its website. Such disclosure shall state the specific noise zone or accident potential zone, or both, in which the property is located according to the official zoning map.2005, c. 510, § 55-519.1; 2007, c. 265; 2017, c. 386; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-706 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-706. Required disclosures; pending building or zoning violations

Notwithstanding the exemptions in § 55.1-702, if the owner of a residential dwelling unit has actual knowledge of any pending enforcement actions pursuant to the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq.) that affect the safe, decent, sanitary living conditions of the property of which the owner has been notified in writing by the locality, or any pending violation of the local zoning ordinance that the violator has not abated or remedied under the zoning ordinance, within a time period set out in the written notice of violation from the locality or established by a court of competent jurisdiction, the owner shall provide to a prospective purchaser a written disclosure that so states. Such disclosure shall be provided to the purchaser on a form provided by the Real Estate Board on its website and otherwise in accordance with this chapter.2017, c. 386, § 55-519.2:1; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-707 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-707. Permissive disclosure; tourism activity zone

An owner of residential property located partially or wholly within a designated tourism activity zone established pursuant to § 15.2-982 may disclose in writing to any prospective purchaser or lessee of the property that the subject property is located within a tourism activity zone, with a description of potential impacts associated with the parcel's location in a tourism activity zone, including impacts caused by special events, parades, temporary street closures, and indoor and outdoor entertainment activities.2013, c. 246, § 55-519.3; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-708 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-708. Required disclosures; property previously used to manufacture methamphetamine

Notwithstanding the exemptions in § 55.1-702, if the owner of a residential dwelling unit has actual knowledge that such residential property was previously used to manufacture methamphetamine and has not been cleaned up in accordance with the guidelines established pursuant to § 32.1-11.7 and the applicable licensing provisions of Chapter 11 (§ 54.1-1100 et seq.) of Title 54.1, the owner shall provide to a prospective purchaser a written disclosure that so states. Such disclosure shall be provided to the purchaser on a form provided by the Real Estate Board on its website and otherwise in accordance with this chapter.2013, c. 557, § 55-519.4; 2016, c. 527; 2017, c. 386; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-708.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-708.1. Required disclosures; stormwater management facilities

An owner of residential real property who has actual knowledge of a privately owned stormwater management facility located on such property shall disclose to the purchaser the long-term maintenance and inspection requirements for the facility. Such disclosure shall be provided to the purchaser in accordance with this chapter and on a form provided by the Real Estate Board on its website.2020, c. 313.
VA Code § 55.1-708.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-708.2. (Effective January 1, 2022) Required disclosures pertaining to repetitive loss

The owner of residential real property located in the Commonwealth who has actual knowledge that the dwelling unit is a repetitive risk loss structure shall disclose such fact to the purchaser. For purposes of this section, "repetitive risk loss" means that two or more claims of more than $1,000 were paid by the National Flood Insurance Program within any rolling 10-year period, since 1978. Such disclosure shall be provided to the purchaser on a form provided by the Real Estate Board on its website.2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 322, 323.
VA Code § 55.1-710 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-710. Owner liability

A. Except with respect to the disclosures required by § 55.1-704, the owner shall not be liable for any error, inaccuracy, or omission of any information delivered pursuant to this chapter if (i) the error, inaccuracy, or omission was not within the actual knowledge of the owner or was based on information provided by public agencies or by other persons providing information that is required to be disclosed pursuant to this chapter, or the owner reasonably believed the information to be correct, and (ii) the owner was not grossly negligent in obtaining the information from a third party and transmitting it. The owner shall not be liable for any error, inaccuracy, or omission of any information required to be disclosed by § 55.1-704 if the error, inaccuracy, or omission was the result of information provided by an officer or employee of the locality in which the property is located.B. The delivery by a public agency or other person, as described in subsection C, of any information required to be disclosed by this chapter to a prospective purchaser shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this chapter and shall relieve the owner of any further duty under this chapter with respect to that item of information.C. The delivery by the owner of a report or opinion prepared by a licensed engineer, land surveyor, geologist, wood-destroying insect control expert, contractor, or home inspection expert, dealing with matters within the scope of the professional's license or expertise, shall satisfy the requirements of this chapter if the information is provided to the prospective purchaser pursuant to a request for such information, whether written or oral. In responding to such a request, an expert may indicate, in writing, an understanding that the information provided will be used in fulfilling the requirements of this chapter and, if so, shall indicate the required disclosures, or portions of such required disclosures, to which the information being furnished is applicable. Where such a statement is furnished, the expert shall not be responsible for any items of information, or portions of items of information, other than those expressly set forth in the statement.1992, c. 717, § 55-521; 2005, c. 510; 2007, c. 265; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-711 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-711. Change in circumstances

If information disclosed in accordance with this chapter is subsequently rendered or discovered to be inaccurate as a result of any act, occurrence, information received, circumstance, or agreement subsequent to the delivery of the required disclosures, the inaccuracy resulting therefrom does not constitute a violation of this chapter. However, at or before settlement, the owner shall be required to disclose any material change in the disclosures made relative to the property. If, at the time the disclosures are required to be made, an item of information required to be disclosed is unknown or not available to the owner, the owner may state that the information is unknown or may use an approximation of the information, provided that the approximation is clearly identified as such, is reasonable, is based on the actual knowledge of the owner, and is not used for the purpose of circumventing or evading this chapter.1992, c. 717, § 55-522; 2007, c. 265; 2014, c. 386; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-712 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-712. Duties of real estate licensees

A real estate licensee representing an owner of residential real property as the listing broker has a duty to inform each such owner represented by that licensee of the owner's rights and obligations under this chapter. A real estate licensee representing a purchaser of residential real property or, if the purchaser is not represented by a licensee, the real estate licensee representing an owner of residential real estate and dealing with the purchaser has a duty to inform each such purchaser of the purchaser's rights and obligations under this chapter. Provided that a real estate licensee performs those duties, the licensee shall have no further duties to the parties to a residential real estate transaction under this chapter and shall not be liable to any party to a residential real estate transaction for a violation of this chapter or for any failure to disclose any information regarding any real property subject to this chapter.1992, c. 717, § 55-523; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-713 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-713. Actions under this chapter

A. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or any other statute or regulation, no cause of action shall arise against an owner or a real estate licensee for failure to disclose that the real property was the site of:1. An act or occurrence that had no effect on the physical structure of the real property, its physical environment, or the improvements located thereon; or2. A homicide, felony, or suicide.B. The purchaser's remedies for failure of an owner to comply with the provisions of this chapter are as follows:1. If the owner fails to provide any of the applicable disclosures required by this chapter, the contract may be terminated subject to the provisions of subsection B of § 55.1-709.2. In the event that the owner fails to provide any of the applicable disclosures required by this chapter, or the owner misrepresents, willfully or otherwise, the information required in such disclosure, except as result of information provided by an officer or employee of the locality in which the property is located, the purchaser may maintain an action to recover his actual damages suffered as the result of such violation. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subdivision, no purchaser of residential real property located in a noise zone designated on the official zoning map of the locality as having a day-night average sound level of less than 65 decibels shall have a right to maintain an action for damages pursuant to this section.C. Any action brought under this section shall be commenced within one year of the date the purchaser received the applicable disclosures required by this chapter. If the disclosures required by this chapter were not delivered to the purchaser, an action shall be commenced within one year of the date of settlement, if by sale, or occupancy, if by lease with an option to purchase.Nothing contained in this chapter shall prevent a purchaser from pursuing any remedies at law or equity otherwise available against an owner in the event of an owner's intentional or willful misrepresentation of the condition of the subject property.1992, c. 717, § 55-524; 1993, c. 847; 2005, c. 510; 2007, c. 265; 2017, c. 386; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-714 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act|§ 55.1-714. Real Estate Board to develop form; when effective

An owner shall be required to make disclosures required by this chapter for real property subject to a real estate purchase contract that is fully executed by all parties. The Real Estate Board shall develop the form for signature by the parties stating that the purchaser has been advised of the disclosures listed in the residential property disclosure statement located on the Board's website in accordance with § 54.1-2105.1. The Board may at any time amend the residential property disclosure statement and the form for signature by the parties as the Board deems necessary and appropriate.1992, c. 717, § 55-525; 1993, c. 848; 2007, c. 265; 2018, cc. 60, 86; 2019, c. 712; 2020, c. 749.