CO Code § 5-16-124 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 5 - Consumer Credit Code|Article 16 - Colorado Fair Debt Collection Practices Act|§ 5-16-124. Bond - Definition

  Each licensee shall maintain at all times and each applicant shall file, prior to the issuance of any license to the applicant, a bond in the sum of twelve thousand dollars plus an additional two thousand dollars for each ten thousand dollars or part thereof by which the average monthly sums remitted or owed to all of its clients during the previous year exceed fifteen thousand dollars; or, in the alternative, an applicant or licensee shall present evidence of a savings account, deposit, or certificate of deposit of the same sum and meeting the requirements of section 11-35-101. The total amount of the bond shall not exceed twenty thousand dollars and shall be in favor of the attorney general of the state of Colorado for use of the people of the state of Colorado and the administrator. The bond shall be executed by the applicant or licensee as principal and by a corporation that is licensed by the commissioner of insurance to transact the business of fidelity and surety insurance as surety. If any such surety, during the life of the bond, cancels the bond or reduces the penal sum of the bond, the surety immediately shall notify the administrator in writing. The administrator shall give notice to the licensee that the bond has been cancelled or reduced and that the licensee's license shall automatically expire unless a new or increased bond with proper sureties is filed within thirty days after the date the administrator received the notice, or on a later date as is stated in the surety's notice.    The bond shall include a condition that the licensee shall, upon demand in writing made by the administrator, pay over to the administrator for the use of any client from whom any debt is taken or received for collection by the licensee the proceeds of the collection, less the charges for collection in accordance with the terms of the agreement made between the licensee and the client.    A client may file with the administrator a duly verified claim as to money due the client for money collected by a licensee. If the administrator makes a preliminary determination that a claim meets the requirements of this section, the administrator shall make a demand for the amount claimed. The demand may be made on the licensee, the surety, or both.    If a receiver has been appointed by any court of competent jurisdiction in the state of Colorado to take charge of the assets of any licensee, the receiver, upon the written consent of the administrator, may demand and receive payment on the bond from the surety and, upon order of the court, may bring suit upon the bond in the name of the receiver, without joining the administrator as a party to the action.    If a client has filed a duly verified claim with the administrator, who has refused to make demand upon the licensee or surety, the client may bring suit against the licensee or surety on the bond for the recovery of money due from the licensee without assignment of the bond to the client. Nothing in this section shall preclude a client from making a demand on both the licensee and the surety.      The bond shall include a condition that the licensee shall, upon written demand, turn over to the client any and all notes, valuable papers, or evidence of indebtedness which may have been deposited with the licensee by the client, but the licensee shall not be required to return any such papers, notes, or evidence of indebtedness on debts in process of collection, unless reimbursed by the client for the services performed on the debt so evidenced.    “Debts in process of collection” means any debts that have been in the licensee's hands for less than nine months, debts on which payments are being made, or on which payments have been promised, debts on which suit has been brought, and claims that have been forwarded to any other collection agency or attorney.       The bond shall cover all matters placed with the licensee during the term of the license granted and any renewal, except as provided in this section. Such bond may be enforced in the manner described in this section, by a receiver appointed to take charge of the assets of any licensee, or by any client if the administrator refuses to act. The aggregate liability of the surety, for any and all claims that may arise under the bond, shall not exceed the penalty of the bond.    Any licensee, at any time, may file a new bond with the administrator. Any surety may file with the administrator notice of withdrawal as surety on the bond of any licensee. Upon filing of a new bond or on expiration of thirty days after the filing of notice of withdrawal as surety by the surety, the liability of the former surety for all future acts of the licensee shall terminate, except as provided in subsection (9) of this section. The administrator shall cancel the bond given by any surety company upon being advised its license to transact the business of fidelity and surety insurance has been revoked by the commissioner of insurance and shall notify the licensee.    No action shall be brought upon any bond required to be given and filed, after the expiration of two years from the surrender, revocation, or expiration of the license issued thereunder. After the expiration of two years, all liability of the surety upon the bond shall cease if no action has been commenced upon the bond before the expiration of the period.    In lieu of an individual surety bond, the administrator may authorize a blanket bond covering qualifying licensees in the sum of two million dollars in favor of the attorney general of the state of Colorado for use of the people of the state of Colorado and the administrator. Each new and renewal applicant shall pay a fee in an amount determined by the administrator to offset the applicant's share of the blanket bond. Conditions and procedures regarding the bond shall be as set forth in this section for individual bonds.    This section does not apply to a person collecting or attempting to collect a debt owned by the person collecting or attempting to collect the debt.    A bond shall not be required of a debt buyer as long as the debt buyer does not also provide third-party debt collection.      History. Source: L. 2017: (12) added,(SB 17-216), ch. 285, p. 1581, § 8, effective June 1; entire article added with relocations,(HB 17-1238), ch. 260, p. 1098, § 1, effective August 9.    Editor's note:    This section is similar to former § 12-14-124 as it existed prior to 2017.    Subsection (12) was numbered as § 12-14-124 (12) in SB 17-216 (seeL. 2017, p. 1581). That provision was harmonized with this section as it appears in HB 17-1238.     ANNOTATION   Annotator's note. Since § 5-16-124 is similar to former § 12-14-124 , and laws antecedent to that section, relevant cases construing those provisions have been included in the annotations to this section.   Parties who pay money to a collection agency to be applied upon debts owing by them cannot recover on the bond of such agency given under the provisions of this section, on the ground that such money was not turned over to their creditors. Young v. Cox, 96 Colo. 205 , 40 P.2d 621 (1935).   The bond given by a collection agency under the provisions of this section does not cover failure of the agency to pay over to an assignee funds owing by the agency to the assignor on a deposit or money made by the assignor with the agency. Young v. Cox, 96 Colo. 205 , 40 P.2d 621 (1935).   Board's refusal to take any further action was tantamount to a denial and constituted a final order subject to judicial review. United Fin. Credit v. Colo. Collection Agency Bd., 892 P.2d 446 (Colo. App. 1995).