reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-558 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-558 - Liability for placing obstructions in highway.

 When any person places or keeps building materials, or any obstacle, in any highway, either with or without a license therefor from the town, city or borough in which such highway is situated, he shall pay to such town, city or borough all costs and damages which it sustains or is compelled to pay by reason thereof.(1949 Rev., S. 8299.)Open sewer box on sidewalk not an obstacle. 91 C. 255. Allowing water to flow from building and freeze on sidewalk. 104 C. 508. Gasoline from abutter's filling station making sidewalk unsafe. 108 C. 198. Imposes liability upon an abutting owner who, while not placing an obstruction in a highway, allows it to remain there. 134 C. 322.
CT Gen Stat § 52-559 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-559 - Damage for spreading fire.

 Any person who sets fire on any land, that runs upon the land of any other person, shall pay to the owner all damages done by such fire.(1949 Rev., S. 8300.)See Sec. 23-48 re penalty for kindling fire in the open without proper authorization.See Sec. 23-49a re burning ban, special burning permits and penalties for violation of ban.If fire was originally set on plaintiff's land, by one occupying it under a license, he is not within statute. 25 C. 170. Fire need not be proved to have run continuously on the ground from one lot to the other. 30 C. 306. Proof of negligence is not required; 54 C. 461; but if defendant did not cause to be set or himself set fire, he is not liable under statute; nor at common law for negligence unless negligence is shown. 100 C. 701. Fire marshal, not having authority to start fire, may not claim governmental immunity. 119 C. 599. Not enough to warrant recovery that fire causing plaintiff's loss originated on defendant's land but must have been set by, or caused to be set by, defendant. 149 C. 170. Fire must have not only originated on defendant's land, but it must have been set by defendant or caused by him to be set; the affirmative act of causing the fire is required. 150 C. 432.
CT Gen Stat § 52-561 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-561 - Trespass to lands without color of right.

 Section 52-561 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 8302; 1963, P.A. 642, S. 57; P.A. 81-410, S. 14.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-561a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-561a - Damage by domestic fowls.

 Any owner or keeper of domestic fowls who allows them to trespass upon the premises of another person shall be liable to the owner or occupant of such premises for all damage done by such fowls.(1971, P.A. 871, S. 49.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-562 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-562 - Liability for fraud in contracting debt; concealing property.

 When any person is guilty of fraud in contracting a debt, or conceals, removes or conveys away any part of his property, with intent to prevent it from being taken by legal process, or refuses to pay any debt admitted by him or established by a valid judgment, while having property, not exempt from execution, sufficient to discharge the debt, concealed or withheld by him so that the property cannot be taken by legal process, or refuses to disclose his rights of action, with intent to prevent the rights of action from being taken by foreign attachment or garnishment, any creditor aggrieved thereby may institute an action against him, setting forth his debt and the fraudulent act or acts particularly in the complaint.(1949 Rev., S. 8303; P.A. 81-410, S. 11; P.A. 82-160, S. 231.)History: P.A. 81-410 eliminated provision re body attachment and execution; P.A. 82-160 replaced “estate” with “property”, added “or garnishment” after “foreign attachment” and rephrased the section.See Sec. 52-279 re conditions under which attachment may be granted.Statute creates a new remedy. 19 C. 545. What constitutes a fraudulent concealment or withdrawal of property. 25 C. 368. Amount of the debt is ordinarily the rule of damages. 30 C. 413. Subsequent proceedings in insolvency, or insolvency in fact, no defense. Id., 412; 38 C. 76. Declaration. Id. Defense of offer of payment by note. Id., 77. Complaint held insufficient to show statutory fraud. 41 C. 241. Cited. Id., 301. Defendant held liable for refusing to disclose to officer the names of his debtors. 46 C. 270. A preconceived design not to pay for goods bought on credit is not essential to constitute fraud. 55 C. 277. Complaint charging a violation of statute, and on which defendant's body has been attached, cannot be amended by adding count in contract; 63 C. 370; 105 C. 679; nor is another action pending seeking recovery for same debt under common counts a ground for abatement. Id., 683. Refusal to find fraud held warranted on writ of error. 108 C. 94. History of statutes concerning body attachments and executions. 111 C. 229. Cited. 114 C. 53; 134 C. 207. Requires that fraudulent acts be specifically set up in complaint; evidence held to sustain ruling of not guilty of fraud. 136 C. 222.Cited. 12 CS 106. Not enough to prove a debt under section; fraud must also be proved. 16 CS 158. Cited. 35 CS 130.
CT Gen Stat § 52-563 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-563 - Liability for waste by tenant for life or years.

 Any person who, having no greater interest in real property than an estate for years, or for life, created by the act of the parties and not by the act of the law, commits waste upon the premises, beyond what tenants for years or life created by operation of law may do, shall be liable to the party injured in an action on this section, unless he was expressly authorized, by the contract under which the interest is created, to do the acts complained of.(1949 Rev., S. 8304; P.A. 82-160, S. 232.)History: P.A. 82-160 replaced “estate” with “property” and made a minor technical change.If tenant for life cuts fruit trees, it is waste. 24 C. 357. An estate created by devise is within statute. Id., 356. Whether tenant of life estate created by will is liable for waste depends upon terms of will. 45 C. 527. Mortgagee not liable for waste. 46 C. 213. Waste by one having dower interest. 84 C. 202. Life tenant may be liable under section to pay damages to owner for either voluntary or permissive waste before termination of the tenancy. 220 C. 170.Term “waste” relates to real estate and does not relate to personalty. 5 CS 502.
CT Gen Stat § 52-564a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-564a - Liability for shoplifting.

 (a) Any person eighteen years of age or older or an emancipated minor who takes possession of goods or merchandise displayed or offered for sale by any mercantile establishment, or who takes from any real property any agricultural produce kept, grown or raised on the property for purposes of sale, without the consent of the owner and with the intention of converting such goods, merchandise or produce to his own use without having paid the purchase price thereof, or who alters the price indicia of such goods or merchandise, shall be liable in a civil action to the owner of the goods, merchandise or produce for (1) the actual and reasonable costs of maintaining the action, including court costs and a reasonable attorney's fee, (2) the retail value of the goods, merchandise or produce taken, if not recovered by the time of the commencement of the action or if recovered in an unmerchantable condition, and (3) punitive damages in an amount not to exceed three hundred dollars.(b) A conviction of larceny by shoplifting, as defined in subdivision (9) of section 53a-119, shall not be a condition precedent to the maintenance of a civil action under this section.(c) In any action brought pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, if the plaintiff does not prevail, the court may award to the defendant his costs, including a reasonable attorney's fee, and damages not to exceed three hundred dollars.(d) No action shall be brought pursuant to subsection (a) of this section but within two years from the date of the act complained of.(P.A. 90-197; 90-282, S. 5.)History: P.A. 90-282 added Subsec. (d) to impose two-year deadline for bringing action.
CT Gen Stat § 52-565 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-565 - Double damages for forgery.

 Any person who falsely makes, alters, forges or counterfeits any document, or knowingly utters, as true, any document falsely made, altered, forged or counterfeited, shall pay double damages to any party injured thereby.(1949 Rev., S. 8306.)See Secs. 53a-137 to 53a-140, inclusive, re forgery.Not a penal statute. 1 D. 100; 74 C. 136; 87 C. 468. Is constitutional. 82 C. 5. Cited. 205 C. 93; 236 C. 582.Cited. 11 CA 161; 41 CA 659; 43 CA 1.An agent may commit forgery by making or signing an instrument in disobedience of his instructions or by exceeding his authority. 24 CS 498.
CT Gen Stat § 52-566 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-566 - Treble damages for wilful removal or destruction of bridge.

 Any person who wilfully removes or destroys any part of any bridge, or of its approaches, shall pay treble damages to the owner thereof or to the party bound to maintain it.(1949 Rev., S. 8307; P.A. 82-160, S. 233.)History: P.A. 82-160 made minor change in wording.See Secs. 53a-115 to 53a-117a, inclusive, re criminal mischief.Is constitutional. 82 C. 5. Not a penal statute. 87 C. 468. Owned construed to include truck loaned to state by federal government. 163 C. 576. Requirement and definition of “wilfulness” discussed. 189 C. 671.Cited. 43 CA 1.
CT Gen Stat § 52-567 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-567 - Treble damages for injury to milestone, guidepost or railing.

 Any person who pulls down or injures any milestone, guidepost or other monument for the direction of travelers, or any railing lawfully erected on any causeway or public road for safety of travelers, shall pay to the owner thereof treble damages.(1949 Rev., S. 8308.)See Secs. 53a-115 to 53a-117a, inclusive, re criminal mischief.Is constitutional. 82 C. 5. Not a penal statute. 87 C. 468.Cited. 43 CA 1.
CT Gen Stat § 52-568a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-568a - Damages for groundless or vexatious suit against the owner or operator of a “pick or cut your own agricultural operation”.

 Any person or any attorney who represents such person, who commences any civil action or complaint, in his own name or the name of others, against the owner or operator of a “pick or cut your own agricultural operation” (1) without probable cause, shall pay such owner or operator double damages, including, in the discretion of the court, costs and attorney's fees, or (2) without probable cause, and with a malicious intent unjustly to vex and trouble such owner or operator, shall pay such owner or operator treble damages including, in the discretion of the court, costs and attorney's fees. As used in this section, “pick or cut your own agricultural operation” means a farm to whom the Department of Revenue Services has issued a farmer tax exemption permit under subdivision (63) of section 12-412 that allows any person to enter such farm for the purpose of agricultural harvesting, including the cutting of Christmas trees. Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect or abrogate the provisions of section 52-568.(P.A. 97-179, S. 11.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-569 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-569 - Damages for leaving open bars, gate or fence.

 Any person who wilfully and unlawfully throws down or leaves open any bars, gate or fence, belonging to any particular enclosure or common field, shall pay to the party injured double damages, and a sum not exceeding five dollars, according to the nature and aggravation of the trespass.(1949 Rev., S. 8310; P.A. 82-160, S. 235.)History: P.A. 82-160 substituted “wilfully” for “wittingly”.See Sec. 53a-109 re criminal trespass in the third degree.See Sec. 53a-115 to 53a-117a, inclusive, re criminal mischief.Penalty is recoverable though act be done under claim of right. 44 C. 359.Cited. 43 CA 1.
CT Gen Stat § 52-570 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-570 - Action for malicious erection of structure.

 An action may be maintained by the proprietor of any land against the owner or lessee of land adjacent, who maliciously erects any structure thereon, with intent to annoy or injure the plaintiff in his use or disposition of his land.(1949 Rev., S. 8311.)See Sec. 52-480 re injunction against malicious erection of structure.What constitutes “malice” and evidence of it; 75 C. 424; a question of fact ordinarily not reviewable. 82 C. 290. Court rejected defendant's argument that the effect of this section and Sec. 52-480 is to create for plaintiff an unlawful visual easement across defendant's land. 174 C. 29.Cited. 43 CA 1; 46 CA 164.Elements necessary to state a cause of action under section enumerated. 21 CS 110. Testimony credible that fence was erected, in part, for legitimate purpose of safeguarding children and dogs; essential elements of cause of action under section are (1) structure erected on defendant's land, (2) malicious erection of structure, (3) intent to injure enjoyment of adjacent landowner's land by erection of structure, (4) impairment of value of adjacent land because of structure, (5) structure is useless to defendant, and (6) enjoyment of adjacent landowner's land is in fact impaired. 51 CS 399.Provides legal remedy for structures erected with intention to annoy and injure plaintiff's use of premises. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 427, 428.
CT Gen Stat § 52-570e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-570e - Action for damages resulting from violations of unemployment or workers' compensation laws.

 Any person, firm, association or corporation which suffers damages as a result of a competitive bid for a project involving the construction, repair, remodeling, alteration, conversion, modernization, improvement, rehabilitation, replacement or renovation of a building or structure not being accepted due to another person, firm, association or corporation knowingly violating the provisions of chapter 567 or 568, may bring an action for damages in the Superior Court. For the purposes of an action brought pursuant to this section, employee status shall be determined by the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended.(P.A. 90-273.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-570f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-570f - Action for theft of electric, gas, water, steam or community antenna television service.

 Any person aggrieved by acts constituting a violation of section 53a-127c may bring a civil action in the superior court for the judicial district where the violation occurred for relief, including a temporary or permanent injunction, and damages. In addition to any other relief, the court may, in its discretion, award costs and a reasonable attorney's fee.(P.A. 94-215, S. 2.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-571a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571a - Action for deprivation of equal rights and privileges.

 Any person aggrieved by a violation of section 53-37b may apply to the Superior Court for injunctive relief, recovery of damages and such other relief as the court deems just and equitable.(P.A. 93-412, S. 2.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-571aa. (Formerly Sec. 52-571) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571aa. (Formerly Sec. 52-571) - Discrimination on account of membership in armed forces so as to cause deprivation of rights, privileges or immunities usually enjoyed by public. Penalty.

 Any person who subjects or causes to be subjected any other person to the deprivation of any rights, privileges or immunities usually enjoyed by the public, on account of membership in the armed forces of the state, as defined in section 27-2, or of the armed forces, as defined in section 27-103, or on account of the wearing of the uniform of such service, or who, on account of such membership or the wearing of any such uniform, deprives any other person of the full and equal enjoyment of any advantages, facilities, accommodations, amusement or transportation, subject only to the limitations established by law and applicable alike to all persons, or who, on account of such membership or the wearing of such uniform, discriminates in the price for the enjoyment of any such privileges, shall forfeit and pay to the person injured thereby the greater of one thousand dollars or treble damages, together with costs and a reasonable attorney's fee.(1949 Rev., S. 8312; 1957, P.A. 163, S. 44; P.A. 07-128, S. 3; P.A. 18-72, S. 14.)History: P.A. 07-128 substituted “armed forces” for “United States” and substituted penalty of the greater of $1,000 or treble damages, “together with costs and a reasonable attorney's fee” for double damages in any court of competent jurisdiction; Sec. 52-571 transferred to Sec. 52-571aa in 2008; P.A. 18-72 made technical changes.
CT Gen Stat § 52-571bb (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571bb - Discrimination on account of membership in armed forces re access to any place of public accommodation, resort or amusement. Penalty.

 (a) No person may deny any individual within the jurisdiction of this state full and equal accommodations in any place of public accommodation, resort or amusement because of such individual's membership in the armed forces of the state, as defined in section 27-2, or the armed forces, as defined in section 27-103, or on account of the wearing of the uniform of any such armed forces, subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law and applicable alike to all persons.(b) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor.(P.A. 07-128, S. 2; P.A. 12-80, S. 99.)History: P.A. 12-80 amended Subsec. (b) to replace penalty of a fine of not less than $25 or more than $100 or imprisonment of not more than 30 days or both with a class D misdemeanor.
CT Gen Stat § 52-571c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571c - Action for damages resulting from intimidation based on bigotry or bias.

 (a) Any person injured in person or property as a result of an act that constitutes a violation of section 53a-181j, 53a-181k or 53a-181l may bring a civil action against the person who committed such act to recover damages for such injury.(b) In any civil action brought under this section in which the plaintiff prevails, the court shall award treble damages and may, in its discretion, award equitable relief and a reasonable attorney's fee.(c) No action shall be brought under this section but within three years from the date of the act complained of.(P.A. 95-112; P.A. 00-72, S. 9.)History: P.A. 00-72 amended Subsec. (a) to replace reference to “section 53a-181b” with reference to “section 53a-181j, 53a-181k or 53a-181l”.Subsec. (b):Trial court properly determined that extent of plaintiff's monetary recovery is not the determinative factor in exercise of its discretion to award reasonable attorney's fee; in determining reasonable attorney's fee, court may also consider whether plaintiff has prevailed on a significant legal issue and whether the legal action accomplished a public policy goal. 277 C. 319.
CT Gen Stat § 52-571e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571e - Action for damages resulting from actions of agent of surety on a bond.

 Any person other than the principal on the bond injured in person or property by the actions of an agent of a surety on a bond in a criminal proceeding in taking or attempting to take into custody the principal on the bond, may bring a civil action for damages in the Superior Court against such agent and the court may award such injured person treble damages, together with costs and a reasonable attorney's fee.(P.A. 97-287, S. 13.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-571f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571f - Strict liability of person who illegally transfers a firearm.

 Any person who sells, delivers or otherwise transfers a firearm, as defined in section 53a-3, to a person knowing that such other person is prohibited from possessing such firearm shall be strictly liable for damages for the injury or death of another person resulting from the use of such firearm by any person.(P.A. 99-212, S. 8.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-571g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-571g - Strict liability of person who fails to securely store a firearm.

 Any person whose act or omission constitutes a violation of section 29-37i shall be strictly liable for damages when a minor or, a resident of the premises who is ineligible to possess a firearm under state or federal law or who poses a risk of imminent personal injury to himself or herself or to other individuals, obtains a firearm, as defined in section 53a-3, and causes the injury or death of such minor, resident or any other person. For the purposes of this section, “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen years.(P.A. 99-212, S. 9; P.A. 13-3, S. 55; P.A. 19-5, S. 2.)History: P.A. 13-3 made section applicable to injury or death caused by resident of premises who obtains firearm while ineligible to possess firearm or while posing a risk of imminent personal injury to self or others; P.A. 19-5 redefined “minor”.