reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 11-4A-404 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 4 - Payment|§ 11-4A-404. Obligation of Beneficiary's Bank to Pay and Give Notice to Beneficiary

  Subject to Code Sections 11-4A-211(e), 11-4A-405(d), and 11-4A-405(e), if a beneficiary's bank accepts a payment order, the bank is obliged to pay the amount of the order to the beneficiary of the order. Payment is due on the payment date of the order, but if acceptance occurs on the payment date after the close of the funds-transfer business day of the bank, payment is due on the next funds-transfer business day. If the bank refuses to pay after demand by the beneficiary and receipt of notice of particular circumstances that will give rise to consequential damages as a result of nonpayment, the beneficiary may recover damages resulting from the refusal to pay to the extent the bank had notice of the damages, unless the bank proves that it did not pay because of a reasonable doubt concerning the right of the beneficiary to payment.   If a payment order accepted by the beneficiary's bank instructs payment to an account of the beneficiary, the bank is obliged to notify the beneficiary of receipt of the order before midnight of the next funds-transfer business day following the payment date.If the payment order does not instruct payment to an account of the beneficiary, the bank is required to notify the beneficiary only if notice is required by the order.Notice may be given by first-class mail or any other means reasonable in the circumstances. If the bank fails to give the required notice, the bank is obliged to pay interest to the beneficiary on the amount of the payment order from the day notice should have been given until the day the beneficiary learned of receipt of the payment order by the bank.No other damages are recoverable. Reasonable attorney's fees are also recoverable if demand for interest is made and refused before an action is brought on the claim.   The right of a beneficiary to receive payment and damages as stated in subsection (a) may not be varied by agreement or a funds-transfer system rule. The right of a beneficiary to be notified as stated in subsection (b) may be varied by agreement of the beneficiary or by a funds-transfer system rule if the beneficiary is notified of the rule before initiation of the funds transfer.     (Code 1981, §11-4A-404, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-404.
GA Code § 11-4A-406 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 4 - Payment|§ 11-4A-406. Payment by Originator to Beneficiary; Discharge of Underlying Obligation

  Subject to Code Sections 11-4A-211(e), 11-4A-405(d), and 11-4A-405(e), the originator of a funds transfer pays the beneficiary of the originator's payment order (i) at the time a payment order for the benefit of the beneficiary is accepted by the beneficiary's bank in the funds transfer and (ii) in an amount equal to the amount of the order accepted by the beneficiary's bank, but not more than the amount of the originator's order.   If payment under subsection (a) is made to satisfy an obligation, the obligation is discharged to the same extent discharge would result from payment to the beneficiary of the same amount in money, unless (i) the payment under subsection (a) was made by a means prohibited by the contract of the beneficiary with respect to the obligation, (ii) the beneficiary, within a reasonable time after receiving notice of receipt of the order by the beneficiary's bank, notified the originator of the beneficiary's refusal of the payment, (iii) funds with respect to the order were not withdrawn by the beneficiary or applied to a debt of the beneficiary, and (iv) the beneficiary would suffer a loss that could reasonably have been avoided if payment had been made by a means complying with the contract. If payment by the originator does not result in discharge under this section, the originator is subrogated to the rights of the beneficiary to receive payment from the beneficiary's bank under Code Section 11-4A-404(a).   For the purpose of determining whether discharge of an obligation occurs under subsection (b), if the beneficiary's bank accepts a payment order in an amount equal to the amount of the originator's payment order less charges of one or more receiving banks in the funds transfer, payment to the beneficiary is deemed to be in the amount of the originator's order unless upon demand by the beneficiary the originator does not pay the beneficiary the amount of the deducted charges.   Rights of the originator or of the beneficiary of a funds transfer under this Code section may be varied only by agreement of the originator and the beneficiary.     (Code 1981, §11-4A-406, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-406.
GA Code § 11-4A-501 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 11-4A-501. Variation by Agreement and Effect of Funds-Transfer System Rule

  Except as otherwise provided in this article, the rights and obligations of a party to a funds transfer may be varied by agreement of the affected party.   "Funds-transfer system rule" means a rule of an association of banks (i) governing transmission of payment orders by means of a funds-transfer system of the association or rights and obligations with respect to those orders, or (ii) to the extent the rule governs rights and obligations between banks that are parties to a funds transfer in which a federal reserve bank, acting as an intermediary bank, sends a payment order to the beneficiary's bank.Except as otherwise provided in this article, a funds-transfer system rule governing rights and obligations between participating banks using the system may be effective even if the rule conflicts with this Article and indirectly affects another party to the funds transfer who does not consent to the rule. A funds-transfer system rule may also govern rights and obligations of parties other than participating banks using the system to the extent stated in Code Sections 11-4A-404(c), 11-4A-405(d), and 11-4A-507(c).     (Code 1981, §11-4A-501, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4; Ga. L. 2002, p. 415, § 11.)    The 2002 amendment,  effective April 18, 2002, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, revised capitalization in subsection (b).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-501.
GA Code § 11-4A-502 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 11-4A-502. Creditor Process Served on Receiving Bank; Setoff by Beneficiary's Bank

  As used in this section, "creditor process" means levy, attachment, garnishment, notice of lien, sequestration, or similar process issued by or on behalf of a creditor or other claimant with respect to an account.   This subsection applies to creditor process with respect to an authorized account of the sender of a payment order if the creditor process is served on the receiving bank.For the purpose of determining rights with respect to the creditor process, if the receiving bank accepts the payment order the balance in the authorized account is deemed to be reduced by the amount of the payment order to the extent the bank did not otherwise receive payment of the order, unless the creditor process is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank accepts the payment order.   If a beneficiary's bank has received a payment order for payment to the beneficiary's account in the bank, the following rules apply:   The bank may credit the beneficiary's account.The amount credited may be set off against an obligation owed by the beneficiary to the bank or may be applied to satisfy creditor process served on the bank with respect to the account.   The bank may credit the beneficiary's account and allow withdrawal of the amount credited unless creditor process with respect to the account is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act to prevent withdrawal.   If creditor process with respect to the beneficiary's account has been served and the bank has had a reasonable opportunity to act on it, the bank may not reject the payment order except for a reason unrelated to the service of process.     Creditor process with respect to a payment by the originator to the beneficiary pursuant to a funds transfer may be served only on the beneficiary's bank with respect to the debt owed by that bank to the beneficiary.Any other bank served with the creditor process is not obliged to act with respect to the process.     (Code 1981, §11-4A-502, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-502.
GA Code § 11-4A-503 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 11-4A-503. Injunction or Restraining Order With Respect to Funds Transfer

 For proper cause and in compliance with applicable law, a court may restrain (i) a person from issuing a payment order to initiate a funds transfer, (ii) an originator's bank from executing the payment order of the originator, or (iii) the beneficiary's bank from releasing funds to the beneficiary or the beneficiary from withdrawing the funds.A court may not otherwise restrain a person from issuing a payment order, paying or receiving payment of a payment order, or otherwise acting with respect to a funds transfer.    (Code 1981, §11-4A-503, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-503.
GA Code § 11-4A-504 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 11-4A-504. Order in Which Items and Payment Orders May Be Charged to Account; Order of Withdrawals From Account

  If a receiving bank has received more than one payment order of the sender or one or more payment orders and other items that are payable from the sender's account, the bank may charge the sender's account with respect to the various orders and items in any sequence.   In determining whether a credit to an account has been withdrawn by the holder of the account or applied to a debt of the holder of the account, credits first made to the account are first withdrawn or applied.     (Code 1981, §11-4A-504, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-504.
GA Code § 11-4A-505 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 11-4A-505. Preclusion of Objection to Debit of Customer's Account

 If a receiving bank has received payment from its customer with respect to a payment order issued in the name of the customer as sender and accepted by the bank, and the customer received notification reasonably identifying the order, the customer is precluded from asserting that the bank is not entitled to retain the payment unless the customer notifies the bank of the customer's objection to the payment within one year after the notification was received by the customer.    (Code 1981, §11-4A-505, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-505.
GA Code § 11-4A-506 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 11-4A-506. Rate of Interest

  If, under this article, a receiving bank is obliged to pay interest with respect to a payment order issued to the bank, the amount payable may be determined (i) by agreement of the sender and receiving bank, or (ii) by a funds-transfer system rule if the payment order is transmitted through a funds-transfer system.   If the amount of interest is not determined by an agreement or rule as stated in subsection (a), the amount is calculated by multiplying the applicable Federal Funds rate by the amount on which interest is payable, and then multiplying the product by the number of days for which interest is payable.The applicable Federal Funds rate is the average of the Federal Funds rates published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for each of the days for which interest is payable divided by 360. The Federal Funds rate for any day on which a published rate is not available is the same as the published rate for the next preceding day for which there is a published rate. If a receiving bank that accepted a payment order is required to refund payment to the sender of the order because the funds transfer was not completed, but the failure to complete was not due to any fault by the bank, the interest payable is reduced by a percentage equal to the reserve requirement on deposits of the receiving bank.     (Code 1981, §11-4A-506, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-506.
GA Code § 11-4A-507 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|§ 11-4A-507. Choice of Law

  The following rules apply unless the affected parties otherwise agree or subsection (c) applies:   The rights and obligations between the sender of a payment order and the receiving bank are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the receiving bank is located.   The rights and obligations between the beneficiary's bank and the beneficiary are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the beneficiary's bank is located.   The issue of when payment is made pursuant to a funds transfer by the originator to the beneficiary is governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the beneficiary's bank is located.     If the parties described in each paragraph of subsection (a) have made an agreement selecting the law of a particular jurisdiction to govern rights and obligations between each other, the law of that jurisdiction governs those rights and obligations, whether or not the payment order or the funds transfer bears a reasonable relation to that jurisdiction.   A funds-transfer system rule may select the law of a particular jurisdiction to govern (i) rights and obligations between participating banks with respect to payment orders transmitted or processed through the system, or (ii) the rights and obligations of some or all parties to a funds transfer any part of which is carried out by means of the system.A choice of law made pursuant to clause (i) is binding on participating banks.A choice of law made pursuant to clause (ii) is binding on the originator, other sender, or a receiving bank having notice that the funds-transfer system might be used in the funds transfer and of the choice of law by the system when the originator, other sender, or receiving bank issued or accepted a payment order.The beneficiary of a funds transfer is bound by the choice of law if, when the funds transfer is initiated, the beneficiary has notice that the funds-transfer system might be used in the funds transfer and of the choice of law by the system. The law of a jurisdiction selected pursuant to this subsection may govern, whether or not that law bears a reasonable relation to the matter in issue.   In the event of inconsistency between an agreement under subsection (b) and a choice-of-law rule under subsection (c), the agreement under subsection (b) prevails.   If a funds transfer is made by use of more than one funds-transfer system and there is inconsistency between choice-of-law rules of the systems, the matter in issue is governed by the law of the selected jurisdiction that has the most significant relationship to the matter in issue.     (Code 1981, §11-4A-507, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2685, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 4A-507.
GA Code § 11-7-101 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading, and Other Documents of Title|Part 1 - General|§ 11-7-101. Short Title

 This article shall be known and may be cited as "Uniform Commercial Code - Documents of Title."   (Code 1933, § 109A-7 - 101, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 2010, p. hb0451, § 1-1/HB 451.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 1-1, effective May 27, 2010, reenacted this Code section without change.   Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 3-1, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act applies to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises on or after the effective date of this Act. This Act does not apply to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this Act even if the document of title or bailment would be subject to this Act if the document of title had been issued or bailment had arisen on or after the effective date of this Act. This Act does not apply to a right of action that has accrued before the effective date of this Act." This Act became effective May 27, 2010.   Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 3-2, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "A document of title issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this Act and the rights, documents, and interests flowing from that document or bailment are governed by any statute or other rule amended or repealed by this Act as if such amendment or repeal had not occurred and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced under that statute or other rule." This Act became effective May 27, 2010.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Turfgrass Group v. Ga. Cold Storage Co., 346 Ga. App. 659, 816 S.E.2d 716 (2018).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 13 C.J.S., Carriers, § 128. 80 C.J.S., Shipping, § 256 et seq. 93 C.J.S., Warehousemen and Safe Depositaries, § 3.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 7-101.
GA Code § 11-7-106 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading, and Other Documents of Title|Part 1 - General|§ 11-7-106. Control of Electronic Document of Title

  A person has control of an electronic document of title if a system employed for evidencing the transfer of interests in the electronic document reliably establishes that person as the person to which the electronic document was issued or transferred.   A system satisfies subsection (a) of this Code section, and a person is deemed to have control of an electronic document of title, if the document is created, stored, and assigned in a manner that:   A single authoritative copy of the document exists which is unique, identifiable, and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of this subsection, unalterable;   The authoritative copy identifies the person asserting control as:   The person to which the document was issued; or   If the authoritative copy indicates that the document has been transferred, the person to which the document was most recently transferred;     The authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the person asserting control or its designated custodian;   Copies or amendments that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the person asserting control;   Each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and   Any amendment of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as authorized or unauthorized.       (Code 1981, §11-7-106, enacted by Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 1-1/HB 451.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 3-1, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act applies to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises on or after the effective date of this Act. This Act does not apply to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this Act even if the document of title or bailment would be subject to this Act if the document of title had been issued or bailment had arisen on or after the effective date of this Act. This Act does not apply to a right of action that has accrued before the effective date of this Act." This Act became effective May 27, 2010.   Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 3-2, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "A document of title issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this Act and the rights, documents, and interests flowing from that document or bailment are governed by any statute or other rule amended or repealed by this Act as if such amendment or repeal had not occurred and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced under that statute or other rule." This Act became effective May 27, 2010.
GA Code § 11-7-201 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 11 - Commercial Code|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading, and Other Documents of Title|Part 2 - Warehouse Receipts: Special Provisions|§ 11-7-201. Person That May Issue a Warehouse Receipt; Storage Under Bond

  A warehouse receipt may be issued by any warehouse.   If goods, including distilled spirits and agricultural commodities, are stored under a statute requiring a bond against withdrawal or a license for the issuance of receipts in the nature of warehouse receipts, a receipt issued for the goods is deemed to be a warehouse receipt even if issued by a person that is the owner of the goods and is not a warehouse.    (Code 1933, § 109A-7 - 201, enacted by Ga. L. 1962, p. 156, § 1; Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 1-1/HB 451.)    The 2010 amendment,  effective May 27, 2010, in the catchline, substituted "Person that" for "Who" at the beginning and deleted "government" preceding "bond" at the end; redesignated former subsections (1) and (2) as present subsections (a) and (b), respectively; substituted "warehouse" for "warehouseman" at the end of present subsections (a) and (b); and, in present subsection (b), substituted "If goods," for "Where" at the beginning, substituted "is deemed to be" for "has like effect as", and substituted "if issued by a person that" for "though issued by a person who" near the end. See the Editor's notes for applicability.   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 3-1, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act applies to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises on or after the effective date of this Act. This Act does not apply to a document of title that is issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this Act even if the document of title or bailment would be subject to this Act if the document of title had been issued or bailment had arisen on or after the effective date of this Act. This Act does not apply to a right of action that has accrued before the effective date of this Act." This Act became effective May 27, 2010.   Ga. L. 2010, p. 481, § 3-2, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "A document of title issued or a bailment that arises before the effective date of this Act and the rights, documents, and interests flowing from that document or bailment are governed by any statute or other rule amended or repealed by this Act as if such amendment or repeal had not occurred and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced under that statute or other rule." This Act became effective May 27, 2010.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 68A Am. Jur. 2d, Secured Transactions, § 109. 78 Am. Jur. 2d, Warehouses, § 42.   C.J.S.   - 93 C.J.S., Warehousemen and Safe Depositaries, § 25 et seq.   U.L.A.   - Uniform Commercial Code (U.L.A.) § 7-201.   ALR.    - Right of surety on warehouseman's bond to be subrogated to rights of owner of property stored as against third person, 4 A.L.R. 518.