reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 55.1-119 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-119. When person not a party, etc., may take or sue under instrument

An immediate estate or interest in or the benefit of a condition respecting any estate may be taken by a person under an instrument, although he is not a party to such instrument; and if a covenant or promise is made for the benefit, in whole or in part, of a person with whom it is not made, or with whom it is made jointly with others, such person, whether named in the instrument or not, may maintain in his own name any action thereon that he might maintain as though it had been made with him only and the consideration had moved from him to the party making such covenant or promise. In such action, the covenantor or promisor shall be permitted to make all defenses he may have, not only against the covenantee or promisee, but also against such beneficiary.Code 1919, § 5143; Code 1950, § 55-22; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-120 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-120. Informalities in deeds made by attorneys-in-fact

If, in a deed made by one as attorney-in-fact for another, the words of conveyance or the signature is in the name of the attorney, it is as much the principal's deed as if the words of conveyance or the signature were in the name of the principal by the attorney, if it is manifest on the face of the deed that it should be construed to be that of the principal to give effect to its intent.Code 1919, § 5145; Code 1950, § 55-23; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-121 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-121. Time for objections to irregularities in advertising sales made by trustees

All deeds made and executed prior to January 1, 1940, by trustees conveying property sold under deeds of trust in which default was made in the debt secured and as to which irregularities in advertising such sales have occurred shall be held and the same are hereby declared valid in all respects, if otherwise valid according to law then in force, after the expiration of 15 years from the date on which such sale was made by such trustees.1924, p. 308; Michie Code 1942, § 5827b; Code 1950, § 55-24; 1952, c. 375; 1960, c. 105; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-122 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-122. Recovery at death of life tenant of taxes paid on life estate

When any person dies possessed of a life estate in real estate that was assessed with taxes in the name of such life tenant for the year in which such life tenant dies and such taxes are paid for that year by any person other than the remainderman entitled to such real estate, such person or his estate so paying such taxes shall be entitled to recover from such remainderman such proportionate part of the sum so paid as that part of the year following the death of the life tenant bears to the entire year, provided, however, that if upon the death of the life tenant the real estate shall come into the possession of another life tenant, such recovery shall be had from the subsequent life tenant and not from the remainderman.1932, p. 331; Michie Code 1942, § 5392a; Code 1950, § 55-25; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-123 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-123. Removal of a cloud on title; nature of plaintiff's title

When a petition is filed to remove a cloud on the title to real estate, relief shall not be denied the complainant because he has only an equitable title to such real estate and is out of possession, but the court shall grant to the complainant such relief as he would be entitled to if he held the legal title and was in possession. If an issue of fact is raised which but for this section would entitle either party to a trial by jury, the court shall, upon the request of the party so entitled, order such issue to be tried by a jury.Code 1919, § 6248; Code 1950, § 55-153; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-124 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-124. Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities

A. A nonvested property interest is invalid unless:1. When the interest is created, it is certain to vest or terminate no later than 21 years after the death of an individual then alive; or2. The interest either vests or terminates within 90 years after its creation.B. A general power of appointment not presently exercisable because of a condition precedent is invalid unless:1. When the power is created, the condition precedent is certain to be satisfied or becomes impossible to satisfy no later than 21 years after the death of an individual then alive; or2. The condition precedent either is satisfied or becomes impossible to satisfy within 90 years after its creation.C. A nongeneral power of appointment or a general testamentary power of appointment is invalid unless:1. When the power is created, it is certain to be irrevocably exercised or otherwise to terminate no later than 21 years after the death of an individual then alive; or2. The power is irrevocably exercised or otherwise terminates within 90 years after its creation.D. In determining whether a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment is valid under subdivision A 1, B 1, or C 1, the possibility that a child will be born to an individual after the individual's death is disregarded.E. If, in measuring a period from the creation of a trust or other property arrangement, language in a governing instrument (i) seeks to disallow the vesting or termination of any interest or trust beyond, (ii) seeks to postpone the vesting or termination of any interest or trust until, or (iii) seeks to operate in effect in any similar fashion upon, the later of (a) the expiration of a period of time not exceeding 21 years after the death of the survivor of specified lives in being at the creation of the trust or other property arrangement or (b) the expiration of a period of time that exceeds or might exceed 21 years after the death of the survivor of lives in being at the creation of the trust or other property arrangement, that language is inoperative to the extent it produces a period of time that exceeds 21 years after the death of the survivor of the specified lives.2000, c. 714, § 55-12.1; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-125 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-125. When nonvested property interest or power of appointment created

A. Except as provided in subsections B and C and in § 55.1-128, the time of creation of a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment is determined under general principles of property law.B. For the purposes of §§ 55.1-124 through 55.1-129, if there is a person who alone can exercise a power created by a governing instrument to become the unqualified beneficial owner of (i) a nonvested property interest or (ii) a property interest subject to a power of appointment described in subsection B or C in § 55.1-124, the nonvested property interest or power of appointment is created when the power to become the unqualified beneficial owner terminates.C. For the purposes of §§ 55.1-124 through 55.1-129, a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment arising from a transfer of property to a previously funded trust or other existing property arrangement is created when the nonvested property interest or power of appointment in the original contribution was created.2000, c. 714, § 55-12.2; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-126 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-126. Reformation

Upon the petition of an interested person, a circuit court in the county or city in which the affected property or the greater part of such property is located shall reform a disposition in the manner that most closely approximates the transferor's manifested plan of distribution and is within the 90 years allowed by subdivision A 2, B 2, or C 2 of § 55.1-124 if:1. A nonvested property interest or a power of appointment becomes invalid under § 55.1-124;2. A class gift is not but might become invalid under § 55.1-124 and the time has arrived when the share of any class member is to take effect in possession or enjoyment; or3. A nonvested property interest that is not validated by subdivision A 1 of § 55.1-124 can vest but not within 90 years after its creation.2000, c. 714, § 55-12.3; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-127 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-127. Exclusions from statutory rule against perpetuities

A. Section 55.1-124 does not apply to:1. A nonvested property interest or a power of appointment arising out of a nondonative transfer, except a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment arising out of (i) a premarital or postmarital agreement; (ii) a separation or divorce settlement; (iii) a spouse's election; (iv) a similar arrangement arising out of a prospective, existing, or previous marital relationship between the parties; (v) a contract to make or not to revoke a will or trust; (vi) a contract to exercise or not to exercise a power of appointment; (vii) a transfer in satisfaction of a duty of support; or (viii) a reciprocal transfer;2. A fiduciary's power relating to the administration or management of assets, including the power of a fiduciary to sell, lease, or mortgage property, and the power of a fiduciary to determine principal and income;3. A power to appoint a fiduciary;4. A discretionary power of trustee to distribute principal before termination of a trust to a beneficiary having an indefensibly vested interest in the income and principal;5. A nonvested property interest held by a charity, government, or governmental agency or subdivision, if the nonvested property interest is preceded by an interest held by another charity, government, or governmental agency or subdivision;6. A nonvested property interest in or a power of appointment with respect to a trust or other property arrangement forming part of a pension, profit-sharing, stock bonus, health, disability, death benefit, income deferral, or other current or deferred benefit plan for one or more employees, independent contractors, or their beneficiaries or spouses, to which contributions are made for the purpose of distributing to or for the benefit of the participants or their beneficiaries or spouses the property, income, or principal in the trust or other property arrangement, except a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment that is created by an election of a participant or a beneficiary or spouse;7. A property interest, power of appointment, or arrangement that was not subject to the common-law rule against perpetuities or is excluded by another statute of the Commonwealth; or8. A nonvested interest in or power of appointment over personal property held in trust, or a power of appointment over personal property granted under a trust, if the trust instrument, by its terms, provides that § 55.1-124 shall not apply.B. The exception to the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities under subdivision A 8 shall not extend to real property held in trust. For purposes of this subsection, real property does not include an interest in a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, business trust, or other entity, even if such entity owns an interest in real property.2000, c. 714, § 55-12.4; 2013, c. 323; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-128 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-128. Prospective application

Sections 55.1-124 through 55.1-129 apply to a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment that is created on or after July 1, 2000. For purposes of this section, a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment created by the exercise of a power of appointment is created when the power is irrevocably exercised or when a revocable exercise becomes irrevocable.2000, c. 714, § 55-12.5; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-129 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-129. Uniformity of application and construction

Sections 55.1-124 through 55.1-129 shall be applied and construed to effectuate their general purpose to make the law uniform with respect to the rule against perpetuities among states enacting it.2000, c. 714, § 55-12.6; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-130 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-130. Certain limitations construed

Every limitation in any deed or will contingent upon the dying of any person without heirs, heirs of the body, issue, issue of the body, children, offspring or descendants, or other relatives shall be construed a limitation to take effect when such person dies not having such heir, issue, child, offspring, descendant, or other relative, as the case may be, living at the time of his death, or born to him within 10 months after his death, unless the intention of such limitation be otherwise plainly declared on the face of the deed or will creating it.Code 1919, § 5151; Code 1950, § 55-13; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-131 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-131. Employee trusts

Pension, profit sharing, stock bonus, annuity, or other employee trusts established by employers for the purpose of distributing the income and principal of such trust to some or all of their employees, or the beneficiaries of such employees, shall not be invalid as violating any laws or rules against perpetuities or restraints on the power of alienation of title to property; but such trusts may continue for such period of time as may be required by their provisions to accomplish the purposes for which they are established.1950, p. 740, § 55-13.1; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-132 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-132. Determination of "lives in being" for purpose of rule against perpetuities

A. For the purpose of determining whether the terms of an inter vivos trust provide for a duration in excess of that allowed under the rule against perpetuities, the determination of "lives in being" shall be made as of the death of the settlor, if the settlor has at his death the unrestricted right, acting alone, to revoke the trust or to have transferred to himself the entire legal and beneficial interest in all property, both principal and income, held in the trust. In the event that the settlor surrenders both such rights at any time prior to his death, the determination of "lives in being" shall be made as of the time that the settlor, upon establishment of the trust or otherwise, surrenders the unrestricted right acting alone to revoke the trust and the unrestricted right acting alone to have transferred to himself the entire legal and beneficial interest in all property, both principal and income, held in the trust.B. This section shall apply only to a nonvested property interest in an inter vivos trust created before July 1, 2000.1966, c. 260, § 55-13.2; 2000, c. 714; 2019, c. 712
VA Code § 55.1-133 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-133. Application of the rule against perpetuities to nondonative transfers

A. Except for the transactions set forth in § 55.1-127, which are governed by the provisions of §§ 55.1-124 through 55.1-129, a nondonative transfer of an interest in property fails, if the interest does not vest, if it ever vests, within the period of the common-law rule against perpetuities.B. The provisions of this section (i) in force on June 30, 2000, shall apply to all donative interests created on or after July 1, 1982, and before July 1, 2000, and (ii) in force on July 1, 2000, shall apply to all nondonative interests created on or after July 1, 1982.1982, c. 249, § 55-13.3; 2000, cc. 658, 714; 2013, c. 323; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-134 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-134. Survivorship between joint tenants abolished

A. When any joint tenant dies, before or after the vesting of the estate, whether the estate is real or personal, or whether partition could have been compelled or not, his part shall descend to his heirs, pass by devise, or go to his personal representative, subject to debts or distribution, as if he had been a tenant in common.B. This section shall not apply to any estate that joint tenants have as fiduciaries or to any real or personal property transferred to persons in their own right when it manifestly appears from the tenor of the instrument transferring such property or memorializing the existence of a chose in action that it was intended the part of the one dying should then belong to the others. This section does not affect the mode of proceeding on any joint judgment or order in favor of or on any contract with two or more one of whom dies.Code 1919, §§ 5159, 5160; Code 1950, §§ 55-20, 55-21; 1990, c. 831; 1999, c. 196; 2001, c. 718; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-135 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-135. Joint ownership in real and personal property

Any persons may own real or personal property as joint tenants with or without a right of survivorship. When any person causes any real or personal property, or any written memorial of a chose in action, to be titled, registered, or endorsed in the name of two or more persons "jointly," as "joint tenants," in a "joint tenancy," or other similar language, such persons shall own the property in a joint tenancy without survivorship as provided in § 55.1-134. If, in addition, the expression "with survivorship," or any equivalent language, is employed in such titling, registering, or endorsing, it shall be presumed that such persons are intended to own the property as joint tenants with the right of survivorship as at common law. This section is not applicable to multiple party accounts under Article 2 (§ 6.2-604 et seq.) of Chapter 6 of Title 6.2 or to any other matter specifically governed by another provision of the Code.If any real or personal property is conveyed or devised to spouses, they shall take and hold such property by moieties in the same manner as if a distinct moiety had been given to each spouse by a separate conveyance, unless language as provided in this section or in § 55.1-136 is used that designates the tenancy as a joint tenancy or a tenancy by the entirety and all requirements for holding property by such tenancy are met.Code 1919, § 5160; Code 1950, § 55-21; 1999, c. 196, § 55-20.1; 2000, c. 331; 2001, c. 718; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-136 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-136. Tenants by the entirety in real and personal property; certain trusts

A. Spouses may own real or personal property as tenants by the entirety for as long as they are married. Personal property may be owned as tenants by the entirety whether or not the personal property represents the proceeds of the sale of real property. An intent that the part of the one dying should belong to the other shall be manifest from a designation of the spouses as "tenants by the entireties" or "tenants by the entirety."B. Except as otherwise provided by statute, no interest in real property held as tenants by the entirety shall be severed by written instrument unless the instrument is a deed signed by both spouses as grantors.C. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of § 64.2-747, any property of spouses that is held by them as tenants by the entirety and conveyed to their joint revocable or irrevocable trusts, or to their separate revocable or irrevocable trusts, and any proceeds of the sale or disposition of such property, shall have the same immunity from the claims of their separate creditors as it would if it had remained a tenancy by the entirety, so long as (i) they remain married to each other, (ii) it continues to be held in the trust or trusts, and (iii) it continues to be their property, including where both spouses are current beneficiaries of one trust that holds the entire property or each spouse is a current beneficiary of a separate trust and the two separate trusts together hold the entire property, whether or not other persons are also current or future beneficiaries of the trust or trusts. The immunity from the claims of separate creditors under this subsection may be waived as to any specific creditor, including any separate creditor of either spouse, or any specifically described property, including any former tenancy by the entirety property conveyed into trust, by the trustee acting under the express provision of a trust instrument or with the written consent of both spouses.2001, c. 718, § 55-20.2; 2006, c. 281; 2015, c. 424; 2017, c. 38; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-137 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-137. Creation of solar easements

Any easement obtained for the purpose of exposure of solar energy equipment, facilities, or devices shall be created in writing and shall be subject to the same conveyancing and instrument recording requirements as other easements.1978, c. 323, § 55-353; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-138 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates|§ 55.1-138. Contents of solar easement agreements

Any instrument creating a solar easement shall include, at a minimum:1. The vertical and horizontal angles, expressed in degrees, at which the solar easement extends over the real property subject to the solar easement;2. Any terms or conditions under which the solar easement is granted or will be terminated; and3. Any provisions for compensation of the owner of the property subject to the solar easement.1978, c. 323, § 55-354; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-200 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-200. How married persons may acquire and dispose of property

Married persons shall have the right to acquire, hold, use, control, and dispose of property as if they were unmarried. Such power of use, control, and disposition shall apply to all property of a married person. The marital rights of persons married to each other shall not entitle either spouse to the possession or use, or to the rents, issues, and profits, of such real estate of the other spouse during the coverture, nor shall the property of either spouse be subject to the debts or liabilities of the other spouse.Code 1919, § 5134; 1932, p. 21; Code 1950, § 55-35; 1990, c. 831; 2019, c. 712.