reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Civ Code art. 538 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 538. Usufruct of consumable things

If the things subject to the usufruct are consumables, the usufructuary becomes owner of them. He may consume, alienate, or encumber them as he sees fit. At the termination of the usufruct he is bound either to pay to the naked owner the value that the things had at the commencement of the usufruct or to deliver to him things of the same quantity and quality. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 539 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 539. Usufruct of nonconsumable things.

If the things subject to the usufruct are nonconsumables, the usufructuary has the right to possess them and to derive the utility, profits, and advantages that they may produce, under the obligation of preserving their substance. He is bound to use them as a prudent administrator and to deliver them to the naked owner at the termination of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 540 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 540. Nature of usufruct.

Usufruct is an incorporeal thing. It is movable or immovable according to the nature of the thing upon which the right exists. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 541 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 541. Divisibility of usufruct.

Usufruct is susceptible to division, because its purpose is the enjoyment of advantages that are themselves divisible. It may be conferred on several persons in divided or undivided shares, and it may be partitioned among the usufructuaries. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 542 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 542. Divisibility of naked ownership.

The naked ownership may be partitioned subject to the rights of the usufructuary. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 543 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 543. Partition of the property in kind or by licitation

When property is held in indivision, a person having a share in full ownership may demand partition of the property in kind or by licitation, even though there may be other shares in naked ownership and usufruct. A person having a share in naked ownership only or in usufruct only does not have this right, unless a naked owner of an undivided share and a usufructuary of that share jointly demand partition in kind or by licitation, in which event their combined shares shall be deemed to constitute a share in full ownership. Acts 1983, No. 535, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 544 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 544. Methods of establishing usufruct; things susceptible of usufruct.

Usufruct may be established by a juridical act either inter vivos or mortis causa, or by operation of law. The usufruct created by juridical act is called conventional; the usufruct created by operation of law is called legal. Usufruct may be established on all kinds of things, movable or immovable, corporeal or incorporeal. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 545 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 545. Modifications of usufruct.

Usufruct may be established for a term or under a condition, and subject to any modification consistent with the nature of usufruct. The rights and obligations of the usufructuary and of the naked owner may be modified by agreement unless modification is prohibited by law or by the grantor in the act establishing the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 546 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 546. Usufruct in favor of successive usufructuaries.

Usufruct may be established in favor of successive usufructuaries. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 547 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 547. Usufruct in favor of several usufructuaries.

When the usufruct is established in favor of several usufructuaries, the termination of the interest of one usufructuary inures to the benefit of those remaining, unless the grantor has expressly provided otherwise. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 548 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 548. Existence of usufructuaries.

When the usufruct is established by an act inter vivos, the usufructuary must exist or be conceived at the time of the execution of the instrument. When the usufruct is established by an act mortis causa, the usufructuary must exist or be conceived at the time of the death of the testator. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 549 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 549. Capacity to receive usufruct

Usufruct may be established in favor of a natural person or a juridical person. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 550 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 550. Right to all fruits.

The usufructuary is entitled to the fruits of the thing subject to usufruct according to the following articles. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 551 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 551. Kinds of fruits.

Fruits are things that are produced by or derived from another thing without diminution of its substance. There are two kinds of fruits; natural fruits and civil fruits. Natural fruits are products of the earth or of animals. Civil fruits are revenues derived from a thing by operation of law or by reason of a juridical act, such as rentals, interest, and certain corporate distributions. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 552 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 552. Corporate distributions.

A cash dividend declared during the existence of the usufruct belongs to the usufructuary. A liquidation dividend or a stock redemption payment belongs to the naked owner subject to the usufruct. Stock dividends and stock splits declared during the existence of the usufruct belong to the naked owner subject to the usufruct. A stock warrant and a subscription right declared during the existence of the usufruct belong to the naked owner free of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 553 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 553. Voting of shares of stock and other rights

The usufructuary has the right to vote shares of stock in corporations and to vote or exercise similar rights with respect to interests in other juridical persons, unless otherwise provided. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 554 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 554. Commencement of the right to fruits.

The usufructuary's right to fruits commences on the effective date of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 555 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 555. Nonapportionment of natural fruits.

The usufructuary acquires the ownership of natural fruits severed during the existence of the usufruct. Natural fruits not severed at the end of the usufruct belong to the naked owner. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 556 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 556. Apportionment of civil fruits.

The usufructuary acquires the ownership of civil fruits accruing during the existence of the usufruct. Civil fruits accrue day by day and the usufructuary is entitled to them regardless of when they are received. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 557 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 557. Possession and use of the things.

The usufructuary takes the things in the state in which they are at the commencement of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 558 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 558. Improvements and alterations

The usufructuary may make improvements and alterations on the property subject to the usufruct at his cost and with the written consent of the naked owner. If the naked owner fails or refuses to give his consent, the usufructuary may, after notice to the naked owner and with the approval of the court, make at his cost those improvements and alterations that a prudent administrator would make. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 559 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 559. Accessories.

The right of usufruct extends to the accessories of the thing at the commencement of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 560 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 560. Trees, stones, and other materials.

The usufructuary may cut trees growing on the land of which he has the usufruct and take stones, sand, and other materials from it, but only for his use or for the improvement or cultivation of the land. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 561 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 561. Mines and quarries.

The rights of the usufructuary and of the naked owner in mines and quarries are governed by the Mineral Code. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 562 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 562. Usufruct of timberlands.

When the usufruct includes timberlands, the usufructuary is bound to manage them as a prudent administrator. The proceeds of timber operations that are derived from proper management of timberlands belong to the usufructuary. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 563 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 563. Alluvion.

The usufruct extends to the increase to the land caused by alluvion or dereliction. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 564 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 564. Treasure.

The usufructuary has no right to the enjoyment of a treasure found in the property of which he has the usufruct. If the usufructuary has found the treasure, he is entitled to keep one-half of it as finder. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 565 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 565. Predial servitudes.

The usufructuary has a right to the enjoyment of predial servitudes due to the estate of which he has the usufruct. When the estate is enclosed within other lands belonging to the grantor of the usufruct, the usufructuary is entitled to a gratuitous right of passage. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 566 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 566. Actions.

The usufructuary may institute against the naked owner or third persons all actions that are necessary to insure the possession, enjoyment, and preservation of his right. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 567 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 567. Contracts affecting the usufructuary's liability

The usufructuary may lease, alienate, or encumber his right. All such contracts cease of right at the end of the usufruct. If the usufructuary leases, alienates, or encumbers his right, he is responsible to the naked owner for the abuse that the person with whom he has contracted makes of the property. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 568 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 568. Disposition of nonconsumable things

The usufructuary may not dispose of nonconsumable things unless the right to do so has been expressly granted to him. Nevertheless, he may dispose of corporeal movables that are gradually and substantially impaired by use, wear, or decay, such as equipment, appliances, and vehicles, provided that he acts as a prudent administrator. The right to dispose of a nonconsumable thing includes the rights to lease, alienate, and encumber the thing. It does not include the right to alienate by donation inter vivos, unless that right is expressly granted. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 1986, No. 203, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 568.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 568.1. Donation and alienation

If a thing subject to the usufruct is donated inter vivos by the usufructuary, he is obligated to pay to the naked owner at the termination of the usufruct the value of the thing as of the time of the donation. If a thing subject to the usufruct is otherwise alienated by the usufructuary, the usufruct attaches to any money or other property received by the usufructuary. The property received shall be classified as consumable or nonconsumable in accordance with the provisions of this Title, and the usufruct shall be governed by those provisions subject to the terms of the act establishing the original usufruct. If, at the time of the alienation, the value of the property received by the usufructuary is less than the value of the thing alienated, the usufructuary is bound to pay the difference to the naked owner at the termination of the usufruct. Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 568.2 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 568.2. Right to lease

The right to dispose of a nonconsumable thing includes the right to lease the thing for a term that extends beyond the termination of the usufruct. If, at the termination of the usufruct, the thing remains subject to the lease, the usufructuary is accountable to the naked owner for any diminution in the value of the thing at that time attributable to the lease. Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 568.3 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 568.3. Requirement to remove encumbrance

If, at the termination of the usufruct, the thing subject to the usufruct is burdened by an encumbrance established by the usufructuary to secure an obligation, the usufructuary is bound to remove the encumbrance. Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 569 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 569. Duties with regard to things gradually or totally impaired

If the usufructuary has not disposed of corporeal movables that are by their nature impaired by use, wear, or decay, he is bound to deliver them to the owner in the state in which they may be at the end of the usufruct. The usufructuary is relieved of this obligation if the things are entirely worn out by normal use, wear, or decay. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 570 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 570. Inventory.

The usufructuary shall cause an inventory to be made of the property subject to the usufruct. In the absence of an inventory the naked owner may prevent the usufructuary's entry into possession of the property. The inventory shall be made in accordance with the rules established in Articles 3131 through 3137 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 571 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 571. Security

The usufructuary shall give security that he will use the property subject to the usufruct as a prudent administrator and that he will faithfully fulfill all the obligations imposed on him by law or by the act that established the usufruct unless security is dispensed with. If security is required, the court may order that it be provided in accordance with law. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2004, No. 158, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 572 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 572. Amount of security.

The security shall be in the amount of the total value of the property subject to the usufruct. The court may increase or reduce the amount of the security, on proper showing, but the amount shall not be less than the value of the movables subject to the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 573 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 573. Dispensation of security

A. Security is dispensed with when any of the following occur: (1) A person has a legal usufruct under Article 223 or 3252. (2) A surviving spouse has a legal usufruct under Article 890 unless the naked owner is not a child of the usufructuary or if the naked owner is a child of the usufructuary and is also a forced heir of the decedent, the naked owner may obtain security but only to the extent of his legitime. (3) A parent has a legal usufruct under Article 891 unless the naked owner is not a child of the usufructuary. (4) A surviving spouse has a legal usufruct under Article 2434 unless the naked owner is a child of the decedent but not a child of the usufructuary. B. A seller or donor of property under reservation of usufruct is not required to give security. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2004, No. 158, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 574 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 574. Delay in giving security

A delay in giving security does not deprive the usufructuary of the fruits derived from the property since the commencement of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 575 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 575. Failure to give security

If the usufructuary does not give security, the court may order that the property be delivered to an administrator appointed in accordance with Articles 3111 through 3113 of the Code of Civil Procedure for administration on behalf of the usufructuary. The administration terminates if the usufructuary gives security. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 576 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 576. Standard of care.

The usufructuary is answerable for losses resulting from his fraud, default, or neglect. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 577 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 577. Liability for repairs

The usufructuary is responsible for ordinary maintenance and repairs for keeping the property subject to the usufruct in good order, whether the need for these repairs arises from accident or force majeure, the normal use of things, or his fault or neglect. The naked owner is responsible for extraordinary repairs, unless they have become necessary as a result of the usufructuary's fault or neglect in which case the usufructuary is bound to make them at his cost. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1. Amended by Acts 1979, No. 157, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 578 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 578. Ordinary and extraordinary repairs.

Extraordinary repairs are those for the reconstruction of the whole or of a substantial part of the property subject to the usufruct. All others are ordinary repairs. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 579 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 579. Rights of action for repairs.

During the existence of the usufruct, the naked owner may compel the usufructuary to make the repairs for which the usufructuary is responsible. The usufructuary may not compel the naked owner to make the extraordinary repairs for which the owner is responsible. If the naked owner refuses to make them, the usufructuary may do so, and he shall be reimbursed without interest by the naked owner at the end of the usufruct.  Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 580 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 580. Reimbursement for necessary repairs

If, after the usufruct commences and before the usufructuary is put in possession, the naked owner incurs necessary expenses or makes repairs for which the usufructuary is responsible, the naked owner has the right to claim the cost from the usufructuary and may retain the possession of the things subject to the usufruct until he is paid. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 581 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 581. Liability for necessary expenses

The usufructuary is answerable for all expenses that become necessary for the preservation and use of the property after the commencement of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 582 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 582. Abandonment of usufruct.

The usufructuary may release himself from the obligation to make repairs by abandoning the usufruct or, with the approval of the court, a portion thereof, even if the owner has instituted suit to compel him to make repairs or bear the expenses of them, and even if the usufructuary has been cast in judgment. He may not release himself from the charges of the enjoyment during the period of his possession, nor from accountability for the damages that he, or persons for whom he is responsible, may have caused. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 583 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 583. Ruin from accident, force majeure, or age

Neither the usufructuary nor the naked owner is bound to restore property that has been totally destroyed through accident, force majeure, or age. If the naked owner elects to restore the property or to make extraordinary repairs, he shall do so within a reasonable time and in the manner least inconvenient and onerous for the usufructuary. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 584 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 584. Periodic charges

The usufructuary is bound to pay the periodic charges, such as property taxes, that may be imposed, during his enjoyment of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 585 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 585. Extraordinary charges.

The usufructuary is bound to pay the extraordinary charges that may be imposed, during the existence of the usufruct, on the property subject to it. If these charges are of a nature to augment the value of the property subject to the usufruct, the naked owner shall reimburse the usufructuary at the end of the usufruct only for the capital expended. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 586 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 586. Liability for debts; usufruct inter vivos

When the usufruct is established inter vivos, the usufructuary is not liable for debts of the grantor, but if the debt is secured by an encumbrance of the thing subject to the usufruct, the thing may be sold for the payment of the debt. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 587 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 587. Liability for debts; usufruct established mortis causa

 When the usufruct is established mortis causa, the usufructuary is not liable for estate debts, but the property subject to the usufruct may be sold for the payment of estate debts, in accordance with the rules provided for the payment of the debt of an estate in Book III of this Code. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 588 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 588. Discharge of debt on encumbered property; usufruct established inter vivos

 When property subject to a usufruct established inter vivos is encumbered to secure a debt before the commencement of the usufruct, the usufructuary may advance the funds needed to discharge the indebtedness. If he does so, the naked owner shall reimburse the usufructuary, without interest, at the termination of the usufruct, for the principal of the debt the usufructuary has discharged, and for any interest the usufructuary has paid that had accrued on the debt before the commencement of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 589 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 589. Discharge of debt on encumbered property by mortis causa usufructuary

 If the usufructuary of a usufruct established mortis causa advances funds to discharge an estate debt charged to the property subject to the usufruct, the naked owner shall reimburse the usufructuary, without interest, at the termination of the usufruct, but only to the extent of the principal of the debt he has discharged and for any interest he has paid that had accrued on the debt before the commencement of the usufruct. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 590 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 590. Encumbered property; discharge of debt on encumbered property by naked owner

If the usufructuary fails or refuses to advance the funds needed to discharge a debt secured by property subject to the usufruct, or an estate debt that is charged to the property subject to the usufruct, the naked owner may advance the funds needed. If he does so, the naked owner may demand that the usufructuary pay him interest during the period of the usufruct. If the naked owner does not advance the funds, he may demand that all or part of the property be sold as needed to discharge the debt. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. July 2, 2010.