reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
12 V.S.A. § 1695
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1695. Records of births, civil marriages, and deaths

§ 1695. Records of births, civil marriages, and deaths|(a) A record of births, civil marriages, or deaths required by law to be kept or any certified copy thereof, shall not be competent evidence in any trial to prove a fact stated therein, except the fact of birth, civil marriage, or death.(b) "Fact of birth" shall include only the name of the child born, the sex thereof, the place and date of the birth, the name of the father, and the maiden name of the mother, except that in bastardy proceedings a birth certificate shall not be evidence to prove the identity of the father.(c) "Fact of civil marriage" shall include only the name of the parties to the civil marriage, the place and date of the civil marriage ceremony, and the name of the clergy or magistrate officiating at such ceremony.(d) "Fact of death" shall include only the names of the deceased person, his or her sex, and the date and place of his or her death.
12 V.S.A. § 1696
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1696. Foreign records- births, marriages, and deaths

§ 1696. Foreign records- births, marriages, and deaths|A copy of the record of a birth, death, or marriage in another state or foreign country, certified under oath to be a true copy thereof, by a person who certifies under oath that he or she is the legal custodian of such record and that the laws of such state or foreign country require such birth, death, or marriage to be recorded, shall be received in the courts of this State as prima facie evidence of such birth, death, or marriage.
12 V.S.A. § 1697
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1697. Deeds, mortgages, and other public records

§ 1697. Deeds, mortgages, and other public records|A copy of the record of a deed, mortgage, or public record of another state or foreign country shall be received by the courts of this State as prima facie evidence of such document, if such copy is certified under oath to be a true copy thereof by a person who certifies under oath that he or she is the legal custodian thereof, and that the laws of such state or foreign country require such document to be recorded.
12 V.S.A. § 1698
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1698. Judgments

§ 1698. Judgments|A copy of the record of a judgment of a court of another state or foreign country shall be received by the courts of this State as prima facie evidence of such judgment, if such copy is certified under oath by the clerk of the court rendering such judgment to be a true copy thereof, that he or she is the legal custodian thereof, that the laws of such state or foreign country require such judgment to be recorded, and with a certificate under the seal of such court that he or she is such clerk or if without a seal, to be so certified.
12 V.S.A. § 1699
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1699. Foreign laws and decisions; determination by court

§ 1699. Foreign laws and decisions; determination by court|The statutes, laws, and decisions of another state may be evidenced, prima facie, in the courts of this State by a printed copy of the laws, which purports to be published by the authority of the other state. The determination of the laws shall be made by the court and not by the jury and shall be reviewable. (Amended 2021, No. 53, § 3.)
12 V.S.A. § 1700
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1700. Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act

§ 1700. Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act|(a) The term "business," as used in subsection (b) of this section, shall include every kind of business, profession, occupation, calling, or operation of institutions, whether carried on for profit or not.(b) A record of an act, condition, or event shall, in so far as relevant, be competent evidence if the custodian or other qualified witness testifies to its identity and the mode of its preparation, and if it was made in the regular course of business, at or near the time of the act, condition, or event, and if, in the opinion of the court, the sources of information, method, and time of preparation were such as to justify its admission.(c) This section shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate the general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.
12 V.S.A. § 1701
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1701. Uniform Photographic Copies of Business and Public Records as Evidence Act

§ 1701. Uniform Photographic Copies of Business and Public Records as Evidence Act|(a) If any business, institution, member of a profession or calling, or any department or agency of government, in the regular course of business or activity has kept or recorded any memorandum, writing, entry, print, representation, or combination thereof, of any act, transaction, occurrence, or event, and in the regular course of business has caused any or all of the same to be recorded, copied, or reproduced by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic, or other process which accurately reproduces or forms a durable medium for so reproducing the original, the original may be destroyed in the regular course of business unless held in a custodial or fiduciary capacity or unless its preservation is required by law. Such reproduction, when satisfactorily identified, is as admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding whether the original is in existence or not and an enlargement or facsimile of such reproduction is likewise admissible in evidence if the original reproduction is in existence and available for inspection under direction of court. The introduction of a reproduced record, enlargement, or facsimile does not preclude admission of the original.(b) This section shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose of making uniform the law of those states which enact it.
12 V.S.A. § 1702
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1702. Missing persons- finding of presumed death under Federal Missing Persons Act

§ 1702. Missing persons- finding of presumed death under Federal Missing Persons Act|A written finding of presumed death, made by the officer or employee of the United States authorized to make such finding, pursuant to the Federal Missing Persons Act, as now or hereafter amended, or a duly certified copy of such finding, shall be received in any court, office, or other place in this State as evidence of the death of the person therein found to be dead, and of the date, circumstances, and place of his or her disappearance.
12 V.S.A. § 1703
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1703. Report as to status

§ 1703. Report as to status|An official written report or a record or duly certified copy thereof, made by such officer or employee, that a person is missing, missing in action, interned in a neutral country, beleaguered, besieged, or captured by an enemy, or is dead or is alive, shall be received in any court, office, or other place in this State as evidence that such person's status is as stated therein at the time of such report.
12 V.S.A. § 1704
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1704. Finding or report as prima facie evidence

§ 1704. Finding or report as prima facie evidence|For the purposes of sections 1702-1704 of this title any finding, report, or record, or duly certified copy thereof, purporting to have been signed by such an officer or employee of the United States as is described in section 1702 of this title, shall prima facie be deemed to have been signed and issued by such an officer or employee pursuant to law, and the person signing same shall prima facie be deemed to have acted within the scope of his or her authority. If a copy purports to have been certified by a person authorized by law to certify the same, such certified copy shall be prima facie evidence of his or her authority so to certify.
12 V.S.A. § 1705
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 63 - Records and Other Documents|§ 1705. HIV-related testing information

§ 1705. HIV-related testing information|(a) No court of this State shall issue an order requiring the disclosure of individually-identifiable HIV-related testing or counseling information unless the court finds that the person seeking the information has demonstrated a compelling need for it that cannot be accommodated by other means. In assessing compelling need, the court shall weigh the need for disclosure against the privacy interest of the test subject and the public interest which may be disserved by disclosure which deters future testing or which may lead to discrimination.(b) Pleadings pertaining to disclosure of HIV-related testing and counseling information shall substitute a pseudonym for the true name of the subject of the test. The subject's true name shall be communicated confidentially to the court and those parties who have a compelling need to know the subject's true name. All documents filed with the court which identify the subject's true name shall not be disclosed to any person other than those parties who have a compelling need to know the subject's true name and the subject of the test. All such documents shall be sealed upon the conclusion of proceedings under this section.(c) Before granting any such order, the court shall provide the individual whose test information is in question with notice and a reasonable opportunity to participate in the proceedings if he or she is not already a party.(d) Court proceedings as to disclosure of counseling and testing information shall be conducted in camera unless the subject of the test agrees to a hearing in open court or unless the court determines that a public hearing is necessary to the public interest and the proper administration of justice.(e) Upon issuance of an order to disclose test results, the court shall impose appropriate safeguards against unauthorized disclosure, which shall specify the persons who may have access to the information, the purposes for which the information shall be used, and appropriate prohibitions on future disclosure. (Added 1987, No. 194 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
12 V.S.A. § 1901
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1901. Exclusion of public

§ 1901. Exclusion of public|When a cause of scandalous or obscene nature is on trial, the presiding judge or the justice shall exclude therefrom all minors, unless necessarily present as parties or witnesses, and in his or her discretion, may exclude all persons not so present.
12 V.S.A. § 1905
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1905. Eminent domain; findings of damages; instructions to jury

§ 1905. Eminent domain; findings of damages; instructions to jury|A trier of fact in proceedings to determine damages due the owner of land taken by a governmental body by eminent domain shall find separately the value of each element thereof specified in 19 V.S.A. § 501(2). When a judge submits the determination thereof to a jury, he or she shall instruct the jury that they shall bring in a special verdict on each of those elements involved in the case. (1961, No. 179.)
12 V.S.A. § 1908
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1908. Burden of proof

§ 1908. Burden of proof|For the purpose of this section, malpractice shall mean professional medical negligence comprised of the elements listed herein. In a malpractice action based on the negligence of the personnel of a hospital, a physician licensed under 26 V.S.A. chapter 23, a dentist licensed under 26 V.S.A. chapter 13, a podiatrist licensed under 26 V.S.A. chapter 7, a chiropractor licensed under 26 V.S.A. chapter 9, a nurse licensed under 26 V.S.A. chapter 27, or an osteopathic physician licensed under 26 V.S.A. chapter 33, the plaintiff shall have the burden of proving:  (1) the degree of knowledge or skill possessed or the degree of care ordinarily exercised by a reasonably skillful, careful, and prudent health care professional engaged in a similar practice under the same or similar circumstances whether or not within the State of Vermont; (2) that the defendant either lacked this degree of knowledge or skill or failed to exercise this degree of care; and (3) that as a proximate result of this lack of knowledge or skill or the failure to exercise this degree of care the plaintiff suffered injuries that would not otherwise have been incurred. (Added 1975, No. 250 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 7, 1976.)
12 V.S.A. § 1909
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1909. Limitation of medical malpractice action based on lack of informed consent

§ 1909. Limitation of medical malpractice action based on lack of informed consent|(a) For the purpose of this section, "lack of informed consent" means:  (1) the failure of the person providing the professional treatment or diagnosis to disclose to the patient such alternatives thereto and the reasonably foreseeable risks and benefits involved as a reasonable medical practitioner under similar circumstances would have disclosed, in a manner permitting the patient to make a knowledgeable evaluation; or (2) the failure to disclose the information required by subsection (d) of this section.   (b) The right of action to recover for medical malpractice based on a lack of informed consent shall not apply in the case of an emergency.(c) It shall be a defense to any action for medical malpractice based upon an alleged failure to obtain such an informed consent that:  (1) the risk not disclosed is too commonly known to require disclosure and that the risk is not substantial; (2) the patient assured the medical practitioner he or she would undergo the treatment, procedure or diagnosis regardless of the risk involved, or the patient indicated to the medical practitioner that he or she did not want to be informed of the matters to which he or she would be entitled to be informed; (3) consent by or on behalf of the patient was not reasonably possible; or (4) a reasonably prudent person in the patient's position would have undergone the treatment or diagnosis if he or she had been fully informed.   (d) A patient shall be entitled to a reasonable answer to any specific question about foreseeable risks and benefits, and a medical practitioner shall not withhold any requested information.(e) A motion for judgment for the defendant at the end of plaintiff's case must be granted as to any cause of action for medical malpractice based solely on lack of informed consent if the plaintiff has failed to adduce expert medical testimony in support of the allegation that he or she was not provided sufficient information as required by subdivision (a)(1) of this section. (Added 1975, No. 250 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 7, 1976; 2009, No. 25, § 5.)
12 V.S.A. § 1912
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1912. Expression of regret or apology by health care provider inadmissible

§ 1912. Expression of regret or apology by health care provider inadmissible|(a) An oral expression of regret or apology, including any oral good faith explanation of how a medical error occurred, made by or on behalf of a health care provider or health care facility, that is provided within 30 days of when the provider or facility knew or should have known of the consequences of the error, does not constitute a legal admission of liability for any purpose and shall be inadmissible in any civil or administrative proceeding against the health care provider or health care facility, including any arbitration or mediation proceeding.(b) In any civil or administrative proceeding against a health care provider or health care facility, including any arbitration or mediation proceeding, the health care provider, health care facility, or any other person who makes an oral expression of regret or apology, including any oral good faith explanation of how a medical error occurred, on behalf of the provider or facility, that is provided within 30 days of when the provider or facility knew or should have known of the consequences of the potential adverse outcome, may not be examined by deposition or otherwise with respect to the expression of regret, apology, or explanation.(c) As used in this section:  (1) "Health care facility" shall have the same meaning as in 18 V.S.A. § 9402(6). (2) "Health care provider" shall have the same meaning as in 18 V.S.A. § 9402(7).   (d) The liability protections afforded by subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not be construed to limit access to information that is otherwise discoverable.(e) This section shall apply only to medical errors that occur on or after July 1, 2006. (Added 2005, No. 142 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
12 V.S.A. § 1941
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1941. Jury challenges; peremptory and for cause

§ 1941. Jury challenges; peremptory and for cause|Upon the trial of a cause in any court, each party, including the State, may peremptorily challenge six jurors and any further number for cause.
12 V.S.A. § 1943
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1943. Confinement and care of jury

§ 1943. Confinement and care of jury|When the court has committed a cause to its consideration, the jury shall be confined until it agrees on a verdict or is discharged. While so confined, the jury shall be under the care of an officer appointed by the court and sworn for that purpose.
12 V.S.A. § 1944
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1944. Appointment of jury foreman

§ 1944. Appointment of jury foreman|In the trial of a cause in the Superior Court by jury, the court shall appoint one of the jurors foreman at the time such cause is submitted. (Amended 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974.)
12 V.S.A. § 1945
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1945. Return of jury for further consideration

§ 1945. Return of jury for further consideration|If the judges of the Superior Court before whom a cause is tried consider that the jury has mistaken the law or evidence material to the issue or has not paid proper attention thereto, they may cause it to return to a second and third consideration of the cause. If the jury does not alter or retract its verdict, the same shall be received. (Amended 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974.)
12 V.S.A. § 1947
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1947. Treating jurors; new trial

§ 1947. Treating jurors; new trial|A verdict shall be set aside and a new trial granted on proof that a party in whose favor such verdict is rendered and during the same term of court, gives to a juror, knowing him or her to be a juror in the cause, victuals or drink or procures it to be done by way of treat either before or after such verdict.
12 V.S.A. § 1948
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 81 - Conduct of Trial|§ 1948. View of premises by jury

§ 1948. View of premises by jury|When on the trial of a cause in the Superior Court for damages to real estate, or in an action in which the title to land is concerned, it is necessary that a view be had of the premises, on motion of either party, the court may grant such view at the expense of the party making the motion. (Amended 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974.)
12 V.S.A. § 2131
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 85 - Costs|§ 2131. Costs in Supreme Court

§ 2131. Costs in Supreme Court|In all causes of a civil nature disposed of in the Supreme Court, the prevailing party shall be entitled to costs, unless in its discretion, the Court shall apportion costs as equity may require.
12 V.S.A. § 2136
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 85 - Costs|§ 2136. Costs in Supreme and Superior Courts when nominal damages are recovered

§ 2136. Costs in Supreme and Superior Courts when nominal damages are recovered|When the plaintiff in an action in Superior or Supreme Court recovers judgment for a nominal sum for debt or damages, in its discretion, the court may make such order in respect to plaintiff's costs as is equitable, but not to exceed his or her taxable costs. (Amended 1965, No. 194, § 10, eff. July 1, 1965, operative Feb. 1, 1967; 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974; 2009, No. 154 (Adj. Sess.), § 72.)
12 V.S.A. § 2137
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 85 - Costs|§ 2137. Costs exceeding damages

§ 2137. Costs exceeding damages|Unless the plaintiff recovers more than $7.00 damages in actions for trespass on the freehold, other than those in which the right of title or possession of real estate comes in question, actions for slanderous words, actions for assault and battery and actions for false imprisonment, commenced before a District or Superior Court, he or she shall not recover more costs than damages. In such actions for trespass on the freehold or for assault and battery, if the court is of opinion that the trespass was willful and malicious, and so certifies, the plaintiff shall recover full costs. (Amended 1965, No. 194, § 10, eff. July 1, 1965, operative Feb. 1, 1967; 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974.)
12 V.S.A. § 2139
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 85 - Costs|§ 2139. Tender of confession of judgment

§ 2139. Tender of confession of judgment|When a debtor, before or after an action is commenced, tenders to the creditor or to his or her agent or attorney holding the obligation or account against such debtor, a confession of judgment before a district judge for the amount of the debt and costs then accrued, and such tender is refused, the creditor shall not recover the costs made after such tender in procuring judgment for his or her debt. (Amended 1965, No. 194, § 10, eff. July 1, 1965, operative Feb. 1, 1967; 1973, No. 249 (Adj. Sess.), § 17, eff. April 9, 1974.)
12 V.S.A. § 2142
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 85 - Costs|§ 2142. Apportioning costs in case of several issues or claims

§ 2142. Apportioning costs in case of several issues or claims|When an action pending in a District or Superior Court or in the Supreme Court involves the trial of several and distinct issues or of several and distinct claims, in taxing the costs, the court shall allow to each party the costs accruing upon the issues or claims upon which he or she prevails. (Amended 1965, No. 194, § 10, eff. July 1, 1965, operative Feb. 1, 1967; 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974.)
12 V.S.A. § 2143
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 85 - Costs|§ 2143. Actions which might have been joined

§ 2143. Actions which might have been joined|If more than one action founded on a joint and several contract, or on different contracts between the same parties, are pending in a court at the same time, in its discretion, the court shall allow only such costs as are equitable between the parties.
12 V.S.A. § 2144
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 12 - Court Procedure|Chapter 85 - Costs|§ 2144. Two judgments at one term; motion to chancer or redeem

§ 2144. Two judgments at one term; motion to chancer or redeem|Unless there is a hearing on motion for a new trial, costs shall not be taxed for two judgments in one action at the same term nor shall costs be taxed on a motion to chancer or redeem, other than as provided by law.