reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Penal Code § 71.028 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Penal Code|Title 11 - Organized Crime|Chapter 71 - Organized Crime|Section 71.028. Gang-Free Zones

Sec. 71.028.  GANG-FREE ZONES.  (a)  In this section:(1)  "General residential operation" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code.(2)  "Institution of higher education," "playground," "premises," "school," "video arcade facility," and "youth center" have the meanings assigned by Section 481.134, Health and Safety Code.(3)  "Shopping mall" means an enclosed public walkway or hall area that connects retail, service, or professional establishments.(b)  This section applies to an offense listed in Section 71.02(a)(1), (4), or (7), other than burglary, theft, burglary of a motor vehicle, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle.(c)  Except as provided by Subsection (d), the punishment prescribed for an offense described by Subsection (b) is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense if the actor is 17 years of age or older and it is shown beyond a reasonable doubt on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense at a location that was:(1)  in, on, or within 1,000 feet of any:(A)  real property that is owned, rented, or leased by a school or school board;(B)  premises owned, rented, or leased by an institution of higher education;(C)  premises of a public or private youth center;(D)  playground; or (E)  general residential operation operating as a residential treatment center;(2)  in, on, or within 300 feet of any:(A)  shopping mall;(B)  movie theater;(C)  premises of a public swimming pool; or(D)  premises of a video arcade facility; or(3)  on a school bus.(d)  The punishment for an offense described by Subsection (b) may not be increased under this section if the offense is punishable under Section 71.02 as a felony of the first degree.|Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009.Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 26, eff. September 1, 2021.Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 27, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Penal Code § 71.029 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Penal Code|Title 11 - Organized Crime|Chapter 71 - Organized Crime|Section 71.029. Maps as Evidence of Location or Area

Sec. 71.029.  MAPS AS EVIDENCE OF LOCATION OR AREA.  (a)  In a prosecution of an offense for which punishment is increased under Section 71.028, a map produced or reproduced by a municipal or county engineer for the purpose of showing the location and boundaries of gang-free zones is admissible in evidence and is prima facie evidence of the location or boundaries of those zones if the governing body of the municipality or county adopts a resolution or ordinance approving the map as an official finding and record of the location or boundaries of those zones.(b)  A municipal or county engineer may, on request of the governing body of the municipality or county, revise a map that has been approved by the governing body of the municipality or county as provided by Subsection (a).(c)  A municipal or county engineer shall file the original or a copy of every approved or revised map approved as provided by Subsection (a) with the county clerk of each county in which the zone is located.(d)  This section does not prevent the prosecution from:(1)  introducing or relying on any other evidence or testimony to establish any element of an offense for which punishment is increased under Section 71.028; or(2)  using or introducing any other map or diagram otherwise admissible under the Texas Rules of Evidence.|Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Penal Code § 71.03 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Penal Code|Title 11 - Organized Crime|Chapter 71 - Organized Crime|Section 71.03. Defenses Excluded

Sec. 71.03.  DEFENSES EXCLUDED.  It is no defense to prosecution under Section 71.02 that:(1)  one or more members of the combination are not criminally responsible for the object offense;(2)  one or more members of the combination have been acquitted, have not been prosecuted or convicted, have been convicted of a different offense, or are immune from prosecution;(3)  a person has been charged with, acquitted, or convicted of any offense listed in Subsection (a) of Section 71.02;  or(4)  once the initial combination of three or more persons is formed there is a change in the number or identity of persons in the combination as long as two or more persons remain in the combination and are involved in a continuing course of conduct constituting an offense under this chapter.|Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977.  Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.|
TX Penal Code § 71.04 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Penal Code|Title 11 - Organized Crime|Chapter 71 - Organized Crime|Section 71.04. Testimonial Immunity

Sec. 71.04.  TESTIMONIAL IMMUNITY.  (a)  A party to an offense under this chapter may be required to furnish evidence or testify about the offense.(b)  No evidence or testimony required to be furnished under the provisions of this section nor any information directly or indirectly derived from such evidence or testimony may be used against the witness in any criminal case, except a prosecution for aggravated perjury or contempt.|Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977.  Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.|
TX Penal Code § 71.05 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Penal Code|Title 11 - Organized Crime|Chapter 71 - Organized Crime|Section 71.05. Renunciation Defense

Sec. 71.05.  RENUNCIATION DEFENSE.  (a)  It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Section 71.02 that under circumstances manifesting a voluntary and complete renunciation of the actor's criminal objective, the actor withdrew from the combination before commission of an offense listed in Section 71.02(a) and took further affirmative action that prevented the commission of the offense.(b)  For the purposes of this section and Subsection (d) of Section 71.02, renunciation is not voluntary if it is motivated in whole or in part:(1)  by circumstances not present or apparent at the inception of the actor's course of conduct that increase the probability of detection or apprehension or that make more difficult the accomplishment of the objective;  or(2)  by a decision to postpone the criminal conduct until another time or to transfer the criminal act to another but similar objective or victim.(c)  Evidence that the defendant withdrew from the combination before commission of an offense listed in Section 71.02(a) and made substantial effort to prevent the commission of an offense listed in Section 71.02(a) shall be admissible as mitigation at the hearing on punishment if the actor has been found guilty under Section 71.02, and in the event of a finding of renunciation under this subsection, the punishment shall be one grade lower than that provided under Section 71.02.|Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977.  Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2374, ch. 587, Sec. 4, 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1981;  Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 761, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1993;  Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1200 (S.B. 158), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011.Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1200 (S.B. 158), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011.|
TX Prop § 1.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Section 1.001. Purpose of Code

Sec. 1.001.  PURPOSE OF CODE.  (a)  This code is enacted as a part of the state's continuing statutory revision program begun by the Texas Legislative Council in 1963 as directed by the legislature in Chapter 448, Acts of the 58th Legislature, Regular Session, 1963 (Article 5429b-1, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes).  The program contemplates a topic-by-topic revision of the state's general and permanent statute law without substantive change.(b)  Consistent with the objectives of the statutory revision program, the purpose of this code is to make the law encompassed by this code more accessible and understandable by:(1)  rearranging the statutes into a more logical order;(2)  employing a format and numbering system designed to facilitate citation of the law and to accommodate future expansion of the law;(3)  eliminating repealed, duplicative, unconstitutional, expired, executed, and other ineffective provisions;  and(4)  restating the law in modern American English to the greatest extent possible.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3478, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 1.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Section 1.002. Construction of Code

Sec. 1.002.  CONSTRUCTION OF CODE.  The Code Construction Act (Chapter 311, Government Code) applies to the construction of each provision in this code, except as otherwise expressly provided by this code.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3478, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 479, Sec. 70, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.|
TX Prop § 1.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Section 1.003. Internal References

Sec. 1.003.  INTERNAL REFERENCES.  In this code:(1)  a reference to a title, chapter, or section without further identification is a reference to a title, chapter, or section of this code;  and(2)  a reference to a subtitle, subchapter, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, or other numbered or lettered unit without further identification is a reference to a unit of the next larger unit of this code in which the reference appears.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3479, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 2.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2 - Nature of Property|Section 2.001. Manufactured Housing

Sec. 2.001.  MANUFACTURED HOUSING.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (b), a manufactured home is personal property.(b)  A manufactured home is real property if:(1)  the statement of ownership and location for the home issued under Section 1201.207, Occupations Code, reflects that the owner has elected to treat the home as real property;  and(2)  a certified copy of the statement of ownership and location has been filed in the real property records in the county in which the home is located.(c)  In this section, "consumer," "document of title," "first retail sale," "manufactured home," and "mobile home" have the meanings assigned by Chapter 1201, Occupations Code.(d)  to (h) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 338, Sec. 52(2).(i)  This section does not require a retailer or retailer's agent to obtain a license under Chapter 1101, Occupations Code.|Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 978, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.  Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 899, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001;  Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1055, Sec. 5, eff. Jan. 1, 2002;  Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 338, Sec. 41 to 43, 52(2), eff. June 18, 2003;  Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1276, Sec. 14A.802, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.|
TX Prop § 2.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2 - Nature of Property|Section 2.002. Dry Fire Hydrants: Agreement Is Personal

Sec. 2.002.  DRY FIRE HYDRANTS:  AGREEMENT IS PERSONAL.  (a)  An agreement between an owner, lessee, or occupant of real property and a fire-fighting agency relating to the connection of a dry fire hydrant to a source of water on the property or the installation of a dry fire hydrant on the property may not bind a subsequent owner, lessee, or occupant of the real property.(b)  In this section:(1)  "Dry fire hydrant" means a fire hydrant that is connected to a stock tank, pond, or other similar source of water from which water is pumped in case of fire.(2)  "Fire-fighting agency" means any entity that provides fire-fighting services, including:(A)  a volunteer fire department;  and(B)  a political subdivision of this state authorized to provide fire-fighting services.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 437, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Prop § 11.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.001. Place of Recording

Sec. 11.001.  PLACE OF RECORDING.  (a)  To be effectively recorded, an instrument relating to real property must be eligible for recording and must be recorded in the county in which a part of the property is located.  However, if such an instrument grants a security interest by a utility as defined in Section 261.001, Business & Commerce Code, the instrument may be recorded as required by Sections 261.004 and 261.006 of that code, and if such instrument is so recorded, the lien and the secured interest created by such instrument shall be deemed perfected for all purposes.(b)  If an instrument has been recorded in a proper county, the subsequent creation of a new county containing property conveyed or encumbered by the instrument does not affect the recording's validity or effect as notice.  The county court of the new county shall at its own expense:(1)  obtain a certified transcript of the record of all instruments conveying or encumbering property in the new county;(2)  deposit the transcript for public inspection in the recorder's office of the new county;  and(3)  make an index of the transcript.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3486, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 999, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 28, 1989.Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 2278), Sec. 2.32, eff. April 1, 2009.|
TX Prop § 11.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.002. English Language

Sec. 11.002.  ENGLISH LANGUAGE.  (a)  An instrument relating to real or personal property may not be recorded unless it is in English or complies with this section.(b)  An authenticated instrument not in English that was executed before August 22, 1897, may be recorded and operate as constructive notice from the date of filing if:(1)  a correct English translation is recorded with the original instrument;  and(2)  the accuracy of the translation is sworn to before an officer authorized to administer oaths.(c)  An instrument acknowledged outside the United States or its territories in accordance with Section 121.001(c)(3), Civil Practice and Remedies Code, that contains a certificate, stamp, or seal of a notary public or other official before whom the acknowledgment was taken or an apostille relating to the acknowledgment, any portion of which is not in English, may be recorded and operate as constructive notice from the date of filing if:(1)  a correct English translation of any non-English portion of the certificate, stamp, seal, or apostille is recorded with the original instrument;(2)  the accuracy of the translation is sworn to before an officer authorized to administer oaths;  and(3)  any apostille relating to the acknowledgment complies with the Hague Convention dated October 5, 1961, titled Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3486, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 891, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.|
TX Prop § 11.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.003. Grantee's Address

Sec. 11.003.  GRANTEE'S ADDRESS.  (a)  An instrument executed after December 31, 1981, conveying an interest in real property may not be recorded unless:(1)  a mailing address of each grantee appears in the instrument or in a separate writing signed by the grantor or grantee and attached to the instrument;  or(2)  a penalty filing fee equal to the greater of $25 or twice the statutory recording fee for the instrument is paid.(b)  The validity of a conveyance as between the parties is not affected by a failure to include an address of each grantee in the instrument or an attached writing.(c)  Payment of a filing fee and acceptance of the instrument by the county clerk for recording creates a conclusive presumption that the requirements of this section have been met.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3487, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 11.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.004. Duty of Recorder

Sec. 11.004.  DUTY OF RECORDER.  (a)  A county clerk shall:(1)  correctly record, as required by law, within a reasonable time after delivery, any instrument authorized or required to be recorded in that clerk's office that is proved, acknowledged, or sworn to according to law; (2)  give a receipt, as required by law, for an instrument delivered for recording; (3)  record instruments relating to the same property in the order the instruments are filed;  and(4)  provide and keep in the clerk's office the indexes required by law.(b)  A county clerk who violates a provision of this section and the sureties on the clerk's bond are liable for damages and, on motion in district court and after three days' notice to the clerk, for a civil penalty of not more than $500, half of which is payable to the county and half to the person who files the motion.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3487, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 162, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.|
TX Prop § 11.0041 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.0041. Review of Certain Instruments in Certain Counties

Sec. 11.0041.  REVIEW OF CERTAIN INSTRUMENTS IN CERTAIN COUNTIES.  (a)  This section applies only to the county clerk of a county:(1)  that:(A)  is located on the international border; and(B)  has a population of less than 15,000;(2)  in which a colonia self-help center established under Section 2306.582, Government Code, is located; or(3)  that is served by a colonia self-help center described by Subdivision (2) in another county.(b)  Before accepting an instrument conveying real property for filing, the county clerk may send the instrument to the county attorney for review under this section.  Not later than five business days after the date the county attorney receives an instrument under this subsection, the county attorney shall:(1)  review the instrument to determine whether the platting requirements prescribed by Sections 232.023, 232.025, and 232.031, Local Government Code, have been satisfied; and(2)  return the instrument to the county clerk with a statement of the county attorney's determination under Subdivision (1).(c)  Notwithstanding Section 11.004(a), the county clerk shall immediately notify the party that presented the instrument for recording that:(1)  the clerk is referring the instrument to the county attorney for review;(2)  the instrument will not be immediately recorded; and(3)  the clerk is not required to file an instrument the county attorney determines the clerk is not required to file.|Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1176 (H.B. 3479), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Prop § 11.005 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.005. Judgment Proving an Instrument or Correcting a Certificate

Sec. 11.005.  JUDGMENT PROVING AN INSTRUMENT OR CORRECTING A CERTIFICATE.  (a)  A person interested under an instrument that may be proved for record may bring an action in district court for a judgment proving the instrument.(b)  A person interested under a defectively certified instrument for which acknowledgement or proof of execution has been properly made may bring an action in district court for a judgment correcting the certificate.(c)  If a certified copy of a judgment in a suit under this section that shows proof of an instrument is attached to the instrument, the instrument may be recorded with the same effect as if it were acknowledged.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3488, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 11.006 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.006. Instrument Affecting Title to Land in Archer County

Sec. 11.006.  INSTRUMENT AFFECTING TITLE TO LAND IN ARCHER COUNTY.  An instrument that in any manner affects title to land in Archer County, Texas, but was recorded in Jack County on or after August 10, 1866, but no later than August 10, 1870, and was made under the hand and seal of the county clerk of Shackelford County, is admissible in evidence in any suit in which secondary evidence is admissible.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3488, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 11.007 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 11 - Provisions Generally Applicable to Public Records|Section 11.007. Effect of Citation to Real Property Records

Sec. 11.007.  EFFECT OF CITATION TO REAL PROPERTY RECORDS.  A reference in an instrument to the volume and page number, film code number, or county clerk file number of the "real property records" (or other words of similar import) for a particular county is equivalent to a reference to the deed records, deed of trust records, or other specific records, for the purpose of providing effective notice to all persons of the existence of the referenced instrument.|Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 161, Sec. 1, eff. May 25, 1989.  Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 205, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 26, 1991.|
TX Prop § 12.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 3 - Public Records|Chapter 12 - Recording of Instruments|Section 12.001. Instruments Concerning Property

Sec. 12.001.  INSTRUMENTS CONCERNING PROPERTY.  (a)  An instrument concerning real or personal property may be recorded if it has been acknowledged, sworn to with a proper jurat, or proved according to law.(b)  An instrument conveying real property may not be recorded unless it is signed and acknowledged or sworn to by the grantor in the presence of two or more credible subscribing witnesses or acknowledged or sworn to before and certified by an officer authorized to take acknowledgements or oaths, as applicable.(c)  This section does not require the acknowledgement or swearing or prohibit the recording of a financing statement, a security agreement filed as a financing statement, or a continuation statement filed for record under the Business & Commerce Code.(d)  The failure of a notary public to attach an official seal to an acknowledgment, a jurat, or other proof taken outside this state but inside the United States or its territories renders the acknowledgment, jurat, or other proof invalid only if the jurisdiction in which the acknowledgment, jurat, or other proof is taken requires the notary public to attach the seal.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3489, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 162, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989;  Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 2, eff. June 14, 1995.|