reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 54.1-2342 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.1 - Cemetery Operators, Perpetual Care Trust Funds and Preneed Burial Contracts|§ 54.1-2342. Penalties

Any person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to the sanctions provided in Chapter 1 (§ 54.1-100 et seq.) and Chapter 2 (§ 54.1-200 et seq.) and in §§ 54.1-2314, 54.1-2317, and 54.1-2326. Any person who is convicted of willfully violating any of the provisions of this chapter is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Any person convicted of violating, or failing to comply with, any of the provisions of § 54.1-2317, 54.1-2319, 54.1-2321, 54.1-2322, 54.1-2325 or 54.1-2326 with the intent to defraud is guilty of a Class 6 felony.For the purposes of this section, "person" includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, instrumentality, officer or employee thereof.1998, cc. 708, 721; 2005, c. 691.
VA Code § 54.1-2343 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.2 - Fair Housing Board|§ 54.1-2343. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Board" means the Fair Housing Board."Fair Housing Law" means the provisions of Chapter 5.1 (§ 36-96.1 et seq.) of Title 36."Person in the business or activity of selling or renting dwellings" means any person who is the owner of any combination of residential dwelling units occupied by five or more families. "Person in the business or activity of selling or renting dwellings" shall not include any person involved in the sale of a dwelling or interest therein pursuant to a deed of trust, or in full or partial satisfaction of a debt that was secured by such dwelling or interest therein, or other lien on such property.2003, c. 575; 2010, cc. 457, 620.
VA Code § 54.1-2345.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2345.1. Certain real estate arrangements and covenants not deemed to constitute a common interest community

A. An arrangement between the associations for two or more common interest communities to share the costs of real estate taxes, insurance premiums, services, maintenance, or improvements of real estate, or other activities specified in their arrangement or declarations does not create a separate common interest community, or an arrangement between an association and the owner of real estate that is not part of a common interest community to share the costs of real estate taxes, insurance premiums, services, maintenance, or improvements of real estate, or other activities specified in their arrangement does not create a separate common interest community. Assessments against the lots in the common interest community required by such arrangement shall be included in the periodic budget for the common interest community, and the arrangement shall be disclosed in all required public offering statements and disclosure packets.B. A covenant requiring the owners of separately owned parcels of real estate to share costs or other obligations associated with a party wall, driveway, well, or other similar use does not create a common interest community unless the owners otherwise agree to create such community.2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2347 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2347. Exceptions and exemptions generally

A. The provisions of this article shall not be construed to prevent or prohibit:1. An employee of a duly licensed common interest community manager from providing management services within the scope of the employee's employment by the duly licensed common interest community manager;2. An employee of an association from providing management services for that association's common interest community;3. A resident of a common interest community acting without compensation from providing management services for that common interest community;4. A resident of a common interest community from providing bookkeeping, billing, or recordkeeping services for that common interest community for compensation, provided the blanket fidelity bond or employee dishonesty insurance policy maintained by the association insures the association against losses resulting from theft or dishonesty committed by such person;5. A member of the governing board of an association acting without compensation from providing management services for that association's common interest community;6. A person acting as a receiver or trustee in bankruptcy in the performance of his duties as such or any person acting under order of any court from providing management services for a common interest community;7. A duly licensed attorney-at-law from representing an association or a common interest community manager in any business that constitutes the practice of law;8. A duly licensed certified public accountant from providing bookkeeping or accounting services to an association or a common interest community manager;9. A duly licensed real estate broker or agent from selling, leasing, renting, or managing lots within a common interest community; or10. An association, exchange agent, exchange company, managing agent, or managing entity of a time-share project registered pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.) from providing management services for such time-share project.B. A licensee of the Board shall comply with the Board's regulations, notwithstanding the fact that the licensee would be otherwise exempt from licensure under subsection A. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a person to be licensed in accordance with this article if he would be otherwise exempt from such licensure.2008, cc. 851, 871; 2010, c. 511; 2011, cc. 334, 605; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2348 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2348. Common Interest Community Board; membership; meetings; quorum

There is hereby created the Common Interest Community Board (the Board) as a policy board, within the meaning of § 2.2-2100, in the executive branch of state government. Members of the Board shall be appointed by the Governor and consist of 11 members as follows: three shall be representatives of Virginia common interest community managers, one shall be a Virginia attorney whose practice includes the representation of associations, one shall be a representative of a Virginia certified public accountant whose practice includes providing attest services to associations, one shall be a representative of the Virginia time-share industry, two shall be representatives of developers of Virginia common interest communities, and three shall be Virginia citizens, one of whom serves or who has served on the governing board of an association that is not professionally managed at the time of appointment and two of whom reside in a common interest community. Of the initial appointments, one representative of Virginia common interest community managers and one representative of developers of Virginia common interest communities shall serve terms of two years and one representative of Virginia common interest community managers and one representative of developers of Virginia common interest communities shall serve terms of three years; the Virginia attorney shall serve a term of three years; the Virginia certified public accountant shall serve a term of one year; the Virginia citizen who serves or who has served on the governing board of an association shall serve a term of two years, and the two Virginia citizens who reside in a common interest community shall serve terms of one year. All other initial appointments and all subsequent appointments shall be for terms for four years, except that vacancies may be filled for the remainder of the unexpired term. Each appointment of a representative of a Virginia common interest community manager to the Board may be made from nominations submitted by the Virginia Association of Community Managers, who may nominate no more than three persons for each manager vacancy. In no case shall the Governor be bound to make any appointment from such nominees. No person shall be eligible to serve for more than two successive four-year terms.The Board shall meet at least once each year and at other such times as it deems necessary. The Board shall elect from its membership a chairman and a vice-chairman to serve for a period of one year. A majority of the Board shall constitute a quorum. The Board is vested with the powers and duties necessary to execute the purposes of this article.2008, cc. 851, 871; 2010, c. 511; 2012, c. 522; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2350 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2350. Annual report; form to accompany resale certificates and disclosure packets

In addition to the provisions of § 54.1-2349, the Board shall:1. Administer the provisions of Article 2 (§ 54.1-2354.1 et seq.);2. Develop and disseminate an association annual report form for use in accordance with §§ 55.1-1836, 55.1-1980, and 55.1-2182; and3. Develop and disseminate a form to accompany resale certificates required pursuant to § 55.1-1990 and association disclosure packets required pursuant to § 55.1-1809, which form shall summarize the unique characteristics of common interest communities generally that may affect a prospective purchaser's decision to purchase a lot or unit located in a common interest community. The form shall include information on the following, which may or may not be applicable to a particular common interest community: (i) the obligation on the part of an owner to pay regular annual or special assessments to the association; (ii) the penalty for failure or refusal to pay such assessments; (iii) the purposes for which such assessments, if any, may be used, including for the construction or maintenance of stormwater management facilities; (iv) the importance the declaration of restrictive covenants or condominium instruments, as applicable, and other governing documents play in association living; (v) limitations on an owner's ability to rent his lot or unit; (vi) limitations on an owner's ability to park or store certain types of motor vehicles or boats within the common interest community; (vii) limitations on an owner's ability to maintain an animal as a pet within the lot or unit, or in common areas or common elements; (viii) architectural guidelines applicable to an owner's lot or unit; (ix) limitations on an owner's ability to operate a business within a dwelling unit on a lot or within a unit; (x) the period or length of declarant control; and (xi) that the purchase contract for a lot within an association is a legally binding document once it is signed by the prospective purchaser where the purchaser has not elected to cancel the purchase contract in accordance with law. The form shall also provide that (a) the purchaser remains responsible for his own examination of the materials that constitute the resale certificate or disclosure packet and of any table of contents that may be contained therein; (b) the purchaser shall carefully review the entire resale certificate or disclosure packet; and (c) the contents of the resale certificate or disclosure packet shall control to the extent that there are any inconsistencies between the form and the resale certificate or disclosure packet.2008, cc. 851, 871; 2017, c. 257; 2018, cc. 70, 733; 2019, cc. 390, 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2352 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2352. Cease and desist orders

A. The Board may issue an order requiring the governing board of the association to cease and desist from the unlawful practice and to take such affirmative action as in the judgment of the Board will carry out the purposes of this article, if the Board determines after notice and hearing that the governing board of an association has:1. Violated any statute or regulation of the Board governing the association regulated pursuant to this article, including engaging in any act or practice in violation of this article, the Property Owners' Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), or the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), or any of the Board's regulations or orders;2. Failed to register as an association or to file an annual report as required by statute or regulation;3. Materially misrepresented facts in an application for registration or an annual report; or4. Willfully refused to furnish the Board information or records required or requested pursuant to statute or regulation.B. If the Board makes a finding of fact in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order, it may issue a temporary order to cease and desist or to take such affirmative action as may be deemed appropriate by the Board. Prior to issuing the temporary order, the Board shall give notice of the proposal to issue a temporary order to the person. Every temporary order shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a hearing will be held promptly to determine whether or not it becomes permanent.2008, cc. 851, 871; 2009, c. 557; 2019, cc. 467, 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2354 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2354. Variation by agreement

Except as expressly provided in this article, provisions of this article may not be varied by agreement, and rights conferred by this article may not be waived. All management agreements entered into by common interest community managers shall comply with the terms of this article and the provisions of the Property Owners' Association Act (§ 55.1-1800 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), or the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ 55.1-2200 et seq.), as applicable.2008, cc. 851, 871; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2354.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2354.1. Definitions

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Balance of the fund" means cash, securities that are legal investments for fiduciaries under the provisions of subdivisions A 1, 2, and 4 of § 2.2-4519, and repurchase agreements secured by obligations of the United States government or any agency thereof, and shall not mean accounts receivable, judgments, notes, accrued interest, or other obligations to the fund."Claimant" means, upon proper application to the Director, a receiver for a common interest community manager appointed pursuant to § 54.1-2353 in those cases in which there are not sufficient funds to restore all funds that were or ought to have been held in a fiduciary capacity by the subject common interest community manager or to pay an award of reasonable fees, costs, and expenses to the receiver."Director" means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation.1993, c. 958; 2008, cc. 851, 871, § 55-528; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2354.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2354.2. Common Interest Community Management Information Fund

A. There is hereby created the Common Interest Community Management Information Fund, referred to in this section as "the Fund," to be used in the discretion of the Board to promote the improvement and more efficient operation of common interest communities through research and education. The Fund shall be established on the books of the Comptroller. The Fund shall consist of money paid into it pursuant to §§ 54.1-2349, 55.1-1835, 55.1-1980, and 55.1-2182, and such money shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Fund. Interest earned on moneys in the Fund shall remain in the Fund and be credited to it. Any moneys remaining in the Fund, including interest thereon, at the end of each fiscal year shall not revert to the general fund but, at the discretion of the Board, shall remain in the Fund or shall be transferred to the Common Interest Community Management Recovery Fund established pursuant to § 54.1-2354.5.B. Expenses for the operations of the Office of the Common Interest Community Ombudsman, including the compensation paid to the Common Interest Community Ombudsman, shall be paid first from interest earned on deposits constituting the Fund and the balance from the moneys collected annually in the Fund. The Board may use the remainder of the interest earned on the balance of the Fund and of the moneys collected annually and deposited in the Fund for financing or promoting the following:1. Information and research in the field of common interest community management and operation;2. Expeditious and inexpensive procedures for resolving complaints about an association from members of the association or other citizens;3. Seminars and educational programs designed to address topics of concern to community associations; and4. Other programs deemed necessary and proper to accomplish the purpose of this article.C. Following the close of any biennium, when the Common Interest Community Management Information Fund shows expenses allocated to it for the past biennium to be more than 10 percent greater or less than moneys collected on behalf of the Board, the Board shall revise the fees levied by it for placement into the Fund so that the fees are sufficient but not excessive to cover expenses. A fee established pursuant to § 55.1-1835, 55.1-1980, or 55.1-2182 shall not exceed $25 unless such fee is based on the number of units or lots in the association.1993, c. 958, § 55-529; 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2019, cc. 391, 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2354.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 23.3 - Common Interest Communities|§ 54.1-2354.3. Common Interest Community Ombudsman; appointment; powers and duties

A. The Director in accordance with § 54.1-303 shall appoint a Common Interest Community Ombudsman (the Ombudsman) and shall establish the Office of the Common Interest Community Ombudsman (the Office). The Ombudsman shall be a member in good standing in the Virginia State Bar. All state agencies shall assist and cooperate with the Office in the performance of its duties under this article.B. The Office shall:1. Assist members in understanding rights and the processes available to them according to the laws and regulations governing common interest communities and respond to general inquiries;2. Make available, either separately or through an existing website, information concerning common interest communities and such additional information as may be deemed appropriate;3. Receive notices of final adverse decisions;4. Upon request, assist members in understanding the rights and processes available under the laws and regulations governing common interest communities and provide referrals to public and private agencies offering alternative dispute resolution services, with a goal of reducing and resolving conflicts among associations and their members;5. Ensure that members have access to the services provided through the Office and that the members receive timely responses from the representatives of the Office to the inquiries;6. Maintain data on inquiries received, types of assistance requested, notices of final adverse decisions received, actions taken, and the disposition of each such matter;7. Upon request to the Director by (i) any of the standing committees of the General Assembly having jurisdiction over common interest communities or (ii) the Housing Commission, provide to the Director for dissemination to the requesting parties assessments of proposed and existing common interest community laws and other studies of common interest community issues;8. Monitor changes in federal and state laws relating to common interest communities;9. Provide information to the Director that will permit the Director to report annually on the activities of the Office of the Common Interest Community Ombudsman to the standing committees of the General Assembly having jurisdiction over common interest communities and to the Housing Commission. The Director's report shall be filed by December 1 of each year and shall include a summary of significant new developments in federal and state laws relating to common interest communities each year; and10. Carry out activities as the Board determines to be appropriate.1993, c. 958, § 55-530; 1997, c. 222; 1998, c. 463; 2001, c. 816; 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2010, cc. 59, 208; 2012, cc. 481, 797; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 54.1-2400.01 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 24 - General Provisions|§ 54.1-2400.01. Certain definition

As used in this subtitle, "laser surgery" means treatment through revision, destruction, incision or other structural alteration of human tissue using laser technology. Under this definition, the continued use of laser technology solely for nonsurgical purposes of examination and diagnosis shall be permitted for those professions whose licenses permit such use.1997, c. 569.
VA Code § 54.1-2400.01:1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations|Chapter 24 - General Provisions|§ 54.1-2400.01:1. Surgery defined; who may perform surgery

A. For the purposes of this subtitle, except as used in Chapter 38 (§ 54.1-3800 et seq.) related to veterinary medicine, "surgery" means the structural alteration of the human body by the incision or cutting into of tissue for the purpose of diagnostic or therapeutic treatment of conditions or disease processes by any instrument causing localized alteration or transposition of live human tissue, but does not include the following: procedures for the removal of superficial foreign bodies from the human body, punctures, injections, dry needling, acupuncture, or removal of dead tissue. For the purposes of this section, incision shall not mean the scraping or brushing of live tissue.B. No person shall perform surgery unless he is (i) licensed by the Board of Medicine as a doctor of medicine, osteopathy, or podiatry; (ii) licensed by the Board of Dentistry as a doctor of dentistry; (iii) jointly licensed by the Boards of Medicine and Nursing as a nurse practitioner; (iv) a physician assistant acting under the supervision of a doctor of medicine, osteopathy, or podiatry; (v) a licensed midwife in the performance of episiotomies during childbirth; or (vi) acting pursuant to the orders and under the appropriate supervision of a licensed doctor of medicine, osteopathy, podiatry, or dentistry.C. Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict, limit, change, or expand the scope of practice in effect on January 1, 2012, of any profession licensed by any of the health regulatory boards within the Department of Health Professions.2012, cc. 15, 124.