reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 7-11-106 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 11 - Effective Date and Transition Provisions.|Section 7-11-106 - Required Refilings.

Section 7-11-106Required refilings. (1) If a security interest is perfected or has priority on February 1, 1982, as to all persons or as to certain persons without any filing or recording, and if the filing of a financing statement would be required for the perfection or priority of the security interest against those persons under the new U.C.C., the perfection and priority rights of the security interest continue until three years after February 1, 1982. The perfection will then lapse unless a financing statement is filed as provided in subsection (2) or unless the security interest is perfected otherwise than by filing. (2) A financing statement may be filed within six months before the perfection of a security interest would otherwise lapse. Any such financing statement may be signed by either the debtor or the secured party. It must identify the security agreement, statement or notice (however denominated in any statute or other law repealed or modified by this act), state the office where and the date when the last filing, refiling or recording, if any, was made with respect thereto, and the filing number, if any, or book and page, if any, of recording and further state that the security agreement, statement or notice, however denominated, in another filing office under the Uniform Commercial Code or under any statute or other law repealed or modified by this act is still effective. Section 7-9A-501 and Section 7-9A-301 determine the proper place to file such a financing statement. Except as specified in this subsection, the provisions of Section 7-9A-515 for continuation statements apply to such a financing statement. (Acts 1981, No. 81-312, p. 399; Act 2001-481, p. 647, §2.)
AL Code § 7-11-107 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 11 - Effective Date and Transition Provisions.|Section 7-11-107 - Transition Provisions as to Priorities.

Section 7-11-107Transition provisions as to priorities. Except as otherwise provided in this Article 11, the old U.C.C. shall apply to any questions of priority if the positions of the parties were fixed prior to February 1, 1982. In other cases questions of priority shall be determined by the new U.C.C. (Acts 1981, No. 81-312, p. 399.)
AL Code § 7-11-108 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 11 - Effective Date and Transition Provisions.|Section 7-11-108 - Presumption That Rule of Law Continues Unchanged.

Section 7-11-108Presumption that rule of law continues unchanged. Unless a change in law has clearly been made, the provisions of the new U.C.C. shall be deemed declaratory of the meaning of the old U.C.C. (Acts 1981, No. 81-312, p. 399.)
AL Code § 8-1A-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-1 - Short Title.

Section 8-1A-1Short title. This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-3 - Scope.

Section 8-1A-3Scope. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), this chapter applies to electronic records and electronic signatures relating to a transaction. (b) This chapter does not apply to a transaction to the extent it is governed by any of the following: (1) A law governing the creation and execution of wills, codicils, or testamentary trusts. (2) Title 7, the Uniform Commercial Code, other than Sections 7-1-107 and 7-1-206, Article 2, and Article 2A. (3) A statute, regulation, or other rule of law governing adoption, divorce, or other matters of family law. (c) This chapter does not apply to any of the following: (1) Court orders or notices, or official court documents, including briefs, pleadings, and other writings, required to be executed in connection with court proceedings. (2) Any notice of any of the following: a. The cancellation or termination of utility services, including water, heat, and power. b. Default, acceleration, repossession, foreclosure, or eviction, or the right to cure, under a credit agreement secured by, or a rental agreement for, a primary residence of an individual. c. The cancellation or termination of health insurance or benefits or life insurance benefits, excluding annuities. d. Recall of a product, or material failure of a product, that risks endangering health or safety. (3) Any document required to accompany any transportation or handling of hazardous materials, pesticides, or other toxic or dangerous materials. (d) This chapter applies to an electronic record or electronic signature otherwise excluded from the application of this chapter under subsection (b) or (c) to the extent it is governed by a law other than those specified in subsection (b) or (c). (e) A transaction subject to this chapter is also subject to other applicable substantive law. (f) A governmental agency which is a party to a transaction subject to this chapter is also further subject to both of the following: (1) The records retention requirements for state government records established by the State Records Commission. (2) The records retention requirements for local government records established by the Local Government Records Commission. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-4 - Prospective Application.

Section 8-1A-4Prospective application.  This chapter applies to any electronic record or electronic signature created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored on or after January 1, 2002. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-5 - Use of Electronic Records and Electronic Signatures; Variation by Agreement.

Section 8-1A-5Use of electronic records and electronic signatures; variation by agreement.  (a) This chapter does not require a record or signature to be created, generated, sent, communicated, received, stored, or otherwise processed or used by electronic means or in electronic form. (b) This chapter applies only to transactions between parties each of which has agreed to conduct transactions by electronic means. Whether the parties agree to conduct a transaction by electronic means is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances, including the parties' conduct. (c) A party that agrees to conduct a transaction by electronic means may refuse to conduct other transactions by electronic means. The right granted by this subsection may not be waived by agreement. (d) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the effect of any of its provisions may be varied by agreement. The presence in certain provisions of this chapter of the words "unless otherwise agreed," or words of similar import, does not imply that the effect of other provisions may not be varied by agreement. (e) Whether an electronic record or electronic signature has legal consequences is determined by this chapter and other applicable law. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-6 - Construction and Application.

Section 8-1A-6Construction and application. This chapter shall be construed and applied in each of the following manners: (1) To facilitate electronic transactions consistent with other applicable law. (2) To be consistent with reasonable practices concerning electronic transactions and with the continued expansion of those practices. (3) To effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting it. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-7 - Legal Recognition of Electronic Records, Electronic Signatures, and Electronic Contracts.

Section 8-1A-7Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts. (a) A record or signature may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form. (b) A contract may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because an electronic record was used in its formation. (c) If a law requires a record to be in writing, an electronic record satisfies the law. (d) If a law requires a signature, an electronic signature satisfies the law. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-9 - Attribution and Effect of Electronic Record and Electronic Signature.

Section 8-1A-9Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature. (a) An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable. (b) The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties' agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-10 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-10 - Effect of Change or Error.

Section 8-1A-10Effect of change or error.  If a change or error in an electronic record occurs in a transmission between parties to a transaction, the following rules apply: (1) If the parties have agreed to use a security procedure to detect changes or errors and one party has conformed to the procedure, but the other party has not, and the nonconforming party would have detected the change or error had that party also conformed, the conforming party may avoid the effect of the changed or erroneous electronic record. (2) In an automated transaction involving an individual, the individual may avoid the effect of an electronic record that resulted from an error made by the individual in dealing with the electronic agent of another person if the electronic agent did not provide an opportunity for the prevention or correction of the error and, at the time the individual learns of the error, the individual meets the following requirements: a. Promptly notifies the other person of the error and that the individual did not intend to be bound by the electronic record received by the other person. b. Takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other person's reasonable instructions, to return to the other person or, if instructed by the other person, to destroy the consideration received, if any, as a result of the erroneous electronic record. c. Has not used or received any benefit or value from the consideration, if any, received from the other person. (3) If neither subdivision (1) nor subdivision (2) applies, the change or error has the effect provided by other law, including the law of mistake, and the parties' contract, if any. (4) Subdivisions (2) and (3) may not be varied by agreement. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-11 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-11 - Notarization and Acknowledgment.

Section 8-1A-11Notarization and acknowledgment. If a law requires a signature or record to be notarized, acknowledged, verified, or made under oath, the requirement is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform those acts, together with all other information required to be included by other applicable law, is attached to or logically associated with the signature or record. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-12 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-12 - Retention of Electronic Records; Originals.

Section 8-1A-12Retention of electronic records; originals.  (a) If a law requires that a record be retained, the requirement is satisfied by retaining an electronic record of the information in the record which meets the following requirements: (1) Accurately reflects the information set forth in the record as it was first generated in final form as an electronic record or otherwise. (2) Remains accessible for later reference. (b) A requirement to retain a record in accordance with subsection (a) does not apply to any information the sole purpose of which is to enable the record to be sent, communicated, or received. (c) A person may satisfy subsection (a) by using the services of another person if the requirements of that subsection are satisfied. (d) If a law requires a record to be presented or retained in its original form, or provides consequences if the record is not presented or retained in its original form, that law is satisfied by an electronic record retained in accordance with subsection (a). (e) If a law requires retention of a check, that requirement is satisfied by retention of an electronic record of the information on the front and back of the check in accordance with subsection (a). (f) A record retained as an electronic record in accordance with subsection (a) satisfies a law requiring a person to retain a record for evidentiary, audit, or like purposes, unless a law enacted after January 1, 2002, specifically prohibits the use of an electronic record for the specified purpose. (g) This section does not preclude the State Records Commission, Local Government Records Commission, or other governmental agency of this state from specifying additional requirements for the retention by the agency of a record subject to the agency's jurisdiction. The State Records Commission and the Local Government Records Commission may promulgate records retention standards for state and local government agencies to follow in compliance with this chapter. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-13 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-13 - Admissibility in Evidence.

Section 8-1A-13Admissibility in evidence. (a) In any proceeding, evidence of a record or signature may not be excluded solely because it is in electronic form. (b) In determining the attribution and authenticity or evidentiary weight of an electronic record or signature, the trier of fact may consider, along with any other relevant and probative evidence, proof of the efficacy of any security procedure applied. This may include a showing that the procedure: (1) uniquely identifies the signer or creator of the record; (2) prevents others from using the same identifier; and/or (3) provides a mechanism for determining whether the data contained in the record was changed after it was created or signed. Evidence bearing on the means and the reliability with which the procedure performs these functions may also be considered. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-14 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-14 - Automated Transaction.

Section 8-1A-14Automated transaction. In an automated transaction, the following rules apply: (1) A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents' actions or the resulting terms and agreements. (2) A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual's own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance. (3) The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to it. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-15 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-15 - Time and Place of Sending and Receipt.

Section 8-1A-15Time and place of sending and receipt. (a) Unless otherwise agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is sent when the record meets all of the following requirements: (1) The record is addressed properly or otherwise directed properly to an information processing system that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record. (2) The record is in a form capable of being processed by that system. (3) The record enters an information processing system outside the control of the sender or of a person that sent the electronic record on behalf of the sender or enters a region of the information processing system designated or used by the recipient which is under the control of the recipient. (b) Unless otherwise agreed between a sender and the recipient, an electronic record is received when the record meets the following requirements: (1) The record enters an information processing system that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record. (2) The record is in a form capable of being processed by that system. (c) Subsection (b) applies even if the place the information processing system is located is different from the place the electronic record is deemed to be received under subsection (d). (d) Unless otherwise expressly provided in the electronic record or agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is deemed to be sent from the sender's place of business and to be received at the recipient's place of business. For purposes of this subsection, the following rules apply: (1) If the sender or recipient has more than one place of business, the place of business of that person is the place having the closest relationship to the underlying transaction. (2) If the sender or the recipient does not have a place of business, the place of business is the sender's or recipient's residence, as the case may be. (e) An electronic record is received under subsection (b) even if no individual is aware of its receipt. (f) Receipt of an electronic acknowledgment from an information processing system described in subsection (b) establishes that a record was received but, by itself, does not establish that the content sent corresponds to the content received. (g) If a person is aware that an electronic record purportedly sent under subsection (a), or purportedly received under subsection (b), was not actually sent or received, the legal effect of the sending or receipt is determined by other applicable law. Except to the extent permitted by the other law, the requirements of this subsection may not be varied by agreement. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-17 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-17 - Creation and Retention of Electronic Records; Conversion of Written Records.

Section 8-1A-17Creation and retention of electronic records; conversion of written records. (a) The Alabama Supreme Court and any other court or judicial official or entity with rulemaking authority and each governmental agency of this state with rulemaking authority reviewable under Section 41-22-23 may determine by rule whether, and the extent to which, it will create and retain electronic records and convert written records to electronic records. (b) The governing body of each municipality in the state may determine by ordinance whether, and the extent to which, an executive, legislative, or judicial agency, department, board, commission, authority, institution, or instrumentality of the municipality shall create and retain electronic records and convert written records to electronic records. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1; Act 2021-304, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1A-18 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1A - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.|Section 8-1A-18 - Acceptance and Distribution of Electronic Records and Electronic Signatures.

Section 8-1A-18Acceptance and distribution of electronic records and electronic signatures. (a)(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f) of Section 8-1A-12, the Alabama Supreme Court and any other court or judicial official or entity with rulemaking authority and each governmental agency of this state with rulemaking authority reviewable under Section 41-22-23 may determine by rule whether, and the extent to which, it will send and accept electronic records and electronic signatures to and from other persons and otherwise create, generate, communicate, store, process, use, and rely upon electronic records and electronic signatures. (2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f) of Section 8-1A-12, the governing body of each municipality in the state may determine by ordinance whether, and the extent to which, an executive, legislative, or judicial agency, department, board, commission, authority, institution, or instrumentality of the municipality shall send and accept electronic records and electronic signatures to and from other persons and otherwise create, generate, communicate, store, process, use, and rely upon electronic records and electronic signatures. (b) To the extent that a governmental agency uses electronic records and electronic signatures under subsection (a), the governmental agency, giving due consideration to security, may specify each of the following: (1) The manner and format in which the electronic records shall be created, generated, sent, communicated, received, and stored and the systems established for those purposes. (2) If electronic records must be signed by electronic means, the type of electronic signature required, the manner and format in which the electronic signature shall be affixed to the electronic record, and the identity of, or criteria that shall be met by, any third party used by a person filing a document to facilitate the process. (3) Control processes and procedures as appropriate to ensure adequate preservation, disposition, integrity, security, confidentiality, and auditability of electronic records. (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f) of Section 8-1A-12, this chapter does not require a governmental agency of this state to use or permit the use of electronic records or electronic signatures. (Act 2001-458, p. 597, §1; Act 2021-304, §1.)