reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MN Stat § 325K.07 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.07 — Enforcement Of Requirements For Licensed Certification Authorities.

325K.07 ENFORCEMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSED CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES. Subdivision 1. Investigation. The secretary may investigate the activities of a licensed certification authority material to its compliance with this chapter and issue orders to a certification authority to further its investigation and secure compliance with this chapter. Subd. 2. Suspension or revocation. The secretary may summarily suspend or revoke the license of a certification authority for its failure to comply with an order of the secretary. Subd. 3. Civil penalty. The secretary may by order impose and collect a civil monetary penalty against a licensed certification authority for a violation of this chapter in an amount not to exceed $5,000 per incident. In case of a violation continuing for more than one day, each day is considered a separate incident. The secretary may adopt rules setting the standards governing the determination of the penalty amounts. Subd. 4. Payment of costs. The secretary may order a certification authority, which it has found to be in violation of this chapter, to pay the costs incurred by the secretary in prosecuting and adjudicating proceedings relative to the order, and enforcing it. Subd. 5. Administrative procedures; injunctive relief. (a) The secretary must exercise authority under this section in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, chapter 14, and a licensed certification authority may obtain judicial review of the secretary's actions as prescribed by chapter 14. (b) The secretary may also seek injunctive relief to compel compliance with an order. History:  1997 c 178 s 8; 1998 c 321 s 15,16; 2000 c 395 s 16
MN Stat § 325K.08 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.08 — Dangerous Activities By Certification Authority Prohibited.

325K.08 DANGEROUS ACTIVITIES BY CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY PROHIBITED. Subdivision 1. Prohibition generally. No certification authority, whether licensed or not, may conduct its business in a manner that creates an unreasonable risk of loss to subscribers of the certification authority, to persons relying on certificates issued by the certification authority, or to a repository. Subd. 2. Orders and civil actions. In the manner provided by the Administrative Procedure Act, chapter 14, the secretary may issue orders and obtain injunctions or other civil relief to prevent or restrain a certification authority from violating this section, regardless of whether the certification authority is licensed. This section does not create a right of action in a person other than the secretary. History:   1997 c 178 s 9
MN Stat § 325K.09 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.09 — General Requirements For Certification Authorities.

325K.09 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES. Subdivision 1. Use of trustworthy system. A licensed certification authority or subscriber may use only a trustworthy system: (1) to issue, suspend, or revoke a certificate; (2) to publish or give notice of the issuance, suspension, or revocation of a certificate; or (3) to create a private key. Subd. 2. Disclosure required. A licensed certification authority shall disclose any material certification practice statement and disclose any fact material to either the reliability of a certificate that it has issued or its ability to perform its services. A certification authority may require a signed, written, and reasonably specific inquiry from an identified person and payment of reasonable compensation as conditions precedent to effecting a disclosure required in this subdivision. Subd. 3. Acceptance. A recipient who accepts a digital signature when the certificate was issued by a licensed certification authority becomes a party to and accepts all of the terms and conditions of the licensed certification authority's certification practice statement. History:  1997 c 178 s 10; 1999 c 250 art 1 s 97
MN Stat § 325K.11 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.11 — Warranties And Obligations Upon Issuance Of Certificate.

325K.11 WARRANTIES AND OBLIGATIONS UPON ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE. Subdivision 1. Absolute warranties to subscribers. By issuing a certificate, a licensed certification authority warrants to the subscriber named in the certificate that: (1) the certificate contains no information known to the certification authority to be false; (2) the certificate satisfies all material requirements of this chapter; and (3) the certification authority has not exceeded any limits of its license in issuing the certificate. The certification authority may not disclaim or limit the warranties of this subdivision. Subd. 2. Negotiable warranties to subscribers. Unless the subscriber and certification authority otherwise agree, a certification authority, by issuing a certificate, promises to the subscriber: (1) to act promptly to suspend or revoke a certificate in accordance with section 325K.14 or 325K.15; and (2) to notify the subscriber within a reasonable time of any facts known to the certification authority that significantly affect the validity or reliability of the certificate once it is issued. Subd. 3. Warranties to those who reasonably rely. By issuing a certificate, a licensed certification authority certifies to all who reasonably rely on the information contained in the certificate that: (1) the information in the certificate and listed as confirmed by the certification authority is accurate; (2) all information foreseeably material to the reliability of the certificate is stated or incorporated by reference within the certificate; (3) the subscriber has accepted the certificate; and (4) the licensed certification authority has complied with all applicable laws of this state governing issuance of the certificate. Subd. 4. Warranties following publication. By publishing a certificate, a licensed certification authority certifies to the repository in which the certificate is published and to all who reasonably rely on the information contained in the certificate that the certification authority has issued the certificate to the subscriber. History:   1997 c 178 s 12
MN Stat § 325K.12 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.12 — Representations And Duties Upon Accepting Certificate.

325K.12 REPRESENTATIONS AND DUTIES UPON ACCEPTING CERTIFICATE. Subdivision 1. Subscriber warranties. By accepting a certificate issued by a licensed certification authority, the subscriber listed in the certificate certifies to all who reasonably rely on the information contained in the certificate that: (1) the subscriber rightfully holds the private key corresponding to the public key listed in the certificate; (2) all representations made by the subscriber to the certification authority and material to the information listed in the certificate are true; and (3) all material representations made by the subscriber to a certification authority or made in the certificate and not confirmed by the certification authority in issuing the certificate are true. Subd. 2. Agent warranties. By requesting on behalf of a principal the issuance of a certificate naming the principal as subscriber, the requesting person certifies in that person's own right to all who reasonably rely on the information contained in the certificate that the requesting person: (1) holds all authority legally required to apply for issuance of a certificate naming the principal as subscriber; and (2) has authority to sign digitally on behalf of the principal, and, if that authority is limited in any way, adequate safeguards exist to prevent a digital signature exceeding the bounds of the person's authority. Subd. 3. Disclaimer limitations. No person may disclaim or contractually limit the application of this section, nor obtain indemnity for its effects, if the disclaimer, limitation, or indemnity restricts liability for misrepresentation as against persons reasonably relying on the certificate. Subd. 4. Indemnification by subscriber. By accepting a certificate, a subscriber undertakes to indemnify the issuing certification authority for loss or damage caused by issuance or publication of a certificate in reliance on: (1) a false and material representation of fact by the subscriber; or (2) the failure by the subscriber to disclose a material fact if the representation or failure to disclose was made either with intent to deceive the certification authority or a person relying on the certificate, or with gross negligence. The indemnity provided in this section may not be disclaimed or contractually limited in scope. However, a contract may provide consistent, additional terms regarding the indemnification. Subd. 5. Certified accuracy. In obtaining information of the subscriber material to issuance of a certificate, the certification authority may require the subscriber to certify the accuracy of relevant information under oath or affirmation of truthfulness and under penalty of perjury. History:  1997 c 178 s 13; 1998 c 321 s 18
MN Stat § 325K.13 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.13 — Control Of Private Key.

325K.13 CONTROL OF PRIVATE KEY. Subdivision 1. Duty. By accepting a certificate issued by a licensed certification authority, the subscriber identified in the certificate assumes a duty to exercise reasonable care to retain control of the private key and prevent its disclosure to a person not authorized to create the subscriber's digital signature. Subd. 2.  [Repealed, 1998 c 321 s 31] Subd. 2a. Possession of private key. A certification authority cannot hold a private key on behalf of a subscriber. Subd. 3.  [Repealed, 1998 c 321 s 31] History:  1997 c 178 s 14; 1998 c 321 s 19
MN Stat § 325K.16 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.16 — Certificate Expiration.

325K.16 CERTIFICATE EXPIRATION. Subdivision 1. Expiration date. A certificate must indicate the date on which it expires. Subd. 2. Effect of expiration. When a certificate expires, the subscriber and certification authority cease to certify as provided in this chapter and the certification authority is discharged of its duties based on issuance, in relation to the expired certificate. History:   1997 c 178 s 17
MN Stat § 325K.17 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.17 — Recommended Reliance Limits.

325K.17 RECOMMENDED RELIANCE LIMITS. By specifying a recommended reliance limit in a certificate, the issuing certification authority and accepting subscriber recommend that persons rely on the certificate only to the extent that the total amount at risk does not exceed the recommended reliance limit. History:   1997 c 178 s 18
MN Stat § 325K.18 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.18 — Collection Based On Suitable Guaranty.

325K.18 COLLECTION BASED ON SUITABLE GUARANTY. Subdivision 1. Bond or letter of credit. (a) If the suitable guaranty is a surety bond, a person may recover from the surety the full amount of a qualified right to payment against the principal named in the bond. (b) If the suitable guaranty is a letter of credit, a person may recover from the issuing financial institution the full amount of a qualified right to payment only in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit. (c) If the suitable guaranty is a policy of insurance, a person may recover under the terms of the policy. (d) Claimants may recover successively on the same suitable guaranty. Subd. 2. Attorney fees and court costs. (a) Subject to paragraph (b), in addition to recovering the amount of a qualified right to payment, a claimant may recover from the proceeds of the guaranty, until depleted: (1) the attorneys' fees, reasonable in amount; and (2) court costs incurred by the claimant in collecting the claim. (b) However, the total liability on the suitable guaranty to all persons making qualified rights of payment or recovering attorneys' fees during its term must not exceed the amount of the suitable guaranty. Subd. 3. Qualified right to payment. (a) To recover a qualified right to payment against a surety or issuer of a suitable guaranty, the claimant must: (1) file written notice of the claim with the issuer of the suitable guarantee stating the name and address of the claimant, the amount claimed, and the grounds for the qualified right to payment; and (2) append to the notice a certified copy of the judgment on which the qualified right to payment is based. (b) Recovery of a qualified right to payment from the proceeds of the suitable guaranty is barred unless the claimant substantially complies with this subdivision. Subd. 4. Statute of limitations. Recovery of a qualified right to payment from the proceeds of a suitable guaranty are forever barred unless notice of the claim is filed as required in subdivision 3, paragraph (a), clause (1), within three years after the occurrence of the violation of this chapter that is the basis for the claim. Notice under this subdivision need not include the requirement imposed by subdivision 3, paragraph (a), clause (2). History:  1997 c 178 s 19; 1998 c 321 s 27,28; 2000 c 395 s 19
MN Stat § 325K.19 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.19 — Satisfaction Of Signature Requirements.

325K.19 SATISFACTION OF SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS. (a) Where a rule of law requires a signature, or provides for certain consequences in the absence of a signature, that rule is satisfied by a digital signature, if: (1)(i) the digital signature is that of a public or local official as defined in section 10A.01, subdivisions 22 and 35, on government records described in section 15.17; or (ii) no party affected by a digital signature objects to the use of digital signatures in lieu of a signature, and the objection may be evidenced by refusal to provide or accept a digital signature; (2) that digital signature is verified by reference to the public key listed in a valid certificate issued by a licensed certification authority; (3) that digital signature was affixed by the signer with the intention of signing the message and after the signer has had an opportunity to review items being signed; and (4) the recipient has no knowledge or notice that the signer either: (i) breached a duty as a subscriber; or (ii) does not rightfully hold the private key used to affix the digital signature. (b) However, nothing in this chapter precludes a mark from being valid as a signature under other applicable law. History:  1997 c 178 s 20; 2000 c 395 s 20
MN Stat § 325K.20 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.20 — Unreliable Digital Signatures.

325K.20 UNRELIABLE DIGITAL SIGNATURES. Unless otherwise provided by law or contract, the recipient of a digital signature assumes the risk that a digital signature is forged, if reliance on the digital signature is not reasonable under the circumstances. If the recipient determines not to rely on a digital signature under this section, the recipient must promptly notify the signer of any determination not to rely on a digital signature and the grounds for that determination. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to obligate a person to accept a digital signature or to respond to an electronic message containing a digital signature. History:   1997 c 178 s 21
MN Stat § 325K.21 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.21 — Digitally Signed Document Is Written.

325K.21 DIGITALLY SIGNED DOCUMENT IS WRITTEN. (a) A message is as valid, enforceable, and effective as if it had been written on paper, if it: (1) bears in its entirety a digital signature; and (2) that digital signature is verified by the public key listed in a certificate that: (i) was issued by a licensed certification authority; and (ii) was valid at the time the digital signature was created. (b) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to eliminate, modify, or condition any other requirements for a contract to be valid, enforceable, and effective. No digital message shall be deemed to be an instrument under the provisions of section 336.3-104 unless all parties to the transaction agree. History:   1997 c 178 s 22
MN Stat § 325K.22 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.22 — Digitally Signed Originals.

325K.22 DIGITALLY SIGNED ORIGINALS. A copy of a digitally signed message is as effective, valid, and enforceable as the original of the message, unless it is evident that the signer designated an instance of the digitally signed message to be a unique original, in which case only that instance constitutes the valid, effective, and enforceable message. History:   1997 c 178 s 23
MN Stat § 325K.23 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.23 — Acknowledgments.

325K.23 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Subdivision 1. Certificates. Unless otherwise provided by law or contract, a certificate issued by a licensed certification authority satisfies the requirement for an acknowledgment pursuant to section 358.52 of a digital signature verified by reference to the public key listed in the certificate, regardless of whether words of an express acknowledgment appear with the digital signature and regardless of whether the signer physically appeared before the certification authority when the digital signature was created, if that digital signature is: (1) verifiable by that certificate; and (2) affixed when that certificate was valid. Subd. 2. Digital signatures. If the digital signature is used as an acknowledgment, then the certification authority is responsible to the same extent as a notary up to any limit on liability stated in the certification authority's certification practice statement for failure to satisfy the requirements for an acknowledgment. The certification authority may not disclaim or limit, other than as provided in section 325K.17, the effect of this section. History:  1997 c 178 s 24; 2000 c 395 s 21; 2018 c 176 art 2 s 2
MN Stat § 325K.24 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.24 — Presumptions In Adjudicating Disputes; Liability Allocation.

325K.24 PRESUMPTIONS IN ADJUDICATING DISPUTES; LIABILITY ALLOCATION. Subdivision 1. Presumptions. In adjudicating a dispute involving a digital signature, a court of this state presumes that: (a) A certificate digitally signed by a licensed certification authority and either published in a recognized repository, or made available by the issuing certification authority or by the subscriber listed in the certificate is issued by the certification authority that digitally signed it and is accepted by the subscriber listed in it. (b) The information listed in a valid certificate and confirmed by a licensed certification authority issuing the certificate is accurate. (c) If a digital signature is verified by the public key listed in a valid certificate issued by a licensed certification authority: (1) that digital signature is the digital signature of the subscriber listed in that certificate; (2) that digital signature was affixed by that subscriber with the intention of signing the message; and (3) the recipient of that digital signature has no knowledge or notice that the signer: (i) breached a duty as a subscriber; or (ii) does not rightfully hold the private key used to affix the digital signature. (d) A digital signature was created before it was time stamped by a disinterested person utilizing a trustworthy system. Subd. 2. Liability allocation. A court of this state shall give effect to liability allocations between the parties provided by contract to the extent not inconsistent with the requirements of this chapter. History:   1997 c 178 s 25
MN Stat § 325K.25 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.25 — Recognition Of Repositories.

325K.25 RECOGNITION OF REPOSITORIES. Subdivision 1. Conditions. The secretary must recognize one or more repositories, after finding that a repository to be recognized: (1) is operated under the direction of a licensed certification authority; (2) includes a database containing: (i) certificates published in the repository; (ii) notices of suspended or revoked certificates published by licensed certification authorities or other persons suspending or revoking certificates; (iii) certification authority disclosure records for licensed certification authorities; (iv) all orders published by the secretary in regulating certification authorities; and (v) other information adopted by rule by the secretary; (3) operates by means of a trustworthy system; (4) contains no significant amount of information that is known or likely to be untrue, inaccurate, or not reasonably reliable; (5) contains certificates published by certification authorities that conform to legally binding requirements that the secretary finds to be substantially similar to, or more stringent toward the certification authorities, than those of this state; and (6) keeps an archive of certificates that have been suspended or revoked, or that have expired, within at least the past three years. Subd. 2. Application. A repository may apply to the secretary for recognition by filing a written request and providing evidence to the secretary sufficient for the secretary to find that the conditions for recognition are satisfied. Subd. 3. Recognition discontinued. A repository may discontinue its recognition by filing 30 days' written notice with the secretary. In addition, the secretary may discontinue recognition of a repository in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, chapter 14, if it concludes that the repository no longer satisfies the conditions for recognition listed in this section or in rules adopted by the secretary. History:  1997 c 178 s 26; 1998 c 321 s 29
MN Stat § 325K.26 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.26 — Rulemaking.

325K.26 RULEMAKING. The secretary may adopt rules effective July 1, 1998, to implement this chapter. History:   1997 c 178 s 27
MN Stat § 325K.27 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325K — Electronic Authentication|Section 325K.27 — Court Rules.

325K.27 COURT RULES. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the authority of the supreme court to adopt rules of pleading, practice or procedure, or of the court of appeals or district courts to adopt supplementary local rules, governing the use of electronic messages and documents, including, but not limited to, rules governing the use of digital signatures in judicial proceedings. History:   1998 c 321 s 30
MN Stat § 325L.01 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 325L — Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 325L.01 — Short Title.

325L.01 SHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as the "Uniform Electronic Transactions Act." History:   2000 c 371 s 1