reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY Real Prop L § 388 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 388 - Guardian Ad Litem.

§  388.  Guardian  ad  litem. In any proceeding to register title, the   court may make an order appointing a disinterested attorney, other  than   the  official  examiner  of  title  by  whom  the title was examined and   reported and certified, to act  as  guardian  ad  litem  for  all  minor   persons  and  for  all  persons  under other disability appearing by the   petition or by the official examiner's report of title to have interests   adverse to those of the petitioner.  The petition for the appointment of   said guardian ad litem may be made by the petitioner  ex  parte  at  any   time  during  the pendency of the proceeding. The guardian ad litem thus   appointed upon the application of the petitioner  may  be  the  attorney   general  of  the  state of New York, unless it appears to the court that   the state of New York has or claims some interest adverse to that of the   person or persons for whom the attorney general would thus be  appointed   guardian  ad  litem.  The  question  as to the existence of such adverse   claim or interest shall be for the court; and an  order  appointing  the   attorney  general  as  such  guardian ad litem shall be sufficient proof   that no such adverse claim or interest exists. Such an  order  shall  be   conclusive  as  a  matter  of law after thirty days from the time when a   certified copy of the final order or judgment  of  registration  in  the   proceeding  is  filed  in  the  office of the registrar of the county in   which the property is situated. It shall be the duty of such guardian ad   litem actively to ascertain and protect as is reasonably  possible,  the   interest  of  all  minor parties to the proceeding and all other parties   under disability. The compensation of such guardian shall be one hundred   dollars, unless the court directs otherwise; but  the  attorney  general   shall not receive any compensation for acting as such guardian ad litem.   No  issue  requiring a trial shall be raised by the answer of a guardian   ad litem of any minor party or party under other  disability  unless  it   shall  affirmatively  appear  by  the  official  examiner's report or by   answer of the guardian ad litem that such minor  party  or  party  under   other disability has an interest adverse to the title or interest sought   to be registered.
NY Real Prop L § 389 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 389 - Any Person Interested May Appear and Defend.

§  389.  Any  person  interested  may  appear  and  defend. Any person   interested in the property, or whose interests may be  affected  by  the   final  order  or  judgment  of  registration  in the proceeding, whether   specifically named in the notice or not, may  enter  his  appearance  by   serving  a  copy of the same on the registrar of the county in which the   property is located and with the clerk of  the  supreme  court  in  such   county,  and  filing the original thereof together with proof of service   with the county clerk on or before the return day or within such further   time as may be allowed by the court; and may enter  his  objections,  if   any,  by  likewise  serving  a  copy of the same on the registrar of the   county in which the property is  located  and  with  the  clerk  of  the   supreme  court  in such county, and filing the original thereof together   with proof of service with the county clerk on or before the return  day   or  within  such  further  time  as may be allowed by the court; and may   oppose the petition for registration of the property as belonging to the   petitioner, or set up a cross-demand to have the title registered in his   own behalf. In any case, he shall state particularly what  his  interest   is and shall specifically state all objections to the petition.
NY Real Prop L § 391 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 391 - Final Orders Conclusive; to Be Entered and Docketed as a Judgment.

§  391.  Final  orders  conclusive;  to  be  entered and docketed as a   judgment. No final order or judgment  of  registration  shall  be  made,   unless   the  court  is  satisfied  that  the  title  to  be  registered   accordingly is free from reasonable doubt. The final order entered  upon   an application for registration is deemed to be a final judgment and may   be  entered  and docketed and enforced as a final judgment in an action.   Before the final order can be docketed,  an  enrollment  must  be  filed   thereupon  as  the  judgment  roll  in an action, as provided in section   three hundred and ninety-three of this chapter.  The  judgment  and  any   order  made  and entered in a proceeding under this act shall, except as   herein otherwise provided, be forever binding and  conclusive  upon  the   state  of  New  York and all persons in the world, whether mentioned and   served with the said notice specifically by name,  or  included  in  the   description,  "all  other  persons, if any, having any right or interest   in, or liens upon, the property affected by this proceeding, or any part   thereof." It shall not be an exception to such conclusiveness  that  any   such  person is an infant, mentally ill or is under any other disability   or is not yet in being.
NY Real Prop L § 392 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 392 - Fraud; Action to Set Aside or Appeal From the Final Order or Judgment of Registration or to Recover the Property.

§  392.  Fraud;  action to set aside or appeal from the final order or   judgment  of  registration  or  to  recover  the  property.  Any   title   registration  procured by or as the result of fraud may be set aside, in   the same manner and by the same proceedings as in the  case  of  a  deed   obtained  by fraud, provided that such proceedings for setting aside the   registration shall not injuriously affect  the  rights  of  an  innocent   purchaser  or  incumbrancer of the property after such registration, for   value and without actual notice of the fraud, and provided further  that   the  action  or  other  proceeding  to  set  aside  such registration be   commenced within ten years  from  the  time  when  the  final  order  or   judgment  of registration was filed in the office of the county clerk of   the county in which the property is located. No action or proceeding  or   appeal shall lie or be commenced, except on the ground of fraud as above   stated,  to  set  aside  or  appeal  from any final order or judgment of   registration or to modify or affect the same  or  for  the  recovery  of   registered property or any estate, right or interest in or lien upon the   same or any part thereof, or to make any entry thereon, adversely to the   title  or  interest  registered therein, as directed by a final order or   judgment of registration of the court, unless such action or  proceeding   or  appeal  is  commenced  or taken within thirty days after a certified   copy of such final order or judgment of registration  is  filed  in  the   office of the registrar of the county in which the property is located.
NY Real Prop L § 393 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 393 - Registration of Title.

§  393.  Registration  of  title.  Upon  entering  the final order and   judgment of registration, an enrollment thereof as a judgment roll in an   action must  be  prepared,  and  filed  in  the  office  of  the  clerk,   consisting  of  the  petition,  the  notice  with  proof of service, the   official examiner's report, all orders and all other papers  necessarily   affecting  the final order of registration.  The clerk upon payment of a   fee of ten dollars shall cause a copy of said judgment  of  registration   to  be  certified  and  transferred  to the registrar of his county, who   shall forthwith file the same in his office.
NY Real Prop L § 394 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 394 - Certificate of Title.

§  394.  Certificate  of  title. The registrar shall make, in the form   prescribed by section four hundred and thirty-five of this  chapter,  an   original  certificate  of  title  of  every  title,  right  or  interest   registered by him pursuant to this article. Said certificate shall  bear   the  date  of  its  issue  (the day and year), and be under the hand and   official seal of the registrar, and be numbered  in  the  order  of  its   issue.  If  the owner is a minor, it shall state his age; if he is under   any other disability, it shall state the nature of such disability.  The   registrar  shall  make proper memorials or notations on the certificate,   showing in such manner as to set forth and  preserve  their  priorities,   the  particulars  of  all  the  estates,  mortgages,  trusts,  liens and   charges, to which such owner's title is subject.  No  such  memorial  or   notation  shall  be  more than one folio (one hundred words), in length;   but it may refer to covenants, restrictions, trusts and  forms  recorded   in  the "book of covenants, restrictions, trusts and forms" provided for   by this article. The form of the first  certificate  of  title,  as  set   forth  in section four hundred and thirty-five of this article, shall be   subject to such changes as may be required in any case.  All  subsequent   certificates  shall  be  in like form, except that in place of the words   "first certificate," et cetera, shall be the words "transfer from number   ........." (the number of the next previous certificate); also the words   "first registered .........." (date of first registration).  On the back   or reverse side of every certificate shall be printed, in plain  legible   type, the whole of section four hundred of this chapter.
NY Real Prop L § 395 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 395 - Title Book.

§  395.  Title  book.  The  registrar shall keep a book or books to be   known respectively as the "title book", wherein he shall enter all first   and subsequent "original" certificates of title by binding or  recording   them  therein,  with  appropriate  blanks for the entry of memorials and   notations prescribed by this article. Said book shall be  of  about  the   size of the conveyance libers, now used in county clerks' and registers'   offices. Each certificate shall constitute a separate leaf of such book.   About two inches of each leaf on the binding edge shall be kept blank on   both sides, to facilitate rebinding. At such times as may be proper, the   registrar  may  rebind  the  certificates in new volumes or title books,   containing respectively  cancelled  and  uncancelled  certificates.  All   memorials and notations, that may be entered in the title book under the   terms  of  this article, shall be entered upon the leaf constituting the   last certificate of title of the property to which they relate.  In  the   county  of  Suffolk,  if a microfilm system for retrieval and display of   the title certificates is used, libers may be stored in a  location  not   accessible  to  the  public. Whenever the term "certificate of title" is   used in this article it shall be deemed as including  all  memorials  or   notations thereupon noted.
NY Real Prop L § 396 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 396 - Duplicate Certificate of Title.

§  396.  Duplicate certificate of title. The registrar shall, upon the   request by the owner in writing, make out an  exact  duplicate  thereof,   with  the  memorials  and  notations  thereon  noted,  which will be the   owner's proof of ownership for the property, and forward the same to the   owner.    This  duplicate  shall  be  known  as  the  owner's  duplicate   certificate of title, and shall be plainly stamped across its face. Only   one  owner's duplicate certificate of title shall be issued. Replacement   of such document shall be made in the manner  prescribed  under  section   four  hundred  fourteen  of  this  chapter.  Said  request  for  owner's   duplicate certificate of title shall be in the form annexed  hereto.  At   the time of filing, two copies of the deed shall be submitted, a copy of   the  deed  shall be conformed and returned to the party indicated in the   return address box.FORM The  undersigned,  one  of  the  Registered  owners  of  the  property   described  in  Certificate number ........ does request the issuance and   delivery of said Owner's Duplicate Certificate of Title to him/her:    Name:   Address:   Signature:
NY Real Prop L § 398 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 398 - Certificate to Include Dealings Pending Registration.

§  398. Certificate to include dealings pending registration. In every   case of initial registration, the certificate of title shall include all   dealings with the real property, and all statutory or other liens  filed   against  the  same,  subsequent to the filing of the application, except   when they are modified or set aside by a judgment, decree  or  order  of   the  court.  On and after the filing with the registrar of the notice of   application for the registration of any real  property,  and  until  the   same  is  registered,  or  the  application  is  denied,  dismissed,  or   discontinued, all papers which are required or permitted by this article   to be filed against  registered  property,  except  the  papers  in  the   action,  shall  be  filed  with  the  registrar  as if the property were   registered.
NY Real Prop L § 399 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 399 - Certificate of Title as Evidence.

§ 399. Certificate of title as evidence. The certificate of title, and   any copy thereof duly certified under the hand and seal of the registrar   and  the owner's duplicate certificate, until the expiration of the time   herein limited to bring an action or proceeding to set aside  the  final   order  or  judgment of registration shall be received as evidence in all   the courts of the state, and in all courts and  places  shall  be  prima   facie  evidence  that  the  provisions of law up to the time of issue of   such certificate or duplicate, or of the  time  of  entry  of  the  last   memorial  thereon, have been complied with, and that such certificate of   title has been  issued  in  compliance  with  a  valid  final  order  or   judgment,  and  that the title to the property is as therein stated; and   after the expiration of such time limited for bringing said  proceedings   to  set aside said final order or judgment, such certificate or copy, up   to the time of its issue, shall be so received as evidence in all courts   of the state, and shall be conclusive evidence of the same facts.  Every   memorial  or notation or cancellation thereof made on any certificate or   duplicate or copy thereof shall be signed by the registrar or his deputy   or his duly authorized deputy or clerk.
NY Real Prop L § 400 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 400 - Rights of Owners of Registered Property; Exceptions; Incumbrances and Transfers to Be Filed.

§   400.   Rights   of  owners  of  registered  property;  exceptions;   incumbrances and  transfers  to  be  filed.  A  person  who  receives  a   certificate  of  title pursuant to a judgment of registration, except in   case of fraud to which he is a party, and a purchaser of registered real   property, who takes a certificate of title for value and in good  faith,   shall  hold  the same free from all incumbrances, charges, trusts, liens   and transfers, except those noted on the certificate in the  registrar's   office, and any of the following which may exist:First.  Liens, claims, or rights arising or existing under the laws or   constitution of the United States, which the statutes of this  state  do   not require to appear of record;Second. Any tax, water rate, or assessment which becomes a lien on the   property  after  initial  registration and for which a sale has not been   made;Third. Any lease or agreement for  a  lease,  made  after  or  pending   registration, for a period not exceeding one year, where there is actual   occupation of the land under the lease or agreement;Fourth.  Easements  or  servitudes  which  accrue against the property   after initial registration in  such  manner  as  not  to  require  their   registration.Except  as  specified  in  the  foregoing  statement of exceptions, no   incumbrance, charge, trust, lien, or transfer shall take effect upon  or   over  real  property  the title to which has been registered, unless the   instrument creating and setting forth such incumbrance,  charge,  trust,   lien,  or  transfer  has been filed with the registrar and a memorial or   notation thereof  made  upon  the  certificate  of  title  covering  the   property.
NY Real Prop L § 401 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 401 - Registered Property Not Affected by Prescription or Adverse Possession.

§  401.  Registered  property  not affected by prescription or adverse   possession.  No title to registered real property, in derogation of that   of the registered owner, shall be acquired by  prescription  or  adverse   possession.
NY Real Prop L § 402 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 402 - Fraud; Notice Only by Registration.

§ 402. Fraud; notice only by registration. Except in case of fraud and   except also as herein otherwise provided, no person taking a transfer of   any  registered  real  property  or of any estate or interest therein or   lien or charge thereon from the registered owner shall  be  required  to   inquire  into  the  circumstances  under which, or the consideration for   which such owner or  any  previously  registered  owner  had  the  title   registered, nor shall such transferee be affected with notice, actual or   constructive, of any unregistered trust, lien, claim, demand or interest   whatever;  and  the  knowledge  that an unregistered trust, lien, claim,   demand or interest is in existence shall not of  itself  be  imputed  or   treated as fraud.
NY Real Prop L § 403 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 403 - Memorial to Be Carried Forward.

§  403. Memorial to be carried forward. (a) Unless written application is made by a mortgagee, who acquires fee title to the premises,  not  to merge  said  mortgage with the fee title, the registrar shall delete the mortgage from the memorial on the certificate of title.  (b) Whenever a memorial or notation has been entered as  permitted  by this  article,  the  registrar  shall  carry  the  same forward upon all certificates of title  until  the  same  is  cancelled  in  some  manner authorized by this article.
NY Real Prop L § 404 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 404 - Registered Property to Remain Registered.

§  404.  Registered  property  to  remain  registered. The bringing of   property under this article shall imply an agreement, running  with  the   land  and  binding upon the applicant and all his successors in interest   or title, that the property shall  be  subject  to  the  terms  of  this   article,  and  all  amendments and alterations thereof, and all dealings   with the property so  registered,  or  any  estate,  right  or  interest   therein,  after  the  same  has been brought under this article, and all   liens,  incumbrances  and  charges  upon  the  same  after   the   first   registration thereof shall be subject to the terms of this article.
NY Real Prop L § 405 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 405 - Registered Property Subject to Same Rights and Burdens as Unregistered Property.

§  405.  Registered  property  subject  to  same rights and burdens as   unregistered property. Registered real property and every estate,  right   and  interest  therein  shall  be  in  all  respects subject to the same   rights, burdens and incidents as unregistered real property,  except  as   otherwise expressly provided in this article or any amendment thereof.
NY Real Prop L § 406 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 406 - Transfers of Registered Property.

§  406.  Transfers  of registered property. A registered owner of real   property, in order to transfer his whole estate or interest therein,  or   any  part  or  parcel  thereof, or any undivided interest therein, shall   execute to the intended transferee a deed or instrument of conveyance in   any form authorized by law. Such deed or instrument of conveyance  shall   have  recited  therein a statement or reference setting forth the source   of the title of the grantor or the circumstances under which  the  title   was  acquired  by  him. Upon filing such deed or other instrument in the   registrar's office and  surrendering  to  the  registrar  the  duplicate   certificate  of  title,  he  shall  then make out and register as herein   provided a new certificate and also an owner's duplicate certificate  of   title  certifying  the  title  to the estate or interest in the property   conveyed to the  transferee  and  shall  enter  upon  the  original  and   duplicate  certificate  the  date  of  the  transfer,  the  name  of the   transferee and the number of the new certificate, and shall stamp across   the  original  and   surrendered   duplicate   certificates   the   word   "cancelled."  Title  to  such  property  shall not pass by such transfer   until the transfer is registered as prescribed by this section.
NY Real Prop L § 407 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 407 - Certificate as to Part of Property Remaining After Transfer.

§  407.  Certificate  as to part of property remaining after transfer.   When only  a  part  of  the  property  described  in  a  certificate  is   transferred,  and  the description of the property is other than full or   specified parts of lots on a map duly filed in the office of the  county   clerk, the transfer must be accompanied by a survey from a licensed land   surveyor  under seal of the said parcel.  Said transfer and survey shall   be filed as a document and memorialized against the certificate.
NY Real Prop L § 409-A (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPP - Real Property Article 12 - Registering Title to Real Property 409-A - Entries in Other Indexes.

§  409-a.  Entries  in  other  indexes. Upon the filing of a notice of   petition and pendency of proceeding in the office of the registrar,  the   recording  officer  of the county or counties in which the land title to   which is sought to be registered is located shall make an entry  of  the   petition   to   register   such  title  in  the  alphabetical  index  of   conveyances, and in counties having a block index system, in  the  block   index of conveyances, showing the date of such filing and in the grantor   column  the  name of the petitioner, and the name of the owner where the   petitioner is the  holder  of  a  contract  to  purchase  the  premises,   together with a reference to the serial or document number given to such   notice  by  the  registrar  and the number of the proceeding to which it   relates.Recording officers are authorized and directed to index in like manner   in the alphabetical index of conveyances, and in counties having a block   index system, in the block index of  conveyances,  all  applications  or   petitions  to  register titles to land heretofore filed in the office of   the registrar of the county.