reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Agric Code § 51.007 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.007. Nonprofit Corporation; Division of Profits

Sec. 51.007.  NONPROFIT CORPORATION;  DIVISION OF PROFITS.  (a)  A society is a cooperative and a nonprofit corporation.(b)  A society, on approval of its directors in accordance with its bylaws, may:(1)  transfer its profits to its surplus fund;  or(2)  divide its profits among its members, in proportion to each member's cash contribution to the society's working capital and patronage to the society.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1098, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.008 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.008. Incorporators

Sec. 51.008.  INCORPORATORS.  To be eligible to incorporate under this chapter, a person must be engaged in agricultural pursuits.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1098, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.009 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.009. Articles of Incorporation

Sec. 51.009.  ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.  (a)  The incorporators shall prepare articles of incorporation under the general corporation laws of the state and shall deliver the articles to the attorney general for approval.(b)  After the attorney general has approved the articles, the incorporators shall file them with the secretary of state under the general corporation laws of the state.(c)  The society shall file with the county clerk a certified copy of the articles in accordance with Section 51.011 of this code.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1098, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.010 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.010. Bylaws and Amendments to Articles of Incorporation

Sec. 51.010.  BYLAWS AND AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.  (a)  Each member of a society shall sign the bylaws of the society.(b)  A society shall obtain the approval of its bylaws and amendments to its articles of incorporation from the attorney general.  After obtaining that approval, the society shall file the bylaws or amendments with the secretary of state.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1099, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.011 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.011. Copies of Articles, Amendments, and Bylaws; Filing With County Clerk

Sec. 51.011.  COPIES OF ARTICLES, AMENDMENTS, AND BYLAWS;  FILING WITH COUNTY CLERK.  (a)  After filing and recording the articles of incorporation, an amendment to the articles, or bylaws, the secretary of state shall issue to a society two certified copies of the instrument.(b)  The society shall keep one certified copy of its articles, amendments to the articles, and bylaws in its files.(c)  The society shall file with the county clerk of the county in which the society is located a certified copy of the articles, amendments to the articles, and bylaws.  The county clerk shall keep those copies for inspection by interested persons but is not required to record them.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1099, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.012 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.012. Membership

Sec. 51.012.  MEMBERSHIP.  (a)  Membership in a society is limited to persons in the community in which the society is located who are engaged in agricultural pursuits.(b)  A person may become a member of a society only if the person is chosen to be a member by:(1)  the incorporators at the time of incorporation;  or(2)  the board of directors under rules prescribed by the corporation's bylaws.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1099, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.013 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.013. Voting

Sec. 51.013.  VOTING.  Each member of a society has one vote in the management of the society.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1099, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.014 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.014. Membership Certificates

Sec. 51.014.  MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATES.  (a)  If a subscriber for membership certificates gives notes for the certificates, a society may not issue the certificates until the notes have been paid in full.(b)  A subscriber who has not paid for the certificates in full is entitled to vote in the management of the society and may borrow from the society in accordance with the society's bylaws.(c)  A subscriber who has not paid for the certificates in full may not receive dividends from the society or share in a distribution of any of its assets.(d)  Membership certificates may not be transferred.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1099, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.015 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.015. Notes as Subscription Contracts

Sec. 51.015.  NOTES AS SUBSCRIPTION CONTRACTS.  Notes given for membership certificates of a society are valid subscription contracts and are the property of the society.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1099, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.016 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.016. Liability of Members

Sec. 51.016.  LIABILITY OF MEMBERS.  (a)  Except as provided by this section, a member of a society is not liable to the society or its creditors for an amount that exceeds the amount unpaid on the member's membership certificates.  When the member pays for the certificates in full, the member's liability ceases.(b)  A society, by clear provisions of its bylaws, may provide that:(1)  each member is liable for an amount, in addition to that provided by Subsection (a) of this section, equal to the price paid for the membership certificates owned by the member and payable on assessment of the board of directors for payment of the society's obligations;  or(2)  each member may waive the right to claim personal property exempt from seizure for the member's obligations to the society.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1099, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.017 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.017. Withdrawal

Sec. 51.017.  WITHDRAWAL.  (a)  A member of a society is entitled to withdraw from the society under rules prescribed by the society's bylaws.(b)  If a member withdraws, the society may return to the member money in an amount equal to the value of the member's contribution to the society's working capital.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1100, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.018 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.018. Suspension; Expulsion

Sec. 51.018.  SUSPENSION;  EXPULSION.  (a)  As prescribed by the society's bylaws, a society may suspend or expel a member for misconduct.(b)  If a member is expelled, the society shall return to the member, at a time provided by its bylaws, money in an amount equal to the value of the member's contribution to the society's working capital.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1100, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.019 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.019. Contributors

Sec. 51.019.  CONTRIBUTORS.  A person who is not engaged in agricultural pursuits may contribute to a society.  The amount of the contribution may not exceed one-third of the outstanding working capital of the society.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1100, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.020 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.020. Forms

Sec. 51.020.  FORMS.  (a)  The attorney general shall prepare and file with the secretary of state forms for the following documents of a society:(1)  articles of incorporation;(2)  amendments of the articles;(3)  bylaws;(4)  rules of the society;(5)  annual reports of the society to its members;(6)  annual reports of the society to the secretary of state;  and(7)  any other forms necessary to make this chapter effective.(b)  The secretary of state shall cause the forms and copies of this chapter to be published and distributed to citizens of the state who are interested.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1100, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.021 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.021. Restriction on Use of Public Money for Incorporation

Sec. 51.021.  RESTRICTION ON USE OF PUBLIC MONEY FOR INCORPORATION.  Public money appropriated to a department of state government or a state institution may not be used in organizing a society.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1100, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.022 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.022. Name

Sec. 51.022.  NAME.  The name of a society must contain the words, "Farmers' Cooperative Society."|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1100, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.023 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.023. Fees

Sec. 51.023.  FEES.  (a)  The secretary of state shall charge fees for filing articles of incorporation or amendments in accordance with this section.(b)  The fee for filing articles of incorporation is $10.(c)  The fee for filing an amendment to the articles of incorporation is $25.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1100, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.  Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4283, ch. 682, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1983.|
TX Agric Code § 51.024 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.024. Report

Sec. 51.024.  REPORT.  (a)  A society shall annually file with the secretary of state a report that shows the condition of its affairs.(b)  The report shall be made on a form that is available to the society under Section 51.020 of this code.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1101, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 51.025 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 51 - Farmers' Cooperative Societies|Section 51.025. Exemption From Franchise Tax

Sec. 51.025.  EXEMPTION FROM FRANCHISE TAX.  A society is not required to pay any annual franchise tax, except that a society is exempt from the franchise tax imposed by Chapter 171, Tax Code, only if exempted by that chapter.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1101, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.  Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2785, ch. 752, Sec. 15(a), eff. Jan. 1, 1982.|
TX Agric Code § 54.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.001. Purpose

Sec. 54.001.  PURPOSE.  A corporation may be formed under this chapter to aid shareholders of its common stock in:(1)  producing, or producing and marketing, staple agricultural products;  or(2)  acquiring, raising, breeding, fattening, or marketing livestock.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1119, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.002. Powers

Sec. 54.002.  POWERS.  (a)  A corporation formed under this chapter may make loans to shareholders of its common stock for:(1)  the production, or production and marketing, of staple agricultural products;(2)  the acquisition, raising, breeding, fattening, or marketing of livestock;  or(3)  the purchase of capital stock of the corporation.(b)  To obtain money for loans, the corporation may purchase, sell, endorse, or discount notes of the shareholders of its common stock if the notes are secured by:(1)  warehouse receipts or shipping documents for the shareholder's agricultural products;(2)  chattel mortgages on the livestock or crops of the shareholder;  or(3)  other acceptable security.(c)  By endorsing a note under Subsection (b) of this section, a corporation becomes liable as a principal maker of the note.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1119, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.003. Incorporators

Sec. 54.003.  INCORPORATORS.  Ten or more persons, five of whom are citizens of this state, may form a corporation under this chapter.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1119, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.004. Capital Stock Requirement for Incorporation

Sec. 54.004.  CAPITAL STOCK REQUIREMENT FOR INCORPORATION.  At the time of filing the articles of incorporation, a corporation formed under this chapter must have fully paid-up capital stock of $10,000 or more.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1119, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.005 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.005. Capital Stock

Sec. 54.005.  CAPITAL STOCK.  (a)  The incorporators or the board of directors of a corporation formed under this chapter may divide the corporation's capital stock into preferred and common stock.(b)  If preferred stock is to be issued, the articles of incorporation must state:(1)  the amount of preferred stock that the corporation may issue;(2)  the conditions and procedure for the payment of dividends on preferred stock;(3)  the rate at which preferred stock dividends are paid;  and(4)  the conditions and procedure for the retirement of preferred and common stock.(c)  A corporation may not pay dividends on its common stock until it has fully paid dividends on its preferred stock at the rate provided by its articles of incorporation.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1120, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.006 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.006. Investment by Other Corporations

Sec. 54.006.  INVESTMENT BY OTHER CORPORATIONS.  After obtaining the approval of the banking commissioner, any corporation organized under the laws of this state other than a savings bank may invest any part of its money in the preferred stock of a corporation formed under this chapter.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1120, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.007 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.007. Investment of Capital

Sec. 54.007.  INVESTMENT OF CAPITAL.  At all times, a corporation formed under this chapter shall have $10,000 or more of its capital invested in securities approved by law for investment by savings banks.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1120, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.008 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.008. Ratio of Capital to Loans

Sec. 54.008.  RATIO OF CAPITAL TO LOANS.  (a)  A corporation formed under this chapter shall automatically increase its capital stock at the rate of five percent of the amount of loans made by the corporation to shareholders of its common stock.(b)  The corporation's articles of incorporation and bylaws must state the requirement of Subsection (a) of this section.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1120, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.009 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.009. Loans and Discounts

Sec. 54.009.  LOANS AND DISCOUNTS.  (a)  Except as provided by this subsection, each applicant for a loan or discount by a corporation formed under this chapter shall become a subscriber of the corporation's common stock in an amount equal to or greater than five percent of the amount of the loan or discount for which the person has applied.  The board of directors may waive this requirement if the applicant owns a sufficient amount of stock at the time of application.(b)  An applicant shall pay for the stock required to be purchased under Subsection (a) of this section at or before the time that the loan is closed or the discount is granted.(c)  The requirements of Subsections (a) and (b) of this section must be stated in the articles of incorporation of a corporation formed under this chapter.(d)  A corporation formed under this chapter may not make loans in excess of an amount equal to 20 times its unimpaired capital stock represented by the part of its capital stock that is increased in accordance with Section 54.008 of this code.(e)  A corporation formed under this chapter may not charge a shareholder of its common stock interest on a loan at a rate that is greater than the rate of discount set by the Farm Credit Administration for discounts made by the federal intermediate credit banks plus three percent a year.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1120, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.010 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.010. Liability of Shareholder

Sec. 54.010.  LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDER.  (a)  Except for debts contracted between a corporation formed under this chapter and a shareholder, a shareholder of common or preferred stock is not liable for the debts, contracts, or engagements of the corporation in an amount greater than the par value of the stock owned by the shareholder.(b)  Both common and preferred stock are nonassessable.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1121, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.011 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.011. Repurchase of Stock

Sec. 54.011.  REPURCHASE OF STOCK.  (a)  A corporation formed under this chapter may purchase, out of its available funds, any of its outstanding stock.(b)  The corporation shall pay book value for stock purchased under this section, as conclusively determined by the corporation's directors.(c)  A corporation formed under this chapter shall state the provisions of Subsections (a) and (b) of this section in its articles of incorporation.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1121, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.012 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.012. Reports

Sec. 54.012.  REPORTS.  Before January 11 and July 11 of each year, a corporation formed under this chapter shall file with the secretary of state a report showing:(1)  its financial condition on January 1 and July 1, respectively;  and(2)  the amount of outstanding preferred and common stock.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1121, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 54.013 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 54 - Mutual Loan Corporations|Section 54.013. Exemption From Franchise Tax

Sec. 54.013.  EXEMPTION FROM FRANCHISE TAX.  Corporations formed under this chapter are not required to pay franchise taxes.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1121, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 55.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 55 - Cooperative Credit Associations|Section 55.001. Powers

Sec. 55.001.  POWERS.  An association formed under this chapter may:(1)  borrow money for and lend money to its members;(2)  discount, rediscount, endorse, purchase, or sell notes, bills, or other evidences of indebtedness of its members that may be discounted or rediscounted under the rules prescribed by the Farm Credit Administration;  and(3)  exercise the powers authorized by the general corporation laws of this state unless the law granting the power conflicts with this chapter.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1121, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 55.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 55 - Cooperative Credit Associations|Section 55.002. Incorporators

Sec. 55.002.  INCORPORATORS.  (a)  Ten or more persons who fulfill the requirements of Subsection (b) of this section may organize a private cooperative credit association.(b)  To be eligible to be an incorporator a person must:(1)  be a citizen of this state;  and(2)  be engaged in the production, or production and marketing, of staple agricultural products or in the raising, breeding, feeding, fattening, or marketing of livestock.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1122, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 55.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 55 - Cooperative Credit Associations|Section 55.003. Articles of Incorporation

Sec. 55.003.  ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.  In addition to the requirements prescribed by the general corporation laws of the state, the articles of incorporation of an association formed under this chapter must state that the association may not obtain loans for, make loans to, purchase notes from, or discount notes for a person who is not a member of the association.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1122, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 55.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 55 - Cooperative Credit Associations|Section 55.004. Capital Stock

Sec. 55.004.  CAPITAL STOCK.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (b) of this section, an association may be organized under this chapter with or without capital stock.(b)  If an association formed under this chapter is organized to lend money secured by chattel mortgages on livestock, the association shall be organized with capital stock.(c)  An association formed under this chapter with capital stock automatically shall increase its stock at the rate of 10 percent of the amount of loans or discounts made by the association to its members.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1122, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|
TX Agric Code § 55.005 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Agriculture Code|Title 4 - Agricultural Organizations|Chapter 55 - Cooperative Credit Associations|Section 55.005. Loans

Sec. 55.005.  LOANS.  (a)  Each applicant for a loan or discount by an association formed under this chapter shall become a subscriber to the association's capital stock in an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount of the loan or discount for which application is made.(b)  The applicant shall pay for the stock required to be purchased by Subsection (a) of this section at or before the time that the loan is closed or the discount is granted.|Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1122, ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981.|