reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 40-8-75 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 4 - Horns, Exhaust Systems, Mirrors, Windshields, Tires, Safety Belts, Energy Absorption Systems|§ 40-8-75. Tire Covers

 Every bus, truck, full trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer, with the exception of local haul pulpwood trucks and local haul waste collection dumping trailers, shall be equipped with suitable metal protectors or substantial flexible flaps on the rearmost wheels to prevent, as far as practicable, such wheels from throwing dirt, gravel, rocks, water, or other materials on the windshields of following vehicles. Such protectors or flaps shall have a ground clearance of not more than one-half of the distance from the center of the rearmost axle to the center of the protector or flap under any conditions of loading of the vehicle and shall be at least as wide as the tires they are covering; provided, however, that if any such bus, truck, full trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer is so designed and constructed that the foregoing requirements are accomplished by means of fenders, body construction, or other enclosures, then the protectors or flaps provided for in this Code section shall not be required.    (Ga. L. 1979, p. 906, § 2; Code 1933, § 68E-406, enacted by Ga. L. 1982, p. 165, § 4; Code 1981, §40-8-75, enacted by Ga. L. 1982, p. 165, § 10.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, §§ 203, 206.   C.J.S.   - 60 C.J.S., Motor Vehicles, § 43 et seq.
GA Code § 40-8-77 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 4 - Horns, Exhaust Systems, Mirrors, Windshields, Tires, Safety Belts, Energy Absorption Systems|§ 40-8-77. Energy Absorption System

  As used in this Code section, the term "private passenger automobile" shall mean a four-wheel motor vehicle designed for carrying ten passengers or less, not for hire, for use on public roads and highways, and not designed for use as a dwelling or for camping, provided that the term "private passenger automobile" shall not include a multipurpose vehicle, which is, for the purposes of this Code section, defined as a motor vehicle, except a trailer, designed to carry ten passengers or less and constructed either on a truck chassis or with special features for occasional off-road operation.   Every new private passenger automobile manufactured on and after August 1, 1973, which is sold or licensed in this state shall be sold subject to the manufacturer's warranty that it is equipped with an appropriate energy absorption system conforming to all federal motor vehicle safety standards applicable to such automobile on the date of manufacture. The warranty may be given by means of the federal safety standard certification label affixed to the automobile.     (Ga. L. 1971, p. 373, §§ 1-3; Ga. L. 1974, p. 8, § 1; Ga. L. 1976, p. 1413, § 1; Code 1933, § 68E-408, enacted by Ga. L. 1982, p. 165, § 4; Code 1981, §40-8-77, enacted by Ga. L. 1982, p. 165, § 10; Ga. L. 1992, p. 2785, § 28.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   "Private passenger automobile" construed.    - Any motor vehicle, meeting other requisites of Ga. L. 1971, p. 373 (see O.C.G.A. § 40-8-77), which is principally designed for use on public roads and highways and the carrying of passengers not for hire is a "private passenger automobile" within the coverage of these provisions, even though it might have subsidiary multi-purpose functions which did not fit within the definition. 1972 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 72-50; 1973 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 73-92.   Criteria for determination.   - Legislative criteria behind these provisions was one of principal-design intention, and in every case the department's application or nonapplication would depend upon a conclusion as to whether the manufacturer had designed the vehicle principally for carrying passengers or whether the passenger-carrying capacity of the vehicle was strictly subsidiary to other functions not within the definition. 1973 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 73-92.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, §§ 1, 184 et seq., 190, 191.   C.J.S.   - 60 C.J.S., Motor Vehicles, §§ 1 et seq., 479, 480.   ALR.    - Express or implied warranty of quality, condition, or fitness of automobile or truck sold by retail dealer, 43 A.L.R. 648.    Express warranty as excluding implied warranty of fitness, 164 A.L.R. 1321.
GA Code § 40-8-78 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 4 - Horns, Exhaust Systems, Mirrors, Windshields, Tires, Safety Belts, Energy Absorption Systems|§ 40-8-78. Safety Glazing

  No person shall sell any motor vehicle manufactured after January 1, 1954, nor shall any such motor vehicle be registered unless such vehicle is equipped with safety glazing materials of a type approved by the commissioner of public safety wherever glazing materials are used in doors, windows, and windshields. The provisions of this Code section shall apply to all passenger-type motor vehicles, including passenger buses and school buses, but in respect to trucks, including truck tractors, the requirements as to safety glazing materials shall apply to all glazing materials used in doors, windows, and windshields in the drivers' compartments of such vehicles.   The term "safety glazing materials" means glazing materials so constructed, treated, or combined with other materials as to reduce substantially, in comparison with ordinary sheet glass or plate glass, the likelihood of injury to persons by objects from exterior sources or by these safety glazing materials when they may be cracked or broken.   Any person engaged in the business of replacing windshields or any side or rear windows of motor vehicles, which are subject to the provisions of this Code section, shall not replace such windshields or side or rear windows with any glazing materials other than safety glazing materials approved by the commissioner.   The commissioner of public safety shall compile and publish in print or electronically a list of types of glazing materials by name approved by him or her as meeting the requirements of this Code section and the commissioner shall not register any motor vehicle which is subject to the provisions of this Code section unless it is equipped with an approved type of safety glazing materials, and he or she shall thereafter suspend the registration of any motor vehicle so subject to this Code section which he or she finds is not so equipped until it is made to conform to the requirements of this Code section.   This Code section shall not be construed to require that side or rear windows of motor vehicles which were replaced or installed prior to January 1, 1954, must be replaced with safety glazing materials as provided in this Code section.     (Code 1933, § 68E-409, enacted by Ga. L. 1982, p. 165, § 4; Code 1981, §40-8-78, enacted by Ga. L. 1982, p. 165, § 10; Ga. L. 1994, p. 97, § 40; Ga. L. 2000, p. 951, § 5B-5; Ga. L. 2005, p. 334, § 19-5/HB 501; Ga. L. 2010, p. 838, § 10/SB 388.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1985, "truck tractors" was substituted for "truck-tractors" in the second sentence of subsection (a).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, §§ 190, 191.   C.J.S.   - 60 C.J.S., Motor Vehicles, §§ 43 et seq., 474 et seq.
GA Code § 40-8-79 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 4 - Horns, Exhaust Systems, Mirrors, Windshields, Tires, Safety Belts, Energy Absorption Systems|§ 40-8-79. Unlawfully Riding in Bed of Pickup Truck; Penalty

 It shall be unlawful for any person under the age of 18 to ride as a passenger in the uncovered bed of a pickup truck on any interstate highway in this state.The driver of any vehicle in violation of this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.    (Code 1981, §40-8-79, enacted by Ga. L. 1990, p. 588, § 2.)
GA Code § 40-8-90 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 5 - Equipment of Law Enforcement and Emergency Vehicles|§ 40-8-90. Restrictions on Use of Blue Lights on Vehicles

    Except as provided in this paragraph and subsection (b) of this Code section, it shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to operate any motor vehicle equipped with or containing a device capable of producing any blue lights, whether flashing, blinking, revolving, or stationary, except:   Motor vehicles owned or leased by any federal, state, or local law enforcement agency;   Motor vehicles with a permit granted by a state agency to bear such lights; or   Antique, hobby, and special interest vehicles, as defined in paragraph (8) of subsection (l) of Code Section 40-2-86.1, which may display a blue light or lights of up to one inch in diameter as part of any such vehicle's rear stop lamps, rear turning indicator, rear hazard lamps, and rear reflectors.     Any person who violates paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.     The prohibition contained in subsection (a) of this Code section shall not apply to any elected sheriff who, pursuant to an agreement between the sheriff and the county governing authority, is using his or her personal motor vehicle in a law enforcement activity, provided such vehicle is marked as provided in Code Section 40-8-91.   It shall be unlawful for any person to use any motor vehicle equipped with flashing, blinking, revolving, or stationary blue lights in the commission of a felony, and, upon conviction of a violation of this subsection, the punishment shall be a fine of not less than $1,000.00 or imprisonment of not less than one year, or both.    (Ga. L. 1966, p. 208, § 1; Ga. L. 1971, p. 781, § 1; Ga. L. 1972, p. 1092, § 1; Ga. L. 1977, p. 1012, § 1; Ga. L. 1984, p. 1193, § 1; Ga. L. 1985, p. 149, § 40; Ga. L. 1992, p. 1287, § 1; Ga. L. 2005, p. 1026, § 1/SB 178; Ga. L. 2010, p. 9, § 1-82/HB 1055.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2005, p. 1026, § 2/SB 178, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the 2005 amendment applies to offenses occurring on or after July 1, 2005.   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Fingerprinting required for violators.    - O.C.G.A. § 40-8-90 is an offense for which those charged with a violation are to be fingerprinted. 2006 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 2006-2.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 60 C.J.S., Motor Vehicles, § 43 et seq.
GA Code § 40-8-91.1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 5 - Equipment of Law Enforcement and Emergency Vehicles|§ 40-8-91.1. Marking and Equipment of All-Terrain Vehicles Used as Law Enforcement Vehicles

  As used in this Code section, the term "all-terrain vehicle" shall have the same meaning as provided for in paragraph (3) of Code Section 40-1-1.   Every all-terrain vehicle must comply with the equipment and marking specifications set forth in this article before such vehicle can be used by law enforcement agencies and officers upon the public roads of this state. All provisions of law relating to safe operation of law enforcement or emergency vehicles shall be applied to the operation of such all-terrain vehicles.   Any all-terrain vehicle which is operated by law enforcement agencies and officers upon the public roads of this state shall be registered and licensed in accordance with the provisions of Code Section 40-2-37.     (Code 1981, §40-8-91.1, enacted by Ga. L. 2006, p. 675, § 1/HB 1216; Ga. L. 2012, p. 726, § 5/HB 795; Ga. L. 2019, p. 277, § 2/HB 101.)    The 2019 amendment,  effective July 1, 2019, substituted "shall have the same meaning as provided for in paragraph (3) of Code Section 40-1-1" for "means any motorized vehicle designed for off-road use which is equipped with four or more nonhighway tires and which is 50 inches or less in width" in subsection (a).
GA Code § 40-8-93 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 5 - Equipment of Law Enforcement and Emergency Vehicles|§ 40-8-93. Flashing Parking or Brake Lights or Directional Signals Not Prohibited

 Nothing contained in Code Sections 40-8-90 and 40-8-92 shall be deemed to apply to nor construed to prohibit blinking or flashing parking or brake lights or directional signals on any motor vehicle.   (Ga. L. 1972, p. 1092, § 6; Ga. L. 1977, p. 1012, § 5.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 8 Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, §§ 789, 790.
GA Code § 40-8-94 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 5 - Equipment of Law Enforcement and Emergency Vehicles|§ 40-8-94. Sirens, Whistles, or Bells

 Any authorized emergency vehicle may be equipped with a siren, whistle, or bell capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than 500 feet, but such siren shall not be used except when such vehicle is operated in response to an emergency call or in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, in which latter event the driver of such vehicle shall sound the siren when necessary to warn pedestrians and other drivers of the approach thereof.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 116.)
GA Code § 40-8-95 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 5 - Equipment of Law Enforcement and Emergency Vehicles|§ 40-8-95. Rules and Regulations

 The commissioner of public safety shall implement any and all provisions of Code Sections 40-8-90, 40-8-92, and 40-8-93 by the promulgation of necessary rules and regulations.   (Ga. L. 1977, p. 1012, § 6; Ga. L. 2000, p. 951, § 5B-7; Ga. L. 2005, p. 334, § 19-7/HB 501.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Prohibition on use of red emergency lights imposable.   - Current Georgia law does not expressly forbid the use of red emergency lights on law enforcement vehicles; but the Board of Public Safety may, by the Board's rules and regulations, impose a prohibition on the use of red emergency lights on law enforcement vehicles. 1983 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 83-32.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, §§ 15, 16, 20.
GA Code § 40-8-96 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 5 - Equipment of Law Enforcement and Emergency Vehicles|§ 40-8-96. Violation of Code Sections 40-8-90 and 40-8-92

 Any person violating Code Sections 40-8-90 and 40-8-92 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.   (Ga. L. 1972, p. 1092, § 5; Ga. L. 1977, p. 1012, § 7.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 21 Am. Jur. 2d, Criminal Law, §§ 1, 18 et seq.   ALR.    - Validity and construction of regulations as to automobile lights, 11 A.L.R. 1226; 78 A.L.R. 815.
GA Code § 40-8-110 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 6 - Equipment of School Buses|§ 40-8-110. Identification and Color

  Every bus used for the transportation of school children shall bear upon the front and rear thereof a plainly visible sign containing the words "SCHOOL BUS" in letters not less than eight inches in height.   On and after January 1, 1971, every new school bus purchased for the transportation of school children shall be painted National School Bus Chrome Yellow.    (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 556, § 89; Ga. L. 1970, p. 586, § 2.)   Cross references.   - Code section not applicable to public transit systems transporting school children, § 40-8-114.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, decisions under former Code 1933, § 68-311 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Failure to mark bus is negligence per se.    - Operation of a bus in transporting school children without the bus being marked "school bus" is negligence per se. Dishinger v. Suburban Coach Co., 84 Ga. App. 498, 66 S.E.2d 242 (1951) (decided under former Code 1933, § 68-311).
GA Code § 40-8-111 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 6 - Equipment of School Buses|§ 40-8-111. Equipment Generally

  Each school bus used for the transportation of school children in the State of Georgia shall be in compliance with the State Board of Education bus specifications for the model year of such school bus.   Each public school system shall be required to maintain each of its school buses in good working condition, including all safety equipment required in accordance with the specifications established pursuant to subsection (a) of this Code section.   Nothing in subsection (a) of this Code section shall apply to motor vehicles operated by a local transit system which transport school children to and from school on regular or scheduled routes of a transit vehicle with regular fare-paying passengers.    (Ga. L. 1970, p. 586, § 2; Ga. L. 1978, p. 1367, §§ 1, 2; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 40; Ga. L. 1986, p. 501, § 1; Ga. L. 1992, p. 2963, § 1; Ga. L. 2004, p. 621, § 8.)   Cross references.   - Code section not applicable to public transit systems transporting school children, § 40-8-114.   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1992, p. 2963, § 2, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: "The requirements of this Act shall apply only to new school buses manufactured on or after January 1, 1993."   Ga. L. 2004, p. 621, § 5, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: "This part [consisting of §§ 5-8 of the Act] shall be known and may be cited as 'Aleana's Law.'"   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, decisions under former Code 1933, § 66-311 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Inapplicability of section to common carrier.    - Predecessor law was intended to apply to busses primarily and exclusively used for transportation of school children to and from school, and not to a bus operating as a common carrier for hire, traveling on a schedule along an established route, and transporting school children only as an incident of the carrier's duty to transport any member of the public who wishes to ride and pays the rider's fare. Hanks v. Georgia Power Co., 86 Ga. App. 654, 72 S.E.2d 198 (1952) (decided under former Code 1933, § 66-311).    Cited in Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Auth. v. Tuck, 163 Ga. App. 132, 292 S.E.2d 878 (1982).   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Standards apply to city transit buses in which children ride.    - Safety and equipment standards set up by Ga. L. 1970, p. 586, § 2 (see now O.C.G.A. § 40-8-111) apply to the buses of a city transit system in which school children ride. 1972 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U72-18.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 7A Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, §§ 87, 282. 8 Am. Jur. 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic, §§ 496, 923.   C.J.S.   - 60 C.J.S., Motor Vehicles, § 189. 78 C.J.S., Schools and School Districts, § 457.
GA Code § 40-8-112 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 6 - Equipment of School Buses|§ 40-8-112. Compliance With State Board Bus Specifications

 Every school bus used to transport children to and from school shall comply with the State Board Bus Specifications prescribed by the State Board of Education.   (Ga. L. 1970, p. 586, § 2.)   Cross references.   - Code section not applicable to public transit systems transporting school children, § 40-8-114.   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Waiver of equipment standards.    - There is no authority which would allow a waiver of the equipment standards enumerated in Ga. L. 1970, p. 586, § 2 (see now O.C.G.A. § 40-8-111). 1977 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 77-43.
GA Code § 40-8-113 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 6 - Equipment of School Buses|§ 40-8-113. Standards Applicable Regardless of Size or Capacity

 The identification and equipment standards provided in this part shall apply to all school buses as defined in paragraph (55) of Code Section 40-1-1 regardless of size or capacity.   (Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1992, p. 6, § 40.)
GA Code § 40-8-114 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 40 - Motor Vehicles and Traffic|Chapter 8 - Equipment and Inspection of Motor Vehicles|Article 1 - Equipment Generally|Part 6 - Equipment of School Buses|§ 40-8-114. Operation of School Buses by Churches, Private Schools, and Local Transit Systems; Transportation of School Children on Buses Owned or Operated by Public Transit Systems

  Notwithstanding any other provision of this title to the contrary, churches, private schools, or local transit systems may operate school buses meeting the equipment, color, and marking requirements of Code Sections 40-8-110 through 40-8-112 and 40-8-115 and drivers of such vehicles shall be required to stop as set forth in Code Section 40-6-163. For purposes of this subsection, only churches and private schools are authorized to comply with Code Sections 40-8-110 through 40-8-112, and only local transit systems are authorized to comply with Code Section 40-8-115.   Notwithstanding any other provision of this title to the contrary, the requirements relating to buses used for the transportation of school children, which requirements are contained in the following Code sections:   Code Section 40-6-160, relating to speed limits;   Code Section 40-6-161, relating to headlamps;   Code Section 40-6-162, relating to use of visual signals;   Code Section 40-6-163, relating to meeting or passing school buses;   Code Section 40-8-110, relating to identification and color;   Code Section 40-8-111, relating to equipment generally;   Code Section 40-8-112, relating to compliance with certain State Board of Education specifications;   Code Section 40-8-115, relating to identification and equipment of certain school buses; and   Code Section 40-8-220, relating to inspection of school buses,  shall not apply to any bus which is owned or operated by a publicly owned and operated transit system and which either transports school children to and from school on regular or scheduled routes with regular fare-paying passengers or which engages in tripper service.       (Ga. L. 1974, p. 633, § 1; Ga. L. 1983, p. 633, § 2.)