reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Harb & Nav Code § 441 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Licensed Pilots for San Pedro Bay|Section 441.

441.  The rates and charges for pilotage services do not include insurance covering the vessel or its owners, agents, charterers, or operators from the consequences of negligence of the pilot supplying the pilotage services, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer.(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 785, Sec. 2.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 442 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Licensed Pilots for San Pedro Bay|Section 442.

442.  Upon reasonable notice from the owners, agents, charterers, or operators, a pilot shall provide insurance covering the vessel, its owners, agents, charterers, or operators from the consequences of negligence of the pilot supplying the pilotage services, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer on a trip insurance basis with limits of coverage established by agreement between the pilot and the party requesting the insurance, the premium of which will be assessed in addition to the rates and charges for the pilotage services.(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 785, Sec. 2.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 443 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Licensed Pilots for San Pedro Bay|Section 443.

443.  The election of the owners, agents, charterers, or operators to use a pilot through whom trip insurance could have been obtained shall constitute a binding and irrevocable agreement on the part of the owners, agents, charterers, and operators to the terms and conditions set forth in Section 444.(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 785, Sec. 2.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 444 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Licensed Pilots for San Pedro Bay|Section 444.

444.  It shall be understood and agreed, and shall be the essence of an agreement under which services of the pilot are tendered to and are accepted by owners, agents, charterers, or operators, as follows:(a) The vessel requesting pilotage services and its owners, agents, charterers, and operators covenant and agree not to assert a claim against the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer for damages, including any rights over, arising out of, or connected with, directly or indirectly, any damage, loss, or expense sustained by the vessel, its owners, agents, charterers, operators, or crew, and by any third parties, even though resulting in whole or in part from acts, omissions, or negligence of the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer. The vessel and its owners, agents, charterers, and operators further covenant and agree, subject to any limitation of liability to which they are entitled by reason of any contract, bill of lading, statute, or other provision of law in force, to indemnify and hold harmless the pilot, the pilot’s employer, and other employees of the pilot’s employer with respect to liability arising from any and all claims, suits, or actions, by whomsoever asserted, resulting in whole or in part from acts, omissions, or negligence of the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer. These covenants and agreements do not apply to liability and rights that may arise from the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of the pilot’s employer.(b) If any vessel on whose behalf pilotage services are requested is not owned by the person or entity ordering the services, that person or entity warrants its authority to bind the vessel and its owners, charterers, and operators to all the provisions contained in subdivision (a), and that person and entity agree to indemnify and hold harmless the pilot, the pilot’s employer, and other employees of the pilot’s employer with respect to all losses, damages, and expenses that may be suffered or incurred in consequence of the person or entity not having that authority.(c) Pilotage services are voluntarily requested and are voluntarily rendered in reliance upon the terms specified in subdivisions (a) and (b).(d) This article does not affect the rights of third parties against a vessel, its master, owners, agents, charterers, or operators, or a pilot, the pilot’s employer, or other employees of a pilot’s employer.(e) This article does not preclude any pilot or pilot’s employer from entering into contracts with the owners, agents, charterers, or operators of a vessel that contain additional pilotage terms and conditions.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 343. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 445 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 445.

445.  (a) The Marine Exchange of Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor, Inc., hereafter referred to as the marine exchange, a corporation organized under the Non-Profit Mutual Benefit Corporation Law, Part 3 (commencing with Section 7110) of Division 2 of Title 1 of the Corporations Code, may operate a vessel traffic service, in cooperation with, and subject to the supervision of, the United States Coast Guard, for the waters of San Pedro Bay, San Pedro Channel, and Santa Monica Bay, within a radius of 25 nautical miles of the Point Fermin Light. These waters shall be known in this article as the “VTS area.”(b) This article applies only to the VTS area.(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 362, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 445.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 445.5.

445.5.  “Covered vessel,” as used in this article, means any of the following:(a) Every power-driven vessel of 40 meters (approximately 131 feet) or more in length, while navigating.(b) Every towing vessel of 8 meters (approximately 26 feet) or more in length, while navigating. “Towing vessel,” as used in this article, means any commercial vessel engaged in towing another vessel astern or alongside or by pushing it ahead.(c) Every vessel issued a certificate to carry 50 or more passengers for hire, when engaged in trade.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 362, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 446 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 446.

446.  Prior to entering the VTS area, every covered vessel shall report to the marine exchange the vessel’s name, call sign, location, course, speed, destination, estimated time of arrival, and any impairment to the operation or navigation of the vessel, and, while transiting the VTS area, every covered vessel shall comply with the requirements of Section 447.5.(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 362, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 446.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 446.5.

446.5.  The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach may impose fees upon all covered vessels within the VTS area to pay the cost of operating the vessel traffic service.(Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 969, Sec. 2.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 447 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 447.

447.  The following vessels, while transiting the VTS area, shall comply with the requirements of Section 447.5:(a) Every power-driven vessel of 20 meters or more in length.(b) Every vessel of 100 gross tons or more carrying one or more passengers for hire.(c) Every dredge and floating plant.(Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 362, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 447.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 447.5.

447.5.  While transiting the VTS area, every vessel described in Sections 445.5 and 447 shall do all of the following:(a) Maintain continuous radio monitoring or communication with the marine exchange on the radio channel dedicated to the vessel traffic service.(b) Respond promptly when hailed by the marine exchange.(c) Communicate with the marine exchange in the English language.(d) Comply with all VTS measures established by the marine exchange that do not conflict with federal and state statutes or regulations or the Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbor Safety Plan prepared pursuant to Section 8670.23.1 of the Government Code.(Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 362, Sec. 10. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 448 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 448.

448.  The vessel traffic service shall be advisory in nature. Nothing in this article relieves, or is intended to relieve, any vessel, its owners, agents, charterers, operators, or other responsible or designated parties of command of the vessel or of any responsibilities they would otherwise have respecting the navigation and operation of any vessel. Each vessel within the VTS area shall be responsible for its safe navigation in accordance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) and any other international and local rules and regulations.(Added by renumbering Section 447 by Stats. 1996, Ch. 362, Sec. 8. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 448.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 448.5.

448.5.  (a) It shall be understood and agreed, and shall be the essence of the marine exchange’s operation of the vessel traffic service, that the marine exchange act as agent of each vessel subject to the requirements of this article within the VTS area in providing vessel traffic information and performing all other acts incidental to operation of the vessel traffic service.(b) No vessel subject to the requirements of this article shall assert any claim against the marine exchange or any officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange for any damage, loss, or expense, including any rights of indemnity or other rights of any kind, sustained by the vessel or its owners, agents, charterers, operators, crew, or third parties arising out of, or connected with, directly or indirectly, the marine exchange’s operation of the vessel traffic service, even though resulting in whole or in part from negligent acts or omissions, of the marine exchange or any officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange.(c) Each vessel subject to the requirements of this article shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the marine exchange and its officers, directors, employees, and representatives from any and all claims, suits, or actions of any nature by whomsoever asserted, even though resulting or alleged to have resulted from negligent acts or omissions of the marine exchange or an officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange.(d) Nothing in subdivisions (b) and (c) shall affect liability or rights that may arise by reason of the gross negligence or intentional or willful misconduct of the marine exchange or an officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange in the operation of the vessel traffic service.(Added by renumbering Section 448 by Stats. 1996, Ch. 362, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 449 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 449.

449.  (a) The marine exchange and its officers and directors are subject to Section 5047.5 of the Corporations Code to the extent that the marine exchange meets the criteria specified in that section.(b) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to include the marine exchange or its officers, directors, employees, or representatives within the meaning of “responsible party” as defined in Section 8670.3 of the Government Code and subdivision (p) of Section 8750 of the Public Resources Code for the purposes of the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act (Article 3.5 (commencing with Section 8574.1) of Chapter 7 and Chapter 7.4 (commencing with Section 8670.1) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code and Division 7.8 (commencing with Section 8750) of the Public Resources Code).(Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 35, Sec. 61. (SB 861) Effective June 20, 2014.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 449.3 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 449.3.

449.3.  The marine exchange shall cooperate fully with the administrator appointed pursuant to Section 8670.4 of the Government Code in the development and implementation of the vessel traffic service system required by Section 8670.21 of the Government Code. Upon certification by the administrator that, pursuant to Section 8670.21, the Coast Guard has commenced operation of a fully federally funded vessel traffic service system for the Los Angeles/Long Beach harbor, the authorization contained in Section 445 for the marine exchange to operate a vessel traffic service is revoked.(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 796, Sec. 40. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 449.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 1 - Vessels Generally|ARTICLE 4 - Vessel Traffic Service|Section 449.5.

449.5.  (a) Upon request by the administrator, the marine exchange shall submit a complete description and operational status report of the vessel traffic service. After a public hearing, the administrator shall, in accordance with paragraph (8) of subdivision (f) of Section 8670.21 of the Government Code, determine whether the elements and operation of the vessel traffic service are consistent with the harbor safety plan for the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors developed pursuant to Section 8670.23.1 of the Government Code and the standards of a statewide vessel traffic service plan or system developed pursuant to Section 8670.21 of the Government Code.(b) If, pursuant to subdivision (a), the administrator determines that the vessel traffic service is inconsistent with the harbor safety plan for the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors developed pursuant to Section 8670.23.1 of the Government Code and the standards of a statewide vessel traffic service plan or vessel traffic monitoring and communications system developed pursuant to Section 8670.21 of the Government Code, the administrator shall issue an order to the marine exchange which specifies modifications to the vessel traffic service to eliminate the inconsistencies.(c) If the marine exchange has not complied with an order within six months of issuance, then the administrator, after a public hearing, may take any or all of the following actions: (1) Impose on the marine exchange an administrative fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000) for each day the marine exchange does not comply with the administrator’s order. (2) Administratively revoke the authorization provided to the marine exchange by Section 445 to operate the vessel traffic service. (d) If authorization for the marine exchange to operate the vessel traffic service is revoked pursuant to this section, the administrator shall take any action that is necessary to expeditiously establish a vessel traffic service for the Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors. The action may include the assessment of fees on vessels, port users, and ports, and the making of needed expenditures, as provided in subdivision (d) of Section 8670.21.(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 796, Sec. 41. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 450 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 450.

450.  Bottomry is a contract by which a vessel or its freightage is hypothecated as security for a loan, which is to be repaid only if the vessel survives a particular risk, voyage, or period.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 451 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 451.

451.  The owner of a vessel may hypothecate it or its freightage, upon bottomry, for any lawful purpose, and at any time and place.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 452 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 452.

452.  The master of a vessel may hypothecate it upon bottomry only for the purpose of procuring repairs or supplies which are necessary for accomplishing the objects of the voyage, or for securing the safety of the vessel.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 453 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 453.

453.  The master of a vessel can hypothecate it upon bottomry only when he can not otherwise relieve the necessities of the vessel, and is unable to reach adequate funds of the owner, or to obtain any funds upon the personal credit of the owner, and when previous communication with the owner is precluded by the urgent necessity of the case.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 454 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 454.

454.  The master of a vessel may hypothecate freightage upon bottomry, under the same circumstances as those which authorize an hypothecation of the vessel by him.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 455 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 455.

455.  Upon a contract of bottomry, the parties may lawfully stipulate for a rate of interest higher than that allowed by the law upon other contracts. But a competent court may reduce the rate stipulated when it appears unjustifiable and exorbitant.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 456 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 456.

456.  A lender upon a contract of bottomry, made by the master of a vessel, as such, may enforce the contract, though the circumstances necessary to authorize the master to hypothecate the vessel did not in fact exist, if, after due diligence and inquiry, the lender had reasonable grounds to believe, and did in good faith believe, in the existence of such circumstances.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 457 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 457.

457.  A stipulation in a contract of bottomry, imposing any liability for the loan independent of the maritime risks, is void.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 458 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 458.

458.  If there is a total loss of the thing hypothecated, from a risk to which the loan was subject, the lender upon bottomry can recover nothing; if a partial loss, he can recover only to the extent of the net value to the owner of the part saved.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 459 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 459.

459.  Unless it is otherwise expressly agreed, a bottomry loan becomes due immediately upon the termination of the risk, although a term of credit is specified in the contract.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 460 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 460.

460.  A bottomry lien is independent of possession, and is lost by omission to enforce it within a reasonable time.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 461 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 461.

461.  A bottomry lien, if created out of a real or apparent necessity, in good faith, is preferred to every other lien or claim upon the same thing, excepting only a lien for seamen’s wages, a subsequent lien of material-men for supplies or repairs indispensable to the safety of the vessel, and a subsequent lien for salvage.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 462 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 1 - Bottomry|Section 462.

462.  Of two or more bottomry liens on the same subject, the latter in date has preference, if created out of necessity.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 470 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 2 - Respondentia|Section 470.

470.  Respondentia is a contract by which all or part of a cargo is hypothecated as security for a loan, the repayment of which is dependent on maritime risks.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 471 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 2 - Respondentia|Section 471.

471.  The owner of cargo may hypothecate it upon respondentia, at any time and place, and for any purpose.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 472 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 2 - Respondentia|Section 472.

472.  The master of a vessel may hypothecate its cargo upon respondentia only if all of the following conditions exist:(a) He would be authorized to hypothecate the vessel and freightage.(b) He is unable to borrow sufficient money on the vessel and freightage for repairs or supplies which are necessary for the successful accomplishment of the voyage.(c) There is a reasonable prospect of benefiting the cargo.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 473 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 2 - Respondentia|Section 473.

473.  The owner of a vessel is bound to repay to the owner of its cargo all which the latter is compelled to pay in order to discharge a lien under a contract of respondentia made by the master.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)
CA Harb & Nav Code § 474 (2021)
2021 California Code|Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC|DIVISION 3 - VESSELS|CHAPTER 2 - Civil Actions and Liens|ARTICLE 2 - Respondentia|Section 474.

474.  The provisions of sections 455 to 462 of this code apply equally to loans on respondentia.(Enacted by Stats. 1937, Ch. 368.)