reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 23-534 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter II-A - Currency Seized by the Metropolitan Police Department|§ 23-534. Applicability

The provisions of this subchapter shall apply to any seized currency in possession of the Metropolitan Police Department on the effective date of the regulations implementing this subchapter.  (October 4, 2000, D.C. Law 13-160, § 402, 47 DCR 4619.)
DC Code § 23-543 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-543. Possession, sale, distribution, manufacture, assembly, and advertising of wire or oral communication intercepting devices prohibited

(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in subsection (b) of this section, any person who in the District of Columbia — (1) willfully possesses, sells, distributes, manufactures, or assembles an intercepting device, the design of which renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of a wire or oral communication; or (2) willfully places in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement of — (A) any intercepting device, the design of which renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of a wire or oral communication; or (B) any intercepting device where such advertisement promotes the use of such device for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of a wire or oral communication; shall be fined not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01] or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (b) It shall not be unlawful under this section for — (1) a communication common carrier or an officer, agent, or employee of, or a person under contract with a communication common carrier, in the usual course of the communication common carrier’s business; or (2) a person under contract with the Government of the United States, a State or a political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, or an officer, agent, or employee of the Government of the United States, a State or a political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia; to possess, sell, distribute, manufacture or assemble, or advertise any intercepting device, while acting in furtherance of the appropriate activities of the United States, a State or political subdivision thereof, the District of Columbia, or a communication common carrier.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 618, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); June 11, 2013, D.C. Law 19-317, § 283(b), 60 DCR 2064.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-543. 1973 Ed., § 23-543. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-544 and § 23-556. Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 19-317 substituted “not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01]” for “not more than $10,000” in (a). Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 days) amendment of this section, see § 283(b) of the Criminal Fine Proportionality Emergency Act of 2013 (D.C. Act 20-45, April 1, 2013, 60 DCR 5400, 20 DCSTAT 1300). Editor's Notes Applicability of D.C. Law 19-317: Section 401 of D.C. Law 19-317 provided that the act shall apply only to offenses committed on or after June 11, 2013.
DC Code § 23-544 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-544. Confiscation of wire or oral communication intercepting devices

Any intercepting device in the District of Columbia — (1) possessed; (2) used; (3) sold; (4) distributed; or (5) manufactured or assembled; in violation of section 23-542 or 23-543 may be seized and forfeited to the District of Columbia. Insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, all provisions of law relating to the seizure, summary and judicial forfeiture, and condemnation of property for violation of the customs laws; the disposition of such property; the remission or mitigation of such forfeitures; the compromise of claims; and the award of compensation to informers in respect of such forfeitures shall apply to seizures and forfeitures incurred, or alleged to have been incurred, under the provisions of this title; except that such duties as are imposed upon the customs officer or any other person with respect to the seizure and forfeiture of property under the customs laws shall be performed with respect to seizures and forfeitures of property under this section by such officers, agents or other persons as may be authorized or designated for that purpose by the Mayor, except to the extent that such duties arise from seizures and forfeitures effected by any customs officer. The proceeds from the sale of any property forfeited under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the general fund of the District of Columbia.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 619, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); Apr. 30, 1988, D.C. Law 7-104, § 7(b), 35 DCR 147.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-544. 1973 Ed., § 23-544. Change in Government This section originated at a time when local government powers were delegated to the District of Columbia Council and to a Commissioner of the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act, 87 Stat. 818, § 711 ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.11), abolished the District of Columbia Council and the Office of Commissioner of the District of Columbia. These branches of government were replaced by the Council of the District of Columbia and the Office of Mayor of the District of Columbia, respectively. Accordingly, and also pursuant to § 714(a) of such Act ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.14(a)), appropriate changes in terminology were made in this section.
DC Code § 23-545 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-545. Immunity of witnesses. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 931, Pub. L. 91-452, title II, § 252.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-545.
DC Code § 23-548 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-548. Additional procedure for approval of interception of wire or oral communications

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, any investigative or law enforcement officer, specially designated by the United States attorney for the District of Columbia, who reasonably determines that — (1) an emergency situation exists with respect to conspiratorial activities characteristic of organized crime that requires a wire or oral communication to be intercepted before an order authorizing the interception can with due diligence be obtained, and (2) there are grounds upon which an order could be entered under this subchapter to authorize interception, may intercept the wire or oral communication if an application for an order approving the interception is initiated in accordance with this section within twelve hours and is completed within seventy-two hours after the interception has occurred, or begins to occur. In the absence of an order, the interception shall immediately terminate when the communication sought is obtained or when the application for the order is denied, whichever is earlier. In the event the application for approval is denied, or in any other case where the interception is terminated without an order having been issued, the contents of any wire or oral communication intercepted shall be treated as having been obtained in violation of this subchapter, and an inventory shall be served as provided for in section 23-550 on the person named in the application. (b) When an investigative or law enforcement officer, while engaged in intercepting wire or oral communications in the manner authorized by this subchapter, intercepts wire or oral communications relating either to offenses other than those specified in the order of authorization or to offenses other than those offenses for which interception was made pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, he shall make an application to a judge as soon as practicable for approval for disclosure and use, in accordance with section 23-553, of the information intercepted.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 623, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-548. 1973 Ed., § 23-548. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-550, § 23-555, and § 23-556.
DC Code § 23-549 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-549. Maintenance and custody of records

(a) The contents of any wire or oral communication intercepted by any means authorized by this subchapter shall, if possible, be recorded on tape or wire or other comparable device. The recording of the contents of any wire or oral communication under this subchapter shall be done in such way as will protect the recording from editing or other alterations. Immediately upon the expiration of the period of the order, or extensions thereof, the recordings shall be made available to the judge issuing the order and sealed under his directions. Custody of the recordings shall be wherever the judge orders. They shall not be destroyed except upon an order of the issuing or denying judge and in any event shall be kept for ten years. Duplicate recordings may be made for use or disclosure pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of section 23-553, for investigations. The presence of the seal provided for by this subsection, or a satisfactory explanation for the absence thereof, shall be a prerequisite for the use or disclosure of the contents of any wire or oral communication or evidence derived therefrom under subsection (b) of section 23-553. (b) Applications made and orders granted under this subchapter shall be sealed by the judge. Custody of the applications and orders shall be wherever the judge directs. The applications and orders shall be disclosed only upon a showing of good cause before a judge of competent jurisdiction and shall not be destroyed except on order of the issuing or denying judge, and in any event shall be kept for ten years. (c) Any violation of the provisions of this subsection may be punished as contempt of court.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 624, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-549. 1973 Ed., § 23-549. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-551 and § 23-556.
DC Code § 23-550 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-550. Inventory

Within a reasonable time but not later than ninety days after the filing of an application for an order of approval under section 23-548 which is denied, or the termination of the period of any order or extensions thereof, the issuing or denying judge shall cause to be served, on the persons named in the order or the application, and such other parties to intercepted communications as the judge may determine, in his discretion, are necessary in the interest of justice, an inventory which shall include notice of — (1) the fact of the entry of the order or the application for an order of approval which was denied; (2) the date of the entry of the order or the denial of the application for an order of approval; (3) the period of authorized, approved, or disapproved interception; and (4) whether during the period wire or oral communications were intercepted. The judge, upon the filing of a motion, may in his discretion make available to the person or his counsel for inspection such portions of the intercepted communications, applications, and orders as the judge determines to be in the interests of justice. On an ex parte showing of good cause to a judge, the serving of the inventory required by this subsection may be postponed.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 624, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-550. 1973 Ed., § 23-550. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-548, § 23-551, and § 23-556.
DC Code § 23-551 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-551. Procedure for disclosure and suppression of intercepted wire or oral communications

(a) The contents of any intercepted wire or oral communication or evidence derived therefrom shall not be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, department, officer, agency, regulatory body, or other authority of the United States or the District of Columbia unless not less than ten days before the trial, hearing, or proceeding — (1) the inventory as provided in section 23-550 has been served; and (2) the parties to the action have been served with a copy of the order and accompanying application under which the interception was authorized or approved. This ten-day period may be waived by court order where a court finds that it was not possible to furnish the party with the above information ten days before the trial hearing, or proceeding and that the party will not be prejudiced by the delay in receiving the information. (b) Any aggrieved person in any trial, hearing, or proceeding in or before any court, department, officer, agency, regulatory body, or other authority of the United States or the District of Columbia, may move to suppress the contents of any intercepted wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, on the grounds that — (1) the communication was unlawfully intercepted; (2) the order of authorization or approval under which it was intercepted is insufficient on its face; (3) the interception was not made in conformity with the order of authorization or approval; (4) service was not made as provided in section 23-547; or (5) the seal prescribed by section 23-549(a) is not present and there is no satisfactory explanation for its absence. The motion shall be made before the trial, hearing or proceeding unless there was no opportunity to make the motion or the person was not aware of the grounds of the motion. If the motion is granted, the contents of the intercepted wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, shall be treated as having been obtained in violation of this subchapter and shall not be received in evidence in the trial, hearing, or proceeding. The judge, upon the filing of the motion by the aggrieved person, may in his discretion make available to the aggrieved person or his counsel for inspection such portions of the intercepted communication or evidence derived therefrom as the judge determines to be in the interests of justice.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 624, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); Dec. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 1390, Pub. L. 91-530, § 2(c).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-551. 1973 Ed., § 23-551. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-552 and § 23-556.
DC Code § 23-552 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-552. Government appeals

In addition to any other right to appeal, the United States or the District of Columbia, as the case may be, shall have the right to appeal from an order granting a motion to suppress made under section 23-551 or from the denial of an application for an order of approval, if the United States or the District of Columbia, as the case may be, shall certify to the judge or other official granting such motion or denying the application that the appeal is not taken for purposes of delay. Appeal shall be taken within thirty days after the date the order was entered and shall be diligently prosecuted.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 625, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-552. 1973 Ed., § 23-552. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-556.
DC Code § 23-553 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-553. Authorization for disclosure and use of intercepted wire or oral communications

(a) Any investigative or law enforcement officer who, by any authorized means and in conformity with this subchapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents of any wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, may disclose or use such contents or evidence to the extent that such disclosure or use is appropriate to the proper performance of his official duties. (b) Any person who, by any authorized means and in conformity with this subchapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents of any wire or oral communication intercepted in accordance with this subchapter, or other lawful authority, or evidence derived therefrom, may disclose the contents of such communication or evidence while giving testimony under oath or affirmation in any criminal trial, hearing, or proceeding before any grand jury or court. (c) The contents of any wire or oral communication intercepted in conformity with this subchapter, or evidence derived therefrom, may otherwise be disclosed or used only by court order upon a showing of good cause.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 625, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-553. 1973 Ed., § 23-553. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-548, § 23-549, and § 23-556.
DC Code § 23-554 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-554. Authorization for recovery of civil damages

(a) Any person whose wire or oral communication is intercepted, disclosed, or used in violation of this subchapter shall — (1) have a civil cause of action against any person who intercepts, discloses, or uses, or procures any other person to intercept, disclose, or use, such communications; and (2) be entitled to recover from any such person — (A) actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages computed at the rate of $100 a day for each day of violation, or $1,000 whichever is higher; (B) punitive damages; and (C) a reasonable attorney’s fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred. (b) Good faith reliance on a court order or legislative authorization shall constitute a complete defense to an action brought under this section or any other law. (c) As used in this section, the term “person” includes the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia shall not assert any governmental immunity to avoid liability under this section. Judgment against the District of Columbia shall not constitute a bar to action against any other person.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 626, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-554. 1973 Ed., § 23-554. Section References This section is referenced in § 23-556. Cross References Return of property by Property Clerk, see § 5-119.06.
DC Code § 23-556 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter III - Wire Interception and Interception of Oral Communications|§ 23-556. Relation to Federal law on wire interception and interception of oral communications

(a) Sections 23-542, 23-543, 23-545 [repealed], 23-553, 23-554, and 23-555 of this subchapter shall be construed to supplement, and not to supersede or otherwise limit, the provisions of chapter 119 of Title 18, United States Code (relating to wire interception and interception of oral communications). (b) Sections 23-546, 23-547, 23-548, 23-549, 23-550, 23-551, and 23-552 of this subchapter shall be construed not to supersede or otherwise limit the provisions of chapter 119 of Title 18, United States Code, except in cases of irreconcilable conflict.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 627, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-556. 1973 Ed., § 23-556. References in Text Section 23-545, referred to in subsection (a) of this section, was repealed by the Act of October 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 931, Pub. L. 91-452, § 252.
DC Code § 23-561 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 23 - Criminal Procedure. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Warrants and Arrests|Subchapter IV - Arrest Warrant and Summons|§ 23-561. Issuance, form, and contents

(a)(1) A judicial officer may issue a warrant for the arrest of any person upon a sworn complaint which states facts constituting an offense over which the judicial officer has jurisdiction for trial or preliminary examination, and establishing probable cause to believe that the person committed the offense. More than one warrant may issue on the same complaint. (2) Upon request of the prosecutor, a summons shall issue instead of an arrest warrant. More than one summons may issue on the same complaint. If a person fails to appear in response to a summons, a warrant shall issue for his arrest. (b)(1) An arrest warrant shall be signed by the judicial officer and shall state or contain the name of the issuing court, the date of issuance of the warrant, a description of the offense charged, and the name of the person to be arrested or, if his name is unknown, any name or description by which he can be identified with reasonable certainty. It shall command that the person be arrested and brought before the issuing court or officer. (2) A summons shall be in the same form as an arrest warrant except that it shall summon the person named to appear before the issuing court or officer at a stated time and place. (c) An arrest warrant may be directed to a specific law enforcement officer or to any classifications of officers of the Metropolitan Police of the District of Columbia or other agency authorized to make arrests or execute process. (d) Each complaint shall be made in writing upon oath or affirmation. Except for good cause shown, no warrant shall be issued unless the complaint has been approved by an appropriate prosecutor.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 627, Pub. L. 91-358, title II, § 210(a); Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1456, Pub. L. 93-481, § 4(e).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 23-561. 1973 Ed., § 23-561.