reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 55.1-201 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-201. Contracts of, and actions by and against, married persons

A married person may contract and be contracted with and sue and be sued in the same manner and with the same consequences as if he were unmarried, regardless of the date on which the right or liability asserted by or against him accrued. In an action by a married person to recover for a personal injury inflicted on him, he may recover the entire damage sustained, including the personal injury and expenses arising out of the injury, whether chargeable to him or his spouse, notwithstanding that the spouse may be entitled to the benefit of his services about domestic affairs and consortium, and any sum recovered therein shall be chargeable with expenses arising out of the injury, including hospital, medical, and funeral expenses, and any person, including the spouse, partially or completely discharging such debts shall be reimbursed out of the sum recovered in the action, whensoever paid, to the extent that such payment was justified by services rendered or expenses incurred by the obligee, provided that written notice of such claim for reimbursement, and the amount and items thereof, shall be served on such married person and on the defendant prior to any settlement of the sum recovered by him, and no action for such injury, expenses, or loss of services or consortium shall be maintained by his spouse.Code 1919, § 5134; 1932, p. 21; Code 1950, § 55-36; 1950, p. 460; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-202 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-202. Spouse not responsible for other spouse's contracts, etc.; mutual liability for necessaries; responsibility of personal representative

Except as otherwise provided in this section, a spouse shall not be responsible for the other spouse's contract or tort liability to a third party, whether such liability arose before or after the marriage. The doctrine of necessaries as it existed at common law shall apply equally to both spouses, except where they are permanently living separate and apart, but shall in no event create any liability between such spouses as to each other. No lien arising out of a judgment under this section shall attach to the judgment debtors' principal residence held by them as tenants by the entirety or that was held by them as tenants by the entirety prior to the death of either spouse where the tenancy terminated as a result of the death of either spouse.Code 1919, § 5134; 1932, p. 22; Code 1950, § 55-37; 1984, c. 504; 1985, c. 202; 2012, c. 45; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-203 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-203. Spouse's right of entry into land not barred by certain judgments; when a spouse may defend his right in lands that are his inheritance

A spouse shall not be barred of his right of entry into land by a judgment in the other spouse's lifetime by default or collusion, but after the other spouse's death may prosecute the same by any proper action; or, in the lifetime of the other spouse, if the other spouse will not appear or, against the spouse's consent, will render the spouse's lands during the coverture in an action against both spouses for lands that are the spouse's inheritance, the spouse may come at any time before judgment and defend his right.Code 1919, § 5441; Code 1950, § 55-38; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-204 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-204. Rights of spouse not affected by other spouse's acts only

No conveyance or other act by one spouse only of any land that is the inheritance of the other spouse shall be or make any discontinuance thereof, or be prejudicial to the other spouse or his heirs or to any having right or title to the same by his death, but they may respectively enter into such land, according to their right and title in such land, as if no such conveyance or act had been done.Code 1919, § 5442; Code 1950, § 55-39; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-205 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-205. Conveyance from married persons; effect on right of either spouse

When persons married to each other have signed and delivered a writing purporting to convey any estate, real or personal, such writing, whether recorded or not, shall (i) if delivered prior to January 1, 1991, operate to convey from the spouse her right of dower or his right of curtesy in the real estate embraced in such writing and (ii) if delivered after December 31, 1990, operate to manifest the spouse's written consent or joinder, as contemplated in § 64.2-305 or 64.2-308.9 to the transfer embraced in such writing. In either case, the writing passes from such spouse and his representatives all right, title, and interest of every nature that at the date of such writing he may have in any estate conveyed thereby as effectually as if he were at such date an unmarried person. If, in either case, the writing is a deed conveying a spouse's land, no covenant or warranty in such land on behalf of the other spouse joining in the deed shall operate to bind him any further than to convey his interest in such land, unless it is expressly stated that such spouse enters into such covenant or warranty for the purpose of binding himself personally.Code 1919, § 5211; Code 1950, § 55-41; 1977, c. 147; 1990, c. 831; 1991, c. 625; 1992, cc. 617, 647; 2016, cc. 187, 269; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-206 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-206. How infant spouse may release interests in spouse's property

Notwithstanding the disability of infancy, on or after January 1, 1991, an infant spouse, whether married before or after January 1, 1991, may release his marital rights in the other spouse's real or personal property by uniting in any contract, deed, or other instrument executed by the other spouse or by a commissioner of a court pursuant to an order entered under §§ 8.01-67 through 8.01-77 or any other law with respect to the infant's property.1992, cc. 617, 647, § 55-42.1; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-207 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-207. Appointment of attorney-in-fact by married person; effect of writing executed by such attorney

A married person, whether a resident of the Commonwealth or not, may, by power of attorney duly executed and acknowledged as prescribed in § 55.1-612 or 55.1-613, appoint an attorney-in-fact to execute and acknowledge, for him and in his name, any deed or other writing that he might execute. Every deed or other writing so executed by such attorney-in-fact in pursuance of such power of attorney while the same remains in force shall be valid and effectual, in all respects, to convey the interest and title of such married person in and to any real estate thereby conveyed or otherwise transferred.Code 1919, § 5215; 1940, p. 53; Code 1950, § 55-43; 1990, c. 831; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-208 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-208. How estate of a married person to pass at death

When a married person, having title to any estate, dies intestate, such estate, or any part of such estate, shall pass according to the provisions of Chapter 2 (§ 64.2-200 et seq.) of Title 64.2, subject to his debts.Code 1919, § 5138; Code 1950, § 55-46; 1990, c. 831; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-209 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-209. Equitable separate estates abolished

The estate known as the equitable separate estate no longer exists and any language in any writing, whenever executed, that purports to convey real property to a person as an equitable separate estate has no legal or equitable significance after January 1, 1991, except as provided in § 64.2-301 or 64.2-308.2.1992, cc. 617, 647, § 55-47.01; 2016, cc. 187, 269; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-210 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons|§ 55.1-210. Tangible personal property

No presumption of ownership of tangible personal property shall arise by operation of law to prefer one spouse of a marriage over the other if such presumption is based solely on the sex of the spouse.1977, c. 76, § 55-47.1; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-300 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-300. Form of a deed

Every deed and corrected or amended deed may be made in the following form, or to the same effect: "This deed, made the ______ day of ______, in the year ____, between (here insert names of parties as grantors or grantees), witnesseth: that in consideration of (here state the consideration, nominal or actual), the said ________ does (or do) grant (or grant and convey) unto the said ________, all (here describe the property or interest therein to be conveyed, including the name of the city or county in which the property is located, and insert covenants or any other provisions). Witness the following signature (or signatures)."No deed recorded on or after July 1, 2020, shall contain a reference to the specific portion of a restrictive covenant purporting to restrict the ownership or use of the property as prohibited by subsection A of § 36-96.6. The clerk may refuse to accept any deed submitted for recordation that references the specific portion of any such restrictive covenant. The attorney who prepares or submits a deed for recordation has the responsibility of ensuring that the specific portion of such a restrictive covenant is not specifically referenced in the deed prior to such deed being submitted for recordation. A deed may include a general provision that states that such deed is subject to any and all covenants and restrictions of record; however, such provision shall not apply to the specific portion of a restrictive covenant purporting to restrict the ownership or use of the property as prohibited by subsection A of § 36-96.6. Any deed that is recorded in the land records on or after July 1, 2020, that mistakenly contains such a restrictive covenant shall nevertheless constitute a valid transfer of real property.Code 1919, § 5162; Code 1950, § 55-48; 1990, cc. 208, 374; 2011, c. 701; 2014, c. 338; 2019, c. 712; 2020, c. 748.
VA Code § 55.1-300.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-300.1. Certificate of Release of Certain Prohibited Covenants

Any restrictive covenant prohibited by subsection A of § 36-96.6 may be released by the owner of real property subject to such covenant by recording a Certificate of Release of Certain Prohibited Covenants. The real property owner may record such certificate (i) prior to recordation of a deed conveying real property to a purchaser or (ii) when such real property owner discovers that such prohibited covenant exists and chooses to affirmatively release the same. Such certificate may be prepared without assistance of an attorney, but shall conform substantially to the following Certificate of Release of Certain Prohibited Covenants form:"CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE OF CERTAIN PROHIBITED COVENANTSPlace of Record: ________Date of Instrument containing prohibited covenant(s): ____Instrument Type: __________Deed Book ____ Page ___ or Plat Book ____ Page___Name(s) of Grantor(s): ________Name(s) of Current Owner(s): ________Real Property Description: ________Brief Description of Prohibited Covenant: ________The covenant contained in the above-mentioned instrument is released from the above-described real property to the extent that it contains terms purporting to restrict the ownership or use of the property as prohibited by subsection A of § 36-96.6.The undersigned is/are the legal owner(s) of the property described herein.Given under my/our hand(s) this ____ day of ____ , 20__. ________  ________ (Current Owners)Commonwealth of Virginia,County/City of ______ to wit:Subscribed, sworn to, and acknowledged before me by ______ this ____ day of ____, 20__.My Commission Expires: ______ ________ NOTARY PUBLICNotary Registration Number: ______The clerk shall satisfy the requirements of § 17.1-228."2020, c. 748.
VA Code § 55.1-301 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-301. How construed

Unless the deed provides otherwise, any deed conveying land shall be construed to include all the estate, right, title, and interest, both at law and in equity, of the grantor in or to such land.Code 1919, § 5163; Code 1950, § 55-49; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-302 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-302. Construction of generic terms

In the interpretation of deeds, adopted persons and persons born out of wedlock are included in class gift terminology or terms of relationship in accordance with rules for determining relationships for purposes of intestate succession unless a contrary intent appears on the face of the deed. In determining the intent of a grantor, adopted persons are presumptively included in such terms as "children," "issue," "kindred," "heirs," "relatives," "descendants," or similar words of classification and are presumptively excluded by such terms as "natural children," "issue of the body," "blood kindred," "heirs of the body," "blood relatives," "descendants of the body," or similar words of classification.1987, c. 604, § 55-49.1; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-303 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-303. Appurtenances, etc., included in deed of land

Every deed conveying land shall be construed to include all buildings, privileges, and appurtenances of every kind belonging to such land unless an exception is made in the deed.Code 1919, § 5168; Code 1950, § 55-50; 1992, c. 373; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-304 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-304. Relocation of easement

The owner of land that is subject to an easement for the purpose of ingress and egress may relocate the easement, on the servient estate, by recording in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of the county or city in which the easement or any part of such easement is located, a written agreement evidencing the consent of all affected persons and setting forth the new location of the easement. In the absence of such written agreement, the owner of the land that is subject to such easement may seek relocation of the easement on the servient estate upon petition to the circuit court and notice to all parties in interest. The petition shall be granted if, after a hearing held, the court finds that (i) the relocation will not result in economic damage to the parties in interest, (ii) there will be no undue hardship created by the relocation, and (iii) the easement has been in existence for not less than 10 years.Code 1919, § 5168; Code 1950, § 55-50; 1992, c. 373; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-305 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-305. Enjoyment of easement

Unless otherwise provided for in the terms of an easement, the owner of a dominant estate shall not use an easement in a way that is not reasonably consistent with the uses contemplated by the grant of the easement, and the owner of the servient estate shall not engage in an activity or cause to be present any objects either upon the burdened land or immediately adjacent to such land that unreasonably interferes with the enjoyment of the easement by the owner of the dominant estate. For the purposes of this section, "object" does not include any fence, electric fence, cattle guard, gate, or division fence adjacent to such easement as those terms are defined in §§ 55.1-2800 through 55.1-2826. Any violation of this section may be deemed a private nuisance, provided, however, that the remedy for a violation of this section shall not in any manner impair the right to any other relief that may be applicable at law or in equity.2003, c. 774, § 55-50.1; 2007, c. 931; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-306 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-306. Utility easements

A. For the purposes of this section, "utility services" means any products, services, and equipment related to energy, broadband and other communications services, water, and sewerage.B. Where an easement, whether appurtenant or gross, is expressly granted by an instrument recorded on or after July 1, 2006, that imposes on a servient tract of land a covenant (i) to provide an easement in the future for the benefit of utility services; (ii) to relocate, construct, or maintain facilities owned by an entity that provides utility services; or (iii) to pay the cost of such relocation, construction, or maintenance, such covenant shall be deemed for all purposes to touch and concern the servient tract, to run with the servient tract, its successors, and assigns for the benefit of the entity providing utility services, its successors, and assigns.2006, c. 795, § 55-50.2; 2019, c. 712; 2020, cc. 1131, 1132.
VA Code § 55.1-307 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-307. Public road easements; maintenance and improvements

Whenever a public road that has never been abandoned but is no longer publicly maintained serves as access for more than one property owner and operates as the primary source of ingress and egress for that property, any one of the property owners may maintain, repair, or improve the road at his own expense without the express permission of the other property owners but only after administrative review by the local government. All other property owners shall be notified by mail of any pending maintenance, repair, or improvements prior to commencement of the work. Nothing in this section shall be construed as allowing the property owner who is doing the maintenance, repairs, or improvements to the road to interfere with the other property owners' use of the road for ingress and egress.2008, c. 599, § 55-50.3; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-308 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-308. Private roads; public use; maintenance and improvements

Notwithstanding any provision of a recorded deed or plat to the contrary, a private road serving a subdivision of 50 or fewer lots may be dedicated for public use and may be taken into the secondary state highway system, subject to the provisions and requirements set forth in §§ 33.2-335 and 33.2-336, if the owner of the fee interest in such private road obtains the written consent of every lot owner in the subdivision whose lot is served by the private road and the holder of any restrictive covenant or easement rights over and concerning the private road prior to making such dedication and before requirements for acceptance of the road into the secondary state highway system are met. Such consent shall be recorded in the land records of the clerk's office of the circuit court of the county in which the private road is located.2015, c. 495, § 55-50.4; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-309 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-309. Deeds good between parties

Any deed, or a part of a deed, that fails to take effect by virtue of this chapter shall, nevertheless, be as valid and effectual and as binding upon the parties, so far as the rules of law and equity permit, as if this chapter had not been enacted.Code 1919, § 5169; Code 1950, § 55-51; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-310 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-310. Conveyance of property not owned but subsequently acquired

When a deed purports to convey property, real or personal, describing it with reasonable certainty, that the grantor does not own at the time of the execution of the deed, but subsequently acquires, such deed shall, as between the parties, have the same effect as if the title that the grantor subsequently acquires were vested in him at the time of the execution of such deed and thereby conveyed.Code 1919, § 5202; Code 1950, § 55-52; 1958, c. 424; 1990, c. 831; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-311 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-311. Vendor's equitable lien abolished

If any person conveys any real estate and the purchase money or any part thereof remains unpaid at the time of the conveyance, he shall not thereby have a lien for such unpaid purchase money, unless such lien is expressly reserved on the face of the conveyance.Code 1919, § 5183; Code 1950, § 55-53; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-312 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-312. Certain deeds to county real estate validated

All deeds executed prior to January 1, 1920, by a county commissioner, county commissioners, or a board of supervisors that convey any part of the real estate previously acquired by such county for county purposes are hereby validated and declared to have effectually passed the title to the part so conveyed even though the conveyance thereof reduced the real estate of the county to an area less than the county was required by law to own at the time of such conveyance.1934, p. 228; Michie Code 1942, § 5183a; Code 1950, § 55-54; 2019, c. 712.
VA Code § 55.1-313 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances|Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens|§ 55.1-313. Validation of sales, etc., by county courts prior to 1860

All sales or leases made prior to the year 1860 by the county court, or court of monthly session, of any county of any land or building then owned by such county and situated within the limits of land previously acquired by such county as a site for its courthouse and other public buildings, when the consideration therefor has been fully paid and the purchaser, or lessee as the case may be, and those claiming through or under him, shall have held continuous possession of such land or building from January 1, 1860, until January 1, 1934, are hereby validated and declared to be forever binding upon such county.1934, p. 311; Michie Code 1942, § 5183b; Code 1950, § 55-55; 2019, c. 712.