reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
IA Code § 537.6106 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6106 - Investigatory powers.

537.6106 Investigatory powers.   1. For purposes of this section, “administrator” means either the attorney general or the attorney general’s designee, or the official or agency charged with enforcing this chapter against the person under investigation, as provided in section 537.6105, subsection 1. If the administrator has reasonable cause to believe that a person has engaged in conduct or committed an act which is in violation of this chapter, the administrator may make an investigation to determine whether the person has engaged in the conduct or committed the act, and, to the extent necessary for this purpose, may administer oaths or affirmations, and, upon the administrator’s own motion or upon request of any party, may subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, adduce evidence, and require the production of, or testimony as to, any matter which is relevant to the investigation, including the existence, description, nature, custody, condition, and location of any books, documents, or other tangible things and the identity and location of persons having knowledge of relevant facts, or any other matter reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence. In any civil action brought by the administrator as a result of such an investigation, the administrator shall be awarded the reasonable costs of making the investigation if the administrator prevails in the action.   2. If the person’s records are located outside this state, the person at the person’s option shall either make them available to the administrator at a convenient location within this state or pay the reasonable and necessary expenses for the administrator or the administrator’s representative to examine them at the place where they are maintained. The administrator may designate representatives, including comparable officials of the state in which the records are located, to inspect them on the administrator’s behalf.   3. Upon application by the administrator showing failure without lawful excuse to obey a subpoena or to give testimony and upon reasonable notice to all persons affected thereby, the district court shall grant an order compelling compliance.   4. The administrator shall not make public the name or identity of a person whose acts or conduct the administrator investigates pursuant to this section or the facts disclosed in the investigation, but this subsection does not prohibit disclosures in actions or enforcement proceedings pursuant to this chapter.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6106]  Referred to in §537.6103, 537.6105
IA Code § 537.6109 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6109 - Assurance of discontinuance.

537.6109 Assurance of discontinuance.   If it is claimed that a person has engaged in conduct which could be subject to an order by the administrator or by a court, the administrator may accept an assurance in writing that the person will not engage in the same or in similar conduct in the future. The assurance may include stipulations that the creditor will voluntarily pay the costs of investigation, or that an amount will be held in escrow as restitution to debtors aggrieved by future conduct of the creditor or as a reserve to cover costs of future investigation, or may include admissions of past specific acts by the creditor or admissions that those acts violated this chapter or other statutes. A violation of an assurance of discontinuance is a violation of this chapter.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6109]  Referred to in §537.2303, 537.5201
IA Code § 537.6110 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6110 - Injunctions and other proceedings in equity.

537.6110 Injunctions and other proceedings in equity.   The administrator may bring a civil action to restrain a person from violating this chapter and for other appropriate relief, including but not limited to the following:   1. To prevent the use or employment by a person of practices prohibited by this chapter.   2. To reform contracts to conform to this chapter and to rescind contracts into which a creditor has induced a consumer to enter by conduct violating this chapter, even though the consumers are not parties to the action. An action under this section may be joined with an action under the provisions on civil actions by the administrator under section 537.6113.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6110]  Referred to in §537.6112
IA Code § 537.6111 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6111 - Injunctions against unconscionable agreements and fraudulent or unconscionable conduct.

537.6111 Injunctions against unconscionable agreements and fraudulent or unconscionable conduct.   1. The administrator may bring a civil action to restrain a person to whom this part applies from engaging in any of the following courses of action:   a. Making or enforcing unconscionable terms or provisions of consumer credit transactions.   b. Fraudulent or unconscionable conduct in inducing consumers to enter into consumer credit transactions.   c. Conduct of any of the types specified in paragraph “a” or “b” with respect to transactions that give rise to or that lead persons to believe they will give rise to consumer credit transactions.   d. Fraudulent or unconscionable conduct in the collection of debts arising from consumer credit transactions or from transactions which would have been consumer credit transactions if a finance charge was made or the obligation was payable in installments.   2. In an action brought pursuant to this section the court may grant relief only if it finds all of the following:   a. That the defendant has made unconscionable agreements or has engaged in or is likely to engage in a course of fraudulent or unconscionable conduct.   b. That the defendant’s agreements have caused or are likely to cause, or the conduct of the defendant has caused or is likely to cause, injury to consumers or debtors.   c. That the defendant has been able to cause or will be able to cause the injury primarily because the transactions involved are credit transactions.   3. In applying subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, consideration shall be given to the factors specified in the provisions on unconscionability with respect to a transaction that is or gives rise to or that a person leads the debtor to believe will give rise to a consumer credit transaction, as provided in section 537.5108, subsection 3, among others.   4. In applying subsection 1, paragraph “d”, violations of section 537.7103 shall be considered, among other factors, as applicable.   5. In an action brought pursuant to this section, a charge or practice expressly permitted by this chapter is not in itself unconscionable.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6111]  Referred to in §537.5108, 537.6108, 537.6112
IA Code § 537.6112 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6112 - Temporary relief.

537.6112 Temporary relief.   With respect to an action brought to enjoin violations of this chapter under section 537.6110 or unconscionable agreements or fraudulent or unconscionable conduct under section 537.6111, the administrator may apply to the court for appropriate temporary relief against a defendant, pending final determination of the action. The court may grant appropriate temporary relief.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6112]
IA Code § 537.6113 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6113 - Civil actions by administrator.

537.6113 Civil actions by administrator.   1. After demand, the administrator may bring a civil action against a person for all amounts of money, other than penalties, which a consumer or class of consumers has a right to recover explicitly granted by this chapter. The court shall order amounts recovered or recoverable under this subsection to be paid to each consumer or set off against the consumer’s obligation. A consumer’s action, other than a class action, takes precedence over a prior or subsequent action by the administrator with respect to the claim of that consumer. A consumer’s class action takes precedence over a subsequent action by the administrator with respect to claims common to both actions but intervention by the administrator is authorized. An administrator’s action on behalf of a class of consumers takes precedence over a consumer’s subsequent class action with respect to claims common to both actions. Whenever an action takes precedence over another action under this subsection, the latter action may be stayed to the extent appropriate while the precedent action is pending and dismissed if the precedent action is dismissed with prejudice or results in a final judgment granting or denying the claim asserted in the precedent action. A defense available to a person in a civil action brought by a consumer is available to the person in a civil action brought under this subsection.   2. The administrator may bring a civil action against a person to recover a civil penalty of no more than ten thousand dollars for repeatedly and intentionally violating this chapter. No civil penalty pursuant to this subsection may be imposed for violations of this chapter occurring more than two years before the action is brought or for making unconscionable agreements or engaging in a course of fraudulent or unconscionable conduct.   3. The administrator may bring a civil action against a person for failure to file notification in accordance with the provisions on notification in section 537.6202, or to pay fees in accordance with the provisions on fees in section 537.6203, to recover the fees the defendant has failed to pay plus interest at the rate of seven percent per annum and the administrator’s reasonable costs in bringing the action, and a civil penalty in an amount determined by the court not exceeding the greater of three times the amount of fees the person has failed to pay or one thousand dollars.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6113]  2017 Acts, ch 138, §22  Referred to in §537.3205, 537.3304, 537.3624, 537.4101, 537.6110, 537.6115, 537.6203, 714.16
IA Code § 537.6115 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6115 - Consumer’s remedies not affected.

537.6115 Consumer’s remedies not affected.   The grant of powers to the administrator in this article does not affect remedies available to consumers under this chapter or under other principles of law or equity, except as provided in section 537.6113.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6115]
IA Code § 537.6116 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6116 - Venue.

537.6116 Venue.   The administrator may bring actions or proceedings in the district court in a county in which an act on which the action or proceeding is based occurred, or in a county in which the defendant resides or transacts business.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6116]
IA Code § 537.6117 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6117 - Administrative rules.

537.6117 Administrative rules.   1. The attorney general or the attorney general’s designee pursuant to chapter 17A may adopt, amend and repeal rules which the attorney general deems reasonably necessary for the enforcement of this chapter. Each rule so adopted shall be applicable to and binding upon every person subject to the provisions of this chapter.   2. An official or agency of this state charged with the enforcement of provisions of this chapter may adopt, amend or repeal rules pursuant to chapter 17A, subject to the following limitations:   a. A rule adopted pursuant to this subsection which conflicts with a rule adopted by the administrator is void.   b. An official or agency shall not adopt a rule which interprets or prescribes law or policy which has not been approved in advance of adoption by the administrator. If, in the opinion of the administrator, the proposed rule interprets the provisions of this chapter, or otherwise should be a rule of general applicability, the administrator may disapprove the proposed rule, in which case the official or agency shall not adopt that rule. The administrator may adopt that rule or a different rule relating to the same subject, or may determine that no rule relating to that subject shall be adopted.  [C75, §537.6204; C77, 79, 81, §537.6117]
IA Code § 537.6201 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6201 - Applicability.

537.6201 Applicability.   This part applies to all of the following:   1. Creditors engaged in consumer credit transactions and acts, practices or conduct involving consumer credit transactions to which this chapter applies pursuant to section 537.1201, but not to those licensed, certificated, or otherwise authorized to engage in business by chapter 524, 533, 536 or 536A.   2. Debt collectors, as defined in section 537.7102, subsection 5, to whose acts, practices, or conduct this chapter applies pursuant to section 537.1201 if the total debt collected by a debt collector in the preceding calendar year exceeds the threshold amount, or if not, if the total debt collected during the current calendar year exceeds twenty-five thousand dollars, but this part does not apply to those licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized to engage in business under chapter 524, 533, 536, or 536A.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6201]  89 Acts, ch 68, §5; 2012 Acts, ch 1017, §148; 2014 Acts, ch 1037, §21  Referred to in §537.1201
IA Code § 537.6202 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6202 - Notification.

537.6202 Notification.   1. Persons subject to this part shall file notification with the administrator within thirty days after commencing business in this state and, thereafter, on or before January 31 of each year. The notification must state all of the following:   a. Name of the person.   b. Every name in which business is transacted if different from the name of the person.   c. Address of principal office, whether or not within this state.   d. Address of all offices or retail stores, if any, in this state at which consumer credit transactions are entered into or acts, practices or conduct involving consumer credit transactions are engaged in, or in the case of a person taking assignments of obligations, any offices or places of business within this state at which business is transacted or, in the case of debt collectors, any offices in this state from or at which debt collection is engaged in.   e. If consumer credit transactions or acts, practices or conduct involving consumer credit transactions or debt collection, are engaged in otherwise than at an office or retail store in this state and this chapter applies to such transactions, acts, practices or conduct, pursuant to section 537.1201, a brief description of the manner in which they are engaged in.   f. Address of designated agent upon whom service of process may be made in this state.   g. Whether or not supervised loans are made.   2. If information in a notification becomes inaccurate after filing, no further notification is required until the following January 31.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6202]  89 Acts, ch 68, §6; 90 Acts, ch 1168, §56  Referred to in §537.5301, 537.6113
IA Code § 537.6203 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.6203 - Fees.

537.6203 Fees.   1. A person required to file notification shall pay to the administrator an annual fee of fifty dollars. The fee shall be paid with the filing of the first notification and on or before January 31 of each succeeding year.   2. A person required to file notification who is a seller, lessor, or lender and who is not an assignee shall pay an additional fee at the time and in the manner stated in subsection 1 of ten dollars for each one hundred thousand dollars, or part thereof exceeding ten thousand dollars, of the average unpaid balances, including unpaid scheduled periodic payments under consumer leases, of obligations arising from consumer credit transactions entered into or modified by the person in this state and held on the last day of each calendar month during the preceding calendar year and held either by the seller, lessor, or lender, or by an immediate or remote assignee who has not filed notification. The unpaid balances of assigned obligations held by an assignee who has not filed notifications are presumed to be the unpaid balances of the assigned obligations at the time of their assignment by the seller, lessor, or lender.   3. A person required to file notification who is an assignee shall pay an additional fee at the time and in the manner stated in subsection 1 of ten dollars for each one hundred thousand dollars, or part thereof exceeding ten thousand dollars, of the average unpaid balances including unpaid scheduled periodic payments payable by lessees, of obligations arising from consumer credit transactions entered into or modified in this state, taken by the person by assignment and held by the person on the last day of each calendar month during the preceding calendar year.   4. In addition to the penalties provided by section 537.6113, subsection 3, the administrator may collect a charge, established by rule, not exceeding seventy-five dollars from each person required to pay fees under this section who fails to pay the fees in full within thirty days after they are due.   5. Moneys collected under this section shall be deposited in a consumer credit administration fund in the state treasury and shall be used for the administration of this chapter. The moneys are subject to warrant upon certification of the administrator and are appropriated for these purposes. Notwithstanding section 8.33, the moneys in the fund do not revert at the end of a fiscal period.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.6203]  89 Acts, ch 68, §7; 2007 Acts, ch 22, §98; 2017 Acts, ch 138, §23  Referred to in §537.5301, 537.6113
IA Code § 537.7101 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.7101 - Short title.

537.7101 Short title.   This article shall be known and may be cited as the “Iowa Debt Collection Practices Act”.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.7101]
IA Code § 537.7102 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.7102 - Definitions.

537.7102 Definitions.   As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:   1. “Administrator” means the person designated in section 537.6103.   2. “Creditor”, for the purposes of this article, means the person to whom a debtor is obligated, either directly or indirectly, on a debt.   3. “Debt” means an actual or alleged obligation arising out of a consumer credit transaction, consumer rental purchase agreement, or a transaction which would have been a consumer credit transaction either if a finance charge was made, if the obligation was not payable in installments, if a lease was for a term of four months or less, or if a lease was of an interest in land. A debt includes a check as defined in section 554.3104 given in a transaction in connection with a consumer rental purchase agreement, in a transaction which was a consumer credit sale or in a transaction which would have been a consumer credit sale if credit was granted and if a finance charge was made, or in a transaction regulated under chapter 533D.   4. “Debt collection” means an action, conduct or practice in soliciting debts for collection or in the collection or attempted collection of a debt.   5. “Debt collector” means a person engaging, directly or indirectly, in debt collection, whether for the person, the person’s employer, or others, and includes a person who sells, or offers to sell, forms represented to be a collection system, device, or scheme, intended to be used to collect debts.   6. “Debtor”, for the purposes of this article, means the person obligated.  [C75, 77, 79, 81, §537.7102]  87 Acts, ch 137, §3; 89 Acts, ch 128, §4; 95 Acts, ch 139, §17  Referred to in §80A.1, 85.27, 537.1303, 537.6201, 715C.1
IA Code § 537.8101 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537 - CONSUMER CREDIT CODE|Section 537.8101 - Provision of credit card number as condition of check cashing or acceptance prohibited.

537.8101 Provision of credit card number as condition of check cashing or acceptance prohibited.   1. Provision of credit card number or expiration date not required. A person shall not require as a condition of acceptance of a check or share draft, or as a means of identification, that the person presenting the check provide a credit card number or expiration date, or both.   2. Recording of credit card number or expiration date, simple misdemeanor. Recording a credit card number or expiration date, or both, in connection with a sale of goods or services in which the purchaser pays by check or share draft, or in connection with the acceptance of a check or share draft, is a simple misdemeanor.   3. Display without recordation permissible condition. This section does not prohibit a person from requesting a purchaser to display a credit card as indicia of credit worthiness and financial responsibility or as additional identification, but the only information concerning a credit card which may be recorded is the type of credit card so displayed and the issuer of the credit card. This section does not require acceptance of a check or share draft whether or not a credit card is presented.   4. Provision of credit card number or expiration date in lieu of deposit. This section does not prohibit a person from requesting or receiving a credit card number or expiration date and recording the number or date, or both in lieu of a deposit to secure payment in event of default, loss, damage, or other occurrence.  88 Acts, ch 1059, §1, 2
IA Code § 537A.1 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537A - CONTRACTS|Section 537A.1 - Seals abolished.

537A.1 Seals abolished.   The use of private seals in written contracts, or other instruments in writing, by individuals, firms, or corporations that have not adopted a corporate seal, is hereby abolished; but the addition of a seal to any such instrument shall not affect its character or validity in any respect.  [C51, §974; R60, §1823; C73, §2112; C97, §3068; S13, §3068; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §9439; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, §537.1; C75, 77, 79, 81, §537A.1]  Corporate seals, §490.302, 504.302, 558.2 et seq.
IA Code § 537A.2 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537A - CONTRACTS|Section 537A.2 - Consideration implied.

537A.2 Consideration implied.   All contracts in writing, signed by the party to be bound or by the party’s authorized agent or attorney, shall import a consideration.  [C51, §975; R60, §1824; C73, §2113; C97, §3069; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §9440; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, §537.2; C75, 77, 79, 81, §537A.2]
IA Code § 537A.3 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 537A - CONTRACTS|Section 537A.3 - Failure of consideration.

537A.3 Failure of consideration.   The want or failure, in whole or in part, of the consideration of a written contract may be shown as a defense, total or partial, except as provided in the uniform commercial code, chapter 554.  [C51, §976; R60, §1825; C73, §2114; C97, §3070; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §9441; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, §537.3; C75, 77, 79, 81, §537A.3]