reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Civ Pro Code § 2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 2.

2.  This Code takes effect at twelve o'clock noon, on the first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-three.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 3 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 3.

3.  No part of it is retroactive, unless expressly so declared.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 4.

4.  The rule of the common law, that statutes in derogation thereof are to be strictly construed, has no application to this Code. The Code establishes the law of this State respecting the subjects to which it relates, and its provisions and all proceedings under it are to be liberally construed, with a view to effect its objects and to promote justice.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 5.

5.  The provisions of this Code, so far as they are substantially the same as existing statutes, must be construed as continuations thereof, and not as new enactments.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 6.

6.  All persons who at the time this Code takes effect hold office under any of the Acts repealed, continue to hold the same according to the tenure thereof, except those offices which are not continued by one of the Codes adopted at this session of the Legislature.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 7.

7.  When any office is abolished by the repeal of any Act, and such Act is not in substance reënacted or continued in either of the Codes, such office ceases at the time the Codes take effect.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 8.

8.  No action or proceeding commenced before this Code takes effect, and no right accrued, is affected by its provisions, but the proceedings therein must conform to the requirements of this Code as far as applicable.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 9.

9.  When a limitation or period of time prescribed in any existing statute for acquiring a right or barring a remedy, or for any other purpose, has begun to run before this code goes into effect, and the same or any limitation is prescribed in this code, the time that has already run shall be deemed part of the time prescribed as such limitation by this code.(Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 561, Sec. 20. (AB 1516) Effective January 1, 2018.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 10 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 10.

10.  Holidays within the meaning of this code are every Sunday and any other days that are specified or provided for as judicial holidays in Section 135.(Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 542, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2002.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 11 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 11.

11.  Wherever any notice or other communication is required by this code to be mailed by registered mail by or to any person or corporation, the mailing of such notice or other communication by certified mail shall be deemed to be a sufficient compliance with the requirements of law.(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 426.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 12 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 12.

12.  The time in which any act provided by law is to be done is computed by excluding the first day, and including the last, unless the last day is a holiday, and then it is also excluded.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 12a (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 12a.

12a.  (a) If the last day for the performance of any act provided or required by law to be performed within a specified period of time is a holiday, then that period is hereby extended to and including the next day that is not a holiday. For purposes of this section, “holiday” means all day on Saturdays, all holidays specified in Section 135 and, to the extent provided in Section 12b, all days that by terms of Section 12b are required to be considered as holidays.(b) This section applies to Sections 659, 659a, and 921, and to all other provisions of law providing or requiring an act to be performed on a particular day or within a specified period of time, whether expressed in this or any other code or statute, ordinance, rule, or regulation.(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 263, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2008.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 12b (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 12b.

12b.  If any city, county, state, or public office, other than a branch office, is closed for the whole of any day, insofar as the business of that office is concerned, that day shall be considered as a holiday for the purposes of computing time under Sections 12 and 12a.(Added by Stats. 1951, Ch. 655.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 12c (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 12c.

12c.  (a) Where any law requires an act to be performed no later than a specified number of days before a hearing date, the last day to perform that act shall be determined by counting backward from the hearing date, excluding the day of the hearing as provided by Section 12.(b) Any additional days added to the specified number of days because of a particular method of service shall be computed by counting backward from the day determined in accordance with subdivision (a).(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 41, Sec. 1. (AB 2119) Effective January 1, 2011.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 13 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 13.

13.  Whenever any act of a secular nature, other than a work of necessity or mercy, is appointed by law or contract to be performed upon a particular day, which day falls upon a holiday, such act may be performed upon the next business day with the same effect as if it had been performed upon the day appointed.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 13a (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 13a.

13a.  Any act required by law to be performed on a particular day or within a specified period of time may be performed (but is not hereby required to be performed) on a special holiday as that term is used in Section 6705 of the Government Code, with like effect as if performed on a day which is not a holiday.(Amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 594.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 13b (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 13b.

13b.  Any act required by law to be performed on a particular day or within a specified period may be performed (but is not hereby required to be performed) on a Saturday, with like effect as if performed on a day which is not a holiday.(Added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 1370.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 14 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 14.

14.  When the seal of a Court, public officer, or person is required by law to be affixed to any paper, the word “seal” includes an impression of such seal upon the paper alone as well as upon wax or a wafer affixed thereto.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 15 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 15.

15.  Words giving a joint authority to three or more public officers or other persons are construed as giving such authority to a majority of them, unless it is otherwise expressed in the Act giving the authority.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 16 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 16.

16.  Words and phrases are construed according to the context and the approved usage of the language; but technical words and phrases, and such others as have acquired a peculiar and appropriate meaning in law, or are defined in the succeeding section, are to be construed according to such peculiar and appropriate meaning or definition.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 17 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 17.

17.  (a) Words used in this code in the present tense include the future as well as the present. Words used in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter. The singular number includes the plural and the plural number includes the singular.(b) As used in this code, the following words have the following meanings, unless otherwise apparent from the context:(1) “Affinity” signifies the connection existing in consequence of marriage, between each of the married persons and the blood relatives of the other when applied to the marriage relation.(2) “County” includes “city and county.”(3) “Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with an electronic record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the electronic record.(4) “Month” means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed.(5) “Oath” includes an affirmation or declaration.(A) “Depose” includes any written statement made under oath or affirmation.(B) “Testify” includes any mode of oral statement made under oath or affirmation.(6) “Person” includes a corporation as well as a natural person.(7) “Process” signifies a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding.(8) “Property” includes both personal and real property.(A) “Personal property” includes money, goods, chattels, things in action, and evidences of debt.(B) “Real property” is coextensive with lands, tenements, and hereditaments.(9) “Section” refers to a section of this code, unless some other code or statute is expressly mentioned.(10) “Sheriff” includes marshal.(11) “Signature” or “subscription” includes a mark of a person’s name, if the person cannot write, with his or her name being written near it by a person who writes his or her own name as a witness. In order that a mark may be acknowledged or serve as the signature to any sworn statement, it shall be witnessed by two persons who shall subscribe their own names as witnesses thereto.(12) “Spouse” includes “registered domestic partner,” as required by Section 297.5 of the Family Code.(13) “State” includes the District of Columbia and the territories when applied to the different parts of the United States, and the words “United States” may include the district and territories.(14) “Will” includes codicil.(15) “Writ” means an order or precept in writing, issued in the name of the people, or of a court or judicial officer.(16) “Writing” includes printing and typewriting.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 50, Sec. 13. (SB 1005) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 18 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 18.

18.  No statute, law, or rule is continued in force because it is consistent with the provisions of this Code on the same subject; but in all cases provided for by this Code, all statutes, laws, and rules heretofore in force in this State, whether consistent or not with the provisions of this Code, unless expressly continued in force by it, are repealed and abrogated. This repeal or abrogation does not revive any former law heretofore repealed, nor does it affect any right already existing or accrued, or any action or proceeding already taken, except as in this Code provided; nor does it affect any private statute not expressly repealed.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 19 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.

19.  This Act, whenever cited, enumerated, referred to, or amended, may be designated simply as “The Code of Civil Procedure,” adding, when necessary, the number of the section.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 20 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 20.

20.  Judicial remedies are such as are administered by the Courts of justice, or by judicial officers empowered for that purpose by the Constitution and statutes of this State.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 21 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 21.

21.  These remedies are divided into two classes:1. Actions; and,2. Special proceedings.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 22 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 22.

22.  An action is an ordinary proceeding in a court of justice by which one party prosecutes another for the declaration, enforcement, or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or the punishment of a public offense.(Amended by Stats. 1933, Ch. 742.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 23 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 23.

23.  Every other remedy is a special proceeding.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 24 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 24.

24.  Actions are of two kinds:1. Civil; and,2. Criminal.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 25 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 25.

25.  A civil action arises out of:1. An obligation;2. An injury.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 26 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 26.

26.  An obligation is a legal duty, by which one person is bound to do or not to do a certain thing, and arises from either of the following:(a) Contract.(b) Operation of law.(Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 561, Sec. 21. (AB 1516) Effective January 1, 2018.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 27 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 27.

27.  An injury is of two kinds:1. To the person; and,2. To property.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 28 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 28.

28.  An injury to property consists in depriving its owner of the benefit of it, which is done by taking, withholding, deteriorating, or destroying it.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 29 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 29.

29.  Every other injury is an injury to the person.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 30 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 30.

30.  A civil action is prosecuted by one party against another for the declaration, enforcement or protection of a right, or the redress or prevention of a wrong.(Amended by Stats. 1933, Ch. 742.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 31 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 31.

31.  The Penal Code defines and provides for the prosecution of a criminal action.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 32 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 32.

32.  When the violation of a right admits of both a civil and criminal remedy, the right to prosecute the one is not merged in the other.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 32.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 32.5.

32.5.  The “jurisdictional classification” of a case means its classification as a limited civil case or an unlimited civil case.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 784, Sec. 22. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 33 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 33.

33.  A prosecuting attorney, in his or her discretion, may assist in the civil resolution of a violation of an offense described in Title 13 (commencing with Section 450) of Part 1 of the Penal Code in lieu of filing a criminal complaint.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1518, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 34 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 34.

34.  An electronic signature, as defined in Section 17, by a court or judicial officer shall be as effective as an original signature.(Added by Stats. 2015, Ch. 32, Sec. 2. (AB 432) Effective January 1, 2016.)
CA Com Code § 5101 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT|Section 5101.

5101.  This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Letters of Credit.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 176, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 5103 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT|Section 5103.

5103.  (a) This division applies to letters of credit and to certain rights and obligations arising out of transactions involving letters of credit.(b) The statement of a rule in this division does not by itself require, imply, or negate application of the same or a different rule to a situation not provided for, or to a person not specified, in this division.(c) With the exception of this subdivision, subdivisions (a) and (d), paragraphs 9 and 10 of subdivision (a) of Section 5102, subdivision (d) of Section 5106, and subdivision (d) of Section 5114, and except to the extent prohibited in Section 1302 and subdivision (d) of Section 5117, the effect of this division may be varied by agreement or by a provision stated or incorporated by reference in an undertaking. A term in an agreement or undertaking generally excusing liability or generally limiting remedies for failure to perform obligations is not sufficient to vary obligations prescribed by this division.(d) Rights and obligations of an issuer to a beneficiary or a nominated person under a letter of credit are independent of the existence, performance, or nonperformance of a contract or arrangement out of which the letter of credit arises or which underlies it, including contracts or arrangements between the issuer and the applicant and between the applicant and the beneficiary.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 254, Sec. 47. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Com Code § 5104 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT|Section 5104.

5104.  A letter of credit, confirmation, advice, transfer, amendment, or cancellation may be issued in any form that is a record and is authenticated (i) by a signature or (ii) in accordance with the agreement of the parties or the standard practice referred to in subdivision (e) of Section 5108.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 176, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 5105 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT|Section 5105.

5105.  Consideration is not required to issue, amend, transfer, or cancel a letter of credit, advice, or confirmation.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 176, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 5106 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT|Section 5106.

5106.  (a) A letter of credit is issued and becomes enforceable according to its terms against the issuer when the issuer sends or otherwise transmits it to the person requested to advise or to the beneficiary. A letter of credit is revocable only if it so provides.(b) After a letter of credit is issued, rights and obligations of a beneficiary, applicant, confirmer, and issuer are not affected by an amendment or cancellation to which that person has not consented except to the extent the letter of credit provides that it is revocable or that the issuer may amend or cancel the letter of credit without that consent.(c) If there is no stated expiration date or other provision that determines its duration, a letter of credit expires one year after its stated date of issuance or, if none is stated, after the date on which it is issued.(d) A letter of credit that states that it is perpetual expires five years after its stated date of issuance, or if none is stated, after the date on which it is issued.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 176, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 5107 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT|Section 5107.

5107.  (a) A confirmer is directly obligated on a letter of credit and has the rights and obligations of an issuer to the extent of its confirmation. The confirmer also has rights against and obligations to the issuer as if the issuer were an applicant and the confirmer had issued the letter of credit at the request and for the account of the issuer.(b) A nominated person who is not a confirmer is not obligated to honor or otherwise give value for a presentation.(c) A person requested to advise may decline to act as an adviser. An adviser that is not a confirmer is not obligated to honor or give value for a presentation. An adviser undertakes to the issuer and to the beneficiary accurately to advise the terms of the letter of credit, confirmation, amendment, or advice received by that person and undertakes to the beneficiary to check the apparent authenticity of the request to advise. Even if the advice is inaccurate, the letter of credit, confirmation, or amendment is enforceable as issued.(d) A person who notifies a transferee beneficiary of the terms of a letter of credit, confirmation, amendment, or advice has the rights and obligations of an adviser under subdivision (c). The terms in the notice to the transferee beneficiary may differ from the terms in any notice to the transferor beneficiary to the extent permitted by the letter of credit, confirmation, amendment, or advice received by the person who so notifies.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 176, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 5109 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT|Section 5109.

5109.  (a) If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly to comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, but a required document is forged or materially fraudulent, or honor of the presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant:(1) the issuer shall honor the presentation, if honor is demanded by (i) a nominated person who has given value in good faith and without notice of forgery or material fraud, (ii) a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in good faith, (iii) a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter of credit which was taken after acceptance by the issuer or nominated person, or (iv) an assignee of the issuer’s or nominated person’s deferred obligation that was taken for value and without notice of forgery or material fraud after the obligation was incurred by the issuer or nominated person; and(2) the issuer, acting in good faith, may honor or dishonor the presentation in any other case.(b) If an applicant claims that a required document is forged or materially fraudulent or that honor of the presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant, a court of competent jurisdiction may temporarily or permanently enjoin the issuer from honoring a presentation or grant similar relief against the issuer or other persons only if the court finds that:(1) the relief is not prohibited under the law applicable to an accepted draft or deferred obligation incurred by the issuer;(2) a beneficiary, issuer, or nominated person who may be adversely affected is adequately protected against loss that it may suffer because the relief is granted;(3) all of the conditions to entitle a person to the relief under the law of this state have been met; and(4) on the basis of the information submitted to the court, the applicant is more likely than not to succeed under its claim of forgery or material fraud and the person demanding honor does not qualify for protection under paragraph (1) of subdivision (a).(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 176, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1997.)