reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-224 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-224 - Special verdicts. Jury to assess damages.

 (a) The court shall determine questions of law referred to it by the jury in a special verdict, which they may give when they entertain doubts respecting points of law arising in the action, or when the parties request it. In a special verdict the jury shall find the facts, and state the questions of law thus: If the law be so in such a point, then we find for the plaintiff;but if the law be otherwise, then we find for the defendant.(b) When the jury finds a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, they shall assess the damages which he shall be entitled to recover.(1949 Rev., S. 7973; P.A. 82-160, S. 111.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators.Verdict apportioning the damages between defendants held illegal. 48 C. 521. Generally. 75 C. 220; 81 C. 601; 82 C. 597. General verdict on several counts proper, in absence of request for special verdict; 76 C. 680; so, general verdict for defendant failing to answer special interrogatories by him based on verdict for plaintiff. 81 C. 601. Request that jury find special facts on which conclusion based not proper. 82 C. 485. Special interrogatories in connection with general submission. 83 C. 109. Discretion of court to refuse to submit. Id., 183; 90 C. 626; 96 C. 2; 97 C. 182, but see 94 C. 690; 100 C. 493. Proper to submit, where verdict might be based on one of several grounds. 85 C. 459. Interrogatories should be recorded as part of verdict. 88 C. 558. Procedure under statute preferable where both legal and equitable remedies are sought. 90 C. 626. Except as here provided, no special form of verdict required. 91 C. 673. Addressing oral questions to jury on return of verdict improper. 97 C. 182. Purpose; when to be allowed. 95 C. 499. Special verdict or interrogatories proper where complaint states cause of action at common law and one under statute permitting damages to be doubled. 93 C. 247. If two or more issues are presented in one count, interrogatories are proper; if in separate counts, separate verdicts may be had. 94 C. 690. Defect in interrogatories which are consistent with general verdict disregarded. 93 C. 446. Answers may be limited by context; 94 C. 168; and should be construed so as to be consistent. 97 C. 337. Proper procedure. 95 C. 499; 97 C. 189. Practice as to receiving answers. 96 C. 2. When complaint contains two or more counts, or two or more issues in one count, court must, on request, submit properly framed interrogatories. 100 C. 494; 104 C. 525. Trial court's refusal to set aside verdict of damages as inadequate was sustained where only permanent injuries were body scars on child and verdict awarded $6,000 to plaintiff child and $4,000 special damages to father of child. 156 C. 635.
CT Gen Stat § 52-225 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225 - Judgment on verdict; assessment of damages when judgment rendered other than on verdict.

 The court shall render judgment on all verdicts of the jury, according to their finding, with costs, unless the verdict is set aside; and in all cases where judgment is rendered otherwise than on a verdict, in favor of the plaintiff, the court shall assess the damages which he shall recover.(1949 Rev., S. 7974.)Assessment of damages in U.S. courts should follow practice of the state courts. 43 C. 599. Default admits the right of plaintiff to nominal damages only. 44 C. 501; 45 C. 58; 53 C. 193; Id., 474. Long before 1818, damages were assessed by the court upon a default or demurrer overruled. 53 C. 2. Applies to all cases where judgment is rendered otherwise than on a verdict. 57 C. 585. Cited. 63 C. 266. Assessment on alternative finding is erroneous. 71 C. 452; 72 C. 624. When motion for judgment non obstante veredicto lies; not for variance. 91 C. 249. Judgments non obstante veredicto reviewed. 131 C. 622. Unless verdict is set aside, interest runs from date of verdict. 145 C. 74. Rule as to setting aside of verdict as against the evidence, reviewed. 146 C. 658, 705; 147 C. 18, 109. If a jury's final decision is unintelligible and inconsistent, a motion to set aside the verdict should be granted; motion to reassemble the jury and, or in the alternative, to correct the verdict should be denied. Id., 72. While a memorandum of decision is not required on denial of a motion to set aside the verdict, but only the granting of it, it is sound practice, where the motion is not frivolous, to set forth in a memorandum the basic reasons why the motion is denied. Id., 566. Trial court correct in setting aside verdict and in granting motion for judgment notwithstanding verdict as plaintiff did not establish a breach of duty by defendant. Id., 708. Time within which motions in arrest of judgment must be filed. 148 C. 57. Setting aside verdict by trial judge for error in instructions to jury (here, failure to explain meaning of “rebuttable presumption”) should be exercised with great caution and only where judge is satisfied error is unmistakable and unquestionably harmful. 155 C. 220. Plaintiff filed motion to set aside verdict of jury for defendant; trial court, 22 months thereafter having neither decided motion nor entered judgment, ordered to forthwith grant or deny motion. 159 C. 605. Cited. 225 C. 420; 231 C. 77.Verdict of jury should not be set aside lightly. 21 CS 28. Court refused to set aside verdict where evidence on issue of contributory negligence was close. Id., 282. Cited. 29 CA 484; 38 CA 685.Cited. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 82. Where defendant did not move to set aside verdict, appeal court cannot decide whether jury erred in concluding defendant was guilty. 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 334.
CT Gen Stat § 52-225b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225b - “Collateral sources” defined.

 For purposes of sections 52-225a to 52-225c, inclusive: “Collateral sources” means any payments made to the claimant, or on his behalf, by or pursuant to: (1) Any health or sickness insurance, automobile accident insurance that provides health benefits, and any other similar insurance benefits, except life insurance benefits available to the claimant, whether purchased by him or provided by others; or (2) any contract or agreement of any group, organization, partnership or corporation to provide, pay for or reimburse the costs of hospital, medical, dental or other health care services. “Collateral sources” do not include amounts received by a claimant as a settlement.(P.A. 85-574, S. 2; P.A. 86-338, S. 5; P.A. 87-227, S. 5.)History: P.A. 86-338 included within definition of collateral sources any payments by any person as compensation for personal injury or wrongful death attributable to the incident giving rise to the cause of action and deleted the definition of health care provider to reflect the expansion of Sec. 52-225a to any civil action; P.A. 87-227 deleted provision added in 1986 including within definition of collateral sources any payments by any person as compensation for personal injury or wrongful death attributable to the incident giving rise to the cause of action and added provision that collateral sources do not include amounts received by a claimant as a settlement.Cited. 203 C. 607; 214 C. 1; 218 C. 531; 225 C. 566; 231 C. 77; 235 C. 107. Trial court improperly applied provisions adopted in P.A. 87-227 instead of those adopted in P.A. 86-338. 247 C. 638. Social Security disability benefits are not a collateral source. 259 C. 325.Cited. 31 CA 806; 38 CA 685; 46 CA 76.Debts voluntarily forgiven by medical care provider and amounts paid by employer pursuant to wage continuation plan are not collateral sources. 49 CS 7.
CT Gen Stat § 52-225c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225c - Recovery of collateral source benefits prohibited.

 Unless otherwise provided by law, no insurer or any other person providing collateral source benefits as defined in section 52-225b shall be entitled to recover the amount of any such benefits from the defendant or any other person or entity as a result of any claim or action for damages for personal injury or wrongful death regardless of whether such claim or action is resolved by settlement or judgment. The provisions of this section shall apply to insurance contracts issued, reissued or renewed on or after October 1, 1986.(P.A. 85-574, S. 3; P.A. 86-338, S. 6; P.A. 87-227, S. 6; P.A. 93-297, S. 24, 29.)History: P.A. 86-338 limited collateral source benefits to those defined in “subdivision (2)” of Sec. 52-225b, deleted limitation that action for damages arise out of the rendition of professional services by a health care provider, and made section applicable to insurance contracts issued, reissued or renewed on or after October 1, 1986; P.A. 87-227 replaced “any other party providing collateral source benefits as defined in subdivision (2) of section 52-225b” with “any other person providing collateral source benefits as defined in section 52-225b”; P.A. 93-297 included any “claim” for damages and added provision barring recovery “regardless of whether such claim or action is resolved by settlement or judgment”, effective January 1, 1994, and applicable to acts or omissions occurring on or after said date.Cited. 214 C. 1; 218 C. 531; 231 C. 77; 235 C. 107.Cited. 46 CA 76. Subrogation provision of health insurance policy deemed unenforceable due to conflict with statutory prohibition against recovery by insurers of collateral source payments. 47 CA 365.
CT Gen Stat § 52-225e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225e - Notice of settlement in excess of ten thousand dollars by insurer to claimant.

 (a) Upon the payment in settlement of any third-party liability claim in excess of ten thousand dollars where the claimant is a natural person, the insurer shall mail to the claimant notice of such payment at the same time payment is made by the insurer.(b) The notice required pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be mailed to the last-known address of such claimant as furnished by such claimant's attorney or representative at the time of settlement.(c) Nothing in subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall (1) create any cause of action or proceeding for any person or entity against an insurer based upon a failure to provide notice as required by this section or defective notice, or (2) establish a defense for any party to any cause of action based upon a failure to provide notice as required by this section or defective notice.(P.A. 97-267, S. 1.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-225h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225h - Transfer of structured settlement payment rights: Required disclosures to payee.

 Not less than three days prior to the date on which the payee signs a transfer agreement, the transferee shall provide to the payee a separate disclosure statement, in boldface type at least fourteen points in size, setting forth:(1) The amounts and due dates of the structured settlement payments to be transferred;(2) The aggregate amount of such payments;(3) The discounted present value of the payments to be transferred, which shall be identified as the “calculation of current value of the transferred structured settlement payments under federal standards for valuing annuities,” and the amount of the applicable federal rate used in calculating such discounted present value;(4) The gross advance amount;(5) An itemized listing of all applicable transfer expenses, other than attorney's fees and related disbursements payable in connection with the transferee's application for approval of the transfer, and the transferee's best estimate of the amount of any such fees and disbursements;(6) The net advance amount;(7) The amount of any penalties or liquidated damages payable by the payee in the event of any breach of the transfer agreement by the payee; and(8) A statement that the payee has the right to cancel the transfer agreement, without penalty or further obligation, not later than the third business day after the date the agreement is signed by the payee.(P.A. 03-110, S. 2.)See Sec. 52-225l re transfer agreements to which applicable.
CT Gen Stat § 52-225i (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225i - Transfer of structured settlement payment rights: Approval.

 No direct or indirect transfer of structured settlement payment rights shall be effective and no structured settlement obligor or annuity issuer shall be required to make any payment directly or indirectly to any transferee of structured settlement payment rights unless the transfer has been approved in advance in a final court order or order of a responsible administrative authority based on express findings by such court or responsible administrative authority that:(1) The transfer is in the best interest of the payee, taking into account the welfare and support of the payee's dependents;(2) The payee has been advised in writing by the transferee to seek independent professional advice regarding the transfer and has either received such advice or knowingly waived such advice in writing; and(3) The transfer does not contravene any applicable statute or the order of any court or other government authority.(P.A. 03-110, S. 3.)See Sec. 52-225l re transfer agreements to which applicable.
CT Gen Stat § 52-225j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225j - Transfer of structured settlement payment rights: Effect.

 Following a transfer of structured settlement payment rights under sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive:(1) The structured settlement obligor and the annuity issuer shall, as to all parties except the transferee, be discharged and released from any and all liability for the transferred payments;(2) The transferee shall be liable to the structured settlement obligor and the annuity issuer:(A) If the transfer contravenes the terms of the structured settlement, for any taxes incurred by such parties as a consequence of the transfer, and(B) For any other liabilities or costs, including reasonable costs and attorney's fees, arising from compliance by such parties with the order of the court or responsible administrative authority or arising as a consequence of the transferee's failure to comply with sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive;(3) Neither the structured settlement obligor nor the annuity issuer may be required to divide any periodic payment between the payee and any transferee or assignee or between two or more transferees or assignees; and(4) Any further transfer of structured settlement payment rights by the payee may be made only after compliance with all of the requirements of sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive.(P.A. 03-110, S. 4.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-225k (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225k - Transfer of structured settlement payment rights: Procedure for approval.

 (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, an application under sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive, for approval of a transfer of structured settlement payment rights shall be made by the transferee and may be brought in the superior court for the judicial district in which the payee resides or in which the structured settlement obligor or annuity issuer maintains its principal place of business or in the superior court or before the responsible administrative authority that approved the structured settlement agreement.(b) An application for approval of the transfer of structured settlement payment rights by a conservator or guardian appointed by a Probate Court of this state shall be brought by the transferee in the Probate Court having jurisdiction over the conservator or guardian. Upon the filing of an application in a Probate Court under this section, the court shall give notice of the time and place of the hearing by first class mail to the interested parties and to the parties to the conservatorship or guardianship matter. The court shall hear and decide the matter in accordance with the provisions of sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive.(c) Not less than twenty days prior to the scheduled hearing on any application for approval of a transfer of structured settlement payment rights under section 52-225i, the transferee shall file with the court or responsible administrative authority and serve on all interested parties a notice of the proposed transfer and the application for its approval, including with the notice:(1) A copy of the transferee's application;(2) A copy of the transfer agreement;(3) A copy of the disclosure statement required under section 52-225h;(4) A listing of each of the payee's dependents, together with each dependent's age;(5) Notification that any interested party is entitled to support, oppose or otherwise respond to the transferee's application, either in person or by counsel, by submitting written comments to the court or responsible administrative authority or by participating in the hearing; and(6) Notification of the time and place of the hearing and notification of the manner in which and the time by which written responses to the application must be filed, which shall be not less than fifteen days after service of the transferee's notice, in order to be considered by the court or responsible administrative authority.(P.A. 03-110, S. 5; P.A. 17-136, S. 16.)History: P.A. 17-136 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section”, added new Subsec. (b) re application for approval of transfer of structured settlement payment rights brought by conservator or guardian appointed by Probate Court to be brought by transferee in Probate Court having jurisdiction over conservator or guardian, and redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c), effective January 1, 2018.
CT Gen Stat § 52-225l (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-225l - Transfer of structured settlement payment rights: General provisions.

 (a) The provisions of sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive, may not be waived by any payee.(b) Any transfer agreement entered into on or after October 1, 2003, by a payee who resides in this state shall provide that disputes under such transfer agreement, including any claim that the payee has breached the agreement, shall be determined in and under the laws of this state. No such transfer agreement shall authorize the transferee or any other party to confess judgment or consent to entry of judgment against the payee.(c) No transfer of structured settlement payment rights shall extend to any payments that are life-contingent unless, prior to the date on which the payee signs the transfer agreement, the transferee has established and agreed to maintain procedures reasonably satisfactory to the structured settlement obligor and the annuity issuer for:(1) Periodically confirming the payee's survival; and(2) Giving the structured settlement obligor and the annuity issuer prompt written notice in the event of the payee's death.(d) No payee who proposes to make a transfer of structured settlement payment rights shall incur any penalty, forfeit any application fee or other payment or otherwise incur any liability to the proposed transferee or any assignee based on any failure of such transfer to satisfy the conditions of sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive.(e) Nothing contained in sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive, shall be construed to authorize any transfer of structured settlement payment rights in contravention of any law or to imply that any transfer under a transfer agreement entered into prior to October 1, 2003, is valid or invalid.(f) Compliance with the requirements set forth in section 52-225h and fulfillment of the conditions set forth in section 52-225i shall be solely the responsibility of the transferee in any transfer of structured settlement payment rights, and neither the structured settlement obligor nor the annuity issuer shall bear any responsibility for, or any liability arising from, noncompliance with such requirements or failure to fulfill such conditions.(g) The provisions of sections 52-225g to 52-225l, inclusive, shall be applicable to transfer agreements executed on and after October 1, 2003.(P.A. 03-110, S. 6.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-226 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-226 - Trial to the court. Special finding.

 In any action for legal relief, when the parties join in an issue of fact and the action is tried to the court, the judge of the court may hear and try the issue without a jury, award damages and costs, and grant execution, in the same manner and on the same principles as in a trial by jury. In any trial to a court, except a trial at a small claims session, the court shall find, upon written motion of either party made within fourteen days after the entry of judgment, the facts upon which its judgment is founded, and make the finding a part of the record.(1949 Rev., S. 7975; 1959, P.A. 28, S. 176; 1963, P.A. 8; P.A. 82-160, S. 112.)History: 1959 act deleted reference to trial before justice of the peace; 1963 act required motion re finding of facts be written and made within 14 days after judgment and excepted trial at small claims session from same provision; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Judgment must answer the issue. 5 D. 47. Issue closed to the county court may be tried to jury, on appeal to Superior Court. 4 D. 448. A proceeding by mandamus falls within the provision de finding. 41 C. 137. Finding presumptively contains all the facts. 51 C. 399. Facts must be found at time of judgment, or at least during that term. 72 C. 611. Motion to find facts naturally follows judgment. 73 C. 685. Should be liberally construed in aid of the jurisdiction of the Appellate Court. Id., 686. Should include only facts necessary to judgment. 88 C. 123. Relation between special finding and finding for appeal. 72 C. 612; 73 C. 681; 87 C. 41; Id., 608. Memo of decision not a special finding. 80 C. 434; 88 C. 142. Procedure when court refuses to make special finding; effect of such refusal. 103 C. 45. Cited. 69 C. 409; 112 C. 441; 125 C. 622. If a party desires a special finding upon any particular issue, he should make a motion to trial court. 120 C. 247. By request for special finding, may cause trial court to place on record amount of damages it finds each plaintiff entitled to recover. 125 C. 737. Special finding cannot be claimed in connection with interlocutory ruling. 128 C. 295. Although judgment did not comply with statutory directions of Sec. 47-31, plaintiff's motion for special finding afforded a statement of material facts on which judgment was based and became a part of record; hence appeal was entertained. 156 C. 12. Petition for new trial on ground, inter alia, that late notification of judgment prevented motion for findings; demurrer to petition sustained. 164 C. 212. Cited. 185 C. 495; 186 C. 237.Cited. 4 CA 46; 18 CA 559; 22 CA 265.Applies to actions for legal relief only. 13 CS 44.