reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Civ Code § 56.182 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 2.6 - Genetic Privacy|Section 56.182.

56.182.  (a) Any person who negligently violates this chapter shall be assessed a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000) plus court costs, as determined by the court.(b) Any person who willfully violates this chapter shall be assessed a civil penalty in an amount not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) and not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) plus court costs, as determined by the court.(c) Actions for relief pursuant to this chapter shall be prosecuted exclusively in a court of competent jurisdiction by the Attorney General or a district attorney or by a county counsel authorized by agreement with the district attorney in actions involving violation of a county ordinance, or by a city attorney of a city having a population in excess of 750,000, or by a city attorney in a city and county or, with the consent of the district attorney, by a city prosecutor in a city having a full-time city prosecutor in the name of the people of the State of California upon their own complaint or upon the complaint of a board, officer, person, corporation, or association, or upon a complaint by a person who has suffered injury in fact and has lost money or property as a result of the violation of this chapter.(d) Court costs recovered pursuant to this section shall be paid to the party or parties that prosecuted the violation. Penalties recovered pursuant to this section shall be paid to the individual to whom the genetic data at issue pertains.(e) Any provision of a contract or agreement between a consumer and a person governed by this chapter that has, or would have, the effect of delaying or limiting access to a legal remedy for a violation of this chapter shall not apply to the exercise of rights or enforcement pursuant to this chapter.(f) Each violation of this chapter is a separate and actionable violation.(Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 596, Sec. 2. (SB 41) Effective January 1, 2022.)
CA Civ Code § 56.186 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 2.6 - Genetic Privacy|Section 56.186.

56.186.  The provisions of this chapter are severable. If any provision of this chapter or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application.(Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 596, Sec. 2. (SB 41) Effective January 1, 2022.)
CA Civ Code § 56.20 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers|Section 56.20.

56.20.  (a) Each employer who receives medical information shall establish appropriate procedures to ensure the confidentiality and protection from unauthorized use and disclosure of that information. These procedures may include, but are not limited to, instruction regarding confidentiality of employees and agents handling files containing medical information, and security systems restricting access to files containing medical information.(b) No employee shall be discriminated against in terms or conditions of employment due to that employee’s refusal to sign an authorization under this part. However, nothing in this section shall prohibit an employer from taking such action as is necessary in the absence of medical information due to an employee’s refusal to sign an authorization under this part.(c) No employer shall use, disclose, or knowingly permit its employees or agents to use or disclose medical information which the employer possesses pertaining to its employees without the patient having first signed an authorization under Section 56.11 or Section 56.21 permitting such use or disclosure, except as follows:(1) The information may be disclosed if the disclosure is compelled by judicial or administrative process or by any other specific provision of law. (2) That part of the information which is relevant in a lawsuit, arbitration, grievance, or other claim or challenge to which the employer and employee are parties and in which the patient has placed in issue his or her medical history, mental or physical condition, or treatment may be used or disclosed in connection with that proceeding.(3) The information may be used only for the purpose of administering and maintaining employee benefit plans, including health care plans and plans providing short-term and long-term disability income, workers’ compensation and for determining eligibility for paid and unpaid leave from work for medical reasons.(4) The information may be disclosed to a provider of health care or other health care professional or facility to aid the diagnosis or treatment of the patient, where the patient or other person specified in subdivision (c) of Section 56. 21 is unable to authorize the disclosure.(d) If an employer agrees in writing with one or more of its employees or maintains a written policy which provides that particular types of medical information shall not be used or disclosed by the employer in particular ways, the employer shall obtain an authorization for such uses or disclosures even if an authorization would not otherwise be required by subdivision (c).(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.21 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers|Section 56.21.

56.21.  An authorization for an employer to disclose medical information shall be valid if it complies with all of the following:(a) Is handwritten by the person who signs it or is in a typeface no smaller than 14-point type.(b) Is clearly separate from any other language present on the same page and is executed by a signature that serves no purpose other than to execute the authorization.(c) Is signed and dated by one of the following:(1) The patient, except that a patient who is a minor may only sign an authorization for the disclosure of medical information obtained by a provider of health care in the course of furnishing services to which the minor could lawfully have consented under Part 1 (commencing with Section 25) or Part 2.7 (commencing with Section 60) of Division 1.(2) The legal representative of the patient, if the patient is a minor or incompetent. However, authorization may not be given under this subdivision for the disclosure of medical information that pertains to a competent minor and that was created by a provider of health care in the course of furnishing services to which a minor patient could lawfully have consented under Part 1 (commencing with Section 25) or Part 2.7 (commencing with Section 60) of Division 1.(3) The beneficiary or personal representative of a deceased patient.(d) States the limitations, if any, on the types of medical information to be disclosed.(e) States the name or functions of the employer or person authorized to disclose the medical information.(f) States the names or functions of the persons or entities authorized to receive the medical information.(g) States the limitations, if any, on the use of the medical information by the persons or entities authorized to receive the medical information.(h) States a specific date after which the employer is no longer authorized to disclose the medical information.(i) Advises the person who signed the authorization of the right to receive a copy of the authorization.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 39. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Civ Code § 56.22 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers|Section 56.22.

56.22.  Upon demand by the patient or the person who signed an authorization, an employer possessing the authorization shall furnish a true copy thereof.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.23 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers|Section 56.23.

56.23.  An employer that discloses medical information pursuant to an authorization required by this chapter shall communicate to the person or entity to which it discloses the medical information any limitations in the authorization regarding the use of the medical information. No employer that has attempted in good faith to comply with this provision shall be liable for any unauthorized use of the medical information by the person or entity to which the employer disclosed the medical information.(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.24 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers|Section 56.24.

56.24.  Nothing in this part shall be construed to prevent a person who could sign the authorization pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 56.21 from cancelling or modifying an authorization. However, the cancellation or modification shall be effective only after the employer actually receives written notice of the cancellation or modification.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.245 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 3 - Use and Disclosure of Medical Information by Employers|Section 56.245.

56.245.  A recipient of medical information pursuant to an authorization as provided by this chapter may not further disclose such medical information unless in accordance with a new authorization that meets the requirements of Section 56. 21, or as specifically required or permitted by other provisions of this chapter or by law.(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.25 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 4 - Relationship of Chapters 2 and 3|Section 56.25.

56.25.  (a) An employer that is a provider of health care shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.20 by disclosing, in accordance with Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 56.10), medical information possessed in connection with providing health care services to the provider’s patients.(b) An employer shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.20 because a provider of health care that is an employee or agent of the employer uses or discloses, in accordance with Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 56.10), medical information possessed by the provider in connection with providing health care services to the provider’s patients.(c) A provider of health care that is an employer shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.10 by disclosing, in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 56.20), medical information possessed in connection with employing the provider’s employees. Information maintained by a provider of health care in connection with employing the provider’s employees shall not be deemed to be medical information for purposes of Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 56.20), unless it would be deemed medical information if received or maintained by an employer that is not a provider of health care.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.26 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 5 - Use and Disclosure of Medical and Other Information by Third Party Administrators and Others|Section 56.26.

56.26.  (a) No person or entity engaged in the business of furnishing administrative services to programs that provide payment for health care services shall knowingly use, disclose, or permit its employees or agents to use or disclose medical information possessed in connection with performing administrative functions for a program, except as reasonably necessary in connection with the administration or maintenance of the program, or as required by law, or with an authorization.(b) An authorization required by this section shall be in the same form as described in Section 56.21, except that “third party administrator” shall be substituted for “employer” wherever it appears in Section 56.21.(c) This section shall not apply to any person or entity that is subject to the Insurance Information Privacy Act or to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 56.10) or Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 56.20).(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 183, Sec. 24. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Civ Code § 56.265 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 5 - Use and Disclosure of Medical and Other Information by Third Party Administrators and Others|Section 56.265.

56.265.  A person or entity that underwrites or sells annuity contracts or contracts insuring, guaranteeing, or indemnifying against loss, harm, damage, illness, disability, or death, and any affiliate of that person or entity, shall not disclose individually identifiable information concerning the health of, or the medical or genetic history of, a customer, to any affiliated or nonaffiliated depository institution, or to any other affiliated or nonaffiliated third party for use with regard to the granting of credit. (Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 278, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2001.)
CA Civ Code § 56.27 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law|Section 56.27.

56.27.  An employer that is an insurance institution, insurance agent, or insurance support organization subject to the Insurance Information and Privacy Protection Act, Article 6.6 (commencing with Section 791) of Part 2 of Division 1 of the Insurance Code, shall not be deemed to have violated Section 56.20 by disclosing medical information gathered in connection with an insurance transaction in accordance with that act.(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.28 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law|Section 56.28.

56.28.  Nothing in this part shall be deemed to affect existing laws relating to a patient’s right of access to his or her own medical information, or relating to disclosures made pursuant to Section 1158 of the Evidence Code, or relating to privileges established under the Evidence Code.(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.29 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law|Section 56.29.

56.29.  (a) Nothing in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 1798) of Title 1.8 of Part 4 of Division 3 shall be construed to permit the acquisition or disclosure of medical information regarding a patient without an authorization, where the authorization is required by this part.(b) The disclosure of medical information regarding a patient which is subject to subdivision (b) of Section 1798.24 shall be made only with an authorization which complies with the provisions of this part. Such disclosure may be made only within the time limits specified in subdivision (b) of Section 1798.24.(c) Where the acquisition or disclosure of medical information regarding a patient is prohibited or limited by any provision of Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 1798) of Title 1.8 of Part 4 of Division 3, the prohibition or limit shall be applicable in addition to the requirements of this part.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 782, Sec. 2.)
CA Civ Code § 56.31 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 6 - Relationship to Existing Law|Section 56.31.

56.31.  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, nothing in subdivision (f) of Section 56.30 shall permit the disclosure or use of medical information regarding whether a patient is infected with or exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus without the prior authorization from the patient unless the patient is an injured worker claiming to be infected with or exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus through an exposure incident arising out of and in the course of employment.(Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 766, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Civ Code § 56.35 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 7 - Violations|Section 56.35.

56.35.  In addition to any other remedies available at law, a patient whose medical information has been used or disclosed in violation of Section 56.10, 56.104, 56.107, or 56.20 or subdivision (a) of Section 56.26 and who has sustained economic loss or personal injury therefrom may recover compensatory damages, punitive damages not to exceed three thousand dollars ($3,000), attorney’s fees not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), and the costs of litigation.(Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 190, Sec. 4. (AB 1184) Effective January 1, 2022.)
CA Civ Code § 56.37 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2.6 - CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION|CHAPTER 7 - Violations|Section 56.37.

56.37.  (a) No provider of health care, health care service plan, or contractor may require a patient, as a condition of receiving health care services, to sign an authorization, release, consent, or waiver that would permit the disclosure of medical information that otherwise may not be disclosed under Section 56.10 or any other provision of law. However, a health care service plan or disability insurer may require relevant enrollee or subscriber medical information as a condition of the medical underwriting process, provided that Sections 1374.7 and 1389.1 of the Health and Safety Code are strictly observed.(b) Any waiver by a patient of the provisions of this part, except as authorized by Section 56.11 or 56.21 or subdivision (b) of Section 56.26, shall be deemed contrary to public policy and shall be unenforceable.(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 526, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Civ Code § 654 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 654.

654.  The ownership of a thing is the right of one or more persons to possess and use it to the exclusion of others. In this Code, the thing of which there may be ownership is called property.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 655 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 655.

655.  There may be ownership of all inanimate things which are capable of appropriation or of manual delivery; of all domestic animals; of all obligations; of such products of labor or skill as the composition of an author, the good will of a business, trade marks and signs, and of rights created or granted by statute.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 656 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 656.

656.  Animals wild by nature are the subjects of ownership, while living, only when on the land of the person claiming them, or when tamed, or taken and held in possession, or disabled and immediately pursued.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 657 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 657.

657.  Property is either:l. Real or immovable; or,2. Personal or movable.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 658 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 658.

658.  Real or immovable property consists of:l. Land;2. That which is affixed to land;3. That which is incidental or appurtenant to land;4. That which is immovable by law; except that for the purposes of sale, emblements, industrial growing crops and things attached to or forming part of the land, which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale, shall be treated as goods and be governed by the provisions of the title of this code regulating the sales of goods.(Amended by Stats. 1931, Ch. 1070.)
CA Civ Code § 659 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 659.

659.  Land is the material of the earth, whatever may be the ingredients of which it is composed, whether soil, rock, or other substance, and includes free or occupied space for an indefinite distance upwards as well as downwards, subject to limitations upon the use of airspace imposed, and rights in the use of airspace granted, by law.(Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 860.)
CA Civ Code § 660 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 660.

660.  A thing is deemed to be affixed to land when it is attached to it by roots, as in the case of trees, vines, or shrubs; or imbedded in it, as in the case of walls; or permanently resting upon it, as in the case of buildings; or permanently attached to what is thus permanent, as by means of cement, plaster, nails, bolts, or screws; except that for the purposes of sale, emblements, industrial growing crops and things attached to or forming part of the land, which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale, shall be treated as goods and be governed by the provisions of the title of this code regulating the sales of goods.(Amended by Stats. 1931, Ch. 1070.)
CA Civ Code § 662 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 662.

662.  A thing is deemed to be incidental or appurtenant to land when it is by right used with the land for its benefit, as in the case of a way, or watercourse, or of a passage for light, air, or heat from or across the land of another.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 663 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 1 - NATURE OF PROPERTY|Section 663.

663.  Every kind of property that is not real is personal.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 748 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 3 - GENERAL DEFINITIONS|Section 748.

748.  The income of property, as the term is used in this Part of the Code, includes the rents and profits of real property, the interest of money, dividends upon stock, and other produce of personal property.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 749 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 1 - PROPERTY IN GENERAL|TITLE 3 - GENERAL DEFINITIONS|Section 749.

749.  The delivery of the grant, where a limitation, condition, or future interest is created by grant, and the death of the testator, where it is created by will, is to be deemed the time of the creation of the limitation, condition, or interest, within the meaning of this Part of the Code.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § [755.] (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 2 - PROPERTY|PART 2 - REAL OR IMMOVABLE PROPERTY|TITLE 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section [755.].

[755.]   Section Seven Hundred and Fifty-five. Real property within the State is governed by the law of this State, except where the title is in the United States.(Amended by Code Amendments 1873-74, Ch. 612.)