reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 13a-137 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-137 - Material for repair of highway taken from private land.

 Whenever necessary material for making or repairing any highway in any town cannot be obtained without great inconvenience from land sequestered for highways but may be found on land abutting on the highway, other than in a home lot, the selectmen of such town may take such material from such land on payment to the owner thereof of a reasonable compensation therefor to be ascertained before any such taking, either by agreement between the selectmen and such owner or by the same proceedings as are provided in section 13a-84. After such compensation has been so determined, such material shall not be taken until the town in lawful town meeting has approved the transaction, if the owner of such material, within one month thereafter, makes a request in writing to the selectmen that the town shall take action thereon.(1949 Rev., S. 2152; 1958 Rev., S. 13-38; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 137.)History: 1963 act replaced previous provisions: See title history.Cited. 11 CS 429.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-138 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-138 - Highways may be drained into private lands.

 (a) Persons authorized to construct or to repair highways may make or clear any watercourse or place for draining off the water therefrom into or through any person's land so far as necessary to drain off such water and, when it is necessary to make any drain upon or through any person's land for the purpose named in this section, it shall be done in such way as to do the least damage to such land.(b) Nothing in this section shall be so construed as to allow the drainage of water from such highways into, upon, through or under the yard of any dwelling house, or into or upon yards and enclosures used exclusively for the storage and sale of goods and merchandise.(1949 Rev., S. 2134; 1958 Rev., S. 13-18; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 138; P.A. 81-162, S. 1.)History: 1963 act replaced previous provisions: See title history; P.A. 81-162 divided section into Subsecs. (a) and (b).Municipalities are not liable for damage from draining water from highways onto private lands within statutory restrictions. 54 C. 520. Section not applicable to draining water off private land. 64 C. 375. Section does not prohibit grading of street so that surface water runs into dooryard. 73 C. 35. Meaning of “dooryard”. 74 C. 321. Constitutionality of statute quaere. Id.; 79 C. 91. Does not apply where draining on land can be avoided by reasonable expense. Id. Scope limited. 81 C. 392. Section, as in derogation of private rights, to be strictly construed. 112 C. 568. Cited. 120 C. 551. Does not imply consent on part of state to be sued. 146 C. 316. Drainage easement not created in state in any particular land so as to constitute breach of covenant against encumbrances. 151 C. 183. Cited. 189 C. 740; 217 C. 520.Cited. 6 CA 229. 15-year limitation period of Sec. 13a-138a applies to both Subsecs. (a) and (b); to construe otherwise would yield an unworkable result. 110 CA 591.Town liable where it did not drain so as to do least damage to land. 3 CS 404. Proviso construed. 5 CS 487. Unnecessary discharge of surface water from state highway. 6 CS 485. No right of recovery where highway commissioner has neither drained water onto nor opened or cleared any watercourse on plaintiff's land. 20 CS 142. Cited. 29 CS 499.Subsec. (a):Clear and unambiguous language that drainage “shall be done in such way as to do the least damage to such land” does not provide for a balancing test that weighs the least damage against the least expense and other considerations claimed by defendant town. 49 CA 781.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-138a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-138a - Limitation on actions for drainage damage.

 No action shall be brought by the owner of land adjoining a public highway, or of any interest in such land, for recovery of damage to such property or interest by reason of any draining of water into or through such land by any town, city, borough or other political subdivision of the state pursuant to subsection (a) of section 13a-138, but within fifteen years next after the first occurrence of such drainage, except that if such drainage first occurred prior to October 1, 1981, no such action shall be brought after October 1, 1986.(P.A. 81-162, S. 2.)Cited. 217 C. 520.15-year limitation period applies to both Subsecs. (a) and (b) of Sec. 13a-138; to construe otherwise would yield an unworkable result; public policy favors limitation periods for cause of action to grant degree of certainty to litigants. 110 CA 591.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-139 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-139 - Clearing untraveled portion of highway.

 When any person owning or occupying land abutting on any highway has cut the brush and weeds on, removed the stones and rubbish from, and otherwise improved, the land within the limits of such highway between the traveled portion of such highway and such land, the selectmen of the town or other persons repairing such highway shall not place any stones, rubbish or waste material of any kind on the land so cleared and improved, and no other person shall place or leave any stones, rubbish or other waste material on such land. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to (1) prevent the selectmen or other legally authorized person or persons from making improvements upon any highway by widening such highway or reducing the grade thereof, or (2) authorize any improvements which conflict with the provisions of any ordinance adopted pursuant to section 7-149a. Any person violating any provision of this section shall be fined not more than ten dollars.(1949 Rev., S. 2131; 1958 Rev., S. 13-15; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 139; P.A. 81-401, S. 3, 4.)History: 1963 act replaced previous provisions: See title history; P.A. 81-401 amended the section to prohibit its interpretation as authorizing improvements conflicting with provisions of an ordinance adopted pursuant to Sec. 7-148o.Cited. 11 CS 429.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-141a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-141a - State-wide footpath and bicycle trail plan.

 (a) The Commissioner of Transportation shall prepare and, when necessary, revise a state-wide plan for the establishment of footpaths and bicycle trails to be located adjacent to state and local roads except: (1) Where the establishment of such paths and trails would be contrary to public health and safety; (2) if the cost of establishing such paths and trails would be excessively disproportionate to the need or probable use; or (3) where sparsity of population, other available ways or other factors indicate an absence of any need for such paths and trails.(b) Said commissioner shall cause to be constructed and maintained such footpaths and bicycle trails adjacent to state roads as are designated in the state-wide plan prepared under subsection (a) of this section.(c) Any private individual, corporation or other organization or any town or other public authority or agency wishing to construct and maintain a footpath or bicycle trail along any highway maintained by the state shall comply with the provisions of section 13a-141.(d) No footpath or bicycle trail to be located, in whole or in part, within the boundaries of any transit district shall be constructed without the prior approval of such transit district. Any footpath or bicycle trail proposed by a transit district, whether or not said footpath or bicycle trail is included in the state-wide plan, shall be given priority in planning and construction.(P.A. 73-524, S. 1, 2.)See Sec. 13a-57b re inclusion of areas for bicyclists and pedestrians in layout of state highways.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-142 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-142 - Bridle paths along Merritt Parkway.

 The commissioner may connect the bridle paths established along the Merritt Parkway under the provisions of section 13a-141 and may defray the expenses of making such connections at a cost not to exceed two thousand dollars.(1949 Rev., S. 2245; 1958 Rev., S. 13-131; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 142.)History: 1963 act replaced previous provisions: See title history.See Sec. 13a-153 re state liability for bridle paths and injuries incurring on them.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-142a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-142a - Acquisition of land adjacent to highway for environmental protection purposes.

 The Commissioner of Transportation may acquire by purchase but not by condemnation, in the same manner and with like powers as said commissioner possesses in purchasing real property for state highway purposes, and accept gifts of, land adjacent to state highways and take a deed in the name of the state, and transfer custody of such land to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection when such land, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Transportation and the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, shall replace environmental protection land acquired from the Department of Agriculture or the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection for highway purposes after October 1, 1965.(February, 1965, P.A. 525; 1969, P.A. 768, S. 106; 1971, P.A. 739, S. 1; 872, S. 203; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(f); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)History: 1969 act replaced highway commissioner with commissioner of transportation; 1971 acts substituted department and commissioner of agriculture and natural resources for state park and forest commission and made technical changes consistent with the substitution and later provisions replaced park and forest commission with commissioner of environmental protection and made technical changes consistent with the substitution, the latter provisions were enacted; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Department of Agriculture with Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-142b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-142b - Development of linear parks along state highways.

 If requested by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Commissioner of Transportation may acquire by purchase, gift, or condemnation, in the same manner and with like powers as authorized and exercised by said commissioner in acquiring real property for state highway purposes, any real property or interest therein he shall find necessary or appropriate for the development of linear parks along and adjacent to state highways. The custody and control of such real property or interest therein acquired by the Commissioner of Transportation may be transferred by him without consideration to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection provided said Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall agree to assume and provide for the maintenance, supervision, responsibility and liability for the property so transferred, either directly or through cooperative agreements with municipalities to provide for maintenance and regulation. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection is authorized to transfer funds appropriated to the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Transportation is authorized to accept said funds to acquire real property for the purposes herein authorized. Such linear parks may be located on either or both sides of a highway in one or more towns and need not be continuous. No purchase or condemnation of land, for the purposes herein authorized, in excess of fifty feet from the edge of the highway right-of-way shall be made by the Commissioner of Transportation without the approval of the legislative body of the municipality in which such land is located.(1972, P.A. 106, S. 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-142c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-142c - Authority of Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

 The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall have the authority to:(1) Accept, receive and administer, on behalf of the state, any grants, loans or other funds made available to the state from any source for the purposes of sections 13a-141 and 13a-142b and this section;(2) Acquire lands, waters, or interests in lands or waters, by purchase or condemnation, and enter into agreements with federal, other state, or local agencies, corporations or individuals concerning such lands or waters which may be necessary to carry out the project;(3) Administer the finished design, including site planning, construction and development of the park, and(4) Administer, maintain and regulate the use of the park and enter into cooperative agreements with agencies of the federal or state government or local agencies to provide for maintenance and regulation.(1972, P.A. 106, S. 3; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)History: Pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-142d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-142d - Route 11 linear park.

 (a) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection is authorized to establish, in conjunction with the Department of Transportation, a linear park along Route 11, utilizing both the highway right-of-way and other adjoining lands acquired for this purpose. Said linear park, if established, shall also link other state and municipal recreational and open space areas.(b) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection: (1) May accept, receive and administer, on behalf of the state, any grants, loans or other funds made available from any source for the purposes of establishing said linear park; (2) may acquire lands, waters or interests in lands or waters, by purchase or condemnation, and enter into agreements with federal, other state or local agencies, corporations or individuals concerning such lands or waters which may be necessary to establish said park; (3) may administer the design, including site planning, construction and development; (4) may administer, maintain and regulate the use of said park; and (5) may enter into cooperative agreements with agencies of the government or local agencies to provide for maintenance and regulation of said park.(P.A. 98-132, S. 1, 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)History: P.A. 98-132 effective July 1, 1998 (Revisor's note: The Revisors editorially inserted a semicolon at the end of Subsec. (b)(4) after the word “park”); pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-143 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-143 - Commercial establishments along limited access highways.

 No commercial establishment shall be constructed or located within the right-of-way of, or on publicly owned or publicly leased land acquired or used for or in connection with, a limited access state highway, provided nothing herein shall be construed to divest the commissioner or any other state agency of the power exercised on October 1, 1959, with respect to service facilities under lease on said date along the Merritt Parkway, the Wilbur Cross Parkway or the Wilbur Cross Highway or to prevent the completion of any service facility on which construction has begun or for the construction of which a contract has been let prior to said date, nor shall anything herein be construed to prevent the commissioner or any other state agency from constructing and leasing service facilities along the Governor John Davis Lodge Turnpike.(1959, P.A. 82; 1961, P.A. 443; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 143; P.A. 86-201, S. 4.)History: 1961 act broadened establishments covered from original restriction to automotive service stations; 1963 act replaced previous provisions: See title history; P.A. 86-201 changed the reference from the Connecticut Turnpike to the Governor John Davis Lodge Turnpike.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-143a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-143a - Driveway permits.

 No person shall construct a new driveway or relocate an existing driveway leading onto a state highway without first obtaining a permit from the Commissioner of Transportation. In determining the advisability of issuing such permit, the commissioner shall include, in his consideration, the location of the driveway with respect to its effect on highway drainage, highway safety, the width and character of the highway affected, the density of traffic thereon and the character of such traffic. The person to whom the permit is issued shall comply with the provisions and restrictions contained therein at his own expense.(1967, P.A. 609, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 768, S. 107.)History: 1969 act replaced highway commissioner with commissioner of transportation.Cited. 176 C. 63; 180 C. 11.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-143b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-143b - Car-wash installation to correct icy highway conditions.

 Any person who operates a car-wash installation shall provide means, including but not limited to sanding, to correct any hazardous icy condition on the street or highway adjacent to such place of business arising from such operation. Any such person who does not correct such hazardous icy condition within twenty-four hours after notice from the local police authority, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars.(1971, P.A. 357.)
CT Gen Stat § 13a-143c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-143c - Regulations establishing minimum requirements re traffic safety for car wash facilities.

 Not later than February 1, 1996, the Commissioner of Transportation shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to establish minimum requirements relative to traffic safety for any car wash facility for which a building permit is issued on or after February 1, 1996. Such regulations shall include, but not be limited to, provisions which establish: (1) A minimum distance from the entrance and exit of the car wash building to the public highway; and (2) a minimum distance from the car wash site to a highway intersection.(P.A. 95-325, S. 1, 16.)History: P.A. 95-325 effective July 13, 1995.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-145 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-145 - Use of closed highway at user's risk.

 Any person using a state highway or bridge which has been designated as closed or restricted under the provisions of section 13a-115 shall do so at his own risk except with respect to any injury or loss not traceable to a defect caused in the process of construction, reconstruction or repair.(1949 Rev., 2238; 1958 Rev. 13-119; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 145; 504.)History: 1963 acts added exception and restated previous provisions: See title history.See Sec. 13a-257 re contractors' liability.Annotations to former statute:The immunity from liability for damages which statute establishes inures to the benefit of a contractor. 121 C. 475. Cited. 123 C. 659; 125 C. 413. Commissioner resuming full control of road is liable for injuries due to defect even though contractor was responsible for sign not being in place. 126 C. 355. Immunity extends to negligence of a contractor under the commissioner as well as to defects in the highway. 128 C. 707. Statute not a defense unless pleaded. 130 C. 33. Compliance with section will confer immunity as regards a defect not related to construction work; warning is not of defect, but that state will not be responsible; adequacy of warning is a question of fact. Id., 616. Statute has no application to injury suffered by one whose duties require him to be on highway in aid of work being done. 132 C. 89.Statutory immunity benefits highway commissioner only. 2 CS 75; 3 CS 241. Cited. 7 CS 357. If notice is posted, commissioner not liable for failure to maintain highway in reasonably safe condition. 10 CS 514. Notice “Caution, Guide Rail under Repair ...” does not close or restrict highway. Id., 521. Where highway closed for purpose of construction, reconstruction or repair, commissioner not liable for injury which is not traceable to defect caused in the process of such construction, etc. 11 CS 231. No immunity to contractor who performed work so as to create a nuisance; Id., 353; no reason for inserting implied exception removing statutory protection in case of such nuisance. 12 CS 309. Where posting of notice may be applicable only to vehicular traffic and not to foot travelers. 13 CS 124.Immunity extended to negligence of employee of contractor under commissioner. 2 Conn. Cir. Ct. 60.Annotations to present section:Cited. 23 CA 735; 27 CA 734.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-146 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-146 - Closing of municipal highway or bridge during expressway construction. Liability for injury.

 During the time that any highway or bridge is closed for the construction of an expressway under the provisions of subsection (b) of section 13a-115, the provisions of section 13a-149 shall be suspended and inapplicable thereto, provided such municipality shall not be relieved of the cost of repairing such highway or bridge, subject to reimbursement for the cost thereof as provided in section 13a-148. The suspension of the provisions of section 13a-149 and the applicability of subsection (a) of section 13a-115 shall end and said section 13a-149 shall become in full force and effect upon the completion of the repairs to and opening of any highway or bridge of a municipality for general traffic.(1957, P.A. 611, S. 2; 1958 Rev., S. 13-192; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 146.)History: 1963 act replaced previous provisions: See title history.
CT Gen Stat § 13a-147 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 13a - Highways and Bridges|Chapter 238 - Highway Construction and Maintenance|Section 13a-147 - Detours to be restored.

 Any highway or bridge which has been injured by traffic detoured by the commissioner from a state highway or bridge, while such state highway or bridge is being constructed, repaired or reconstructed, shall be restored by the commissioner to a condition as good as before such traffic was detoured.(1949 Rev., S. 2261; 1958 Rev., S. 13-142; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 147.)History: 1963 act replaced previous provisions: See title history.