reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 13.1-1106 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1106. Merger with foreign professional limited liability company or foreign professional corporation

Any limited liability company organized under this chapter may merge with one or more foreign professional limited liability companies that have obtained a certificate of registration to transact business in the Commonwealth pursuant to § 13.1-1105, or one or more foreign professional corporations that have obtained a certificate of authority to transact business in the Commonwealth pursuant to § 13.1-544.2, only if the professional limited liability companies and the professional corporations are organized to render the same professional services, provided that (i) the merger is permitted by the laws of the jurisdiction under which each such foreign professional limited liability company or foreign professional corporation is organized, (ii) if the surviving or new professional business entity is a professional limited liability company organized and operating under the laws of the Commonwealth, all of its members and managers shall be licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as the limited liability company, provided that if such service is that of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors or certified landscape architects, or any combination thereof, at least two-thirds of its membership interests shall be held by individuals or professional business entities that are licensed or otherwise legally authorized within the Commonwealth to render the applicable service, and (iii) if the surviving or new professional business entity is a professional corporation organized and operating under the laws of the Commonwealth, all of its shareholders shall be licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as the professional corporation, provided that if such service is that of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors or certified landscape architects, or any combination thereof, at least two-thirds of its shares shall be held by individuals who are licensed or otherwise legally authorized within the Commonwealth to render the applicable service.1992, c. 574; 1994, c. 349; 2008, c. 509.
VA Code § 13.1-1107 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1107. How limited liability company may render professional services; nonprofessional employees and agents; members and managers need not be employees, etc.

No limited liability company organized under this chapter may render professional services except through its members, managers, employees, independent contractors, and agents who are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render those professional services, and only members, managers, employees, independent contractors, and agents licensed or otherwise legally qualified by this Commonwealth may perform the professional service in Virginia. However, this provision shall not be interpreted to preclude clerks, secretaries, bookkeepers, technicians and other assistants who are not usually and ordinarily considered by custom and practice to be rendering professional service to the public for which a license or other legal authorization is required from acting as employees, managers and agents of a professional limited liability company and performing their usual duties or from acting as employees, independent contractors, managers or agents of a professional limited liability company. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be interpreted to require that the right of an individual to be a member or manager of a limited liability company organized under this chapter, or to organize that limited liability company, is dependent upon the present or future existence of an employment relationship between that individual and that limited liability company, or that individual's present or future active participation in any capacity in the production of the income of that limited liability company or in the performance of the services rendered by that limited liability company.1992, c. 574; 1994, c. 349; 2003, c. 786.
VA Code § 13.1-1108 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1108. Professional law limited liability company may qualify as executor, administrator or in other fiduciary capacity

A professional limited liability company engaged in the practice of law, as a part of the practice of law, may act as an executor, trustee or administrator of an estate, guardian for an infant, or in any other fiduciary capacity. Any member, manager, employee or agent of a professional limited liability company engaged in the practice of law who is duly licensed as an attorney in the Commonwealth may perform necessary fiduciary responsibilities on behalf of the professional limited liability company.1992, c. 574.
VA Code § 13.1-1109 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1109. Professional relationships not affected; liability for debts, etc., of limited liability company, its members, managers, employees, and agents

The provisions of this chapter shall not be construed to alter or affect the professional relationship between a person furnishing professional services and a person receiving that service either with respect to liability arising out of that professional service or the confidential relationship between the person rendering the professional service and the person receiving that professional service, if any, and all confidential relationships enjoyed under the laws of this Commonwealth, whether now in existence, or hereafter enacted, shall remain inviolate. A member, manager, agent or employee of a professional limited liability company shall not, by reason of being any member, manager, agent or employee of a professional limited liability company, be personally liable for any debts or claims against, or the acts or omissions of the professional limited liability company or of another member, manager, agent or employee of the professional limited liability company, but the professional limited liability company shall be liable for the acts or omissions of its members, managers, agents, employees and servants to the same extent to which any other limited liability company would be liable for the acts or omissions of its members, managers, agents, employees and servants while they are engaged in carrying on the limited liability company business.1992, c. 574.
VA Code § 13.1-1110 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1110. Professional limited liability company not to engage in other business; investment of funds

No professional limited liability company organized under this chapter may engage in any business other than the rendering of the professional services for which it was specifically organized; however, nothing in this chapter or in any other provisions of existing law applicable to limited liability companies shall be interpreted to prohibit that limited liability company from investing its funds in real estate, mortgages, stocks, bonds or any other type of investments, from owning real or personal property, or from exercising any other investment power granted to limited liability companies under this title and not in conflict with the provisions of this chapter.1992, c. 574; 1996, c. 265.
VA Code § 13.1-1111 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1111. Qualifications of members and managers; special provisions for limited liability companies rendering service of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors and landscape architects, and using the title of certified interior designers

Not less than two-thirds of the membership interests of a professional limited liability company rendering the services of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects, or using the title of certified interior designers, or any combination thereof, shall be held by individuals duly licensed or professional business entities legally authorized to render the services of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects, or by individuals or professional business entities legally authorized to use the title of certified interior designers, and the remainder of the membership interests may be held only by individuals who are employees of the professional limited liability company whether or not those employees are licensed to render professional services or authorized to use a title. For those professional limited liability companies using the title of certified interior designers and providing the services of architects, professional engineers or land surveyors, or any combination thereof, not less than two-thirds of the membership interests of the professional limited liability company shall be held by individuals who are duly licensed. No other professional limited liability company, except for a professional limited liability company engaged in the practice of accounting as described in § 13.1-1112, may have as a member anyone other than an individual or a professional business entity that is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services as those for which the professional limited liability company was organized.As an additional prerequisite for a professional limited liability company's engaging in the practice of the professions of architecture, professional engineering, land surveying, or landscape architecture, or using the title of certified interior designer, or any combination thereof, that professional limited liability company shall secure a certificate of authority, which may be renewable and may be either general or limited, from the Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, Certified Interior Designers and Landscape Architects. The certificate of authority shall be issued or renewed by the Board when in its discretion the professional limited liability company is in compliance with rules and regulations which shall be promulgated by the Board consistent with its jurisdiction to provide adequate safeguards for the public's health, welfare and safety. The fees for a certificate of authority as described above shall be the same fees as provided for in Chapter 4 (§ 54.1-400 et seq.) of Title 54.1.1992, c. 574; 1998, c. 27; 2000, cc. 191, 763; 2009, c. 309.
VA Code § 13.1-1112 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1112. Special provision for limited liability company engaged in practice of accounting

Before any professional limited liability company may engage in the practice of accounting in this Commonwealth, it shall first obtain and maintain any registration required for that professional limited liability company by Chapter 44 (§ 54.1-4400 et seq.) of Title 54.1. Not less than fifty-one percent of the membership interests of a professional limited liability company rendering the services of accounting shall be held by individuals or professional business entities duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the services of accounting, and the remainder of the membership interests may be held only by individuals who are employees of the professional limited liability company, whether or not those employees are licensed or otherwise authorized to render professional services.1992, c. 574; 2000, c. 191.
VA Code § 13.1-1113 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1113. Registration certificate required for limited liability company engaged in practice of law

Before any professional limited liability company may engage in the practice of law in this Commonwealth, it shall first obtain and maintain a registration certificate required for that professional limited liability company by Chapter 39 (§ 54.1-3900 et seq.) of Title 54.1.1992, c. 574.
VA Code § 13.1-1115 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1115. Transfer of membership interests

A. No member of a professional limited liability company organized under this chapter may sell, assign in whole or in part, or otherwise transfer that member's membership interest in the professional limited liability company except to (i) the professional limited liability company, (ii) another individual or professional business entity that is eligible to be a member of that professional limited liability company, or (iii) a qualified charitable remainder trust as described in subsection B. In the case of a professional limited liability company rendering the services of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors and certified landscape architects, or any combination thereof, no person or professional business entity which is not duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render one of those services will be eligible unless at least two-thirds of the remaining membership interests after the sale or transfer are held by persons or professional business entities duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to perform one of those services.B. As used in this section, "qualified charitable remainder trust" means a trust meeting the requirements of § 664 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and which meets all of the following conditions:1. Has one or more current income beneficiaries, all of which are eligible to be members in the professional limited liability company under § 13.1-1103.2. Has a trustee or independent special trustee who:a. Is eligible to have a membership interest in the professional limited liability company under § 13.1-1103; andb. Has exclusive authority over the membership interests while such interests are held in the trust.3. Has one or more irrevocably designated charitable remaindermen, all of which must at all times be domiciled or maintain a local chapter in the Commonwealth of Virginia.4. When transferring any assets during the term of the trust to charitable organizations, the distributions are made only to charitable organizations described in § 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code that are domiciled or maintain a local chapter in this Commonwealth.1992, c. 574; 1999, c. 100.
VA Code § 13.1-1116 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1116. Disqualification of member, manager, agent or employee

If any member, manager, agent or employee of a professional limited liability company organized under this chapter who has been rendering professional service to the public becomes legally disqualified to render those professional services within this Commonwealth, that member, manager, agent or employee shall immediately sever all employment with, and financial interests in, that professional limited liability company except that the member, manager, agent or employee may be a member subject to the provisions of this chapter. A professional limited liability company's failure to require compliance with this provision shall constitute a ground for the forfeiture of its articles of organization and the cancellation of its existence by the State Corporation Commission.1992, c. 574; 2009, c. 201.
VA Code § 13.1-1118 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1118. Management

Unless the articles of organization or an operating agreement provides for management of a professional limited liability company by a manager or managers, management of a professional limited liability company shall be vested in its members. If the articles of organization or an operating agreement provides for management of a professional limited liability company by a manager or managers, the manager shall be an individual or professional business entity duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services within this Commonwealth that the professional limited liability company was organized for the purpose of rendering. Only members or managers duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services within this Commonwealth shall supervise and direct the provision of professional services within this Commonwealth, or delegate to their agents, officers, and employees or delegate by a management agreement or another agreement with, or otherwise to, other persons managerial duties and tasks related to the professional limited liability company's operations.1992, c. 574; 2007, c. 629.
VA Code § 13.1-1120 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1120. Income and property taxes

All professional limited liability companies organized or qualifying under the provisions of this chapter shall be treated for income tax purposes under the provisions of Chapter 3 (§ 58.1-300 et seq.) of Title 58.1 in the manner determined under § 58.1-301, and property owned by professional limited liability companies shall be taxed in the actual form in which it may exist and not as capital.1992, c. 574.
VA Code § 13.1-1121 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1121. Merger

A professional limited liability company operating pursuant to the terms of this chapter may merge with one or more corporations, limited liability companies, or domestic partnerships only if the surviving corporation, limited liability company, or domestic partnership is a professional corporation, a professional limited liability company, or a domestic partnership all of the partners of which are professional corporations, professional limited liability companies, or individuals duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services as those for which the surviving professional corporation, professional limited liability company or domestic partnership was incorporated or organized.1992, c. 574; 1996, c. 265; 2008, c. 509.
VA Code § 13.1-1122 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1122. Application of Chapter 12 of this title

The provisions of Chapter 12 (§ 13.1-1000 et seq.) of this title shall be applicable to professional limited liability companies organized under the provisions of this chapter. Where a conflict arises between the provisions found in Chapter 12 (§ 13.1-1000 et seq.) of this title and this chapter, this chapter shall control.1992, c. 574.
VA Code § 13.1-1123 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 13 - Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act|§ 13.1-1123. Coordination with other provisions of Virginia Code

For purposes of all sections of this Code other than sections in Chapter 7 (§ 13.1-542 et seq.) and in this chapter, whenever the term "professional corporation" is used, that term shall be deemed to include a professional limited liability company and wherever the terms "shareholder," "employee," "officer" or "agent" are used those terms shall be deemed to include, as appropriate, the terms member, manager, employee and agent.1992, c. 574; 2007, cc. 233, 639.
VA Code § 13.1-1200 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 14 - Virginia Business Trust Act|§ 13.1-1200. Short title

This chapter shall be known as the Virginia Business Trust Act.2002, c. 621.
VA Code § 13.1-1202 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 14 - Virginia Business Trust Act|§ 13.1-1202. Filing requirements

A. A document shall satisfy the requirements of this section, and of any other section that adds to or varies these requirements, to be entitled to be filed with the Commission.B. The document shall be one that this chapter requires or permits to be filed with the Commission.C. The document shall contain the information required by this chapter. It may also contain other information.D. The document shall be typewritten or printed. The typewritten or printed portion shall be in black. Photocopies, or other reproduced copies, of typewritten or printed documents may be filed. In every case, information in the document shall be legible and the document shall be capable of being reformatted and reproduced in copies of archival quality.E. The document shall be in the English language. A business trust name need not be in English if written in English letters or Arabic or Roman numerals. The articles of trust, duly authenticated by the official having custody of the applicable records in the state or other jurisdiction under whose law the business trust is formed, which are required of each foreign business trust, need not be in English if accompanied by a reasonably authenticated English translation.F. The document shall be signed in the name of the domestic or foreign business trust:1. By a trustee or by an officer of the business trust;2. If the business trust has not been formed, by the person forming the business trust; or3. If the business trust is in the hands of a receiver, trustee, or other court-appointed fiduciary, by that fiduciary.G. The person executing the document shall sign it and state beneath or opposite his signature his name and the capacity in which he executes the document. Any signature may be a facsimile.H. If, pursuant to any provision of this chapter, the Commission has prescribed a mandatory form for the document, the document shall be in or on the prescribed form.I. The document shall be delivered to the Commission for filing and shall be accompanied by the required filing fee and any registration fee required by this chapter.J. The Commission may accept the electronic filing of any information required or permitted to be filed by this chapter and may prescribe the methods of execution, recording, reproduction and certification of electronically filed information.2002, c. 621; 2013, c. 25.
VA Code § 13.1-1204 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 14 - Virginia Business Trust Act|§ 13.1-1204. Fees for filing documents and issuing certificates

The Commission shall charge and collect the following fees, except as provided in § 12.1-21.2: 1. For filing any one of the following, the fee shall be $100:a. Articles of trust.b. An application for registration as a foreign business trust.c. Articles of domestication.d. Articles of entity conversion.2. For filing any one of the following, the fee shall be $25:a. Articles of amendment.b. Articles of restatement.c. Articles of cancellation.d. Articles of correction referred to in § 13.1-1213, a copy of an amendment or a correction referred to in § 13.1-1245, or an amended application for registration referred to in § 13.1-1245, provided that an amended application shall not require a separate fee when it is filed with a copy of an amendment or a correction referred to in § 13.1-1245.e. A copy of an instrument of merger of a foreign business trust referred to in § 13.1-1250.f. Articles of merger.g. Articles of trust surrender.h. A copy of an instrument of entity conversion of a foreign business trust holding a certificate of registration to transact business in the Commonwealth.i. An application for a certificate of cancellation of a foreign business trust.3. For filing any one of the following, the fee shall be $10:a. An application to reserve or to renew the reservation of a name for use by a domestic or foreign business trust.b. A notice of the transfer of a name reserved for use by a domestic or foreign business trust.4. For issuing a certificate pursuant to § 13.1-1285, the fee shall be $6.2002, c. 621; 2003, c. 373; 2004, c. 274; 2007, c. 771; 2008, c. 101; 2012, c. 130; 2013, c. 25.