reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MN Stat § 336.3-109 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-109 — Payable To Bearer Or To Order.

 336.3-109 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-109 PAYABLE TO BEARER OR TO ORDER. (a) A promise or order is payable to bearer if it: (1) states that it is payable to bearer or to the order of bearer or otherwise indicates that the person in possession of the promise or order is entitled to payment; (2) does not state a payee; or (3) states that it is payable to or to the order of cash or otherwise indicates that it is not payable to an identified person. (b) A promise or order that is not payable to bearer is payable to order if it is payable (i) to the order of an identified person or (ii) to an identified person or order. A promise or order that is payable to order is payable to the identified person. (c) An instrument payable to bearer may become payable to an identified person if it is specially endorsed pursuant to section 336.3-205(a). An instrument payable to an identified person may become payable to bearer if it is endorsed in blank pursuant to section 336.3-205(b). History:   1992 c 565 s 11
MN Stat § 336.3-111 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-111 — Place Of Payment.

 336.3-111 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-111 PLACE OF PAYMENT. Except as otherwise provided for items in article 4, an instrument is payable at the place of payment stated in the instrument. If no place of payment is stated, an instrument is payable at the address of the drawee or maker stated in the instrument. If no address is stated, the place of payment is the place of business of the drawee or maker. If a drawee or maker has more than one place of business, the place of payment is any place of business of the drawee or maker chosen by the person entitled to enforce the instrument. If the drawee or maker has no place of business, the place of payment is the residence of the drawee or maker. History:   1992 c 565 s 13
MN Stat § 336.3-112 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-112 — Interest.

 336.3-112 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-112 INTEREST. (a) Unless otherwise provided in the instrument, (i) an instrument is not payable with interest, and (ii) interest on an interest-bearing instrument is payable from the date of the instrument. (b) Interest may be stated in an instrument as a fixed or variable amount of money or it may be expressed as a fixed or variable rate or rates. The amount or rate of interest may be stated or described in the instrument in any manner and may require reference to information not contained in the instrument. If an instrument provides for interest, but the amount of interest payable cannot be ascertained from the description, interest is payable at the judgment rate in effect at the place of payment of the instrument and at the time interest first accrues. History:   1992 c 565 s 14
MN Stat § 336.3-113 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-113 — Date Of Instrument.

 336.3-113 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-113 DATE OF INSTRUMENT. (a) An instrument may be antedated or postdated. The date stated determines the time of payment if the instrument is payable at a fixed period after date. Except as provided in section 336.4-401(c), an instrument payable on demand is not payable before the date of the instrument. (b) If an instrument is undated, its date is the date of its issue or, in the case of an unissued instrument, the date it first comes into possession of a holder. History:   1992 c 565 s 15
MN Stat § 336.3-114 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-114 — Contradictory Terms Of Instrument.

 336.3-114 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-114 CONTRADICTORY TERMS OF INSTRUMENT. If an instrument contains contradictory terms, typewritten terms prevail over printed terms, handwritten terms prevail over both, and words prevail over numbers. History:   1992 c 565 s 16
MN Stat § 336.3-115 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-115 — Incomplete Instrument.

 336.3-115 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-115 INCOMPLETE INSTRUMENT. (a) "Incomplete instrument" means a signed writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the contents of which show at the time of signing that it is incomplete but that the signer intended it to be completed by the addition of words or numbers. (b) Subject to subsection (c), if an incomplete instrument is an instrument under section 336.3-104, it may be enforced according to its terms if it is not completed, or according to its terms as augmented by completion. If an incomplete instrument is not an instrument under section 336.3-104, but, after completion, the requirements of section 336.3-104 are met, the instrument may be enforced according to its terms as augmented by completion. (c) If words or numbers are added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer, there is an alteration of the incomplete instrument under section 336.3-407. (d) The burden of establishing that words or numbers were added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer is on the person asserting the lack of authority. History:   1992 c 565 s 17
MN Stat § 336.3-116 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-116 — Joint And Several Liability; Contribution.

 336.3-116 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-116 JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY; CONTRIBUTION. (a) Except as otherwise provided in the instrument, two or more persons who have the same liability on an instrument as makers, drawers, acceptors, endorsers who endorse as joint payees, or anomalous endorsers are jointly and severally liable in the capacity in which they sign. (b) Except as provided in section 336.3-419(e) or by agreement of the affected parties, a party having joint and several liability who pays the instrument is entitled to receive from any party having the same joint and several liability contribution in accordance with applicable law. History:  1992 c 565 s 18; 2003 c 81 art 1 s 3
MN Stat § 336.3-117 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-117 — Other Agreements Affecting Instrument.

 336.3-117 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-117 OTHER AGREEMENTS AFFECTING INSTRUMENT. Subject to applicable law regarding exclusion of proof of contemporaneous or previous agreements, the obligation of a party to an instrument to pay the instrument may be modified, supplemented, or nullified by a separate agreement of the obligor and a person entitled to enforce the instrument, if the instrument is issued or the obligation is incurred in reliance on the agreement or as part of the same transaction giving rise to the agreement. To the extent an obligation is modified, supplemented, or nullified by an agreement under this section, the agreement is a defense to the obligation. History:   1992 c 565 s 19
MN Stat § 336.3-118 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-118 — Statute Of Limitations.

 336.3-118 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-118 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS. (a) Except as provided in subsection (e), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay a note payable at a definite time must be commenced within six years after the due date or dates stated in the note or, if a due date is accelerated, within six years after the accelerated due date. (b) Except as provided in subsection (d) or (e), if demand for payment is made to the maker of a note payable on demand, an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay the note must be commenced within six years after the demand. If no demand for payment is made to the maker, an action to enforce the note is barred if neither principal nor interest on the note has been paid for a continuous period of ten years. (c) Except as provided in subsection (d), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to an unaccepted draft to pay the draft must be commenced within three years after dishonor of the draft or ten years after the date of the draft, whichever period expires first. (d) An action to enforce the obligation of the acceptor of a certified check or the issuer of a teller's check, cashier's check, or traveler's check must be commenced within three years after demand for payment is made to the acceptor or issuer, as the case may be. (e) An action to enforce the obligation of a party to a certificate of deposit to pay the instrument must be commenced within six years after demand for payment is made to the maker, but if the instrument states a due date and the maker is not required to pay before that date, the six-year period begins when a demand for payment is in effect and the due date has passed. (f) An action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay an accepted draft, other than a certified check, must be commenced (i) within six years after the due date or dates stated in the draft or acceptance if the obligation of the acceptor is payable at a definite time, or (ii) within six years after the date of the acceptance if the obligation of the acceptor is payable on demand. (g) Unless governed by other law regarding claims for indemnity or contribution, an action (i) for conversion of an instrument, for money had and received, or like action based on conversion, (ii) for breach of warranty, or (iii) to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this article and not governed by this section must be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues. History:   1992 c 565 s 20
MN Stat § 336.3-119 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-119 — Notice Of Right To Defend Action.

 336.3-119 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-119 NOTICE OF RIGHT TO DEFEND ACTION. In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to this article or article 4, the defendant may give the third person notice of the litigation in a record, and the person notified may then give similar notice to any other person who is answerable over. If the notice states (i) that the person notified may come in and defend and (ii) that failure to do so will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving the notice as to any determination of fact common to the two litigations, the person notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the person notified does come in and defend. History:  1992 c 565 s 21; 2003 c 81 art 1 s 4
MN Stat § 336.3-201 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-201 — Negotiation.

 336.3-201 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-201 NEGOTIATION. (a) "Negotiation" means a transfer of possession, whether voluntary or involuntary, of an instrument by a person other than the issuer to a person who thereby becomes its holder. (b) Except for negotiation by a remitter, if an instrument is payable to an identified person, negotiation requires transfer of possession of the instrument and its endorsement by the holder. If an instrument is payable to bearer, it may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone. History:   1992 c 565 s 22
MN Stat § 336.3-202 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-202 — Negotiation Subject To Rescission.

 336.3-202 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-202 NEGOTIATION SUBJECT TO RESCISSION. (a) Negotiation is effective even if obtained (i) from an infant, a corporation exceeding its powers, or a person without capacity, (ii) by fraud, duress, or mistake, or (iii) in breach of duty or as part of an illegal transaction. (b) To the extent permitted by other law, negotiation may be rescinded or may be subject to other remedies, but those remedies may not be asserted against a subsequent holder in due course or a person paying the instrument in good faith and without knowledge of facts that are a basis for rescission or other remedy. History:   1992 c 565 s 23
MN Stat § 336.3-203 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-203 — Transfer Of Instrument; Rights Acquired By Transfer.

 336.3-203 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-203 TRANSFER OF INSTRUMENT; RIGHTS ACQUIRED BY TRANSFER. (a) An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to enforce the instrument. (b) Transfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation, vests in the transferee any right of the transferor to enforce the instrument, including any right as a holder in due course, but the transferee cannot acquire rights of a holder in due course by a transfer, directly or indirectly, from a holder in due course if the transferee engaged in fraud or illegality affecting the instrument. (c) Unless otherwise agreed, if an instrument is transferred for value and the transferee does not become a holder because of lack of endorsement by the transferor, the transferee has a specifically enforceable right to the unqualified endorsement of the transferor, but negotiation of the instrument does not occur until the endorsement is made. (d) If a transferor purports to transfer less than the entire instrument, negotiation of the instrument does not occur. The transferee obtains no rights under this article and has only the rights of a partial assignee. History:   1992 c 565 s 24
MN Stat § 336.3-204 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-204 — Endorsement.

 336.3-204 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-204 ENDORSEMENT. (a) "Endorsement" means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on an instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii) restricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring endorser's liability on the instrument, but regardless of the intent of the signer, a signature and its accompanying words is an endorsement unless the accompanying words, terms of the instrument, place of the signature, or other circumstances unambiguously indicate that the signature was made for a purpose other than endorsement. For the purpose of determining whether a signature is made on an instrument, a paper affixed to the instrument is a part of the instrument. (b) "Endorser" means a person who makes an endorsement. (c) For the purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a holder, an endorsement that transfers a security interest in the instrument is effective as an unqualified endorsement of the instrument. (d) If an instrument is payable to a holder under a name that is not the name of the holder, endorsement may be made by the holder in the name stated in the instrument or in the holder's name or both, but signature in both names may be required by a person paying or taking the instrument for value or collection. History:   1992 c 565 s 25
MN Stat § 336.3-205 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-205 — Special Endorsement; Blank Endorsement; Anomalous Endorsement.

 336.3-205 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-205 SPECIAL ENDORSEMENT; BLANK ENDORSEMENT; ANOMALOUS ENDORSEMENT. (a) If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to an identified person or payable to bearer, and the endorsement identifies a person to whom it makes the instrument payable, it is a "special endorsement." When specially endorsed, an instrument becomes payable to the identified person and may be negotiated only by the endorsement of that person. The principles stated in section 336.3-110 apply to special endorsements. (b) If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument and it is not a special endorsement, it is a "blank endorsement." When endorsed in blank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone until specially endorsed. (c) The holder may convert a blank endorsement that consists only of a signature into a special endorsement by writing, above the signature of the endorser, words identifying the person to whom the instrument is made payable. (d) "Anomalous endorsement" means an endorsement made by a person who is not the holder of the instrument. An anomalous endorsement does not affect the manner in which the instrument may be negotiated. History:   1992 c 565 s 26
MN Stat § 336.3-207 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-207 — Reacquisition.

 336.3-207 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-207 REACQUISITION. Reacquisition of an instrument occurs if it is transferred to a former holder, by negotiation or otherwise. A former holder who reacquires the instrument may cancel endorsements made after the reacquirer first became a holder of the instrument. If the cancellation causes the instrument to be payable to the reacquirer or to bearer, the reacquirer may negotiate the instrument. An endorser whose endorsement is canceled is discharged, and the discharge is effective against any subsequent holder. History:   1992 c 565 s 28
MN Stat § 336.3-301 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-301 — Person Entitled To Enforce Instrument.

 336.3-301 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-301 PERSON ENTITLED TO ENFORCE INSTRUMENT. "Person entitled to enforce" an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to section 336.3-309 or 336.3-418(d). A person may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the instrument. History:   1992 c 565 s 29
MN Stat § 336.3-302 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-302 — Holder In Due Course.

 336.3-302 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-302 HOLDER IN DUE COURSE. (a) Subject to subsection (c) and section 336.3-106(d), "holder in due course" means the holder of an instrument if: (1) the instrument when issued or negotiated to the holder does not bear such apparent evidence of forgery or alteration or is not otherwise so irregular or incomplete as to call into question its authenticity; and (2) the holder took the instrument (i) for value, (ii) in good faith, (iii) without notice that the instrument is overdue or has been dishonored or that there is an uncured default with respect to payment of another instrument issued as part of the same series, (iv) without notice that the instrument contains an unauthorized signature or has been altered, (v) without notice of any claim to the instrument described in section 336.3-306, and (vi) without notice that any party has a defense or claim in recoupment described in section 336.3-305(a). (b) Notice of discharge of a party, other than discharge in an insolvency proceeding, is not notice of a defense under subsection (a), but discharge is effective against a person who became a holder in due course with notice of the discharge. Public filing or recording of a document does not of itself constitute notice of a defense, claim in recoupment, or claim to the instrument. (c) Except to the extent a transferor or predecessor in interest has rights as a holder in due course, a person does not acquire rights of a holder in due course of an instrument taken (i) by legal process or by purchase in an execution, bankruptcy, or creditor's sale or similar proceeding, (ii) by purchase as part of a bulk transaction not in ordinary course of business of the transferor, or (iii) as the successor in interest to an estate or other organization. (d) If, under section 336.3-303(a)(1), the promise of performance that is the consideration for an instrument has been partially performed, the holder may assert rights as a holder in due course of the instrument only to the fraction of the amount payable under the instrument equal to the value of the partial performance divided by the value of the promised performance. (e) If (i) the person entitled to enforce an instrument has only a security interest in the instrument and (ii) the person obliged to pay the instrument has a defense, claim in recoupment, or claim to the instrument that may be asserted against the person who granted the security interest, the person entitled to enforce the instrument may assert rights as a holder in due course only to an amount payable under the instrument which, at the time of enforcement of the instrument, does not exceed the amount of the unpaid obligation secured. (f) To be effective, notice must be received at a time and in a manner that gives a reasonable opportunity to act on it. (g) This section is subject to any law limiting status as a holder in due course in particular classes of transactions. History:   1992 c 565 s 30
MN Stat § 336.3-303 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 324 - 341 — Trade Regulations, Consumer Protection|Chapter 336 — Uniform Commercial Code|Section 336.3-303 — Value And Consideration.

 336.3-303 MS 1990 [Repealed, 1992 c 565 s 114] 336.3-303 VALUE AND CONSIDERATION. (a) An instrument is issued or transferred for value if: (1) the instrument is issued or transferred for a promise of performance, to the extent the promise has been performed; (2) the transferee acquires a security interest or other lien in the instrument other than a lien obtained by judicial proceeding; (3) the instrument is issued or transferred as payment of, or as security for, an antecedent claim against any person, whether or not the claim is due; (4) the instrument is issued or transferred in exchange for a negotiable instrument; or (5) the instrument is issued or transferred in exchange for the incurring of an irrevocable obligation to a third party by the person taking the instrument. (b) "Consideration" means any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract. The drawer or maker of an instrument has a defense if the instrument is issued without consideration. If an instrument is issued for a promise of performance, the issuer has a defense to the extent performance of the promise is due and the promise has not been performed. If an instrument is issued for value as stated in subsection (a), the instrument is also issued for consideration. History:   1992 c 565 s 31