reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 19.2-82 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7 - Arrest|§ 19.2-82. Procedure upon arrest without warrant

A. A person arrested without a warrant shall be brought forthwith before a magistrate or other issuing authority having jurisdiction who shall proceed to examine the officer making the arrest under oath. If the magistrate or other issuing authority having jurisdiction has lawful probable cause upon which to believe that a criminal offense has been committed, and that the person arrested has committed such offense, he shall issue either a warrant under the provisions of § 19.2-72 or a summons under the provisions of § 19.2-73.As used in this section the term "brought before a magistrate or other issuing authority having jurisdiction" shall include a personal appearance before such authority or any two-way electronic video and audio communication meeting the requirements of § 19.2-3.1, in order that the accused and the arresting officer may simultaneously see and speak to such magistrate or authority. If electronic means are used, any documents filed may be transmitted in accordance with § 19.2-3.1.If a warrant is issued the case shall thereafter be disposed of under the provisions of §§ 19.2-183 through 19.2-190, if the issuing officer is a judge; under the provisions of §§ 19.2-119 through 19.2-134, if the issuing officer is a magistrate or other issuing officer having jurisdiction.If such warrant or summons is not issued, the person so arrested shall be released.B. A warrant may be issued pursuant to this section, where the person has been arrested in accordance with § 19.2-81.6, and the magistrate or other issuing authority examines the officer making the arrest under oath, and finds lawful probable cause to believe the arrested individual meets the conditions of clauses (i) and (ii) of § 19.2-81.6. If such warrant is issued, it shall recite § 19.2-81.6 and the applicable violation of federal criminal law previously confirmed with Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Upon the person being taken into federal custody, such state warrant shall be dismissed. Any warrant issued under this subsection shall expire within 72 hours, or when the person is taken into federal custody, whichever occurs first. Recurrent applications for a warrant under this subsection shall not be permitted within a six-month period except where confirmation has been received from Immigration and Customs Enforcement that the arrested person will be taken into federal custody.Code 1950, § 19.1-100.1; 1968, c. 639; 1975, c. 495; 1981, c. 382; 1983, c. 564; 1984, c. 766; 1991, c. 41; 2002, c. 310; 2004, cc. 360, 412; 2009, c. 669.
VA Code § 19.2-82.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7 - Arrest|§ 19.2-82.1. Giving false identity to law-enforcement officer; penalty

Any person who falsely identifies himself to a law-enforcement officer with the intent to deceive the law-enforcement officer as to his real identity after having been lawfully detained and after being requested to identify himself by a law-enforcement officer, is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.2006, c. 387.
VA Code § 19.2-83.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7 - Arrest|§ 19.2-83.1. Report of arrest of school employees and adult students for certain offenses

A. Every state official or agency and every sheriff, police officer, or other local law-enforcement officer or conservator of the peace having the power to arrest for a felony, upon arresting a person who is known or discovered by the arresting official to be a full-time, part-time, permanent, or temporary teacher or other employee in any public school division in this Commonwealth for a felony or a Class 1 misdemeanor or an equivalent offense in another state shall file a report of such arrest with the division superintendent of the employing division as soon as practicable. The contents of the report required pursuant to this section shall be utilized by the local school division solely to implement the provisions of subsection B of § 22.1-296.2 and § 22.1-315.B. Every state official or agency and every sheriff, police officer, or other local law-enforcement officer or conservator of the peace having the power to arrest for a felony, shall file a report, as soon as practicable, with the division superintendent of the school division in which the student is enrolled upon arresting a person who is known or discovered by the arresting official to be a student age 18 or older in any public school division in this Commonwealth for:1. A firearm offense pursuant to Article 4 (§ 18.2-279 et seq.), 5 (§ 18.2-288 et seq.), 6 (§ 18.2-299 et seq.), 6.1 (§ 18.2-307.1 et seq.), or 7 (§ 18.2-308.1 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 18.2;2. Homicide, pursuant to Article 1 (§ 18.2-30 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2;3. Felonious assault and bodily wounding, pursuant to Article 4 (§ 18.2-51 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2;4. Criminal sexual assault, pursuant to Article 7 (§ 18.2-61 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2;5. Manufacture, sale, gift, distribution or possession of Schedule I or II controlled substances, pursuant to Article 1 (§ 18.2-247 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 18.2;6. Manufacture, sale or distribution of marijuana pursuant to Article 1 (§ 18.2-247 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 18.2;7. Arson and related crimes, pursuant to Article 1 (§ 18.2-77 et seq.) of Chapter 5 of Title 18.2;8. Burglary and related offenses, pursuant to §§ 18.2-89 through 18.2-93;9. Robbery pursuant to § 18.2-58;10. Prohibited criminal street gang activity pursuant to § 18.2-46.2;11. Recruitment of juveniles for criminal street gang pursuant to § 18.2-46.3;12. An act of violence by a mob pursuant to § 18.2-42.1; or13. Abduction of any person pursuant to § 18.2-47 or 18.2-48.1991, c. 2; 1996, cc. 958, 960; 1997, c. 721; 2001, c. 591; 2004, c. 517; 2011, cc. 384, 410; 2013, c. 746; 2014, cc. 674, 719; 2018, c. 281.
VA Code § 19.2-83.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7 - Arrest|§ 19.2-83.2. Jail officer to ascertain citizenship of inmate

Whenever any person is taken into custody at any jail for a felony offense, the sheriff or other officer in charge of such facility shall inquire as to whether the person (i) was born in a country other than the United States and (ii) is a citizen of a country other than the United States. The sheriff or other officer in charge of such facility shall make an immigration alien query to the Law Enforcement Support Center of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement for any person taken into custody for a felony who (i) was born in a country other than the United States and (ii) is a citizen of a country other than the United States, or for whom the answer to clause (i) or (ii) is unknown. The sheriff or other officer in charge shall communicate the results of any immigration alien query to the Local Inmate Data System of the State Compensation Board. The State Compensation Board shall communicate, on a monthly basis, the results of any immigration alien query that results in a confirmation that the person is illegally present in the United States to the Central Criminal Records Exchange of the Department of State Police in a format approved by the Exchange. The information received by the Central Criminal Records Exchange concerning the person's immigration status shall be recorded in the person's criminal history record.2008, cc. 180, 415; 2020, cc. 995, 996.
VA Code § 19.2-83.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7.1 - Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention|§ 19.2-83.3. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Deadly force" means any force that is likely or intended to cause serious bodily injury or death."Deadly weapon" means any object, other than a body part or stationary object, that in the manner of its actual, attempted, or threatened use is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death."Excessive force" means any force that is objectively unreasonable given the totality of the circumstances, including the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight."Kinetic impact munitions" includes impact rounds and baton rounds, such as rubber batons, bean bag rounds, foam baton rounds, and plastic, wax, wood, or rubber-coated projectiles."Neck restraint" means the use of any body part or object to attempt to control or disable a person by applying pressure against the neck, including the trachea or carotid artery, with the purpose, intent, or effect of controlling or restricting the person's movement or restricting the person's blood flow or breathing, including chokeholds, carotid restraints, and lateral vascular neck restraints.2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 25, 35, 37, 55.
VA Code § 19.2-83.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7.1 - Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention|§ 19.2-83.4. Prohibited practices for law-enforcement officers during an arrest or detention

A. The use of a neck restraint by a law-enforcement officer is prohibited unless the use of a neck restraint is immediately necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person from death or serious bodily injury.B. The willful discharge of a firearm by a law-enforcement officer into or at a moving vehicle is prohibited unless the discharge of a firearm is immediately necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person from death or serious bodily injury.C. The use of kinetic impact munitions by a law-enforcement officer is prohibited unless the use of kinetic impact munitions is necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person from bodily injury.2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 35, 37, 55.
VA Code § 19.2-83.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7.1 - Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention|§ 19.2-83.5. Use of deadly force by a law-enforcement officer during an arrest or detention

A. A law-enforcement officer shall not use deadly force against a person unless:1. The law-enforcement officer reasonably believes that deadly force is immediately necessary to protect the law-enforcement officer or another person, other than the subject of the use of deadly force, from the threat of serious bodily injury or death;2. If feasible, the law-enforcement officer has provided a warning to the subject of the deadly force that he will use deadly force;3. The law-enforcement officer's actions are reasonable, given the totality of the circumstances; and4. All other options have been exhausted or do not reasonably lend themselves to the circumstances.B. In determining if a law-enforcement officer's use of deadly force is proper, the following factors shall be considered:1. The reasonableness of the law-enforcement officer's belief and actions from the perspective of a reasonable law-enforcement officer on the scene at the time of the incident; and2. The totality of the circumstances, including (i) the amount of time available to the law-enforcement officer to make a decision; (ii) whether the subject of the use of deadly force (a) possessed or appeared to possess a deadly weapon and (b) refused to comply with the law-enforcement officer's lawful order to surrender an object believed to be a deadly weapon prior to the law-enforcement officer using deadly force; (iii) whether the law-enforcement officer engaged in de-escalation measures prior to the use of deadly force, including taking cover, waiting for backup, trying to calm the subject prior to the use of force, or using non-deadly force prior to the use of deadly force; (iv) whether any conduct by the law-enforcement officer prior to the use of deadly force intentionally increased the risk of a confrontation resulting in deadly force being used; and (v) the seriousness of the suspected crime.2020, Sp. Sess. I, c. 37.
VA Code § 19.2-83.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7.1 - Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention|§ 19.2-83.6. Failure of a law-enforcement officer to intervene in use of excessive force

A. Any law-enforcement officer who, while in the performance of his official duties, witnesses another law-enforcement officer engaging or attempting to engage in the use of excessive force against another person shall intervene, when such intervention is feasible, to end the use of excessive force or attempted use of excessive force, or to prevent the further use of excessive force. A law-enforcement officer shall also render aid, as circumstances reasonably permit, to any person injured as the result of the use of excessive force.B. Any law-enforcement officer who intervenes pursuant to subsection A or who witnesses another law-enforcement officer engaging or attempting to engage in the use of excessive force against another person shall report such intervention or use of excessive force in accordance with the law-enforcement officer's employing agency's policies and procedures for reporting misconduct committed by a law-enforcement officer. No employing agency shall retaliate, threaten to retaliate, or take or threaten to take any disciplinary action against a law-enforcement officer who intervenes pursuant to subsection A or makes a report pursuant to this subsection.2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 25, 37.
VA Code § 19.2-83.7 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 7.1 - Law-Enforcement Officer Conduct During an Arrest or Detention|§ 19.2-83.7. Penalties for violations of this chapter

In addition to any other penalty authorized by law, any law-enforcement officer who knowingly violates the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to disciplinary action, including dismissal, demotion, suspension, or transfer of the law-enforcement officer or decertification as provided in subsection D of § 15.2-1707.2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 25, 35, 37, 55.
VA Code § 19.2-84 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-84. Governor to surrender on requisition of President

The Governor shall whenever required by the executive authority of the United States, pursuant to the Constitution and laws thereof, deliver over to justice any person found within the Commonwealth, who is charged with having committed any crime without the jurisdiction of the United States.Code 1950, § 19.1-47; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-85 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-85. Definitions

When appearing in this chapter:(1) The term "Governor" includes any person performing the functions of Governor by authority of the law of this Commonwealth;(2) The term "executive authority" includes the Governor, and any person performing the functions of Governor in a state other than this Commonwealth;(3) The term "State," referring to a state other than this Commonwealth, includes any other state or territory, organized or unorganized, of the United States of America, and the District of Columbia; and(4) The term "judge" means a judge of a court of record having criminal jurisdiction.Code 1950, § 19.1-49; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-86 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-86. Fugitives from justice; duty of Governor

Subject to the provisions of this chapter, the provisions of the Constitution of the United States controlling, and any and all acts of Congress enacted in pursuance thereof, the Governor shall have arrested and delivered up to the executive authority of any other of the United States any person charged in that state with treason, felony, or other crime, who has fled from justice and is found in this Commonwealth.Code 1950, § 19.1-50; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-87 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-87. Form of demand

No demand for the extradition of a person charged with, or convicted of, crime in another state shall be recognized by the Governor unless in writing alleging, except in cases arising under § 19.2-91, that the accused was present in the demanding state at the time of the commission of the alleged crime and that thereafter he fled from such state, and accompanied: (1) by a copy of an indictment found, (2) by a copy or an information supported by an affidavit filed in the state having jurisdiction of the crime, (3) by a copy of an affidavit made before a magistrate in such state together with a copy of any warrant which was issued thereupon, or (4) by a copy of a judgment of conviction or of a sentence imposed in execution thereof together with a statement by the executive authority of the demanding state that the person claimed has escaped from confinement or has broken the terms of his bail, probation or parole. The indictment, information or affidavit made before the magistrate must substantially charge the person demanded with having committed a crime under the law of that state; and the copy of the indictment, information, affidavit, judgment of conviction or sentence must be authenticated by the executive authority making the demand.Code 1950, § 19.1-51; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-88 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-88. Governor may investigate case

When a demand shall be made upon the Governor by the executive authority of another state for the surrender of a person so charged with, or convicted of, crime, the Governor may call upon the Attorney General or any other officer of this Commonwealth to investigate or assist in investigating the demand and to report to him the situation and circumstances of the person so demanded and whether he ought to be surrendered.Code 1950, § 19.1-52; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-89 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-89. Extradition of persons imprisoned or awaiting trial in another state

When it is desired to have returned to this Commonwealth a person charged in this Commonwealth with a crime and such person is imprisoned or is held under criminal proceedings then pending against him in another state, the Governor may agree with the executive authority of such other state for the extradition of such person before the conclusion of such proceedings or his term of sentence in such other state, upon condition that such person be returned to such other state at the expense of this Commonwealth as soon as the prosecution in this Commonwealth is terminated.Code 1950, § 19.1-53; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-90 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-90. Extradition of persons who have left demanding state involuntarily

The Governor may also surrender on demand of the executive authority of any other state any person in this Commonwealth who is charged in the manner provided in §§ 19.2-109 to 19.2-111, with having violated the laws of the state whose executive authority is making the demand, even though such person left the demanding state involuntarily.Code 1950, § 19.1-54; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-91 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-91. Extradition of persons not in demanding state at time of commission of crime

The Governor may also surrender, on demand of the executive authority of any other state, any person in this Commonwealth charged in such other state in the manner provided in § 19.2-87 with committing an act in this Commonwealth, or in a third state, intentionally resulting in a crime in the state whose executive authority is making the demand. The provisions of this chapter not otherwise inconsistent shall apply to such cases, even though the accused was not in that state at the time of the commission of the crime, and has not fled therefrom.Code 1950, § 19.1-55; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-92 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-92. Issuance of Governor's warrant of arrest; its recitals

If the Governor decides that a demand for the extradition of a person, charged with, or convicted of, crime in another state should be complied with, he shall sign a warrant of arrest, which shall be sealed with the state seal, and be directed to the sheriff or sergeant of any county or city or to any peace officer or other person whom he may think fit to entrust with the execution thereof. The warrant must substantially recite the facts necessary to the validity of its issuance. Any electronically transmitted facsimile of a Governor's warrant shall be treated as an original document, provided the original is received within four working days of receipt of the facsimile.Code 1950, § 19.1-56; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2001, cc. 214, 226; 2011, c. 59.
VA Code § 19.2-93 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-93. Manner and place of execution of warrant

Such warrant shall authorize the officer or other person to whom it is directed to arrest the accused at any time and at any place where he may be found within the Commonwealth and to command the aid of all peace officers or other persons in the execution of the warrant and to deliver the accused, subject to the provisions of this chapter, to the duly authorized agent of the demanding state.Code 1950, § 19.1-57; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-94 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-94. Assistance to arresting officer

Every officer or other person empowered to make the arrest, as provided in the preceding section, shall have the same authority, in arresting the accused, to command assistance therein as the sheriffs and sergeants of the several counties and cities of this Commonwealth have by law in the execution of any criminal process directed to them, with like penalties against those who refuse to render their assistance.Code 1950, § 19.1-58; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-95 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-95. Rights of accused persons; application for writ of habeas corpus

No person arrested upon such warrant shall be delivered over to the agent whom the executive authority demanding him shall have appointed to receive him unless he shall first be taken forthwith before a judge of a circuit or general district court in the Commonwealth, who shall inform him of the demand made for his surrender and of the crime with which he is charged, and that he has the right to demand and procure legal counsel; and if the prisoner or his counsel shall state that he or they desire to test the legality of his arrest, the judge shall fix a reasonable time to be allowed him within which to apply for a writ of habeas corpus. When such writ is applied for, notice thereof and of the time and place of hearing thereon shall be given to the attorney for the Commonwealth of the county or city in which the arrest is made and in which the accused is in custody, and to the agent of the demanding state.Code 1950, § 19.1-59; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 19.2-96 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 8 - Extradition of Criminals|§ 19.2-96. Penalty for noncompliance with preceding section

Any officer who shall deliver to the agent for extradition of the demanding state a person in his custody under the Governor's warrant in willful disobedience to the last preceding section shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 19.1-60; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.