reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Code Civ Pro art. 372 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 372. Court reporter

A. The court reporter of a trial court, when directed by the court, shall report verbatim in shorthand by stenography or stenotype, or by voice recording or any other recognized manner when the equipment therefor has been approved by the court, the testimony of all witnesses, the other evidence introduced or offered, the objections thereto, and the rulings of the court thereon, on the trial of any appealable civil case or matter. B. When the court so directs, or the fees therefor have been paid or secured, or when an appeal has been granted in cases in which a party has been permitted to litigate without the payment of costs, he shall transcribe verbatim in a manner approved by the supreme court, all of his notes taken at the trial, or such portion thereof as is designated. He shall file one copy of the transcript in the trial court; shall deliver a copy thereof to each of the parties who has paid therefor; and, when an appeal has been granted, he shall furnish to the clerk of the trial court the number of copies of the transcript required by law. C. The court reporter shall retain all notes and tape recordings in civil cases for a period of not less than five years after the end of the trial. However, if the record of the trial is fully transcribed, the court reporter shall retain all notes and tape recordings which have been fully transcribed for a period of not less than two years after transcription is completed. The court reporter shall destroy any notes and tape recordings of any matter upon order of a court of competent jurisdiction. D. The notes and tape recordings of any civil case which are retained by a court reporter pursuant to the provisions of this Article shall be the property of the court in which the case was heard. The court reporter shall have the duty to retain and maintain all such notes and tape recordings pursuant to the provisions of this Article, although the notes and tape recordings shall remain the property of the court. E. He shall perform such other duties as are assigned to him by law or by the court. F. When a party to a proceeding requests a transcript and has paid for the transcript, the court reporter shall provide that party with an electronic copy of the transcript along with a paper copy of the transcript at no additional charge or cost to the requesting party. Acts 1986, No. 545, §1; Acts 2006, No. 820, §1, eff. July 5, 2006.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 373 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 373. Expert appointed by court

An expert appointed by a trial court to assist it in the adjudication of a case in which his special skill and knowledge may aid the court is an officer of the court from the time of his qualification until the rendition of final judgment in the case.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 374 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 374. Legal representative

A legal representative appointed or confirmed by a court is an officer of this court from the time of his qualification for the office until his discharge.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 375 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 375. Neglect, failure, or refusal of expert or legal representative to perform a legal duty when ordered to do so, subjects him to punishment for contempt of court

The neglect, failure, or refusal of an expert appointed by the court, or a legal representative appointed or confirmed by the court, to perform a legal duty when ordered to do so by the court, subjects him to punishment for contempt of the court.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 376 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 376. Limitation of immunity

Any immunity which may extend to an expert appointed by the court pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure Article 373 shall not extend to those acts of the expert which constitute perjury, as provided in R.S. 14:123. Acts 2001, No. 571, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 421 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 421. Civil action; commencement; amicable demand unnecessary

A civil action is a demand for the enforcement of a legal right. It is commenced by the filing of a pleading presenting the demand to a court of competent jurisdiction. Amicable demand is not a condition precedent to a civil action, unless specifically required by law.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 422 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 422. Personal, real, mixed actions

A personal action is one brought to enforce an obligation against the obligor, personally and independently of the property which he may own, claim, or possess. A real action is one brought to enforce rights in, to, or upon immovable property. A mixed action is one brought to enforce both rights in, to, or upon immovable property, and a related obligation against the owner, claimant, or possessor thereof.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 423 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 423. Implied right to enforce obligation; prematurity

An obligation implies a right to enforce it which may or may not accrue immediately upon the creation of the obligation. When the obligation allows a term for its performance, the right to enforce it does not accrue until the term has elapsed. If the obligation depends upon a suspensive condition, the right to enforce it does not accrue until the occurrence or performance of the condition. When an action is brought on an obligation before the right to enforce it has accrued, the action shall be dismissed as premature, but it may be brought again after this right has accrued.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 424 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 424. Cause of action as a defense

A person who has a right to enforce an obligation also has a right to use his cause of action as a defense. Except as otherwise provided herein, a prescribed obligation arising under Louisiana law may be used as a defense if it is incidental to, or connected with, the obligation sought to be enforced by the plaintiff. A prescribed cause of action arising under The Federal Consumer Credit Protection Act may not be used as a defense even if it is incidental to, or connected with, the obligation sought to be enforced by the plaintiff. However, in connection with the enforcement of a negotiable instrument the defense of redhibition may not be used if it has otherwise prescribed. Amended by Acts 1976, No. 710, §1; Acts 1977, No. 254, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 425 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 425. Preclusion by judgment

A. A party shall assert all causes of action arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation. B. Paragraph A of this Article shall not apply to an action for divorce under Civil Code Article 102 or 103, an action for determination of incidental matters under Civil Code Article 105, an action for contributions to a spouse's education or training under Civil Code Article 121, and an action for partition of community property and settlement of claims between spouses under R.S. 9:2801. Acts 1990, No. 521, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, No. 367, §2.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 426 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 426. Transmission of action and of right to enforce obligation

An action to enforce an obligation is the property of the obligee which on his death is transmitted with his estate to his heirs, universal legatees, or legatees under a universal title, except as otherwise provided by law. An action to enforce an obligation is transmitted to the obligee's legatee under a particular title only when it relates to the property disposed of under the particular title. These rules apply also to a right to enforce an obligation, when no action thereon was commenced prior to the obligee's death.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 427 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 427. Action against obligor's heirs or legatees

An action to enforce an obligation, if the obligor is dead, may be brought against the heirs, universal legatees, or general legatees, who have accepted his succession, except as otherwise provided by law. The liability of these heirs and legatees is determined by the provisions of the Civil Code. Acts 1997, No. 1421, §3, eff. July 1, 1999.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 428 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 428. No abatement on death of party

An action does not abate on the death of a party. The only exception to this rule is an action to enforce a right or obligation which is strictly personal.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 461 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 461. Cumulation of actions defined

Cumulation of actions is the joinder of separate actions in the same judicial demand, whether by a single plaintiff against a single defendant, or by one or more plaintiffs against one or more defendants.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 462 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 462. Cumulation by single plaintiff against single defendant

A plaintiff may cumulate against the same defendant two or more actions even though based on different grounds, if:  (1) Each of the actions cumulated is within the jurisdiction of the court and is brought in the proper venue; and  (2) All of the actions cumulated are mutually consistent and employ the same form of procedure. Except as otherwise provided in Article 3657, inconsistent or mutually exclusive actions may be cumulated in the same judicial demand if pleaded in the alternative.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 463 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 463. Cumulation, plural plaintiffs or defendants

Two or more parties may be joined in the same suit, either as plaintiffs or as defendants, if:  (1) There is a community of interest between the parties joined;  (2) Each of the actions cumulated is within the jurisdiction of the court and is brought in the proper venue; and  (3) All of the actions cumulated are mutually consistent and employ the same form of procedure. Except as otherwise provided in Article 3657, inconsistent or mutually exclusive actions may be cumulated in the same suit if pleaded in the alternative.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 464 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 464. Improper cumulation, effect

When the court lacks jurisdiction of, or when the venue is improper as to, one of the actions cumulated, that action shall be dismissed. When the cumulation is improper for any other reason, the court may: (1) order separate trials of the actions; or (2) order the plaintiff to elect which actions he shall proceed with, and to amend his petition so as to delete therefrom all allegations relating to the action which he elects to discontinue. The penalty for noncompliance with an order to amend is a dismissal of plaintiff's suit.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 465 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 465. Separate trials of cumulated actions

When the court is of the opinion that it would simplify the proceedings, would permit a more orderly disposition of the case, or would otherwise be in the interest of justice, at any time prior to trial, it may order a separate trial of cumulated actions, even if the cumulation is proper.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 531 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 531. Suits pending in Louisiana court or courts

When two or more suits are pending in a Louisiana court or courts on the same transaction or occurrence, between the same parties in the same capacities, the defendant may have all but the first suit dismissed by excepting thereto as provided in Article 925. When the defendant does not so except, the plaintiff may continue the prosecution of any of the suits, but the first final judgment rendered shall be conclusive of all. Acts 1990, No. 521, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1991.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 532 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 532. Motions to stay in suits pending in Louisiana and federal or foreign court

  When a suit is brought in a Louisiana court while another is pending in a court of another state or of the United States on the same transaction or occurrence, between the same parties in the same capacities, on motion of the defendant or on its own motion, the court may stay all proceedings in the second suit until the first has been discontinued or final judgment has been rendered.  Acts 1990, No. 521, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1991; Acts 2017, No. 419, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 562 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 562. Emergency suspension of abandonment

  A. Notwithstanding any other provisions of law to the contrary, in the event the governor declares a state of emergency or disaster pursuant to R.S. 29:721 through 772, the Supreme Court of Louisiana may enter an order or series of orders as deemed necessary and appropriate to suspend the period of abandonment for a period of time not to exceed ninety days. Thereafter, should the need for continuing suspension be necessary to preserve access to the courts, the governor may issue executive orders as deemed appropriate. The period of suspension authorized by the provisions of this Article shall terminate upon the earlier of an order of the Supreme Court of Louisiana or upon termination of the declared state of disaster or emergency. Nothing in this Article limits the authority of the governor or the legislature to act in accordance with its authority.  B. The right to file any pleading subject to the suspension as provided by Paragraph A of this Article shall terminate sixty days after the termination of the suspension as provided by Paragraph A of this Article.  Acts 2020, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 3, §2, eff. June 25, 2020.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 593 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 593. Venue

A. An action brought on behalf of a class shall be brought in a parish of proper venue as to the defendant. B. An action brought against a class shall be brought in a parish of proper venue as to any member of the class named as a defendant. Acts 1989, No. 117, §1; Acts 1997, No. 839, §1, eff. July 1, 1997.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 593.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 593.1. Class actions; lis pendens

A. When two or more actions requesting the certification of a class pursuant to Article 591 are filed in two or more Louisiana courts regarding the same transaction or occurrence at the same location, and such classes, if certified, would encompass one or more of the same plaintiffs suing in the same capacities against one or more of the same defendants in the same capacities, the defendant may, by excepting as provided in Article 925, have all such actions transferred to the district court where the transaction or occurrence occurred. B. When two or more actions requesting the certification of a class pursuant to Article 591 are filed in two or more Louisiana courts regarding multiple related transactions or occurrences in different locations and such classes, if certified, would encompass one or more of the same plaintiffs suing in the same capacities against one or more of the same defendants in the same capacities, the defendant may, by excepting as provided in Article 925, have all such actions transferred to the district court where the first suit was brought. Acts 2012, No. 713, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 593.2 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 593.2. Class actions; forum non conveniens

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 123, within thirty days of the certification of a class under Article 591 by a different Louisiana court regarding the same transaction or occurrence and encompassing one or more of the same plaintiffs suing in the same capacities against one or more of the same defendants in the same capacities, any court where a related putative class action is pending may, upon contradictory motion, in the interests of justice and for good cause shown, transfer the putative class action to the district where the related action has been certified. Acts 2012, No. 713, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 594 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 594. Dismissal or compromise

A.(1) An action previously certified as a class action shall not be dismissed or compromised without the approval of the court exercising jurisdiction over the action. (2) Notice of the proposed dismissal of an action previously certified as a class action shall be provided to all members of the class, together with the terms of any proposed compromise that the named parties have entered into. Notice shall be given in such manner as the court directs. B. After notice of the proposed compromise has been provided to the members of the class, the court shall order a hearing to determine whether the proposed compromise is fair, reasonable, and adequate for the class. At such hearing, all parties to the action, including members of the class, shall be permitted an opportunity to be heard. C. The court shall retain the authority to review and approve any amount paid as attorney fees pursuant to the compromise of a class action, notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary. D. Any agreement entered by the parties to a class action that provides for the payment of attorney fees is subject to judicial approval. E. If the terms of the proposed compromise provide for the adjudged creation of a settlement fund to be disbursed to and among members of the class in accordance with the terms thereof, the court having jurisdiction over the class action is empowered to approve the compromise settlement of the class action as a whole and issue a final judgment accordingly, following a finding that the compromise is fair, reasonable, and adequate for the class, and to order the distribution of the settlement fund accordingly, without the necessity of prior qualification of representatives of minors, interdicts, successions, or other incompetents or absentees, or prior approval of the terms of the settlement or the distribution thereof by another court; provided, that in such cases the court having jurisdiction over the class action shall include in the orders of settlement and distribution of the settlement fund appropriate provisions to ensure that all funds adjudicated to or for the benefit of such incompetents, successions, or absentees are placed in appropriate safekeeping pending the completion of appointment, qualification, and administrative procedures otherwise applicable in this Code to the interests and property of incompetents, successions, and absentees. Acts 1993, No. 39, §1, eff. May 18, 1993; Acts 1997, No. 839, §1, eff. July 1, 1997.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 595 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 595. Award of expenses of litigation; security for costs

A. The court may allow the representative parties their reasonable expenses of litigation, including attorney's fees, when as a result of the class action a fund is made available, or a recovery or compromise is had which is beneficial, to the class. B. The court, on contradictory motion at any stage of the proceeding in the trial court prior to judgment, may require the plaintiff in a class action to furnish security for the court costs which a defendant may be compelled to pay. This security for costs may be increased or decreased by the court, on contradictory motion of any interested party, on a showing that the security furnished has become inadequate or excessive.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 596 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 596. Prescription; suspension

A. Liberative prescription on the claims arising out of the transactions or occurrences described in a petition brought on behalf of a class is suspended on the filing of the petition as to all members of the class as defined or described therein. Prescription which has been suspended as provided herein, begins to run again: (1) As to any person electing to be excluded from the class, thirty days from the submission of that person's election form; (2) As to any person excluded from the class pursuant to Article 592, thirty days after mailing or other delivery or publication of a notice to such person that the class has been restricted or otherwise redefined so as to exclude him; or (3) As to all members, thirty days after mailing or other delivery or publication of a notice to the class that the action has been dismissed, that the demand for class relief has been stricken pursuant to Article 592, or that the court has denied a motion to certify the class or has vacated a previous order certifying the class. B. The time periods in Subparagraphs (A)(2) and (3) of this Article commence upon the expiration of the delay for taking an appeal if there is no appeal, or when an appeal becomes final and definitive. The notice required by Subparagraphs (A)(2) and (3) of this Article shall contain a statement of the delay periods provided herein. Acts 1997, No. 839, §1, eff. July 1, 1997; Acts 2010, No. 185, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 597 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 597. Effect of judgment

A definitive judgment on the merits rendered in a class action concludes all members of the class, whether joined in the action or not, if the members who were joined as parties fairly insured adequate representation of all members of the class.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 611 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 611. Derivative actions; prerequisites

A. When a corporation or unincorporated association refuses to enforce a right of the corporation or unincorporated association, a shareholder, partner, or member thereof may bring a derivative action to enforce the right on behalf of the corporation or unincorporated association. A derivative action may be maintained as a class action when the persons constituting the class are so numerous as to make it impracticable for all of them to join or be joined as parties. In the case of a derivative class action, Articles 594 and 595 shall apply. B. If a derivative action is a "derivative proceeding" as defined in the Business Corporation Act, the action is exempt from the provisions of this Chapter other than this Subsection, and is subject instead to the provisions of the Business Corporation Act concerning derivative proceedings. Acts 1997, No. 839, §1, eff. July 1, 1997; Acts 2014, No. 328, §4, eff. Jan. 1, 2015.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 612 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 612. Representation

One or more members of the class, who will fairly ensure the adequate representation of all members, may sue or be sued in a derivative class action on behalf of all members. Acts 1997, No. 839, §1, eff. July 1, 1997.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 613 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 613. Procedure

After commencement of a derivative action by or on behalf of parties alleged to be members of a class, the court, on its own motion, or on the motion of any party or on trial of any exception directed to such issue, shall determine whether the action may be properly maintained as a class action as a prerequisite to any further proceedings therein. If the court finds that the action should be maintained as a class action, it shall certify the action accordingly. If not, the court may permit amendment of the pleadings in the action to permit maintenance thereof as a proceeding on behalf of parties expressly named therein under Article 616. Acts 1997, No. 839, §1, eff. July 1, 1997.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 614 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 614. Venue

A derivative action of a shareholder, partner, or member to enforce a right of a corporation or unincorporated association shall be brought in the parish of proper venue as to the corporation or unincorporated association. Acts 1997, No. 839, §1, eff. July 1, 1997.