reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AK Stat § 09.25.060 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 1. Evidence and Presumptions.|Sec. 09.25.060. Fraud presumed from retention of possession.

Every sale or assignment of personal property unless accompanied by the immediate delivery and the actual and continued change of possession of the thing sold or assigned is presumed prima facie to be a fraud against the creditors of the vendor or assignor, and subsequent purchasers in good faith and for a valuable consideration during the time the property remains in the possession of the vendor or assignor, except that retention of possession in good faith and current course of trade by a merchant seller for a commercially reasonable time after a sale or identification is not fraudulent, and nothing contained in this section shall supersede the provisions of AS 45.01 - AS 45.08, AS 45.12, AS 45.14, and AS 45.29 (Uniform Commercial Code).
AK Stat § 09.25.070 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 1. Evidence and Presumptions.|Sec. 09.25.070. Evidence of publication.

Evidence of the publication of a document or notice required by law to be published in a newspaper may be given by the affidavit of the printer, foreman, or business manager of the newspaper, annexed to a copy of the document or notice, specifying the times when and the paper in which the publication was made.
AK Stat § 09.25.080 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 1. Evidence and Presumptions.|Sec. 09.25.080. Right to receipt upon payment or delivery.

A person who pays money or delivers an instrument or property is entitled to a receipt for it from the person to whom the payment or delivery is made, and may demand a proper signature to the receipt as a condition of the payment or delivery.
AK Stat § 09.25.090 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 1. Evidence and Presumptions.|Sec. 09.25.090. Objections to tender.

The person to whom a tender is made shall at the time specify any objection the person may have to the money, instrument, or property, or the person waives it. If the objection is to the amount of money, the terms of the instrument, or the amount or kind of property, the person shall specify the amount, terms, or kind that the person requires, or is precluded from objecting later. This section may not be construed to modify or change in any manner corresponding provisions of AS 45.01 - AS 45.08, AS 45.12, AS 45.14, and AS 45.29 (Uniform Commercial Code).
AK Stat § 09.25.095 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 1. Evidence and Presumptions.|Sec. 09.25.095. Effect of private seals and scrolls.

Private seals and scrolls as a substitute for seals are abolished. They are not required to an instrument, but when used their effect remains unchanged.
AK Stat § 09.25.300 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.300. Claiming of privilege by public official or reporter.

Except as provided in AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390, a public official or reporter may not be compelled to disclose the source of information procured or obtained while acting in the course of duties as a public official or reporter.
AK Stat § 09.25.310 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.310. Challenge of privilege before superior or supreme court.

(a) When a public official or reporter claims the privilege in a cause being heard before the supreme court or a superior court of this state, a person who has the right to question the public official or reporter in that proceeding, or the court on its own motion, may challenge the claim of privilege. The court shall make or cause to be made whatever inquiry the court thinks necessary to a determination of the issue. The inquiry may be made instanter by way of questions put to the witness claiming the privilege and a decision then rendered, or the court may require the presence of other witnesses or documentary showing or may order a special hearing for the determination of the issue of privilege. (b) The court may deny the privilege and may order the public official or the reporter to testify, imposing whatever limits upon the testimony and upon the right of cross-examination of the witness as may be in the public interest or in the interest of a fair trial, if it finds the withholding of the testimony would (1) result in a miscarriage of justice or the denial of a fair trial to those who challenge the privilege; or (2) be contrary to the public interest.
AK Stat § 09.25.320 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.320. Challenge of privilege before other bodies.

(a) This section is applicable to a hearing held under the laws of this state (1) before a court other than the supreme or a superior court; (2) before a court commissioner, referee, or other court appointee; (3) in the course of legislative proceedings or before a commission, agency, or committee created by the legislature; (4) before an agency or representative of an agency of the state, borough, city or other municipal corporation, or other body; or (5) before any other forum of this state. (b) If, in a hearing, a public official or a reporter should refuse to divulge the source of information, the agency body, person, official, or party seeking the information may apply to the superior court for an order divesting the official or reporter of the privilege. When the issue is raised before the supreme or a superior court, the application must be made to that court. (c) Application for an order shall be made by verified petition setting out the reasons why the disclosure is essential to the administration of justice, a fair trial in the instant proceeding, or the protection of the public interest. Upon application, the court shall determine the notice to be given to the public official or reporter and fix the time and place of hearing. The court shall make or cause to be made whatever inquiry the court thinks necessary, and make a determination of the issue as provided for in AS 09.25.310.
AK Stat § 09.25.330 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.330. Order subject to review.

An order of the superior court entered under AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390 shall be subject to review by the supreme court, by appeal or by certiorari, as the rules of that court may provide. During the pendency of the appeal, the privilege shall remain in full force and effect.
AK Stat § 09.25.340 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.340. Extent of privilege.

When a public official or reporter claims the privilege conferred by AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390 and the public official or reporter has not been divested of the privilege by order of the supreme or superior court, neither the public official or reporter nor the news organization with which the reporter was associated may thereafter be permitted to plead or prove the sources of information withheld, unless the informant consents in writing or in open court.
AK Stat § 09.25.350 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.350. Application of privilege in other courts.

AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390 also apply to proceedings held under the laws of the United States or any other state where the law of this state is being applied.
AK Stat § 09.25.360 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.360. AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390 do not abridge other privileges.

AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390 may not be construed to abridge any of the privileges recognized under the laws of this state, whether at common law or by statute.
AK Stat § 09.25.390 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 2. Privilege of Public Officials and Reporters.|Sec. 09.25.390. Definitions for AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390.

In AS 09.25.300 - 09.25.390, unless the context otherwise requires, (1) “news organization” means (A) an individual, partnership, corporation, or other association regularly engaged in the business of (i) publishing a newspaper or other periodical that reports news events, is issued at regular intervals, and has a general circulation; (ii) providing newsreels or other motion picture news for public showing; or (iii) broadcasting news to the public by wire, radio, television, or facsimile; (B) a press association or other association of individuals, partnerships, corporations, or other associations described in (A)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this paragraph engaged in gathering news and disseminating it to its members for publication; (2) “privilege” means the conditional privilege granted to public officials and reporters to refuse to testify as to a source of information; (3) “public official” means a person elected to a public office created by the Constitution or laws of this state, whether executive, legislative, or judicial, and who was holding that office at the time of the communication for which privilege is claimed; (4) “reporter” means a person regularly engaged in the business of collecting or writing news for publication, or presentation to the public, through a news organization; it includes persons who were reporters at the time of the communication, though not at the time of the claim of privilege.
AK Stat § 09.25.400 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 3. Other Privileges.|Sec. 09.25.400. Privilege relating to domestic violence and sexual assault counseling.

Confidential communications between a victim of domestic violence or sexual assault and a victim counselor are privileged under AS 18.66.200 - 18.66.250.
AK Stat § 09.25.455 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 4. Privileges and Immunities Related to Disclosure of Certain Self-Audits and Violations.|Sec. 09.25.455. Waiver and disclosure.

(a) The privilege in AS 09.25.450 does not apply to the extent the privilege is expressly waived in writing by the owner or operator who prepared the audit report or caused the report to be prepared. (b) Disclosure of the part of an audit report or information consisting of confidential self-evaluation or analysis does not waive the privilege established by AS 09.25.450 if the disclosure is made (1) to address or correct a matter raised by the environmental audit and is made to (A) a person employed by the owner or operator, including temporary and contract employees; (B) the owner's or operator's lawyer or the lawyer's representative; (C) an officer or director of the regulated facility, operation, or property; (D) a partner of the owner or operator; (E) an independent contractor retained by the owner or operator; or (F) the principal of the independent contractor who conducted an audit on the principal's behalf; (2) under the terms of a confidentiality agreement between the owner or operator who prepared the audit report or caused the audit report to be prepared and (A) a partner or potential partner of the owner or operator of the facility, operation, or property; (B) a transferee or potential transferee of an interest in the facility, operation, or property; (C) a lender or potential lender for the facility, operation, or property; (D) a person engaged in the business of insuring, underwriting, or indemnifying the facility, operation, or property; or (E) a person who, along with the person who prepared the audit report or caused the audit report to be prepared, also is an owner or operator of part or all of the facility, operation, or property; or (3) under a written claim of confidentiality to a government official or agency by the owner or operator who prepared the audit report or who caused the audit report to be prepared. (c) Documents consisting of confidential self-evaluation and analysis that are disclosed under (b)(3) of this section are required to be kept confidential and are not subject to disclosure under AS 40.25.110 - 40.25.220. (d) A party to a confidentiality agreement described in (b)(2) of this section who violates the agreement is liable for damages caused by the violation and for other penalties stipulated in the agreement.
AK Stat § 09.25.460 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 4. Privileges and Immunities Related to Disclosure of Certain Self-Audits and Violations.|Sec. 09.25.460. Nonprivileged materials.

(a) There is no privilege under AS 09.25.450 for that part of an audit report that contains the following: (1) a document, communication, datum, report, or other information required by a government agency to be collected, developed, maintained, or reported under an environmental law, under a permit issued under an environmental law, as a requirement for obtaining, maintaining, or renewing a license, as a requirement under a contract or lease with the state or a municipality, or as a requirement under an administrative order or court order or decree; (2) information that a government agency obtains by observation, sampling, or monitoring; (3) information that a government agency obtains from a source that was not involved in compiling, preparing, or conducting the environmental audit report; (4) a document, communication, datum, report, or other information collected, developed, or maintained in the course of a regularly conducted business activity or regular practice other than an environmental audit; (5) a document, communication, datum, report, or other information that is independent of the environmental audit, whether prepared or existing before, during, or after the audit; and (6) a document, communication, datum, report, or other information, including an agreement or order between a government agency and an owner or operator, regarding a compliance plan or strategy. (b) An audit report is not privileged and is admissible as evidence and subject to discovery and use in a proceeding relating to pipeline rates, tariffs, fares, or charges. The owner or operator who prepared the audit report or caused the report to be prepared is entitled to a protective order in a proceeding relating to pipeline rates, tariffs, fares, or charges to maintain the confidentiality of the audit from discovery, use, or admission in evidence in other types of proceedings. Discovery, use, or admission in evidence in a proceeding relating to pipeline rates, tariffs, fares, or charges is not considered to have waived the privilege for any other purpose.
AK Stat § 09.25.465 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 4. Privileges and Immunities Related to Disclosure of Certain Self-Audits and Violations.|Sec. 09.25.465. Exception: disclosure required by court.

(a) A court or administrative hearing officer with jurisdiction may require disclosure of confidential self-evaluation and analysis contained in an audit report in a civil or administrative proceeding if the court or administrative hearing officer determines, after an in camera review consistent with the appropriate rules of procedure, that the (1) privilege is asserted for a criminal or fraudulent purpose; (2) information for which the privilege is claimed is evidence of substantial injury, or the imminent or present threat of substantial injury, to one or more persons at the site audited or to persons, property, or the environment offsite or is evidence of the causes and circumstances leading to such injury or the imminent or present threat of such injury; (3) audit report shows evidence of noncompliance with an environmental law and appropriate efforts to achieve compliance with the law were not promptly initiated and pursued with reasonable diligence after discovery of noncompliance; (4) audit report was prepared for the purpose of avoiding disclosure of information required for an investigative, administrative, or judicial proceeding that, at the time of the report's preparation, was imminent or in progress; or (5) privilege would result in a miscarriage of justice or the denial of a fair trial to the party challenging the privilege. (b) A party seeking an in camera review as provided under (a) of this section shall provide to the court or administrative hearing officer a factual basis adequate to support a good faith belief by a reasonable person that the documents or communications for which disclosure is sought are likely to reveal evidence to establish that an exception in (a) of this section applies. (c) A party seeking disclosure of confidential self-evaluation and analysis during an in camera review under this section has the burden of proving that an exception in (a) of this section applies.
AK Stat § 09.25.480 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 4. Privileges and Immunities Related to Disclosure of Certain Self-Audits and Violations.|Sec. 09.25.480. Exceptions to immunity; mitigation.

(a) There is no immunity under AS 09.25.475 if a court or administrative hearing officer finds that (1) the owner or operator claiming the immunity has (A) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly committed or authorized the violation; (B) within the 36 months preceding the violation, committed, at the same facility or associated facilities located in the state, a pattern of violations that are the same as or closely related to the violation for which the immunity is sought; or (C) not attempted to bring the facility, operation, or property into compliance so as to constitute a pattern of disregard of environmental laws; (2) the violation was authorized or committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly by a member of the owner's or operator's management and the owner's or operator's policies contributed materially to the occurrence of the violation; or (3) the owner or operator, after taking into account the cost of completing corrective and remedial measures within a reasonable time and implementing appropriate measures to prevent recurrence of the violation, realized substantial economic savings in not complying with the requirement for which a violation is charged; the exception to immunity in this paragraph applies only to that portion of a penalty that reflects the economic savings of noncompliance after taking into account the cost of completing the corrective, remedial, and preventive measures necessary to qualify for immunity. (b) There is no immunity under AS 09.25.475 from an administrative or civil penalty for the violation of an administrative or court order or for violation of a term or condition of an administrative or court order. (c) An administrative or civil penalty that is imposed on an owner or operator for violation of an environmental law when the owner or operator has made a voluntary disclosure under AS 09.25.475(a) but is not granted immunity because of (a) of this section may, to the extent appropriate and not prohibited by law, be mitigated by (1) the good faith actions of the owner or operator in disclosing the violation; (2) efforts by the owner or operator to conduct environmental audits and to complete any resulting implementation plan or tracking system for corrective and preventive action; (3) remediation; (4) cooperation with government officials investigating the disclosed violation; (5) the nature of the violation; and (6) other relevant considerations.
AK Stat § 09.25.485 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 25. Evidence, Presumptions, and Privileges|Article 4. Privileges and Immunities Related to Disclosure of Certain Self-Audits and Violations.|Sec. 09.25.485. Relationship to other recognized privileges.

AS 09.25.450 - 09.25.490 do not limit, waive, or abrogate the scope or nature of a statutory or common law privilege, including the work product doctrine, the attorney-client privilege, and any other privilege recognized by a court with appropriate authority in this state.
AK Stat § 09.30.010 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 30. Judgments|Article 1. Judgments.|Sec. 09.30.010. Recording copy of judgment as lien.

A certified copy of the judgment or decree of a court of this state or a court of record of the United States upon which execution may issue, the enforcement of which has not been stayed, may be recorded with the recorder of a recording district. From the recording, the judgment or decree becomes a lien upon the real property of the defendant that is in the recording district, that is not exempt from execution, and that is owned by the defendant at the time or acquired by the defendant afterward but before the lien expires. The lien continues during the time execution may issue on the judgment or decree but for not more than 10 years from date of entry of the judgment or decree. After expiration of the lien, the court may grant leave for issuance of execution upon the judgment or decree. From the date of recording the judgment or decree, together with the order allowing issuance of execution, the judgment or decree becomes a lien in the manner provided in this section.
AK Stat § 09.30.020 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 30. Judgments|Article 1. Judgments.|Sec. 09.30.020. Priority of lien of judgment.

A conveyance of real property or interest in real property is void against a judgment lien that is recorded before the conveyance is recorded.
AK Stat § 09.30.030 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 30. Judgments|Article 1. Judgments.|Sec. 09.30.030. Judgment where summons not served on all defendants.

When an action is against two or more defendants jointly indebted upon a contract and the summons is served on one or more but not all of them and judgment is recovered, it may be entered against all the defendants jointly indebted only so far as it may be enforced against the joint property of all and the separate property of the defendants served and, if they are subject to arrest, against the persons of the defendants served.
AK Stat § 09.30.040 (2021)
2021 Alaska Statutes|Title 9. Code of Civil Procedure|Chapter 30. Judgments|Article 1. Judgments.|Sec. 09.30.040. Judgments against boroughs and cities.

Where judgment is against a borough, city, or other public corporation, no execution may issue on it but the judgment may be satisfied only as follows: (1) the party in whose favor the judgment is given may, at any time within 10 years of the date of the judgment, present a certified copy of the judgment to the officer of the borough, city, or other public corporation authorized to draw orders on its treasurer; (2) upon presentation, the officer shall draw an order on the treasurer for the amount of the judgment in favor of the party for whom the judgment was given; after that the order may be presented for payment and paid in the manner and with the effect of other orders upon the treasurer of a borough, city, or other public corporation.