reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 51-1-55 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 51-1-55. Firearm Instructor Liability

  As used in this Code section, the term:   "Dangerous weapon" shall have the same meaning as provided for under Code Section 16-11-121.   "Firearm" means any handgun, rifle, shotgun, or other weapon which will or can be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive or electrical charge and which is not a dangerous weapon.     Any instructor who lawfully instructs, educates, or trains a person in the safe, proper, or technical use of a firearm shall be immune from civil liability for any injuries caused by the failure of such person to use such firearm properly or lawfully.     (Code 1981, §51-1-55, enacted by Ga. L. 2017, p. 555, § 9/HB 292.)   Cross references.   - Right to bear arms, U.S. Const., amend 2.   Arms, right to keep and bear, Ga. Const. 1983, Art. I, Sec. I, Para. VIII.    Carrying and possession of firearms, § 16-11-125.1.   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2017, p. 555, § 1/HB 292, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: "The General Assembly finds that:   "(1) The ownership of firearms is a clear and explicit right protected by the United States Constitution and the Constitution of this state;   "(2) Access to financial services provides for the functioning of a firearms industry and, thus, the constitutionally protected right of firearm ownership; and   "(3) The provisions of this Act are intended to implement the constitutional protections provided for under the law."
GA Code § 51-1-56 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 51-1-56. Civil Recovery Available to Victims of Human Trafficking; Statute of Limitations; Relief Sought by Attorney General

  As used in this Code section, the term:   "Criminal action" means the investigation or prosecution of an offense that is pending final adjudication in a trial court.   "Perpetrator" means a person or entity that knowingly benefits, financially or by receiving anything of value, from participation in a venture or scheme which such person or entity knew or should have known involved a violation of Code Section 16-5-46.     An individual who is a victim of a violation of Code Section 16-5-46 shall have a cause of action against any perpetrator of said violation and may recover damages and reasonable attorney's fees.   Any action filed under subsection (b) of this Code section shall be stayed during the pendency of any criminal action arising out of the same occurrence in which the individual is the victim.   Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, an action may be brought under subsection (b) of this Code section within ten years after the:   Cause of action arose; or   Victim reaches 18 years of age, if the victim was a minor at the time of the alleged violation.     Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that an interest of the citizens of this state has been or is threatened or adversely affected by a perpetrator, the Attorney General shall have a cause of action against such perpetrator on behalf of the state to obtain appropriate relief.     (Code 1981, §51-1-56, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 99, § 1/SB 33.)
GA Code § 51-2-6 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 2 - Imputable Negligence|§ 51-2-6. Liability of Owner or Keeper of Dog for Damage Done to Livestock While Off His or Her Premises

 If any dog, while not on the premises of its owner or the person having charge of it, kills or injures any livestock, the owner or person having charge of the dog shall be liable for damages sustained by the killing or maiming of the livestock and for the full costs of action.   (Ga. L. 1865-66, p. 76, § 1; Code 1868, § 2914; Code 1873, § 2965; Code 1882, § 2965; Civil Code 1895, § 3822; Civil Code 1910, § 4418; Code 1933, § 105-111.)   Cross references.   - Liability of owner of dog which kills or injures livestock or poultry, § 4-8-4.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Owner is liable for certain acts of the owner's dog; thus, recognizing that the dog is property. Graham v. Smith, 100 Ga. 434, 28 S.E. 225, 62 Am. St. R. 323, 40 L.R.A. 503 (1897); Columbus R.R. v. Woolfolk, 128 Ga. 631, 58 S.E. 152, 119 Am. St. R. 404, 10 L.R.A. (n.s.) 1136 (1907).    Cited in Clinkscales v. Hammons, 159 Ga. App. 114, 282 S.E.2d 738 (1981); Mintz v. Frazier, 160 Ga. App. 668, 288 S.E.2d 24 (1981).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 4 Am. Jur. 2d, Animals, §§ 67, et seq., 75 et seq.   1D Am. Jur. Pleading and Practice Forms, Animals, § 118.   C.J.S.   - 3B C.J.S., Animals, § 354 et seq.   ALR.    - Validity, construction, and effect of statute eliminating scienter as condition of liability for injury by dog or other animal, 1 A.L.R. 1113; 142 A.L.R. 436.    Character and extent of claims for which lien on animal damage feasant attaches, 26 A.L.R. 1047.    Owner or keeper of trespassing dog as subject to injunction or damages, 107 A.L.R. 1323.   Contributory negligence, assumption of risk, or intentional provocation as defense to action for injury by dog, 66 A.L.R.2d 916.   Liability for injury inflicted by horse, dog, or other domestic animal exhibited at show, 80 A.L.R.2d 886.   Who "harbors" or "keeps" dog under animal liability statute, 64 A.L.R.4th 963.   Intentional provocation, contributory or comparative negligence, or assumption of risk as defense to action for injury by dog, 11 A.L.R.5th 127.
GA Code § 51-4-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 4 - Wrongful Death|§ 51-4-1. Definitions

 As used in this chapter, the term:    "Full value of the life of the decedent, as shown by the evidence" means the full value of the life of the decedent without deducting for any of the necessary or personal expenses of the decedent had he lived.   "Homicide" includes all cases in which the death of a human being results from a crime, from criminal or other negligence, or from property which has been defectively manufactured, whether or not as the result of negligence.    (Ga. L. 1887, p. 43, § 1; Civil Code 1895, § 3829; Civil Code 1910, § 4425; Ga. L. 1924, p. 60, § 2; Code 1933, §§ 105-1301, 105-1308; Ga. L. 1978, p. 2218, § 2.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Economic Evaluation of Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation," see 19 Ga. St. B. J. 60 (1982). For annual survey of law of torts, see 38 Mercer L. Rev. 351 (1986). For article, "Problems in Calculating and Awarding Compensatory Damages for Wrongful Death Under the Federal Tort Claims Act," see 36 Emory L.J. 149 (1987). For article, "The Discount Rate in Georgia Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Damage Calculations," see 13 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 431 (1997). For article, "Calculating Economic Damages in Georgia Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Cases," see 22 Ga. St. B. J. 18 (2017). For comment on Rogers v. Hime, 76 Ga. App. 523, 46 S.E.2d 367 (1948), see 11 Ga. B. J. 75 (1948). For comment on Complete Auto Transit Co. v. Floyd, 249 F.2d 396 (5th Cir. 1957), holding that a statute which, if applied, would subject the defendant to double recovery of medical and funeral expenses was unconstitutional as against that defendant because it deprives the defendant of its property without due process of law, see 21 Ga. B. J. 244 (1958).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Considerations   Homicide   Damages   Jury Instructions    RESEARCH REFERENCES   8 Am. Jur. Pleading and Practice Forms, Death, § 4.   ALR.   - Skier's liability for injuries to or death of another person, 75 A.L.R.5th 583.
GA Code § 51-4-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 4 - Wrongful Death|§ 51-4-3. Persons Entitled to Bring Action for Wrongful Death of Wife or Mother; Survival of Action; Service on and Intervention of Parties Not Joining; Effect of Final Judgment

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 1985, p. 1253, § 2, effective April 10, 1985.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Ga. L. 1887, p. 43, § 1; Civil Code 1895, § 3828; Civil Code 1910, § 4424; Ga. L. 1924, p. 60, § 1; Code 1933, § 105-1306; Ga. L. 1939, p. 233, § 1; Ga. L. 1960, p. 968, § 1; Ga. L. 1971, p. 359, § 1; Ga. L. 1981, Ex. Sess., p. 8.    Present provisions concerning persons entitled to bring an action for the wrongful death of a spouse or parent appear in § 51-4-2.
GA Code § 51-4-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 4 - Wrongful Death|§ 51-4-4. Wrongful Death of Child

 The right to recover for the homicide of a child shall be as provided in Code Section 19-7-1.   (Code 1933, § 105-1307, enacted by Ga. L. 1980, p. 1154, § 2.)   Law reviews.   - For survey article on wills, trusts, guardianships, and fiduciary administration, see 59 Mercer L. Rev. 447 (2007). For note, "Not Just For Kids: Why Georgia's Statutory Disinheritance of Deadbeat Parents Should Extend to Intestate Adults," see 43 Ga. L. Rev. 867 (2009).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration    RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Effect of death of beneficiary upon right of action under death statute, 13 A.L.R.4th 1060.   Recovery of damages for grief or mental anguish resulting from death of child - modern cases, 45 A.L.R.4th 234.   Excessive and adequacy of damages for personal injuries resulting in death of minor, 49 A.L.R.4th 1076.   Wrongful death: surviving parent's minority as tolling limitation period on suit for child's wrongful death, 54 A.L.R.4th 362.   Workers' compensation act as precluding tort action for injury to or death of employee's unborn child, 55 A.L.R.4th 792.   Excessiveness or adequacy of damages awarded for parents' noneconomic loss caused by personal injury or death of child, 61 A.L.R.4th 413.   Effect of death of beneficiary, following wrongful death, upon damages, 73 A.L.R.4th 441.   Recovery of damages for loss of consortium resulting from death of child - modern status, 77 A.L.R.4th 411.   Who, other than parent, may recover for loss of consortium on death of minor child, 84 A.L.R.5th 687.
GA Code § 51-4-6 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 4 - Wrongful Death|§ 51-4-6. Notification of Licensing Boards of Judgments Against Health Care Provider

  As used in this Code section, the term "health care provider" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Code Section 16-5-5.   Within ten days of a judgment, a health care provider against whom a judgment has been obtained under the provisions of this chapter shall notify in writing the applicable licensing board for his or her licensure, certification, registration, or other authorization to conduct such health care provider's occupation so that disciplinary action may be taken as determined necessary by the applicable board.     (Code 1981, §51-4-6, enacted by Ga. L. 2012, p. 637, § 3/HB 1114.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2012, p. 637, § 4/HB 1114, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act shall not apply to any offense committed before the effective date of this Act." This Act became effective May 1, 2012.   Law reviews.   - For article on the 2012 enactment of this Code section, see 29 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 278 (2012).
GA Code § 51-5-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 5 - Libel and Slander|§ 51-5-2. Newspaper Libel Defined; Publication Prerequisite to Recovery

  Any false and malicious defamation of another in any newspaper, magazine, or periodical, tending to injure the reputation of the person and expose him to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, shall constitute a newspaper libel.   The publication of the libelous matter is essential to recovery.    (Ga. L. 1893, p. 131, § 1; Civil Code 1895, § 3835; Civil Code 1910, § 4431; Code 1933, § 105-703.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "The Supreme Court on Privacy and the Press," see 12 Ga. L. Rev. 215 (1978). For annual survey of tort law, see 58 Mercer L. Rev. 385 (2006). For annual survey on law of torts, see 61 Mercer L. Rev. 335 (2009). For annual survey of law on torts, see 62 Mercer L. Rev. 317 (2010).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Construction of Words   Electronic Publication   Damages   Jury Issues    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 50 Am. Jur. 2d, Libel and Slander, §§ 223 et seq., 227 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 53 C.J.S., Libel and Slander, §§ 1 et seq., 149 et seq.   ALR.    - Libelous or privileged character of publication by newspaper based on matter received from news agency or regular correspondent, 86 A.L.R. 475.   Libel and slander: false news reports as to births, betrothals, marriages, divorces, or similar marital matters, 9 A.L.R.3d 559.   Actionability of false newspaper report that plaintiff has been arrested, 93 A.L.R.3d 625.   Libel by newspaper headlines, 95 A.L.R.3d 660.   Defamation: publication of "Letter to Editor" in newspaper as actionable, 99 A.L.R.3d 573.   Defamation: privilege attaching to news report of criminal activities based on information supplied by public safety officers - modern status, 47 A.L.R.4th 718.   Reportorial privilege as to nonconfidential news information, 60 A.L.R.5th 75.   Liability of newspaper for libel and slander - 21st century cases, 22 A.L.R.6th 553.
GA Code § 51-5-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 5 - Libel and Slander|§ 51-5-5. Inference of Malice; Rebuttal Thereof; Effect of Rebuttal

 In all actions for printed or spoken defamation, malice is inferred from the character of the charge. However, the existence of malice may be rebutted by proof. In all cases, such proof shall be considered in mitigation of damages. In cases of privileged communications, such proof shall bar a recovery.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2917; Code 1868, § 2924; Code 1873, § 2975; Code 1882, § 2975; Civil Code 1895, § 3833; Civil Code 1910, § 4429; Code 1933, § 105-706.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Defamation in Georgia Local Government Law: A Brief History," see 16 Ga. L. Rev. 627 (1982). For comment discussing admissibility of evidence of malice not previously pleaded, in light of Van Gundy v. Wilson, 84 Ga. App. 429, 66 S.E.2d 93 (1951), see 14 Ga. B. J. 358 (1952).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Cases Involving Public Figures    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 50 Am. Jur. 2d, Libel and Slander, §§ 4, 5, 9, 25, 27, 33 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 53 C.J.S., Libel and Slander, §§ 7, 83 et seq.   ALR.    - What constitutes variance between pleading and proof of defamatory words, 2 A.L.R. 367.    May actual malice which will defeat conditional privilege in libel or slander coexist with belief in truth of imputation, 18 A.L.R. 1160.    Presumption and burden of proof regarding mitigation of damages, 134 A.L.R. 242.   Sufficiency of plaintiff's allegations in defamation action as to defendant's malice, 76 A.L.R.2d 696.   Libel and slander: what constitutes actual malice, within federal constitutional rule requiring public officials and public figures to show actual malice, 20 A.L.R.3d 988.   Sufficiency of showing of malice or lack of reasonable care to support credit agency's liability for circulating inaccurate credit report, 40 A.L.R.3d 1049.   Who is "public official" for purposes of defamation action, 44 A.L.R.5th 193.   Criticism or disparagement of physician's character, competence, or conduct as defamation, 16 A.L.R.6th 1.   Defamation by television - actual malice, 42 A.L.R.6th 353.
GA Code § 51-5-12 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 5 - Libel and Slander|§ 51-5-12. Admissibility of Evidence in Defamation Action Concerning Correction and Retraction; Effect on Damages

  In any civil action for a defamatory statement which charges the visual or sound broadcast of an erroneous statement alleged to be defamatory, it shall be relevant and competent evidence for either party to prove that the plaintiff requested retraction or omitted to request retraction.   In any such action, the defendant may allege and give proof of the following matters, as applicable:     That the matter alleged to have been broadcast and to be defamatory was published without malice;   That the defendant, in a regular broadcast of the station over which the broadcast in question was made, within three days after receiving written demand, corrected and retracted the allegedly defamatory statement in as conspicuous and public a manner as that in which the alleged defamatory statement was broadcast; and   That, if the plaintiff so requested, the retraction and correction were accompanied, on the same day, by an editorial in which the allegedly defamatory statement was specifically repudiated; or     That no request for correction and retraction was made by the plaintiff.     Upon proof of the facts specified in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) of this Code section, the plaintiff shall not be entitled to any punitive damages and the defendant shall be liable only to pay actual damages. The defendant may plead the broadcast of the correction, retraction, or explanation, including the editorial, if demanded, in mitigation of damages.     (Code 1981, §51-5-12, enacted by Ga. L. 1989, p. 408, § 1.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1989, "conspicuous" was substituted for "conspicious" in subparagraph (b)(1)(B).   Law reviews.   - For note on 1989 enactment of this Code section, see 6 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 330 (1989).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Mathis v. Cannon, 276 Ga. 16, 573 S.E.2d 376 (2002).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 50 Am. Jur. 2d., Libel and Slander, §§ 319 et seq., 383, 456 et seq., 471 et seq.
GA Code § 51-6-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 6 - Fraud and Deceit|§ 51-6-3. Letters to Obtain Credit

 No action shall be sustained for deceit in a representation to obtain credit for another unless the misrepresentation is in writing and is signed by the party to be charged therewith.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2902; Code 1868, § 2908; Code 1873, § 2959; Code 1882, § 2959; Civil Code 1895, § 3815; Civil Code 1910, § 4411; Code 1933, § 105-303; Ga. L. 1992, p. 6, § 51.)   Cross references.   - Letters of credit generally, T. 11, Art. 5.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    This section is an affirmative defense under Georgia law  that must be set forth in a responsive pleading or be waived. Funding Sys. Leasing Corp. v. Pugh, 530 F.2d 91 (5th Cir. 1976).    Defendant need not derive any benefit from the fraud. Young v. Hall, 4 Ga. 95 (1848); Callaway v. Wynne, 27 Ga. App. 723, 109 S.E. 679 (1921).    Expression of opinion of the credit of another is not actionable. Wrenn & Sons v. Truitt, 116 Ga. 708, 43 S.E. 52 (1902).    This section does not apply to action against stock brokers who induced party to buy worthless stock in a corporation, by falsely stating the commercial standing of some of the directors who have personally guaranteed to repurchase the stock at the option of the plaintiff. Howard v. Allgood, 143 Ga. 550, 85 S.E. 757 (1915).    Cited in Smith v. Jewett, 10 Ga. App. 294, 73 S.E. 549 (1912); Gellis v. B.L.I. Constr. Co., 148 Ga. App. 527, 251 S.E.2d 800 (1978); Mr. Transmission, Inc. v. Thompson, 173 Ga. App. 773, 328 S.E.2d 397 (1985); Gorlin v. Halpern, 184 Ga. App. 10, 360 S.E.2d 729 (1987).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 37 Am. Jur. 2d, Fraud and Deceit, §§ 125 et seq., 184 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 37 C.J.S., Fraud, § 80 et seq.   ALR.    - May offense of obtaining money or property by false pretenses or confidence game be predicated on obtaining loan or renewal thereof, 24 A.L.R. 397; 52 A.L.R. 1167.    Liability of persons undertaking to supply credit or other commercial information for negligence or fraud of themselves or their agents, 102 A.L.R. 1070.   Misrepresentations as to financial condition or credit of third person as actionable by one extending credit in reliance thereon, 32 A.L.R.2d 184.   Construction of statute requiring representations as to credit, etc., of another to be in writing, 32 A.L.R.2d 743.   False statement as to existing encumbrance on chattel in obtaining loan or credit as criminal false pretense, 53 A.L.R.2d 1215.   Measure of damages recoverable for fraud as to the credit or financial condition of a third person, 72 A.L.R.2d 943.   Liability of bank, to other than party whose financial condition is misrepresented, for erroneous credit information furnished by bank or its directors, officers, or employees, 77 A.L.R.3d 6.
GA Code § 51-6-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 6 - Fraud and Deceit|§ 51-6-4. Fraud by Acts or Silence; Estoppel to Assert Title

  A fraud may be committed by acts as well as words.   One who silently stands by and permits another to purchase his property, without disclosing his title, is guilty of such a fraud as estops him from subsequently setting up such title against the purchaser.    (Orig. Code 1863, § 2908; Code 1868, § 2915; Code 1873, § 2966; Code 1882, § 2966; Civil Code 1895, § 3823; Civil Code 1910, § 4419; Code 1933, § 105-304.)   Law reviews.   - For comment on Cohen v. Pullman Co., 243 F.2d 725 (5th Cir. 1957), holding that an oral agreement to sell land which is unenforceable because of the statute of frauds cannot be the basis for recovery of damages in fraud and deceit as the purpose of the statute of frauds is to prevent persons from being liable for nonperformance of such claimed promises, see 20 Ga. B. J. 427 (1958).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Applicability to Specific Cases    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 37 Am. Jur. 2d, Fraud and Deceit, § 194 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 37 C.J.S., Fraud, § 28 et seq.   ALR.    - Failure to perform the duty to make disclosures which rests upon one because of trust or confidential relation as fraud for which equity, in an independent suit, will relieve against a judgment, 5 A.L.R. 672.    Fraudulent misrepresentation or concealment by a contracting party concerning title to property or other subjects which are matters of public record, 33 A.L.R. 853; 56 A.L.R. 1217.    Estoppel of one not a party to a transaction involving real property by failure to disclose his interest in the property, 50 A.L.R. 668.    Quantum of proof in civil case on issue involving fraudulent, dishonest, or criminal misappropriation of property, 62 A.L.R. 1449.    Permitting record title to real property to stand in another's name as estopping owner to avail himself of statute or rule requiring authority to contract regarding real estate to be in writing, 78 A.L.R. 588.    Public records as notice of facts starting running of statute of limitations against action based on fraud, 137 A.L.R. 268.    Duty of vendor of real property to disclose to purchaser condition of building thereon which affects health or safety of persons using same, 141 A.L.R. 967.   Liability of vendor of structure for failure to disclose that it was built on filled ground, 80 A.L.R.2d 1453.   Fraud predicated on vendor's misrepresentation or concealment of danger of possibility of flooding or other unfavorable water conditions, 90 A.L.R.3d 568.   Real estate broker's liability to purchaser for misrepresentation or nondisclosure of physical defects in property, 46 A.L.R.4th 546.
GA Code § 51-8-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 8 - Forcible Entry and Detainer|§ 51-8-1. Through 51-8-11

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 1983, p. 884, § 4-2, effective July 1, 1983.   Editor's notes.   - This chapter was based on Laws 1833, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 813; Ga. L. 1851-52, p. 261, § 1; Ga. L. 1853-54, p. 42, § 1; Orig. Code 1863, §§ 3988 - 3994; Ga. L. 1865-66, p. 35, § 1; Ga. L. 1865-66, p. 222, § 1; Code 1868, §§ 4014 - 4022; Code 1873, §§ 4085 - 4093; Ga. L. 1876, p. 98, § 1; Code 1882, §§ 4085 - 4093; Civil Code 1895, §§ 4823 - 4832; Ga. L. 1898, p. 88, § 1; Civil Code 1910, §§ 5395 - 5405; Code 1933, §§ 105-1601 - 105-1611; and Ga. L. 1981, Ex. Sess., p. 8.