reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 13-21-115.6 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-115.6. Immunity From Civil Liability for School Crossing Guards and Sponsors

  As used in this section:   “School crossing guard” means any person eighteen years of age and older acting with or without compensation who supervises, directs, monitors, or otherwise assists school children at a street or intersection.    “School crossing guard sponsor” means any governmental agency or subdivision, including but not limited to any county, city, city and county, town, or school district, and any individual, volunteer group, club, or nonprofit corporation that sponsors, organizes, or provides for school crossing guards.       Any school crossing guard and any school crossing guard sponsor shall be immune from civil liability for any act or omission that results in damage or injury if the school crossing guard was acting within the scope of such person's official functions and duties as a school crossing guard unless the damage or injury was caused by a willful and wanton act or omission of the school crossing guard.    Nothing in this section shall be construed to abrogate or limit the sovereign immunity granted to public entities pursuant to the “Colorado Governmental Immunity Act”, article 10 of title 24, C.R.S.     History. Source: L. 96: Entire section added, p. 1593, § 1, effective June 3.
CO Code § 13-21-115.7 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-115.7. Immunity From Civil Liability for Directors, Officers, or Trustees - Nonprofit Corporations or Nonprofit Organizations

  As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:   “Nonprofit corporation” means any corporation which is exempt from taxation pursuant to section 501(a) of the federal “Internal Revenue Code of 1986”, 26 U.S.C. sec. 501(a), as amended, and listed as an exempt organization in section 501(c)(2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (11), or (19) of the federal “Internal Revenue Code of 1986”, 26 U.S.C. sec. 501(c), as amended. The term includes a not-for-profit corporation. The term includes a public hospital certified pursuant to section 25-1.5-103 (1)(a), C.R.S.    “Nonprofit organization” means any organization which is exempt from taxation pursuant to section 501(a) of the federal “Internal Revenue Code of 1986”, 26 U.S.C. sec. 501(a), as amended, and listed as an exempt organization in section 501(c)(2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (11), or (19) of the federal “Internal Revenue Code of 1986”, 26 U.S.C. sec. 501(c), as amended.       In addition to the provisions of section 13-21-116 (2)(b), on and after April 23, 1992, any person who serves as a director, officer, or trustee of a nonprofit corporation or nonprofit organization and who is not compensated for serving as a director, officer, or trustee on a salary or prorated equivalent basis shall be immune from civil liability for any act or omission which results in damage or injury if such person was acting within the scope of such person's official functions and duties as a director, officer, or trustee unless such damage or injury was caused by the willful and wanton act or omission of such director, officer, or trustee.    Nothing in this section shall be construed to establish, diminish, or abrogate any duties that a director, officer, or trustee of a nonprofit corporation or nonprofit organization has to the nonprofit corporation or nonprofit organization for which the director, officer, or trustee serves.    For purposes of this section, a director, officer, or trustee shall not be considered compensated solely by reason of:   The payment of such person's actual expenses incurred in attending meetings or in executing such office;    The receipt of meals at meetings; or    The receipt of gifts up to but not exceeding a total value of one thousand dollars in any twelve consecutive months.       The individual immunity granted by subsection (2) of this section shall not extend to any act or omission of such director, officer, or trustee which results in damage or injury caused by such director, officer, or trustee during the operation of any motor vehicle, airplane, or boat.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire section added, p. 296, § 2, effective April 23. L. 2003: (1)(a) amended, p. 703, § 21, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-21-117.7 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-117.7. Civil Actions Against Family Foster Care Providers - Limited Liability

  A foster care provider shall be immune from civil liability for any acts or omissions committed by a foster child in his or her care, unless a court of competent jurisdiction determines that acts or omissions on the part of the foster care provider were negligent and that such foster care provider's acts or omissions were a cause of injuries, damages, or losses.    If a plaintiff in a civil liability action described in subsection (1) of this section is a biological or adoptive parent or other relative of the foster child and such plaintiff is successful against the foster care provider for any actions or omissions regarding foster care, any monetary compensation received by the plaintiff as a result of the civil action shall be deposited in a trust account at a federally licensed and insured financial institution to be held in trust for the benefit of the foster care child. The amount so deposited shall be subject to the jurisdiction and oversight of the court having probate jurisdiction.    For purposes of this section, “foster care provider” means a foster care parent or a family member living in a foster care home who provides care to one or more foster children in that home.     History. Source: L. 2000: Entire section added, p. 1403, § 1, effective May 30.
CO Code § 13-21-118 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-118. Actions Based on Flight in Aircraft

 No cause of action at law or in equity based upon flight in aircraft over lands or waters of this state shall be maintained unless other than nominal damages result therefrom or unless irreparable damage will probably result therefrom.   History. Source: L. 88: Entire section added, p. 1094, § 12, effective January 1, 1989.
CO Code § 13-21-122 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-122. Civil Liability for Unlawful Use of Personal Identifying Information

  Notwithstanding any other remedies provided under this article, a person who suffers damages as a result of a crime described in article 5 of title 18, C.R.S., in which personal identifying information was used in the commission of the crime, shall have a private civil right of action against the perpetrator who committed the crime, regardless of whether the perpetrator was convicted of the crime. In such action, the plaintiff shall be entitled to actual damages, including, but not limited to damage to reputation or credit rating, punitive damages, and attorney fees and costs.    For purposes of this section, “personal identifying information” means any information that may be used, alone or in conjunction with any other information, to identify a specific individual, including but not limited to: Name; date of birth; social security number; personal identification number; password; pass code; official state-issued or government-issued driver's license or identification card number; government passport number; biometric data; employer, student, or military identification number; or financial transaction device as defined in section 18-5-701 (3), C.R.S.     History. Source: L. 2004: Entire section added, p. 658, § 2, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-21-122.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-122.5. Civil Liability for Trading in Telephone Records

  In addition to any other remedies provided under this article, a person who suffers damages as a result of a violation of section 18-13-125, C.R.S., shall have a private civil right of action against the perpetrator who committed the crime, regardless of whether the perpetrator was convicted of the crime. In such action, the plaintiff shall be entitled to actual damages, including, but not limited to, damage to reputation or credit rating, punitive damages, and attorney fees and costs. If such damages are less than five thousand dollars per telephone record, the plaintiff shall be entitled to statutory damages of five thousand dollars per telephone record procured, bought, sold, possessed, or received in violation of section 18-13-125, C.R.S.    No telecommunications provider shall be liable for damages in a claim based, in whole or in part, on acts of third parties that violate section 18-13-125, C.R.S.    This section shall not be construed to create a new duty or expand the existing duty of a telecommunications provider to protect telephone records beyond those otherwise established by Colorado law, any other state law, or federal law, including, without limitation, the rules promulgated by the federal communications commission.    This section shall not apply to a telecommunications provider or its agents or representatives who reasonably and in good faith act pursuant to Colorado law, any other state law, or federal law, including, without limitation, the rules promulgated by the federal communications commission, notwithstanding a later determination that the act was not authorized by such law.     History. Source: L. 2006: Entire section added, p. 586, § 2, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-21-125 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-125. Civil Actions for Theft in the Mortgage Lending Process

 A person who suffers damages as a result of a violation of section 18-4-401 , C.R.S., in the mortgage lending process, as defined by section 18-4-401 (9)(e)(I), C.R.S., shall have a private civil right of action against the perpetrator, regardless of whether the perpetrator was convicted of the crime. A claim arising under this section shall not be asserted against a bona fide purchaser of a mortgage contract.   History. Source: L. 2006: Entire section added, p. 1328, § 3, effective July 1.    Cross references:   For the legislative declaration contained in the 2006 act enacting this section, see section 1 of chapter 290, Session Laws of Colorado 2006.
CO Code § 13-21-127 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-127. Civil Damages for Human Trafficking and Involuntary Servitude

  In addition to all other remedies, a victim, as defined in section 18-3-502 (12), C.R.S., is entitled to recover damages proximately caused by any person who commits human trafficking for involuntary servitude, as described in section 18-3-503, C.R.S., or human trafficking for sexual servitude, as described in section 18-3-504, C.R.S.    A conviction for human trafficking for involuntary servitude, as described in section 18-3-503, C.R.S., or human trafficking for sexual servitude, as described in section 18-3-504, C.R.S., is not a condition precedent to maintaining a civil action pursuant to the provisions of this section.     History. Source: L. 2012: Entire section added,(HB 12-1151), ch. 174, p. 621, § 2, effective August 8. L. 2014: Entire section amended,(HB 14-1273), ch. 282, p. 1152, § 7, effective July 1.
CO Code § 13-21-130 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-130. Civil Liability for False Statement to Recover Possession of Real Property

 In addition to any other remedies, a person removed from a residential premises pursuant to section 13-40.1-101 on the basis of false statements made by a declarant has a private cause of action against the declarant. In the action, the plaintiff is entitled to actual damages, attorney fees, and costs.   History. Source: L. 2018: Entire section added,(SB 18-015), ch. 393, p. 2350, § 3, effective July 1.    Cross references:   For the short title “Protecting Homeowners and Deployed Military Personnel Act” in SB 18-015, see section 1 of chapter 393, Session Laws of Colorado 2018.
CO Code § 13-21-132 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 13-21-132. Civil Liability for Misuse of Gametes - Definitions

  As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:   “Assisted reproduction” means a method of causing pregnancy through means other than by sexual intercourse. “Assisted reproduction” includes, but is not limited to:   Intrauterine or intracervical insemination;    Donation of eggs or sperm;    Donation of embryos;    In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer; and    Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.       “Donor” means an individual who expressly provides consent to provide donated eggs, sperm, or embryos for a patient for assisted reproduction.    “Gametes” means one or more cells containing a haploid complement of DNA that has the potential to form an embryo when combined with another gamete. Sperm and eggs are gametes. A gamete may consist of nuclear DNA from one human being combined with the cytoplasm, including cytoplasmic DNA, of another human being.    “Health care provider” means any individual who is authorized to practice some component of the healing arts by license, certificate, or registration pursuant to title 12.       Any of the following may bring an action against a health care provider who, in the course of performing or assisting an assisted reproduction procedure on a patient, knowingly uses gametes from a donor that the patient did not expressly consent to the use of that donor's gametes:   A patient who gives birth to a child after being treated through assisted reproduction by the health care provider;    A spouse or partner of a patient described in subsection (2)(a) of this section;    A surviving spouse or partner of a patient described in subsection (2)(a) of this section; or    A child born as a result of the actions of the health care provider.       A plaintiff who prevails in an action pursuant to this section is entitled to reasonable attorney fees and either:   All damages reasonably necessary to compensate the plaintiff for any injuries suffered as a result of the health care provider's actions, including but not limited to emotional or mental distress; or    Liquidated damages of fifty thousand dollars.       A person who brings an action pursuant to subsection (2) of this section has a separate cause of action for each child born as the result of the assisted reproduction procedure.    Nothing in this section prohibits a person from pursuing any other remedy provided by law.     History. Source: L. 2020: Entire section added,(HB 20-1014), ch. 238, p. 1153, § 1, effective September 14.
CO Code § 13-21-203.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 2 - Damages for Death by Negligence|§ 13-21-203.5. Alternative Means of Establishing Damages - Solatium Amount

 In a case arising under section 13-21-202 , the persons entitled to sue under section 13-21-201 (1) may elect in writing to sue for and recover a solatium in the amount of fifty thousand dollars. The solatium amount is in addition to economic damages and to reasonable final disposition expenses, which expenses may also be recovered in an action under this section. The solatium amount is in lieu of noneconomic damages recoverable under section 13-21-203 and is awarded upon a finding or admission of the defendant's liability for the wrongful death.   History. Source: L. 89: Entire section added, p. 753, § 3, effective July 1. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-006), ch. 123, p. 492, § 11, effective September 7.    Editor's note:   Section 31(2) of chapter 123 (SB 21-006), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to final dispositions of human remains or human fetuses made on or after September 7, 2021.   ANNOTATION   Procedural due process is not denied by solatium statute since it requires a full civil trial to determine liability thereby providing defendants a substantial opportunity to be heard. Dewey v. Hardy, 917 P.2d 305 (Colo. App. 1995).   Amount of $50,000 set by solatium statute for death of a human being is not so grossly excessive and severe as to be disproportionate to the offense and obviously unreasonable in violation of the due process clause. Dewey v. Hardy, 917 P.2d 305 (Colo. App. 1995).   The solatium award of $50,000 is exempt from reduction by operation of the comparative fault statute. Dewey v. Hardy, 917 P.2d 305 (Colo. App. 1995).   And it is not subject to reduction by operation of the pro-rata liability statute. To the extent that the comparative fault statute and the pro-rata liability statute conflict with this section by compelling a reduction of the solatium amount recoverable by a wrongful death plaintiff, this section prevails. B.G.'s Inc. v. Gross, 23 P.3d 691 (Colo. 2001).   Nor is the $50,000 solatium award subject to reduction by a co-defendant's settlement where the settlement did not designate the nature of the damages for which payment was made. To permit such a settlement to reduce the solatium award would run contrary to the rationale that the solatium award is intended as an ultimate award not subject to further reduction regardless of the fault of other tortfeasors. Smith v. Vincent, 77 P.3d 927 (Colo. App. 2003).   With limited exceptions, this section generally does not require co-defendants to share equitably in the responsibility to pay the solatium award. Smith v. Vincent, 77 P.3d 927 (Colo. App. 2003).   Trial court did not err in awarding costs to plaintiff pursuing a wrongful death action under this section and denying defendant's costs. Dewey v. Hardy, 917 P.2d 305 (Colo. App. 1995).
CO Code § 13-21-203.7 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 2 - Damages for Death by Negligence|§ 13-21-203.7. Adjustments of Dollar Limitations for Effects of Inflation

  The limitations on noneconomic damages set forth in section 13-21-203 (1)(a) and the amount of the solatium set forth in section 13-21-203.5 must be adjusted for inflation as of January 1, 1998, January 1, 2008, January 1, 2020, and each January 1 every two years thereafter. The adjustments made on January 1, 1998, January 1, 2008, January 1, 2020, and each January 1 every two years thereafter must be based on the cumulative annual adjustment for inflation for each year since the effective date of the damages limitations in sections 13-21-203 (1)(a) and 13-21-203.5. The adjustments made pursuant to this subsection (1) must be rounded upward or downward to the nearest ten-dollar increment.    As used in this section, “inflation” means the annual percentage change in the United States department of labor, bureau of labor statistics, consumer price index for Denver-Boulder, all items, all urban consumers, or its successor index.    The secretary of state shall certify the adjusted limitation on damages within fourteen days after the appropriate information is available, and:   The adjusted limitation on damages is applicable to all claims for relief that accrue on or after January 1, 1998, and before January 1, 2008;    The adjusted limitation on damages as of January 1, 2008, is applicable to all claims for relief that accrue on and after January 1, 2008, and before January 1, 2020; and    The adjusted limitation on damages as of January 1, 2020, and each January 1 every two years thereafter is applicable to all claims for relief that accrue on and after the specified January 1 and before the January 1 two years thereafter.        History. Source: L. 97: Entire section added, p. 923, § 5, effective August 6. L. 2007: (1) and (3) amended, p. 330, § 4, effective July 1. L. 2019: (1) and (3) amended,(SB 19-109), ch. 83, p. 296, § 3, effective August 2.
CO Code § 13-21-402.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 4 - Product Liability Actions - General Provisions|§ 13-21-402.5. Product Misuse

 A product liability action may not be commenced or maintained against a manufacturer or seller of a product that caused injury, death, or property damage if, at the time the injury, death, or property damage occurred, the product was used in a manner or for a purpose other than that which was intended and which could not reasonably have been expected, and such misuse of the product was a cause of the injury, death, or property damage.   History. Source: L. 2003: Entire section added, p. 1289, § 2, effective September 1.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “New Statutes Change Civil Litigation in Colorado”, see 33 Colo. Law. 65 (May 2004).
CO Code § 13-21-404 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 21 - Damages|Part 4 - Product Liability Actions - General Provisions|§ 13-21-404. Inadmissible Evidence

 In any product liability action, evidence of any scientific advancements in technical or other knowledge or techniques, or in design theory or philosophy, or in manufacturing or testing knowledge, techniques, or processes, or in labeling, warnings of risks or hazards, or instructions for the use of such product, where such advancements were discovered subsequent to the time the product in issue was sold by the manufacturer, shall not be admissible for any purpose other than to show a duty to warn.   History. Source: L. 77: Entire part added, p. 821, § 2, effective July 1.    ANNOTATION   Duty to warn. After a product involving human safety has been sold and dangerous defects in design have come to the manufacturer's attention, the manufacturer has a duty either to remedy such defects, or if a complete remedy is not feasible, to give users adequate warnings and instructions concerning methods for minimizing danger. Downing v. Overhead Door Corp., 707 P.2d 1027 (Colo. App. 1985).   Evidence of preaccident warning. Evidence that the defendant prepared and distributed warnings regarding the product prior to the accident is admissible to show that the defendant had breached its duty to warn, as such evidence is probative of defendant's preaccident knowledge of the danger inherent in the product, and the feasibility of giving a warning to make the product less dangerous. Downing v. Overhead Door Corp., 707 P.2d 1027 (Colo. App. 1985).   Evidence of postaccident design change admissible. Since a postaccident design change may bear directly on the issue of feasible alternatives to the defective design, evidence of such a change may be admitted. Roberts v. May, 41 Colo. App. 82, 583 P.2d 305 (1978) (cause of action arose before effective date of section).   Limitation on evidence of subsequent remedial measures applicable in diversity-based action and controls the application of Fed. Rule of Evid. 407 but not in this case since cause of action arose before effective date of section. Moe v. Avions Marcel Dassault-Breguet Aviation, 727 F.2d 917 (1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 853, 105 S. Ct. 176, 83 L. Ed. 2d 110 (1984).   Evidence of alternative concepts implemented later that were known as possible at time of manufacture is admissible under this section. Meller v. Heil Co., 745 F.2d 1297 (10th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1206, 104 S. Ct. 2390, 81 L. Ed. 2d 347 (1984).   Scientific advancements construed as new discoveries after original construction. Meller v. Heil Co., 745 F.2d 1297 (10th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1206, 104 S. Ct. 2390, 81 L. Ed. 2d 347 (1984).   For court's refusal to apply this section to new warning label, see Uptain v. Huntington Lab, Inc., 723 P.2d 1322 (Colo. 1986).