reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
IA Code § 579B.3 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 579B - COMMODITY PRODUCTION CONTRACT LIEN|Section 579B.3 - Establishment of lien.

579B.3 Establishment of lien.   1. A commodity production contract lien is created. The lien is an agricultural lien as provided in section 554.9302.   2. A contract producer who is a party to a production contract executed pursuant to section 579B.2 shall have a lien as provided in this section. The contract producer is a secured party and the contractor is a debtor for purposes of chapter 554, article 9. The amount of the lien shall be the amount owed to the contract producer pursuant to the terms of the production contract, which may be enforced as provided in section 579B.5.   3. If the production contract is for the production of livestock or raw milk, all of the following shall apply:   a. For livestock, the lien shall apply to all of the following:   (1) If the livestock is not sold or slaughtered by the contractor, the lien shall be on the livestock.   (2) If the livestock is sold by the contractor, the lien shall be on cash proceeds from the sale. For purposes of this paragraph, cash held by the contractor shall be deemed to be cash proceeds from the sale regardless of whether it is identifiable cash proceeds.   (3) If the livestock is slaughtered by the contractor, the lien shall be on any property of the contractor that may be subject to a security interest as provided in section 554.9109.   b. For raw milk, the lien shall apply to all of the following:   (1) If the raw milk is not sold or processed by the contractor, the lien shall be on the raw milk.   (2) If the raw milk is sold by the contractor, the lien shall be on cash proceeds from the sale. For purposes of this paragraph, cash held by the contractor shall be deemed to be cash proceeds from the sale regardless of whether it is identifiable cash proceeds.   (3) If the raw milk is processed by the contractor, the lien shall be on any property of the contractor that may be subject to a security interest as provided in section 554.9109.   4. If the production contract is for the production of crops, all of the following shall apply:   a. If the crop is not sold or processed by the contractor, the lien shall be on the crop.   b. If the crop is sold by the contractor, the lien shall be on cash proceeds from the sale. For purposes of this paragraph, cash held by the contractor shall be deemed to be cash proceeds from the sale regardless of whether it is identifiable cash proceeds.   c. If the crop is processed by the contractor, the lien shall be on any property of the contractor that may be subject to a security interest as provided in section 554.9109.  99 Acts, ch 169, §16, 22, 24; 2000 Acts, ch 1149, §181 – 183, 187; 2001 Acts, ch 25, §8 – 10; 2002 Acts, ch 1119, §95  Referred to in §579B.1, 579B.2, 579B.5
IA Code § 579B.5 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 579B - COMMODITY PRODUCTION CONTRACT LIEN|Section 579B.5 - Enforcement.

579B.5 Enforcement.   Before a commodity leaves the authority of the contract producer as provided in section 579B.3, the contract producer may enforce a lien created in that section in the manner provided for the enforcement of an agricultural lien as provided in chapter 554, article 9, part 6. After the commodity is no longer under the authority of the contract producer, the contract producer may enforce the lien in the manner provided in chapter 554, article 9, part 6.  99 Acts, ch 169, §18, 22, 24; 2000 Acts, ch 1149, §184, 187  Referred to in §579B.3
IA Code § 579B.6 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 579B - COMMODITY PRODUCTION CONTRACT LIEN|Section 579B.6 - Waivers unenforceable.

579B.6 Waivers unenforceable.   A waiver of a right created by this chapter, including but not limited to a waiver of the right to file a lien pursuant to this chapter, is void and unenforceable. This section does not affect other provisions of a contract, including a production contract or a related document, policy, or agreement which can be given effect without the voided provision.  99 Acts, ch 169, §19, 22, 24
IA Code § 579B.7 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 579B - COMMODITY PRODUCTION CONTRACT LIEN|Section 579B.7 - Alternate lien procedure.

579B.7 Alternate lien procedure.   A person who is a custom cattle feedlot operator as defined in section 579A.1 may file and enforce a lien as a contract producer under this chapter or chapter 579A, but not both.  99 Acts, ch 169, §20, 22, 24
IA Code § 580.1 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.1 - Nature of lien — forfeiture.

580.1 Nature of lien — forfeiture.   Except as provided in chapter 579A, the owner or keeper of any stallion, bull or jack kept for public service, or any person, firm, or association which invokes pregnancy of animals for the public by means of artificial insemination shall have a prior lien on the progeny of such stallion, bull, artificial insemination or jack, to secure the amount due such owner, artificial inseminator or keeper for the service resulting in such progeny, but no such lien shall obtain where the owner or keeper misrepresents the animal by a false or spurious pedigree, or fails to substantially comply with the laws of Iowa relating to such animals.  [S13, §2341-s; C24, 27, 31, §2967; C35, §10347-a1; C39, §10347.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.1]  95 Acts, ch 59, §5
IA Code § 580.2 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.2 - Period of lien — sale or removal.

580.2 Period of lien — sale or removal.   The lien herein provided for shall attach at the birth of such progeny and shall remain in force on such progeny for one year and shall not be lost by reason of any sale, exchange, or removal from the county of the animals subject to such lien.  [S13, §2341-t; C24, 27, 31, §2968; C35, §10347-a2; C39, §10347.02; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.2]
IA Code § 580.3 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.3 - Sale or removal prohibited — penalty.

580.3 Sale or removal prohibited — penalty.   It shall be unlawful to sell, exchange, or remove permanently from the county any animal subject to the lien herein provided for, without the written consent of the holder of such lien, and any person violating this provision, shall be guilty of a simple misdemeanor.  [C24, 27, 31, §2969; C35, §10347-a3; C39, §10347.03; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.3]
IA Code § 580.4 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.4 - Affidavit of foreclosure.

580.4 Affidavit of foreclosure.   Liens may be enforced by the holder filing with the sheriff of the county in which the progeny is kept, an affidavit which shall, in addition to a demand for foreclosure, contain:   1. A description of the stallion, bull or jack, when used and of the dam and its progeny.   2. The time and terms of said service.   3. A statement of the amount due for said service.  [S13, §2341-u; C24, 27, 31, §2970; C35, §10347-a4; C39, §10347.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.4]
IA Code § 580.5 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.5 - Possession and notice.

580.5 Possession and notice.   The sheriff shall, under said affidavit, take immediate possession of said progeny, and give written notice of the sale thereof, which notice shall contain:   1. A copy of the said affidavit.   2. The date and hour when, and the particular place at which, said property will be sold.  [S13, §2341-u; C24, 27, 31, §2971; C35, §10347-a5; C39, §10347.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.5]
IA Code § 580.6 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.6 - Service of notice.

580.6 Service of notice.   Said notice shall be served as follows:   1. By posting a duplicate copy for ten days prior to the day of sale in three public places in the township in which the sale is to take place, and   2. If the owner of the progeny resides in the said county, by also serving a duplicate copy on the owner in the manner in which original notices are served, at least ten days prior to the day of sale.  [S13, §2341-u; C24, 27, 31, §2972; C35, §10347-a6; C39, §10347.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.6]  Manner of service,  R.C.P. 1.302 – 1.315
IA Code § 580.7 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.7 - Joinder of liens.

580.7 Joinder of liens.   A foreclosure may embrace liens on more than one progeny of the same stallion, bull, inseminator or jack when all of said progenies are owned by the same person. In such case there shall be separate sales until an amount is realized sufficient to pay all liens and costs.  [C24, 27, 31, §2973; C35, §10347-a7; C39, §10347.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.7]
IA Code § 580.8 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.8 - Sale — application of proceeds.

580.8 Sale — application of proceeds.   If payment of the service fee, and costs, be not made prior to the time of sale, as fixed in such notice, the sheriff may sell property so held by the sheriff, or so much thereof as may be necessary, at public auction to the highest bidder, and the proceeds shall be applied, first, to the payment of the costs, and second, in payment of amount due for service fee. Any surplus arising from such sale shall be forthwith paid to the owner of the property sold.  [S13, §2341-u; C24, 27, 31, §2974; C35, §10347-a8; C39, §10347.08; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.8]
IA Code § 580.9 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 580 - LIEN FOR SERVICES OF ANIMALS|Section 580.9 - Right of contest — injunction.

580.9 Right of contest — injunction.   The right of the owner or keeper to foreclose, as well as the amount claimed to be due, may be contested by anyone interested in so doing, and the proceeding may be transferred to the district court, for which purpose an injunction may issue, if necessary.  [S13, §2341-v; C24, 27, 31, §2975; C35, §10347-a9; C39, §10347.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §580.9]  Injunctions,  R.C.P. 1.1501 et seq.
IA Code § 581.1 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 581 - VETERINARIAN’S LIEN|Section 581.1 - Nature of lien.

581.1 Nature of lien. Repealed by  2003 Acts, ch 82, §21  .
IA Code § 581.1A (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 581 - VETERINARIAN’S LIEN|Section 581.1A - Definitions.

581.1A Definitions.   As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:   1. “Livestock” means an animal belonging to the bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, or porcine species, ostriches, rheas, emus, poultry, or fish or shellfish.   2. “Veterinarian” means a person who practices veterinary medicine under a valid license or temporary permit as provided in chapter 169.   3. “Veterinarian’s lien” or “lien” means a veterinarian’s lien created under section 581.2A.  2003 Acts, ch 82, §15
IA Code § 581.2 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 581 - VETERINARIAN’S LIEN|Section 581.2 - Priority.

581.2 Priority.   Except as provided in this section, section 554.9322 shall govern the priority of a veterinarian’s lien that is effective or perfected as provided in section 581.3.   1. A veterinarian’s lien that is effective but not perfected under section 581.3 shall have priority as provided in section 554.9322.   2. a. A veterinarian’s lien that is perfected under section 581.3 shall have priority over any conflicting security interest or lien in livestock treated by a veterinarian, regardless of when such security interest or lien is perfected.   b. Notwithstanding paragraph “a”, a veterinarian’s lien shall not be superior to a court-ordered lien provided in section 717.4, if such lien is perfected as an agricultural lien.  [C35, §10347-f2; C39, §10347.11; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §581.2]  2003 Acts, ch 82, §16; 2011 Acts, ch 81, §4
IA Code § 581.2A (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 581 - VETERINARIAN’S LIEN|Section 581.2A - Lien created.

581.2A Lien created.   A veterinarian shall have an agricultural lien as provided in section 554.9102 for the actual and reasonable value of treating livestock, including the cost of any product used and the actual and reasonable value of any professional service rendered by the veterinarian. The veterinarian is a secured party and the owner of the livestock is a debtor for purposes of chapter 554, article 9. The lien applies to the livestock treated by the veterinarian.  2003 Acts, ch 82, §17  Referred to in §581.1A
IA Code § 581.3 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 581 - VETERINARIAN’S LIEN|Section 581.3 - Perfecting the lien — filing requirements.

581.3 Perfecting the lien — filing requirements.   Except as provided in this section, a financing statement filed to perfect a veterinarian’s lien shall be governed by chapter 554, article 9, part 5, in the same manner as any other financing statement.   1. The lien becomes effective at the time that the veterinarian treats the livestock.   2. In order to perfect the lien, the veterinarian must file a financing statement in the office of the secretary of state as provided in section 554.9308 within sixty days after the day that the veterinarian treats the livestock. The financing statement shall meet the requirements of section 554.9502, subsection 1, and include all applicable information described in section 554.9516. Filing a financing statement as provided in this subsection satisfies all requirements for perfection of an agricultural lien as provided in chapter 554, article 9.  [C35, §10347-f3; C39, §10347.12; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §581.3]  2003 Acts, ch 82, §18  Referred to in §581.2
IA Code § 581.4 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 581 - VETERINARIAN’S LIEN|Section 581.4 - Enforcement.

581.4 Enforcement.   A veterinarian may enforce a veterinarian’s lien in the manner provided for agricultural liens pursuant to the uniform commercial code, chapter 554, article 9, part 6.  [C35, §10347-f4; C39, §10347.13; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §581.4]  2003 Acts, ch 82, §19
IA Code § 582.1 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 582 - HOSPITAL LIEN|Section 582.1 - Definitions.

582.1 Definitions.   As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:   1. “Health plan” means an individual or group plan that provides, or pays the costs of, medical care as that term is defined in the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191 and regulations promulgated thereunder.   2. “Hospital” means a public or private institution licensed pursuant to chapter 135B.   3. “Provider agreement” means a contract, understanding, or arrangement made by an association, corporation, county, municipal corporation, or other institution maintaining a hospital in the state, with any health plan or other entity for the provision or payment of health care services.  2007 Acts, ch 154, §1; 2011 Acts, ch 34, §132
IA Code § 582.2 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 582 - HOSPITAL LIEN|Section 582.2 - Written notice of lien.

582.2 Written notice of lien.   No such lien shall be effective, however, unless a written notice containing the name and address of the injured person, the date of the accident, the name and location of the hospital, and the name of the person or persons, firm or firms, corporation or corporations alleged to be liable to the injured party for the injuries received, shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the district court of the county in which such hospital is located, prior to the payment of any moneys to such injured person, the person’s attorneys or legal representative, as compensation for such injuries; nor unless the hospital shall also mail, postage prepaid, a copy of such notice with a statement of the date of filing thereof to the person or persons, firm or firms, corporation or corporations alleged to be liable to the injured party for the injuries sustained prior to the payment of any moneys to such injured person, the person’s attorneys or legal representative, as compensation for such injuries. Such hospital shall mail a copy of such notice to any insurance carrier which has insured such person, firm or corporation against such liability, if the name and address shall be known. Such hospital shall also mail a copy of such notice to the injured person or to the injured person’s attorney or legal representative, if known.  [C35, §10347-f6; C39, §10347.15; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §582.2]  2007 Acts, ch 154, §3  Referred to in §582.1A, 582.3
IA Code § 582.4 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 582 - HOSPITAL LIEN|Section 582.4 - Lien docket — fees.

582.4 Lien docket — fees.   Every clerk of the district court shall maintain a hospital lien docket in which, upon the filing of any lien claim under the provisions of this chapter, the clerk shall enter the name of the injured person, the date of the accident, and the name of the hospital or other institution making the claim. The clerk shall make a proper index of the same in the name of the injured person and the clerk shall collect a fee in the amount provided for in section 602.8105 for filing each lien claim.  [C35, §10347-f8; C39, §10347.17; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §582.4]  95 Acts, ch 91, §2; 2006 Acts, ch 1144, §6  Referred to in §602.8104
IA Code § 583.1 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 583 - HOTELKEEPER’S LIEN|Section 583.1 - Definitions.

583.1 Definitions.   For the purposes of this chapter:   1. “Baggage” shall include all property which is in any hotel belonging to or under the control of any guest.   2. “Guest” shall include boarder and patron, or any legal occupant of any hotel as herein defined.   3. “Hotel” shall include inn, rooming house, and eating house, or any structure where rooms or board are furnished, whether to permanent or transient occupants.   4. “Hotelkeeper” shall mean a person who owns or operates a hotel.  [C97, §3138; S13, §3138; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10348; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §583.1]
IA Code § 583.2 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 583 - HOTELKEEPER’S LIEN|Section 583.2 - Nature of hotelkeeper’s lien.

583.2 Nature of hotelkeeper’s lien.   A hotelkeeper shall have a lien upon the baggage of any guest, which may be in that hotel, for:   1. The accommodations and keep of said guest.   2. The money paid for or advanced to said guest.   3. The extras and other things furnished said guest.  [C97, §3138; S13, §3138; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10349; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §583.2]  Bond to release, chapter 584
IA Code § 583.3 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 583 - HOTELKEEPER’S LIEN|Section 583.3 - Enforcement of claim by ordinary action.

583.3 Enforcement of claim by ordinary action.   The hotelkeeper may take and retain possession of all baggage and may enforce the claim by an ordinary action. Said baggage shall be subject to attachment and execution for the reasonable charges of the hotelkeeper against the guest, and for the costs of enforcing the lien thereon.  [C97, §3138; S13, §3138; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10350; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §583.3]  Attachment to enforce lien, §640.1
IA Code § 583.4 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 583 - HOTELKEEPER’S LIEN|Section 583.4 - Satisfaction of lien by sale.

583.4 Satisfaction of lien by sale.   If the hotelkeeper does not proceed by an ordinary action the hotelkeeper shall retain the baggage upon which the hotelkeeper has a lien for a period of ninety days, at the expiration of which time, if such lien is not satisfied, the hotelkeeper may sell such baggage at public auction after giving ten days’ notice of the time and place of sale in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where the hotel is situated, and also by mailing a copy of such notice addressed to said guest at the place of residence registered by the guest in the register of the hotel.  [C97, §3138; S13, §3138; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10351; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §583.4]
IA Code § 583.5 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 583 - HOTELKEEPER’S LIEN|Section 583.5 - Disposal of proceeds — statement.

583.5 Disposal of proceeds — statement.   From the proceeds of said sale the hotelkeeper shall satisfy the lien, the reasonable expense of storage, and the costs for enforcing the lien, and any remaining balance shall, on demand within six months, be paid to the guest, and if not demanded within said period of time, said balance shall be deposited by the hotelkeeper with the county treasurer of the county in which the hotel is situated, together with:   1. A statement of the hotelkeeper’s claim and the costs of enforcing same.   2. A copy of the published notice of sale.   3. A statement of the amounts received for the goods sold at said sale.  [C97, §3138; S13, §3138; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10352; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §583.5]  Referred to in §583.6
IA Code § 583.6 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 583 - HOTELKEEPER’S LIEN|Section 583.6 - Duty of county treasurer — right of guest.

583.6 Duty of county treasurer — right of guest.   The balance received by the county treasurer under section 583.5 shall be credited to the county, subject to a right of the guest, or the guest’s representative, to reclaim it at any time within three years from the date of deposit with the county treasurer.  [C97, §3138; S13, §3138; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10353; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §583.6]  83 Acts, ch 123, §193, 209  Referred to in §331.427, 331.552
IA Code § 584.1 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 584 - RELEASE OF LIENS BY BOND|Section 584.1 - Liens subject to release.

584.1 Liens subject to release.   An owner of personal property in this state who disputes, either the existence, on such property, of a common law or statutory lien, or the amount of any such lien, may release such lien, if any, and become entitled to the immediate possession of said property by filing a bond as hereinafter provided.  [C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10354; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §584.1]
IA Code § 584.2 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 584 - RELEASE OF LIENS BY BOND|Section 584.2 - Requirements of bond.

584.2 Requirements of bond.   Said bond shall be in an amount equal to twice the amount of the lien claimed, shall have one or more sureties, shall be approved by and filed with the clerk of the district court of the county where the property is being held under the claimed lien, and shall be conditioned to pay claimant any sum found to be due and also found to have been a lien on said property at the time the bond is filed.  [C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10355; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §584.2]
IA Code § 584.3 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 584 - RELEASE OF LIENS BY BOND|Section 584.3 - Effect of bond.

584.3 Effect of bond.   When said bond is filed and claimant is given written notice of such filing, the said lien, if any, shall stand released, and the owner shall be entitled to the immediate possession of said property.  [C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10356; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §584.3]
IA Code § 584.4 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIV - PROPERTY|Chapter 584 - RELEASE OF LIENS BY BOND|Section 584.4 - Action on bond.

584.4 Action on bond.   An action upon said bond shall be brought in the county where the owner of the property resides; when the said owner is a nonresident of this state, the action shall be brought in the county where the bond is filed.  [C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §10357; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §584.4]