reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 44-2-175 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 5 - Conveyance, Transfer, and Descent|§ 44-2-175. Registering Subsequent Transfers or Voluntary Conveyances of Land Held in Trust or Otherwise Restricted

 Whenever a writing or record is filed for the purpose of transferring registered land in trust, or upon any condition or unusual limitation expressed in the instrument, or with power given to sell, encumber, or deal with the land in any manner, no subsequent transfer or voluntary transaction purporting to be exercised under the powers given in the writing, instrument, or record shall be registered on the title register or on the owner's certificate except upon application to the court and an order of direction from the judge to the clerk as to how the subsequent transaction shall be entered.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 56; Code 1933, § 60-516.)
GA Code § 44-2-176 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 5 - Conveyance, Transfer, and Descent|§ 44-2-176. Duty of Tax Officer to Have Delinquent Taxes or Assessments Noted; Effect of Delinquencies Prior to Notation; Liability of Officer

 After December 31 of every year, it shall be the duty of every officer charged with the collection of any taxes or assessments charged upon any registered land or any interest therein which have not been paid when due to cause a notation of the fact that those taxes or assessments have not been paid to be entered upon the certificate of title on the title register along with the amount thereof. Unless such notation is made, the delinquent tax or assessment shall not affect any transfer or other dealing with the registered land; but the tax officer failing to perform such duty and his surety shall be liable for the payment of the taxes and assessments, with all lawful penalties and interest thereon, if any loss is occasioned to the state, county, municipality, or other political subdivision on account of such failure.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 57; Code 1933, § 60-517.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Records and Recording Laws, § 46.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 22.
GA Code § 44-2-190 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-190. Payment Into Assurance Fund Upon Original Registration; Determination of Amount

 Upon the original registration of any land under this article, there shall be paid to the clerk as an assurance fund one-tenth of 1 percent of the value of the land to be determined by the court. The fund shall be subject to the trusts and conditions set forth in this part for the uses and purposes of this article.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 74; Code 1933, § 60-701; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 44.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-191 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-191. Separate Account for Assurance Fund

 All money received by the clerk under Code Section 44-2-190 shall be kept in a separate account and paid promptly into the state treasury upon the special trust and condition that such moneys shall be set aside by the state treasurer in trust as a separate fund for the uses and purposes of this article, to be known as the "Land Registration Assurance Fund," which fund is appropriated to the uses and purposes set forth in this article.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 75; Code 1933, § 60-702; Ga. L. 1993, p. 1402, § 18; Ga. L. 2010, p. 863, § 3/SB 296.)    The 2010 amendment,  effective July 1, 2010, substituted "state treasurer" for "director of the Office of Treasury and Fiscal Services" in the middle of this Code section.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-192 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-192. Investment of Fund; Application of Income; Transfer of Excess

 The moneys collected pursuant to Code Section 44-2-190, insofar as they are not required to satisfy any judgment certified against the assurance fund under Code Section 44-2-195, shall be invested by the state treasurer in state bonds or validated county or municipal bonds in trust for the uses and purposes set forth in this article until the fund amounts to the sum of $500,000.00. The income or so much thereof as may be required may be applied towards the payment of the expenses of the administration of this article and the satisfaction of any such judgment. Whenever and so long as the face value of the bonds purchased shall equal the sum of $500,000.00, other money thereafter coming into the fund together with any income not required for the purposes set forth in this Code section shall be transferred from the Land Registration Assurance Fund to the general fund.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 76; Code 1933, § 60-703; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 44; Ga. L. 1993, p. 1402, § 18; Ga. L. 2010, p. 863, § 3/SB 296.)    The 2010 amendment,  effective July 1, 2010, substituted "state treasurer" for "director of the Office of Treasury and Fiscal Services" in the middle of the first sentence.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-193 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-193. Action Against Fund - Limitations; Defense by Attorney General; Measure of Damages; Tolling of Limitations During Disability; Notice to Unknown Persons

  Any person entitled to notice who had no actual notice of any registration under this article depriving him of any estate or interest in land and who is without remedy under this article may, within two years after accrual to him or to some person through whom he claims the right to bring such action, bring an action against the state treasurer in the superior court in the county where such land is located for the recovery out of the assurance fund of any damages to which he may be entitled by reason of any such deprivation. The state treasurer shall be served by the second original of proceedings so filed, which service shall be sufficient.   The assurance fund shall be defended in such action and in any appeal by the Attorney General. The measure of damages shall be the value of the property at the time the right to bring the action first accrued; and any judgment rendered therefor shall be paid as provided in Code Section 44-2-195.   If any person entitled to bring such action shall be under the disability of infancy, insanity, imprisonment, or absence from the state in the service of the state or of the United States at the time the right to bring such action first accrued, the action may be brought by him or his privies within two years after the removal of such disability.   Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this Code section, all nonresidents of the state and all persons who are described in the proceedings as being unknown, or of unknown address, or as to whom it appears from the record that they could not be found so as to be served shall be considered as having had actual notice when notice has been published in accordance with this article.    (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 77; Code 1933, § 60-704; Ga. L. 1993, p. 1402, § 18; Ga. L. 2010, p. 863, §§ 3, 4/SB 296.)    The 2010 amendment,  effective July 1, 2010, in subsection (a), substituted "state treasurer" for "director of the Office of Treasury and Fiscal Services" in the middle of the first sentence, and substituted "state treasurer" for "director" near the beginning of the last sentence.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-194 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-194. Action Against Fund - Parties Defendant

 If an action contemplated by Code Section 44-2-193 is brought to recover for loss or damage arising only through the legal operation of this article, the state treasurer shall be the sole defendant. If the action is brought to recover for loss or damage arising on account of any registration made or procured through fraud, neglect, or wrongful act of any person not exercising a judicial function, both the state treasurer and such person or persons shall be made parties defendant.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 78; Code 1933, § 60-705; Ga. L. 1993, p. 1402, § 18; Ga. L. 2010, p. 863, §§ 3, 4/SB 296.)    The 2010 amendment,  effective July 1, 2010, substituted "state treasurer" for "director of the Office of Treasury and Fiscal Services" near the end of the first sentence, and substituted "state treasurer" for "director" near the end of the second sentence.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-195 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-195. Action Against Fund - Execution on Judgment; Payment From Fund; Liability of Other Defendants to Plaintiff and to Fund

 If judgment shall be rendered for the plaintiff in any action brought pursuant to Code Section 44-2-193, execution shall issue against any defendants other than the state treasurer. If such execution is returned unsatisfied in whole or in part or if there are no such defendants, the clerk of the court in which the judgment was rendered shall certify to the state treasurer the amount due on the judgment; and the same shall be paid by the state treasurer out of the assurance fund under the special appropriation made of the fund for such purpose. Any person other than the state treasurer against whom any such judgment may have been rendered shall remain liable therefor or for so much thereof as may be paid out of the assurance fund; and the state treasurer may bring action at any time to enforce the lien of such judgment against such person or his estate for the recovery of the amount, with interest, paid out of the assurance fund.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 79; Code 1933, § 60-706; Ga. L. 1993, p. 1402, § 18; Ga. L. 2010, p. 863, §§ 3, 4/SB 296.)    The 2010 amendment,  effective July 1, 2010, substituted "state treasurer" for "director of the Office of Treasury and Fiscal Services" at the end of the first sentence and substituted "state treasurer" for "director" four times in this Code section.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-196 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-196. Action Against Fund - How Judgments Satisfied When Fund Insufficient; Interest

 If, at any time, the assurance fund is insufficient to satisfy any judgments certified against it as provided in Code Section 44-2-195, the unpaid amounts shall bear interest and shall be paid out of any money thereafter coming into the fund in the order in which they were accrued.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 81; Code 1933, § 60-708.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-197 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 6 - Assurance Fund|§ 44-2-197. Liability of Fund for Registered Owner's Breach of Trust

 The assurance fund shall not under any circumstances be liable for any loss, damage, or deprivation occasioned by a breach of trust, whether express, implied, or constructive, on the part of the registered owner of any estate or interest in land.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 80; Code 1933, § 60-707.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 66 Am. Jur. 2d, Registration of Land Titles, §§ 2, 8.   C.J.S.   - 76 C.J.S., Registration of Land Titles, § 41.
GA Code § 44-2-210 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 7 - Fees|§ 44-2-210. Fees Under Article; Deposit and Payment of Fees; Award of Costs

  The fees payable under this article to the examiner of titles shall be as follows:   For examining a title and making a report to the court, an examiner shall receive $1.00 per $1,000.00 or fraction thereof on the value of land, as determined by the court, not to exceed a maximum $100.00, and postage, plus $10.00; and   In contested cases, for hearing the case and making a report to the court, the judge may, in his discretion, allow additional compensation but in an amount not exceeding the same fee as that allowed an auditor for reporting his findings in equity cases under subsection (a) of Code Section 9-7-22. The examiner shall not be paid extra for reporting the evidence; but when a stenographer is used by consent of the parties or order of the judge, the stenographer shall be paid his usual fee.     The following fees shall be collected for the services of the sheriff under this article:   For ascertaining and reporting to the courts the names and addresses of the persons actually occupying the premises described in the petition, a fee as provided in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of Code Section 15-16-21 for each separate residence;   For each service of process and notice required, a fee as provided in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of Code Section 15-16-21; and   For posting a copy of the petition upon the premises, fees as provided in paragraph (6) of subsection (b) of Code Section 15-16-21.     For any other services of the clerk, the sheriff, or the surveyor which are not especially provided for in this Code section, a fee shall be fixed by the court to conform with what is usual and lawful for similar services rendered by such officer in ordinary cases.   Upon filing each application for initial registration, the applicant shall pay to the clerk the fee for civil cases as provided in Code Section 15-6-77.   In all contested cases and in all matters referred to the judge for his direction by any of the provisions of this article, the judge shall award the cost of the proceeding accordingly as in his discretion the justice of the case may dictate and, to that end, may assess all the costs against one of the parties or may divide the costs among the parties in such ratio as seems just.    (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 120; Code 1933, § 60-801; Ga. L. 1970, p. 497, § 11; Ga. L. 1991, p. 1324, § 8; Ga. L. 1992, p. 1311, § 3.)
GA Code § 44-2-220 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 8 - Forms|§ 44-2-220. Power of Judges to Make General Rules and Forms for Matters Under This Article; Power to Modify Forms; Uniformity of Forms

 The judges of the superior courts may, from time to time, make general rules and forms for procedure relating to the subjects dealt with in this article and may modify the forms prescribed in this part. Such rules and forms shall be uniform throughout the state and shall be subject to this article and the general laws of this state.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 70; Code 1933, § 60-601.)
GA Code § 44-2-222 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 8 - Forms|§ 44-2-222. Process

 The following is prescribed as the form of process to be attached to the petition: IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF ________ COUNTY STATE OF GEORGIA To the sheriffs of said state and their lawful deputies: The respondents __________________________________________________________ and all other persons whom it may concern are required to show cause before said court, on the ________ day of ________________________, ________, (not less than 40 nor more than 50 days from date of process) why the prayers of the foregoing petition should not be granted, and why the court should not proceed to judgment in such cause. Witness the Honorable ______________, judge of said court, this the ________ day of ________________________, ________. ___________________________________________________________________ Clerk   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 87; Code 1933, § 60-603; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 44.)
GA Code § 44-2-223 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 8 - Forms|§ 44-2-223. Advertisement

 The advertisement to be inserted in the newspaper in which sheriff's sales of the county are advertised for four insertions in separate weeks should be substantially in the following form: IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF ________ COUNTY STATE OF GEORGIA In re petition ) Civil action of ______ ) File no. ______ ) To whom it may concern, and to (here insert the names of all respondents, if any, who reside beyond the limits of the state, or whose place of residence is unknown): Take notice that _____________ has filed in said court a petition seeking to register the following lands under the provisions of the Land Registration Law: (Here describe lands). You are warned to show cause to the contrary, if any you have, before said court on the ________ day of ________________________, ________. This ________ day of ________________________, ________. ___________________________________________________________________ Clerk   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 88; Code 1933, § 60-604; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 44; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 44.)
GA Code § 44-2-224 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 8 - Forms|§ 44-2-224. Acknowledgment of Service

 Acknowledgment of service may be made in the following form, provided it is entered on the petition or entitled in the action and is signed in the presence of the judge, the clerk, the examiner, or any other person or official authorized by law to administer oaths, take acknowledgments, or act as a notary public or official witness and is attested by such officer: Due and legal service of the within and foregoing petition for registration is acknowledged. Further service, process, and notice waived, this the ________ day of ________________________, ________. ____________________________________________________________________ In the presence of ______________.   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 89; Code 1933, § 60-605; Ga. L. 1945, p. 140, § 1; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 44.)
GA Code § 44-2-225 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 8 - Forms|§ 44-2-225. Sheriff's Return

 The sheriff's return should be made substantially in the following form and entered on or attached to the petition: STATE OF GEORGIA, ________ COUNTY I have served copies of the within petition and process, or of the summons in substitute therefor, upon the following persons at the time and in the manner stated, as follows: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ I have also gone upon the land and posted in a conspicuous place on the land described herein and upon each separate tract thereof and upon every dwelling house and every building used as a place of business upon said land, a copy of the notice as required by law, and have taken the same into the custody of the court. The following is the name and post office address of each and every person above the age of 14 years actually occupying the premises: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ This ______ day of ________________________, ________. ___________________________________________________________________ Sheriff   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 90; Code 1933, § 60-606; Ga. L. 1943, p. 326, § 1; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 44.)
GA Code § 44-2-226 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 8 - Forms|§ 44-2-226. Certificate of Mailing; Entry of Such Certificate on Petition

 The clerk should also enter on the petition a certificate substantially in the following form: I certify that on the ________ day of ________________________, ________, I mailed to each of the following persons a copy of the within petition and process to his post office address as disclosed by the record: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ and that advertisement has been published in accordance with law, a copy of said advertisement being hereto attached. This ________ day of ________________________, ________. ___________________________________________________________________ Clerk   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 91; Code 1933, § 60-607; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 44.)
GA Code § 44-2-227 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 2 - Recordation and Registration of Deeds and Other Instruments|Article 2 - Land Registration|Part 8 - Forms|§ 44-2-227. Examiner's Appointment

 A form reading substantially as follows should be used in appointing examiners: IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF ________ COUNTY STATE OF GEORGIA In re petition ) Civil action of ________ ) File no. ______ ) ORDER ____________, a competent attorney at law, of good standing in his profession and of at least three years' experience, is hereby appointed an auditor in and for the __________ Judicial Circuit, to discharge the duties of examiner as provided in the Land Registration Law. This appointment is __________ (either general or for a particular case, as the case may be). This ________ day of ________________________, ________. ___________________________________________________________________ Judge, Superior Court   (Ga. L. 1917, p. 108, § 92; Code 1933, § 60-608; Ga. L. 1999, p. 81, § 44.)