WY Stat § 35-11-1105 (2021)
2021 Wyoming Statutes|Title 35 - Public Health and Safety|Chapter 11 - Environmental Quality|Article 11 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 35-11-1105 - Environmental Audit Privilege; Exceptions; Burden of Proof; Waiver; Disclosure After in Camera Review; Application.

35-11-1105. Environmental audit privilege; exceptions; burden of proof; waiver; disclosure after in camera review; application.| (a) As used in this section:  (i) "Environmental audit" means a voluntary, internal and comprehensive evaluation of one (1) or more facilities or an activity at one (1) or more facilities regulated under this act, or of management systems related to the facility or activity, that is designed to identify and prevent noncompliance and to improve compliance with this act. An environmental audit may be conducted by the owner or operator, by the owner's or operator's employees or by independent contractors. Once initiated the voluntary environmental audit shall be completed within one hundred eighty (180) days. Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize uninterrupted voluntary environmental audits;  (ii) "Environmental audit report" means a set of documents, each labeled "Environmental Audit Report: Privileged Document," prepared as a result of an environmental audit and may include field notes and records of observations, findings, opinions, suggestions, conclusions, drafts, memoranda, drawings, photographs, computer-generated or electronically recorded information, maps, charts, graphs and surveys if supporting information is generated or developed for the primary purpose and in the course of an environmental audit. An environmental audit report, when completed, shall have three (3) components:  (A) An audit report prepared by the auditor, including the scope, commencement and completion dates of the audit, the information gained in the audit, conclusions and recommendations, together with exhibits and appendices;  (B) Memoranda and documents analyzing the audit report and discussing implementation issues; and  (C) An audit implementation plan that corrects past noncompliance, improves current compliance and prevents future noncompliance.  (iii) "In camera review" means a hearing or review in a courtroom, hearing room or chambers to which the general public is not admitted. However, all parties to a civil or administrative proceeding may attend an in camera hearing and shall have a reasonable opportunity to review the documents for which the privilege is claimed and challenge the application of privilege to an environmental audit report. After such hearing or review, the content of oral and other evidence and statements of the judge, counsel and all parties shall be held in confidence by those participating in or present at the hearing or review, and any transcript of the hearing or review shall be sealed and not considered a public record until its contents are disclosed, pursuant to this section, by a court having jurisdiction over the matter.  (b) Owners and operators of facilities and persons whose activities are regulated under this act may conduct a voluntary internal environmental audit of compliance programs and management systems to assess and improve compliance with this act. An environmental audit privilege is created to protect the confidentiality of communications relating to these audits.  (c) An environmental audit report is privileged and shall not be admissible as evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, except as follows:  (i) The owner or operator of a facility may waive this privilege in whole or in part. If an owner or operator of a facility or person conducting an activity seeks to introduce any part of an environmental audit report as evidence in any proceeding, including reporting of violations under W.S. 35-11-1106(a), the privilege is waived as to those sections of the report dealing with that media sought to be introduced into evidence;  (ii) In a civil or administrative proceeding, the court or hearing officer after in camera review consistent with the Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure, shall require disclosure of all or part of the report if it determines:  (A) The privilege is asserted for a fraudulent purpose;  (B) The material is not subject to the privilege;  (C) The material shows evidence of noncompliance with this act or any federal environmental law or regulation and appropriate efforts to achieve compliance were not pursued as promptly as circumstances permit and completed with reasonable diligence; or  (D) The information contained in the environmental audit report demonstrates a substantial threat to the public health or environment or damage to real property or tangible personal property in areas outside of the facility property.  (iii) Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 80, § 2.  (iv) A party asserting the privilege granted under this section has the burden of proving the privilege, including proof that appropriate efforts to achieve compliance with this act or any federal environmental law or regulation were promptly pursued and completed with reasonable diligence. A party seeking disclosure under subparagraph (c)(ii)(A) of this section has the burden of proving that the privilege is asserted for a fraudulent purpose;  (v) Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 80, § 2.  (vi) Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 80, § 2.  (vii) Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 80, § 2.  (viii) The parties may at any time stipulate to entry of an order directing whether specific information contained in an environmental audit report is subject to the privilege provided under this section;  (ix) Upon making a determination under paragraph (c)(ii) of this section, the court shall compel disclosure of those portions of an environmental audit report relevant to issues in dispute in the proceeding.  (d) The privilege described in this section shall not extend to:  (i) Documents, communications, data, reports or other information required to be collected, developed, maintained, reported or otherwise made available to a regulatory agency or to any person pursuant to any regulatory requirement of this act or any other federal or state law or regulation;  (ii) Information obtained by observation, sampling or monitoring by any regulatory agency;  (iii) Information obtained from a source independent of the environmental audit;  (iv) Documents existing prior to the commencement of the environmental audit; or  (v) Documents prepared subsequent to and independent of the completion of the environmental audit.  (e) Nothing in this section shall limit, waive or abrogate the scope or nature of any statutory or common law privilege, including the work product doctrine and the attorney-client privilege.