reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 43-2-191 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-191 - Appointment of Nonresident Executor - Generally.

Section 43-2-191Appointment of nonresident executor - Generally. Judges of probate are authorized to issue letters testamentary to persons named as executors in wills regularly probated who are nonresidents of this state, upon like bond and surety and upon the same terms, conditions and requirements as are required by law of citizens of this state. (Code 1876, §2379; Code 1886, §2037; Code 1896, §80; Code 1907, §2556; Code 1923, §5778; Code 1940, T. 61, §140.)
AL Code § 43-2-192 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-192 - Appointment of Nonresident Executor - Filing of Copies of Will and Letters Testamentary; Bond and Surety.

Section 43-2-192Appointment of nonresident executor - Filing of copies of will and letters testamentary; bond and surety. When the will has been probated in another state or territory, before issuing letters testamentary thereon to a nonresident executor, the judge of probate must require him to file in court a copy of the will under which he is appointed, together with a certificate of the judge of the court in which the will was probated, that such will was regularly proved and established and that letters testamentary were issued to him thereon, in accordance with the laws of the state or territory in which such original letters were granted, and also to give bond and surety upon the same terms, conditions and requirements as are required by law of citizens of this state. But if it shall appear from the will that the testator, by an express provision therein, has exempted the applicant from giving bond as executor, such bond must not be required, except in the cases specified in section 43-2-81. The certified copy of the foreign letters must be filed and recorded. (Code 1876, §2380; Code 1886, §2038; Code 1896, §81; Code 1907, §2557; Code 1923, §5780; Code 1940, T. 61, §142.)
AL Code § 43-2-193 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-193 - Appointment of Nonresident Administrator.

Section 43-2-193Appointment of nonresident administrator. When any nonresident dies, leaving assets in this state, if no application for letters of administration is made by a relative or creditor entitled thereto, an administrator of his estate, appointed by the competent authority of the state or territory of his domicile, shall be entitled to letters of administration on such estate in this state, upon the production of the letters granted to him by the state or territory of his intestate's domicile, duly certified as required by law, in preference to any other person, upon his giving like bond and surety and upon the same terms, conditions and requirements as are required by law of citizens of this state. The certified copy of his foreign letters shall be filed and recorded in the office of the judge of probate issuing letters in this state. (Code 1886, §2039; Code 1896, §82; Code 1907, §2558; Code 1923, §5781; Code 1940, T. 61, §143.)
AL Code § 43-2-194 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-194 - Manner of Administering and Settling Estate.

Section 43-2-194Manner of administering and settling estate. When letters are granted to a nonresident executor or administrator, the assets of the estate upon which such letters are granted, which may be within this state at the date of such letters, shall in all respects be administered and settled as if such letters had been issued to a resident executor or administrator. (Code 1876, §2381; Code 1886, §2040; Code 1896, §84; Code 1907, §2560; Code 1923, §5783; Code 1940, T. 61, §145.)
AL Code § 43-2-195 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-195 - Collection of Debts and Deposits by Nonresident Personal Representative.

Section 43-2-195Collection of debts and deposits by nonresident personal representative. The personal representative of a deceased person, by appointment of a court having jurisdiction in any state other than the state of Alabama, may receive and collect any indebtedness or bank deposit owing to the deceased by any person who is a resident of Alabama, and such personal representative may execute a release, discharge and satisfaction of such indebtedness. Such personal representative, at the time of or before making such collection and satisfaction, release or discharge, shall file for record in the probate office of the county wherein the debtor resides a certified copy of the letters testamentary or of administration issued to such personal representative, certified in accordance with 28 U.S.C.A., §1738, but no such collection shall be made until the lapse of 60 days from the date of the death of the deceased, and no such collection shall be made if proceedings are pending for the grant of letters testamentary or of administration in or have been issued by any court having jurisdiction in Alabama. (Acts 1919, No. 731, p. 1082; Code 1923, §5779; Code 1940, T. 61, §141.)
AL Code § 43-2-196 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-196 - Right to Maintain Actions.

Section 43-2-196Right to maintain actions. Nonresident executors or administrators appointed under the provisions of this article may, by giving security for costs as required by law of nonresidents, bring and maintain civil actions in the courts of this state in all respects as may be done by resident executors and administrators. (Code 1896, §85; Code 1907, §2561; Code 1923, §5784; Code 1940, T. 61, §146.)
AL Code § 43-2-197 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-197 - Liability to Actions; Venue.

Section 43-2-197Liability to actions; venue. Civil actions may be brought against nonresident executors and administrators in their representative character, in all cases, in the county in which letters were granted. (Code 1896, §86; Code 1907, §2562; Code 1923, §5785; Code 1940, T. 61, §147.)
AL Code § 43-2-198 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-198 - Service of Process - Generally.

Section 43-2-198Service of process - Generally. Service of summons or other process may be made upon nonresident executors and administrators personally if found within the state. Such service may be made in any case by personal service upon them if found within the state, or by filing in the probate court granting letters a copy of the summons or other process and by sending a copy thereof through the mail to such executor or administrator and serving a copy thereof upon a resident surety, if there be one, as provided in section 43-2-199. (Code 1896, §86; Code 1907, §2562; Code 1923, §5785; Code 1940, T. 61, §147.)
AL Code § 43-2-199 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-199 - Service of Process - Citations or Notices, etc.; Return of Process.

Section 43-2-199Service of process — Citations or notices, etc.; return of process. Citations to make settlements and other citations or notices to such nonresident executors and administrators, and all writs or legal process, including executions on decrees and judgments, may be served by depositing a copy in a sealed envelope, postage prepaid, in a post office at or near the court or office issuing such process, such envelope to be plainly addressed and directed to such nonresident executor or administrator at the place and by the name furnished by him upon the filing of his application for letters, or thereafter as provided in section 43-2-190 and, when the sureties, or either of them, reside in the state, and their place of residence is known, by the service of a copy of such writ or process upon one of such sureties. When service is had by depositing a copy of the writ or process in the post office only and not accompanied by service upon a surety, such service shall not take effect until the expiration of 10 days from the date of mailing such copy. If the post-office address of such nonresident executor or administrator is not furnished as required by section 43-2-190, service on one of his sureties is sufficient. If such post-office address is not so furnished and if there be no resident surety, notice of such writ or process may be given by publication in a newspaper published in the county wherein the proceedings are had for two consecutive weeks, and a copy thereof must be sent by mail to such nonresident executor or administrator, if his post-office address can be ascertained; and, if in such case there be no newspaper published in the county, the notice may be given by posting a copy thereof at the door of the courthouse for 15 days. The sheriff or other officer executing the writ or process must make return thereof according to the facts. (Code 1876, §2382; Code 1886, §2041; Code 1896, §87; Code 1907, §2563; Code 1923, §5786; Code 1940, T. 61, §148.)
AL Code § 43-2-200 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 8 - Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-200 - Liability of Sureties to Execution.

Section 43-2-200Liability of sureties to execution. Upon the return of an execution as provided in section 43-2-199 and, further, that no property of such executor or administrator, or property not sufficient to satisfy the same, is found in the county in which the execution is issued, the sureties on his bond shall be liable in all respects as in cases of a return of no property found on executions issued against resident executors or administrators. (Code 1876, §2383; Code 1886, §2042; Code 1896, §88; Code 1907, §2564; Code 1923, §5787; Code 1940, T. 61, §149.)
AL Code § 43-2-210 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 9 - Foreign Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-210 - Bond.

Section 43-2-210Bond. The judge of probate, in determining the amount of the bond which such executor or administrator should give, may examine him on oath; and such bond, when given, stands as security, on its condition being broken, for any person thereby injured. (Code 1852, §1936; Code 1867, §2295; Code 1876, §2639; Code 1886, §2293; Code 1896, §362; Code 1907, §2828; Code 1923, §6067; Code 1940, T. 61, §154.)
AL Code § 43-2-211 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 9 - Foreign Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-211 - Right to Maintain Actions and Recover or Receive Property in State.

Section 43-2-211Right to maintain actions and recover or receive property in state. Any executor or administrator who has obtained letters testamentary or of administration on the estate of a person who was not, at the time of his death, an inhabitant of this state, in any other of the United States, and who has not obtained letters of administration thereon in this state, as authorized by article 8 of chapter 2 of this title, may maintain civil actions and recover or receive property in this state: (1) By recording, at any time before judgment or the receipt of the property, a copy of his letters, duly authenticated according to the laws of the United States, in the office of the judge of probate of the county in which such civil action is brought or property received; or (2) By giving bond, with at least two good and sufficient sureties, payable to and approved by such judge of probate, in such amount as he may prescribe, to be determined with reference to the value of the property to be recovered or received and conditioned to faithfully administer such recovery or property according to law. (Code 1852, §1934; Code 1867, §2293; Code 1876, §2637; Code 1886, §2290; Code 1896, §359; Code 1907, §2825; Code 1923, §6064; Code 1940, T. 61, §151.)
AL Code § 43-2-212 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 9 - Foreign Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-212 - Action Not Affected by Grant of Letters of Administration in State; Right of Intervention.

Section 43-2-212Action not affected by grant of letters of administration in state; right of intervention. No civil action brought by any foreign executor or administrator, under the provisions of section 43-2-211, must be abated, barred or affected by the grant of letters of administration in this state, either prior or subsequent to the institution of such action; but, in such case, the administrator appointed in this state may, if necessary for the protection of creditors, distributees, or legatees, resident in this state, intervene in such action and shall be entitled to the recovery therein. (Code 1867, §2293; Code 1876, §2637; Code 1886, §2291; Code 1896, §360; Code 1907, §2826; Code 1923, §6065; Code 1940, T. 61, §152.)
AL Code § 43-2-213 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 9 - Foreign Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-213 - Plaintiff Required to Prove Compliance With Section 43-2-211.

Section 43-2-213Plaintiff required to prove compliance with section 43-2-211. Before a judgment is rendered in a civil action brought by such foreign executor or administrator, the plaintiff must prove that he has complied in all respects with the provisions of section 43-2-211, and, failing to do so, he cannot recover. (Code 1852, §1935; Code 1867, §2294; Code 1876, §2638; Code 1886, §2292; Code 1896, §361; Code 1907, §2827; Code 1923, §6066; Code 1940, T. 61, §153.)
AL Code § 43-2-214 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 9 - Foreign Executors and Administrators.|Section 43-2-214 - Protection Afforded by Delivery of Property or Recovery of Judgment.

Section 43-2-214Protection afforded by delivery of property or recovery of judgment. A delivery of property or the recovery of judgment, under the provisions of section 43-2-211, is a protection to the defendant or to the person delivering the property, to the extent of such judgment or the value of such property. (Code 1852, §1937; Code 1867, §2296; Code 1876, §2640; Code 1886, §2294; Code 1896, §363; Code 1907, §2829; Code 1923, §6068; Code 1940, T. 61, §155.)
AL Code § 43-2-230 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-230 - Applications for Letters of Administration.

Section 43-2-230Applications for letters of administration. Whenever letters of administration on the estate of any person presumed to be dead on account of absence for five or more years from the place of his last domicile within this state shall be applied for, it shall be the duty of the judge of probate to whom the application shall be made to accept and file the same and to thereupon take the testimony with respect to whether the petitioner is entitled to such letters; and, if the court is satisfied by the testimony that the applicant would be entitled thereto were the supposed decedent in fact dead, the court shall cause to be advertised in a newspaper published in the county, once a week for four consecutive weeks, the fact of said application, together with notice that on a day certain which shall be at least two weeks after the last of said advertisements, the court will hear evidence concerning the alleged absence of the supposed decedent, and the circumstances and duration thereof. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §157; Acts 1984, No. 84-258, p. 426, §1.)
AL Code § 43-2-231 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-231 - Appointment of Personal Representative.

Section 43-2-231Appointment of personal representative. It shall be lawful for the respective probate courts of this state to appoint a personal representative of the estates of persons who are presumed to be dead on account of absence for five or more years from the place of their last domicile within this state as provided in this article. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §156; Acts 1982, No. 82-399, §8-102; Acts 1984, No. 84-258, p. 426, §1.)
AL Code § 43-2-232 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-232 - Hearing.

Section 43-2-232Hearing. At the hearing, the probate court shall take such legal evidence as shall then be offered for the purpose of ascertaining whether the presumption of death is established, and no person shall be disqualified to testify by reason of his or her relationship as husband or wife to the supposed decedent or of his or her interest in the estate of the person supposed to be dead. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §158.)
AL Code § 43-2-233 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-233 - Publication of Notice of Presumption of Death.

Section 43-2-233Publication of notice of presumption of death. If satisfied upon the hearing that the legal presumption of death is made out, the court shall so decree and shall forthwith cause notice thereof to be inserted for two successive weeks in a newspaper published in the county and also, when practicable, in a newspaper published at, or near, the place shown in the commonwealth, where, when last heard from, the supposed decedent had his residence. The said notice shall require the supposed decedent, if alive, or any other person for him to produce to the court, within 12 weeks from the date of its last insertion, satisfactory evidence of his continuance in life. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §159.)
AL Code § 43-2-234 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-234 - Issuance of Letters of Administration.

Section 43-2-234Issuance of letters of administration. If, within the period of said 12 weeks, evidence satisfactory to the probate court of the continuance in life of the said decedent shall not be forthcoming, it shall be the duty of the court to issue the letters of administration to the party thereto entitled, and the said letters, until revoked, and all acts done in pursuance thereof, and in reliance thereupon, shall be as valid as if the supposed decedent were actually dead. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §160.)
AL Code § 43-2-236 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-236 - Revocation of Letters Upon Proof That Supposed Decedent Is Alive - Substitution of Parties; Reopening Judgments.

Section 43-2-236Revocation of letters upon proof that supposed decedent is alive - Substitution of parties; reopening judgments. After revocation of the letters, the person erroneously supposed to be dead, may, on suggestion filed of record of the proper fact, be substituted as plaintiff in all actions brought by the administrator, whether prosecuted to judgment or otherwise. He may in all actions previously brought against his administrator be substituted as defendant on proper suggestion filed by him, or by the plaintiff therein, but shall not be compelled to go to trial in less than three months from the time of such suggestion filed. Judgments recovered against the administrator before revocation, as aforesaid, of the letters may be reopened on application by the supposed decedent made within three months from the said revocation and supported by affidavit denying specifically on the knowledge of the affiant the cause of action or specifically alleging the existence of facts which would be a valid defense; but, if within the said three months, such application shall not be made or, being made, the facts exhibited shall be adjudged an insufficient defense, the judgment shall be conclusive to all intents, saving the defendant's right to have it reviewed, as in other cases, by certiorari, or writ of error or by appeal, whichever is applicable under the practice then prevailing in this state with respect thereto. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §162.)
AL Code § 43-2-235 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-235 - Revocation of Letters Upon Proof That Supposed Decedent Is Alive - Distribution of Assets.

Section 43-2-235Revocation of letters upon proof that supposed decedent is alive - Distribution of assets. The probate court may revoke the said letters at any time on due and satisfactory proof that the supposed decedent is in fact alive, after which revocation all the powers of the administrator shall cease, but all receipts, disbursements of assets and other acts previously done by him shall remain as valid as if the said letters were unrevoked. The administrator shall settle an account of his administration, down to the time of such revocation, and shall transfer all assets remaining in his hands to the person as whose administrator he had acted or to his duly authorized agent or attorney. Nothing in this article shall validate the title of any person to any property or money received as widow, next of kin or heir of such supposed decedent, but the same may be recovered from such person, provided such supposed decedent shall make due and sufficient legal proof to the court having jurisdiction of said estate, within one year after the petition for letters of said administration was filed, that he is alive; provided further, that if such proof is not furnished as provided in this article, the court having jurisdiction of said estate is authorized and directed to direct the administrator of said estate to disburse such funds or money as he may have belonging to said estate to the persons entitled to receive the same under the law. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §161; Acts 1945, No. 509, p. 732.)
AL Code § 43-2-237 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 43 - Wills and Decedents' Estates.|Chapter 2 - Administration of Estates.|Article 10 - Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead.|Section 43-2-237 - Costs.

Section 43-2-237Costs. The costs attending the issue of letters, or their revocation, shall be paid out of the estate of the supposed decedent. Costs arising upon an application for letters which shall not be granted shall be paid by the applicant. (Acts 1939, No. 46, p. 53; Code 1940, T. 61, §163.)