reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-503 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-503 - Notice of dishonor.

 (a) The obligation of an endorser stated in section 42a-3-415(a) and the obligation of a drawer stated in section 42a-3-414(d) may not be enforced unless (i) the endorser or drawer is given notice of dishonor of the instrument complying with this section or (ii) notice of dishonor is excused under section 42a-3-504(b).(b) Notice of dishonor may be given by any person; may be given by any commercially reasonable means, including an oral, written, or electronic communication; and is sufficient if it reasonably identifies the instrument and indicates that the instrument has been dishonored or has not been paid or accepted. Return of an instrument given to a bank for collection is sufficient notice of dishonor.(c) Subject to section 42a-3-504(c), with respect to an instrument taken for collection by a collecting bank, notice of dishonor must be given (i) by the bank before midnight of the next banking day following the banking day on which the bank receives notice of dishonor of the instrument, or (ii) by any other person within thirty days following the day on which the person receives notice of dishonor. With respect to any other instrument, notice of dishonor must be given within thirty days following the day on which dishonor occurs.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-503; P.A. 91-304, S. 60.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re time of presentment with provisions re notice of dishonor, a restatement of Secs. 42a-3-501(2)(a) and 42a-3-508(1), (2), (3) and (8), revised to 1991.Cited. 186 C. 618.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-504 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-504 - Excused presentment and notice of dishonor.

 (a) Presentment for payment or acceptance of an instrument is excused if (i) the person entitled to present the instrument cannot with reasonable diligence make presentment, (ii) the maker or acceptor has repudiated an obligation to pay the instrument or is dead or in insolvency proceedings, (iii) by the terms of the instrument presentment is not necessary to enforce the obligation of endorsers or the drawer, (iv) the drawer or endorser whose obligation is being enforced has waived presentment or otherwise has no reason to expect or right to require that the instrument be paid or accepted, or (v) the drawer instructed the drawee not to pay or accept the draft or the drawee was not obligated to the drawer to pay the draft.(b) Notice of dishonor is excused if (i) by the terms of the instrument notice of dishonor is not necessary to enforce the obligation of a party to pay the instrument, or (ii) the party whose obligation is being enforced waived notice of dishonor. A waiver of presentment is also a waiver of notice of dishonor.(c) Delay in giving notice of dishonor is excused if the delay was caused by circumstances beyond the control of the person giving the notice and the person giving the notice exercised reasonable diligence after the cause of the delay ceased to operate.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-504; 1963, P.A. 526, S. 6; P.A. 91-304, S. 61.)History: 1963 act deleted word “continental” referring to “United States” in Subsec. (4); P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re manner of presentment with provisions re when presentment or notice of dishonor, or a delay in giving such notice, is excused, a restatement of Sec. 42a-3-511(1), (2) and (3), revised to 1991.See Secs. 42a-3-111 and 42a-3-501(a) and (b)(1) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-3-504, revised to 1991, re manner of presentment.Cited. 32 CS 175.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-505 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-505 - Evidence of dishonor.

 (a) The following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor and of any notice of dishonor stated: (1) A document regular in form as provided in subsection (b) which purports to be a protest; (2) a purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not consistent with dishonor; (3) a book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no evidence of who made the entry.(b) A protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or vice consul, or a notary public or other person authorized to administer oaths by the law of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information satisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and certify either that presentment has been made or, if not made, the reason why it was not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or nonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given to some or all parties.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-505; P.A. 91-304, S. 62.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re the rights of the party to whom presentment is made with provisions re evidence of dishonor, a restatement of Secs. 42a-3-509(1), (2) and (3) and 42a-3-510, revised to 1991.See Sec. 42a-3-501(b)(2) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-3-505(1)(a), (b) and (c), revised to 1991, re rights of party to whom presentment is made.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-601 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-601 - Discharge and effect of discharge.

 (a) The obligation of a party to pay the instrument is discharged as stated in this article or by an act or agreement with the party which would discharge an obligation to pay money under a simple contract.(b) Discharge of the obligation of a party is not effective against a person acquiring rights of a holder in due course of the instrument without notice of the discharge.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-601; P.A. 91-304, S. 63.)History: P.A. 91-304 combined provisions of former Subsecs. (1) and (2) into new Subsec. (a), amended Subsec. (a) to replace reference to specific sections governing discharge with provision that the obligation of a party to pay the instrument is discharged “as stated in this article”, deleted former Subsec. (3) re when liability of all parties is discharged, and added Subsec. (b) re effect of discharge against a holder in due course, a restatement of Sec. 42a-3-602, revised to 1991.Cited. 231 C. 441.Cited. 4 CA 376.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-602 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-602 - Payment.

 (a) Subject to subsection (b), an instrument is paid to the extent payment is made by or on behalf of a party obliged to pay the instrument (1) to a person entitled to enforce the instrument or (2) to the assignor in the case of a mortgage debt that is assigned without sufficient notice to the party obliged to pay as provided in section 49-10. To the extent of the payment, the obligation of the party obliged to pay the instrument is discharged even though payment is made with knowledge of a claim to the instrument under section 42a-3-306 by another person.(b) The obligation of a party to pay the instrument is not discharged under subsection (a) if: (1) A claim to the instrument under section 42a-3-306 is enforceable against the party receiving payment and (i) payment is made with knowledge by the payor that payment is prohibited by injunction or similar process of a court of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) in the case of an instrument other than a cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check, the party making payment accepted, from the person having a claim to the instrument, indemnity against loss resulting from refusal to pay the person entitled to enforce the instrument; or (2) the person making payment knows that the instrument is a stolen instrument and pays a person it knows is in wrongful possession of the instrument.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-602; P.A. 91-304, S. 64; P.A. 98-147, S. 2.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re effect of discharge against a holder in due course with provisions re payment, a restatement of Sec. 42a-3-603(1), revised to 1991; P.A. 98-147 added Subsec. (a)(2) permitting payment to assignor of mortgage debt assigned without sufficient notice to party obliged to pay as provided in Sec. 49-10.See Sec. 42a-3-601(b) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-3-602, revised to 1991, re effect of discharge against holder in due course.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-603 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-603 - Tender of payment.

 (a) If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument, the effect of tender is governed by principles of law applicable to tender of payment under a simple contract.(b) If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument and the tender is refused, there is discharge, to the extent of the amount of the tender, of the obligation of an endorser or accommodation party having a right of recourse with respect to the obligation to which the tender relates.(c) If tender of payment of an amount due on an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument, the obligation of the obligor to pay interest after the due date on the amount tendered is discharged. If presentment is required with respect to an instrument and the obligor is able and ready to pay on the due date at every place of payment stated in the instrument, the obligor is deemed to have made tender of payment on the due date to the person entitled to enforce the instrument.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-603; P.A. 91-304, S. 65.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re payment or satisfaction with provisions re tender of payment, a restatement of Sec. 42a-3-604, revised to 1991.See Sec. 42a-3-602 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-3-603, revised to 1991, re payment of instrument.Cited. 202 C. 277; 205 C. 604; 218 C. 162.Cited. 4 CA 376.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-604 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-604 - Discharge by cancellation or renunciation.

 (a) A person entitled to enforce an instrument, with or without consideration, may discharge the obligation of a party to pay the instrument (i) by an intentional voluntary act, such as surrender of the instrument to the party, destruction, mutilation, or cancellation of the instrument, cancellation or striking out of the party's signature, or the addition of words to the instrument indicating discharge, or (ii) by agreeing not to sue or otherwise renouncing rights against the party by a signed writing.(b) Cancellation or striking out of an endorsement pursuant to subsection (a) does not affect the status and rights of a party derived from the endorsement.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-604; P.A. 91-304, S. 66.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re tender of payment with provisions re discharge by cancellation or renunciation, a restatement of Sec. 42a-3-605, revised to 1991.See Sec. 42a-3-603(b) and (c) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-3-604, revised to 1991, re tender of payment.Cited. 211 C. 613.Cited. 41 CS 587.Subsec. (a):Court may use its common sense and commercial experience in determining that a preprinted form used in the ordinary course of business satisfies Subdiv. (ii) requirement of a “signed writing”. 73 CA 830.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-606 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-606 - Impairment of recourse or of collateral.

 Section 42a-3-606 is repealed.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-606; P.A. 91-304, S. 112.)
CT Gen Stat § 42a-3-701 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Section 42a-3-701 - Letter of advice of international sight draft.

 Section 42a-3-701 is repealed.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 3-701; P.A. 91-304, S. 112.)
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-101 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-101 - Short title: Uniform Commercial Code–Bank Deposits and Collections.

 This article may be cited as “Uniform Commercial Code–Bank Deposits and Collections”.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-101; P.A. 91-304, S. 68.)History: P.A. 91-304 made minor changes in wording.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-102 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-102 - Applicability.

 (a) To the extent that items within this article are also within articles 3 and 8, they are subject to those articles. If there is conflict, this article governs article 3, but article 8 governs this article.(b) The liability of a bank for action or nonaction with respect to an item handled by it for purposes of presentment, payment, or collection is governed by the law of the place where the bank is located. In the case of action or nonaction by or at a branch or separate office of a bank, its liability is governed by the law of the place where the branch or separate office is located.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-102; P.A. 91-304, S. 69.)History: P.A. 91-304 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators and made minor wording changes.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-103 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-103 - Variation by agreement. Measure of damages. Action constituting ordinary care.

 (a) The effect of the provisions of this article may be varied by agreement, but the parties to the agreement cannot disclaim a bank's responsibility for its lack of good faith or failure to exercise ordinary care or limit the measure of damages for the lack or failure. However, the parties may determine by agreement the standards by which the bank's responsibility is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable.(b) Federal reserve and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection regulations and operating circulars, clearinghouse rules, and the like have the effect of agreements under subsection (a) of this section, whether or not specifically assented to by all parties interested in items handled.(c) Action or nonaction approved by this article or pursuant to federal reserve or the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection regulations or operating circulars is the exercise of ordinary care and, in the absence of special instructions, action or nonaction consistent with clearinghouse rules and the like or with a general banking usage not disapproved by this article, is prima facie the exercise of ordinary care.(d) The specification or approval of certain procedures by this article is not disapproval of other procedures that may be reasonable under the circumstances.(e) The measure of damages for failure to exercise ordinary care in handling an item is the amount of the item reduced by an amount that could not have been realized by the exercise of ordinary care. If there is also bad faith it includes any other damages the party suffered as a proximate consequence.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-103; P.A. 91-304, S. 70; P.A. 11-110, S. 15.)History: P.A. 91-304 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators and made minor changes in wording; P.A. 11-110 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to add references to Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection and make a technical change, effective July 21, 2011.Cited. 4 CA 39.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-105 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-105 - “Bank”. “Depositary bank”. “Payor bank”. “Intermediary bank”. “Collecting bank”. “Presenting bank”.

 In this article:(1) “Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking, including a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, or trust company;(2) “Depositary bank” means the first bank to take an item even though it is also the payor bank, unless the item is presented for immediate payment over the counter;(3) “Payor bank” means a bank that is the drawee of a draft;(4) “Intermediary bank” means a bank to which an item is transferred in course of collection except the depositary or payor bank;(5) “Collecting bank” means a bank handling an item for collection except the payor bank;(6) “Presenting bank” means a bank presenting an item except a payor bank.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-105; P.A. 91-304, S. 72.)History: P.A. 91-304 added definition of “bank”, revised definitions of “depositary bank” and “payor bank”, made minor changes in wording in definitions of “intermediary bank”, “collecting bank” and “presenting bank”, deleted definition of “remitting bank” and replaced alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators.Cited. 230 C. 486.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-106 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-106 - Payable through or payable at bank. Collecting bank.

 (a) If an item states that it is “payable through” a bank identified in the item, (i) the item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item, and (ii) the item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank.(b) If an item states that it is “payable at” a bank identified in the item, the item is equivalent to a draft drawn on the bank.(c) If a draft names a nonbank drawee and it is unclear whether a bank named in the draft is a codrawee or a collecting bank, the bank is a collecting bank.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-106; 1961, P.A. 116, S. 4; 1963, P.A. 526, S. 7; P.A. 91-304, S. 73.)History: 1961 act added exception re service on bank as garnishee; 1963 act added reference to Art. 3; P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re a separate office of a bank with provisions re items “payable through” and “payable at” a bank, a restatement of Secs. 42a-3-120 and 42a-3-121, revised to 1991, and provision re status of bank named in draft which names a nonbank drawee.See Sec. 42a-4-107 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-106, revised to 1991, re a separate office of a bank.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-107 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-107 - Separate office of bank.

 A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for the purpose of computing the time within which and determining the place at or to which action may be taken or notice or orders must be given under this article and under article 3.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-107; 1972, P.A. 206, S. 2; P.A. 91-304, S. 74.)History: 1972 act included reference to deposits received on days which are not banking days in Subsec. (2); P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re time of receipt of items with provisions re a separate office of a bank, a restatement of Sec. 42a-4-106, revised to 1991.See Sec. 42a-4-108 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-107, revised to 1991, re time of receipt of items.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-108 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-108 - Time of receipt of items.

 (a) For the purpose of allowing time to process items, prove balances, and make the necessary entries on its books to determine its position for the day, a bank may fix an afternoon hour of two o'clock p.m. or later as a cutoff hour for the handling of money and items and the making of entries on its books.(b) An item or deposit of money received on any day after a cutoff hour so fixed or after the close of the banking day may be treated as being received at the opening of the next banking day.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-108; P.A. 91-304, S. 75.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re delays by a bank in handling items with provisions re time of receipt of items, a restatement of Sec. 42a-4-107, revised to 1991.See Sec. 42a-4-109 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-108, revised to 1991, re delays by a bank in handling items.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-109 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-109 - Delays.

 (a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank in a good faith effort to secure payment of a specific item drawn on a payor other than a bank, and with or without the approval of any person involved, may waive, modify, or extend time limits imposed or permitted by this title for a period not exceeding two additional banking days without discharge of drawers or endorsers or liability to its transferor or a prior party.(b) Delay by a collecting bank or payor bank beyond time limits prescribed or permitted by this title or by instructions is excused if (i) the delay is caused by interruption of communication or computer facilities, suspension of payments by another bank, war, emergency conditions, failure of equipment, or other circumstances beyond the control of the bank, and (ii) the bank exercises such diligence as the circumstances require.(1963, P.A. 526, S. 8; P.A. 91-304, S. 76.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re the process of posting with provisions re delays by a bank in handling items, a restatement of Sec. 42a-4-108, revised to 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-110 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-110 - Electronic presentment.

 (a) “Agreement for electronic presentment” means an agreement, clearinghouse rule, or Federal Reserve or the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection regulation or operating circular, providing that presentment of an item may be made by transmission of an image of an item or information describing the item (“presentment notice”) rather than delivery of the item itself. The agreement may provide for procedures governing retention, presentment, payment, dishonor, and other matters concerning items subject to the agreement.(b) Presentment of an item pursuant to an agreement for presentment is made when the presentment notice is received.(c) If presentment is made by presentment notice, a reference to “item” or “check” in this article means the presentment notice unless the context otherwise indicates.(P.A. 91-304, S. 77; P.A. 11-110, S. 16.)History: P.A. 11-110 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, effective July 21, 2011.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-111 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-111 - Statute of limitations.

 An action to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this article must be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues.(P.A. 91-304, S. 78.)