reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Nat Res Code § 89.048 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 89 - Abandoned Wells|Subchapter C. Powers and Duties of the Commission|Section 89.048. Plugging of Well by Surface Estate Owner

Sec. 89.048.  PLUGGING OF WELL BY SURFACE ESTATE OWNER.  (a)  In this section, "orphaned well" has the meaning assigned by Section 89.047.(b)  The owner of an interest in the surface estate of a tract of land on which an orphaned well is located may contract with a commission-approved well plugger to plug the well.(c)  If the surface estate owner enters into a contract under Subsection (b), the well plugger shall:(1)  not later than the 30th day before the date the well is plugged, mail notice of its intent to plug the well to the operator of the well at the operator's address as shown by the records of the commission;(2)  assume responsibility for the physical operation and control of the well as shown by a form the person files with the commission and the commission approves;(3)  file a bond, letter of credit, or cash deposit covering the well as required by Section 91.107; and(4)  plug the well in accordance with commission rules.(d)  On successful plugging of the well by the well plugger, the surface estate owner may submit documentation to the commission of the cost of the well-plugging operation.  The commission shall reimburse the surface estate owner from money in the oil and gas regulation and cleanup fund in an amount not to exceed 50 percent of the lesser of:(1)  the documented well-plugging costs; or(2)  the average cost incurred by the commission in the preceding 24 months in plugging similar wells located in the same general area.(e)  The commission shall adopt any rules reasonably necessary to implement this section.|Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 267 (H.B. 2161), Sec. 4, eff. January 1, 2006.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 4 (S.B. 1), Sec. 19.09, eff. September 28, 2011.|
TX Nat Res Code § 89.081 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 89 - Abandoned Wells|Subchapter D. Costs of Plugging Wells|Section 89.081. Cause of Action for Disproportionate Share of Cost

Sec. 89.081.  CAUSE OF ACTION FOR DISPROPORTIONATE SHARE OF COST.  If an operator or nonoperator owns only a partial interest in the well or oil and gas and the operator or nonoperator pays a larger proportion of the cost of plugging the well than his proportionate interest in the well or oil and gas, he has a cause of action against the other operators and nonoperators for their proportionate shares of the cost of plugging.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2554, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.  Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5251, ch. 967, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983;  Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5407, ch. 1002, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 29, 1983.|
TX Nat Res Code § 89.084 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 89 - Abandoned Wells|Subchapter D. Costs of Plugging Wells|Section 89.084. Money Paid Commission by Private Person

Sec. 89.084.  MONEY PAID COMMISSION BY PRIVATE PERSON.  (a)  The commission may accept money from private persons and use the money to plug or replug a well.(b)  Paying money to the commission is not an admission that the person paying the money is obligated to plug or replug the well.  Evidence that a person has paid money to the commission is not admissible against the person in a suit in which the person's obligation to plug a well is an issue and introducing the evidence is a compulsory ground for mistrial.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2555, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 89.087 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 89 - Abandoned Wells|Subchapter D. Costs of Plugging Wells|Section 89.087. Judicial Review of Commission Decisions; Immunity From Suit and Liability

Sec. 89.087.  JUDICIAL REVIEW OF COMMISSION DECISIONS;  IMMUNITY FROM SUIT AND LIABILITY.  (a)  A claimant aggrieved by the commission's decision on a claim may appeal the decision in a district court of Travis County on or before the 60th day after the date the decision was issued.  If the commission does not decide a claim by the 90th day after the date it was filed, the claimant may appeal within the 60-day period beginning on the 91st day after the date of filing.(b)  Judicial review under this section is by trial de novo.(c)  No interest accrues on a claim before an appeal is filed under this section.(d)  Except to the extent permitted by this chapter, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the commission, its employees or agents, and the State of Texas are immune from suit and from liability based on the disposition of well-site equipment or hydrocarbons in accordance with this chapter.|Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 515, Sec. 5, eff. Jan. 1, 1994.|
TX Nat Res Code § 89.088 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 89 - Abandoned Wells|Subchapter D. Costs of Plugging Wells|Section 89.088. Record of Request for Notice by Lienholder or Nonoperator; Form; Fee

Sec. 89.088.  RECORD OF REQUEST FOR NOTICE BY LIENHOLDER OR NONOPERATOR;  FORM;  FEE.  (a)  The commission shall maintain a record of a request for notice by a lienholder or nonoperator under Section 89.043(e) or 89.085(f) of this code for five years after the date on which the commission receives the request.(b)  The commission shall prepare a form for a request for notice.  The commission shall require a person who requests notice to include on the form information that identifies the lease covered by the request.(c)  The commission may charge a filing fee for a request for notice not to exceed $10 for each lease covered by the request.|Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 515, Sec. 5, eff. Jan. 1, 1994.|
TX Nat Res Code § 89.121 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 89 - Abandoned Wells|Subchapter E. Enforcement; Judicial Review|Section 89.121. Enforcement by Commission

Sec. 89.121.  ENFORCEMENT BY COMMISSION.  (a)  In addition to the powers specifically granted to the commission under this chapter, the commission may enforce this chapter or any rule or order of the commission adopted under this chapter in the same manner and on the same conditions as provided in the other chapters of Title 3 of this code.(b)  Civil penalties collected for violations of this chapter or of rules relating to plugging that are adopted under this code shall be deposited in the general revenue fund.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2555, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.  Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5251, ch. 967, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983;  Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 603, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1991.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 4 (S.B. 1), Sec. 19.14, eff. September 28, 2011.|
TX Nat Res Code § 89.122 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 89 - Abandoned Wells|Subchapter E. Enforcement; Judicial Review|Section 89.122. Appeal to Courts

Sec. 89.122.  APPEAL TO COURTS.  Any person affected by the provisions of this chapter may sue to test the validity of any order adopted by the commission under this chapter in the same manner, on the same conditions, and to the same court or courts as prescribed for suits testing the validity of orders of the commission adopted under the general oil conservation statutes of this state.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2555, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 91.001. Definitions

Sec. 91.001.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:(1)  "Commission" means the Railroad Commission of Texas.(2)  "Gas" means natural gas.(3)  "Oil" means crude oil and crude petroleum oil.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2560, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 91.002. Criminal Penalty

Sec. 91.002.  CRIMINAL PENALTY.  (a)  A person who wilfully or with criminal negligence violates Section 91.101 of this code or a rule, order, or permit of the commission issued under that section commits an offense.(b)  An offense under Subsection (a) of this section is punishable by a fine of not more than $10,000 a day for each day a violation is committed.(c)  Venue for prosecution of an alleged violation of this section is in a court of competent jurisdiction in the county in which the violation is alleged to have occurred.|Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5262, ch. 967, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1983.  Renumbered from Sec. 91.351 by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(32), eff. Sept. 1, 1987.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 91.003. Additional Enforcement Authority

Sec. 91.003.  ADDITIONAL ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY.  (a)  In addition to other authority specifically granted to the commission under this chapter, the commission may enforce this chapter or any rule, order, or permit of the commission adopted under this chapter in the manner and subject to the conditions provided in Chapters 81 and 85 of this code, including the authority to seek and obtain civil penalties and injunctive relief as provided by those chapters.(b)  If the enforcement authority in Section 81.054, Natural Resources Code, is used to institute a civil action alleging a violation of an NPDES permit issued under this chapter, the attorney general may not oppose intervention by a person who has standing to intervene as provided by Rule 60, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.|Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5262, ch. 967, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1983.  Renumbered from Sec. 91.352 by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(32), eff. Sept. 1, 1987.  Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 310, Sec. 6, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.011 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.011. Casing

Sec. 91.011.  CASING.  (a)  Before drilling into the oil or gas bearing rock, the owner or operator of a well being drilled for oil or gas shall encase the well with good and sufficient wrought iron or steel casing or with any other material that meets standards adopted by the commission, particularly where wells could be subjected to corrosive elements or high pressures and temperatures, in a manner and to a depth that will exclude surface or fresh water from the lower part of the well from penetrating the oil or gas bearing rock, and if the well is drilled through the first into the lower oil or gas bearing rock, the well shall be cased in a manner and to a depth that will exclude fresh water above the last oil or gas bearing rock penetrated.(b)  The commission shall adopt rules regarding the depth of well casings necessary to meet the requirements of this section.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2560, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.  Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 704, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 26, 1985.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1021 (H.B. 2694), Sec. 2.01, eff. September 1, 2011.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.0115 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.0115. Casing; Letter of Determination

Sec. 91.0115.  CASING; LETTER OF DETERMINATION.  (a)  The commission shall issue, on request from an applicant for a permit for a well to be drilled into oil or gas bearing rock, a letter of determination stating the total depth of surface casing required for the well by Section 91.011.(b)  The commission may charge a fee in an amount to be determined by the commission for a letter of determination.(c)  The commission shall charge a fee not to exceed $75, in addition to the fee required by Subsection (b), for processing a request to expedite a letter of determination. (d)  The fees collected under this section shall be deposited in the oil and gas regulation and cleanup fund.|Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1021 (H.B. 2694), Sec. 2.02, eff. September 1, 2011.Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 835 (H.B. 7), Sec. 13, eff. June 14, 2013.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1075 (H.B. 3309), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.012 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.012. Water in Wells

Sec. 91.012.  WATER IN WELLS.  (a)  In boring any well for oil or gas, if a person pierces any cap rock or other geological formation in a manner that will cause a flow of salt water or fresh water injurious to an already bored oil well or any oil or gas deposits and that will probably result in the injury of the oil or gas field or already bored oil or gas well, the person shall abandon immediately all work on the well if the flow of water cannot be cased off and shall plug and fill the well in a manner and with materials that will stop the flow of the water.(b)  No well owner or person boring a well described under Subsection (a) of this section may remove the casing from the drilled well until the flow of water is stopped either by casing off or plugging the well.(c)  The provisions of this section apply only if the cap rock or other formation is pierced at a depth below the horizon at which oil or gas has been discovered already.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2560, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.013 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.013. Plugging and Shutting in Wells by Others

Sec. 91.013.  PLUGGING AND SHUTTING IN WELLS BY OTHERS.  (a)  If the owner of a well described in Subsection (a) of Section 91.012 of this code neglects or refuses to have the well plugged or shut in for more than 20 days after written notice is given to him, the owner or operator of adjacent or neighboring land may enter the premises on which the well is located and have the well plugged if it is an abandoned well or shut in if it is not abandoned, in the manner provided by law.(b)  Notice may be given to the owner of the well either by personal service on the owner or by posting the notice at a conspicuous place at or near the well.(c)  The reasonable cost and expense incurred in plugging or shutting in the well shall be paid by the owner of the well and may be recovered as debts of like amount are recovered under the law.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2560, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.014 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.014. Petition to Restrain Waste

Sec. 91.014.  PETITION TO RESTRAIN WASTE.  (a)  In addition to any other penalties, a district judge, in term time or vacation time, shall hear and determine any petition that is filed to restrain the waste of gas in violation of this subchapter and may issue mandatory or restraining orders that in his judgment are necessary.(b)  The petition may be filed by any citizen of this state and does not have to allege further financial interest of the petitioner in the state's natural resources than that possessed in common with all citizens of the state.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2561, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.015 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.015. Prevention of Waste

Sec. 91.015.  PREVENTION OF WASTE.  Operators, contractors, drillers, pipeline companies, and gas distributing companies that drill for or produce oil or gas or pipe oil or gas for any purpose shall use every possible precaution in accordance with the most approved methods to stop and prevent waste of oil, gas, or both oil and gas in drilling and producing operations, storage, piping, and distribution and shall not wastefully use oil or gas or allow oil or gas to leak or escape from natural reservoirs, wells, tanks, containers, or pipes.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2561, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.016 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.016. Confining Gas to Original Stratum

Sec. 91.016.  CONFINING GAS TO ORIGINAL STRATUM.  (a)  If gas located in a gas-bearing stratum known to contain gas in paying quantities is encountered in a well drilled for oil or gas in this state, the gas shall be confined to its original stratum until it can be produced and used without waste.(b)  Gas-bearing strata shall be adequately protected from infiltrating water.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2561, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.017 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.017. Using Gas in the Open Air

Sec. 91.017.  USING GAS IN THE OPEN AIR.  (a)  Any person who uses gas in lights in the open air or in or around derricks shall turn off the gas not later than 8 a. m. of each day the lights are burning or are used and shall not turn the lights on or relight them between 8 a. m. and 5 p. m.(b)  The person consuming the gas and using the burners in the open air shall enclose them in glass globes or lamps.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2561, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.018 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.018. Illumination

Sec. 91.018.  ILLUMINATION.  No person, copartnership, or corporation may use gas for illuminating purposes in flambeau lights.  The use of "jumbo" burners or other burners consuming no more gas than the "jumbo" burners is not prohibited.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2561, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.019 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.019. Standards for Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Electrical Power Lines

Sec. 91.019.  STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL POWER LINES.  An operator shall construct, operate, and maintain an electrical power line serving a well site or other surface facility employed in operations incident to oil and gas development and production in accordance with the National Electrical Code published by the National Fire Protection Association and adopted by the Texas Commission of Licensing and Regulation under Chapter 1305, Occupations Code.|Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 442 (H.B. 2259), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.020 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter B. Duties Relating to Oil and Gas Wells|Section 91.020. Electronic Geologic Data

Sec. 91.020.  ELECTRONIC GEOLOGIC DATA.  The commission shall work cooperatively with other appropriate state agencies to study and evaluate electronic access to geologic data and surface casing depths necessary to protect usable groundwater in this state.|Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1021 (H.B. 2694), Sec. 2.03, eff. September 1, 2011.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.051 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter C. Standard Gas Measurement|Section 91.051. Title

Sec. 91.051.  TITLE.  This subchapter may be cited as the Standard Gas Measurement Law.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2561, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.052 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter C. Standard Gas Measurement|Section 91.052. Definition

Sec. 91.052.  DEFINITION.  (a)  The term "cubic foot of gas" or "standard cubic foot of gas" means the volume of gas contained in one cubic foot of space at a standard pressure base and at a standard temperature base.(b)  The standard pressure base shall be 14.65 pounds per square inch absolute, and the standard temperature base shall be 60 degrees Fahrenheit.  If the conditions of pressure and temperature differ from this standard, conversion of the volume from these conditions to the standard conditions shall be made in accordance with the ideal gas laws, corrected for deviation.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2562, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.053 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter C. Standard Gas Measurement|Section 91.053. Commission Determination

Sec. 91.053.  COMMISSION DETERMINATION.  The commission shall determine the average temperature of gas as produced in each oil and gas field in Texas, other variable factors necessary to calculate the metered volumes in accordance with the ideal gas laws, and the variable factors to correct for deviation from the ideal gas laws in each of the oil and gas fields in the state.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2562, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|
TX Nat Res Code § 91.054 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Natural Resources Code|Title 3 - Oil and Gas|Subtitle B - Conservation and Regulation of Oil and Gas|Chapter 91 - Provisions Generally Applicable|Subchapter C. Standard Gas Measurement|Section 91.054. Notice and Hearing

Sec. 91.054.  NOTICE AND HEARING.  On request of any interested person, the commission shall give proper notice and hold a public hearing before making a determination under Section 91.053 of this code.|Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2562, ch. 871, art. I, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977.|