reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-557g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557g - Liability of owner of land available to public for recreation; exceptions.

 (a) Except as provided in section 52-557h, an owner of land who makes all or any part of the land available to the public without charge, rent, fee or other commercial service for recreational purposes owes no duty of care to keep the land, or the part thereof so made available, safe for entry or use by others for recreational purposes, or to give any warning of a dangerous condition, use, structure or activity on the land to persons entering for recreational purposes.(b) Except as provided in section 52-557h, an owner of land who, either directly or indirectly, invites or permits without charge, rent, fee or other commercial service any person to use the land, or part thereof, for recreational purposes does not thereby: (1) Make any representation that the premises are safe for any purpose; (2) confer upon the person who enters or uses the land for recreational purposes the legal status of an invitee or licensee to whom a duty of care is owed; or (3) assume responsibility for or incur liability for any injury to person or property caused by an act or omission of the owner.(c) Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be deemed applicable to the duties and liability of an owner of land leased to the state or any subdivision thereof for recreational purposes.(1971, P.A. 249, S. 2–4; P.A. 73-70, S. 1, 2; P.A. 82-160, S. 228.)History: P.A. 73-70 deleted language limiting applicability to owners of “five or more acres” of land and specified that landowner may make “all or any part” of land available for public use without liability; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Cited. 204 C. 435. Applies to all municipal and private landowners. 221 C. 256; decision reconsidered and overruled, see 238 C. 653. Cited. 226 C. 446; 238 C. 653; Id., 687.Cited. 7 CA 164. Void for vagueness doctrine does not require prior warning of civil immunity to potential claimants. 10 CA 86. Sec. 52-557f et seq. apply to all landowners including governmental entities; municipality's immunity under section extends to its employees. 24 CA 592. Cited. Id., 832; 39 CA 280; 45 CA 17.State enjoys same immunity from suit as private persons as long as it makes its land available for recreational purposes free of charge. 52 CS 562.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557h - Owner liable, when.

 Nothing in sections 52-557f to 52-557i, inclusive, limits in any way the liability of any owner of land which otherwise exists: (1) For wilful or malicious failure to guard or warn against a dangerous condition, use, structure or activity; (2) for injury suffered in any case where the owner of land charges the person or persons who enter or go on the land for the recreational use thereof, except that, in the case of land leased to the state or a subdivision thereof, any consideration received by the owner for the lease shall not be deemed a charge within the meaning of this section.(1971, P.A. 249, S. 5; P.A. 82-160, S. 229.)History: P.A. 82-160 made minor technical change and replaced alphabetic Subdiv. indicators with numeric indicators.Cited. 221 C. 256; decision reconsidered and overruled, see 238 C. 653; 226 C. 446; 238 C. 653; Id., 687.Subdiv. (1): Does not authorize recovery for nuisance. 7 CA 164. Cited. 10 CA 86. Sec. 52-557f et seq. apply to all landowners including governmental entities. 24 CA 592. Cited. 39 CA 280; 45 CA 17.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557i (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557i - Obligation of user of land.

 Nothing in sections 52-557f to 52-557i, inclusive, shall be construed to relieve any person using the land of another for recreational purposes from any obligation which he may have in the absence of said sections to exercise care in his use of such land and in his activities thereon, or from the legal consequences of failure to employ such care.(1971, P.A. 249, S. 6.)Cited. 221 C. 256; decision reconsidered and overruled, see 238 C. 653; 226 C. 446; 238 C. 653; Id., 687.Sec. 52-557f et seq. apply to all landowners including governmental entities. 24 CA 592. Cited. 39 CA 280; 45 CA 17.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557j - Liability of landowner upon whose land snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, motorcycles, minibikes or minicycles are operated.

 No landowner may be held liable for any injury sustained by any person operating a snowmobile, all-terrain vehicle, as defined in section 14-379, motorcycle or minibike or minicycle, as defined in section 14-1, upon the landowner's property or by any passenger in the snowmobile, all-terrain vehicle or motorcycle, minibike or minicycle, whether or not the landowner had given permission, written or oral, for the operation upon his land unless the landowner charged a fee for the operation, or unless the injury is caused by the wilful or malicious conduct of the landowner.(1971, P.A. 440, S. 1; P.A. 73-67, S. 1, 2; 73-676, S. 2; P.A. 82-160, S. 230.)History: P.A. 73-67 exempted landowners from liability for injuries sustained in operation of all-terrain vehicles or motorcycles; P.A. 73-676 extended exemption to cover injuries sustained in operating minibikes and minicycles; P.A. 82-160 made minor changes in wording.Statute held constitutional. 194 C. 129. Cited. 238 C. 653; Id., 687.City held to be a “landowner” within the ambit of statute. 7 CA 164. Cited. 10 CA 86; 24 CA 592; 39 CA 280.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557l (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557l - Immunity from liability of persons who donate food and of nonprofit organizations or corporations, political subdivisions of the state or senior centers that distribute donated food.

 (a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, any person, including but not limited to a seller, farmer, processor, distributor, wholesaler or retailer of food, who donates an item of food for use or distribution by a nonprofit organization, nonprofit corporation, political subdivision of the state or senior center and any nonprofit organization or nonprofit corporation that collects donated food and distributes such food to other nonprofit organizations or nonprofit corporations or a political subdivision of the state or senior center free of charge or for a nominal fee shall not be liable for civil damages or criminal penalties resulting from the nature, age, condition or packaging of the food, unless it is established that the donor, at the time of making the donation, or the nonprofit organization or nonprofit corporation, at the time of distributing the food, knew or had reasonable grounds to believe that the food was (1) adulterated, as defined in section 21a-101, or (2) not fit for human consumption.(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, any food establishment classified as a class 3 or class 4 food establishment pursuant to regulations adopted under section 19a-36h, that donates perishable food for use or distribution by a temporary emergency shelter in accordance with the provisions set forth in section 38a-313b shall not be liable for civil damages or criminal penalties resulting from the nature, age, condition or packaging of the food, unless it is established that the donor, at the time of making the donation, knew or had reasonable grounds to believe that the food was (1) embargoed or ordered destroyed by the Department of Public Health or a local director of health, or an authorized agent thereof, (2) adulterated, as defined in section 21a-101, or (3) not fit for human consumption.(P.A. 83-223, S. 1, 2; P.A. 94-17; P.A. 12-123, S. 2; P.A. 17-93, S. 15.)History: P.A. 94-17 applied provisions to any nonprofit organization or nonprofit corporation that collects donated food and distributes such food to other nonprofit organizations or nonprofit corporations free of charge or for a nominal fee and deleted Subsec. (b) that had provided “Nothing in this section limits the liability of the donee organization or corporation accepting the food.”; P.A. 12-123 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and made technical changes therein, and added Subsec. (b) re immunity from liability for food establishments donating perishable food; P.A. 17-93 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “political subdivision of the state or senior center”, amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “class III or class IV” with “class 3 or class 4 food establishment” and replacing “19a-36” with “19a-36h”, and made technical changes.Cited. 238 C. 653; Id., 687.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557m (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557m - Immunity from liability of directors, officers and trustees of nonprofit tax-exempt organizations.

 Any person who serves as a director, officer or trustee of a nonprofit organization qualified as a tax-exempt organization under Section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, and who is not compensated for such services on a salary or prorated equivalent basis, shall be immune from civil liability for damage or injury occurring on or after October 1, 1987, resulting from any act, error or omission made in the exercise of such person's policy or decision-making responsibilities if such person was acting in good faith and within the scope of such person's official functions and duties, unless such damage or injury was caused by the reckless, wilful or wanton misconduct of such person.(P.A. 86-338, S. 10; P.A. 87-227, S. 7; P.A. 88-364, S. 68, 123; P.A. 89-211, S. 50.)History: P.A. 87-227 replaced provision granting immunity for “any act or omission resulting in damage or injury occurring on or after October 1, 1986” with immunity for “damage or injury occurring on or after October 1, 1987, resulting from any act, error or omission made in the exercise of such person's policy or decision-making responsibilities” and excluded damage or injury caused by “reckless” misconduct; P.A. 88-364 made technical change; P.A. 89-211 clarified reference to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.Cited. 214 C. 1; 228 C. 375; 238 C. 653; Id., 687.Section provides greater protections to director, officer or trustee of nonprofit organization than does federal Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 and so is not preempted by said act. 140 CA 40.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557o (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557o - Liability of land surveyors.

 No action for trespass shall lie against any surveyor licensed under chapter 391 or person acting at the direction of any such licensed surveyor who enters upon land other than the land being surveyed without causing any damage to such other land in order to perform a survey, provided no such surveyor or person acting at the direction of such surveyor shall enter upon any land owned by a railroad company, as defined in section 13b-199, which is within fifty feet of a railroad track without first obtaining written permission from the railroad company, which written permission shall not be unreasonably withheld. Nothing herein shall relieve such licensed surveyor or person from liability for actual damages caused by such entry upon such other property.(P.A. 89-310, S. 1; P.A. 92-74, S. 2, 7; P.A. 14-134, S. 6.)History: P.A. 92-74 amended section to require surveyor or person acting at the direction of surveyor to obtain railroad company's written permission before entering upon any land owned by it which is within 50 feet of a railroad track; P.A. 14-134 replaced reference to Sec. 16-1 with reference to Sec. 13b-199, effective June 6, 2014.Cited. 238 C. 653; Id., 687.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557p. (Formerly Sec. 52-577p) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557p. (Formerly Sec. 52-577p) - Assumption of risk by person engaged in recreational equestrian activities, when.

 Each person engaged in recreational equestrian activities shall assume the risk and legal responsibility for any injury to his person or property arising out of the hazards inherent in equestrian sports, unless the injury was proximately caused by the negligence of the person providing the horse or horses to the individual engaged in recreational equestrian activities or the failure to guard or warn against a dangerous condition, use, structure or activity by the person providing the horse or horses or his agents or employees.(P.A. 93-286, S. 1.)History: Sec. 52-577p transferred to Sec. 52-557p in 1997.Protection granted by statute does not permit operator of horseback riding facility to avoid liability entirely for its negligence or its employees' negligence; the release plaintiff signed broadly indemnifying facility's operators from liability for damages resulting from operators' own negligence was a contract of adhesion and invalid as it violates public policy and is not in the public interest. 280 C. 153.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557q (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557q - Immunity from liability of broadcaster that broadcasts emergency alert and information concerning child abduction. Immunity from liability of outdoor advertising establishment.

 No claim for damages shall be made against a broadcaster, as defined in subsection (k) of section 12-218, or an outdoor advertising establishment, as described in the United States Department of Labor Standard Industrial Classification System Code 7312, that, pursuant to a voluntary program between broadcasters and law enforcement agencies, or between law enforcement agencies and outdoor advertising establishments, broadcasts or disseminates an emergency alert and information provided by a law enforcement agency concerning the abduction of a child, including, but not limited to, a description of the abducted child, a description of the suspected abductor and the circumstances of the abduction. Nothing in this section shall be construed to (1) limit or restrict in any way any legal protection a broadcaster or outdoor advertising establishment may have under any other law for broadcasting, outdoor advertising or otherwise disseminating any information, or (2) relieve a law enforcement agency from acting reasonably in providing information to the broadcaster or outdoor advertising establishment.(P.A. 03-111, S. 1; P.A. 05-210, S. 33; P.A. 06-196, S. 183; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-1, S. 46.)History: P.A. 05-210 provided immunity for outdoor advertising establishment; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes, effective June 7, 2006; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-1 replaced reference to Sec. 12-218(l) with reference to Sec. 12-218(k), effective January 1, 2016.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557r (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557r - Immunity from liability of fire department for installation or delivery of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors.

 (a) For the purposes of this section “fire department” includes any municipal fire department, independent fire department, fire district, independent fire company, volunteer fire department and any member thereof; “device” includes any battery-operated or plug-in smoke detector, carbon monoxide detector, or combination smoke and carbon monoxide detector; and “installation” does not include the alteration or installation of electrical wiring.(b) A fire department that delivers to, or installs at, residential premises a device or batteries for such a device shall not be liable for civil damages for personal injury, wrongful death, property damage or other loss, provided (1) such installation was done in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and (2) such installation or delivery was in such department's official capacity.(c) Any device delivered or installed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall be new and shall meet all applicable current safety and manufacturing standards.(d) Any fire department that delivers or installs a device in accordance with this section shall keep records documenting every such delivery or installation for not less than five years after such delivery or installation.(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or otherwise affect the obligations and duties of the owner or occupier of the residential premises receiving such delivery or installation services.(P.A. 09-78, S. 1.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-557s (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557s - Liability of owner or keeper of horse, pony, donkey or mule.

 (a) In any civil action brought against the owner or keeper of any horse, pony, donkey or mule to recover damages for any personal injury allegedly caused by such horse, pony, donkey or mule, such horse, pony, donkey or mule shall not be found to belong to a species that possesses a naturally mischievous or vicious propensity.(b) In any civil action brought against the owner or keeper of any horse, pony, donkey or mule to recover damages for any personal injury allegedly caused by such horse, pony, donkey or mule, there shall be a presumption that such horse, pony, donkey or mule did not have a propensity to engage in behavior that would foreseeably cause injury to humans. Such presumption may be rebutted by evidence that such horse, pony, donkey or mule previously exhibited behavior that put the owner or keeper of such horse, pony, donkey or mule on notice that such horse, pony, donkey or mule had a propensity to engage in the behavior that allegedly caused such personal injury.(c) There shall be no cause of action for strict liability brought against the owner of any horse, pony, donkey or mule to recover damages for any personal injury alleged to be caused by such horse, pony, donkey or mule.(P.A. 14-54, S. 1.)History: P.A. 14-54 effective May 28, 2014.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557t (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557t - Absolute defense to civil action resulting from good faith report of an act of threatening.

 Any individual who reports an act of threatening described in subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of section 53a-61aa shall have an absolute defense to any civil action brought as a result of having made such report, provided such individual exercised due care when making such report and at all times acted in good faith while making such report.(P.A. 16-67, S. 9.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-557u (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557u - Entering the passenger motor vehicle of another to remove child or animal from vehicle. Affirmative defense against civil damages and criminal penalties, when.

 (a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, a person who enters the passenger motor vehicle of another, including entry by force, to remove a child or animal from the passenger motor vehicle shall have an affirmative defense against any civil damages or criminal penalties resulting from the acts or omissions by such person in removing the child or animal from the passenger motor vehicle, if such person:(1) Has a reasonable belief, at the time such person enters the passenger motor vehicle, that such entry is necessary to remove the child or animal from imminent danger of serious bodily injury;(2) Uses no more force than reasonably necessary under the circumstances to enter the passenger motor vehicle to remove the child or animal from imminent danger of serious bodily injury based upon the circumstances known by such person at the time;(3) Reports the entry and the circumstances surrounding such entry to a law enforcement agency or other public safety agency within a reasonable period of time after entering the passenger motor vehicle; and(4) Takes reasonable steps to ensure the safety, health and well-being of the child or animal after removing the child or animal from the passenger motor vehicle.(b) The affirmative defense provided in subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to acts or omissions constituting gross, wilful or wanton negligence.(c) Nothing in this section shall affect a person's civil liability if the person attempts to render aid to the child or animal in addition to the aid that is authorized under this section.(d) The provisions of this section are not exclusive, and the affirmative defense shall be in addition to any other defenses or immunities provided by state or federal law or which are available under common law.(e) As used in this section, “passenger motor vehicle” has the same meaning as provided in section 14-1 and “public safety agency” has the same meaning as provided in section 28-25.(P.A. 17-134, S. 1; P.A. 18-164, S. 16.)History: P.A. 18-164 amended Subsecs. (a) and (c) to add “or animal”.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557v (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557v - Immunity from liability of the state, political subdivisions and employees for emergency administration of epinephrine cartridge injector.

 (a) A person (1) employed to work for the state or any political subdivision thereof that has acquired and maintains a supply of epinephrine cartridge injectors, (2) who is trained in the use of an epinephrine cartridge injector in accordance with subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 19a-909, and (3) provides or administers an epinephrine cartridge injector to an individual whom the person believes in good faith is experiencing anaphylaxis during the course of such person's employment, shall not be liable to such individual for civil damages or subject to criminal prosecution for any personal injuries that result from acts or omissions by such person in using an epinephrine cartridge injector, which may constitute ordinary negligence. The immunity provided in this subsection shall not apply to wilful or wanton misconduct or acts or omissions constituting gross negligence.(b) The state or any political subdivision thereof that (1) has acquired and maintains a supply of epinephrine cartridge injectors, and (2) employs a person who (A) is trained in the use of an epinephrine cartridge injector in accordance with subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 19a-909, and (B) provides or administers an epinephrine cartridge injector to an individual whom the person believes in good faith is experiencing anaphylaxis during the course of such person's employment, shall not be liable to such individual for civil damages for any personal injuries that result from acts or omissions by such person in using an epinephrine cartridge injector, which may constitute ordinary negligence. The immunity provided in this subsection shall not apply to wilful or wanton misconduct or acts or omissions constituting gross negligence.(P.A. 19-19, S. 3.)History: P.A. 19-19 effective June 13, 2019.