NY UCC § 9-102 (2021)
2021 New York Laws UCC - Uniform Commercial Code Article 9 - Secured Transactions Part 1 - General Provisions Sub Part 1 - Short Title, Definitions, and General Concepts 9-102 - Definitions and Index of Definitions.

Section 9--102. Definitions And Index of Definitions.  (a) Article 9 definitions. In this article:       (1) "Accession" means goods that are physically united with other            goods  in  such  a  manner  that the identity of the original            goods is not lost.       (2) "Account", except as used in "account for", means a right  to            payment  of  a  monetary obligation, whether or not earned by            performance, (i) for property that has been or is to be sold,            leased, licensed, assigned, or otherwise  disposed  of,  (ii)            for  services  rendered or to be rendered, (iii) for a policy            of insurance issued or to be issued,  (iv)  for  a  secondary            obligation  incurred  or  to  be  incurred,  (v)  for  energy            provided or to be provided, (vi) for the use  or  hire  of  a            vessel  under  a charter or other contract, (vii) arising out            of the  use  of  a  credit  or  charge  card  or  information            contained  on or for use with the card, or (viii) as winnings            in a lottery or other game of chance operated or sponsored by            a state, governmental unit of a State, or person licensed  or            authorized  to  operate  the  game by a State or governmental            unit of a  State.  The  term  includes  health-care-insurance            receivables.  The term does not include (i) rights to payment            evidenced by chattel paper or an instrument, (ii)  commercial            tort   claims,   (iii) deposit   accounts,   (iv)  investment            property, (v) letter-of-credit rights or letters  of  credit,            or  (vi)  rights  to  payment  for money or funds advanced or            sold, other than rights arising out of the use of a credit or            charge card or information contained on or for use  with  the            card.       (3) "Account  debtor"  means  a  person  obligated on an account,            chattel paper, or  general  intangible.  The  term  does  not            include  persons  obligated  to  pay a negotiable instrument,            even if the instrument constitutes part of chattel paper.       (4) "Accounting", except as used in  "accounting  for",  means  a            record:           (A) authenticated by a secured party;           (B) indicating the aggregate unpaid secured obligations as of                a  date  not  more  than 35 days earlier or 35 days later                than the date of the record; and           (C) identifying  the  components  of   the   obligations   in                reasonable detail.       (5) "Agricultural lien" means an interest in farm products:           (A) which  secures  payment  or  performance of an obligation                for:               (i) goods or services  furnished  in  connection  with  a                    debtor's farming operation; or               (ii) rent   on  real  property  leased  by  a  debtor  in                     connection with its farming operation; and           (B) which is created by statute in favor of a person that:               (i) in the ordinary  course  of  its  business  furnished                    goods  or  services  to a debtor in connection with a                    debtor's farming operation; or               (ii) leased real property to a debtor in connection  with                     the debtor's farming operation; and           (C) whose  effectiveness  does  not  depend  on  the person's                possession of the personal property.       (6) "As-extracted collateral" means:           (A) oil, gas,  or  other  minerals  that  are  subject  to  a                security interest that:               (i) is  created  by  a  debtor  having an interest in the                    minerals before extraction; and               (ii) attaches to the minerals as extracted; or           (B) accounts  arising  out  of  the  sale  at the wellhead or                minehead of oil, gas, or  other  minerals  in  which  the                debtor had an interest before extraction.       (7) "Authenticate" means:           (A) to sign; or           (B) with  present  intent  to  adopt  or  accept a record, to                attach to or  logically  associate  with  the  record  an                electronic sound, symbol, or process.       (8) "Bank"  means an organization that is engaged in the business            of banking. The term includes savings banks, savings and loan            associations, credit unions, and trust companies.       (9) "Cash  proceeds"  means  proceeds  that  are  money,  checks,            deposit accounts, or the like.       (10) "Certificate  of  title"  means  a certificate of title with             respect  to  which  a  statute  provides  for  the  security             interest in question to be indicated on the certificate as a             condition  or  result  of  the security interest's obtaining             priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect  to             the collateral. Such term includes another record maintained             as   an  alternative  to  a  certificate  of  title  by  the             governmental unit that issues certificates  of  title  if  a             statute  permits  the  security  interest  in question to be             indicated on the record as a  condition  or  result  of  the             security  interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a             lien creditor with respect to the collateral.       (11) "Chattel paper" means a record or records that evidence both             a monetary obligation and a security  interest  in  specific             goods,  a  security  interest in specific goods and software             used in the goods, a security interest in specific goods and             license of software used in the goods, a lease  of  specific             goods,  or a lease of specific goods and license of software             used in the goods. In this paragraph, "monetary  obligation"             means  a  monetary  obligation  secured by the goods or owed             under  a  lease  of  the  goods  and  includes  a   monetary             obligation  with  respect to software used in the goods. The             term does  not  include  (i)  charters  or  other  contracts             involving  the  use or hire of a vessel or (ii) records that             evidence a right to payment arising out  of  the  use  of  a             credit or charge card or information contained on or for use             with the card. If a transaction is evidenced by records that             include an instrument or series of instruments, the group of             records taken together constitutes chattel paper.       (11-a) "Check" means (i) a draft, other than a documentary draft,               payable  on demand and drawn on a bank or (ii) a cashier's               check or a teller's check. An instrument may  be  a  check               even  though  it is described on its face by another term,               such as "money order". An instrument that (i) meets all of               the requirements stated in Article 3 of this chapter to be               a negotiable instrument other  than  stating  that  it  is               payable to order or bearer and (ii) otherwise qualifies as               a check is a negotiable instrument and a check.       (12) "Collateral"  means  the  property  subject  to  a  security             interest or agricultural lien. The term includes:           (A) proceeds to which a security interest attaches;           (B) accounts,  chattel  paper,   payment   intangibles,   and                promissory notes that have been sold; and           (C) goods that are the subject of a consignment.       (13) "Commercial  tort  claim" means a claim arising in tort with             respect to which:           (A) the claimant is an organization; or           (B) the claimant is an individual and the claim:               (i) arose in the course of  the  claimant's  business  or                    profession; and               (ii) does  not  include  damages  arising out of personal                     injury to or the death of an individual.       (14) "Commodity  account"  means  an  account  maintained  by   a             commodity  intermediary  in  which  a  commodity contract is             carried for a commodity customer.       (15) "Commodity contract" means a commodity futures contract,  an             option  on a commodity futures contract, a commodity option,             or another contract if the contract or option is:           (A) traded on or subject to the rules of  a  board  of  trade                that  has been designated as a contract market for such a                contract pursuant to federal commodities laws; or           (B) traded on a foreign commodity board of  trade,  exchange,                or  market,  and  is  carried on the books of a commodity                intermediary for a commodity customer.       (16) "Commodity customer" means a person for  which  a  commodity             intermediary carries a commodity contract on its books.       (17) "Commodity intermediary" means a person that:           (A) is  registered  as  a  futures  commission merchant under                federal commodities law; or           (B) in the ordinary course of its business provides clearance                or settlement services for a board of trade that has been                designated as  a  contract  market  pursuant  to  federal                commodities law.       (18) "Communicate" means:           (A) to send a written or other tangible record;           (B) to  transmit  a  record  by  any means agreed upon by the                persons sending and receiving the record; or           (C) in the case of transmission of a record to or by a filing                office, to transmit a record by any means  prescribed  by                filing-office rule.       (19) "Consignee" means a merchant to which goods are delivered in             a consignment.       (20) "Consignment"  means  a transaction, regardless of its form,             in which a person delivers  goods  to  a  merchant  for  the             purpose of sale and:           (A) the merchant:               (i) deals  in  goods of that kind under a name other than                    the name of the person making delivery;               (ii) is not an auctioneer; and               (iii) is not generally  known  by  its  creditors  to  be                      substantially  engaged  in  selling  the  goods  of                      others;           (B) with respect to each delivery, the aggregate value of the                goods is $1,000 or more at the time of delivery;           (C) the goods  are  not  consumer  goods  immediately  before                delivery; and           (D) the  transaction does not create a security interest that                secures an obligation.       (21) "Consignor"  means  a  person  that  delivers  goods  to   a             consignee in a consignment.       (22) "Consumer debtor" means a debtor in a consumer transaction.       (23) "Consumer goods" means goods that are used or bought for use             primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.       (24) "Consumer-goods transaction" means a consumer transaction in             which:           (A) an   individual   incurs   an  obligation  primarily  for                personal, family, or household purposes; and           (B) a  security  interest  in  consumer  goods  secures   the                obligation.       (25) "Consumer obligor" means an obligor who is an individual and             who incurred the obligation as part of a transaction entered             into primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.       (26) "Consumer  transaction"  means a transaction in which (i) an             individual incurs  an  obligation  primarily  for  personal,             family,  or  household  purposes,  (ii)  a security interest             secures the obligation, and (iii) the collateral is held  or             acquired   primarily  for  personal,  family,  or  household             purposes. The term includes consumer-goods transactions.       (27) "Continuation statement" means an amendment of  a  financing             statement which:           (A) identifies,  by  its  file  number, the initial financing                statement to which it relates; and           (B) indicates that it is a  continuation  statement  for,  or                that  it  is  filed to continue the effectiveness of, the                identified financing statement.       (27-a) "Cooperative  addendum"  means  a  record  that  satisfies               Section 9--502(e).       (27-b) "Cooperative  interest"  means  an ownership interest in a               cooperative organization, which interest, when created, is               coupled with possessory rights of a proprietary nature  in               identified  physical  space  belonging  to the cooperative               organization. A subsequent termination of  the  possessory               rights  shall  not  cause  an  ownership interest to cease               being a cooperative interest.       (27-c) "Cooperative organization" means an organization which has               as its principal asset an interest  in  real  property  in               this   state  and  in  which  organization  all  ownership               interests are cooperative interests.       (27-d) "Cooperative  organization  security  interest"  means   a               security  interest  which is in a cooperative interest, is               in favor of the cooperative organization,  is  created  by               the  cooperative  record,  and  secures  only  obligations               incident to ownership of that cooperative interest.       (27-e) "Cooperative record"  means  those  records  which,  as  a               whole,  evidence  cooperative  interests  and  define  the               mutual  rights  and  obligations  of  the  owners  of  the               cooperative interests and the cooperative organization.       (27-f) "Cooperative  unit"  means  the  physical space associated               with a cooperative interest.       (28) "Debtor" means:           (A) a person  having  an  interest,  other  than  a  security                interest or other lien, in the collateral, whether or not                the person is an obligor;           (B) a seller of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles,                or promissory notes; or           (C) a consignee.       (29) "Deposit  account"  means a demand, time, savings, passbook,             or similar account maintained with a bank. The term does not             include investment property  or  accounts  evidenced  by  an             instrument.       (30) "Document"  means  a  document  of title or a receipt of the             type described in Section 7--201 (b).       (31) "Electronic chattel paper" means chattel paper evidenced  by             a  record  or records consisting of information stored in an             electronic medium.       (32) "Encumbrance"  means  a  right,  other  than  an   ownership             interest,  in real property. The term includes mortgages and             other liens on real property.       (33) "Equipment" means goods other than inventory, farm products,             or consumer goods.       (34) "Farm products" means goods,  other  than  standing  timber,             with  respect  to  which  the debtor is engaged in a farming             operation and which are:           (A) crops grown, growing, or to be grown, including:               (i) crops produced on trees, vines, and bushes; and               (ii) aquatic goods produced in aquacultural operations;           (B) livestock,  born  or  unborn,  including  aquatic   goods                produced in aquacultural operations;           (C) supplies used or produced in a farming operation; or           (D) products  of  crops  or livestock in their unmanufactured                states.       (35) "Farming operation" means raising, cultivating, propagating,             fattening, grazing, or  any  other  farming,  livestock,  or             aquacultural operation.       (36) "File  number"  means  the  number  assigned  to  an initial             financing statement pursuant to Section 9--519(a).       (37) "Filing office" means an office designated in Section 9--501             as the place to file a financing statement.       (38) "Filing-office  rule"  means  a  rule  adopted  pursuant  to             Section 9--526.       (39) "Financing  statement" means a record or records composed of             an initial financing statement and any filed record relating             to the initial financing statement.       (40) "Fixture filing" means the filing of a  financing  statement             covering  goods  that  are  or  are  to  become fixtures and             satisfying Section 9--502(a) and (b). The term includes  the             filing   of  a  financing  statement  covering  goods  of  a             transmitting utility which are or are to become fixtures.       (41) "Fixtures" means  goods  that  have  become  so  related  to             particular  real  property  that  an interest in them arises             under real property law.       (42) "General intangible" means any personal property,  including             things  in  action,  other  than  accounts,  chattel  paper,             commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents,  goods,             instruments,  investment  property, letter-of-credit rights,             letters of credit, money, and oil, gas,  or  other  minerals             before extraction. The term includes payment intangibles and             software.       (43) "Good  faith"  means  honesty  in fact and the observance of             reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.       (44) "Goods" means all things that are movable  when  a  security             interest  attaches.  The  term  includes  (i) fixtures, (ii)             standing timber that is  to  be  cut  and  removed  under  a             conveyance  or  contract for sale, (iii) the unborn young of              animals, (iv) crops grown, growing, or to be grown, even  if             the  crops  are produced on trees, vines, or bushes, and (v)             manufactured  homes.  The  term  also  includes  a  computer             program  embedded  in  goods  and any supporting information             provided in connection with a transaction  relating  to  the             program  if  (i) the program is associated with the goods in             such a manner that it customarily is considered part of  the             goods,  or (ii) by becoming the owner of the goods, a person             acquires a right to use the program in connection  with  the             goods. The term does not include a computer program embedded             in  goods  that  consists  solely of the medium in which the             program  is  embedded.  The  term  also  does  not   include             accounts,  chattel  paper,  commercial  tort claims, deposit             accounts,  documents,  general   intangibles,   instruments,             investment  property,  letter-of-credit  rights,  letters of             credit,  money,  or  oil,  gas,  or  other  minerals  before             extraction.       (45) "Governmental unit" means a subdivision, agency, department,             county,   parish,   municipality,   or  other  unit  of  the             government of the United  States,  a  state,  or  a  foreign             country. The term includes an organization having a separate             corporate existence if the organization is eligible to issue             debt  on which interest is exempt from income taxation under             the laws of the United States.       (46) "Health-care-insurance receivable" means an interest  in  or             claim  under  a  policy  of  insurance  which  is a right to             payment of a monetary obligation for  health-care  goods  or             services provided or to be provided.       (47) "Instrument"  means  a  negotiable  instrument  or any other             writing that evidences a right to the payment of a  monetary             obligation, is not itself a security agreement or lease, and             is  of  a  type  that  in  ordinary  course  of  business is             transferred by delivery with any  necessary  indorsement  or             assignment.   The  term  does  not  include  (i)  investment             property, (ii) letters of credit,  or  (iii)  writings  that             evidence  a  right  to  payment  arising out of the use of a             credit or charge card or information contained on or for use             with the card.       (48) "Inventory" means goods, other than farm products, which:           (A) are leased by a person as lessor;           (B) are held by a person for sale or lease or to be furnished                under a contract of service;           (C) are furnished by a person under a contract of service; or           (D) consist of raw materials, work in process,  or  materials                used or consumed in a business.       (49) "Investment property" means a security, whether certificated             or uncertificated, security entitlement, securities account,             commodity contract, or commodity account.       (50) "Jurisdiction of organization", with respect to a registered             organization,  means  the  jurisdiction  under whose law the             organization is formed or organized.       (51) "Letter-of-credit  right"  means  a  right  to  payment   or             performance  under  a  letter  of credit, whether or not the             beneficiary has demanded or  is  at  the  time  entitled  to             demand payment or performance. The term does not include the             right  of  a  beneficiary  to  demand payment or performance             under a letter of credit.       (52) "Lien creditor" means:           (A) a creditor that has  acquired  a  lien  on  the  property                involved by attachment, levy, or the like;           (B) an  assignee  for  benefit  of creditors from the time of                assignment;           (C) a trustee in bankruptcy from the date of  the  filing  of                the petition; or           (D) a receiver in equity from the time of appointment.       (53) "Manufactured  home" means a structure, transportable in one             or more sections, which, in the  traveling  mode,  is  eight             body  feet  or  more  in  width  or  40 body feet or more in             length, or, when erected on site,  is  320  or  more  square             feet, and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed             to  be  used  as  a  dwelling  with  or  without a permanent             foundation when connected to  the  required  utilities,  and             includes   the   plumbing,  heating,  air-conditioning,  and             electrical systems contained therein. The term includes  any             structure  that  meets  all  of  the  requirements  of  this             paragraph except the size requirements and with  respect  to             which  the  manufacturer  voluntarily  files a certification             required by the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban             Development and  complies  with  the  standards  established             under Title 42 of the United States Code.       (54) "Manufactured-home transaction" means a secured transaction:           (A) that  creates  a  purchase-money  security  interest in a                manufactured home, other than a manufactured home held as                inventory; or           (B) in which a manufactured home, other than  a  manufactured                home held as inventory, is the primary collateral.       (55) "Mortgage"  means  a  consensual  interest in real property,             including fixtures, which secures payment or performance  of             an obligation.       (56) "New  debtor"  means  a  person that becomes bound as debtor             under Section 9--203(d) by a security  agreement  previously             entered into by another person.       (57) "New value" means (i) money, (ii) money's worth in property,             services, or new credit, or (iii) release by a transferee of             an  interest  in  property  previously  transferred  to  the             transferee.  The  term  does  not  include   an   obligation             substituted for another obligation.       (58) "Noncash proceeds" means proceeds other than cash proceeds.       (59) "Obligor" means a person that, with respect to an obligation             secured by a security interest in or an agricultural lien on             the collateral, (i) owes payment or other performance of the             obligation,   (ii) has  provided  property  other  than  the             collateral to secure payment or  other  performance  of  the             obligation, or (iii) is otherwise accountable in whole or in             part for payment or other performance of the obligation. The             term  does  not include issuers or nominated persons under a             letter of credit.       (60) "Original debtor", except  as  used  in  Section  9--310(c),             means  a  person  that,  as  debtor, entered into a security             agreement to which a  new  debtor  has  become  bound  under             Section 9--203(d).       (60-a) "Payment assurance device" means any device installed in a             vehicle that can be used to remotely disable the vehicle.       (61) "Payment  intangible" means a general intangible under which             the account debtor's  principal  obligation  is  a  monetary             obligation.       (62) "Person related to", with respect to an individual, means:           (A) the spouse of the individual;           (B) a  brother,  brother-in-law,  sister, or sister-in-law of                the individual;           (C) an ancestor or lineal descendant of the individual or the                individual's spouse; or           (D) any  other  relative,  by  blood  or  marriage,  of   the                individual or the individual's spouse who shares the same                home with the individual.       (63) "Person related to", with respect to an organization, means:           (A) a  person  directly or indirectly controlling, controlled                by, or under common control with the organization;           (B) an officer or director of, or a person performing similar                functions with respect to, the organization;           (C) an officer or director of, or a person performing similar                functions  with  respect  to,  a  person   described   in                subparagraph (A);           (D) the  spouse  of  an  individual described in subparagraph               (A), (B), or (C); or           (E) an individual who is related by blood or marriage  to  an                individual  described  in  subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or               (D) and shares the same home with the individual.       (64) "Proceeds", except as used in Section 9--609(b),  means  the             following property:           (A) Whatever  is  acquired  upon  the  sale,  lease, license,                exchange, or other disposition of collateral;           (B) whatever is collected on, or distributed on  account  of,                collateral;           (C) rights arising out of collateral;           (D) to  the extent of the value of collateral, claims arising                out of the loss, nonconformity, or interference with  the                use  of,  defects or infringement of rights in, or damage                to, the collateral; or           (E) to the extent of the  value  of  collateral  and  to  the                extent  payable  to  the  debtor  or  the  secured party,                insurance payable by reason of the loss or  nonconformity                of,  defects  or infringement of rights in, or damage to,                the collateral.       (65) "Promissory note"  means  an  instrument  that  evidences  a             promise  to  pay a monetary obligation, does not evidence an             order to pay, and does not contain an  acknowledgment  by  a             bank  that  the bank has received for deposit a sum of money             or funds.       (66) "Proposal" means a record authenticated by a  secured  party             which  includes  the  terms  on  which  the secured party is             willing to accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction             of the obligation it secures pursuant  to  Sections  9--620,             9--621, and 9--622.       (66-a) "Prove" with respect to a fact means to meet the burden of               establishing the fact (Section 1-201(8)).       (67) "Public-finance  transaction" means a secured transaction in             connection with which:           (A) debt securities are issued;           (B) all or a portion of the securities issued have an initial                stated maturity of at least 20 years; and           (C) the debtor, obligor, secured  party,  account  debtor  or                other   person   obligated  on  collateral,  assignor  or                assignee of a secured obligation, or assignor or assignee                 of a security interest is a state or a governmental  unit                of a state.       (68) "Public  organic record" means a record that is available to             the public for inspection and is:           (A) a record consisting of the record initially filed with or                issued by a  state  or  the  United  States  to  form  or                organize  an  organization  and  any record filed with or                issued by the state or the United States which amends  or                restates the initial record;           (B)  an  organic record of a business trust consisting of the                record initially filed with a state and any record  filed                with  the  state  which  amends  or  restates the initial                record, if a statute  of  the  state  governing  business                trusts  requires that the record be filed with the state;                or           (C)  a  record  consisting  of  legislation  enacted  by  the                legislature  of  a  state  or  the Congress of the United                States which forms  or  organizes  an  organization,  any                record  amending  the  legislation,  and any record filed                with or issued by the state or the  United  States  which                amends or restates the name of the organization.       (69) "Pursuant to commitment", with respect to an advance made or             other  value given by a secured party, means pursuant to the             secured party's obligation,  whether  or  not  a  subsequent             event  of  default  or  other  event  not within the secured             party's control has relieved  or  may  relieve  the  secured             party from its obligation.       (70) "Record",  except  as  used  in  "for  record", "of record",             "record  or  legal  title",  and   "record   owner",   means             information  that is inscribed on a tangible medium or which             is  stored  in  an  electronic  or  other  medium   and   is             retrievable in perceivable form.        (71) "Registered  organization"  means an organization formed or             organized solely under the law of  a  single  state  or  the             United States by the filing of a public organic record with,             the issuance of a public organic record by, or the enactment             of  legislation  by the state or the United States. The term             includes a business trust that is formed or organized  under             the  law  of  a  single  state  if  a  statute  of the state             governing business trusts requires that the business trust's             organic record be filed with the state.       (72) "Secondary obligor" means an obligor to the extent that:           (A) the obligor's obligation is secondary; or           (B) the obligor has a right of recourse with  respect  to  an                obligation  secured  by  collateral  against  the debtor,                another obligor, or property of either.       (73) "Secured party" means:           (A) a person in whose favor a security interest is created or                provided for under a security agreement, whether  or  not                any obligation to be secured is outstanding;           (B) a person that holds an agricultural lien;           (C) a consignor;           (D) a  person  to  which  accounts,  chattel  paper,  payment                intangibles, or promissory notes have been sold;           (E) a trustee, indenture trustee, agent, collateral agent, or                other representative in whose favor a  security  interest                or agricultural lien is created or provided for; or           (F) a  person  that  holds  a security interest arising under                Section 2--401, 2--505, 2--711(3), 2-A-508(5), 4--210, or                5--118.        (74)  "Security  agreement"  means  an agreement that creates or             provides for a security interest. A cooperative record  that             provides  that  the  owner  of a cooperative interest has an             obligation to pay amounts to  the  cooperative  organization             incident to ownership of that cooperative interest and which             states that the cooperative organization has a direct remedy             against  that  cooperative  interest if such amounts are not             paid  is  a  security  agreement  creating   a   cooperative             organization security interest.        (75) "Send", in connection with a record or notification, means:           (A) to  deposit  in  the  mail,  deliver for transmission, or                transmit by any other usual means of communication,  with                postage  or  cost of transmission provided for, addressed                to any address reasonable under the circumstances; or           (B) to cause the record or notification to be received within                the time that it would have  been  received  if  properly                sent under subparagraph (A).        (76)  "Software"  means  a  computer  program and any supporting             information  provided  in  connection  with  a   transaction             relating  to  the  program.  The  term  does  not  include a             computer program that  is  included  in  the  definition  of             goods.        (77) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of             Columbia,  Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or             any  territory  or  insular  possession   subject   to   the             jurisdiction of the United States.        (78) "Supporting  obligation"  means a letter-of-credit right or             secondary  obligation   that   supports   the   payment   or             performance  of  an  account,  chattel  paper, a document, a             general intangible, an instrument, or investment property.        (79) "Tangible chattel paper" means chattel paper evidenced by a             record  or  records  consisting  of  information   that   is             inscribed on a tangible medium.        (80)  "Termination  statement" means an amendment of a financing             statement which:           (A) identifies, by its file  number,  the  initial  financing                statement to which it relates; and           (B) indicates  either  that  it is a termination statement or                that the identified  financing  statement  is  no  longer                effective.        (81) "Transmitting  utility" means a person primarily engaged in             the business of:           (A) operating a railroad, subway, street railway, or  trolley                bus;           (B) transmitting         communications         electrically,                electromagnetically, or by light;           (C) transmitting goods by pipeline or sewer; or           (D) transmitting or producing and  transmitting  electricity,                steam, gas, or water.  (b) Definitions  in other articles. The following definitions in other articles apply to this article:       "Applicant"                                  Section 5--102.      "Beneficiary"                                Section 5--102.      "Broker"                                     Section 8--102.       "Certificated security"                      Section 8--102.      "Clearing corporation"                       Section 8--102.      "Contract for sale"                          Section 2--106.      "Control" (with respect to a document        Section 7--106.                  of title)      "Customer"                                   Section 4--104.      "Entitlement holder"                         Section 8--102.      "Financial asset"                            Section 8--102.      "Holder in due course"                       Section 3--302.      "Issuer" (with respect to a letter of         credit or letter-of-credit right)         Section 5--102.      "Issuer" (with respect to a security)        Section 8--201.      "Issuer" (with respect to document of title) Section 7--102.      "Lease"                                      Section 2-A-103.      "Lease agreement"                            Section 2-A-103.      "Lease contract"                             Section 2-A-103.      "Leasehold interest"                         Section 2-A-103.      "Lessee"                                     Section 2-A-103.      "Lessee in ordinary course of business"      Section 2-A-103.      "Lessor"                                     Section 2-A-103.      "Lessor's residual interest"                 Section 2-A-103.      "Letter of credit"                           Section 5--102.      "Merchant"                                   Section 2--104.      "Negotiable instrument"                      Section 3--104.      "Nominated person"                           Section 5--102.      "Note"                                       Section 3--104.      "Proceeds of a letter of credit"             Section 5--114.      "Prove"                                      Section 4-A-105.      "Sale"                                       Section 2--106.      "Securities account"                         Section 8--501.      "Securities intermediary"                    Section 8--102.      "Security"                                   Section 8--102.      "Security certificate"                       Section 8--102.      "Security entitlement"                       Section 8--102.      "Uncertificated security"                    Section 8--102.  (c) Article  1  definitions and principles. Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article.