reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 38-35-115 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 38-35-115. Execution by Foreign Representative of Instrument Regarding Real Estate Prior to Filing Certified Copies of Order of Appointment

 When, by statute in effect at the time of the execution by an executor, trustee, or other representative appointed by a court or tribunal of a state other than Colorado or of a territory of the United States or of a country beyond the limits of the United States of an instrument of conveyance or encumbrance or contract concerning real estate in Colorado in accordance with the powers conferred by a will, testament, or codicil admitted to probate by such court or tribunal, a certified copy or an exemplified copy of the letters testamentary or trusteeship issued by such court or tribunal under such will, testament, or codicil or of the order of appointment by such court or tribunal is required to be filed for record with the county clerk and recorder of the county wherein is situated such real estate, the filing for record with such county clerk and recorder of such certified copy or exemplified copy of letters or order after the execution of such instrument of conveyance or encumbrance or contract shall have the same force and effect that it would have had if it had been filed for record with such county clerk and recorder prior to the execution of such instrument of conveyance or encumbrance or contract, whether such instrument of conveyance or encumbrance or contract was executed before or after April 17, 1941, and whether such certified copy or exemplified copy was so filed for record before or after said date.   History. Source: L. 41: P. 605, § 3. CSA: C. 40, § 117(3). CRS 53: § 118-6-15. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-6-15. History. Source: L. 41: P. 605, § 3. CSA: C. 40, § 117(3). CRS 53: § 118-6-15. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-6-15.
CO Code § 38-35-119 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 38-35-119. Release Not a Conveyance

 All instruments executed for the purpose of releasing any lien or encumbrance against real property shall be considered only as discharging and canceling such lien or encumbrance. No such release shall convey to any person, except the record owner of the property, any right, title, or interest in the property. Words of conveyance used in any such release shall be construed only as provided in this section.   History. Source: L. 27: P. 593, § 14. CSA: C. 40, § 120. CRS 53: § 118-6-19. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-6-19. History. Source: L. 27: P. 593, § 14. CSA: C. 40, § 120. CRS 53: § 118-6-19. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-6-19.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Curative Statutes of Colorado Respecting Titles to Real Estate”, see 16 Dicta 71 (1940). For article, “Curative Statutes of Colorado Respecting Titles to Real Estate”, see 26 Dicta 321 (1949).
CO Code § 38-35-120 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 38-35-120. Record of First and Last Parcels Includes Intervening Parcels

 All instruments wherein the parcels of property affected are not separately enumerated or listed but are described as being from one numbered, lettered, or designated parcel to another shall be construed as including the first and last designated parcels and also the intervening parcels unless a contrary intention is expressly and clearly set forth in the instrument.   History. Source: L. 27: P. 593, § 15. CSA: C. 40, § 121. CRS 53: § 118-6-20. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-6-20. History. Source: L. 27: P. 593, § 15. CSA: C. 40, § 121. CRS 53: § 118-6-20. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-6-20.
CO Code § 38-35-121 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 38-35-121. Conveyance or Reservation of a Mineral Interest - Geothermal Resources

 As respects instruments executed prior to May 17, 1974, which convey title to real property or an interest therein, it shall be presumed that reference to minerals or mineral rights does not include geothermal resources unless geothermal resources are specifically mentioned. As respects such instruments executed on and after May 17, 1974, reference to minerals or mineral rights shall not include geothermal resources unless specifically mentioned.   History. Source: L. 74: Entire section added, p. 316, § 8, effective May 17.
CO Code § 38-35-123 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 38-35-123. Liens - Notice - Current Address

  Any instrument which creates a lien on real property, except mechanics' liens, when recorded in the office of the county clerk and recorder of the county where such real property is situated shall include on its face the current mailing address of the lienor and lienee when such instrument is recorded. In the case of judgment liens, such address shall be placed on the document by the lienor.    Failure to comply with this section shall not affect the validity of the recording of the instrument or of the instrument itself.     History. Source: L. 84: Entire section added, p. 981, § 2, effective July 1.
CO Code § 38-35-124.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 1 - General Provisions|§ 38-35-124.5. Effect of Written Payoff Statement

  Any person or entity providing closing and settlement services for a real estate transaction and to whom a payoff statement is addressed shall be entitled to reasonably rely on the amounts that are set forth in such payoff statement for the time frame set forth therein and shall not be liable to the creditor or holder of the indebtedness or its agent for any omitted amounts, unless a written amendment is received by such person or entity prior to the closing of the transaction. Upon payment to the creditor or holder of the amounts stated in the written payoff statement, as may be amended, such creditor or holder shall be required to comply with the release provisions of section 38-35-124.    Any creditor or holder of the indebtedness who fails to comply with the release provisions of section 38-35-124 as required by subsection (1) of this section shall be liable to those persons or entities to whom the written payoff statement was addressed for any actual economic loss suffered by such persons or entities, including reasonable attorney fees and costs in enforcing the provisions of this section.    Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, in the event of an error in the written payoff statement provided by a creditor or holder of the indebtedness or its agent, the creditor shall retain any remedies, legal or equitable, to collect directly against the obligor any unsecured additional amounts determined to be outstanding.     History. Source: L. 2002: Entire section added, p. 1332, § 3, effective July 1.
CO Code § 38-35-202 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 2 - Spurious Liens and Documents|§ 38-35-202. Recording or Filing

  Any state or local official or employee, including the clerk and recorder of any county or city and county and the Colorado secretary of state, may accept or reject for recording or filing any document that the state or local official or employee reasonably believes in good faith may be a spurious lien or spurious document.    No state or local official or employee, including the clerk and recorder of any county or city and county and the Colorado secretary of state, shall be liable to any person or claimant for either the acceptance or rejection for recording or filing of any document that the state or local official or employee reasonably believes in good faith may be a spurious lien or spurious document.    No state or local official or employee, including the clerk and recorder of any county or city and county and the Colorado secretary of state, shall be obligated to accept for recording or filing any lien or claim of lien against a federal official or employee or a state or local official or employee based upon the performance or nonperformance of that official's or employee's duties unless such lien or claim of lien is accompanied by a specific order issued by a state court or federal court authorizing the recording or filing of such lien or claim of lien.     History. Source: L. 97: Entire part added, p. 36, § 1, effective March 20.
CO Code § 38-35-203 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 35 - Conveyancing and Recording|Part 2 - Spurious Liens and Documents|§ 38-35-203. Action to Enforce

  No spurious lien or spurious document shall hold or affect any real or personal property longer than thirty-five days after the lien or document has been recorded or filed in the office of any state or local official or employee, including the office of the clerk and recorder of any county or city and county or the office of the Colorado secretary of state, unless within the thirty-five days:   An action has been commenced to enforce such lien or document in the state district court for the county or city and county in which the lien or document was recorded or filed or the federal district court in Colorado; and    A notice of lis pendens stating that such an action has been commenced is recorded or filed in the office where the lien or document was recorded or filed.       The notice of lis pendens required by paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section must comply with the requirements of section 38-35-110 and rule 105 (f) of the Colorado rules of civil procedure and must include the civil action number of the action that has been commenced to enforce the lien or document. Failure to comply with the requirements of this subsection (2) shall render the notice of lis pendens invalid.     History. Source: L. 97: Entire part added, p. 37, § 1, effective March 20. L. 2012: IP(1) amended, (SB 12-175), ch. 208, p. 895, § 169, effective July 1.
CO Code § 38-36-102 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-102. Lesser Estates - When Registered

 It shall not be an objection to bringing land under this article that the estate or interest of the applicant is subject to any outstanding lesser estate, mortgage, lien, or charge. No mortgage, lien, charge, or lesser estate than a fee simple shall be registered unless the estate in fee simple to the same land is registered. Every such lesser estate, mortgage, lien, or charge shall be noted upon the certificate of title and the duplicate thereof, and the title or interest certified shall be subject only to such estates, mortgages, liens, and charges as are so noted, except as provided in this article.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 312, § 2. R.S. 08: § 715. C.L. § 4925. CSA: C. 40, § 170. CRS 53: § 118-10-2. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-2. History. Source: L. 03: P. 312, § 2. R.S. 08: § 715. C.L. § 4925. CSA: C. 40, § 170. CRS 53: § 118-10-2. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-2.    ANNOTATION   Applied in Gerbig v. Spelts, 89 Colo. 201 , 300 P. 606 (1931).
CO Code § 38-36-103 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-103. When Tax Title May Be Registered

 No title derived through sale for any tax or assessment or special assessment shall be entitled to be registered unless it appears that the title of the applicant, or those through whom he claims title, has been adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, and a decree of such court duly made and recorded decreeing the title of the applicant, or that the applicant or those through whom he claims title have been in the actual and undisputed possession of the land under such title at least seven years immediately prior to the application, and has paid all taxes and assessments legally levied thereon during said time; unless the same is vacant and unoccupied lands or lots, in which case, where title is derived through sale for any tax or assessments or special assessment for any such vacant and unoccupied lands or lots and the applicant, or those through whom he claims title, have paid all taxes and assessments legally levied thereon for eight successive years immediately prior to the application, in which case such lands and lots shall be entitled to be registered as other lands provided for by this section.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 312, § 3. R.S. 08: § 716. C.L. § 4926. CSA: C. 40, § 171. CRS 53: § 118-10-3. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-3. History. Source: L. 03: P. 312, § 3. R.S. 08: § 716. C.L. § 4926. CSA: C. 40, § 171. CRS 53: § 118-10-3. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-3.    ANNOTATION   Lands held by tax deed may be registered. Lands held only by tax deed, the title having been quieted in an action instituted within one year of the execution of the deed, may be registered. Held v. Houser, 53 Colo. 363 , 127 P. 139 (1912).
CO Code § 38-36-105 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-105. What Lands May Be Joined in One Application

 Any number of contiguous pieces of land in the same county and owned by the same person and in the same right, or any number of pieces of property in the same county having the same chain of title and belonging to the same person, may be included in one application.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 314, § 5. R.S. 08: § 718. C.L. § 4928. CSA: C. 40, § 173. CRS 53: § 118-10-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-5. History. Source: L. 03: P. 314, § 5. R.S. 08: § 718. C.L. § 4928. CSA: C. 40, § 173. CRS 53: § 118-10-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-5.    ANNOTATION   “Pieces of property” and “pieces of land” synonymous. The expressions, “pieces of property” and “pieces of land”, are synonymous. Held v. Houser, 53 Colo. 363 , 127 P. 139 (1912).   Several tracts may be included in one application for registration. Several tracts situated in the same county, claimed by the same party, and under the same chain of title, may be included in one application for the registration of the title under this section, even though not contiguous. Held v. Houser, 53 Colo. 363 , 127 P. 139 (1912).
CO Code § 38-36-106 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-106. Amendment of Application

 The application may be amended only by supplemental statement in writing, signed and sworn to as in the case of the original application.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 314, § 6. R.S. 08: § 719. C.L. § 4929. CSA: C. 40, § 174. CRS 53: § 118-10-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-6. History. Source: L. 03: P. 314, § 6. R.S. 08: § 719. C.L. § 4929. CSA: C. 40, § 174. CRS 53: § 118-10-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-6.
CO Code § 38-36-107 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-107. Form of Application

 [Form Excluded]   History. Source: L. 03: P. 314, § 7. R.S. 08: § 720. C.L. § 4930. CSA: C. 40, § 175. CRS 53: § 118-10-7. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-7. L. 76: Entire section amended, p. 315, § 71, effective May 20. History. Source: L. 03: P. 314, § 7. R.S. 08: § 720. C.L. § 4930. CSA: C. 40, § 175. CRS 53: § 118-10-7. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-7. L. 76: Entire section amended, p. 315, § 71, effective May 20.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-108 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-108. Application Made to District Court - Powers of Court

 The application for registration shall be made to the district court of the county wherein the land is situated. Said court has power to inquire into the condition of the title to and any interest in the land, and any lien or encumbrance thereon, and to make all orders, judgments, and decrees as may be necessary to determine, establish, and declare the title or interest, legal or equitable, as against all persons, known or unknown, and all liens and encumbrances existing thereon, whether by law, contract, judgment, mortgage, trust deed, or otherwise, and to declare the order, priority, and preference as between the same, and to remove all clouds from the title, and for that purpose the said court shall always be open.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 316, § 8. R.S. 08: § 721. C.L. § 4931. CSA: C. 40, § 176. CRS 53: § 118-10-8. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-8. History. Source: L. 03: P. 316, § 8. R.S. 08: § 721. C.L. § 4931. CSA: C. 40, § 176. CRS 53: § 118-10-8. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-8.
CO Code § 38-36-109 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-109. Registrars of Titles - Rules

 The county clerk and recorders of the several counties of this state shall be registrars of titles in their respective counties, and their deputies shall be deputy registrars. All acts performed by registrars and deputy registrars under this article shall be performed under rules and instructions established and given by the district court having jurisdiction of the county in which they act.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 316, § 9. R.S. 08: § 722. C.L. § 4932. CSA: C. 40, § 177. CRS 53: § 118-10-9. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-9. History. Source: L. 03: P. 316, § 9. R.S. 08: § 722. C.L. § 4932. CSA: C. 40, § 177. CRS 53: § 118-10-9. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-9.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Oil and Gas Problems and the Torrens System”, see 33 Dicta 194 (1956).   Article does not confer judicial powers on the registrar. See People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907); White v. Ainsworth, 62 Colo. 513 , 163 P. 959 (1917).   Article simply confers upon court certain judicial duties incident to the plan of registering land titles provided by this article. People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907); White v. Ainsworth, 62 Colo. 513 , 163 P. 959 (1917).   Article does not create a new county office, since only additional duties are imposed upon said clerk. People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907).   Article does not devolve executive duties on the court, in violation of art. III, Colo. Const., dividing the powers of government into three distinct departments and declaring that no person charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one department shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others. People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907).
CO Code § 38-36-110 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-110. Bond of Registrar

  Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, every county clerk and recorder shall, before entering upon the duties as registrar of titles, give a bond with sufficient sureties, to be approved by a judge of the district court of the county, payable to the people of the state of Colorado in such sum as is fixed by the said judge of the district court, conditioned for the faithful discharge of duties and to deliver up all papers, books, records, and other property belonging to the county or appertaining to the office as registrar of titles, whole, safe, and undefaced, when lawfully required to do so. The bond shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state and a copy thereof shall be filed and entered upon the records of the district court in the county wherein the county clerk and recorder holds office.    In lieu of the bond required by subsection (1) of this section, a county may purchase crime insurance coverage on behalf of the county clerk and recorder to protect the people of the county from any malfeasance on the part of the county clerk and recorder while in office.     History. Source: L. 03: P. 316, § 10. R.S. 08: § 723. C.L. § 4933. CSA: C. 40, § 178. CRS 53: § 118-10-10. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-10. L. 2010: Entire section amended, (HB 10-1062), ch. 161, p. 565, § 31, effective August 11. History. Source: L. 03: P. 316, § 10. R.S. 08: § 723. C.L. § 4933. CSA: C. 40, § 178. CRS 53: § 118-10-10. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-10. L. 2010: Entire section amended, (HB 10-1062), ch. 161, p. 565, § 31, effective August 11.
CO Code § 38-36-111 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-111. Duties of Deputy Registrar - Vacancies

 Deputy registrars shall perform all duties of the registrar in the name of the registrar, and the acts of such deputies shall be held to be the acts of the registrar, and in the case of the death of the registrar or his removal from office, the vacancy shall be filled in the same manner as is provided by law for filling such vacancy in the office of the county clerk and recorder. The person so appointed to fill such vacancy shall file a bond and be vested with the same powers as the registrar whose office he is appointed to fill.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 317, § 11. R.S. 08: § 724. C.L. § 4934. CSA: C. 40, § 179. CRS 53: § 118-10-11. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-11. History. Source: L. 03: P. 317, § 11. R.S. 08: § 724. C.L. § 4934. CSA: C. 40, § 179. CRS 53: § 118-10-11. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-11.    Cross references:   For filling vacancy in the office of county clerk and recorder, see §§ 1-12-205 and 30-10-404 .
CO Code § 38-36-112 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-112. Registrar Not to Practice Law - Neglect of Duty

 No registrar or deputy registrar shall practice as an attorney or counselor at law, nor prepare any papers in any proceeding provided for in this article, nor while in office be in partnership with any attorney or counselor at law so practicing. The registrar shall be liable for any neglect or omission of the duties of his office when occasioned by a deputy registrar in the same manner as for his own personal neglect or omission.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 317, § 12. R.S. 08: § 725. C.L. § 4935. CSA: C. 40, § 180. CRS 53: § 118-10-12. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-12. History. Source: L. 03: P. 317, § 12. R.S. 08: § 725. C.L. § 4935. CSA: C. 40, § 180. CRS 53: § 118-10-12. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-12.