reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-201 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-201 - Status of collecting bank as agent and provisional status of credits. Applicability of article. Item endorsed “pay any bank”.

 (a) Unless a contrary intent clearly appears and before the time that a settlement given by a collecting bank for an item is or becomes final, the bank, with respect to the item, is an agent or subagent of the owner of the item and any settlement given for the item is provisional. This provision applies regardless of the form of endorsement or lack of endorsement and even though credit given for the item is subject to immediate withdrawal as of right or is in fact withdrawn; but the continuance of ownership of an item by its owner and any rights of the owner to proceeds of the item are subject to rights of a collecting bank such as those resulting from outstanding advances on the item and valid rights of recoupment or set-off. If an item is handled by banks for purposes of presentment, payment, collection, or return, the relevant provisions of this article apply even though action of the parties clearly establishes that a particular bank has purchased the item and is the owner of it.(b) After an item has been endorsed with the words “pay any bank” or the like, only a bank may acquire the rights of a holder until the item has been: (1) Returned to the customer initiating collection; or (2) specially endorsed by a bank to a person who is not a bank.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-201; P.A. 91-304, S. 79.)History: P.A. 91-304 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators and alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators and made minor changes in wording and technical changes.Former Subsec. (1) to be construed harmoniously with Sec. 42a-4-208 (1). 33 CS 641.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-202 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-202 - Responsibility for collection or return. When action timely.

 (a) A collecting bank must exercise ordinary care in: (1) Presenting an item or sending it for presentment; (2) sending notice of dishonor or nonpayment or returning an item other than a documentary draft to the bank's transferor after learning that the item has not been paid or accepted, as the case may be; (3) settling for an item when the bank receives final settlement; and (4) notifying its transferor of any loss or delay in transit within a reasonable time after discovery thereof.(b) A collecting bank exercises ordinary care under subsection (a) by taking proper action before its midnight deadline following receipt of an item, notice, or settlement. Taking proper action within a reasonably longer time may constitute the exercise of ordinary care, but the bank has the burden of establishing timeliness.(c) Subject to subsection (a)(1), a bank is not liable for the insolvency, neglect, misconduct, mistake, or default of another bank or person or for loss or destruction of an item in the possession of others or in transit.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-202; P.A. 91-304, S. 80.)History: P.A. 91-304 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators and alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators, amended Subsec. (a) to delete provision from Subdiv. (2) re sending notice of dishonor or nonpayment or returning an item “directly to the depositary bank under subsection (2) of section 42a-4-212” and delete provision requiring exercise of ordinary care in “making or providing for any necessary protest”, amended Subsec. (b) to restate provisions and replace “acts seasonably” with “exercises ordinary care” and replace “may be seasonable” with “may constitute the exercise of ordinary care” and amended Subsec. (c) to make technical changes and reposition “in the possession of others”.Cited. 230 C. 486; 232 C. 167.Cited. 32 CS 179.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-203 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-203 - Effect of instructions.

 Subject to section 42a-3-420 concerning conversion of instruments and section 42a-3-206 concerning restrictive endorsements, only a collecting bank's transferor can give instructions that affect the bank or constitute notice to it, and a collecting bank is not liable to prior parties for any action taken pursuant to the instructions or in accordance with any agreement with its transferor.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-203; P.A. 91-304, S. 81; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11, S. 20, 70.)History: P.A. 91-304 replaced reference to Sec. 42a-3-419 with reference to Sec. 42a-3-420, replaced “and the provisions of both article 3 and this article concerning restrictive endorsements” with “and restrictive endorsements (section 42a-3-206)” and made minor changes in wording; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11 made a technical change.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-204 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-204 - Methods of sending and presenting. Sending directly to payor bank.

 (a) A collecting bank shall send items by a reasonably prompt method, taking into consideration relevant instructions, the nature of the item, the number of those items on hand, the cost of collection involved, and the method generally used by it or others to present those items.(b) A collecting bank may send: (1) An item directly to the payor bank; (2) an item to a nonbank payor if authorized by its transferor; and (3) an item other than documentary drafts to a nonbank payor, if authorized by federal reserve regulation or operating circular, clearinghouse rule, or the like.(c) Presentment may be made by a presenting bank at a place where the payor bank or other payor has requested that presentment be made.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-204; 1963, P.A. 526, S. 9; P.A. 91-304, S. 82.)History: 1963 act added Subsec. (3) re making of presentment; P.A. 91-304 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators and alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators, amended Subsec. (a) to make minor changes in wording and punctuation, amended Subsec. (b) to make minor changes in wording and punctuation and replace “operating letter” with “operating circular” and amended Subsec. (c) to add “or other payor”.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-205 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-205 - Depositary bank holder of unendorsed item.

 If a customer delivers an item to a depositary bank for collection: (1) The depositary bank becomes a holder of the item at the time it receives the item for collection if the customer at the time of delivery was a holder of the item, whether or not the customer endorses the item, and, if the bank satisfies the other requirements of section 42a-3-302, it is a holder in due course; and (2) the depositary bank warrants to collecting banks, the payor bank or other payor, and the drawer that the amount of the item was paid to the customer or deposited to the customer's account.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-205; P.A. 91-304, S. 83.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re authority of a depositary bank to supply a customer's endorsement and the effect on an intermediary bank or payor bank which is not a depositary bank of a restrictive endorsement of a person other than the bank's immediate transferor with provisions re when a depositary bank becomes a holder and the warranty it gives when a customer delivers an item to such bank for collection.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-206 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-206 - Transfer between banks.

 Any agreed method that identifies the transferor bank is sufficient for the item's further transfer to another bank.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-206; P.A. 91-304, S. 84.)History: P.A. 91-304 replaced “which” with “that”.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-207 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-207 - Transfer warranties.

 (a) A customer or collecting bank that transfers an item and receives a settlement or other consideration warrants to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that: (1) The warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the item; (2) all signatures on the item are authentic and authorized; (3) the item has not been altered; (4) the item is not subject to a defense or claim in recoupment, as provided in subsection (a) of section 42a-3-305, of any party that can be asserted against the warrantor; and (5) the warrantor has no knowledge of any insolvency proceeding commenced with respect to the maker or acceptor or, in the case of an unaccepted draft, the drawer.(b) If an item is dishonored, a customer or collecting bank transferring the item and receiving settlement or other consideration is obliged to pay the amount due on the item (i) according to the terms of the item at the time it was transferred, or (ii) if the transfer was of an incomplete item, according to its terms when completed as stated in sections 42a-3-115 and 42a-3-407. The obligation of a transferor is owed to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that takes the item in good faith. A transferor cannot disclaim its obligation under this subsection by an endorsement stating that it is made “without recourse” or otherwise disclaiming liability.(c) A person to whom the warranties under subsection (a) are made and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, but not more than the amount of the item plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.(d) The warranties stated in subsection (a) cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within thirty days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the warrantor is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim.(e) A cause of action for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-207; P.A. 91-304, S. 85; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11, S. 21, 70.)History: P.A. 91-304 substantially revised section by deleting provisions re presentment warranties and rewriting provisions re transfer warranties, damages for breach of warranty, notice of a claim for breach of warranty and accrual of a cause of action for breach of warranty; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11 made a technical change in Subsec. (a).
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-209 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-209 - Encoding and retention warranties.

 (a) A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that the information is correctly encoded. If the customer of a depositary bank encodes, that bank also makes the warranty.(b) A person who undertakes to retain an item pursuant to an agreement for electronic presentment warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that retention and presentment of the item comply with the agreement. If a customer of a depositary bank undertakes to retain an item, that bank also makes this warranty.(c) A person to whom warranties are made under this section and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-209; P.A. 91-304, S. 87.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re when a bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course status with provisions re encoding and retention warranties and damages for breach of warranty.See Sec. 42a-4-211 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-209, revised to 1991, re when a bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course status.Cited. 205 C. 604.Bank may become holder in due course by provisionally crediting deposit against overdrawn account. 33 CS 641.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-210 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-210 - Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents and proceeds.

 (a) A collecting bank has a security interest in an item and any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either: (1) In case of an item deposited in an account, to the extent to which credit given for the item has been withdrawn or applied; (2) in case of an item for which it has given credit available for withdrawal as of right, to the extent of the credit given, whether or not the credit is drawn upon or there is a right of charge-back; or (3) if it makes an advance on or against the item.(b) If credit given for several items received at one time or pursuant to a single agreement is withdrawn or applied in part, the security interest remains upon all the items, and accompanying documents or the proceeds of either. For the purpose of this section, credits first given are first withdrawn.(c) Receipt by a collecting bank of a final settlement for an item is a realization on its security interest in the item, accompanying documents, and proceeds. So long as the bank does not receive final settlement for the item or give up possession of the item or possession or control of the accompanying documents for purposes other than collection, the security interest continues to that extent and is subject to article 9, but: (1) No security agreement is necessary to make the security interest enforceable, as provided in subsection (b)(3)(A) of section 42a-9-203; (2) no filing is required to perfect the security interest; and (3) the security interest has priority over conflicting perfected security interests in the item, accompanying documents or proceeds.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-210; P.A. 91-304, S. 88; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11, S. 22, 70; P.A. 01-132, S. 143; P.A. 04-64, S. 58.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re presentment by notice of item not payable by, through or at a bank and liability of secondary parties with provisions re security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents and proceeds, a restatement of Sec. 42a-4-208, revised to 1991; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11 made a technical change in Subsec. (c); P.A. 01-132 amended Subsec. (c) to replace reference to Sec. 42a-9-203(1)(a) with Sec. 42a-9-203(b)(3)(A); P.A. 04-64 amended Subsec. (c) by adding “possession or control of the” re accompanying documents to conform to revisions made to article 7 by the same act.See Sec. 42a-4-212 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-210, revised to 1991, re presentment by notice of item not payable by, through or at bank and liability of secondary parties.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-211 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-211 - When bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course.

 For purposes of determining its status as a holder in due course, a bank has given value to the extent it has a security interest in an item, if the bank otherwise complies with the requirements of section 42a-3-302 on what constitutes a holder in due course.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-211; P.A. 91-304, S. 89.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re media of remittance and provisional and final settlement in remittance cases with provisions re when a bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course status, a restatement of Sec. 42a-4-209, revised to 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-212 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-212 - Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through or at bank. Liability of drawer or endorser.

 (a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through, or at a bank by sending to the party to accept or pay a written notice that the bank holds the item for acceptance or payment. The notice must be sent in time to be received on or before the day when presentment is due and the bank must meet any requirement of the party to accept or pay under section 42a-3-501 by the close of the bank's next banking day after it knows of the requirement.(b) If presentment is made by notice and payment, acceptance, or request for compliance with a requirement under section 42a-3-501 is not received by the close of business on the day after maturity or, in the case of demand items, by the close of business on the third banking day after notice was sent, the presenting bank may treat the item as dishonored and charge any drawer or endorser by sending it notice of the facts.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-212; P.A. 91-304, S. 90.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re right of charge-back or refund with provisions re presentment by notice of item not payable by, through or at a bank and liability of drawer or endorser, a restatement of Sec. 42a-4-210, revised to 1991.See Sec. 42a-4-214 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-212, revised to 1991, re right of charge-back or refund.Cited. 32 CS 179.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-213 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-213 - Medium and time of settlement by bank.

 (a) With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Federal Reserve regulations or circulars, clearinghouse rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of such prescription: (1) The medium of settlement is cash or credit to an account in a Federal Reserve bank of or specified by the person to receive settlement; and (2) the time of settlement, is: (i) With respect to tender of settlement by cash, a cashier's check, or teller's check, when the cash or check is sent or delivered; (ii) with respect to tender of settlement by credit in an account in a Federal Reserve bank, when the credit is made; (iii) with respect to tender of settlement by a credit or debit to an account in a bank, when the credit or debit is made or, in the case of tender of settlement by authority to charge an account, when the authority is sent or delivered; or (iv) with respect to tender of settlement by a funds transfer, when payment is made pursuant to section 42a-4A-406(a) to the person receiving settlement.(b) If the tender of settlement is not by a medium authorized by subsection (a) or the time of settlement is not fixed by subsection (a), no settlement occurs until the tender of settlement is accepted by the person receiving settlement.(c) If settlement for an item is made by cashier's check or teller's check and the person receiving settlement, before its midnight deadline: (1) Presents or forwards the check for collection, settlement is final when the check is finally paid; or (2) fails to present or forward the check for collection, settlement is final at the midnight deadline of the person receiving settlement.(d) If settlement for an item is made by giving authority to charge the account of the bank giving settlement in the bank receiving settlement, settlement is final when the charge is made by the bank receiving settlement if there are funds available in the account for the amount of the item.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-213; P.A. 91-304, S. 91.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re final payment of item by payor bank, when provisional debits and credits become final and when certain credits become available for withdrawal with provisions re medium and time of settlement by bank.See Sec. 42a-4-215 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-213, revised to 1991, re final payment of item by payor bank, when provisional debits and credits become final and when certain credits become available for withdrawal.Cited. 230 C. 486; 232 C. 167.Cited. 2 CA 110.Cited. 39 CS 240.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-4-214 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 4 - Bank Deposits and Collections|Section 42a-4-214 - Right of charge-back or refund. Liability of collecting bank. Return of item.

 (a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive a settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, charge back the amount of any credit given for the item to its customer's account, or obtain refund from its customer, whether or not it is able to return the item, if by its midnight deadline or within a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts it returns the item or sends notification of the facts. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank's midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit, or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay. These rights to revoke, charge back, and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final.(b) A collecting bank returns an item when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to its instructions.(c) A depositary bank that is also the payor may charge back the amount of an item to its customer's account or obtain refund in accordance with section 42a-4-301 governing return of an item received by a payor bank for credit on its books.(d) The right to charge back is not affected by: (1) Previous use of a credit given for the item; or (2) failure by any bank to exercise ordinary care with respect to the item, but a bank so failing remains liable.(e) A failure to charge back or claim refund does not affect other rights of the bank against the customer or any other party.(f) If credit is given in dollars as the equivalent of the value of an item payable in foreign money, the dollar amount of any charge-back or refund must be calculated on the basis of the bank-offered spot rate for the foreign money prevailing on the day when the person entitled to the charge-back or refund learns that it will not receive payment in ordinary course.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 4-214; P.A. 91-304, S. 92; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11, S. 23, 70.)History: P.A. 91-304 entirely replaced former provisions re insolvency and preference with provisions re right of charge-back or refund, liability of a collecting bank and return of an item, a restatement of Sec. 42a-4-212, revised to 1991; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-11 made a technical change in Subsec. (c).See Sec. 42a-4-216 for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-4-214, revised to 1991, re insolvency and preference.Cited. 230 C. 486; 232 C. 167.