reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MI Comp L § 768.12 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.12 - Peremptory Challenge; Offense Not Punishable by Death or Life Imprisonment; Number.

768.12 Peremptory challenge; offense not punishable by death or life imprisonment; number.Sec. 12.  (1) A person who is put on trial for an offense that is not punishable by death or life imprisonment shall be allowed to challenge peremptorily 5 of the persons drawn to serve as jurors. In a case involving 2 or more defendants who are being jointly tried for an offense that is not punishable by death or life imprisonment, each of the defendants shall be allowed to challenge peremptorily 5 persons returned as jurors. The prosecuting officers on behalf of the people shall be allowed to challenge 5 jurors peremptorily if a defendant is being tried alone or, if defendants are tried jointly, shall be allowed the total number of peremptory challenges to which all the defendants are entitled.  (2) On motion and a showing of good cause, the court may grant 1 or more of the parties an increased number of peremptory challenges. The number of additional peremptory challenges the court grants may cause the various parties to have unequal numbers of peremptory challenges. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17305 ;-- CL 1948, 768.12 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 655, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 2007 Former Law: See section 58 of Ch. 103 of R.S. 1846, being CL 1857, § 4400; CL 1871, § 6027; How., § 7607; CL 1897, § 10238; CL 1915, § 14594; Act 147 of 1883; Sections 3 and 4 of Ch. 165 of R.S. 1846, being CL 1857, §§ 6070 and 6071; CL 1871, §§ 7949 and 7950; How., §§ 9561 and 9562; CL 1897, §§ 11944 and 11945; and CL 1915, §§ 15817 and 15818.
MI Comp L § 768.13 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.13 - Peremptory Challenge; Offense Punishable by Death or Life Imprisonment; Number.

768.13 Peremptory challenge; offense punishable by death or life imprisonment; number.Sec. 13.  (1) A person who is being tried alone for an offense punishable by death or imprisonment for life, shall be allowed to challenge peremptorily 12 of the persons drawn to serve as jurors. In a case punishable by death or imprisonment for life that involves 2 or more defendants, a defendant shall be allowed the following number of peremptory challenges:  (a) Two defendants – 10 each.  (b) Three defendants – 9 each.  (c) Four defendants – 8 each.  (d) Five or more defendants – 7 each.  (2) In a case punishable by death or imprisonment for life, the prosecuting officers on behalf of the people shall be allowed to challenge peremptorily 12 jurors if a defendant is being tried alone or, if defendants are tried jointly, shall be allowed the total number of peremptory challenges to which all the defendants are entitled.   (3) On motion and a showing of good cause, the court may grant 1 or more of the parties an increased number of peremptory challenges. The number of additional peremptory challenges the court grants may cause the various parties to have unequal numbers of peremptory challenges. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17306 ;-- CL 1948, 768.13 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 655, Imd. Eff. Jan. 9, 2007 Former Law: See section 5 of Ch. 165 of R.S. 1846, being CL 1857, § 6072; CL 1871, § 7951; How., § 9563; CL 1897, § 11946; CL 1915, § 15819; Act 72 of 1861; and Act 139 of 1883.
MI Comp L § 768.14 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.14 - Jurors; Form of Oath.

768.14 Jurors; form of oath. Sec. 14.  The following oath shall be administered to the jurors for the trial of all criminal cases: "You shall well and truly try, and true deliverance make, between the people of this state and the prisoner at bar, whom you shall have in charge, according to the evidence and the laws of this state; so help you God." History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17307 ;-- CL 1948, 768.14 Former Law: See section 7 of Ch. 165 of R.S. 1846, being CL 1857, § 6074; CL 1871, § 7953; How., § 9565; CL 1897, § 11948; and CL 1915, § 15821.
MI Comp L § 768.15 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.15 - Jurors; Affirmation in Lieu of Oath.

768.15 Jurors; affirmation in lieu of oath.  Sec. 15.  Any juror shall be allowed to make affirmation, substituting the words "This you do under the pains and penalties of perjury" instead of the words "so help you God." History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17308 ;-- CL 1948, 768.15 Former Law: See section 8 of Ch. 165 of R.S. 1846, being CL 1857, § 6075; CL 1871, § 7954; How., § 9566; CL 1897, § 11949; and CL 1915, §15822.
MI Comp L § 768.16 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.16 - Jurors; Liberty; Oath and Duty of Officer in Charge.

768.16 Jurors; liberty; oath and duty of officer in charge. Sec. 16.  The jurors sworn to try a criminal action in any court of record in this state, may, at any time before the cause is submitted to the jury, in the discretion of the court, be permitted to separate or to be kept in charge of proper officers. When an order shall have been entered by the court in which such action is being tried, directing said jurors to be kept in charge of such officers, the following oath shall be administered by the clerk of the court to said officers: "You do solemnly swear that you will, to the utmost of your ability, keep the persons sworn as jurors on this trial from separating from each other; that you will not suffer any communication to be made to them, or any of them, orally or otherwise; that you will not communicate with them, or any of them, orally or otherwise, except by the order of this court, or to ask them if they have agreed on their verdict, until they shall be discharged; and that you will not, before they render their verdict, communicate to any person the state of their deliberations or the verdict they have agreed upon, so help you God." And thereafter it shall be the duty of the officer so sworn to keep the jury from separating, or from receiving any communication of any character, until they shall have rendered their verdict, except under a special instruction in writing from the trial judge. After the jurors retire to consider their verdict, the court may permit the jurors to separate temporarily, whenever in his judgment such a separation is deemed proper: Provided, That in cases where separation of the members of a jury is now forbidden by law, the authority hereby granted shall not extend to permitting separation of the members of the jury of the same sex. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17309 ;-- CL 1948, 768.16 Former Law: See section 1 of Act 176 of 1893, being CL 1897, § 11960; CL 1915, § 15833; and Act 4 of 1909.
MI Comp L § 768.17 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.17 - Jurors; Medical Attendance; Use of Newspapers and Letters.

768.17 Jurors; medical attendance; use of newspapers and letters. Sec. 17.  The trial judge may order, in case of illness of any jurors mentioned in the preceding section, that such juror may receive medical attendance, and may be removed to his home or some other place agreeable to the judge during the continuance of his illness; and that any of the jurors may receive such newspapers and letters as make no mention of the trial then in progress, or of any facts connected therewith, which shall first be inspected by the said judge. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17310 ;-- CL 1948, 768.17 Former Law: See section 2 of Act 176 of 1893, being CL 1897, § 11961; and CL 1915, § 15834.
MI Comp L § 768.18 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.18 - Jury; Impaneling; Number of Members; Qualifications; Excusing Jurors; Reducing Jury to 12 Members.

768.18 Jury; impaneling; number of members; qualifications; excusing jurors; reducing jury to 12 members. Sec. 18.  (1) Any judge of a court of record in this state about to try a felony case which is likely to be protracted, may order a jury impaneled of not to exceed 14 members, who shall have the same qualifications and shall be impaneled in the same manner as is, or may be, provided by law for impaneling juries in such courts. All of those jurors shall sit and hear the cause. Should any condition arise during the trial of the cause which in the opinion of the trial court justifies the excusal of any of the jurors so impaneled from further service, he may do so and the trial shall proceed, unless the number of jurors be reduced to less than 12. In the event that more than 12 jurors are left on the jury after the charge of the court, the clerk of the court in the presence of the trial judge shall place the names of all of the jurors on slips, folded so as to conceal the names thereon, in a suitable box provided for that purpose, and shall draw therefrom the names of a sufficient number to reduce the jury to 12 members who shall then proceed to determine the issue presented in the manner provided by law. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17311 ;-- CL 1948, 768.18 ;-- Am. 1974, Act 63, Eff. May 1, 1974 Compiler's Notes: This section is a substantial reenactment of Act 56 of 1923. Section 2 of Act 63 of 1974 provides:“Effective date.“Section 2. To give judges, prosecutors, and defense counsel a reasonable opportunity to become aware of and familiar with the time periods and sequence prescribed in this amendatory act and the effects of noncompliance, sections 20 and 21 of chapter 8 of Act No. 175 of the Public Acts of 1927, being sections 768.20 and 768.21 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, as amended by this amendatory act shall take effect May 1, 1974, and apply to cases in which the arraignment on an information occurs on or after that date. The other provisions of this amendatory act shall take effect May 1, 1974 and apply to offenses committed on or after that date.”
MI Comp L § 768.19 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.19 - Perjury; Acts of Officer Under Oath.

768.19 Perjury; acts of officer under oath.  Sec. 19.  Any officer having taken an oath required by any provision of this chapter who shall knowingly and wilfully violate the same or permit the same to be violated, shall, on conviction thereof, be adjudged guilty of the crime of perjury and subject to all the pains and penalties thereof.  History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17312 ;-- CL 1948, 768.19 Former Law: See section 3 of Act 176 of 1893, being CL 1897, § 11962; and CL 1915, § 15835.
MI Comp L § 768.21 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.21 - Failure to File and Serve Notices or to State Names of Witnesses With Particularity; Exclusion of Evidence.

768.21 Failure to file and serve notices or to state names of witnesses with particularity; exclusion of evidence. Sec. 21.  (1) If the defendant fails to file and serve the written notice prescribed in section 20 or 20a, the court shall exclude evidence offered by the defendant for the purpose of establishing an alibi or the insanity of the defendant. If the notice given by the defendant does not state, as particularly as is known to the defendant or the defendant's attorney, the name of a witness to be called in behalf of the defendant to establish a defense specified in section 20 or 20a, the court shall exclude the testimony of a witness which is offered by the defendant for the purpose of establishing that defense.  (2) If the prosecuting attorney fails to file and serve a notice of rebuttal upon the defendant as provided in section 20 or 20a, the court shall exclude evidence offered by the prosecution in rebuttal to the defendant's evidence relevant to a defense specified in section 20 or 20a. If the notice given by the prosecuting attorney does not state, as particularly as is known to the prosecuting attorney, the name of a witness to be called in rebuttal of the defense of alibi or insanity, the court shall exclude the testimony of a witness which is offered by the prosecuting attorney for the purpose of rebutting that defense. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17314 ;-- CL 1948, 768.21 ;-- Am. 1974, Act 63, Eff. May 1, 1974 ;-- Am. 1975, Act 180, Eff. Aug. 6, 1975 ;-- Am. 1976, Act 51, Imd. Eff. Mar. 21, 1976 Compiler's Notes: Section 2 of Act 63 of 1974 provides:“Section 2. To give judges, prosecutors, and defense counsel a reasonable opportunity to become aware of and familiar with the time periods and sequence prescribed in this amendatory act and the effects of noncompliance, sections 20 and 21 of chapter 8 of Act No. 175 of the Public Acts of 1927, being sections 768.20 and 768.21 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, as amended by this amendatory act shall take effect May 1, 1974, and apply to cases in which the arraignment on an information occurs on or after that date. The other provisions of this amendatory act shall take effect May 1, 1974 and apply to offenses committed on or after that date.”
MI Comp L § 768.21a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.21a - Persons Deemed Legally Insane; Burden of Proof.

768.21a Persons deemed legally insane; burden of proof.Sec. 21a.  (1) It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution for a criminal offense that the defendant was legally insane when he or she committed the acts constituting the offense. An individual is legally insane if, as a result of mental illness as defined in section 400 of the mental health code, 1974 PA 258, MCL 330.1400, or as a result of having an intellectual disability as defined in section 100b of the mental health code, 1974 PA 258, MCL 330.1100b, that person lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of his or her conduct or to conform his or her conduct to the requirements of the law. Mental illness or having an intellectual disability does not otherwise constitute a defense of legal insanity.  (2) An individual who was under the influence of voluntarily consumed or injected alcohol or controlled substances at the time of his or her alleged offense is not considered to have been legally insane solely because of being under the influence of the alcohol or controlled substances.  (3) The defendant has the burden of proving the defense of insanity by a preponderance of the evidence. History: Add. 1975, Act 180, Eff. Aug. 6, 1975 ;-- Am. 1994, Act 56, Eff. Oct. 1, 1994 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 76, Imd. Eff. Mar. 28, 2014
MI Comp L § 768.21c (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.21c - Use of Deadly Force by Individual in Own Dwelling; "Dwelling" Defined.

768.21c Use of deadly force by individual in own dwelling; "dwelling" defined.Sec. 21c.  (1) In cases in which section 2 of the self-defense act does not apply, the common law of this state applies except that the duty to retreat before using deadly force is not required if an individual is in his or her own dwelling or within the curtilage of that dwelling.  (2) As used in this section, "dwelling" means a structure or shelter that is used permanently or temporarily as a place of abode, including an appurtenant structure attached to that structure or shelter. History: Add. 2006, Act 313, Eff. Oct. 1, 2006
MI Comp L § 768.22 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.22 - Rules of Evidence; Applicability of Criminal and Quasi Criminal Proceedings; Evidence of Prior Conviction.

768.22 Rules of evidence; applicability of criminal and quasi criminal proceedings; evidence of prior conviction. Sec. 22.  (1) The rules of evidence in civil actions, insofar as the same are applicable, shall govern in all criminal and quasi criminal proceedings except as otherwise provided by law.  (2) In prosecutions charging a second or subsequent offense under Act No. 300 of the Public Acts of 1949, as amended, being sections 257.1 to 257.923 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, a certification by a judge or clerk of a court under the seal of the court of a prior conviction for the same offense is admissible and is prima facie evidence of the fact of conviction. The certification shall include the person's full name, address, date of birth, operator's or chauffeur's license number and vehicle registration number, if such information is available to the person so certifying, and the dates of the offense and the conviction thereof. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17315 ;-- CL 1948, 768.22 ;-- Am. 1967, Act 44, Eff. Nov. 2, 1967 Former Law: See Act 208 of 1917.
MI Comp L § 768.23 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.23 - Exception; Necessity of Taking.

768.23 Exception; necessity of taking. Sec. 23.  It shall not be necessary in the trial of any criminal cause to except to any ruling or action of the court, if an objection thereto was fully made but an exception shall be deemed to follow as a matter of course.  History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17316 ;-- CL 1948, 768.23 Former Law: See section 2 of Ch. 166 of R.S. 1846, being CL 1857, § 6083; CL 1871, § 7964; How., § 9577; CL 1897, § 11964; CL 1915, §15837; and Act 79 of 1885.
MI Comp L § 768.24 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.24 - Evidence; Leading Question.

768.24 Evidence; leading question. Sec. 24.  Within the discretion of the court no question asked of a witness shall be deemed objectionable solely because it is leading. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17317 ;-- CL 1948, 768.24
MI Comp L § 768.25 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.25 - Evidence; Proof of Signature.

768.25 Evidence; proof of signature. Sec. 25.  Whenever in the trial of any criminal case it shall be necessary or proper to prove the signature of any person, it shall be competent to introduce in evidence for the purpose of comparison, any specimen or specimens of the handwriting or signature of such person, admitted or proved to the satisfaction of the court to be genuine, whether or not the paper on which such handwriting or signature appears is one in evidence or connected with the case or not. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17318 ;-- CL 1948, 768.25
MI Comp L § 768.26 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.26 - Evidence; Use of Former Testimony; Deposition for Defendant.

768.26 Evidence; use of former testimony; deposition for defendant. Sec. 26.  Testimony taken at an examination, preliminary hearing, or at a former trial of the case, or taken by deposition at the instance of the defendant, may be used by the prosecution whenever the witness giving such testimony can not, for any reason, be produced at the trial, or whenever the witness has, since giving such testimony become insane or otherwise mentally incapacitated to testify. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17319 ;-- CL 1948, 768.26
MI Comp L § 768.27 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.27 - Evidence; Proof of Intent or Motive by Similar Acts.

768.27 Evidence; proof of intent or motive by similar acts. Sec. 27.  In any criminal case where the defendant's motive, intent, the absence of, mistake or accident on his part, or the defendant's scheme, plan or system in doing an act, is material, any like acts or other acts of the defendant which may tend to show his motive, intent, the absence of, mistake or accident on his part, or the defendant's scheme, plan or system in doing the act, in question, may be proved, whether they are contemporaneous with or prior or subsequent thereto; notwithstanding that such proof may show or tend to show the commission of another or prior or subsequent crime by the defendant. History: 1927, Act 175, Eff. Sept. 5, 1927 ;-- CL 1929, 17320 ;-- CL 1948, 768.27
MI Comp L § 768.27a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapters 760 - 777 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Act 175 of 1927 - The Code of Criminal Procedure (760.1 - 777.69)|175-1927-VIII - Chapter VIII Trials (768.1...768.37)|Section 768.27a - Evidence That Defendant Committed Another Listed Offense Against Minor; Admissibility; Disclosure of Evidence to Defendant; Definitions.

768.27a Evidence that defendant committed another listed offense against minor; admissibility; disclosure of evidence to defendant; definitions.Sec. 27a.  (1) Notwithstanding section 27, in a criminal case in which the defendant is accused of committing a listed offense against a minor, evidence that the defendant committed another listed offense against a minor is admissible and may be considered for its bearing on any matter to which it is relevant. If the prosecuting attorney intends to offer evidence under this section, the prosecuting attorney shall disclose the evidence to the defendant at least 15 days before the scheduled date of trial or at a later time as allowed by the court for good cause shown, including the statements of witnesses or a summary of the substance of any testimony that is expected to be offered.  (2) As used in this section:  (a) "Listed offense" means that term as defined in section 2 of the sex offenders registration act, 1994 PA 295, MCL 28.722.  (b) "Minor" means an individual less than 18 years of age. History: Add. 2005, Act 135, Eff. Jan. 1, 2006