reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
WV Code § 37-1-2 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-2. Sale, Lease or Mortgage; Bill; Parties; Definition

If the guardian of any minor, or the committee of any insane person or convict, think that the interest of the ward or insane person or convict will be promoted by a lease or by a mortgage or by a trust deed upon or by a sale of his estates, or of an estate in which he is interested with others, infants or adults; or if the trustee of any estate, or any person interested in any estate in trust, whether he be interested with others or not, think the interest of those for whom the estate is held will be promoted by a lease of the same, mortgage or trust deed upon the same, or a sale thereof; such guardian, committee, trustee, or beneficiary, whether the estate of the minor or insane person or convict, or any of the persons interested, be absolute or limited, and whether there be or be not limited thereon any other estate, vested or contingent, and whether the guardian, committee or trustee, or the minor, insane person, convict, or any of the persons interested, reside in this state or not, may, for the purpose of obtaining such sale, lease, mortgage or trust deed, file a bill in equity in the circuit court of the county in which the estate proposed to be leased, sold or encumbered by mortgage or trust deed or some part thereof may be, stating plainly all of the estate, real and personal, belonging to such infant or insane person or convict, or so held in trust, and all of the facts calculated to show the propriety of the sale, lease, mortgage, or trust deed. The bill shall be verified by the oath of the plaintiff; and the infant or insane person or convict, or the beneficiaries in such trust, when not plaintiffs, and all others interested, shall be made defendants. The word "lease" as used in this article shall include any mining or timber lease or any lease of any profit in land, and the word "sale" shall include the sale of any undivided interest, or any part of the corpus of land, or anything in or growing upon land.
WV Code § 37-1-3 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-3. Guardian Ad Litem

A guardian ad litem shall be appointed for minors under the age of eighteen, inmates and protected persons subject to the requirements of section five, article three, chapter forty-four-a of this code. The guardian ad litem shall answer the petition under oath, be present at any summary proceeding or hearing and inform the court whether the sale of property is in the best interests of the minor, inmate or protected person. Minors over the age of fourteen may answer in person as well.
WV Code § 37-1-4 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-4. Depositions

No deposition shall be read in the suit against any infant or insane or convict party, except by leave of the court, unless it be taken in the presence of the guardian ad litem or upon interrogatories agreed on by him
WV Code § 37-1-5 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-5. Decree

If it be clearly shown, independently of any admissions in the answers, that the interest of the infant, insane person, convict or beneficiaries in the trust, as the case may be, will be promoted, and the court be of the opinion that the rights of no person will be violated thereby, it may decree that such estate or any part thereof be sold, leased, mortgaged or encumbered by a trust deed, on such conditions and upon such terms as to the court shall seem to the best interests of such infant, insane person, convict or beneficiary in a trust, as the case may be, and in case the sale of such land is decreed, the purchaser, when the sale is on credit, shall be required to give ample security, and, if the sale be of real estate, a lien shall be retained thereon to secure the payment of the purchase money.
WV Code § 37-1-6 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-6. Who Not to Be Purchaser

At such sale the guardian, or guardian ad litem, or committee, or trustee, shall not be a purchaser, directly or indirectly.
WV Code § 37-1-7 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-7. Investment of Proceeds

The proceeds of sale shall be invested under the direction of the court, for the use and benefit of the persons entitled to the estate, and, in case of a trust estate, subject to the uses, limitations, and conditions contained in the writing creating the trust. But into whosesoever hands such proceeds may be placed, the court shall take ample security and from time to time require additional security, if necessary, and make any other proper orders for the faithful application of the fund, and for the management and preservation of any property, or securities in which the same may be invested, and for the protection of the rights of all persons interested therein, whether such rights be vested or contingent.
WV Code § 37-1-8 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-8. Joinder of Spouse, or Sale Free of Dower

When a decree or order is made under this article, or under article nine, chapter twenty-seven of this code, for the sale or other conveyance of the real estate of an insane or infant or convict spouse, the other spouse may, if he or she think fit, join in the conveyance and thereby release dower and shall in such case, if he or she so demand, receive out of the proceeds of sale the value of his or her inchoate dower, computed according to the provisions of article two, chapter forty-three of this code, or such land may be sold free and clear of inchoate dower under the provisions of section five, article one, chapter forty- three of this code.
WV Code § 37-1-9 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-9. Release of Dower Under Order of Court; Conveyance Without Joinder of Spouse

If the spouse of an infant or insane or convict husband or wife wish to sell real estate and to have the right of dower of such incompetent therein released to the purchaser, he or she may petition for that purpose the circuit court of the county in which such estate or some part thereof is, and if it appear to the court to be proper, an order may be made for the execution of such a release of dower, by a commissioner to be appointed by the court for the purpose, which release shall be effectual to pass such right of dower. And in making such order the court shall secure to such infant or insane or convict spouse, a sum in gross, computed according to the provisions of article two, chapter forty-three of this code as compensation for such right of dower.
WV Code § 37-1-10 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-10. Proceeds of Sale to Descend as Lands

What may be received under this article for the real estate of an infant or insane person, sold or divided, or so much thereof as may remain at his death intestate, shall, if he continue till his death incapable of making a will, pass to those who would have been entitled to the land if it had not been so sold or divided.
WV Code § 37-1-11 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-11. Summary Proceedings for Sale, Lease or Mortgage; Petition; Notice

In addition to the proceedings authorized by section two of this article, the guardian of any minor, or the committee of any insane person or convict, if he deem that the interests of his ward or insane person or convict will be promoted by a sale, lease or mortgage of, or trust deed upon, his estate, or of any estate in which he with others, infants or adults, is interested, whether the estate of the minor, or insane person or convict, or of any of the other persons interested, be absolute or limited, and whether there be or be not limited thereon any other estate, vested or contingent, may apply by petition, in a summary way, to the circuit court, or to the judge thereof in vacation, or to any court of concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit court, or to the judge thereof in vacation, or to any juvenile court, or to the judge thereof in vacation, of the county in which the estate proposed to be sold, leased, or encumbered, or some part thereof may be, describing all the estate, real and personal, belonging to the minor, or insane person or convict and setting forth plainly all the facts calculated to show the propriety of the sale, lease, mortgage, or deed of trust. The petition shall be verified by the oath of the plaintiff, and all persons interested shall be made defendants, and ten days' notice shall be given to such defendants before such petition can be heard: Provided, That any notice or service required by this section to be made upon any infant under fourteen years of age shall be made by delivering a copy of such notice and petition to his guardian resident in this state; or, if there be no such guardian, then either to his father or mother if they be found. If there is no such guardian and if the father or mother cannot be found, service of such notice and petition shall be made upon a guardian ad litem appointed in the manner provided by law.
WV Code § 37-1-11a (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-11a. Jurisdiction of Court in Proceedings Under Article; Process; Investment Not Required if Funds Unavailable

In any suit or proceeding under this article the court shall have jurisdiction to hear, decide and dispose of any matter which involves the property or welfare of any person under legal disability who may be a party to a suit or proceeding, which matter, but for this section, would otherwise be the subject of a separate suit, or suits, under section thirteen, article ten, chapter forty-four of this code. Rules of equity governing service of process generally shall apply to all proceedings under this article, and section seven of this article shall not require the investment of funds of any person under disability in those cases where such funds, as a result of the court's action, may not be available for such purpose.
WV Code § 37-1-12 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-12. Guardian Ad Litem in Summary Proceeding

For every such minor or insane person or convict the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem who must be present at the hearing of the summary proceeding mentioned in the preceding section.
WV Code § 37-1-13 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-13. Order; Sale

If it be clearly shown by the petition, exhibits, and evidence adduced, that the interest of the minor or insane person or convict will be promoted by the sale, lease or encumbrance by mortgage or trust deed, and the court be of opinion that the rights of no person will be affected thereby, it may order such estate, or any part thereof, to be sold, lease, or encumbered by mortgage or trust deed; and in such manner and on such terms and in such parcels as may be deemed most beneficial to the minor or insane person or convict; and, in case the same be decreed to be sold, shall take from the purchaser bond, with ample security, when the sale is on credit. And, in case of sale or lease, the same may be decreed to be made either at public or private sale or lease. At such sale or lease neither the guardian, committee, nor guardian ad litem shall be a purchaser directly or indirectly. But no estate of any minor or insane person or convict shall be sold contrary to the provisions of any will or conveyance by which such estate was devised or granted to such person, if such provision would be valid if contained in a conveyance or devise to a person sui juris.
WV Code § 37-1-14 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-14. Bond for Proceeds

In case such sale or lease be made, the guardian or committee shall enter into bond, with approved security, conditioned for the faithful application of the proceeds of sale or lease. And in case of a mortgage or trust deed such guardian or committee shall enter into bond, with approved security, conditioned for the faithful application of any moneys which may come into his hands from the encumbrancing. In either case such bonds shall be taken in open court, or before the judge in vacation, or before the clerk, and shall be payable to the state, in such penalty as shall be prescribed by the court; and the court may thereafter order a new bond, with other security, to be given if deemed necessary. If the court shall find that the bond already given by the guardian or committee is sufficient, no additional bond need be required.
WV Code § 37-1-15 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-15. Application of Proceeds; Costs

The provisions of section seven of this article shall govern as to the application of the proceeds of sale. The cost of the proceedings may be paid out of such proceeds, but no attorney's fee shall be taxed therein, except where, in the discretion of the court, it be reasonable and just.
WV Code § 37-1-16 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-16. Confirmation; Conveyance

Whenever a sale, lease, mortgage or trust deed is ordered as herein provided, the court shall order the proceedings under such sale, lease, mortgage or trust deed, to be reported for confirmation; and, in case of sale, may direct a conveyance with covenant of special warranty to be made by the guardian, the committee or a commissioner. And every such conveyance shall be as effectual in law as if the same were made by the minor when of lawful age, or by the insane if compos mentis, or by the convict if competent; and, in case of a lease, the court shall direct the same to be made by the guardian or committee applying for the same, and to be reported to the court for confirmation. And, in case of a mortgage or trust deed, the guardian or committee, as the case may be, shall report to the court in full particulars concerning the making of such mortgage or trust deed and the moneys received under the same.
WV Code § 37-1-17 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 1. Lands of Infants, Insane Persons, or Convicts, and Lands Held in Trust|§37-1-17. Validation of Certain Sales

No sale of the real estate of an infant, convict, or insane person, heretofore made and confirmed, under and by the judgment, order or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, nor any conveyance of such real estate made or to be made under any such judgment, order, or decree, and no lease, mortgage, or trust deed upon the real estate of any such person, heretofore made under any such judgment, order or decree, shall in any manner be affected or invalidated by reason of the bill or petition in the case not having been verified, or by reason of the persons who would be the heirs or distributees of such infant, convict or insane person, if he were dead, not having been made parties to the suit or proceedings, or by reason of any other error or defect in the proceeding or deed, not affecting the very right of the case, or by reason of any action of the court in dealing with, in such suit or proceedings, matters which would otherwise have been the subject matter of a separate suit under section thirteen, article ten, chapter forty-four of this code. All such sales and conveyances are hereby legalized and made valid; and all such leases, mortgages and deeds of trust, heretofore made, or to be made under any such judgment, order or decree in those cases where the welfare and property of the person under legal disability has been sufficiently protected are hereby legalized and made valid. Sales, leases, mortgages, or deeds of trust heretofore made pursuant to judgments, orders or decrees in suits or proceedings under this article shall not hereafter be invalidated for the reason that the court, in disposing of the case, failed to require such persons, property and estate to be burdened with the expense of a separate suit or proceedings under section thirteen, of article ten, of chapter forty-four of this code, where it appears from the record that the court did adequately protect the welfare and property of the person under legal disability.
WV Code § 37-2-2 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2. Escheats|§37-2-2. Escheat of Equitable Interests

An estate vested in a person merely by way of mortgage or trust shall not escheat by reason of the mortgagee or trustee dying without heirs but any equitable title to or interest in lands shall escheat or be forfeited in the same manner as it would if the person having the equitable had the legal title.
WV Code § 37-2-3 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2. Escheats|§37-2-3. Tenants of Escheated Land

If any person holds any escheated land or personal property for a term of years, or for life, or has a right to any rent or other profit or has any other interest whatever in such land, he shall hold and enjoy his lease, rent, profit or other interest, and any sale of such land as escheated land, under the provisions of article three of this chapter, shall be made subject to such lease, rent, profit, or other interest.
WV Code § 37-2-4 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2. Escheats|§37-2-4. Escheator

The assessor of each county shall by virtue of his office be the escheator of such county.
WV Code § 37-2-5 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2. Escheats|§37-2-5. List of Land by Escheator

Each escheator shall annually, in September, prepare a list of all lands within his county, of which any person shall have died owning an estate of inheritance, intestate and without any known heir, or to which no person is known by him to be entitled, and transmit such list to the commissioner of school lands of his county, according to the provisions of section seven, article three of this chapter. If the state tax commissioner shall be of the opinion that other lands, not included by the escheator in such list, should be so included, and shall so advise the escheator, in writing, the escheator shall place such lands upon such list.
WV Code § 37-2A-1 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2A. Public Land Corporation of West Virginia|§37-2A-1. To 37-2a-9

Repealed.Acts, 1961 Reg. Sess., Ch. 133.
WV Code § 37-2B-1 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2B. Redemption Of, and Clarification of Title To, Real Property Formerly Held for Religious, Charitable and Educational Purposes and Improperly Exempted From Taxes|§37-2B-1. Compromise of State's Claims

The Auditor, in his capacity as commissioner of forfeited and delinquent lands, is hereby authorized to compromise all claims of the state against all real property, including undivided interests therein, which, heretofore, may have been exempted from taxation and carried upon the land books of any county as tax-exempt property, or which may have been exempted from taxation as religious, charitable or educational property regardless of the form of assessment or entry insofar as the state may now have any claim thereto and the property, or any part thereof, or interest therein has not been transferred to others by operation of section 3, article XIII of the Constitution of West Virginia, upon payment to him of the sum of $1 for each year that any parcel, lot, tract or interest, heretofore exempted as aforesaid, may have been exempted or carried as exempt property upon the land books of any county prior to the year one thousand nine hundred forty-five. The Auditor, as such commissioner, is hereby authorized to establish and provide administrative procedure for handling of such cases; and to design, procure and keep and maintain such records concerning his transactions under this article as sound business practice may demand, and charge the cost thereof to appropriations for the operation of his office and the proceeds of redemption hereunder.
WV Code § 37-2B-2 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2B. Redemption Of, and Clarification of Title To, Real Property Formerly Held for Religious, Charitable and Educational Purposes and Improperly Exempted From Taxes|§37-2B-2. Auditor's Receipt for Redemption; Receipt as Release and Discharge From Taxes; Recordation

The Auditor shall issue his receipt for redemptions made under the preceding section. Such receipt shall operate as a full and complete discharge and release of the property described therein from any and all claims on account of direct property taxes imposed or imposable by the State of West Virginia, or any of its subdivisions, or agencies of every kind and character for each and every year covered by such receipt, and shall release and return to the owner of the property described such title as may have been in the state at the time such receipt is issued free and acquit of all claims of the state, or any of its subdivisions for the year or years covered by such receipt. Such receipts shall be recordable in the deed books of the proper counties, and once recorded shall constitute notice to all persons of the facts recited therein.
WV Code § 37-2B-3 (2021)
2021 West Virginia Code|Chapter 37. Real Property|Article 2B. Redemption Of, and Clarification of Title To, Real Property Formerly Held for Religious, Charitable and Educational Purposes and Improperly Exempted From Taxes|§37-2B-3. Entry and Back-Taxing of Property After Redemption

In every case where the Auditor provides for redemption under this article he shall, where such redemption is made prior to January 1, 1947, direct the assessor to enter and back-tax such property, as other property should be entered and back-taxed for the assessment year 1945 and each and every year thereafter in which the same has not properly appeared upon the land books of such county. In those cases where redemption is made after January 1, 1947, he shall extend and collect taxes at proper valuations and rates for all assessment years after the year 1945. No compromise shall be made under the authority of this article for direct property taxes for the year 1945 or thereafter: Provided, however, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the Auditor from redetermining value and taxes for the year 1945 and thereafter in the manner otherwise provided for by law in case of redemption of property which may have been sold to the state for nonpayment of taxes, or be delinquent, or forfeit for nonentry.