reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 44-12-153 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-153. Tender of Property and Hire; Effect on Costs

 In actions for the recovery of personal property, if the defendant disclaims all title and tenders the property to the plaintiff when he files his answer, together with reasonable hire for the same since the conversion, the costs of the action shall be paid by the plaintiff unless he proves a previous demand of the defendant and a refusal to deliver.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2989; Code 1868, § 3002; Code 1873, § 3057; Code 1882, § 3057; Civil Code 1895, § 3897; Civil Code 1910, § 4494; Code 1933, § 107-104.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18 Am. Jur. 2d, Conversion, § 93.   C.J.S.   - 89 C.J.S., Trover and Conversion, § 186.   ALR.    - Mere detention of or failure to deliver chattels after demand as conversion, 129 A.L.R. 638.
GA Code § 44-12-154 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-154. Setoff and Recoupment in Action Involving Purchase Money Contract; Judgment; Lien of Defendant

 When personal property is sold and the vendor retains the title until all the purchase money is paid, if the vendor or his assigns shall bring an action to recover the possession of such personal property, the defendant in the action may plead as a setoff any demand or claim that he may have against the plaintiff or may recoup any damages that he has sustained by reason of any failure of consideration, any defects in the personal property, or any breach of contract by the plaintiff whereby the defendant has in any way been injured or damaged. If the plaintiff elects to take a money judgment for the value of the property, the amount of the setoff or damages allowed the defendant by the jury shall be deducted from the value of the property and the amount allowed for the hire or use thereof and the plaintiff shall only recover the excess; but, if the amount of the setoff or damages allowed the defendant shall exceed the value of the property and the hire thereof, the defendant shall have judgment against the plaintiff for such excess. If the plaintiff elects to take a judgment for the property, the amount allowed the defendant as the setoff or damages shall be a lien on such property superior to all other liens except liens for taxes.   (Ga. L. 1903, p. 84, § 1; Civil Code 1910, § 4484; Code 1933, § 107-102.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18 Am. Jur. 2d, Conversion, § 89.   C.J.S.   - 89 C.J.S., Trover and Conversion, §§ 180, 189.   ALR.    - Indebtedness of plaintiff to defendant or latter's claim of indebtedness as defense or mitigation of damages in civil action for conversion or replevin, 100 A.L.R. 1376.    Right of conditional buyer to maintain action for conversion and damages recoverable as affected by defendant's recognition conditional seller's title or rights, 116 A.L.R. 904.
GA Code § 44-12-155 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-155. Alternative Verdict; Effect as First Lien Pending Payment of Judgment

 An alternative verdict in an action of trover vests the title to the property in the plaintiff to the extent that until the judgment is paid by the defendant such judgment shall constitute the first lien on the property to the exclusion of all other claims whatsoever.   (Laws 1830, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 500; Code 1863, § 3012; Code 1868, § 3024; Code 1873, § 3079; Code 1882, § 3079; Civil Code 1895, § 3920; Civil Code 1910, § 4517; Code 1933, § 107-106.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Judgment in replevin as implying a direction for return of property, 144 A.L.R. 1149.
GA Code § 44-12-156 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-156. Effect of Judgment for Damages in Trover; Priority

 When a verdict for damages is rendered in favor of a plaintiff in trover and a judgment is entered thereon, the verdict and judgment shall not have the effect of changing the property which is the subject matter of the action or of vesting the same in the defendant in the action until after the damages and costs recovered by the plaintiff in the action are paid off and discharged. However, the verdict and judgment shall subject the property to sale under and by virtue of an execution issuing upon the judgment in the action of trover and shall make the property liable to the payment of the damages and costs recovered in the action in preference to any other judgment, order, or decree against the defendant in such action.   (Laws 1830, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 499; Code 1863, § 3504; Code 1868, § 3527; Code 1873, § 3585; Code 1882, § 3585; Civil Code 1895, § 5358; Civil Code 1910, § 5953; Code 1933, § 110-514.)
GA Code § 44-12-157 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-157. Effect of Destruction of or Injury to Property on Defendant's Liability

 Pending a trover action, the death or destruction of or material injury to the property in dispute shall be no defense to a mere wrongdoer. If the defendant is a bona fide claimant and the injury arises from an act of God and is in no way the result of the defendant's conduct, the jury may take the death, destruction, or material injury of the property into consideration; but in no case shall such an event cast the costs upon the plaintiff.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3011; Code 1868, § 3023; Code 1882, § 3078; Civil Code 1895, § 3919; Civil Code 1910, § 4516; Code 1933, § 107-107.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18 Am. Jur. 2d, Conversion, § 55.   C.J.S.   - 89 C.J.S., Trover and Conversion, § 83.
GA Code § 44-12-158 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-158. Fees and Costs When $100.00 or Less Is Involved

 In an action of trover or bail trover where the principal amount is $100.00 or less or where the value of the property sought to be recovered is $100.00 or less, the costs in such an action of trover or bail trover in the trial court shall be $5.00 which shall be equally divided to cover the services of the clerk of the court and the sheriff; provided, however, that the sheriff may also collect the additional amount of costs as provided by law for serving subpoenas upon witnesses; and provided, further, that clerks of the superior courts shall be entitled to receive the same fees as in other civil cases for performing the duties required of them in cases of trover or bail trover regardless of the amount involved in such cases of trover or bail trover.   (Ga. L. 1924, p. 85, § 1; Code 1933, § 107-207; Ga. L. 1972, p. 664, § 3.)
GA Code § 44-12-170 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 2 - Bail in Trover Proceedings|§ 44-12-170. Sale of Perishable or Other Property in Absence of Replevy; Amount of Money Verdict for Plaintiff

 Whenever any officer has taken possession of any property under process in any case of trover and the property remains in the hands of the officer because neither the plaintiff nor the defendant replevies the property, if the property is of a perishable nature or liable to deterioration from keeping or if there is expense involved in keeping the property, the property may be sold under Code Section 9-13-163; provided, however, if the property is sold, the plaintiff, in case of recovery, shall be entitled only to a money verdict for the amount of the proceeds of such sale together with any hire or interest from the date of conversion to the date of seizure found by the jury.   (Ga. L. 1887, p. 59, § 1; Civil Code 1895, § 4607; Civil Code 1910, § 5153; Code 1933, § 107-204.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 89 C.J.S., Trover and Conversion, § 222.
GA Code § 44-12-171 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 4 - Trover|Part 2 - Bail in Trover Proceedings|§ 44-12-171. Recovery by Defendant in Trover Action When Plaintiff Had Replevied Property

 When the plaintiff in a trover action has replevied the property and on the trial of the case fails to recover or dismisses his petition, the defendant may recover the property and its hire or the sworn value placed upon the property in the petition instead of suing on the replevy bond.   (Code 1933, § 107-209.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Previous demand as a condition of replevin or trover against innocent purchaser of stolen chattels, 51 A.L.R. 1465.    Judgment in replevin as implying a direction for return of property, 65 A.L.R. 1302; 144 A.L.R. 1149.    Right of one joint owner of personal property to maintain against third person replevin, detinue, trover, or other action recover possession or damages, 110 A.L.R. 353.    Setoff, counterclaim, and recoupment in replevin or other action for possession of personal property, 151 A.L.R. 519.   Voluntary dismissal of replevin action by plaintiff as affecting defendant's right to judgment for the return or value of the property, 24 A.L.R.3d 768.
GA Code § 44-12-263 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 1 - American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects Held by Museums|§ 44-12-263. Monitoring and Review of Inventory, Identification, and Repatriation Activities

 The council shall monitor and review the implementation of inventory and identification process and repatriation activities required under Code Sections 44-12-261 and 44-12-262 to ensure a fair, objective consideration and assessment of all available relevant information and evidence.    (Code 1981, §44-12-263, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1790, § 6.)
GA Code § 44-12-281 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 2 - Council on American Indian Concerns|§ 44-12-281. Compensation and Expenses

 Councilmembers shall receive no compensation for their services but shall be reimbursed for their actual travel and expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of their duties for each day such member of the council is in attendance at a meeting of the council.    (Code 1981, §44-12-281, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1790, § 6.)
GA Code § 44-12-282 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 2 - Council on American Indian Concerns|§ 44-12-282. Chairperson; Meetings; Quorum

 Annually, the councilmembers shall elect a chairperson for a term of one year.The council shall meet as frequently as needed to perform its duties, upon the call of the council chairperson.Five councilmembers shall constitute a quorum to conduct business.    (Code 1981, §44-12-282, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1790, § 6.)
GA Code § 44-12-283 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 2 - Council on American Indian Concerns|§ 44-12-283. Powers and Duties of Council

 The council shall have the following powers and duties:    To serve as a resource for the notification of relatives under paragraph (4) of Code Section 36-72-5, relating to notification of relatives pursuant to obtaining a permit for land use change or disturbance; provided, however, that failure of the council to respond within 30 days to a request to serve as a resource for the notification shall not prevent the notification process or any permit process from taking place;   To receive notice of permits issued and contracts issued under subsection (c) of Code Section 12-3-52 that affect aboriginal, prehistoric, or American Indian burial sites;   To monitor the inventory and identification process conducted under Code Section 44-12-261 to ensure a fair, objective consideration and assessment of all available relevant information and evidence;   To facilitate the resolution of disputes among American Indian tribes, lineal descendants of American Indians, and museums relating to the return of American Indian remains and burial objects pursuant to Code Section 44-12-262, including convening the parties to the dispute;   To advise the Department of Natural Resources, the General Assembly, the Human Relations Commission, the Secretary of State, local political subdivisions, state and local law enforcement agencies, and other appropriate agencies and individuals regarding policy matters relating to issues affecting American Indians;   To apply for and receive grants, gifts, and direct appropriations from the federal government; the state government; any county, municipal, or local government; any board, bureau, commission, agency, or establishment of any such government; any other organization, public or private; and any individual or groups of individuals; and   To preserve and foster the culture and heritage of Indians and Indian descendants in this state and to be the agency to deal with specific federal programs which are required to be dealt with only by an Indian agency or organization.     (Code 1981, §44-12-283, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1790, § 6; Ga. L. 2002, p. 632, § 3.)    The 2002 amendment,  effective July 1, 2002, in paragraph (5), deleted "and" preceding "state and", inserted ", and other appropriate agencies and individuals", and deleted "and" at the end; substituted "; and" for a period at the end of paragraph (6); and added paragraph (7).
GA Code § 44-12-283.1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 2 - Council on American Indian Concerns|§ 44-12-283.1. Additional Powers of Council

 In addition to any other powers granted by law, the council may, in its discretion, study, consider, accumulate, compile, assemble, and disseminate information on any aspect of Indian affairs; investigate relief needs of Indians in Georgia and provide technical assistance in the preparation of plans for the alleviation of such needs; confer with appropriate officials of local, state, and federal governments, and agencies of these governments, and with such congressional committees that may be concerned with Indian affairs, in order to encourage and implement coordination of applicable resources to meet the needs of Indians in Georgia; cooperate with and secure the assistance of the local, state, and federal governments, or any agencies thereof, in formulating any such programs and coordinate such programs with any programs regarding Indian affairs adopted or planned by the federal government, to the end that the department secures the full benefit of such programs; review all proposed or pending state legislation and amendments to existing state legislation affecting Indians in Georgia; conduct public hearings on matters relating to Indian affairs; study the existing status of recognition of all Indian groups, tribes, and communities presently existing in the state; expend funds in compliance with state regulations; and make legislative recommendations.    (Code 1981, §44-12-283.1, enacted by Ga. L. 2002, p. 632, § 3.)
GA Code § 44-12-283.2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 2 - Council on American Indian Concerns|§ 44-12-283.2. Council Authorized to Promulgate Rules and Regulations; Notification Requirement

 The council is authorized to promulgate rules and regulations to accomplish the provisions of this article in accordance with Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act." The council is expressly prohibited from engaging in any activity which would tend to assist the implementation of Indian gaming in this state, and the council shall immediately notify in writing the Governor, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of any communication it may receive from any source relating to such subject.    (Code 1981, §44-12-283.2, enacted by Ga. L. 2002, p. 632, § 3.)
GA Code § 44-12-284 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 2 - Council on American Indian Concerns|§ 44-12-284. Delegation of Duties; Professional, Technical, and Clerical Personnel

 The council may delegate duties to one or more councilmembers or agents. The council is authorized to obtain the services of such professional, technical, and clerical personnel as may be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions under this part and to contract for such services as may be necessary to enable the council to carry out its responsibilities.    (Code 1981, §44-12-284, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1790, § 6.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1992, "its responsibilities" was substituted for "it responsibilities".
GA Code § 44-12-285 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 2 - Council on American Indian Concerns|§ 44-12-285. Annual Report

 The council shall make an annual report of its activities to the Governor.    (Code 1981, §44-12-285, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1790, § 6.)
GA Code § 44-12-300 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 7 - Protection of American Indian Human Remains and Burial Objects|Part 3 - Legitimate American Indian Tribes|§ 44-12-300. Tribes, Bands, Groups, or Communities Recognized by State as Legitimate American Indian Tribes

  The State of Georgia officially recognizes as legitimate American Indian tribes of Georgia the following tribes, bands, groups, or communities:   The General Assembly may recognize tribes, bands, groups, or communities other than those stated in subsection (a) of this Code section as the General Assembly deems appropriate.    (1)   The Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee P.O. Box 1993 Dahlonega, Georgia 30533; (2) The Lower Muscogee Creek Tribe Route 2, Box 370 Whigham, Georgia 31797; and (3) The Cherokee of Georgia Tribal Council Saint George, Georgia 31646.    (Code 1981, §44-12-300, enacted by Ga. L. 1993, p. 1813, § 2.)   Law reviews.   - For comment, "Lawless by Design: Jurisdiction, Gender and Justice in Indian Country," see 59 Emory L. J. 1515 (2010).   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Indian tribe not public entity.   - The Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokee Indians is not a "public agency, public corporation, or public authority" as the phrase is used in Ga. Const. 1983, Art. IX, Sec. III, Para. I. 1995 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U95-21.
GA Code § 44-12-310 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 8 - Die, Molds, Forms, and Patterns|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-310. Definitions

 As used in this article, the term:    "Customer" means any individual or entity who causes or caused a molder to fabricate, cast, or otherwise make a die, mold, form, or pattern or who provides a molder with a die, mold, form, or pattern to manufacture, assemble, cast, fabricate, or otherwise make a product or products for a customer.   "Molder" means any individual or entity who fabricates, casts, or otherwise makes or uses a die, mold, form, or pattern for the purpose of manufacturing, assembling, casting, fabricating, or otherwise making a product or products for a customer. "Molder" includes, but is not limited to, a tool or die maker.   "Within three years following the last prior use" shall include any three-year period following the last prior use of a die, mold, form, or pattern regardless of whether or not any portion of such period precedes July 1, 1999.     (Code 1981, §44-12-310, enacted by Ga. L. 1999, p. 862, § 1; Ga. L. 2000, p. 136, § 44.)    The 2000 amendment,  effective March 16, 2000, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, substituted "July 1, 1999" for "July 1, 1999" at the end of paragraph (3).   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1999, "July 1, 1999" was substituted for "the effective date of this article" in paragraph (3).
GA Code § 44-12-311 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 12 - Rights in Personalty|Article 8 - Die, Molds, Forms, and Patterns|Part 1 - In General|§ 44-12-311. Rights and Title; Transfer to Molder

  In the absence of any agreement to the contrary, the customer shall have all rights and title to any die, mold, form, or pattern in the possession of the molder.   If a customer does not claim possession from a molder of a die, mold, form, or pattern within three years following the last prior use, all rights and title to any die, mold, form, or pattern shall be transferred by operation of law to the molder for the purpose of destroying or otherwise disposing of such die, mold, form, or pattern, consistent with this Code section.   If a molder chooses to have all rights and title to any die, mold, form, or pattern transferred to the molder by operation of law, the molder shall send written notice by registered mail or statutory overnight delivery to the chief executive officer of the customer or, if the customer is not a business entity, to the customer at the customer's last known address, indicating that the molder intends to terminate the customer's rights and title by having all such rights and title transferred to the molder by operation of law pursuant to this Code section. Such notice shall include a statement of the customer's rights as set forth in subsection (d) of this Code section.     If a customer does not respond in person or by mail to claim possession of the particular die, mold, form, or pattern within 120 days following the date the notice was sent, or does not make other contractual arrangements with the molder for storage of the die, mold, form, or pattern, all rights and title of the customer, except patents and copyrights, shall transfer by operation of law to the molder. Thereafter, the molder may destroy or otherwise dispose of the particular die, mold, form, or pattern as the molder's own property without any risk of liability to the customer.   This Code section shall not in any manner affect any right of the customer under federal patent or copyright law or federal law pertaining to unfair competition.       (Code 1981, §44-12-311, enacted by Ga. L. 1999, p. 862, § 1; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 4.)    The 2000 amendment,  effective July 1, 2000, substituted "registered mail or statutory overnight delivery" for "registered mail" in subsection (c).   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 16, not codified by the General Assembly, provided that the Act is applicable with respect to notices delivered on or after July 1, 2000.