reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Civ Pro Code § 425.13 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions|Section 425.13.

425.13.  (a) In any action for damages arising out of the professional negligence of a health care provider, no claim for punitive damages shall be included in a complaint or other pleading unless the court enters an order allowing an amended pleading that includes a claim for punitive damages to be filed. The court may allow the filing of an amended pleading claiming punitive damages on a motion by the party seeking the amended pleading and on the basis of the supporting and opposing affidavits presented that the plaintiff has established that there is a substantial probability that the plaintiff will prevail on the claim pursuant to Section 3294 of the Civil Code. The court shall not grant a motion allowing the filing of an amended pleading that includes a claim for punitive damages if the motion for such an order is not filed within two years after the complaint or initial pleading is filed or not less than nine months before the date the matter is first set for trial, whichever is earlier.(b) For the purposes of this section, “health care provider” means any person licensed or certified pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 500) of the Business and Professions Code, or licensed pursuant to the Osteopathic Initiative Act, or the Chiropractic Initiative Act, or licensed pursuant to Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 1440) of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code; and any clinic, health dispensary, or health facility, licensed pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Health and Safety Code. “Health care provider” includes the legal representatives of a health care provider.(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1205, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 425.14 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions|Section 425.14.

425.14.  No claim for punitive or exemplary damages against a religious corporation or religious corporation sole shall be included in a complaint or other pleading unless the court enters an order allowing an amended pleading that includes a claim for punitive or exemplary damages to be filed. The court may allow the filing of an amended pleading claiming punitive or exemplary damages on a motion by the party seeking the amended pleading and upon a finding, on the basis of the supporting and opposing affidavits presented, that the plaintiff has established evidence which substantiates that plaintiff will meet the clear and convincing standard of proof under Section 3294 of the Civil Code.Nothing in this section is intended to affect the plaintiff’s right to discover evidence on the issue of punitive or exemplary damages.(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1410, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 425.15 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions|Section 425.15.

425.15.  (a) No cause of action against a person serving without compensation as a director or officer of a nonprofit corporation described in this section, on account of any negligent act or omission by that person within the scope of that person’s duties as a director acting in the capacity of a board member, or as an officer acting in the capacity of, and within the scope of the duties of, an officer, shall be included in a complaint or other pleading unless the court enters an order allowing the pleading that includes that claim to be filed after the court determines that the party seeking to file the pleading has established evidence that substantiates the claim. The court may allow the filing of a pleading that includes that claim following the filing of a verified petition therefor accompanied by the proposed pleading and supporting affidavits stating the facts upon which the liability is based. The court shall order service of the petition upon the party against whom the action is proposed to be filed and permit that party to submit opposing affidavits prior to making its determination. The filing of the petition, proposed pleading, and accompanying affidavits shall toll the running of any applicable statute of limitations until the final determination of the matter, which ruling, if favorable to the petitioning party, shall permit the proposed pleading to be filed.(b) Nothing in this section shall affect the right of the plaintiff to discover evidence on the issue of damages.(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect any action against a nonprofit corporation for any negligent action or omission of a volunteer director or officer occurring within the scope of the person’s duties.(d) For the purposes of this section, “compensation” means remuneration whether by way of salary, fee, or other consideration for services rendered. However, the payment of per diem, mileage, or other reimbursement expenses to a director or officer shall not constitute compensation.(e) (1) This section applies only to officers and directors of nonprofit corporations that are subject to Part 2 (commencing with Section 5110), Part 3 (commencing with Section 7110), or Part 4 (commencing with Section 9110) of Division 2 of Title 1 of the Corporations Code that are organized to provide charitable, educational, scientific, social, or other forms of public service and that are exempt from federal income taxation under Section 501(c)(1), except any credit union, or Section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), 501(c)(7), or 501(c)(19) of the Internal Revenue Code.(2) This section does not apply to any corporation that unlawfully restricts membership, services, or benefits conferred on the basis of political affiliation, age, or any characteristic listed or defined in subdivision (b) or (e) of Section 51 of the Civil Code.(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 568, Sec. 16. Effective January 1, 2008.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 426.10 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 2 - Compulsory Cross-Complaints|Section 426.10.

426.10.  As used in this article:(a) “Complaint” means a complaint or cross-complaint.(b) “Plaintiff” means a person who files a complaint or cross-complaint.(c) “Related cause of action” means a cause of action which arises out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences as the cause of action which the plaintiff alleges in his complaint.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 426.30 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 2 - Compulsory Cross-Complaints|Section 426.30.

426.30.  (a) Except as otherwise provided by statute, if a party against whom a complaint has been filed and served fails to allege in a cross-complaint any related cause of action which (at the time of serving his answer to the complaint) he has against the plaintiff, such party may not thereafter in any other action assert against the plaintiff the related cause of action not pleaded.(b) This section does not apply if either of the following are established:(1) The court in which the action is pending does not have jurisdiction to render a personal judgment against the person who failed to plead the related cause of action.(2) The person who failed to plead the related cause of action did not file an answer to the complaint against him.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 426.40 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 2 - Compulsory Cross-Complaints|Section 426.40.

426.40.  This article does not apply if any of the following are established:(a) The cause of action not pleaded requires for its adjudication the presence of additional parties over whom the court cannot acquire jurisdiction.(b) Both the court in which the action is pending and any other court to which the action is transferrable pursuant to Section 396 are prohibited by the federal or state constitution or by a statute from entertaining the cause of action not pleaded.(c) At the time the action was commenced, the cause of action not pleaded was the subject of another pending action.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 426.50 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 2 - Compulsory Cross-Complaints|Section 426.50.

426.50.  A party who fails to plead a cause of action subject to the requirements of this article, whether through oversight, inadvertence, mistake, neglect, or other cause, may apply to the court for leave to amend his pleading, or to file a cross-complaint, to assert such cause at any time during the course of the action. The court, after notice to the adverse party, shall grant, upon such terms as may be just to the parties, leave to amend the pleading, or to file the cross-complaint, to assert such cause if the party who failed to plead the cause acted in good faith. This subdivision shall be liberally construed to avoid forfeiture of causes of action.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 426.60 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 2 - Compulsory Cross-Complaints|Section 426.60.

426.60.  (a) This article applies only to civil actions and does not apply to special proceedings.(b) This article does not apply to actions in the small claims court.(c) This article does not apply where the only relief sought is a declaration of the rights and duties of the respective parties in an action for declaratory relief under Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 1060) of Title 14 of this part. (Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 426.70 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 2 - Compulsory Cross-Complaints|Section 426.70.

426.70.  (a) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 426.60, this article applies to eminent domain proceedings.(b) The related cause of action may be asserted by cross-complaint in an eminent domain proceeding whether or not the party asserting such cause of action has presented a claim in compliance with Part 3 (commencing with Section 900) of Division 3.6 of Title 1 of the Government Code to the plaintiff in the original eminent domain proceeding.(Added by Stats. 1975, Ch. 1240.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 427.10 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 3 - Permissive Joinder of Causes of Action|Section 427.10.

427.10.  (a) A plaintiff who in a complaint, alone or with coplaintiffs, alleges a cause of action against one or more defendants may unite with such cause any other causes which he has either alone or with any coplaintiffs against any of such defendants.(b) Causes of action may be joined in a cross-complaint in accordance with Sections 428.10 and 428.30.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.10 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.10.

428.10.  A party against whom a cause of action has been asserted in a complaint or cross-complaint may file a cross-complaint setting forth either or both of the following:(a) Any cause of action he has against any of the parties who filed the complaint or cross-complaint against him. Nothing in this subdivision authorizes the filing of a cross-complaint against the plaintiff in an action commenced under Title 7 (commencing with Section 1230.010) of Part 3.(b) Any cause of action he has against a person alleged to be liable thereon, whether or not such person is already a party to the action, if the cause of action asserted in his cross-complaint (1) arises out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences as the cause brought against him or (2) asserts a claim, right, or interest in the property or controversy which is the subject of the cause brought against him.(Amended by Stats. 1975, Ch. 1240.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.20 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.20.

428.20.  When a person files a cross-complaint as authorized by Section 428.10, he may join any person as a cross-complainant or cross-defendant, whether or not such person is already a party to the action, if, had the cross-complaint been filed as an independent action, the joinder of that party would have been permitted by the statutes governing joinder of parties.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.30 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.30.

428.30.  Where a person files a cross-complaint as authorized by Section 428.10, he may unite with the cause of action asserted in the cross-complaint any other causes of action he has against any of the cross-defendants, other than the plaintiff in an eminent domain proceeding, whether or not such cross-defendant is already a party to the action.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.40 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.40.

428.40.  The cross-complaint shall be a separate document.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.50 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.50.

428.50.  (a) A party shall file a cross-complaint against any of the parties who filed the complaint or cross-complaint against him or her before or at the same time as the answer to the complaint or cross-complaint.(b) Any other cross-complaint may be filed at any time before the court has set a date for trial.(c) A party shall obtain leave of court to file any cross-complaint except one filed within the time specified in subdivision (a) or (b). Leave may be granted in the interest of justice at any time during the course of the action.(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 176, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.60 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.60.

428.60.  A cross-complaint shall be served on each of the parties in an action in the following manner:(1) If a party has not appeared in the action, a summons upon the cross-complaint shall be issued and served upon him in the same manner as upon commencement of an original action.(2) If a party has appeared in the action, the cross-complaint shall be served upon his attorney, or upon the party if he has appeared without an attorney, in the manner provided for service of summons or in the manner provided by Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 1010) of Title 14 of Part 2 of this code.(Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 429.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.70 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.70.

428.70.  (a) As used in this section:(1) “Third-party plaintiff” means a person against whom a cause of action has been asserted in a complaint or cross-complaint, who claims the right to recover all or part of any amounts for which he may be held liable on such cause of action from a third person, and who files a cross-complaint stating such claim as a cause of action against the third person.(2) “Third-party defendant” means the person who is alleged in a cross-complaint filed by a third-party plaintiff to be liable to the third-party plaintiff if the third-party plaintiff is held liable on the claim against him.(b) In addition to the other rights and duties a third-party defendant has under this article, he may, at the time he files his answer to the cross-complaint, file as a separate document a special answer alleging against the person who asserted the cause of action against the third-party plaintiff any defenses which the third-party plaintiff has to such cause of action. The special answer shall be served on the third-party plaintiff and on the person who asserted the cause of action against the third-party plaintiff.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 428.80 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints|Section 428.80.

428.80.  The counterclaim is abolished. Any cause of action that formerly was asserted by a counterclaim shall be asserted by a cross-complaint. Where any statute refers to asserting a cause of action as a counterclaim, such cause shall be asserted as a cross-complaint. The erroneous designation of a pleading as a counterclaim shall not affect its validity, but such pleading shall be deemed to be a cross-complaint.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 429.30 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief|ARTICLE 5 - Contents of Documents in Particular Actions or Proceedings|Section 429.30.

429.30.  (a) As used in this section:(1) “Complaint” includes a cross-complaint.(2) “Plaintiff” includes the person filing a cross-complaint.(b) If the complaint contains a demand for relief on account of the alleged infringement of the plaintiff’s rights in and to a literary, artistic, or intellectual production, there shall be attached to the complaint a copy of the production as to which the infringement is claimed and a copy of the alleged infringing production. If, by reason of bulk or the nature of the production, it is not practicable to attach a copy to the complaint, that fact and the reasons why it is impracticable to attach a copy of the production to the complaint shall be alleged; and the court, in connection with any demurrer, motion, or other proceedings in the cause in which a knowledge of the contents of such production may be necessary or desirable, shall make such order for a view of the production not attached as will suit the convenience of the court to the end that the contents of such production may be deemed to be a part of the complaint to the same extent and with the same force as though such production had been capable of being and had been attached to the complaint. The attachment of any such production in accordance with the provisions of this section shall not be deemed a making public of the production within the meaning of Section 983 of the Civil Code.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 430.10 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 3 - Objections to Pleadings; Denials and Defenses|ARTICLE 1 - Objections to Pleadings|Section 430.10.

430.10.  The party against whom a complaint or cross-complaint has been filed may object, by demurrer or answer as provided in Section 430.30, to the pleading on any one or more of the following grounds:(a) The court has no jurisdiction of the subject of the cause of action alleged in the pleading.(b) The person who filed the pleading does not have the legal capacity to sue.(c) There is another action pending between the same parties on the same cause of action.(d) There is a defect or misjoinder of parties.(e) The pleading does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.(f) The pleading is uncertain. As used in this subdivision, “uncertain” includes ambiguous and unintelligible.(g) In an action founded upon a contract, it cannot be ascertained from the pleading whether the contract is written, is oral, or is implied by conduct.(h) No certificate was filed as required by Section 411.35.(Amended by Stats. 2020, Ch. 370, Sec. 35. (SB 1371) Effective January 1, 2021.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 430.20 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 3 - Objections to Pleadings; Denials and Defenses|ARTICLE 1 - Objections to Pleadings|Section 430.20.

430.20.  A party against whom an answer has been filed may object, by demurrer as provided in Section 430.30, to the answer upon any one or more of the following grounds:(a) The answer does not state facts sufficient to constitute a defense.(b) The answer is uncertain. As used in this subdivision, “uncertain” includes ambiguous and unintelligible.(c) Where the answer pleads a contract, it cannot be ascertained from the answer whether the contract is written or oral.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 430.30 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 3 - Objections to Pleadings; Denials and Defenses|ARTICLE 1 - Objections to Pleadings|Section 430.30.

430.30.  (a) When any ground for objection to a complaint, cross-complaint, or answer appears on the face thereof, or from any matter of which the court is required to or may take judicial notice, the objection on that ground may be taken by a demurrer to the pleading.(b) When any ground for objection to a complaint or cross-complaint does not appear on the face of the pleading, the objection may be taken by answer.(c) A party objecting to a complaint or cross-complaint may demur and answer at the same time.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 430.40 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 3 - Objections to Pleadings; Denials and Defenses|ARTICLE 1 - Objections to Pleadings|Section 430.40.

430.40.  (a) A person against whom a complaint or cross-complaint has been filed may, within 30 days after service of the complaint or cross-complaint, demur to the complaint or cross-complaint.(b) A party who has filed a complaint or cross-complaint may, within 10 days after service of the answer to his pleading, demur to the answer.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)
CA Civ Pro Code § 430.50 (2021)
2021 California Code|Code of Civil Procedure - CCP|PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS|TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS|CHAPTER 3 - Objections to Pleadings; Denials and Defenses|ARTICLE 1 - Objections to Pleadings|Section 430.50.

430.50.  (a) A demurrer to a complaint or cross-complaint may be taken to the whole complaint or cross-complaint or to any of the causes of action stated therein.(b) A demurrer to an answer may be taken to the whole answer or to any one or more of the several defenses set up in the answer.(Added by Stats. 1971, Ch. 244.)