reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85k (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85k - Limitation of Tort Liability of Certain Charitable Organizations; Liability of Directors, Officers or Trustees of Educational Institutions

Section 85K. It shall not constitute a defense to any cause of action based on tort brought against a corporation, trustees of a trust, or members of an association that said corporation, trust, or association is or at the time the cause of action arose was a charity; provided, that if the tort was committed in the course of any activity carried on to accomplish directly the charitable purposes of such corporation, trust, or association, liability in any such cause of action shall not exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars exclusive of interest and costs; and provided further, that in the context of medical malpractice claims against a nonprofit organization providing health care, such cause of action shall not exceed the sum of $100,000, exclusive of interest and costs. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the liability of charitable corporations, the trustees of charitable trusts, and the members of charitable associations shall not be subject to the limitations set forth in this section if the tort was committed in the course of activities primarily commercial in character even though carried on to obtain revenue to be used for charitable purposes.  No person who serves as a director, officer or trustee of an educational institution which is, or at the time the cause of action arose was, a charitable organization, qualified as a tax-exempt organization under 26 USC 501(c)(3) and who is not compensated for such services, except for reimbursement of out of pocket expenses, shall be liable solely by reason of such services as a director, officer or trustee for any act or omission resulting in damage or injury to another, if such person was acting in good faith and within the scope of his official functions and duties, unless such damage or injury was caused by willful or wanton misconduct. The limitations on liability provided by this section shall not apply to any cause or action arising out of said person's operation of a motor vehicle.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85l (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85l - Recovery of Damages Against Operator of Motor Vehicle by Guest; Ordinary Negligence

Section 85L. In an action of tort for personal injuries, property damage or consequential damages caused by or arising from the operation of a motor vehicle in which the plaintiff was a passenger in the exercise of due care, the plaintiff may recover in an action against the operator upon proof that said operator was guilty of ordinary negligence resulting in said injuries or damages.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85m (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85m - Disclaimers of Liability by Parking Facilities Not a Defense and Void

Section 85M. In any action of contract or tort in which the defendant is the owner or operator of a privately or publicly owned or operated garage, lot, or other facility used for the parking or storage of motor vehicles for a fee, it shall not constitute a defense that said owner or operator, by means of language appearing on any sign, ticket, or receipt, sought to disclaim, limit or exclude his legal liability. Any such disclaimer, limitation or exclusion of liability shall be void as against public policy.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85n (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85n - Liability of Licensed Members of Certain Professional Societies and Committees for Damages Resulting From Official Acts

Section 85N. No member of a professional society or of a duly appointed committee thereof, or a duly appointed member of a committee of a medical staff of a licensed hospital or a health maintenance organization licensed under the provisions of chapter one hundred and seventy-six G shall be liable in a suit for damages as a result of his acts, omissions or proceedings undertaken or performed within the scope of his duties as such committee member, provided that he acts in good faith and in the reasonable belief that based on all of the facts the action or inaction on his part was warranted; nor shall an individual be liable in a suit for damages as a result of acts, omissions or proceedings undertaken or performed within the scope of his duties to a nonprofit corporation, the sole voting member of which is a professional society having as members persons who are licensed to practice medicine; provided, however, that such individual acts in good faith and in the reasonable belief that based on all of the facts the action or inaction on his part was warranted.  For the purposes of this section ''professional society'' shall mean a society having as members persons who are licensed or admitted to practice in the field of law, medicine, chiropractic, optometry, psychiatry or psychology, dentistry, accounting, engineering, land surveyor, as set forth in section eighty-one D of chapter one hundred and twelve, architecture or social work.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85o (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85o - Contracts; Age of Legal Capacity and Liability in Civil Actions

Section 85O. Any person who has attained the age of eighteen shall have full legal capacity to act in his own behalf in the matter of contracts and shall be liable in any civil action for breach thereof.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85p (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85p - Age of Majority; Legal Capacity

Section 85P. Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, any person domiciled in the commonwealth who has reached the age of eighteen shall for all purposes, and any other person who has reached the age of eighteen shall with respect to any transaction governed by the law of the commonwealth, be deemed of full legal capacity unless legally incapacitated for some reason other than insufficient age.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85q (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85q - Standard of Care Owed Children; Maintenance of Artificial Condition Upon Land

Section 85Q. Any person who maintains an artificial condition upon his own land shall be liable for physical harm to children trespassing thereon if (a) the place where the condition exists is one upon which the land owner knows or has reason to know that children are likely to trespass, (b) the condition is one of which the land owner knows or has reason to know and which he realizes or should realize will involve an unreasonable risk of death or serious bodily harm to such children, (c) the children because of their youth do not discover the condition or realize the risk involved in intermeddling with it or in coming within the area made dangerous by it, (d) the utility to the land owner of maintaining the condition and the burden of eliminating the danger are slight as compared with the risk to children involved, and (e) the land owner fails to exercise reasonable care to eliminate the danger or otherwise to protect the children.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85r (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85r - Boat Races or Regattas; Liability for Injuries

Section 85R. No member of a sailboat racing committee, club or association or of a yacht club association which conducts a race or regatta shall be liable for injuries to persons or property arising out of the conduct of such race or regatta in the absence of wilful, wanton or reckless conduct.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85r1/2 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85r1/2 - Liability for Damage to Property as a Result of Shoplifting or Attempted Larceny; Recovery

Section 85R1/2. Whoever: causes damage to the property of a person as a result of a larceny or attempted larceny of said property as set forth in section 30A of chapter 266; commits or attempts to commit a larceny of goods for sale on the premises of a merchant; or commits or attempts to commit a larceny of the personal property of employees or customers or others present on such premises shall be liable in tort to the merchant for damages. The damages shall be: not more than $50 in addition to any actual damages incurred if the value of the property is less than $50; not more than $250 in addition to any actual damage incurred if the value of the property is more than $50 but less than $250; and not more than $500 in addition to any actual damages incurred if the value of the property is more than $250. An action for recovery may be commenced under sections 21 to 25, inclusive, of chapter 218.  Any correspondence by a merchant, its agents or attorneys that asserts a claim against an individual arising under this section shall identify in detail all of the pertinent information on which the merchant bases its claim. Any person who solicits payment that exceeds the limitations provided by this section shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85t (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85t - Negligence Action for Serving Alcohol to Intoxicated Person Prohibited; Exceptions

Section 85T. In any action for personal injuries, property damage or consequential damages caused by or arising out of the negligent serving of alcohol to an intoxicated person by a licensee properly licensed under chapter one hundred and thirty-eight or by a person or entity serving alcohol as an incident of its business but for which no license is required, no such intoxicated person who causes injuries to himself, may maintain an action against the said licensee or person or entity in the absence of wilful, wanton, or reckless conduct on the part of the licensee or such person or entity.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85u (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85u - Death or Injury to Unlawful Dwelling Occupants; Liability of Lawful Occupants

Section 85U. No person who is a lawful occupant of a dwelling shall be liable in an action for damages for death or injuries to an unlawful occupant of said dwelling resulting from the acts of said lawful occupant; provided, however, that said lawful occupant was in the dwelling at the time of the occurrence and that he acted in the reasonable belief that the person unlawfully in said lawful dwelling was about to inflict great bodily injury or death upon said occupant or upon another person lawfully in said dwelling, and that said lawful occupant used reasonable means to defend himself or such other person lawfully in said dwelling. There shall not be a duty on said occupant to retreat from such person unlawfully in said dwelling.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85w (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85w - Officers and Directors of Charitable Corporations; Tort Liability

Section 85W. Except as provided otherwise in this section and in section eighty-five V, no person who serves without compensation, other than reimbursement for actual expenses, as an officer, director or trustee of any nonprofit charitable organization including those corporations qualified under 26 USC section 501(c)(3) shall be liable for any civil damages as a result of any acts or omissions relating solely to the performance of his duties as an officer, director or trustee; provided, however, that the immunity conferred by this section shall not apply to any acts or omissions intentionally designed to harm or to any grossly negligent acts or omissions which result in harm to the person. Nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting or modifying any existing legal basis for determining the liability, or any defense thereto, of any person not covered by the immunity conferred by this section.  Nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting or modifying the liability of any person subject to this section for acts or omissions which are committed in the course of activities primarily commercial in nature even though carried on to obtain revenue to be used for charitable purposes, nor for any cause of action arising out of such person's operation of an automobile.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85x (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85x - Loss of Consortium of a Dependent Child; Cause of Action

Section 85X. The parents of a minor child or an adult child who is dependent on his parents for support shall have a cause of action for loss of consortium of the child who has been seriously injured against any person who is legally responsible for causing such injury.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85y (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85y - Child Care Facilities; Liability of Owner of Property for Injury or Damage on Premises

Section 85Y. Notwithstanding any general or special law to the contrary, the owner of any property containing premises operated by a person other than such owner as a child care facility shall not be subject to any claim, liability or penalty arising from or based upon any injury to person or loss or damage to property sustained or occurring on or about such premises unless such injury, loss or damage is proximately caused by the negligence or misconduct of such owner or its agents, contractors or employees. This section shall not be deemed to limit or otherwise modify the provisions of any lease or other contract between such owner and the operator of such child care facility. As used in this section, the term ''child care facility'' shall mean a child care center or a school-aged child care program, as defined in section 1A of chapter 15D.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85z (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85z - Conveyances Without Fair Consideration by Persons in Contempt of an Order or Judgment for Child Support; Civil Action

Section 85Z. A person who has been adjudged to be in contempt of an order or judgment for child support entered pursuant to chapter 119, 207, 208, 209, 209A, 209C, 209D or 273 who knowingly makes a conveyance without fair consideration to an individual shall be liable in a civil action to the obligee under said order or judgment in an amount equal to the value of the conveyance made.  A person shall not be liable hereunder if the conveyance made does not exceed $100 in value in any calendar year.  For the purpose of this section, conveyance shall mean any payment of money, gift, assignment, transfer or lease of tangible or intangible property.  A conveyance shall be deemed to be made without fair consideration unless the conveyance was made in exchange for property or goods of equal value or to satisfy an existing debt created in good faith.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85aa (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85aa - Liability of Registered Rescue Volunteers

Section 85AA. No person duly registered by the department of state police as a search and rescue volunteer who renders assistance in a search and rescue operation under the direct control and instruction of the department and no other person who volunteers in a search and rescue operation and renders assistance, supervised by and under the direct control and instruction of the department shall be liable in any suit for damages as a result of any acts or omissions committed by such person in the course of a search for a missing person, if such person acts in compliance with the Massachusetts state police search and rescue plan, unless such acts or omissions constitute willful, wanton or reckless conduct.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 85bb (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 85bb - False Claim of Hours Worked Knowingly Submitted by Law Enforcement Officer

Section 85BB. (a) A law enforcement officer, as defined in section 1 of chapter 6E, who knowingly submits to a state agency, state authority, city, town or agency, as defined in said section 1 of said chapter 6E, a false or fraudulent claim of hours worked for payment and receives payment therefor or knowingly makes, uses or causes to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim of hours worked for payment that results in a law enforcement officer receiving payment therefor or any person who conspires to commit a violation of this section shall be punished by a fine of 3 times the amount of the fraudulent wages paid or by imprisonment for not more than 2 years.  [There is no subsection (b).]
MA Gen L ch 231 § 87 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 87 - Pleadings as Evidence; Effect

Section 87. In any civil action pleadings shall not be evidence on the trial, but the allegations therein shall bind the party making them.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 88 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 88 - Effect of Unaccepted Offer of Judgment

Section 88. An offer of judgment made under the provisions of the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure or the District-Municipal Courts Rules of Civil Procedure which is not accepted shall not be evidence against the party making it, either in a subsequent proceeding in the action in which it is made or in another action or suit.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 89 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 89 - Use at Trial of Answers to Interrogatories

Section 89. The answers of a party to interrogatories filed may be read by the other party as evidence at the trial. The party interrogated may require the whole of the answers upon any one subject matter inquired of to be read, if a part of them is read; but if no part is read, the party interrogated shall in no way avail himself of his examination or of the fact that he has been examined.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 91 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 91 - Effect of Unproved Defense of Truth in Action of Slander or Libel; Proof of Statements Not Contained in Pleadings

Section 91. In an action of slander or libel, if the defendant alleges that the words spoken or published were true, such allegation, although not supported by the evidence, shall not of itself be proof of the malice alleged in the complaint, nor shall statements of the defendant differing in import from those alleged be admissible to establish his malice unless such statements were published in pursuance of a general scheme to defame or otherwise injure the plaintiff. If the plaintiff proposes to introduce evidence of statements of the defendant other than those contained in his pleadings, he shall give the defendant written notice of such intention, specifying the date and content of each such statement, at least fourteen days before trial begins, or earlier if the court so orders; and, if any such statement is introduced in evidence, the defendant shall be permitted to prove that it was true, or was privileged, or any other facts relating thereto which tend to negative malice.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 91a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 91a - Radio or Television Broadcast; Liability of Owner of Station, Etc.

Section 91A. The owner, operator or licensee of a radio or television station or network of such stations or the agent or servant of any such person shall not, in an action for slander or for publishing a libel, be held liable in damages for or on account of any defamatory matter uttered, broadcast, telecast or published over the radio or television facilities of any such station or network by any person whose utterance, broadcast, telecast or publication is not, under the provisions of any law of the United States or any regulation, ruling or order of the Federal Communications Commission, subject to censorship or control by such station or network.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 91b (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 91b - Statement Relating to Bank Loan for Purchase of Goods or Services as Defense to Claim for Libel

Section 91B. It shall be a defense to any claim for libel or slander brought by a vendor against a purchaser of goods or services that the statement on which the claim is based relates to a loan from a bank used to purchase such goods or services and was made by the purchaser in good faith to an agent or employee of such bank.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 92 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 92 - Truth as Justification for Libel

Section 92. The defendant in an action for writing or for publishing a libel may introduce in evidence the truth of the matter contained in the publication charged as libellous; and the truth shall be a justification unless actual malice is proved.