reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Civ Code § 2924.17 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2924.17.

2924.17.  (a) A declaration recorded pursuant to Section 2923.5 or pursuant to Section 2923.55, a notice of default, notice of sale, assignment of a deed of trust, or substitution of trustee recorded by or on behalf of a mortgage servicer in connection with a foreclosure subject to the requirements of Section 2924, or a declaration or affidavit filed in any court relative to a foreclosure proceeding shall be accurate and complete and supported by competent and reliable evidence.(b) Before recording or filing any of the documents described in subdivision (a), a mortgage servicer shall ensure that it has reviewed competent and reliable evidence to substantiate the borrower’s default and the right to foreclose, including the borrower’s loan status and loan information.(c) Any mortgage servicer that engages in multiple and repeated uncorrected violations of subdivision (b) in recording documents or filing documents in any court relative to a foreclosure proceeding shall be liable for a civil penalty of up to seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500) per mortgage or deed of trust in an action brought by a government entity identified in Section 17204 of the Business and Professions Code, or in an administrative proceeding brought by the Department of Business Oversight or the Department of Real Estate against a respective licensee, in addition to any other remedies available to these entities.(Amended (as amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 401, Sec. 9) by Stats. 2018, Ch. 404, Sec. 21. (SB 818) Effective January 1, 2019.)
CA Civ Code § 2924.20 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2924.20.

2924.20.  Consistent with their general regulatory authority, and notwithstanding subdivisions (b) and (c) of Section 2924.18, the Department of Business Oversight and the Bureau of Real Estate may adopt regulations applicable to any entity or person under their respective jurisdictions that are necessary to carry out the purposes of the act that added this section. A violation of the regulations adopted pursuant to this section shall only be enforceable by the regulatory agency.(Amended (as added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 87) by Stats. 2014, Ch. 401, Sec. 13. (AB 2763) Effective January 1, 2015.)
CA Civ Code § 2924.26 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2924.26.

2924.26.  (a) Unless acting in the capacity of a trustee, a licensed title company or underwritten title company shall not be liable for a violation of Section 2923.5 or 2924.11 if it records or causes to record a notice of default or notice of sale at the request of a trustee, substitute trustee, or beneficiary, in good faith and in the normal course of its business activities.(b) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2018.(Added by Stats. 2013, Ch. 251, Sec. 2. (SB 310) Effective January 1, 2014. Section operative January 1, 2018, by its own provisions.)
CA Civ Code § 2924a (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2924a.

2924a.  If, by the terms of any trust or deed of trust a power of sale is conferred upon the trustee, the attorney for the trustee, or any duly authorized agent, may conduct the sale and act in the sale as the auctioneer for the trustee.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 575, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Civ Code § 2924k (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2924k.

2924k.  (a) The trustee, or the clerk of the court upon order to the clerk pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 2924j, shall distribute the proceeds, or a portion of the proceeds, as the case may be, of the trustee’s sale conducted pursuant to Section 2924h in the following order of priority:(1) To the costs and expenses of exercising the power of sale and of sale, including the payment of the trustee’s fees and attorney’s fees permitted pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 2924d and subdivision (b) of this section.(2) To the payment of the obligations secured by the deed of trust or mortgage which is the subject of the trustee’s sale.(3) To satisfy the outstanding balance of obligations secured by any junior liens or encumbrances in the order of their priority.(4) To the trustor or the trustor’s successor in interest. In the event the property is sold or transferred to another, to the vested owner of record at the time of the trustee’s sale.(b) A trustee may charge costs and expenses incurred for such items as mailing and a reasonable fee for services rendered in connection with the distribution of the proceeds from a trustee’s sale, including, but not limited to, the investigation of priority and validity of claims and the disbursement of funds. If the fee charged for services rendered pursuant to this subdivision does not exceed one hundred dollars ($100), or one hundred twenty-five dollars ($125) where there are obligations specified in paragraph (3) of subdivision (a), the fee is conclusively presumed to be reasonable.(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 974, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Civ Code § 2924n (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2924n.

2924n.  Nothing in this article shall relieve a person deemed the legal owner of real property when the trustee’s deed is recorded from complying with applicable law regarding the eviction or displacement of tenants, including, but not limited to, notice requirements, requirements for the provision of temporary or permanent relocation assistance, the right to return, and just cause eviction requirements. (Added by Stats. 2020, Ch. 202, Sec. 8. (SB 1079) Effective January 1, 2021.)
CA Civ Code § 2925 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2925.

2925.  The fact that a transfer was made subject to defeasance on a condition, may, for the purpose of showing such transfer to be a mortgage, be proved (except as against a subsequent purchaser or incumbrancer for value and without notice), though the fact does not appear by the terms of the instrument.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2926 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2926.

2926.  A mortgage is a lien upon everything that would pass by a grant of the property.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2927 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2927.

2927.  A mortgage does not entitle the mortgagee to the possession of the property, unless authorized by the express terms of the mortgage; but after the execution of the mortgage the mortgagor may agree to such change of possession without a new consideration.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2928 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2928.

2928.  A mortgage does not bind the mortgagor personally to perform the act for the performance of which it is a security, unless there is an express covenant therein to that effect.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2929 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2929.

2929.  No person whose interest is subject to the lien of a mortgage may do any act which will substantially impair the mortgagee’s security.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2929.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2929.4.

2929.4.  (a) Prior to imposing a fine or penalty for failure to maintain a vacant property that is subject to a notice of default, that is purchased at a foreclosure sale, or that is acquired through foreclosure under a mortgage or deed of trust, a governmental entity shall provide the owner of that property with a notice of the violation and an opportunity to correct that violation.(b) This section shall not apply if the governmental entity determines that a specific condition of the property threatens public health or safety.(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 527, Sec. 1. (SB 1427) Effective January 1, 2011.)
CA Civ Code § 2929.45 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2929.45.

2929.45.  (a) An assessment or lien to recover the costs of nuisance abatement measures taken by a governmental entity with regard to property that is subject to a notice of default, that is purchased at a foreclosure sale, or that is acquired through foreclosure under a mortgage or deed of trust, shall not exceed the actual and reasonable costs of nuisance abatement.(b) A governmental entity shall not impose an assessment or lien unless the costs that constitute the assessment or lien have been adopted by the elected officials of that governmental entity at a public hearing.(Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 527, Sec. 2. (SB 1427) Effective January 1, 2011.)
CA Civ Code § [2930.] (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section [2930.].

[2930.]   Section Twenty-nine Hundred and Thirty. Title acquired by the mortgagor subsequent to the execution of the mortgage, inures to the mortgagee as security for the debt in like manner as if acquired before the execution.(Amended by Code Amendments 1873-74, Ch. 612.)
CA Civ Code § 2931 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2931.

2931.  A mortgagee may foreclose the right of redemption of the mortgagor in the manner prescribed by the Code of Civil Procedure.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2931a (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2931a.

2931a.  In any action brought to determine conflicting claims to real property, or for partition of real property or an estate for years therein, or to foreclose a deed of trust, mortgage, or other lien upon real property, or in all eminent domain proceedings under Section 1250.110 et seq., of the Code of Civil Procedure against real property upon which exists a lien to secure the payment of taxes or other obligations to an agency of the State of California, other than ad valorem taxes upon the real property, the state agency charged with the collection of the tax obligation may be made a party. In such an action, the court shall have jurisdiction to determine the priority and effect of the liens described in the complaint in or upon the real property or estate for years therein, but the jurisdiction of the court in the action shall not include a determination of the validity of the tax giving rise to the lien or claim of lien. The complaint or petition in the action shall contain a description of the lien sufficient to enable the tax or other obligation, payment of which it secures, to be identified with certainty, and shall include the name and address of the person owing the tax or other obligation, the name of the state agency that recorded the lien, and the date and place where the lien was recorded. Services of process in the action shall be made upon the agency, officer, board, commission, department, division, or other body charged with the collection of the tax or obligation. It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to represent the state agency in the action.(Amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 698, Sec. 8.)
CA Civ Code § 2931b (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2931b.

2931b.  In all actions in which the State of California is named a party pursuant to the provisions of Section 2931a and in which real property or an estate for years therein is sought to be sold, the Attorney General may, with the consent of the Department of Finance, bid upon and purchase that real property or estate for years.(Amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 698, Sec. 9.)
CA Civ Code § 2931c (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2931c.

2931c.  The Attorney General may bring an action in the courts of this or any other state or of the United States to enforce any lien to secure the payment of taxes or other obligations to the State of California under the Unemployment Insurance Code, the Revenue and Taxation Code, or Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 16180) of Part 1 of Division 4 of Title 2 of the Government Code or to subject to payment of the liability giving rise to the lien any property in which the debtor has any right, title, or interest. In any action brought under this section the court shall have jurisdiction to determine the priority and effect of the lien in or upon the property, but the jurisdiction of the court in such action shall not extend to a determination of the validity of the liability giving rise to the lien.(Amended by Stats. 1977, Ch. 1242.)
CA Civ Code § 2932 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2932.

2932.  A power of sale may be conferred by a mortgage upon the mortgagee or any other person, to be exercised after a breach of the obligation for which the mortgage is a security.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2932.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2932.5.

2932.5.  Where a power to sell real property is given to a mortgagee, or other encumbrancer, in an instrument intended to secure the payment of money, the power is part of the security and vests in any person who by assignment becomes entitled to payment of the money secured by the instrument. The power of sale may be exercised by the assignee if the assignment is duly acknowledged and recorded.(Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 820, Sec. 11. Operative July 1, 1987, by Sec. 43 of Ch. 820.)
CA Civ Code § 2932.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2932.6.

2932.6.  (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a financial institution may undertake to repair any property acquired through foreclosure under a mortgage or deed of trust.(b) As used in this section, the term “financial institution” includes, but is not limited to, banks, savings associations, credit unions, and industrial loan companies.(c) The rights granted to a financial institution by this section are in addition to, and not in derogation of, the rights of a financial institution which otherwise exist.(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 125, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Code § 2933 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2933.

2933.  A power of attorney to execute a mortgage must be in writing, subscribed, acknowledged, or proved, certified, and recorded in like manner as powers of attorney for grants of real property.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2934 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2934.

2934.  Any assignment of a mortgage and any assignment of the beneficial interest under a deed of trust may be recorded, and from the time the same is filed for record operates as constructive notice of the contents thereof to all persons; and any instrument by which any mortgage or deed of trust of, lien upon or interest in real property, (or by which any mortgage of, lien upon or interest in personal property a document evidencing or creating which is required or permitted by law to be recorded), is subordinated or waived as to priority may be recorded, and from the time the same is filed for record operates as constructive notice of the contents thereof, to all persons.(Amended by Stats. 1935, Ch. 818.)
CA Civ Code § 2934b (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2934b.

2934b.  Sections 15643 and 18102 of the Probate Code apply to trustees under deeds of trust given to secure obligations.(Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 820, Sec. 12. Operative July 1, 1987, by Sec. 43 of Ch. 820.)
CA Civ Code § 2935 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2935.

2935.  When a mortgage or deed of trust is executed as security for money due or to become due, on a promissory note, bond, or other instrument, designated in the mortgage or deed of trust, the record of the assignment of the mortgage or of the assignment of the beneficial interest under the deed of trust, is not of itself notice to the debtor, his heirs, or personal representatives, so as to invalidate any payment made by them, or any of them, to the person holding such note, bond, or other instrument.(Amended by Stats. 1931, Ch. 80.)
CA Civ Code § 2936 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2936.

2936.  The assignment of a debt secured by mortgage carries with it the security.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 2937.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2937.7.

2937.7.  In any action affecting the interest of any trustor or beneficiary under a deed of trust or mortgage, service of process to the trustee does not constitute service to the trustor or beneficiary and does not impose any obligation on the trustee to notify the trustor or beneficiary of the action.(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 530, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Code § 2939 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2939.

2939.  A recorded mortgage must be discharged by a certificate signed by the mortgagee, his personal representatives or assigns, acknowledged or proved and certified as prescribed by the chapter on “recording transfers,” stating that the mortgage has been paid, satisfied, or discharged. Reference shall be made in said certificate to the book and page where the mortgage is recorded.(Amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1865.)
CA Civ Code § 2939.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2939.5.

2939.5.  Foreign executors, administrators and guardians may satisfy mortgages upon the records of any county in this state, upon producing and recording in the office of the county recorder of the county in which such mortgage is recorded, a duly certified and authenticated copy of their letters testamentary, or of administration or of guardianship, and which certificate or authentication shall also recite that said letters have not been revoked. For the purposes of this section, “guardian” includes a foreign conservator, committee, or comparable fiduciary.(Added by renumbering Section 2939½ by Stats. 1979, Ch. 730.)
CA Civ Code § 2940 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2940.

2940.  A certificate of the discharge of a mortgage, and the proof or acknowledgment thereof, must be recorded in the office of the county recorder in which the mortgage is recorded.(Amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1865.)
CA Civ Code § 2941.1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2941.1.

2941.1.  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if no payoff demand statement is issued pursuant to Section 2943, nothing in Section 2941 shall be construed to prohibit the charging of a reconveyance fee.(Added by Stats. 2001, Ch. 438, Sec. 6. Effective October 2, 2001. Operative January 1, 2002, by Sec. 7 of Ch. 438.)
CA Civ Code § 2941.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2941.5.

2941.5.  Every person who willfully violates Section 2941 is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50) nor more than four hundred dollars ($400), or by imprisonment in the county jail for not to exceed six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.For purposes of this section, “willfully” means simply a purpose or willingness to commit the act, or make the omission referred to. It does not require an intent to violate the law, to injure another, or to acquire any advantage.(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1006, Sec. 2. Operative July 1, 1989, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 1006.)
CA Civ Code § 2942 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 3 - OBLIGATIONS|PART 4 - OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS|TITLE 14 - LIEN|CHAPTER 2 - Mortgage|ARTICLE 1 - Mortgages in General|Section 2942.

2942.  Contracts of bottomry or respondentia, although in the nature of mortgages, are not affected by any of the provisions of this Chapter.(Enacted 1872.)