reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 156d § 8.53 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 8.53 - Advance for Expenses

Section 8.53. ADVANCE FOR EXPENSES  (a) A corporation may, before final disposition of a proceeding, advance funds to pay for or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by a director who is a party to a proceeding because he is a director if he delivers to the corporation:  (1) a written affirmation of his good faith belief that he has met the relevant standard of conduct described in section 8.51 or that the proceeding involves conduct for which liability has been eliminated under a provision of the articles of organization as authorized by clause (4) of subsection (b) of section 2.02; and  (2) his written undertaking to repay any funds advanced if he is not entitled to mandatory indemnification under section 8.52 and it is ultimately determined under section 8.54 or section 8.55 that he has not met the relevant standard of conduct described in section 8.51.  (b) The undertaking required by clause (2) of subsection (a) must be an unlimited general obligation of the director but need not be secured and may be accepted without reference to the financial ability of the director to make repayment.  (c) Authorizations under this section shall be made:  (1) by the board of directors;  (i) if there are 2 or more disinterested directors, by a majority vote of all the disinterested directors, a majority of whom shall for such purpose constitute a quorum, or by a majority of the members of a committee of two or more disinterested directors appointed by the vote; or  (ii) if there are fewer than 2 disinterested directors, by the vote necessary for action by the board in accordance with subsection (c) of section 8.24, in which authorization directors who do not qualify as disinterested directors may participate; or  (2) by the shareholders, but shares owned by or voted under the control of a director who at the time does not qualify as a disinterested director may not be voted on the authorization; or  (3) as otherwise permitted by law.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 8.54 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 8.54 - Court-Ordered Indemnification and Advance for Expenses

Section 8.54. COURT–ORDERED INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCE FOR EXPENSES  (a) A director who is a party to a proceeding because he is a director may apply for indemnification or an advance for expenses to the court conducting the proceeding or to another court of competent jurisdiction. After receipt of an application and after giving any notice it considers necessary, the court shall:  (1) order indemnification if the court determines that the director is entitled to mandatory indemnification under section 8.52;  (2) order indemnification or advance for expenses if the court determines that the director is entitled to indemnification or advance for expenses pursuant to a provision authorized by subsection (a) of section 8.58; or  (3) order indemnification or advance for expenses if the court determines, in view of all the relevant circumstances, that it is fair and reasonable  (i) to indemnify the director pursuant to section 8.51, or  (ii) to advance expenses to the director, even if he has not met the relevant standard of conduct set forth in subsection (a) or (b) of sections 8.51 or 8.51 or failed to comply with section 8.53.  (b) If the court determines that the director is entitled to indemnification under clause (1) of subsection (a) or to indemnification or advance for expenses under clause (2) of subsection (a), it shall also order the corporation to pay the director's reasonable expenses incurred in connection with obtaining court-ordered indemnification or advance for expenses. If the court determines that the director is entitled to indemnification or advance for expenses under clause (3) of subsection (a), it may also order the corporation to pay the director's reasonable expenses to obtain court-ordered indemnification or advance for expenses.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 8.55 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 8.55 - Determination and Authorization of Indemnification

Section 8.55. DETERMINATION AND AUTHORIZATION OF INDEMNIFICATION  (a) A corporation may not indemnify a director under section 8.51 unless authorized for a specific proceeding after a determination has been made that indemnification of the director is permissible because he has met the relevant standard of conduct set forth in said section 8.51.  (b) The determination shall be made:  (1) if there are 2 or more disinterested directors, by the board of directors by a majority vote of all the disinterested directors, a majority of whom shall for such purpose constitute a quorum, or by a majority of the members of a committee of 2 or more disinterested directors appointed by such a vote;  (2) by special legal counsel  (i) selected in the manner prescribed in clause (1); or  (ii) if there are fewer than two disinterested directors, selected by the board of directors, in which selection directors who do not qualify as disinterested directors may participate; or  (3) by the shareholders, but shares owned by or voted under the control of a director who at the time does not qualify as a disinterested director may not be voted on the determination.  (c) Authorization of indemnification shall be made in the same manner as the determination that indemnification is permissible, except that if there are fewer than two disinterested directors, authorization of indemnification shall be made by those entitled under subclause (ii) of clause (2) of subsection (b) to select special legal counsel.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 8.56 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 8.56 - Officers

Section 8.56. OFFICERS  (a) A corporation may indemnify and advance expenses under this subdivision to an officer of the corporation who is a party to a proceeding because he is an officer of the corporation.  (1) to the same extent as a director; and  (2) if he is an officer but not a director, to such further extent as may be provided by the articles of organization, the bylaws, a resolution of the board of directors, or contract except for liability arising out of acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law.  (b) Clause (2) of subsection (a) shall apply to an officer who is also a director if the basis on which he is made a party to the proceeding is an act or omission solely as an officer.  (c) An officer of a corporation who is not a director is entitled to mandatory indemnification under section 8.52, and may apply to a court under section 8.54 for indemnification or an advance for expenses, in each case to the same extent to which a director may be entitled to indemnification or advance under those provisions.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 8.57 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 8.57 - Insurance

Section 8.57. INSURANCE  A corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of an individual who is a director or officer of the corporation, or who, while a director or officer of the corporation, serves at the corporation's request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or agent of another domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity, against liability asserted against or incurred by him in that capacity or arising from his status as a director or officer, whether or not the corporation would have power to indemnify or advance expenses to him against the same liability under this subdivision.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 8.58 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 8.58 - Variation by Corporate Action; Application of Subchapter

Section 8.58. VARIATION BY CORPORATE ACTION; APPLICATION OF SUBDIVISION  (a) A corporation may, by its articles of organization or bylaws or in a resolution adopted or a contract approved by its board of directors or shareholders, obligate itself in advance of the act or omission giving rise to a proceeding to provide indemnification in accordance with section 8.51 or section 8.56 or advance funds to pay for or reimburse expenses in accordance with section 8.53. Any such obligatory provision shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements for authorization referred to in subsection (c) of section 8.53 and in subsection (c) of section 8.55. Any such provision that obligates the corporation to provide indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law shall be considered to obligate the corporation to advance funds to pay for or reimburse expenses in accordance with section 8.53 to the fullest extent permitted by law, unless the provision specifically provides otherwise.  (b) Any provision pursuant to subsection (a) shall not obligate the corporation to indemnify or advance expenses to a director of a predecessor of the corporation, pertaining to conduct with respect to the predecessor, unless otherwise specifically provided. Any provision for indemnification or advance for expenses in the articles of incorporation, bylaws, or a resolution of the board of directors or shareholders of a predecessor of the corporation in a merger or in a contract to which the predecessor is a party, existing at the time the merger takes effect, shall be governed by clause (3) of subsection (a) of section 11.07.  (c) A corporation in its articles of organization may, limit any of the rights to indemnification or advance for expenses created by or pursuant to this subdivision.  (d) This subdivision shall not limit a corporation's power to pay or reimburse expenses incurred by a director or an officer in connection with his appearance as a witness in a proceeding at a time when he is not a party.  (e) This subdivision shall not limit a corporation's power to indemnify, advance expenses to or provide or maintain insurance on behalf of an employee or agent.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 8.59 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 8.59 - Exclusivity of Subdivision

Section 8.59. EXCLUSIVITY OF SUBDIVISION  The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this subdivision shall not be considered exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 9.20 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 9.20 - Domestication

Section 9.20. DOMESTICATION  (a) A foreign business corporation may become a domestic business corporation only if the domestication is permitted by the organic law of the foreign corporation. The laws of the commonwealth shall govern the effect of domesticating in the commonwealth pursuant to this subdivision.  (b) A domestic business corporation may become a foreign business corporation only if the domestication is permitted by the laws of the foreign jurisdiction. Regardless of whether the laws of the foreign jurisdiction require the adoption of a plan of domestication, the domestication shall be approved by the adoption by the corporation of a plan of domestication in the manner provided in this subdivision. The laws of the foreign jurisdiction shall govern the effect of domesticating in that jurisdiction.  (c) The plan of domestication adopted by a domestic business corporation shall include:  (1) a statement of the jurisdiction in which the corporation is to be domesticated;  (2) the terms and conditions of the domestication;  (3) the manner and basis of reclassifying the shares of the corporation into other shares or other securities, obligations, rights to acquire shares or other securities, cash, other property, or any combination of the foregoing; and  (4) any amendments to the articles of organization of the corporation following its domestication that may be desired.  The plan of domestication may include any other provisions relating to the domestication that may be desired.  (d) The plan of domestication may also include a provision that the plan may be amended before filing the document required by the laws of the commonwealth or the other jurisdiction to consummate the domestication, except that subsequent to the approval of the plan by the shareholders the plan may not be amended to change:  (1) the amount or kind of shares or other securities, obligations, rights to acquire shares or other securities, cash, or other property to be received by the shareholders under the plan;  (2) the articles of organization as they will be in effect immediately following the domestication, except for changes permitted by section 10.05 or by comparable laws of the other jurisdiction; or  (3) any of the other terms or conditions of the plan if the change would adversely affect any of the shareholders in any material respect.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 9.21 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 9.21 - Action on a Plan of Domestication

Section 9.21. ACTION ON A PLAN OF DOMESTICATION  In the case of a domestication of a domestic business corporation in a foreign jurisdiction:  (1) The plan of domestication shall be adopted by the board of directors.  (2) After adopting the plan of domestication the board of directors shall submit the plan to the shareholders for their approval.  (3) The board of directors may condition its submission of the plan of domestication to the shareholders on any basis.  (4) If the approval of the shareholders is to be given at a meeting, the corporation shall notify each shareholder, whether or not entitled to vote, of the meeting of shareholders at which the plan of domestication is to be submitted for approval. The notice shall state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to consider the plan and shall contain or be accompanied by a copy or summary of the plan. The notice shall include or be accompanied by a copy or a summary of the articles of organization as they will be in effect immediately after the domestication.  (5) Unless (1) a greater percentage vote, or one or more additional separate voting groups, is required by the articles of organization, pursuant to subsection (a) of section 7.27, by the bylaws, pursuant to section 10.21, or by the board of directors, acting pursuant to paragraph (3), or (2) the articles provide for a lesser percentage vote, in accordance with subsection (b) of section 7.27, approval of the plan of domestication requires approval by two-thirds of all the shares entitled generally to vote on the matter by the articles of organization, and in addition two-thirds of the shares in any voting group entitled to vote separately on the matter by this chapter, by the articles, by the bylaws, or by action of the board of directors pursuant to subsection (c) of section 9.21.  (6) Separate voting by voting groups is required by each class or series of shares that:  (i) are to be reclassified under the plan of domestication into other securities, obligations, rights to acquire shares or other securities, cash, other property or any combination of the foregoing;  (ii) would be entitled to vote as a separate group on a provision of the plan that, if contained in a proposed amendment to articles of organization, would require action by separate voting groups under section 10.04; or  (iii) is entitled under the articles of organization to vote as a voting group to approve an amendment of the articles.  (7) If the articles of organization, bylaws or an agreement to which any of the directors or shareholders are parties, adopted or entered into before the effective date of this chapter, contains a provision applying to a merger of the corporation that does not refer to a domestication of the corporation, the provision shall be deemed to apply to a domestication of the corporation until such time as the provision is amended subsequent to that date.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 9.22 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 9.22 - Articles of Domestication

Section 9.22. ARTICLES OF DOMESTICATION  (a) After the domestication of a foreign business corporation has been authorized as required by the laws of the foreign jurisdiction, articles of domestication shall be executed by any officer or other duly authorized representative. The articles shall set forth:  (1) the name of the corporation immediately before the filing of the articles of domestication and, if that name is unavailable for use in the commonwealth or the corporation desires to change its name in connection with the domestication, a name that satisfies the requirements of section 4.01;  (2) the jurisdiction of incorporation of the corporation immediately before the filing of the articles of domestication and the date the corporation was incorporated in that jurisdiction; and  (3) a statement that the domestication of the corporation in the commonwealth was duly authorized as required by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the corporation was incorporated immediately before its domestication in the commonwealth.  (b) The articles of domestication shall either contain all of the provisions that subsection (a) of section 2.02 requires to be set forth in articles of organization and other desired provisions that subsection (b) of section 2.02 permits to be included in articles of organization, or shall have attached articles of organization, except that, in either case, provisions that would not be required to be included in restated articles of organization may be omitted.  (c) The articles of domestication shall be delivered by the corporation to the secretary of state for filing and shall take effect at the effective time provided in section 1.23.  (d) The corporation shall file a copy of the articles of domestication certified by the state secretary in the registry of deeds in each district within the commonwealth in which real property of the corporation is situated. The domestication shall not be affected by this requirement.  (e) If the foreign corporation is authorized to transact business in the commonwealth under Part 15, its authority shall be cancelled automatically on the effective date of its domestication.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 9.23 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 9.23 - Surrender of Charter Upon Domestication

Section 9.23. SURRENDER OF CHARTER UPON DOMESTICATION  (a) Whenever a domestic business corporation has adopted and approved, in the manner required by this chapter, a plan of domestication providing for the corporation to be domesticated in a foreign jurisdiction, articles of charter surrender shall be executed on behalf of the corporation by any officer or other duly authorized representative. The articles of charter surrender shall set forth:  (1) the name of the corporation;  (2) a statement that the articles of charter surrender are being filed in connection with the domestication of the corporation in a foreign jurisdiction;  (3) a statement that the domestication was duly approved by the shareholders and, if voting by any separate voting group was required, by each such separate voting group, in the manner required by this chapter and the articles of organization; and  (4) the corporation's new jurisdiction of incorporation.  (b) The articles of charter surrender shall be delivered by the corporation to the secretary of state for filing. The articles of charter surrender shall take effect on the effective time provided in section 1.23.
MA Gen L ch 156d § 9.25 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156d - Business Corporations|Section 9.25 - Abandonment of a Domestication

Section 9.25. ABANDONMENT OF A DOMESTICATION  (a) Unless otherwise provided in a plan of domestication of a domestic business corporation, after the plan has been adopted and approved as required by this subdivision, and at any time before the domestication has become effective, it may be abandoned by the board of directors without action by the shareholders.  (b) If a domestication is abandoned under subsection (a) after articles of charter surrender have been filed with the secretary of state but before the domestication has become effective, a statement that the domestication has been abandoned in accordance with this section, executed by an officer or other duly authorized representative, shall be delivered to the secretary of state for filing prior to the effective date of the domestication. The statement shall take effect upon filing and the domestication shall be deemed abandoned and shall not become effective.  (c) If the domestication of a foreign business corporation into the commonwealth is abandoned in accordance with the laws of the foreign jurisdiction after articles of domestication have been filed with the secretary of state but before their effective date, a statement that the domestication has been abandoned, executed by an officer or other duly authorized representative shall be delivered to the secretary of state for filing. The statement shall take effect upon filing and the domestication shall be considered abandoned and shall not become effective.