reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Penal Code § 186.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 9 - Criminal Profiteering|Section 186.7.

186.7.  (a) If the trier of fact at the forfeiture hearing finds that the alleged property or proceeds is forfeitable pursuant to Section 186.3 and the defendant was engaged in a pattern of criminal profiteering activity, the court shall declare that property or proceeds forfeited to the state or local governmental entity, subject to distribution as provided in Section 186.8. No property solely owned by a bona fide purchaser for value shall be subject to forfeiture.(b) If the trier of fact at the forfeiture hearing finds that the alleged property is forfeitable pursuant to Section 186.3 but does not find that a person holding a valid lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract acquired that interest with actual knowledge that the property was to be used for a purpose for which forfeiture is permitted, and the amount due to that person is less than the appraised value of the property, that person may pay to the state or the local governmental entity which initiated the forfeiture proceeding, the amount of the registered owner’s equity, which shall be deemed to be the difference between the appraised value and the amount of the lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract. Upon that payment, the state or local governmental entity shall relinquish all claims to the property. If the holder of the interest elects not to make that payment to the state or local governmental entity, the property shall be deemed forfeited to the state or local governmental entity and the ownership certificate shall be forwarded. The appraised value shall be determined as of the date judgment is entered either by agreement between the legal owner and the governmental entity involved, or if they cannot agree, then by a court-appointed appraiser for the county in which the action is brought. A person holding a valid lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract shall be paid the appraised value of his or her interest.(c) If the amount due to a person holding a valid lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract is less than the value of the property and the person elects not to make payment to the governmental entity, the property shall be sold at public auction by the Department of General Services or by the local governmental entity which shall provide notice of that sale by one publication in a newspaper published and circulated in the city, community, or locality where the sale is to take place.(d) Notwithstanding subdivision (c), a county may dispose of any real property forfeited to the county pursuant to this chapter pursuant to Section 25538.5 of the Government Code.(Amended by Stats. 1992, Ch. 1020, Sec. 3.7. Effective January 1, 1993.)
CA Penal Code § 186.20 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.20.

186.20.  This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act.”(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1256, Sec. 1. Effective September 26, 1988.)
CA Penal Code § 186.21 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.21.

186.21.  The Legislature hereby finds and declares that it is the right of every person, regardless of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, sexual orientation, or handicap, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of the constitutionally protected rights of freedom of expression and association. The Legislature hereby recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any lawful subject whatsoever, to lawfully associate with others who share similar beliefs, to petition lawfully constituted authority for a redress of perceived grievances, and to participate in the electoral process.The Legislature, however, further finds that the State of California is in a state of crisis which has been caused by violent street gangs whose members threaten, terrorize, and commit a multitude of crimes against the peaceful citizens of their neighborhoods. These activities, both individually and collectively, present a clear and present danger to public order and safety and are not constitutionally protected. The Legislature finds that there are nearly 600 criminal street gangs operating in California, and that the number of gang-related murders is increasing. The Legislature also finds that in Los Angeles County alone there were 328 gang-related murders in 1986, and that gang homicides in 1987 have increased 80 percent over 1986. It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this chapter to seek the eradication of criminal activity by street gangs by focusing upon patterns of criminal gang activity and upon the organized nature of street gangs, which together, are the chief source of terror created by street gangs. The Legislature further finds that an effective means of punishing and deterring the criminal activities of street gangs is through forfeiture of the profits, proceeds, and instrumentalities acquired, accumulated, or used by street gangs.(Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 719, Sec. 30. (AB 887) Effective January 1, 2012.)
CA Penal Code § 186.23 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.23.

186.23.  This chapter does not apply to employees engaged in concerted activities for their mutual aid and protection, or the activities of labor organizations or their members or agents.(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1256, Sec. 1. Effective September 26, 1988.)
CA Penal Code § 186.24 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.24.

186.24.  If any part or provision of this chapter, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter, including the application of that part or provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby and shall continue in full force and effect. To this end, the provisions of this chapter are severable.(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1256, Sec. 1. Effective September 26, 1988.)
CA Penal Code § 186.25 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.25.

186.25.  Nothing in this chapter shall prevent a local governing body from adopting and enforcing laws consistent with this chapter relating to gangs and gang violence. Where local laws duplicate or supplement this chapter, this chapter shall be construed as providing alternative remedies and not as preempting the field.(Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1256, Sec. 1. Effective September 26, 1988.)
CA Penal Code § 186.26 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.26.

186.26.  (a) Any person who solicits or recruits another to actively participate in a criminal street gang, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 186.22, with the intent that the person solicited or recruited participate in a pattern of criminal street gang activity, as defined in subdivision (e) of Section 186.22, or with the intent that the person solicited or recruited promote, further, or assist in any felonious conduct by members of the criminal street gang, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, or two or three years.(b) Any person who threatens another person with physical violence on two or more separate occasions within any 30-day period with the intent to coerce, induce, or solicit any person to actively participate in a criminal street gang, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 186.22, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or four years.(c) Any person who uses physical violence to coerce, induce, or solicit another person to actively participate in any criminal street gang, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 186.22, or to prevent the person from leaving a criminal street gang, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for three, four, or five years.(d) If the person solicited, recruited, coerced, or threatened pursuant to subdivision (a), (b), or (c) is a minor, an additional term of three years shall be imposed in addition and consecutive to the penalty prescribed for a violation of any of these subdivisions.(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit prosecution under any other provision of law.(Amended (as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15) by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 8. (AB 117) Effective June 30, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, pursuant to Secs. 68 and 69 of Ch. 39. Note: This section was repealed and added on March 7, 2000, by initiative Prop. 21.)
CA Penal Code § 186.28 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.28.

186.28.  (a) Any person, corporation, or firm who shall knowingly supply, sell, or give possession or control of any firearm to another shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in a county jail for a term not exceeding one year, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment if all of the following apply:(1) The person, corporation, or firm has actual knowledge that the person will use the firearm to commit a felony described in subdivision (e) of Section 186.22, while actively participating in any criminal street gang, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 186.22, the members of which engage in a pattern of criminal activity, as defined in subdivision (e) of Section 186.22.(2) The firearm is used to commit the felony.(3) A conviction for the felony violation under subdivision (e) of Section 186.22 has first been obtained of the person to whom the firearm was supplied, sold, or given possession or control pursuant to this section.(b) This section shall only be applicable where the person is not convicted as a principal to the felony offense committed by the person to whom the firearm was supplied, sold, or given possession or control pursuant to this section. (Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 278. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)
CA Penal Code § 186.30 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.30.

186.30.  (a) Any person described in subdivision (b) shall register with the chief of police of the city in which he or she resides, or the sheriff of the county if he or she resides in an unincorporated area, within 10 days of release from custody or within 10 days of his or her arrival in any city, county, or city and county to reside there, whichever occurs first.(b) Subdivision (a) shall apply to any person convicted in a criminal court or who has had a petition sustained in a juvenile court in this state for any of the following offenses:(1) Subdivision (a) of Section 186.22.(2) Any crime where the enhancement specified in subdivision (b) of Section 186.22 is found to be true.(3) Any crime that the court finds is gang related at the time of sentencing or disposition.(Added March 7, 2000, by initiative Proposition 21, Sec. 7.)
CA Penal Code § 186.31 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.31.

186.31.  At the time of sentencing in adult court, or at the time of the dispositional hearing in the juvenile court, the court shall inform any person subject to Section 186.30 of his or her duty to register pursuant to that section. This advisement shall be noted in the court minute order. The court clerk shall send a copy of the minute order to the law enforcement agency with jurisdiction for the last known address of the person subject to registration under Section 186.30. The parole officer or the probation officer assigned to that person shall verify that he or she has complied with the registration requirements of Section 186.30.(Added March 7, 2000, by initiative Proposition 21, Sec. 8.)
CA Penal Code § 186.32 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.32.

186.32.  (a) The registration required by Section 186.30 shall consist of the following:(1) Juvenile registration shall include the following:(A) The juvenile shall appear at the law enforcement agency with a parent or guardian.(B) The law enforcement agency shall serve the juvenile and the parent with a California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act notification which shall include, where applicable, that the juvenile belongs to a gang whose members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity as described in subdivision (e) of Section 186.22.(C) A written statement signed by the juvenile, giving any information that may be required by the law enforcement agency, shall be submitted to the law enforcement agency.(D) The fingerprints and current photograph of the juvenile shall be submitted to the law enforcement agency.(2) Adult registration shall include the following:(A) The adult shall appear at the law enforcement agency.(B) The law enforcement agency shall serve the adult with a California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act notification which shall include, where applicable, that the adult belongs to a gang whose members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity as described in subdivision (e) of Section 186.22.(C) A written statement, signed by the adult, giving any information that may be required by the law enforcement agency, shall be submitted to the law enforcement agency.(D) The fingerprints and current photograph of the adult shall be submitted to the law enforcement agency.(b) Within 10 days of changing his or her residence address, any person subject to Section 186.30 shall inform, in writing, the law enforcement agency with whom he or she last registered of his or her new address. If his or her new residence address is located within the jurisdiction of a law enforcement agency other than the agency where he or she last registered, he or she shall register with the new law enforcement agency, in writing, within 10 days of the change of residence.(c) All registration requirements set forth in this article shall terminate five years after the last imposition of a registration requirement pursuant to Section 186.30.(d) The statements, photographs and fingerprints required under this section shall not be open to inspection by any person other than a regularly employed peace or other law enforcement officer.(e) Nothing in this section or Section 186.30 or 186.31 shall preclude a court in its discretion from imposing the registration requirements as set forth in those sections in a gang-related crime.(Added March 7, 2000, by initiative Proposition 21, Sec. 9.)
CA Penal Code § 186.33 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.33.

186.33.  (a) Any person required to register pursuant to Section 186.30 who knowingly violates any of its provisions is guilty of a misdemeanor.(b) (1) Any person who knowingly fails to register pursuant to Section 186.30 and is subsequently convicted of, or any person for whom a petition is subsequently sustained for a violation of, any of the offenses specified in Section 186.30, shall be punished by an additional term of imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, or two or three years. The court shall order imposition of the middle term unless there are circumstances in aggravation or mitigation. The court shall state its reasons for the enhancement choice on the record at the time of sentencing.(2) The existence of any fact bringing a person under this subdivision shall be alleged in the information, indictment, or petition, and be either admitted by the defendant or minor in open court, or found to be true or not true by the trier of fact.(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2022.(Amended (as amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 508, Sec. 4) by Stats. 2016, Ch. 887, Sec. 4. (SB 1016) Effective January 1, 2017. Section operative January 1, 2022, by its own provisions. Note: Section 186.33 was amended on March 7, 2000, by initiative Prop. 21.)
CA Penal Code § 186.35 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 7 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE|CHAPTER 11 - Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act|Section 186.35.

186.35.  (a) A person who is listed by a law enforcement agency in a shared gang database as a gang member, suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate and who has contested his or her designation pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 186.34, may petition the court to review the law enforcement agency’s denial of the request for removal and to order the law enforcement agency to remove the person from the shared gang database. The petition may be brought by the person or the person’s attorney, or if the person is under 18 years of age, by his or her parent or guardian or an attorney on behalf of the parent or guardian.(b) The petition shall be filed and served within 90 calendar days of the agency’s mailing or personal service of the verification of the decision to deny the request for removal from the shared gang database or the date that the request is deemed denied under subdivision (e) of Section 186.34. A proceeding under this subdivision is not a criminal case. The petition shall be filed in either the superior court of the county in which the local law enforcement agency is located or, if the person resides in California, in the county in which the person resides. A copy of the petition shall be served on the agency in person or by first-class mail. Proof of service of the petition on the agency shall be filed in the superior court. For purposes of computing the 90-calendar-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable.(c) The evidentiary record for the court’s determination of the petition shall be limited to the agency’s statement of the basis of its designation made pursuant to subdivision (c) or (d) of Section 186.34, and the documentation provided to the agency by the person contesting the designation pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 186.34.(d) If, upon de novo review of the record and any arguments presented to the court, the court finds that the law enforcement agency has failed to establish the person’s active gang membership, associate status, or affiliate status by clear and convincing evidence, the court shall order the law enforcement agency to remove the name of the person from the shared gang database.(e) The fee for filing the petition is as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. The court shall notify the person of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the petition. If the court finds in favor of the person, the amount of the fee shall be reimbursed to the person by the agency. (Repealed and added by Stats. 2017, Ch. 695, Sec. 6. (AB 90) Effective January 1, 2018.)
CA Penal Code § 187 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 187.

187.  (a) Murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought.(b) This section shall not apply to any person who commits an act that results in the death of a fetus if any of the following apply:(1) The act complied with the Therapeutic Abortion Act, Article 2 (commencing with Section 123400) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 106 of the Health and Safety Code.(2) The act was committed by a holder of a physician’s and surgeon’s certificate, as defined in the Business and Professions Code, in a case where, to a medical certainty, the result of childbirth would be death of the mother of the fetus or where her death from childbirth, although not medically certain, would be substantially certain or more likely than not.(3) The act was solicited, aided, abetted, or consented to by the mother of the fetus.(c) Subdivision (b) shall not be construed to prohibit the prosecution of any person under any other provision of law.(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 1023, Sec. 385. Effective September 29, 1996.)
CA Penal Code § 188 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 188.

188.  (a) For purposes of Section 187, malice may be express or implied.(1) Malice is express when there is manifested a deliberate intention to unlawfully take away the life of a fellow creature.(2) Malice is implied when no considerable provocation appears, or when the circumstances attending the killing show an abandoned and malignant heart.(3) Except as stated in subdivision (e) of Section 189, in order to be convicted of murder, a principal in a crime shall act with malice aforethought. Malice shall not be imputed to a person based solely on his or her participation in a crime.(b) If it is shown that the killing resulted from an intentional act with express or implied malice, as defined in subdivision (a), no other mental state need be shown to establish the mental state of malice aforethought. Neither an awareness of the obligation to act within the general body of laws regulating society nor acting despite that awareness is included within the definition of malice.(Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 1015, Sec. 2. (SB 1437) Effective January 1, 2019.)