reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-165 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-165 - Records of corporations and public offices.

 The entries or records of all corporations and all public offices, where entries or records are made of their acts, votes and proceedings, by some officer appointed for that purpose, may be proved by a copy certified under the hand of such officer, and the seal of such corporation or office, if any; and, if any such officer knowingly makes a false certificate, he shall be subject to the penalties provided for false statement.(1949 Rev., S. 7888; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 120.)History: 1971 act specified that person who makes a false certificate is punishable by penalties for perjury rather than by penalties for false statement as was previously the case.Certificate of the clerk indispensable, if it can be had. 26 C. 416. The record must be copied at length. 21 C. 112; 67 C. 459. Proceedings of municipal corporation, which should be recorded, cannot be proved by parol. 40 C. 105. Refers only to domestic entries, files or records. 73 C. 602. Applies to registrar of births, marriages and deaths. 74 C. 706; Id., 718; 98 C. 542; 99 C. 277; 103 C. 516. Stock books of corporation admissible in action against stockholder. 73 C. 379. Records of board of aldermen or city council. 64 C. 237; 81 C. 142. Docket entries of referee in bankruptcy. 69 C. 502; 75 C. 611. Abstract of tax list. 76 C. 174. Reports of selectmen of town. 72 C. 561; 121 U.S. 121. Record of town meeting. 78 C. 98. Records of deeds. 75 C. 68; 78 C. 106. Every state determines what shall constitute record in its courts. 69 C. 493. Records of foreign courts. Id.; 73 C. 588. Effect of copy. 74 C. 718. Certificate of registrar of births admissible to prove any official fact stated therein; as paternity of child. 98 C. 542. Copy of report of state chemist stating alcoholic content of liquor held admissible. 103 C. 515. Certificate of medical examiner stating that in his opinion death was suicidal is admissible to establish that fact; but jury should be cautioned that it is statement of opinion. 102 C. 486. Cited. 128 C. 279. Report of laboratory test which had been made by public agency under duty to perform such tests is competent evidence of its contents under public records exception to hearsay rule. 160 C. 1. Cited. 166 C. 439; 176 C. 131; 181 C. 454; 201 C. 1; 204 C. 507; 211 C. 555.Cited. 25 CA 217. Certificate was properly admitted into evidence because section has no provision requiring corporate officer to state he is authorized to act in the manner in which he is acting, but merely prescribes that the act may be proved by a document under seal. 51 CA 733.Cited. 38 CS 384; 42 CS 602.Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 487.
CT Gen Stat § 52-166 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-166 - Orders of state officials.

 Any order made by any state official in the performance of his duties may be proved in any court by a copy of such order certified by the person having the legal custody of the same.(1949 Rev., S. 7889; P.A. 90-19, S. 3.)History: P.A. 90-19 deleted references to any “regulation” made by any state official.See Sec. 52-163 re judicial notice of regulations of state agencies.Court could take judicial notice of regulation of public utilities commission, copy of which was placed before it under certificate of commission's secretary. 113 C. 416. Where regulations cover broad field, proper procedure is to ask court to take judicial notice of applicable portion only and regulations in entirety should not be admitted as exhibit in evidence. 149 C. 192. Cited. 186 C. 370; 204 C. 507; 211 C. 555.Cited. 23 CA 366.Cited. 42 CS 602.
CT Gen Stat § 52-167 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-167 - Corporation certificates; copies as prima facie evidence.

 A copy of any certificate filed by any corporation for record in the office of the Secretary of the State in compliance with the requirements of law shall, when attested by said secretary under his hand and the seal of the state, be prima facie evidence of the facts set forth therein.(1949 Rev., S. 7890.)Certificate is prima facie evidence not merely that the corporation is a legal entity, but that there is no legal bar to its transaction of business as such. 56 C. 97. Object of statute stated. 66 C. 21. Certificate of incorporation in another state. 73 C. 379. Cited. 103 C. 519; 204 C. 507; 211 C. 555.Cited. 42 CS 602.
CT Gen Stat § 52-168 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-168 - U.S. revenue stamps on recorded documents.

 Certified copies of any memorandum made by a recording officer, showing the amount of the United States internal revenue stamps affixed to any document lodged for record in his office, and of their cancellation, shall be admissible in evidence.(1949 Rev., S. 7891.)Stamp act of Congress construed. 32 C. 95. Congress has no power to make a stamp an essential part of state process. 35 C. 45. Act requiring stamp on instruments used as evidence applies only to federal courts. Id., 240; 40 C. 330; 73 C. 665. Cited. 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-169 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-169 - Protests of bills and notes.

 Protests of inland bills of exchange and promissory notes, protested without this state, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated.(1949 Rev., S. 7892.)If protest states that due notice was given to the endorser in a particular way, statute makes this evidence that such notice was in fact given. 33 C. 95. Cited. 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-170 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-170 - Records of directors of health and religious societies.

 The records of the proceedings of directors of health of towns or of any ecclesiastical society or religious congregation, or copies thereof, certified by its clerk, shall be admissible evidence of such proceedings in all courts.(1949 Rev., S. 7893.)Form of certificate. 14 C. 279. Church records of marriages and baptisms. 93 C. 39. Cited. 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-171 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-171 - Sworn copies of files and records.

 The files, records, votes and proceedings of any court, community, corporation, society or public board, having a clerk, may, when he is absent or unable to perform the duties of his office, be proved in any court by copies examined and sworn to by credible witnesses.(1949 Rev., S. 7894.)Cited. 4 D. 436; 2 C. 377; 5 C. 538. Such witnesses must testify in court. 26 C. 425. Parol evidence of the proceedings of the common council of a city, held inadmissible. 40 C. 104. Refers only to domestic entries, files or records. 73 C. 602. Cited. 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-173 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-173 - Entries admissible for those claiming title from decedent.

 Whenever the entries and written memoranda of a deceased person would be admissible in favor of his representatives, such entries and memoranda may be admitted in favor of any person claiming title under or from the decedent.(1949 Rev., S. 7896.)Apparently designed as an extension of the operation of Sec. 52-172. 56 C. 340. Cited. 63 C. 413; 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-174a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-174a - Admissibility of reports or bills re pregnancy, childbirth or genetic or blood testing as business record.

 In any action, petition or proceeding under chapters 815j, 815y and 816, any reports or bills related to pregnancy, childbirth or genetic or blood testing, shall be admissible into evidence as a business record without the need of further foundation, provided any such report or bill is certified to be the original or a copy thereof by the creator or custodian of such report or bill and shall constitute prima facie evidence of amounts incurred for such services or tests. The use of any such report or bill in lieu of actual testimony shall not give rise to any adverse inference concerning the testimony of the creator of the record. This section shall not be construed to prohibit any party or the court from calling any such medical practitioner as a witness.(June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-7, S. 18, 38.)History: June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-7 effective July 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 52-175 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-175 - Entries and memoranda of mentally ill and incapable persons.

 (a) In the trial of any civil action in which any party is, at the time of the trial, mentally ill or unable to testify by reason of incurable sickness, failing mind, old age, infirmity or senility, the entries and memoranda of the party, made while he was sane and which are relevant to the matter in issue, may be received as evidence.(b) If the entries and memoranda of any such mentally ill person or person unable to testify would be admissible, under the provisions of this section, in his favor in any action to which he is a party, the entries and memoranda may be admitted in favor of any person claiming title under or from the mentally ill person or person unable to testify.(c) The court shall determine, upon competent evidence, as a preliminary question of fact, whether the provisions of this section apply to any party or parties to any action on trial before it.(1949 Rev., S. 7897; P.A. 82-160, S. 79; P.A. 83-587, S. 62, 96.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators; P.A. 83-587 made a technical amendment to Subsec. (a).Cited. 168 C. 498; 211 C. 555.Statute does not apply if person making the statement is not a party. 49 CA 365.
CT Gen Stat § 52-175a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-175a - Negligence action, construction of acts of blind person.

 The failure of a blind person to use a guide dog or to carry a cane or walking stick which is predominantly white or metallic in color, with or without red tip, shall not be construed as evidence of comparative or contributory negligence in any negligence action.(P.A. 73-279, S. 4.)See Sec. 1-1f for definitions of “blind” and “physically disabled”.Cited. 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-176 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-176 - Promise to pay barred debt to be in writing.

 In any action against the representatives of a deceased person, an acknowledgment or promise shall not be sufficient evidence of a new or continuing contract to take the case out of the statute of limitations, unless it is contained in a writing made or signed by the party to be charged thereby. This provision shall not alter the effect of any payment of principal or interest.(1949 Rev., S. 7898; P.A. 82-160, S. 80.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Statute applies to claims presented against estates. 68 C. 305, 306. Signature to letter made by stenographer by means of a rubber stamp, held a sufficient compliance with statute. 73 C. 346. Unequivocal acknowledgment enough; reference to extraneous papers. 80 C. 415. Letters of administrator as such though sole heir, held not to remove bar. 84 C. 54. Effect of act of executor in charging debt in his account. Id., 137. In action on insurance policy, assignment by deceased to secure debt made after debt barred, held sufficient evidence. 88 C. 544. Cited. 129 C. 544. Statute applies where action commenced prior to death of executrix' decedent. 178 C. 529. Cited. 211 C. 555.Cited. 17 CS 222.
CT Gen Stat § 52-177 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-177 - Action on bond. Burden of proving value of principal's interest.

 Whenever, in any action brought upon a bond given in accordance with the provisions of section 52-308, the defendant sets up in his answer, or claims, that the interest of the principal in the bond in the property attached in the action in which the bond was given was, at the time of the giving of the bond, of less value than the amount ordered by the process in the action to be attached, the burden of proving the actual value of the interest shall be upon the defendant.(1949 Rev., S. 7900; P.A. 82-160, S. 81.)History: P.A. 82-160 replaced “suit” with “action” and “such” with “the” where appearing.Statute construed; presumption as to value. 58 C. 437; 102 C. 689; 109 C. 364. Cited. 86 C. 620. Recital in bond that attachment was placed on property of J. and E. estops parties to it from claiming that J. did not have any interest at all in the property. 114 C. 98. The burden of proving actual value of principal's interest is on defendant. 138 C. 428. Cited. 141 C. 675; 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-178a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-178a - Physical examination of plaintiff, when.

 In any action to recover damages for personal injuries, the court or judge may order the plaintiff to submit to a physical examination by one or more physicians or surgeons. No party may be compelled to undergo a physical examination by any physician to whom he objects in writing submitted to the court or judge.(February, 1965, P.A. 477; P.A. 82-160, S. 83.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Cited. 211 C. 555.History discussed; this section is an extension of Sec. 52-178 providing that an adverse party must testify; discussion of legislative intent; it is within the discretion of the court to decide whether plaintiff's objection to the examination is reasonable and to order said examination if plaintiff does not sustain his burden of proof. 26 CS 338. Plaintiff's objection to particular doctor was sustained where it appeared on oral argument he would have accepted examination by others. 28 CS 11. Cited. 40 CS 265. Legislative history analyzed; second sentence provides that right of a party to object to a physician is unconditional. 46 CS 301.
CT Gen Stat § 52-179 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-179 - Seal and its equivalent.

 All instruments in writing executed by any person or corporation not having an official or corporate seal, purporting and intended to be a specialty or under seal, and not otherwise sealed than by the addition of the word “seal” or the letters “L.S.”, or, in the case of an official or corporate seal, by an impression of such seal upon the paper or other material employed, shall be deemed in all respects sealed instruments, and received in evidence as such.(1949 Rev., S. 7902.)A scrawl is no seal at common law. 17 C. 343. Effect of section and of seal upon an instrument in general. 97 C. 196. Word “seal” or letters “L.S.” do not make instrument a specialty unless instrument itself purports to be a specialty and it was intended to be. 110 C. 413. Cited. 141 C. 583; 211 C. 555.Affixing of corporate seal on instrument renders it in all respects a sealed instrument. 2 CS 163. Whether or not a mark is a seal depends on the intent. 9 CS 393. Word “seal” does not automatically denote intention to make a sealed instrument. 30 CS 596.Whether defendants adopted seal was under pleading, a question of contested fact; consequently, intention of defendants with reference to their sealing of instrument should not, as it was, have been disposed of summarily as matter of law. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 78, 84.
CT Gen Stat § 52-180a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-180a - Admissibility of out-of-state hospital record or bill for treatment.

 Any and all parts of any hospital record or bill for treatment, or copy thereof, made by a hospital located without this state in connection with the treatment of a patient, if not otherwise inadmissible, shall be admissible in evidence without any preliminary testimony if there is attached thereto the certification in affidavit form of the person in charge of the record room of the hospital or his authorized assistant indicating that such record, bill or copy is the original record or bill or a copy thereof, made in the regular course of the business of the hospital, and that it was the regular course of such business to make such record or bill at the time of the transaction, occurrence or event recorded therein or within a reasonable time thereafter.(P.A. 89-156.)Cited. 31 CA 94.
CT Gen Stat § 52-180b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-180b - Presumption against admission of evidence of prior criminal conviction of applicant or employee.

 There shall be a rebuttable presumption against admission of evidence of the prior criminal conviction of an applicant or employee in an action alleging that an employer has been negligent in hiring an applicant or retaining an employee, or in supervising the employer's agent, representative or designee with respect to hiring an applicant or retaining an employee, if the applicant or employee held a valid provisional pardon or certificate of rehabilitation at the time such alleged negligence occurred and a party establishes, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the employer knew that the applicant or employee held a valid provisional pardon or certificate of rehabilitation at the time such alleged negligence occurred. For the purposes of this section, “employer” has the same meaning as provided in section 31-51i.(P.A. 14-27, S. 7.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-180c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-180c - Admissibility of evidence of sexual misconduct.

 (a) As used in this section: (1) “Sexual misconduct” means any act that is prohibited by section 53a-70, 53a-70a, 53a-70b, 53a-70c, 53a-71, 53a-72a, 53a-72b or 53a-73a, and any act that constitutes sexual harassment, as defined in subdivision (8) of subsection (b) of section 46a-60; and (2) “victim” includes an alleged victim.(b) The following evidence is not admissible in a civil proceeding involving alleged sexual misconduct: (1) Evidence offered to prove that a victim engaged in other sexual behavior; or (2) evidence offered to prove a victim's sexual predisposition.(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the court may admit the evidence in a civil case if the probative value of such evidence substantially outweighs the danger of (1) harm to any victim; and (2) unfair prejudice to any party. The court may admit evidence of a victim's reputation only if the victim has placed the victim's reputation in controversy.(d) If a party intends to offer evidence under subsection (c) of this section, the party shall: (1) File a motion by lodging a record pursuant to the requirements set forth in the Connecticut Practice Book that specifically describes the evidence and states the purpose for which it is to be offered; (2) file such motion not later than fourteen days before the date on which the case is to be heard, unless the court, for good cause shown, prescribes a different time for the filing of such motion; (3) serve the motion on all parties in accordance with the rules of the court; and (4) notify the victim or, when appropriate, the victim's guardian or representative.(e) Before admitting evidence pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, the court shall conduct an in camera hearing and give the parties and the victim the right to attend such hearing and be heard. Unless the court orders otherwise, the motion, related materials and the record of the hearing shall be sealed and remain sealed.(P.A. 19-16, S. 12.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-181 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-181 - Evidence of death or capture.

 An official written report or record, or certified copy thereof, that a person is missing, missing in action, interned in a neutral country or beleaguered, besieged or captured by an enemy, or is dead, or is alive, made by any officer or employee of the United States authorized by any law of the United States to make the same, shall be received in any court, office or other place in this state as evidence that such person is missing, missing in action, interned in a neutral country or beleaguered, besieged or captured by an enemy, or is dead, or is alive, as the case may be.(1955, S. 3160d.)Cited. 211 C. 555.
CT Gen Stat § 52-184a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-184a - Evidence obtained illegally by electronic device inadmissible.

 No evidence obtained illegally by the use of any electronic device is admissible in any court of this state.(1967, P.A. 871.)See Sec. 53a-187 et seq re tampering with private communications and eavesdropping.Cited. 211 C. 555.Cited. 15 CA 529.Cited. 39 CS 392.
CT Gen Stat § 52-184b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 899 - Evidence|Section 52-184b - Failure to bill and advance payments inadmissible in malpractice cases.

 (a) For the purposes of this section, “health care provider” means any person, corporation, facility or institution licensed by this state to provide health care or professional services, or an officer, employee or agent thereof acting in the course and scope of his employment.(b) The failure of a health care provider to bill a patient for services rendered shall not be construed as an admission of liability and shall not be admissible in evidence as to liability in any trial for malpractice, error or omission against a health care provider in connection with the provision of health care or professional services.(c) Any advance payment for medical bills by a health care provider or by the insurer of a health care provider shall not be construed as an admission of liability and shall not be admissible in evidence as to liability in any trial for malpractice, error or omission against a health care provider in connection with the provision of health care or professional services.(P.A. 76-125, S. 1–3.)Cited. 211 C. 555; 242 C. 1.