reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 18.2-403.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 8 - Crimes Involving Morals and Decency|§ 18.2-403.1. Offenses involving animals — Class 1 misdemeanors

The following unlawful acts and offenses against animals shall constitute and be punished as a Class 1 misdemeanor:1. Violation of subsection A of § 3.2-6570 pertaining to cruelty to animals, except as provided for second or subsequent violations in that section.2. Violation of § 3.2-6508 pertaining to transporting animals under certain conditions.3. Making a false claim or receiving money on a false claim under § 3.2-6553 pertaining to compensation for livestock and poultry killed by dogs.4. Violation of § 3.2-6518 pertaining to boarding establishments and groomers as defined in § 3.2-6500.5. Violation of § 3.2-6504 pertaining to the abandonment of animals.6. Violation of subdivision B 3 of § 3.2-6587 pertaining to an animal confinement agreement or plan set forth in § 3.2-6562.1.1984, c. 492; 1992, c. 177; 1993, c. 174; 1996, c. 249; 1999, c. 620; 2018, c. 416; 2020, c. 1183.
VA Code § 18.2-403.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 8 - Crimes Involving Morals and Decency|§ 18.2-403.2. Offenses involving animals — Class 3 misdemeanors

The following unlawful acts and offenses against animals shall constitute and be punished as a Class 3 misdemeanor:1. Violation of § 3.2-6511 pertaining to the failure of a shopkeeper or pet dealer to provide adequate care to animals.2. Violation of § 3.2-6509 pertaining to the misrepresentation of an animal's condition by the shopkeeper or pet dealer.3. Violation of § 3.2-6510 pertaining to the sale of baby fowl.4. Violation of clause (iv) of subsection A of § 3.2-6570 pertaining to soring horses.5. Violation of § 3.2-6519 pertaining to notice of consumer remedies required to be supplied by boarding establishments.1984, c. 492; 1992, c. 177; 1993, c. 174; 1999, c. 620; 2003, c. 787; 2008, cc. 543, 707; 2018, c. 416; 2019, cc. 536, 537.
VA Code § 18.2-403.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 8 - Crimes Involving Morals and Decency|§ 18.2-403.3. Offenses involving animals — Class 4 misdemeanors

The following unlawful acts and offenses against animals shall constitute and be punished as a Class 4 misdemeanor:1. Violation of § 3.2-6566 pertaining to interference of agents charged with preventing cruelty to animals.2. Violation of § 3.2-6573 pertaining to shooting pigeons.3. Violation of § 3.2-6554 pertaining to disposing of the body of a dead companion animal.4. Unless otherwise punishable under subsection B of § 3.2-6587, violation of ordinances passed pursuant to §§ 3.2-6522 and 3.2-6525 pertaining to rabid dogs and preventing the spread of rabies and the running at large of vicious dogs.5. Violation of an ordinance passed pursuant to § 3.2-6539 requiring dogs to be on a leash.6. Failure by any person to secure and exhibit the permits required by § 29.1-422 pertaining to field trails, night trails and foxhounds.7. Diseased dogs. — For the owner of any dog with a contagious or infectious disease, other than rabies, to permit such dog to stray from his premises if such disease is known to the owner.8. License application. — For any person to make a false statement in order to secure a dog or cat license to which he is not entitled.9. License tax. — For any dog or cat owner to fail to pay any license tax required by subsection A or C of § 3.2-6530 within one month after the date when it is due. In addition, the court may order confiscation and the proper disposition of the dog or cat.10. Concealing a dog or cat. — For any person to conceal or harbor any dog or cat on which any required license tax has not been paid.11. Removing collar and tag. — For any person, except the owner or custodian, to remove a legally acquired license tag from a dog or cat without the permission of the owner or custodian.12. Violation of § 3.2-6503 pertaining to care of animals by owner.1984, c. 492; 1993, cc. 174, 817; 2017, cc. 559, 567; 2020, c. 1183.
VA Code § 18.2-403.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 8 - Crimes Involving Morals and Decency|§ 18.2-403.4. Unauthorized release of animals; penalty

Any person who intentionally releases an animal, as defined in § 3.2-6500, lawfully confined for scientific, research, commercial, agricultural or educational purposes without the consent of the owner or custodian of the animal and with the intent to impede or obstruct any such lawful purpose shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.1992, c. 307.
VA Code § 18.2-404 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-404. Obstructing free passage of others

Any person or persons who in any public place or on any private property open to the public unreasonably or unnecessarily obstructs the free passage of other persons to and from or within such place or property and who shall fail or refuse to cease such obstruction or move on when requested to do so by the owner or lessee or agent or employee of such owner or lessee or by a duly authorized law-enforcement officer shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit lawful picketing.Code 1950, § 18.1-254.01; 1968, c. 608; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-405 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-405. What constitutes a riot; punishment

Any unlawful use, by three or more persons acting together, of force or violence which seriously jeopardizes the public safety, peace or order is riot.Every person convicted of participating in any riot shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.If such person carried, at the time of such riot, any firearm or other deadly or dangerous weapon, he shall be guilty of a Class 5 felony.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-254.1, 18.1-254.2; 1968, c. 460; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 251; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-406 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-406. What constitutes an unlawful assembly; punishment

Whenever three or more persons assembled share the common intent to advance some lawful or unlawful purpose by the commission of an act or acts of unlawful force or violence likely to jeopardize seriously public safety, peace or order, and the assembly actually tends to inspire persons of ordinary courage with well-grounded fear of serious and immediate breaches of public safety, peace or order, then such assembly is an unlawful assembly. Every person who participates in any unlawful assembly shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. If any such person carried, at the time of his participation in an unlawful assembly, any firearm or other deadly or dangerous weapon, he shall be guilty of a Class 5 felony.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-254.1, 18.1-254.3; 1968, c. 460; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 251; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-407 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-407. Remaining at place of riot or unlawful assembly after warning to disperse

Every person, except the owner or lessee of the premises, his family and nonrioting guests, and public officers and persons assisting them, who remains at the place of any riot or unlawful assembly after having been lawfully warned to disperse, shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-254.4; 1968, c. 460; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 251; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-408 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-408. Conspiracy; incitement, etc., to riot

Any person who conspires with others to cause or produce a riot, or directs, incites, or solicits other persons who participate in a riot to acts of force or violence, shall be guilty of a Class 5 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-254.5:1; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 251; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-409 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-409. Resisting or obstructing execution of legal process

Every person acting jointly or in combination with any other person to resist or obstruct the execution of any legal process shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-254.6; 1968, c. 460; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-410 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-410. Power of Governor to summon law-enforcement agencies, national guard, etc., to execute process or preserve the peace

If it appears to the Governor that the power of the locality is not sufficient to enable the sheriff or other officer to execute process delivered to him or to suppress riots and to preserve the peace, he may order law-enforcement agencies, national guard, militia or other agencies of the Commonwealth or localities as may be necessary to execute such process and to preserve the peace. All persons so ordered or summoned by the Governor are required to attend and act. Any person who, without lawful cause, refuses or neglects to obey the command, shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-254.7; 1968, c. 460; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-411 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-411. Dispersal of unlawful or riotous assemblies; duties of officers

When any number of persons, whether armed or not, are unlawfully or riotously assembled, the sheriff of the county and his deputies, the police officials of the county, city or town, and any assigned militia, or any of them, shall go among the persons assembled or as near to them as safety will permit and command them in the name of the Commonwealth immediately to disperse. If upon such command the persons unlawfully assembled do not disperse immediately, such sheriff, officer or militia may use such force as is reasonably necessary to disperse them and to arrest those who fail or refuse to disperse. To accomplish this end, the sheriff or other law-enforcement officer may request and use the assistance and services of private citizens. Every endeavor shall be used, both by such sheriff or other officers and by the officer commanding any other force, which can be made consistently with the preservation of life, to induce or force those unlawfully assembled to disperse before an attack is made upon those unlawfully assembled by which their lives may be endangered.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-254.8, 18.1-254.9; 1968, c. 460; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-412 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-412. Immunity of officers and others in quelling a riot or unlawful assembly

No liability, criminal or civil, shall be imposed upon any person authorized to disperse or assist in dispersing a riot or unlawful assembly for any action of such person which was taken after those rioting or unlawfully assembled had been commanded to disperse, and which action was reasonably necessary under all the circumstances to disperse such riot or unlawful assembly or to arrest those who failed or refused to disperse.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-254.8, 18.1-254.9; 1968, c. 460; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-413 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-413. Commission of certain offenses in county, city or town declared by Governor to be in state of riot or insurrection

Any person, who after the publication of a proclamation by the Governor, or who after lawful notice to disperse and retire, resists or aids in resisting the execution of process in any county, city or town declared to be in a state of riot or insurrection, or who aids or attempts the rescue or escape of another from lawful custody or confinement, or who resists or aids in resisting a force ordered out by the Governor or any sheriff or other officer to quell or suppress an insurrection or riot, shall be guilty of a Class 5 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-254.10; 1968, c. 460; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-414 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-414. Injury to property or persons by persons unlawfully or riotously assembled

If any person or persons, unlawfully or riotously assembled, pull down, injure, or destroy, or begin to pull down, injure or destroy any dwelling house or other building, or assist therein, or perpetrate any premeditated injury on the person of another, he shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-254.11; 1968, c. 460; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-414.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-414.1. Obstructing emergency medical services agency personnel in performance of mission; penalty

Any person who unreasonably or unnecessarily obstructs the delivery of emergency medical services by emergency medical services agency personnel, whether governmental, private, or volunteer, or who fails or refuses to cease such obstruction or move on when requested to do so by emergency medical services personnel going to or at the site at which emergency medical services are required is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.1976, c. 233; 2002, c. 560; 2015, cc. 502, 503.
VA Code § 18.2-414.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-414.2. Crossing established police lines, perimeters or barricades

It shall be unlawful for any person to cross or remain within police lines or barricades which have been established pursuant to § 15.2-1714 without proper authorization.Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.1984, c. 533; 1990, c. 327.
VA Code § 18.2-415 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-415. Disorderly conduct in public places

A. A person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with the intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he:1. In any street, highway, or public building, or while in or on a public conveyance, or while in a public place engages in conduct having a direct tendency to cause acts of violence by the person or persons at whom, individually, such conduct is directed;2. Willfully or being intoxicated, whether willfully or not, and whether such intoxication results from self-administered alcohol or other drug of whatever nature, disrupts any funeral, memorial service, or meeting of the governing body of any political subdivision of this Commonwealth or a division or agency thereof, or of any school, literary society, or place of religious worship, if the disruption (i) prevents or interferes with the orderly conduct of the funeral, memorial service, or meeting or (ii) has a direct tendency to cause acts of violence by the person or persons at whom, individually, the disruption is directed; or3. Willfully or while intoxicated, whether willfully or not, and whether such intoxication results from self-administered alcohol or other drug of whatever nature, disrupts the operation of any school or any activity conducted or sponsored by any school, if the disruption (i) prevents or interferes with the orderly conduct of the operation or activity or (ii) has a direct tendency to cause acts of violence by the person or persons at whom, individually, the disruption is directed.B. The conduct prohibited under subsection A shall not be deemed to include the utterance or display of any words or to include conduct otherwise made punishable under this title.C. The person in charge of any such building, place, conveyance, meeting, operation, or activity may eject therefrom any person who violates any provision of this section, with the aid, if necessary, of any persons who may be called upon for such purpose.D. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any elementary or secondary school student if the disorderly conduct occurred on the property of any elementary or secondary school, on a school bus as defined in § 46.2-100, or at any activity conducted or sponsored by any elementary or secondary school.E. The governing bodies of counties, cities, and towns are authorized to adopt ordinances prohibiting and punishing the acts and conduct prohibited by this section, provided that the punishment fixed therefor shall not exceed that prescribed for a Class 1 misdemeanor. A person violating any provision of this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-239, 18.1-240, 18.1-253.1 through 18.1-253.3; 1960, c. 358; 1968, c. 639; 1969, Ex. Sess., c. 2; 1970, c. 374; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1976, c. 244; 1990, c. 627; 2006, c. 250; 2020, cc. 199, 355.
VA Code § 18.2-416 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-416. Punishment for using abusive language to another

If any person shall, in the presence or hearing of another, curse or abuse such other person, or use any violent abusive language to such person concerning himself or any of his relations, or otherwise use such language, under circumstances reasonably calculated to provoke a breach of the peace, he shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-255; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-417 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-417. Slander and libel

Any person who shall falsely utter and speak, or falsely write and publish, of and concerning any person of chaste character, any words derogatory of such person's character for virtue and chastity, or imputing to such person acts not virtuous and chaste, or who shall falsely utter and speak, or falsely write and publish, of and concerning another person, any words which from their usual construction and common acceptation are construed as insults and tend to violence and breach of the peace or who shall use grossly insulting language to any person of good character or reputation is guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.The defendant shall be entitled to prove upon trial in mitigation of the punishment, the provocation which induced the libelous or slanderous words, or any other fact or circumstance tending to disprove malice, or lessen the criminality of the offense.Code 1950, § 18.1-256; 1960, c. 358; 1973, c. 526; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2020, c. 900.
VA Code § 18.2-418 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-418. Declaration of policy

It is hereby declared that the protection and preservation of the home is the keystone of democratic government; that the public health and welfare and the good order of the community require that members of the community enjoy in their homes a feeling of well-being, tranquility, and privacy, and when absent from their homes carry with them the sense of security inherent in the assurance that they may return to the enjoyment of their homes; that the practice of picketing before or about residences and dwelling places causes emotional disturbance and distress to the occupants; that such practice has as its object the harassing of such occupants; and without resort to such practice, full opportunity exists, and under the terms and provisions of this article will continue to exist, for the exercise of freedom of speech and other constitutional rights; and that the provisions hereinafter enacted are necessary in the public interest, to avoid the detrimental results herein set forth.Code 1950, § 18.1-367.1; 1970, c. 711; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-419 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-419. Picketing or disrupting tranquility of home

Any person who shall engage in picketing before or about the residence or dwelling place of any individual, or who shall assemble with another person or persons in a manner which disrupts or threatens to disrupt any individual's right to tranquility in his home, shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor. Each day on which a violation of this section occurs shall constitute a separate offense.Nothing herein shall be deemed to prohibit (1) the picketing in any lawful manner, during a labor dispute, of the place of employment involved in such labor dispute; (2) the picketing in any lawful manner of a construction site; or (3) the holding of a meeting or assembly on any premises commonly used for the discussion of subjects of general public interest.Notwithstanding the penalties herein provided, any court of general equity jurisdiction may enjoin conduct, or threatened conduct, proscribed by this article, and may in any such proceeding award damages, including punitive damages, against the persons found guilty of actions made unlawful by this section.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-367.2 through 18.1-367.6; 1970, c. 711; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-420 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-420. "Clandestine organization" defined

Clandestine organization means: any organization (1) which conceals, or attempts to conceal, its name, activities or membership, or the names, activities or membership of any chapter, branch, unit or affiliate thereof, by the use of cover-names, codes, or any deceptive practice or other means, or (2) whose members shall be required, urged, or instructed, or shall adopt any practice, to conceal their membership or affiliation and that of others in or with such organization, or (3) whose members shall take any oath or pledge, or shall administer any such oath or pledge to those associated with them, to maintain in secrecy any matter or knowledge committed to them by the organization or by any member thereof, or (4) which shall transact business or advance any purpose at any secret meeting or meetings which are guarded or secured against intrusion by persons not associated with it, and (5) whose purpose, policy or activity includes the unlawful use of violence, threats, or intimidation in accomplishing any of its objectives.Code 1950, § 18.1-380.1; 1968, c. 792; 1975, cc. 14, 15.