reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Prob Code § 21102 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21102.

21102.  (a) The intention of the transferor as expressed in the instrument controls the legal effect of the dispositions made in the instrument.(b) The rules of construction in this part apply where the intention of the transferor is not indicated by the instrument.(c) Nothing in this section limits the use of extrinsic evidence, to the extent otherwise authorized by law, to determine the intention of the transferor.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21103 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21103.

21103.  The meaning and legal effect of a disposition in an instrument is determined by the local law of a particular state selected by the transferor in the instrument unless the application of that law is contrary to the rights of the surviving spouse to community and quasi-community property, to any other public policy of this state applicable to the disposition, or, in the case of a will, to Part 3 (commencing with Section 6500) of Division 6.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21104 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21104.

21104.  As used in this part, “at-death transfer” means a transfer that is revocable during the lifetime of the transferor, but does not include a joint tenancy or joint account with right of survivorship.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 13. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21105 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21105.

21105.  Except as otherwise provided in Sections 641 and 642, a will passes all property the testator owns at death, including property acquired after execution of the will.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 14. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21107 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21107.

21107.  If an instrument directs the conversion of real property into money at the transferor’s death, the real property and its proceeds shall be deemed personal property from the time of the transferor’s death.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 16. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21108 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21108.

21108.  The law of this state does not include (a) the common law rule of worthier title that a transferor cannot devise an interest to his or her own heirs or (b) a presumption or rule of interpretation that a transferor does not intend, by a transfer to his or her own heirs or next of kin, to transfer an interest to them. The meaning of a transfer of a legal or equitable interest to a transferor’s own heirs or next of kin, however designated, shall be determined by the general rules applicable to the interpretation of instruments.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 17. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21109 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21109.

21109.  (a) A transferee who fails to survive the transferor of an at-death transfer or until any future time required by the instrument does not take under the instrument.(b) If it cannot be determined by clear and convincing evidence that the transferee survived until a future time required by the instrument, it is deemed that the transferee did not survive until the required future time.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 18. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21110 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21110.

21110.  (a) Subject to subdivision (b), if a transferee is dead when the instrument is executed, or fails or is treated as failing to survive the transferor or until a future time required by the instrument, the issue of the deceased transferee take in the transferee’s place in the manner provided in Section 240. A transferee under a class gift shall be a transferee for the purpose of this subdivision unless the transferee’s death occurred before the execution of the instrument and that fact was known to the transferor when the instrument was executed.(b) The issue of a deceased transferee do not take in the transferee’s place if the instrument expresses a contrary intention or a substitute disposition. A requirement that the initial transferee survive the transferor or survive for a specified period of time after the death of the transferor constitutes a contrary intention. A requirement that the initial transferee survive until a future time that is related to the probate of the transferor’s will or administration of the estate of the transferor constitutes a contrary intention.(c) As used in this section, “transferee” means a person who is kindred of the transferor or kindred of a surviving, deceased, or former spouse of the transferor, but does not mean a spouse of the transferor.(Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 71, Sec. 1. (AB 1960) Effective January 1, 2019.)
CA Prob Code § 21111 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21111.

21111.  (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b) and subject to Section 21110, if a transfer fails for any reason, the property is transferred as follows:(1) If the transferring instrument provides for an alternative disposition in the event the transfer fails, the property is transferred according to the terms of the instrument.(2) If the transferring instrument does not provide for an alternative disposition but does provide for the transfer of a residue, the property becomes a part of the residue transferred under the instrument.(3) If the transferring instrument does not provide for an alternative disposition and does not provide for the transfer of a residue, or if the transfer is itself a residuary gift, the property is transferred to the decedent’s estate.(b) Subject to Section 21110, if a residuary gift or a future interest is transferred to two or more persons and the share of a transferee fails for any reason, and no alternative disposition is provided, the share passes to the other transferees in proportion to their other interest in the residuary gift or the future interest.(c) A transfer of “all my estate” or words of similar import is a residuary gift for purposes of this section.(d) If failure of a future interest results in an intestacy, the property passes to the heirs of the transferor determined pursuant to Section 21114.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 20. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21112 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21112.

21112.  A condition in a transfer of a present or future interest that refers to a person’s death “with” or “without” issue, or to a person’s “having” or “leaving” issue or no issue, or a condition based on words of similar import, is construed to refer to that person’s being dead at the time the transfer takes effect in enjoyment and to that person either having or not having, as the case may be, issue who are alive at the time of enjoyment.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 21. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21114 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21114.

21114.  (a) If a statute or an instrument provides for transfer of a present or future interest to, or creates a present or future interest in, a designated person’s “heirs,” “heirs at law,” “next of kin,” “relatives,” or “family,” or words of similar import, the transfer is to the persons, including the state under Section 6800, and in the shares that would succeed to the designated person’s intestate estate under the intestate succession law of the transferor’s domicile, if the designated person died when the transfer is to take effect in enjoyment. If the designated person’s surviving spouse is living but is remarried at the time the transfer is to take effect in enjoyment, the surviving spouse is not an heir of the designated person for purposes of this section.(b) As used in this section, “designated person” includes the transferor.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21115 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21115.

21115.  (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), halfbloods, adopted persons, persons born out of wedlock, stepchildren, foster children, and the issue of these persons when appropriate to the class, are included in terms of class gift or relationship in accordance with the rules for determining relationship and inheritance rights for purposes of intestate succession.(b) In construing a transfer by a transferor who is not the natural parent, a person born to the natural parent shall not be considered the child of that parent unless the person lived while a minor as a regular member of the household of the natural parent or of that parent’s parent, brother, sister, spouse, or surviving spouse. In construing a transfer by a transferor who is not the adoptive parent, a person adopted by the adoptive parent shall not be considered the child of that parent unless the person lived while a minor (either before or after the adoption) as a regular member of the household of the adopting parent or of that parent’s parent, brother, sister, or surviving spouse.(c) Subdivisions (a) and (b) shall also apply in determining:(1) Persons who would be kindred of the transferor or kindred of a surviving, deceased, or former spouse of the transferor under Section 21110.(2) Persons to be included as issue of a deceased transferee under Section 21110.(3) Persons who would be the transferor’s or other designated person’s heirs under Section 21114.(d) The rules for determining intestate succession under this section are those in effect at the time the transfer is to take effect in enjoyment.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 24. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21117 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21117.

21117.  At-death transfers are classified as follows:(a) A specific gift is a transfer of specifically identifiable property.(b) A general gift is a transfer from the general assets of the transferor that does not give specific property.(c) A demonstrative gift is a general gift that specifies the fund or property from which the transfer is primarily to be made.(d) A general pecuniary gift is a pecuniary gift within the meaning of Section 21118.(e) An annuity is a general pecuniary gift that is payable periodically.(f) A residuary gift is a transfer of property that remains after all specific and general gifts have been satisfied.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 26. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21118 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 21118.

21118.  (a) If an instrument authorizes a fiduciary to satisfy a pecuniary gift wholly or partly by distribution of property other than money, property selected for that purpose shall be valued at its fair market value on the date of distribution, unless the instrument expressly provides otherwise. If the instrument permits the fiduciary to value the property selected for distribution as of a date other than the date of distribution, then, unless the instrument expressly provides otherwise, the property selected by the fiduciary for that purpose shall fairly reflect net appreciation and depreciation (occurring between the valuation date and the date of distribution) in all of the assets from which the distribution could have been made.(b) As used in this section, “pecuniary gift” means a transfer of property made in an instrument that either is expressly stated as a fixed dollar amount or is a dollar amount determinable by the provisions of the instrument.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 27. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21120 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 2 - Ascertaining Meaning of Language Used in the Instrument|Section 21120.

21120.  The words of an instrument are to receive an interpretation that will give every expression some effect, rather than one that will render any of the expressions inoperative. Preference is to be given to an interpretation of an instrument that will prevent intestacy or failure of a transfer, rather than one that will result in an intestacy or failure of a transfer.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 28. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21121 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 2 - Ascertaining Meaning of Language Used in the Instrument|Section 21121.

21121.  All parts of an instrument are to be construed in relation to each other and so as, if possible, to form a consistent whole. If the meaning of any part of an instrument is ambiguous or doubtful, it may be explained by any reference to or recital of that part in another part of the instrument.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 29. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21122 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 2 - Ascertaining Meaning of Language Used in the Instrument|Section 21122.

21122.  The words of an instrument are to be given their ordinary and grammatical meaning unless the intention to use them in another sense is clear and their intended meaning can be ascertained. Technical words are not necessary to give effect to a disposition in an instrument. Technical words are to be considered as having been used in their technical sense unless (a) the context clearly indicates a contrary intention or (b) it satisfactorily appears that the instrument was drawn solely by the transferor and that the transferor was unacquainted with the technical sense.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 30. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21131 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 3 - Exoneration; Ademption|Section 21131.

21131.  A specific gift passes the property transferred subject to any mortgage, deed of trust, or other lien existing at the date of death, without right of exoneration, regardless of a general directive to pay debts contained in the instrument.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 31. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21132 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 3 - Exoneration; Ademption|Section 21132.

21132.  (a) If a transferor executes an instrument that makes an at-death transfer of securities and the transferor then owned securities that meet the description in the instrument, the transfer includes additional securities owned by the transferor at death to the extent the additional securities were acquired by the transferor after the instrument was executed as a result of the transferor’s ownership of the described securities and are securities of any of the following types:(1) Securities of the same organization acquired by reason of action initiated by the organization or any successor, related, or acquiring organization, excluding any acquired by exercise of purchase options.(2) Securities of another organization acquired as a result of a merger, consolidation, reorganization, or other distribution by the organization or any successor, related, or acquiring organization.(3) Securities of the same organization acquired as a result of a plan of reinvestment.(b) Distributions in cash before death with respect to a described security are not part of the transfer.(Repealed and added by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 33. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21133 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 3 - Exoneration; Ademption|Section 21133.

21133.  A recipient of an at-death transfer of a specific gift has a right to the property specifically given, to the extent the property is owned by the transferor at the time the gift takes effect in possession or enjoyment, and all of the following:(a) Any balance of the purchase price (together with any security agreement) owing from a purchaser to the transferor at the time the gift takes effect in possession or enjoyment by reason of sale of the property.(b) Any amount of an eminent domain award for the taking of the property unpaid at the time the gift takes effect in possession or enjoyment.(c) Any proceeds unpaid at the time the gift takes effect in possession or enjoyment on fire or casualty insurance on or other recovery for injury to the property.(d) Property owned by the transferor at the time the gift takes effect in possession or enjoyment and acquired as a result of foreclosure, or obtained in lieu of foreclosure, of the security interest for a specifically given obligation.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 34. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Prob Code § 21134 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 3 - Exoneration; Ademption|Section 21134.

21134.  (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, if, after the execution of the instrument of gift, specifically given property is sold, or encumbered by a deed of trust, mortgage, or other instrument, by a conservator, by an agent acting within the authority of a durable power of attorney for an incapacitated principal, or by a trustee acting for an incapacitated settlor of a trust established by the settlor as a revocable trust, the transferee of the specific gift has the right to a general pecuniary gift equal to the net sale price of the property unreduced by the payoff of any such encumbrance, or the amount of the unpaid encumbrance on the property as well as the property itself.(b) Except as otherwise provided in this section, if an eminent domain award for the taking of specifically given property is paid to a conservator, to an agent acting within the authority of a durable power of attorney for an incapacitated principal, or to a trustee acting for an incapacitated settlor of a trust established by the settlor as a revocable trust, or if the proceeds on fire or casualty insurance on, or recovery for injury to, specifically gifted property are paid to a conservator, to an agent acting within the authority of a durable power of attorney for an incapacitated principal, or to a trustee acting for an incapacitated settlor of a trust established by the settlor as a revocable trust, the recipient of the specific gift has the right to a general pecuniary gift equal to the eminent domain award or the insurance proceeds or recovery unreduced by the payoff of any encumbrance placed on the property by the conservator, agent, or trustee, after the execution of the instrument of gift.(c) For the purpose of the references in this section to a conservator, this section does not apply if, after the sale, mortgage, condemnation, fire, or casualty, or recovery, the conservatorship is terminated and the transferor survives the termination by one year.(d) For the purpose of the references in this section to an agent acting with the authority of a durable power of attorney for an incapacitated principal, or to a trustee acting for an incapacitated settlor of a trust established by the settlor as a revocable trust, (1) “incapacitated principal” or “incapacitated settlor” means a principal or settlor who is an incapacitated person, (2) no adjudication of incapacity before death is necessary, and (3) the acts of an agent within the authority of a durable power of attorney are presumed to be for an incapacitated principal. However, there shall be no presumption of a settlor’s incapacity concerning the acts of a trustee.(e) The right of the transferee of the specific gift under this section shall be reduced by any right the transferee has under Section 21133.(Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 195, Sec. 1. (AB 1985) Effective January 1, 2013.)
CA Prob Code § 21135 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 11 - CONSTRUCTION OF WILLS, TRUSTS, AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS|PART 1 - RULES FOR INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTS|CHAPTER 3 - Exoneration; Ademption|Section 21135.

21135.  (a) Property given by a transferor during his or her lifetime to a person is treated as a satisfaction of an at-death transfer to that person in whole or in part only if one of the following conditions is satisfied:(1) The instrument provides for deduction of the lifetime gift from the at-death transfer.(2) The transferor declares in a contemporaneous writing that the gift is in satisfaction of the at-death transfer or that its value is to be deducted from the value of the at-death transfer.(3) The transferee acknowledges in writing that the gift is in satisfaction of the at-death transfer or that its value is to be deducted from the value of the at-death transfer.(4) The property given is the same property that is the subject of a specific gift to that person.(b) Subject to subdivision (c), for the purpose of partial satisfaction, property given during lifetime is valued as of the time the transferee came into possession or enjoyment of the property or as of the time of death of the transferor, whichever occurs first.(c) If the value of the gift is expressed in the contemporaneous writing of the transferor, or in an acknowledgment of the transferee made contemporaneously with the gift, that value is conclusive in the division and distribution of the estate.(d) If the transferee fails to survive the transferor, the gift is treated as a full or partial satisfaction of the gift, as the case may be, in applying Sections 21110 and 21111 unless the transferor’s contemporaneous writing provides otherwise.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 138, Sec. 36. Effective January 1, 2003.)