reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 40-18-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-4 - Interest or Other Income Received From Obligations of the United States or Its Possessions, Agencies or Instrumentalities.

Section 40-18-4Interest or other income received from obligations of the United States or its possessions, agencies or instrumentalities. Interest or other income on obligations of the United States, or its possessions, or interest or other income on bonds or other securities of any agencies or instrumentalities of the United States, or of corporations organized under the laws of the United States, received by any resident individual or by any corporation organized under the laws of the State of Alabama, shall be included in the gross income of such person or corporation in determining liability for income taxes due by such person or corporation, but without discrimination, and only to the same extent and in the same manner other income is taxed, insofar as the State of Alabama may be constitutionally or legally authorized to tax such income. (Acts 1939, No. 62, p. 93; Code 1940, T. 51, §375.)
AL Code § 40-18-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-5 - Tax on Individuals.

Section 40-18-5Tax on individuals. The tax levied and imposed by Section 40-18-2 shall be computed as follows: (1) For a single person, head of family, or married persons filing separate returns: a. Two percent of taxable income not in excess of five hundred dollars ($500). b. Four percent of taxable income in excess of five hundred dollars ($500) and not in excess of three thousand dollars ($3,000). c. Five percent of taxable income in excess of three thousand dollars ($3,000). (2) For married persons filing a joint return: a. Two percent of taxable income not in excess of one thousand dollars ($1,000). b. Four percent of taxable income in excess of one thousand dollars ($1,000) and not in excess of six thousand dollars ($6,000). c. Five percent of taxable income in excess of six thousand dollars ($6,000). (Acts 1935, No. 194, p. 256; Code 1940, T. 51, §377; Acts 1982, No. 82-465, p. 759, §1; Acts 1982, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 82-667, p. 85, §1; Act 98-502, p. 1083, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-7 - Gain or Loss - Determination of Amount.

Section 40-18-7Gain or loss - Determination of amount. (a) Computation of gain or loss. Except as hereinafter provided in this section, the gain from the sale or other disposition of property shall be the excess of the amount realized therefrom over the adjusted basis provided in subsection (b) of Section 40-18-6, and the loss shall be the excess of such basis over the amount realized. (b) Amount realized. The amount realized from the sale or other disposition of property shall be the sum of any money received plus the fair and reasonable market value of the property, other than money, received. (c) Recognition of gain or loss. In the case of a sale or exchange, the extent to which the gain or loss as determined under this section shall be recognized for the purposes of this title, shall be determined under the provisions of Section 40-18-8. (d) Installment sales. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent, in the case of property sold under contract providing for payment in installments, the taxation of that portion of any installment payment representing gain or profit in the year in which such payment is received. (Acts 1935, No. 194, p. 256; Code 1940, T. 51, §379.)
AL Code § 40-18-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-9 - Gain or Loss - Optional Method for Returning as Income Increases in Redemption Value of Securities Purchased at a Discount.

Section 40-18-9Gain or loss - Optional method for returning as income increases in redemption value of securities purchased at a discount. If, in the case of a taxpayer owning any noninterest-bearing obligation issued at a discount and redeemable for fixed amounts increasing at stated intervals, the increase in the redemption price of such obligation occurring in the taxable year does not, under the method of accounting used in computing his net income, constitute income to him in such year, such taxpayer may, at his election made in his return for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1942, treat such increase as income received in such taxable year. If any such election is made with respect to any such obligation it shall apply also to all such obligations owned by the taxpayer at the beginning of the first taxable year to which it applies and to all such obligations thereafter acquired by him and shall be binding for all subsequent taxable years, unless upon application by the taxpayer the Commissioner of Revenue permits him, subject to such conditions as the Commissioner of Revenue deems necessary, to change to a different method. In the case of any such obligations owned by the taxpayer at the beginning of the first taxable year to which his election applied, the increase in the redemption price of such obligations occurring between the date of acquisition and the first day of such taxable year shall also be treated as income received in such taxable year. In the case of any obligation of the United States or any of its possessions or of a state or territory, or any political subdivision thereof, or of the District of Columbia, issued on or after March 1, 1941, on a discount basis and payable without interest at a fixed maturity date not exceeding one year from the date of issue, the amount of discount at which such obligation is originally sold shall not be considered to accrue until the date on which such obligation is paid at maturity, sold or otherwise disposed of. (Acts 1943, No. 439, p. 404.)
AL Code § 40-18-11 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-11 - Inventory.

Section 40-18-11Inventory. Whenever in the opinion of the Department of Revenue the use of inventories is necessary in order clearly to determine the income of any taxpayer, the inventory shall be taken by such taxpayer in accordance with the methods and procedures prescribed in 26 U.S.C. §§263A, 471, 472, 473 and 474. (Acts 1935, No. 194, p. 256; Code 1940, T. 51, §381; Acts 1990, No. 90-583, p. 988, §5.)
AL Code § 40-18-12 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-12 - Net Income of Individuals - Defined.

Section 40-18-12Net income of individuals - Defined. Repealed by Act 98–502, § 2.  (Acts 1935, No. 194, p. 256; Code 1940, T. 51, §382.)
AL Code § 40-18-13 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-13 - Computation of Income.

Section 40-18-13Computation of income. (a) Income shall be computed on the basis of the same taxable year and in accordance with the same method of accounting that the taxpayer properly employs for federal income tax purposes. If no such method of accounting has been employed or if the method so employed does not clearly reflect income, computation shall be made upon such basis and in such manner as in the opinion of the Department of Revenue, and consistent with federal income tax treatment, does clearly reflect income. If the taxpayer has no annual accounting period or does not keep proper books of account, the income shall be computed on the basis of the calendar year. (b) In the case of a partnership, Alabama S corporation, or personal service corporation electing a taxable year under 26 U.S.C. §444, this section shall be applied without regard to the requirement to make payments under 26 U.S.C. §7519. (Acts 1935, No. 194. p. 256; Code 1940, T. 51, §383; Acts 1990, No. 90-583, p. 988, §6; Act 98-502, p. 1083, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-14.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-14.1 - Deferred Compensation Plans.

Section 40-18-14.1Deferred compensation plans. Notwithstanding any other laws, all deferred compensation plans for public or private employees authorized in this state shall receive the same tax deferred treatment for state income tax purposes which the plan receives from the Internal Revenue Service for federal income tax purposes in a tax year. Contributions to such a plan which are subject to state income tax for the 1996 calendar year and prior years shall not be subject to any further state income taxation at the time of withdrawal. (Acts 1996, No. 96-526, p. 683, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-14.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-14.2 - Adjusted Gross Income.

Section 40-18-14.2Adjusted gross income. (a) The term "adjusted gross income," as used in this section, shall mean the gross income as defined by Section 40-18-14, minus the following deductions: (1) The deductions allowed by this chapter, other than the net operating loss deduction allowed under Section 40-18-15.2, which are attributable to a trade or business carried on by the taxpayer if the trade or business does not consist of the performance of services by the taxpayer as an employee; (2) The deduction allowed by this chapter for travel expenses of Alabama state legislators while away from home to the extent reimbursed by the State of Alabama; (3) The deductions allowed by this chapter which consist of expenses paid or incurred by the taxpayer in connection with the performance by him or her of services as an employee, to the extent reimbursed by his or her employer; (4) The deductions allowed by this chapter attributable to property held for the production of rents or royalties; (5) The deductions allowed by this chapter to a life tenant of property or to an income beneficiary of property held in trust; (6) The deduction allowed by this chapter as losses from the sale or exchange of property; (7) The deduction allowed by this chapter relating to adoption expenses; (8) The deduction allowed by this chapter for individual retirement accounts; (9) The deduction allowed by this chapter relating to retirement plans; (10) The deduction allowed by this chapter relating to alimony; (11) The deduction allowed by this chapter relating to moving expenses; (12) The deduction allowed by Section 40-18-15(a)(25) relating to grants-in-aid. (b) Nothing in this section shall allow any item to be deducted more than once. (Act 98-502, p. 1083, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-14.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-14.3 - Gross Income - Discount and Interest.

Section 40-18-14.3Gross income - Discount and interest. Gross income shall include original issue discount determined in accordance with 26 U.S.C. §§1271 to 1275, inclusive, and interest or other income determined in accordance with 26 U.S.C. §7872, related to certain related party loans, tax avoidance loans, etc. with below-market interest rates. (Acts 98-502, p. 1083, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-15.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-15.1 - Net Income Taxable Income Defined - Generally.

Section 40-18-15.1Net income taxable income defined - Generally. For purposes of this chapter, the term "taxable income" or "net income" shall mean "gross income," as defined in Section 40-18-14, less the deductions allowed to individuals by this chapter. (Act 98-502, p. 1083, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-15.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-15.3 - Deductions for Health Insurance Premiums.

Section 40-18-15.3Deductions for health insurance premiums. (a) As used in this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (1) QUALIFYING EMPLOYEES. Alabama resident employees who are employed by qualifying employers, earn no more than $50,000 of wages in the applicable tax year, and report no more than $75,000 of adjusted gross income on their Alabama individual income tax return ($150,000 if married filing jointly) for the applicable year. (2) QUALIFYING EMPLOYERS. Employers with less than 25 employees. (b) For tax years beginning after December 31, 2010, in addition to any other Alabama income tax deduction that a qualifying employee may be entitled to with respect to the payment of health insurance premiums, qualifying employees shall be allowed to deduct from Alabama gross income 100 percent of the amounts they pay as health insurance premiums as part of an employer provided health insurance plan provided by a qualifying employer. (c) In addition to any other Alabama income tax deduction that a qualifying employer may be entitled to with respect to the payment of health insurance premiums paid on behalf of qualifying employees, the qualifying employer shall be allowed as a deduction in the computation of Alabama taxable income 100 percent of the amounts they pay as health insurance premiums on behalf of qualifying employees in connection with an employer provided health insurance plan. (Act 2008-559, p. 1282, §§1, 2; Act 2011-155, p. 285, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-15.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-15.4 - Deductions for Certain Retrofitting or Upgrades to Homes - Residence in Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association Zone.

Section 40-18-15.4Deductions for certain retrofitting or upgrades to homes - Residence in Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association zone. (a) An individual taxpayer, whose legal residence is located in an Alabama Insurance Underwriting Association zone pursuant to Section 27-1-17, shall be allowed a deduction from taxable income, regardless of whether the taxpayer itemizes his or her income tax deductions, in calculating the income tax imposed pursuant to Section 40-18-5, for certain retrofit costs as described in this section. The deduction shall be allowed for the costs incurred to retrofit, as specified in Section 27-31D-2, a structure qualifying as the legal residence of a taxpayer to make the residence more resistant to loss due to a hurricane, tornado, or other catastrophic windstorm event. (b) In order to qualify for the state income tax deduction allowed pursuant to this section, the costs may not include ordinary repair or replacement of existing items, and shall be associated with those fortification measures defined in Chapter 31D of Title 27, designed to increase the resistance of the residence to hurricane, tornado, or catastrophic windstorm event damage. A taxpayer claiming the deduction shall receive certification, as prescribed by Chapter 31D of Title 27, that the fortification measures were implemented and costs were incurred, and shall provide the certification upon request of the Department of Revenue to prove the taxpayer is entitled to the deduction. (c) The aggregate tax deduction allowed pursuant to this section for all taxable years beginning with the 2011 tax year shall not exceed the lesser of the following: (1) Fifty percent of the retrofitting cost incurred. (2) Three thousand dollars ($3,000). (d) The cost of items that otherwise qualify for the deduction that are purchased with any available grant funds are not eligible for this deduction if the grants are not included in the income of the taxpayer. (e) Costs incurred by the taxpayer and used as the basis for a deduction under Section 40-18-15.5 may not be used as the basis for a deduction under this section. The deductions under Section 40-18-15.5 and this section combined may not exceed three thousand dollars ($3,000). (Act 2011-644, p. 1640, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-15.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-15.5 - Deductions for Certain Retrofitting or Upgrades to Homes - Residence in Alabama.

Section 40-18-15.5Deductions for certain retrofitting or upgrades to homes - Residence in Alabama. (a) Any individual taxpayer, whose legal residence is located in Alabama, shall be allowed a deduction from taxable income, regardless of whether the taxpayer itemizes his or her income tax deductions, in calculating the income tax imposed pursuant to Section 40-18-5, for certain retrofit costs as described in this section. The deduction shall be allowed for the costs incurred to retrofit a structure qualifying as the legal residence of the taxpayer to make the structure more resistant to loss due to hurricane, tornado, other catastrophic windstorm event, or rising floodwaters. (b) In order to qualify for the state income tax deduction allowed pursuant to this section, costs may include ordinary repair, replacement, and upgrades to existing residential property and new construction so long as the repair, replacement, and upgrades are designed to resist loss associated with any windstorm event or rising floodwater, and meet or exceed the standards set forth in the most recent editions of the Institute for Business and Home Safety published Fortified for Safer Living, the Institute for Business and Home Safety published Fortified for Existing Homes, the International Code Council published ICC 600, the International Code Council ICC 500, or any specifically designated wind resistant feature, technology, or code approved by the Alabama Residential and Energy Codes Board. A taxpayer claiming the deduction shall receive certification in a manner prescribed by the Alabama Residential and Energy Codes Board that the fortification measures were implemented and costs were incurred, and shall provide the certification upon request of the Department of Revenue to prove the taxpayer is entitled to the deduction. (c) The aggregate tax deduction allowed pursuant to this section for all taxable years beginning with the 2011 tax year shall not exceed the lesser of the following: (1) Fifty percent of the repair, replacement, and upgrade cost incurred. (2) Three thousand dollars ($3,000). (d) The cost of items that otherwise qualify for the deduction that are purchased with any available grant funds are not eligible for this deduction if the grants are not included in the income of the taxpayer. (e) Costs incurred by the taxpayer and used as the basis for a deduction under Section 40-18-15.4 may not be used as the basis for a deduction under this section. The deductions under Section 40-18-15.4 and this section combined may not exceed three thousand dollars ($3,000). (Act 2011-644, p. 1640, §2.)
AL Code § 40-18-15.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-15.6 - Deductions for Contributions Made to Health Savings Accounts.

Section 40-18-15.6Deductions for contributions made to health savings accounts. (a) For the purposes of this section, health savings account contributions are defined as contributions made by a taxpayer to his or her health savings account up to the maximum amount allowed pursuant to 26 USC §223. (b) Alabama residents will be allowed to deduct contributions made on or after January 1, 2018, by or on behalf of such individual to a health savings account of such individual to coincide with annual amount allotted by federal law or regulation. Employer contributions are not includible in an employee's income and are therefore not deductible. (Act 2016-345, §1.)
AL Code § 40-18-15.7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 18 - Income Taxes.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-18-15.7 - Optional Increased Standard Deduction for Qualified Persons.

Section 40-18-15.7Optional increased standard deduction for qualified persons. (a) A person qualifying for the optional increased standard deduction is an Alabama resident, single person, or married persons filing a joint return that meet all of the following criteria: (1) Alabama gross income of less than one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000). (2) Zero dollars ($0) of non-wage income. (3) Has no dependents or is not claiming any expense or deduction associated with any dependents. (4) Does not claim any itemized deductions. (5) Does not claim any adjustments to income as prescribed in Section 40-18-14.2. (6) Does not claim the federal income tax deduction as provided in Section 40-18-15. (7) Does not claim any credits that are available to offset any portion of the tax levied in this chapter. (8) Is not required to make estimated payments as provided for in Sections 40-18-80. (9) Is not claiming any gain or loss as prescribed in this chapter. (b) Notwithstanding Section 40-18-15, the standard deduction allowed for returns filed pursuant to this section shall be as follows: (1) Single persons shall be allowed a standard deduction of two thousand two hundred fifty dollars ($2,250), or the standard deduction allowed by Section 40-18-15, whichever is greater. (2) Taxpayers filing married filing jointly as defined in Section 40-18-27 shall be allowed a standard deduction of four thousand five hundred dollars ($4,500), or the standard deduction allowed by Section 40-18-15, whichever is greater. (c) Persons qualifying for the optional increased standard deduction are allowed to claim a personal exemption in accordance with Section 40-18-19. The personal exemption and optional increased standard deduction are the only exemption or deduction that shall be allowed by persons opting to claim the optional increased standard deduction.  (d) Persons qualifying for the optional increased standard deduction must voluntarily forego their right to claim the federal income tax deduction as allowed by Section 40-18-15. (e) Any persons qualifying for the optional increased standard deduction, pursuant to this section, must acknowledge that they are voluntarily foregoing other deductions, credits, and exemptions that may otherwise be available to such persons. (f) Persons qualifying for and electing to claim the optional increased standard deduction shall file the return on a simplified short form and in a manner prescribed by the department. (g) The department may promulgate rules to assist with the administration of this section. (Act 2017-405, §§2, 3.)