reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 12-11-40 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 11 - Circuit Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction.|Section 12-11-40 - Proceedings on Administration of Estates in Circuit Court.

Section 12-11-40Proceedings on administration of estates in circuit court. In the administration of estates in the circuit court in this state, such court, in the exercise of such jurisdiction, shall proceed according to the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure and shall, where necessary, permit service by publication in the manner provided for publication in said rules, without regard to any of the statutory requirements provided for administration of estates in the probate court, and shall have power to appoint personal representatives in cases pending in the circuit court in cases of vacancy. (Acts 1911, No. 536, p. 574; Code 1923, §6476; Code 1940, T. 13, §138.)
AL Code § 12-11-41 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 11 - Circuit Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction.|Section 12-11-41 - Removal of Administration of Estates From Probate Court.

Section 12-11-41Removal of administration of estates from probate court. The administration of any estate may be removed from the probate court to the circuit court at any time before a final settlement thereof, by any heir, devisee, legatee, distributee, executor, administrator or administrator with the will annexed of any such estate, without assigning any special equity; and an order of removal must be made by the court, upon the filing of a sworn petition by any such heir, devisee, legatee, distributee, executor, administrator or administrator with the will annexed of any such estate, reciting that the petitioner is such heir, devisee, legatee, distributee, executor, administrator or administrator with the will annexed and that, in the opinion of the petitioner, such estate can be better administered in the circuit court than in the probate court. (Acts 1915, No. 680, p. 738; Code 1923, §6478; Code 1940, T. 13, §139.)
AL Code § 12-11-41.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 11 - Circuit Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction.|Section 12-11-41.1 - Transfer to Circuit Court; Remand to Probate Court.

Section 12-11-41.1Transfer to circuit court; remand to probate court.  (a) In any county where the judge of probate is required to be learned in the law, the administration of any estate may be removed from the probate court to the circuit court pursuant to Section 12-11-41 at any time before a proceeding for final settlement thereof is commenced in probate court by any heir, devisee, legatee, distributee, executor, administrator, or administrator with the will annexed of the estate, without assigning any special equity. The circuit court shall remand the administration of an estate transferred pursuant to this section to the probate court if the circuit court finds that the removal was sought for the purpose of improper delay or did not comply with applicable law. The circuit court may remand the administration of an estate pursuant to this section to the probate court if the circuit court finds that any of the following apply: (1) The circuit court has issued a final order or judgment on all contested matters pending before the circuit court in the administration of the estate and the time for an appeal of the order or judgment has expired without an appeal being filed or, if an appeal was filed, after the final adjudication of the appeal. (2) All interested parties or their representatives request the estate administration be remanded to probate court. (b) Nothing in subsection (a) shall prevent the administration of an estate from being removed again to the circuit court pursuant to Section 12-11-41 after the administration has been remanded to the probate court as provided above. (Act 2011-528, p. 864, §1.)
AL Code § 12-11-60 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 11 - Circuit Courts.|Article 3 - Correction of Errors in Probate Court.|Section 12-11-60 - Settlements of Estates.

Section 12-11-60Settlements of estates. (a) When any error of law or fact has occurred in the settlement of any estate of a decedent to the injury of any party, without any fault or neglect on his part, such party may correct such error by filing a complaint in the circuit court within two years after the final settlement thereof. The evidence filed in the probate court in relation to such settlement must be received as evidence in the circuit court, with such other evidence as may be adduced. A failure to appeal from the decree of the probate court shall not be held to be such fault or neglect as will bar the plaintiff the remedy herein provided. (b) The limitations of subsection (a) of this section do not extend to infants or persons of unsound mind who are allowed two years after the termination of their respective disabilities, but in no case to exceed 20 years. (c) Errors of law or fact in the settlement of accounts of guardians may be corrected in the circuit court according to the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section. (Code 1852, §§1915, 1916, 2041; Code 1867, §§2274, 2275, 2451; Code 1876, §§3837-3839; Code 1886, §§3536-3538; Code 1896, §§805-807; Code 1907, §§3914-3916; Code 1923, §§6482-6484; Code 1940, T. 13, §§145-147.)
AL Code § 12-11-61 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 11 - Circuit Courts.|Article 3 - Correction of Errors in Probate Court.|Section 12-11-61 - Irregular Sales of Lands Under Decrees of Probate Court May Be Confirmed.

Section 12-11-61Irregular sales of lands under decrees of probate court may be confirmed. Sales of lands made under a decree of the probate court, the parties in interest having had legal notice of the proceedings in which the decree was rendered, which are invalid because of errors, omissions or irregularities in the proceedings in the probate court, may be confirmed by a judgment of the circuit court if it is shown that the lands were sold for their full value, which has been fully paid to the party entitled to receive it. (Code 1876, §§3840, 3841; Code 1886, §3539; Code 1896, §808; Code 1907, §3917; Code 1923, §6485; Code 1940, T. 13, §148.)
AL Code § 12-12-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-1 - Establishment, Designation, etc.; Location of Sessions of District Courts; Abolition of Courts Not Authorized by Constitution.

Section 12-12-1Establishment, designation, etc.; location of sessions of district courts; abolition of courts not authorized by Constitution. (a) The district court of Alabama, a trial court of limited jurisdiction, is created and established, effective January 16, 1977, and shall be subdivided according to districts and styled the district court of the county. Persons elected or appointed to a district court judgeship must have been admitted to practice law in this state a combined total of four years or more, or admitted to practice law by any other state for a combined total of four years or more, prior to beginning a term of office or appointment to serve a vacant term of office. In addition, the person must not have received from any state or state bar association a suspension or disbarment within the 10 years preceding election or appointment. (b) Sessions of the district court shall be held in each county seat, each municipality containing a population of 1,000 or more where no municipal court exists, to be restricted to municipal cases, and at other locations within counties in which geographical venue, as described in Section 12-12-36, lies in more than one place. (c)(1) All courts which are not authorized by Article 6 of the Constitution shall retain their power through January 15, 1977, at which time they shall be abolished. Judgments of courts which cease to exist at the end of that day shall continue in effect, and the courts of the unified system are vested with jurisdiction to enforce such judgments. (2) All cases then pending in courts which cease to exist shall be transferred to the appropriate district or circuit court. Cases which could be filed in district court under the provisions of this chapter shall be transferred to the district court; provided, that any case containing a demand for a jury trial filed before January 15, 1977, which could have been granted in the court where filed, shall be transferred to the appropriate circuit court. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-101; Act 2009-562, p. 1632, §1; Act 2019-539, §1.)
AL Code § 12-12-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-2 - District Court a Court of Record; Preparation, Maintenance, etc., of Records of Proceedings Generally; Employment of Reporters or Provision for Transcripts of Proceedings by Parties.

Section 12-12-2District court a court of record; preparation, maintenance, etc., of records of proceedings generally; employment of reporters or provision for transcripts of proceedings by parties. (a) The district court shall be a court of record. (b) Records of proceedings shall be made, maintained and preserved according to rules promulgated by the supreme court, but neither reports nor transcripts of proceedings shall be required, except as provided by law or rule. (c) Any party may employ a reporter or provide for a transcript of the proceedings on his own account. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-110.)
AL Code § 12-12-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-3 - Trial of Cases.

Section 12-12-3Trial of cases. All cases in the district court shall be tried by the judge, who shall determine all issues of law and fact without a jury. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-109.)
AL Code § 12-12-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-4 - Powers of Court as to Disposition of Criminal Cases Generally.

Section 12-12-4Powers of court as to disposition of criminal cases generally. In disposing of cases within its criminal jurisdiction, the district court may impose and suspend sentences, place criminal defendants on probation, remit fines and court costs and release defendants on personal recognizance in accordance with standards prescribed by law or rule; provided, that the court may enter an order authorizing the defendant to drive under the conditions set forth in the order. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-106.)
AL Code § 12-12-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-5 - Continuation of Cases to Permit Payment of Fines and Costs.

Section 12-12-5Continuation of cases to permit payment of fines and costs. The district court may, on conviction of a defendant, upon a showing of inability to make immediate payment of fine and costs, continue the case from time to time to permit the fine and costs to be paid. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-106.)
AL Code § 12-12-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-6 - Powers as to Punishment for Contempt.

Section 12-12-6Powers as to punishment for contempt. In all matters before the district court, the district court shall have and possess power to punish for contempts as heretofore or hereafter granted to the circuit court by law, in Section 12-11-30 or otherwise, and by the common law of this state. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-133.)
AL Code § 12-12-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-7 - Issuance of Writs.

Section 12-12-7Issuance of writs. The district court may issue all writs necessary to preserve and enforce its jurisdiction and authority. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-112.)
AL Code § 12-12-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-8 - District Attorney of Circuit Charged With Responsibility for District Court Prosecutions.

Section 12-12-8District attorney of circuit charged with responsibility for district court prosecutions. The district attorney of the circuit in which a district court is located shall have responsibility for prosecutions in the district court. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-131.)
AL Code § 12-12-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-9 - Abolition of Office of County Solicitor and Performance of Functions Thereof by Assistant District Attorneys; Election by County Solicitors Serving Terms to Which Elected Prior to January 16, 1977, to Become Assistant District Attorneys for Duration of Terms.

Section 12-12-9Abolition of office of county solicitor and performance of functions thereof by assistant district attorneys; election by county solicitors serving terms to which elected prior to January 16, 1977, to become assistant district attorneys for duration of terms. On January 16, 1977, the functions of the position of county solicitor shall be performed by assistant district attorneys, and the office of county solicitor shall be abolished. County solicitors serving terms to which they have been elected prior to January 16, 1977, may elect to become assistant district attorneys for the duration of their electoral terms without diminution of salary or expense payments. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-131.)
AL Code § 12-12-10 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-10 - Supervision of District Courts by Presiding Circuit Judges.

Section 12-12-10Supervision of district courts by presiding circuit judges. The presiding judge of each circuit shall have general supervision of the administrative operation of the district courts within the circuit, subject to rules of the Supreme Court and the administrative authority of the Chief Justice. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-116.)
AL Code § 12-12-11 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-12-11 - Applicability of Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure.

Section 12-12-11Applicability of Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure. The Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure shall be applicable to all civil actions brought in the district court, except as they are inconsistent with this chapter and except as the Supreme Court may otherwise provide by rule. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-108.)
AL Code § 12-12-30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-30 - Civil Jurisdiction Generally.

Section 12-12-30Civil jurisdiction generally. The original civil jurisdiction of the district court of Alabama shall be uniform throughout the state, concurrent with the circuit court, except as otherwise provided, and shall include all civil actions in which the matter in controversy does not exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), exclusive of interest and costs, and civil actions based on unlawful detainer; except, that the district court shall not exercise jurisdiction over any of the following matters: (1) Actions seeking equitable relief other than: a. Equitable questions arising in juvenile cases within the jurisdiction of the district court. b. Equitable defenses asserted or compulsory counterclaims filed by any party in any civil action within the jurisdiction of the district court. (2) Any actions enumerated in Rule 81 of the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure other than any of the following: a. Actions based in negligence against municipalities. b. Actions seeking substitution of lost or destroyed records or instruments. c. Summary motion proceedings. d. Relieving disabilities of nonage. (3) Actions seeking declaratory judgments. (4) Appeals from probate or municipal courts. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-102; Acts 1995, No. 95-606, p. 1278, §1; Act 2019-405, §1.)
AL Code § 12-12-31 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-31 - Small Claims Actions; Attorney Representation; When; Attorney Fees; Prosecution of Assigned Claims; License Required.

Section 12-12-31Small claims actions; attorney representation; when; attorney fees; prosecution of assigned claims; license required. (a) The district court shall exercise exclusive jurisdiction over all civil actions in which the matter in controversy, exclusive of interest and costs, does not exceed six thousand dollars ($6,000). These actions shall be placed on a small claims docket by each district court and shall be processed according to uniform rules of simplified civil procedure as may be promulgated by the Supreme Court. (b) A party, including an individual, partnership, or corporation, may appear in cases on the small claims docket of district court with or without representation by an attorney. If a partnership appears without representation by an attorney, the person representing the partnership shall be a partner or employee of the partnership and if a corporation appears without representation by an attorney, the person representing the corporation shall be an officer or full-time employee of the corporation. (c) No party shall seek or recover any judgment in a case on the small claims docket which includes an award of attorney fees unless the party is represented by a licensed attorney. (d) No action shall be filed or prosecuted on the small claims docket by an assignee of the claim which is the subject matter of the action without being represented by a licensed attorney; nor shall any person, firm or corporation, excluding licensed attorneys, file or prosecute such an action on behalf of the original owner of the claim. (e) No action may be filed or prosecuted on the small claims docket by any individual whose license to practice law, at the time of filing or prosecution, has been revoked, suspended, or otherwise impaired for disciplinary reasons by the Alabama Board of Bar Commissioners or the Alabama Supreme Court. (f) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the docket fee for cases on the small claims docket in which the matter in controversy exceeds one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) shall be the same as the docket fee set for cases in the district court that are not small claims cases. (Code 1852, §602; Code 1867, §698; Code 1876, §616; Code 1886, §720; Code 1896, §638; Code 1907, §3052; Acts 1923, No. 589, p. 764; Code 1923, §6465; Code 1940, T. 13, §129; Acts 1990, No. 90-382, p. 513, §2; Acts 1996, No. 96-752, p. 1323, §1; Act 2015-224, §1.)
AL Code § 12-12-32 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-32 - Criminal Jurisdiction Generally.

Section 12-12-32Criminal jurisdiction generally. (a) Misdemeanors. The district court shall have exclusive original trial jurisdiction over prosecutions of all offenses defined by law or ordinance as misdemeanors, except: (1) Prosecutions by municipalities having municipal courts; (2) Any such prosecution which also involves a felony offense which is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the circuit court, except as the district court is empowered to hold preliminary hearings with respect to felonies and to receive guilty pleas as provided in subsection (b) of this section; and (3) Any misdemeanor for which an indictment has been returned by a grand jury. (b) Felonies. (1) The district court may exercise original jurisdiction concurrent with the circuit court to receive pleas of guilty in prosecutions of offenses defined by law as felonies not punishable by sentence of death. (2) The district court shall have jurisdiction to hold preliminary hearings in prosecutions for felonies as provided for in Title 15 of this code. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-106.)
AL Code § 12-12-33 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-33 - Extradition Proceedings.

Section 12-12-33Extradition proceedings. The district court may exercise jurisdiction over proceedings relating to demands for extradition made by another jurisdiction pursuant to the laws of Alabama governing extradition. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-106.)
AL Code § 12-12-34 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-34 - Juvenile Jurisdiction.

Section 12-12-34Juvenile jurisdiction. Juvenile jurisdiction shall be exercised concurrently by the district court and the circuit court as provided by law. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-104.)
AL Code § 12-12-35 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-35 - Transfer of Adoption Proceedings to District Court From Probate Court; Maintenance of Records of Adoption Proceedings.

Section 12-12-35Transfer of adoption proceedings to district court from probate court; maintenance of records of adoption proceedings. (a) Adoption proceedings, primarily cognizable before the probate court, may be transferred to the district court on motion of a party to the proceeding in probate court. (b) When adoption proceedings are transferred to the district court, a copy of the record of such proceedings shall be filed in the probate court, and the probate court offices shall maintain records of all adoption proceedings within their respective counties. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-105.)
AL Code § 12-12-36 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-36 - Venue Generally; Transfer of Actions Improperly Located; Designation of Additional Locations for Court Sites.

Section 12-12-36Venue generally; transfer of actions improperly located; designation of additional locations for court sites. (a) Venue in the district court lies in the county where venue would lie for civil or criminal actions brought in the circuit court, except that: (1) In counties where venue has lain within an area of lesser geographic extent than the county for any categories of cases which were on December 18, 1973, within the jurisdiction of a court inferior to the circuit court, venue lies in such lesser geographic area; and (2) Venue of prosecutions for violations of municipal ordinances shall be in the district court sitting in the municipality or, if none, the district court within the county and nearest to the municipality; (b) If any action is filed in a court located where venue does not lie, any party may move to transfer the action to a location where venue may properly be laid. (c) Additional locations for purposes of court sites may be designated by the Administrative Director of Courts to serve the best interest and administration of justice. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §4-107.)
AL Code § 12-12-37 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 12 - District Courts.|Article 2 - Jurisdiction Generally; Venue.|Section 12-12-37 - Removal of Action From District Court to Circuit Court Where Concurrent Jurisdiction.

Section 12-12-37Removal of action from district court to circuit court where concurrent jurisdiction. Any civil action brought in district court of which the circuit court has concurrent jurisdiction may be removed by a defendant or defendants to the circuit court of the county in which the action is pending. A defendant or defendants desiring to remove a case under this section shall file a notice of removal with the circuit court within 30 days after receipt, through service or otherwise, of a copy of the initial pleading. A case removed under this section shall not be subject to the jurisdictional damage limitations of district court. If a defendant or defendants requests removal of any civil action under this section, the circuit clerk shall remove the civil action to circuit court. (Act 2019-405, §2.)