reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NC Gen Stat § 1-69.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-69.1 - Unincorporated associations and partnerships; suit by or against.

 1-69.1. Unincorporated associations and partnerships; suit by or against.(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section:(1) All unincorporated associations, organizations or societies, or general or limited partnerships, foreign or domestic, whether organized for profit or not, may sue or be sued under the name by which they are commonly known and called, or under which they are engaging in business, to the same extent as any other legal entity established by law and without naming any of the individual members composing it.(2) Any judgments and executions against any such association, organization or society shall bind its real and personal property in like manner as if it were incorporated.(3) (Effective until December 1, 2022) Any unincorporated association, organization, society, or general partnership bringing a suit in the name by which it is commonly known and called must allege that it has filed a certificate of assumed name under former Article 14 of Chapter 66 of the General Statutes or an assumed business name certificate under Article 14A of Chapter 66 of the General Statutes.(3) (Effective December 1, 2022) Any unincorporated association, organization, society, or general partnership bringing a suit in the name by which it is commonly known and called must allege that it has filed an assumed business name certificate under Article 14A of Chapter 66 of the General Statutes.(b) Unincorporated nonprofit associations are subject to Chapter 59B of the General Statutes and not this section.  (1955, c. 545, s. 3; 1975, c. 393, ss. 1, 2; 2006-226, s. 3; 2016-100, ss. 3(a), (b); 2017-23, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-72 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-72 - Persons jointly liable.

 1-72. Persons jointly liable.In all cases of joint contracts of partners in trade or others, suit may be brought and prosecuted against all or any number of the persons making such contracts. (R.C., c. 31, s. 84; 1871-2, c. 24, s. 1; Code, s. 187; Rev., s. 413; C.S., s. 459.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-72.2 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-72.2 - Standing of legislative officers.

 1-72.2. Standing of legislative officers.(a) It is the public policy of the State of North Carolina that in any action in any North Carolina State court in which the validity or constitutionality of an act of the General Assembly or a provision of the North Carolina Constitution is challenged, the General Assembly, jointly through the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, constitutes the legislative branch of the State of North Carolina and the Governor constitutes the executive branch of the State of North Carolina, and when the State of North Carolina is named as a defendant in such cases, both the General Assembly and the Governor constitute the State of North Carolina. It is the public policy of the State of North Carolina that in any action in any federal court in which the validity or constitutionality of an act of the General Assembly or a provision of the North Carolina Constitution is challenged, the General Assembly, jointly through the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, constitutes the legislative branch of the State of North Carolina; the Governor constitutes the executive branch of the State of North Carolina; that, when the State of North Carolina is named as a defendant in such cases, both the General Assembly and the Governor constitute the State of North Carolina; and that a federal court presiding over any such action where the State of North Carolina is a named party is requested to allow both the legislative branch and the executive branch of the State of North Carolina to participate in any such action as a party.(b) The Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, as agents of the State, by and through counsel of their choice, including private counsel, shall jointly have standing to intervene on behalf of the General Assembly as a party in any judicial proceeding challenging a North Carolina statute or provision of the North Carolina Constitution. Intervention pursuant to this section shall be effected upon the filing of a notice of intervention of right in the trial or appellate court in which the matter is pending regardless of the stage of the proceeding. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, the participation of the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate in any action, State or federal, as a party or otherwise, shall not constitute a waiver of legislative immunity or legislative privilege of any individual legislator or legislative officer or staff of the General Assembly. (2013-393, s. 3; 2014-115, s. 18; 2017-57, s. 6.7(i).)
NC Gen Stat § 1-72.3 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6 - Parties.|§ 1-72.3 - State a party to certain actions.

 1-72.3. State a party to certain actions.The State shall be a party whenever the validity or constitutionality of a local act of the General Assembly is the subject of an action in any court and, except as provided in G.S. 147-17, shall be represented by the Attorney General. This section shall not affect any authority under G.S. 1-72.2 or G.S. 120-32.6.  (2016-109, s. 2(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.1 - Legislative intent.

 1-75.1. Legislative intent.This Article shall be liberally construed to the end that actions be speedily and finally determined on their merits. The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law must be strictly construed does not apply to this Article. (1967, c. 954, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.2 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.2 - Definitions.

 1-75.2. Definitions.In this Article the following words have the designated meanings:(1) "Person" means any natural person, partnership, corporation, body politic, and any unincorporated association, organization, or society which may sue or be sued under a common name.(2) "Plaintiff" means the person named as plaintiff in a civil action, and where in this Article acts of the plaintiff are referred to, the reference includes the acts of his agent within the scope of the agent's authority.(3) "Defendant" means the person named as defendant in a civil action, and where in this Article acts of the defendant are referred to, the reference includes any person's acts for which the defendant is legally responsible. In determining for jurisdictional purposes the defendant's legal responsibility for the acts of another, the substantive liability of the defendant to the plaintiff is irrelevant.(4) Where jurisdiction of the person is drawn into question in respect to any claim asserted under Rule 14 of the Rules of Civil Procedure, the terms "Plaintiff" and "Defendant" as above defined shall include a third-party plaintiff and a third-party defendant respectively.(5) "Solicitation" means a request or appeal of any kind, direct or indirect, by oral, written, visual, electronic, or other communication, whether or not the communication originates from outside the State. (1967, c. 954, s. 2; 1993, c. 338.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.3 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.3 - Jurisdictional requirements for judgments against persons, status and things.

 1-75.3. Jurisdictional requirements for judgments against persons, status and things.(a) Jurisdiction of Subject Matter Not Affected by This Article. - Nothing in this Article shall be construed to confer, enlarge or diminish the subject matter jurisdiction of any court.(b) Personal Jurisdiction. - A court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter may render a judgment against a party personally only if there exists one or more of the jurisdictional grounds set forth in G.S. 1-75.4 or G.S. 1-75.7 and in addition either:(1) Personal service or substituted personal service of summons, or service of publication of a notice of service of process is made upon the defendant pursuant to Rule 4(j) or Rule 4(j1) of the Rules of Civil Procedure; or(2) Service of a summons is dispensed with under the conditions in G.S. 1-75.7.(c) Jurisdiction in Rem or Quasi in Rem. - A court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter may render a judgment in rem or quasi in rem upon a status or upon a property or other things pursuant to G.S. 1-75.8 and the judgment in such action may affect the interests in the status, property or thing of all persons served pursuant to Rule 4(k) of the Rules of Civil Procedure. (1967, c. 954, s. 2; 1983, c. 231.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.5 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.5 - Joinder of causes in the same action.

 1-75.5. Joinder of causes in the same action.In any action brought in reliance upon jurisdictional grounds stated in subdivisions (2) to (10) of G.S. 1-75.4 there cannot be joined in the same action any other claim or cause against the defendant unless grounds exist under G.S. 1-75.4 for personal jurisdiction over the defendant as to the claim or cause to be joined. (1967, c. 954, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.6 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.6 - Personal jurisdiction - Manner of exercising by service of process.

 1-75.6. Personal jurisdiction - Manner of exercising by service of process.A court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter and grounds for personal jurisdiction as provided in G.S. 1-75.4 may exercise personal jurisdiction over a defendant by service of process in accordance with the provisions of Rule 4(j) or Rule 4(j1) of the Rules of Civil Procedure. (1967, c. 954, s. 2; 1983, c. 231.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.7 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.7 - Personal jurisdiction - Grounds for without service of summons.

 1-75.7. Personal jurisdiction - Grounds for without service of summons.A court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter may, without serving a summons upon him, exercise jurisdiction in an action over a person:(1) Who makes a general appearance in an action; provided, that obtaining an extension of time within which to answer or otherwise plead shall not be considered a general appearance; or(2) With respect to any counterclaim asserted against that person in an action which he has commenced in the State. (1967, c. 954, s. 2; 1975, c. 76, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.8 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.8 - Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem - Grounds for generally.

 1-75.8. Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem - Grounds for generally.A court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter may exercise jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem on the grounds stated in this section. A judgment in rem or quasi in rem may affect the interests of a defendant in a status, property or thing acted upon only if process has been served upon the defendant pursuant to Rule 4(k) of the Rules of Civil Procedure. Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem may be invoked in any of the following cases:(1) When the subject of the action is real or personal property in this State and the defendant has or claims any lien or interest therein, or the relief demanded consists wholly or partially in excluding the defendant from any interest or lien therein. This subdivision shall apply whether any such defendant is known or unknown.(2) When the action is to foreclose, redeem from or satisfy a deed of trust, mortgage, claim or lien upon real or personal property in this State.(3) When the action is for a divorce or for annulment of marriage of a resident of this State.(4) When the defendant has property within this State which has been attached or has a debtor within the State who has been garnished. Jurisdiction under this subdivision may be independent of or supplementary to jurisdiction acquired under subdivisions (1), (2) and (3) of this section.(5) In any other action in which in rem or quasi in rem jurisdiction may be constitutionally exercised. (1967, c. 954, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.9 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.9 - Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem - Manner of exercising.

 1-75.9. Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem - Manner of exercising.A court of this State exercising jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem pursuant to G.S. 1-75.8 may affect the interests of a defendant in such an action only if process has been served upon the defendant in accordance with the provisions of Rule 4(k) of the Rules of Civil Procedure, but nothing herein shall prevent the court from making interlocutory orders for the protection of the res while the action is pending. (1967, c. 954, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.11 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.11 - Judgment against nonappearing defendant, proof of jurisdiction.

 1-75.11. Judgment against nonappearing defendant, proof of jurisdiction.Where a defendant fails to appear in the action within apt time the court shall, before entering a judgment against such defendant, require proof of service of the summons in the manner required by G.S. 1-75.10 and, in addition, shall require further proof as follows:(1) Where Personal Jurisdiction Is Claimed Over the Defendant. - Where a personal claim is made against the defendant, the court shall require proof by affidavit or other evidence, to be made and filed, of the existence of any fact not shown by verified complaint which is needed to establish grounds for personal jurisdiction over the defendant. The court may require such additional proof as the interests of justice require.(2) Where Jurisdiction Is in Rem or Quasi in Rem. - Where no personal claim is made against the defendant, the court shall require such proofs, by affidavit or otherwise, as are necessary to show that the court's jurisdiction has been invoked over the status, property or thing which is the subject of the action. The court may require such additional proof as the interests of justice require. (1967, c. 954, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-75.12 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 6A - Jurisdiction.|§ 1-75.12 - Stay of proceeding to permit trial in a foreign jurisdiction or filing of a bankruptcy trust claim.

 1-75.12. Stay of proceeding to permit trial in a foreign jurisdiction or filing of a bankruptcy trust claim.(a) When Stay May be Granted. - If, in any action pending in any court of this State, the judge shall find that it would work substantial injustice for the action to be tried in a court of this State, the judge on motion of any party may enter an order to stay further proceedings in the action in this State. A moving party under this subsection must stipulate his consent to suit in another jurisdiction found by the judge to provide a convenient, reasonable and fair place of trial.(a1) [Bankruptcy Trust Claims.] - In any civil action asserting personal injury claiming disease based upon exposure to asbestos, if a defendant has a reasonable belief that the plaintiff can file additional bankruptcy trust claims, the court on motion of the defendant may enter an order to stay the civil action until the plaintiff files the bankruptcy trust claim.(b) Subsequent Modification of Order to Stay Proceedings. - In a proceeding in which a stay has been ordered under this section, jurisdiction of the court continues for a period of five years from the entry of the last order affecting the stay; and the court may, on motion and notice to the parties, modify the stay order and take such action as the interests of justice require. When jurisdiction of the court terminates by reason of the lapse of five years following the entry of the last order affecting the stay, the clerk shall without notice enter an order dismissing the action.(c) Review of Rulings on Motion. - Whenever a motion for a stay made pursuant to subsection (a) above is granted, any nonmoving party shall have the right of immediate appeal. Whenever such a motion is denied, the movant may seek review by means of a writ of certiorari and failure to do so shall constitute a waiver of any error the judge may have committed in denying the motion.  (1967, c. 954, s. 2; 2018-4, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-76 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 7 - Venue.|§ 1-76 - Where subject of action situated.

 1-76. Where subject of action situated.Actions for the following causes must be tried in the county in which the subject of the action, or some part thereof, is situated, subject to the power of the court to change the place of trial in the cases provided by law:(1) Recovery of real property, or of an estate or interest therein, or for the determination in any form of such right or interest, and for injuries to real property.(2) Partition of real property.(3) Foreclosure of a mortgage of real property.(4) Recovery of personal property when the recovery of the property itself is the sole or primary relief demanded. (C.C.P., s. 66; Code, s. 190; 1889, c. 219; Rev., s. 419; C.S., s. 463; 1951, c. 837, s. 4.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-76.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 7 - Venue.|§ 1-76.1 - Where deficiency debtor resides or where loan was negotiated.

 1-76.1. Where deficiency debtor resides or where loan was negotiated.Subject to the power of the court to change the place of trial as provided by law, actions to recover a deficiency, which remains owing on a debt after secured personal property has been sold to partially satisfy the debt, must be brought in the county in which the debtor or debtor's agent resides or in the county where the loan was negotiated. (1977, c. 383, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-77 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 7 - Venue.|§ 1-77 - Where cause of action arose.

 1-77. Where cause of action arose.Actions for the following causes must be tried in the county where the cause, or some part thereof, arose, subject to the power of the court to change the place of trial, in the cases provided by law:(1) Recovery of a penalty or forfeiture, imposed by statute; except that, when it is imposed for an offense committed on a sound, bay, river, or other body of water, situated in two or more counties, the action may be brought in any county bordering on such body of water, and opposite to the place where the offense was committed.(2) Against a public officer or person especially appointed to execute his duties, for an act done by him by virtue of his office; or against a person who by his command or in his aid does anything touching the duties of such officer. (C.C.P., s. 67; Code, s. 191; Rev., s. 420; C.S., s. 464.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-78 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 7 - Venue.|§ 1-78 - Official bonds, executors and administrators.

 1-78. Official bonds, executors and administrators.All actions against executors and administrators in their official capacity, except where otherwise provided by statute, and all actions upon official bonds must be instituted in the county where the bonds were given, if the principal or any surety on the bond is in the county; if not, then in the plaintiff's county. (1868-9, c. 258; Code, s. 193; Rev., s. 421; C.S., s. 465.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-79 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 7 - Venue.|§ 1-79 - Domestic corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, and registered limited liability partnerships.

 1-79. Domestic corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, and registered limited liability partnerships.(a) For the purpose of suing and being sued the residence of a domestic corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company, or registered limited liability partnership is as follows:(1) Where the registered or principal office of the corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company, or registered limited liability partnership is located, or(2) Where the corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company, or registered limited liability partnership maintains a place of business, or(3) If no registered or principal office is in existence, and no place of business is currently maintained or can reasonably be found, the term "residence" shall include any place where the corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company, or registered limited liability partnership is regularly engaged in carrying on business.(b) For purposes of this section, the term "domestic" when applied to an entity means:(1) An entity formed under the laws of this State, or(2) An entity that (i) is formed under the laws of any jurisdiction other than this State, and (ii) maintains a registered office in this State pursuant to a certificate of authority from the Secretary of State. (1903, c. 806; Rev., s. 422; C.S., s. 466; 1951, c. 837, s. 5; 1957, c. 492; 1973, c. 885; 1975, c. 111; 1999-362, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-80 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 7 - Venue.|§ 1-80 - Foreign corporations.

 1-80. Foreign corporations.An action against a corporation created by or under the law of any other state or government may be brought in the appropriate trial court division of any county in which the cause of action arose, or in which the corporation usually did business, or has property, or in which the plaintiffs, or either of them, reside, in the following cases:(1) By a resident of this State, for any cause of action.(2) By a nonresident of this State in any county where he or they are regularly engaged in carrying on business.(3) By a plaintiff, not a resident of this State, when the cause of action arose or the subject of the action is situated in this State. (C.C.P., s. 361; 1876-7, c. 170; Code, s. 194; Rev., s. 423; 1907, c. 460; C.S., s. 467; 1971, c. 268, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-81 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 7 - Venue.|§ 1-81 - Actions against railroads.

 1-81. Actions against railroads.In all actions against railroads the action must be tried either in the county where the cause of action arose or where the plaintiff resided at that time or in some county adjoining that in which the cause of action arose, subject to the power of the court to change the place of trial as provided by statute. (Rev., s. 424; C.S., s. 468.)