reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
12 OK Stat § 12-2022 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2022. Interpleader.

|INTERPLEADER |A. Persons having claims against the plaintiff may be joined as defendants and required to interplead when their claims are such that the plaintiff is or may be exposed to double or multiple liability. It is not ground for objection to the joinder that the claims of the several claimants or the titles on which their claims depend do not have a common origin or are not identical but are adverse to and independent of one another, or that the plaintiff avers that he is not liable in whole or in part to any or all of the claimants. A defendant exposed to similar liability may obtain such interpleader by way of cross-claim or counterclaim. The provisions of this section supplement and do not in any way limit the joinder of parties permitted in Section 20 of this act.B. The provisions of this section shall be applicable to actions brought against a sheriff or other officer for the recovery of personal property taken by him under execution or for the proceeds of such property so taken and sold by him; and the defendant in any such action shall be entitled to the benefit of this section against the party in whose favor the execution issued.C. The court may make an order for the safekeeping of the subject of the action or for its payment or delivery into the court or to such person as the court may direct, and the court may order the person who is seeking relief by way of interpleader to give a bond, payable to the clerk of the court, in such amount and with such surety as the court or judge may deem proper, conditioned upon the compliance with the future order or judgment of the court with respect to the subject matter of the controversy. Where the party seeking relief by way of interpleader claims no interest in the subject of the action and the subject of the action has been deposited with the court or with a person designated by the court, the court should discharge him from the action and from liability as to the claims of the other parties to the action with costs and, in the discretion of the court, a reasonable attorney fee.D. In cases of interpleader, costs may be adjudged for or against any party, except as provided in subsection C of this section.Added by Laws 1984, c. 164, § 22, eff. Nov. 1, 1984.
12 OK Stat § 12-2023.1 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2023.1. Derivative actions by shareholders.

|DERIVATIVE ACTIONS BY SHAREHOLDERS |In a derivative action brought by one or more shareholders or members to enforce a right of a corporation or of an unincorporated association, the corporation or association having failed to enforce a right which may properly be asserted by it, the petition shall be verified and shall allege that the plaintiff was a shareholder or member at the time of the transaction of which he complains or that his share or membership thereafter devolved on him by operation of law. The petition shall also allege with particularity the efforts, if any, made by the plaintiff to obtain the action he desires from the directors or comparable authority and, if necessary, from the shareholders or members, and the reasons for his failure to obtain the action or for not making the effort. The derivative action may not be maintained if it appears that the plaintiff does not fairly and adequately represent the interests of the shareholders or members similarly situated in enforcing the right of the corporation or association. The action shall not be dismissed or compromised without the approval of the court, and notice of the proposed dismissal or compromise shall be given to shareholders or members in such manner as the court directs.Added by Laws 1984, c. 164, § 24, eff. Nov. 1, 1984.
12 OK Stat § 12-2023.2 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2023.2. Actions relating to unincorporated associations.

|ACTIONS RELATING TO UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS |An action brought by or against the members of an unincorporated association as a class by naming certain members as representative parties may be maintained only if it appears that the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the association and its members. In the conduct of the action the court may make appropriate orders corresponding with those described in subsection D of Section 23 of this act, and the procedure for dismissal or compromise of the action shall correspond with that provided in subsection E of Section 23 of this act.Added by Laws 1984, c. 164, § 25, eff. Nov. 1, 1984.
12 OK Stat § 12-2025.1 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2025.1. Assignment by parent to child of right to recover for injury to child.

|The parent or parents having the right to recover damages for an injury to a minor child may assign to said child their right to recover said damages, and where the parent or parents of a minor child bring an action as guardian or guardian ad litem or next friend on behalf of said child and ask for a judgment for him for damages to which said parent or parents are entitled, said parent or parents will be deemed to have assigned to the minor child their right to recover such damages. Any damages recovered pursuant to this section shall be disposed of in the same manner as provided by Section 83 of Title 12 of the Oklahoma Statutes. |Added by Laws 1977, c. 138, § 1, eff. Oct. 1, 1977. Transferred from § 244 of Title 12. Renumbered from § 17.1 of Title 10 by Laws 2009, c. 233, § 201, emerg. eff. May 21, 2009.
12 OK Stat § 12-2026 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2026. Forms.

|FORMS |The forms contained in Section 29 of this act, the Appendix of Forms, are sufficient under the Oklahoma Pleading Code and are intended to indicate the simplicity and brevity of statement which the Oklahoma Pleading Code contemplates.Added by Laws 1984, c. 164, § 28, eff. Nov. 1, 1984.
12 OK Stat § 12-2101 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2101. Short title.

|This act shall be known and may be cited as the Oklahoma Evidence Code. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 101, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2102 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2102. Legislative purpose.

|This Code shall be construed to secure fairness in administration, elimination of unjustifiable expense and delay and promotion of growth and development of the law of evidence to the end that the truth may be ascertained and proceedings justly determined. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 102, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2103 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2103. Scope of rules.

|A. Except as otherwise provided in subsection B of this section, this Code shall apply in both criminal and civil proceedings, conducted by or under the supervision of a court, in which evidence is produced. |B. The rules set forth in this Code, other than those applicable to a valid claim of privilege, do not apply in the following situations:1. The determination of questions of fact preliminary to admissibility of evidence when the issue is to be determined by the judge under subsection A of Section 2105 of this title; and2. Proceedings for extradition or rendition; sentencing or granting or revoking probation; advancement of deferred judgment; issuance of warrants for arrest, criminal summonses and search warrants; proceedings with respect to release on bail or otherwise; and juvenile emergency show-cause hearings.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 103, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 1986, c. 240, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 1986; Laws 2002, c. 468, § 24, eff. Nov. 1, 2002.
12 OK Stat § 12-2104 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2104. Rulings on evidence.

|A. Error may not be predicated upon a ruling which admits or excludes evidence unless a substantial right of a party is affected, and: |1. If the ruling is one admitting evidence, a timely objection or motion to strike appears of record, stating the specific ground of objection, if the specific ground was not apparent from the context; or2. If the ruling is one excluding evidence, the substance of the evidence was made known to the judge by offer or was apparent from the context within which questions were asked.B. The court may add any statement which shows the character of the evidence, the form in which it was offered, the objection made and the ruling thereon. It may direct the making of an offer in question and answer form.C. In jury cases, proceedings shall be conducted, to the extent practicable, so as to prevent inadmissible evidence from being presented to the jury by any means, including making statements or offers of proof or asking questions within the hearing of the jury.D. Nothing in this section precludes taking notice of plain errors affecting substantial rights although they were not brought to the attention of the court.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 104, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2105 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2105. Preliminary questions.

|A. Preliminary questions concerning the qualifications of a person to be a witness, the existence of a privilege or the admissibility of evidence shall be determined by the court, subject to the provisions of subsections B and C of this section. |B. A person claiming a privilege must prove that the conditions prerequisite to the existence of the privilege are more probably true than not. A person claiming an exception to a privilege must prove that the conditions prerequisite to the applicability of the exception are more probably true than not. If there is a factual basis to support a good faith belief that a review of the allegedly privileged material is necessary, the court, in making its determination, may review the material outside the presence of any other person.C. When the relevancy of evidence depends upon the fulfillment of a condition of fact, the judge shall admit it upon, or subject to, the introduction of evidence sufficient to support a finding of the fulfillment of the condition.D. Hearings on the admissibility of confessions shall be conducted in all cases out of the hearing of the jury. Hearings on other preliminary matters shall also be conducted out of the hearing of the jury when the interests of justice require or when requested by an accused who is a witness.E. The accused does not subject himself to cross-examination on other issues in the case by testifying upon a preliminary matter.F. This section does not limit the right of a party to introduce before the jury evidence relevant to weight or credibility.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 105, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 2002, c. 468, § 25, eff. Nov. 1, 2002.
12 OK Stat § 12-2106 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2106. Limited admissibility.

|When evidence which is admissible as to one party or for one purpose but not admissible as to another party or for another purpose is admitted, the court shall upon request restrict the evidence to its proper scope and instruct the jury accordingly. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 106, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2107 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2107. Remainder of record.

|When a record or part thereof is introduced by a party, an adverse party may require the introduction at that time of any other part or any other record that should in fairness be considered contemporaneously with it. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 107, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 2002, c. 468, § 26, eff. Nov. 1, 2002.
12 OK Stat § 12-2201 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2201. Judicial notice of law.

|A. Judicial notice shall be taken by the court of the common law, constitutions and public statutes in force in every state, territory and jurisdiction of the United States. |B. Judicial notice may be taken by the court of:1. Private acts and resolutions of the Congress of the United States and of the Legislature of this state, and duly enacted ordinances and duly published regulations of governmental subdivisions or agencies of this state or the United States; and2. The laws of foreign countries.C. The determination by judicial notice of the applicability and the tenor of any matter of common law, constitutional law or of any statute, private act, resolution, ordinance or regulation shall be a matter for the judge and not for the jury.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 201, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2202 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2202. Judicial notice of adjudicative facts.

|A. This section governs only judicial notice of adjudicative facts. |B. A judicially noticed adjudicative fact shall not be subject to reasonable dispute in that it is either:1. Generally known within the territorial jurisdiction of the trial court; or2. Capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned.C. A court may take judicial notice, whether requested or not.D. A court shall take judicial notice if requested by a party and supplied with the necessary information.E. In a civil action or proceeding, the court shall instruct the jury to accept as conclusive any fact judicially noticed. In a criminal case, the court shall instruct the jury that it may, but is not required to, accept as conclusive any fact judicially noticed.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 202, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 2002, c. 468, § 27, eff. Nov. 1, 2002.
12 OK Stat § 12-2203 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2203. Determining propriety of taking judicial notice.

|A. In determining the propriety of taking judicial notice of a matter: |1. The court may consult and use any source of pertinent information, whether or not furnished by a party; and2. No exclusionary rule except a valid claim of privilege shall apply.B. A party is entitled upon timely request to an opportunity to be heard as to the propriety of taking judicial notice and the scope of the matter noticed. In the absence of prior notification, the request may be made after judicial notice has been taken.C. Judicial notice may be taken at any stage of the proceeding.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 203, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2301 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2301. Definitions.

|As used in this Code: |1. A "presumption" means a rule of procedure that when a basic fact exists the existence of another fact must be assumed, whether or not the basic fact has any probative value of the existence of the assumed fact;2. "Basic fact" means the fact or group of facts giving rise to a presumption;3. "Presumed fact" means the fact which must be assumed; and4. "Inconsistent presumptions" means the presumed fact of one presumption is inconsistent with the presumed fact of another presumption.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 301, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 2002, c. 468, § 28, eff. Nov. 1, 2002.
12 OK Stat § 12-2302 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2302. Establishment of basic fact.

|The basic fact of a presumption may be established in an action by the pleadings, or by stipulation of the parties, or by judicial notice, or by evidence. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 302, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2303 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2303. Effect of presumptions in civil cases.

|Except when otherwise provided by law, when the basic fact of a presumption has been established as provided in Section 302 of this Code: |1. If the basic fact has any probative value of the existence of the presumed fact, the presumed fact shall be assumed to exist and the burden of persuading the trier of fact of the nonexistence of the presumed fact rests on the party against whom the presumption operates; or2. If the basic fact does not have any probative value of the existence of the presumed fact, the presumed fact is disregarded when the party against whom the presumption operates introduces evidence which would support a finding of the nonexistence of the presumed fact and the existence of the fact otherwise presumed is then determined from the evidence in the same manner as if no presumption had been operable in the case.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 303, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2304 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2304. Presumptions in criminal cases.

|A. Except as otherwise provided by act of the Legislature, this statute governs presumptions against an accused, in a criminal case, recognized at common law or created by statute, including statutory provisions that certain facts are prima facie evidence of other facts or of guilt. |B. The court shall not direct the jury to find a presumed fact against an accused. If a presumed fact establishes guilt, is an element of the offense, or negates a defense, the court may submit the question of guilt or of the existence of the presumed fact to the jury, if a reasonable juror considering the evidence as a whole, including the evidence of the basic facts, could find guilt or the presumed fact beyond a reasonable doubt. If the presumed fact has a lesser effect, its existence may be submitted to the jury if the basic facts are supported by substantial evidence, or are otherwise established, unless the evidence as a whole negates the existence of the presumed fact.C. Whenever the existence of a presumed fact against the accused establishes guilt or is an element of the offense or negatives a defense and is submitted to the jury, the judge shall give an instruction explaining that the jury may regard the basic facts as sufficient evidence of the presumed fact but is not required to do so. Where the presumed fact establishes guilt, is an element of the offense or negatives a defense, the judge also shall instruct the jury that its existence, on all the evidence, must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 304, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 2002, c. 468, § 29, eff. Nov. 1, 2002.
12 OK Stat § 12-2305 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2305. Inconsistent presumptions.

|If two conflicting presumptions arise the court shall apply the presumption which is founded on the weightier considerations of policy and logic. If there is no such preponderance both presumptions shall be disregarded. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 305, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2401 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2401. Definition of "relevant evidence".

|"Relevant evidence" means evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 401, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2402 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2402. Relevant evidence generally admissible - Irrelevant evidence inadmissible.

|All relevant evidence is admissible, except as otherwise provided by the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution of the State of Oklahoma, by statute or by this Code. Evidence which is not relevant is not admissible. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 402, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2403 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2403. Exclusion of relevant evidence on grounds of prejudice, confusion or cumulative nature of evidence.

|Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, misleading the jury, undue delay, needless presentation of cumulative evidence, or unfair and harmful surprise. However, in a prosecution for any criminal homicide, an appropriate photograph of the victim while alive shall be admissible evidence when offered by the district attorney to show the general appearance and condition of the victim while alive. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 403, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 2002, c. 468, § 30, eff. Nov. 1, 2002; Laws 2003, c. 3, § 15, emerg. eff. March 19, 2003.NOTE: Laws 2002, c. 128, § 1 repealed by Laws 2003, c. 3, § 16, emerg. eff. March 19, 2003.
12 OK Stat § 12-2404 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2404. Character evidence not admissible to prove conduct - Exceptions - Other crimes.

|A. Evidence of a person's character or a trait of his character is not admissible for the purpose of proving action in conformity therewith on a particular occasion, except: |1. Evidence of a pertinent trait of character offered by an accused or by the prosecution to rebut the same;2. Evidence of a pertinent trait of character of the victim of the crime offered by an accused, or by the prosecution to rebut the same, or evidence of a character trait of peacefulness of the victim offered by the prosecution in a homicide case to rebut evidence that the victim was the first aggressor; or3. Evidence of the character of a witness, as provided in Sections 2607, 2608 and 2609 of this Code.B. Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity or absence of mistake or accident.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 404, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 1991, c. 62, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991.
12 OK Stat § 12-2405 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2405. Methods of proving character.

|A. Where evidence of a person's character or trait of character is admissible, proof may be by testimony as to reputation or by testimony in the form of opinion. Inquiry is allowable on cross-examination into relevant specific instances of conduct. |B. In cases in which a person's character or a trait of character is an essential element of a charge, claim or defense, proof may be made of specific instances of his conduct.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 405, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2406 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2406. Habit - Routine practice.

|Evidence of a person's habit or of an organization's routine practice, whether corroborated or not and regardless of the presence of eyewitnesses, is relevant to prove that the conduct of the person or organization on a particular occasion was in conformity with the habit or routine practice. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 406, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.
12 OK Stat § 12-2407 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2407. Subsequent remedial measures.

|When measures are taken that would have made an earlier injury or harm less likely to occur, evidence of the subsequent measures is not admissible to prove negligence, culpable conduct, a defect in a product or its design or a need for a warning or instruction. However, a court may admit such evidence for another purpose, such as impeachment or, if disputed, proving ownership, control, or feasibility of precautionary measures. |Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 407, eff. Oct. 1, 1978. Amended by Laws 1991, c. 62, § 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Laws 2012, c. 99, § 1, eff. July 1, 2012.
12 OK Stat § 12-2408 (2021)
2021 Oklahoma Statutes|Title 12. Civil Procedure|§12-2408. Compromise and offers to compromise.

|Evidence of: |1. Furnishing, offering or promising to furnish; or2. Accepting, offering or promising to accept,a valuable consideration in compromising or attempting to compromise a claim which was disputed as to either validity or amount is not admissible to prove liability for the claim, invalidity of the claim or the amount of the claim.Evidence of conduct or statements made in compromise negotiations is not admissible. This section does not require the exclusion of discoverable evidence merely because it is revealed in the course of compromise negotiations. This section does not require exclusion of evidence when it is offered for another purpose, including proof of bias or prejudice of a witness, negativing a contention of undue delay, or proof of an effort to obstruct a criminal investigation or prosecution.Added by Laws 1978, c. 285, § 408, eff. Oct. 1, 1978.