reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AR Code § 4-59-102 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 1 - Statute of Frauds|§ 4-59-102. Leases, estates, etc

 (a) All leases, estates, interests of freeholds, or lease of years, or any uncertain interests of, in, to, or out of any messuages, lands, or tenements made or created by livery and seisin only, or by parol, and not put in writing and signed by the parties or their agents lawfully authorized by writing so making or creating the leases, estates, interests of freehold, lease of years, or any uncertain interests, shall have the force and effect of leases or estates at will only, and shall not, either in law or equity, be deemed or taken to have any other or greater effect or force than as leases not exceeding the term of one (1) year.  (b) No leases, estates, or interest, either of freehold or of term of years in, to, or out of any messuages, lands, or tenements, except leases for a term not exceeding one (1) year, shall at any time be assigned, granted, or surrendered unless it is by deed or notice in writing, signed by the party so assigning, granting, or surrendering the leases, estates, interests of freeholds, lease of years, or any uncertain interests, or by their agents lawfully authorized by writing or by operation of law.
AR Code § 4-59-103 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 1 - Statute of Frauds|§ 4-59-103. Trusts or confidences

 (a)  (1) All declarations or creations of trusts or confidences of any lands or tenements shall be manifested and proved by some writing signed by the party who is or shall be by law enabled to declare the trusts, or by his or her last will in writing, or else they shall be void.  (2) All grants and assignments of any trusts or confidences shall be in writing signed by the party granting or assigning them, or by his or her last will in writing, or else they shall be void.    (b) Where any conveyance shall be made of any lands or tenements, by which a trust or confidence may arise or result by implication of law, the trust or confidence shall not be affected by anything contained in this section, § 4-59-102, and § 4-59-201 et seq.  (c) (i) a person that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person that holds the securities:
AR Code § 4-59-202 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-202. Insolvency

 (a) A debtor is insolvent if, at a fair valuation, the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than the sum of the debtor's assets.  (b) A debtor that is generally not paying the debtor's debts as they become due, other than as a result of a bona fide dispute, is presumed to be insolvent. The presumption imposes on the party against which the presumption is directed the burden of proving that the nonexistence of insolvency is more probable than its existence.  (c) Assets under this section do not include property that has been transferred, concealed, or removed with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under this subchapter.  (d) Debts under this section do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset.
AR Code § 4-59-203 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-203. Value

 (a) Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or other person.  (b) For the purposes of § 4-59-204(a)(2) and § 4-59-205, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust, or security agreement.  (c) A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.
AR Code § 4-59-204 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-204. Transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditor

 (a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation:  (1) with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor; or  (2) without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor:  (i) was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction; or  (ii) intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that the debtor would incur, debts beyond the debtor's ability to pay as they became due.      (b) In determining actual intent under subdivision (a)(1) of this section, consideration may be given, among other factors, as to whether:  (1) the transfer or obligation was to an insider;  (2) the debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer;  (3) the transfer or obligation was disclosed or concealed;  (4) before the transfer was made or obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit;  (5) the transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets;  (6) the debtor absconded;  (7) the debtor removed or concealed assets;  (8) the value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred;  (9) the debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred;  (10) the transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred; and  (11) the debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lienor that transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.    (c) A creditor making a claim for relief under subsection (a) of this section has the burden of proving the elements of the claim for relief by a preponderance of the evidence.
AR Code § 4-59-205 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-205. Transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditor

 (a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation.  (b) A transfer made by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time, and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.  (c) Except as provided under § 4-59-202(b), a creditor making a claim for relief under subsection (a) or subsection (b) of this section has the burden of proving the elements of the claim for relief by a preponderance of the evidence.
AR Code § 4-59-206 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-206. When transfer is made or obligation is incurred

 For the purposes of this subchapter:   (1) a transfer is made:  (i) with respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against which applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; and  (ii) with respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under this subchapter that is superior to the interest of the transferee;    (2) if applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in subdivision (1) of this section and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under this subchapter, the transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action;  (3) if applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in subdivision (1) of this section, the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee;  (4) a transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred; and  (5) an obligation is incurred:  (i) if oral, when it becomes effective between the parties; or  (ii) if evidenced by a record, when the record signed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.      No court order or judgment of a court shall be an obligation incurred under this subchapter.
AR Code § 4-59-207 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-207. Remedies of creditor

 (a) In an action for relief against a transfer or obligation under this subchapter, a creditor, subject to the limitations in § 4-59-208, may obtain:  (1) avoidance of the transfer or obligation to the extent necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim;  (2) an attachment or other provisional remedy against the asset transferred or other property of the transferee if available under applicable law;  (3) subject to applicable principles of equity and in accordance with applicable rules of civil procedure:  (i) an injunction against further disposition by the debtor or a transferee, or both, of the asset transferred or of other property;  (ii) appointment of a receiver to take charge of the asset transferred or of other property of the transferee; or  (iii) any other relief the circumstances may require; and    (4) a settlement agreement with the transferee or a child support creditor or the Office of Child Support Enforcement in Title IV-D cases.    (b) If a creditor has obtained a judgment on a claim against the debtor, the creditor, if the court so orders, may levy execution on the asset transferred or its proceeds.
AR Code § 4-59-209 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-209. Extinguishment of claim for relief

 A claim for relief with respect to a transfer or obligation under this subchapter is extinguished unless action is brought:   (a) under § 4-59-204(a)(1), not later than four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred or, if later, not later than one year after the transfer or obligation was or could reasonably have been discovered by the claimant;  (b) under § 4-59-204(a)(2) or § 4-59-205(a), not later than four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred; or  (c) under § 4-59-205(b), not later than one year after the transfer was made.
AR Code § 4-59-210 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-210. Governing law

 (a) In this section, the following rules determine a debtor's location:  (1) A debtor who is an individual is located at the individual's principal residence.  (2) A debtor that is an organization and has only one place of business is located at its place of business.  (3) A debtor that is an organization and has more than one place of business is located at its chief executive office.    (b) A claim for relief in the nature of a claim for relief under this subchapter is governed by the local law of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located when the transfer is made or the obligation is incurred.
AR Code § 4-59-211 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-211. Application to series organization

 (a) In this section:  (1) “Protected series” means an arrangement, however denominated, created by a series organization that, pursuant to the law under which the series organization is organized, has the characteristics set forth in subdivision (a)(2) of this section.  (2) “Series organization” means an organization that, pursuant to the law under which it is organized, has the following characteristics:  (i) the organic record of the organization provides for creation by the organization of one or more protected series, however denominated, with respect to specified property of the organization, and for records to be maintained for each protected series that identify the property of or associated with the protected series.  (ii) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities of, or property of or associated with, a particular protected series is enforceable against the property of or associated with the protected series only, and not against the property of or associated with the organization or other protected series of the organization.  (iii) debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities or property of the organization is enforceable against the property of the organization only, and not against the property of or associated with a protected series of the organization.      (b) A series organization and each protected series of the organization is a separate person for purposes of this subchapter, even if for other purposes a protected series is not a person separate from the organization or other protected series of the organization.
AR Code § 4-59-212 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-212. Supplementary provisions

 Unless displaced by the provisions of this subchapter, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relating to principal and agent, estoppel, laches, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, insolvency, or other validating or invalidating cause, supplement its provisions.
AR Code § 4-59-213 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-213. Uniformity of application and construction

 This subchapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this subchapter among states enacting it.
AR Code § 4-59-214 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-214. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act

 This subchapter modifies, limits, or supersedes the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7001 et seq., but does not modify, limit, or supersede Section 101(c) of that act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7001(c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 103(b) of that act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7003(b).
AR Code § 4-59-215 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 2 - Uniform Voidable Transactions Act|§ 4-59-215. Short title

 This subchapter, which was formerly cited as the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, may be cited as the Uniform Voidable Transactions Act.
AR Code § 4-59-301 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 3 - Bills of Lading|§ 4-59-301. Issuance of bill for goods not received

 Any officer, agent, or servant of a carrier who with intent to defraud issues or aids in issuing a bill, knowing that all or any part of the goods for which the bill is issued have not been received by the carrier or by an agent of the carrier or by a connecting carrier or are not under the carrier's control at the time of issuing the bill, shall be guilty of a Class D felony.
AR Code § 4-59-302 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 3 - Bills of Lading|§ 4-59-302. Issuance of bill containing false statement

 Any officer, agent, or servant of a carrier who with intent to defraud issues or aids in issuing a bill for goods, knowing that it contains any false statement, shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
AR Code § 4-59-303 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 3 - Bills of Lading|§ 4-59-303. Issuance of duplicate bills not so marked

 Any officer, agent, or servant of a carrier who with intent to defraud issues or aids in issuing a duplicate or additional negotiable bill for goods, knowing that a former negotiable bill for the same goods or any part of them is outstanding and uncancelled, shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding five (5) years or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both.
AR Code § 4-59-304 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 3 - Bills of Lading|§ 4-59-304. Issuance of nonnegotiable bill not so marked

 Any person who with intent to defraud issues or aids in issuing a nonnegotiable bill without the words “not negotiable” placed plainly upon the face thereof shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding five (5) years or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both.
AR Code § 4-59-305 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 3 - Bills of Lading|§ 4-59-305. Inducing carrier to issue bill when goods have not been received

 Any person who with intent to defraud secures the issue by a carrier of a bill, knowing that at the time of the issue any or all of the goods described in the bill as received for transportation have not been received by the carrier, or an agent of the carrier or a connecting carrier, or are not under the carrier's control, by inducing an officer, agent, or servant of the carrier falsely to believe that the goods have been received by the carrier or are under its control, shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding five (5) years or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both.
AR Code § 4-59-306 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 3 - Bills of Lading|§ 4-59-306. Negotiation of bill for unowned or mortgaged goods

 Any person who ships goods to which he or she does not have title or upon which there is a lien or mortgage and who takes for such goods a negotiable bill which he or she afterwards negotiates for value with intent to deceive and without disclosing his or her want of title or the existence of the lien or mortgage shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
AR Code § 4-59-307 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 3 - Bills of Lading|§ 4-59-307. Negotiation of bill when goods are not in carrier's possession

 Any person who with intent to deceive negotiates or transfers for value a bill, knowing that any or all of the goods which by the terms of the bill appear to have been received for transportation by the carrier which issued the bill are not in the possession or control of the carrier or of a connecting carrier, without disclosing this fact, shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding five (5) years or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both.
AR Code § 4-59-401 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 4 - Warehouse Receipts|§ 4-59-401. Issuance of receipt for goods not received or controlled

 A warehouseman or any officer, agent, or servant of a warehouseman, who issues or aids in issuing a receipt, knowing that the goods for which the receipt is issued have not been actually received by the warehouseman or are not under his actual control at the time of issuing the receipt, shall be guilty of a crime and upon conviction shall be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding five (5) years or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both.
AR Code § 4-59-402 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 4 - Warehouse Receipts|§ 4-59-402. Fraudulent issuance of receipt containing false statement

 A warehouseman or any officer, agent, or servant of a warehouseman, who fraudulently issues or aids in fraudulently issuing a receipt for goods, knowing that it contains any false statement, shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
AR Code § 4-59-403 (2020)
2020 Arkansas Code|Title 4 - Business and Commercial Law|Subtitle 5 - Contracts, Notes, and Other Commercial Instruments|Chapter 59 - Fraud|Subchapter 4 - Warehouse Receipts|§ 4-59-403. Issuance of duplicate receipt not so marked

 A warehouseman or any officer, agent, or servant of a warehouseman who issues or aids in issuing a duplicate or additional negotiable receipt for goods, knowing that a former negotiable receipt for the same goods or any part of them is outstanding and uncancelled, without plainly placing upon the face thereof the word “Duplicate” shall be guilty of a crime, and upon conviction shall be punished for each offense by imprisonment not exceeding five (5) years or by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both.