TN Code § 50-6-204 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 50 - Employer and Employee|Chapter 6 - Workers' Compensation Law|Part 2 - Claims and Payment of Compensation|§ 50-6-204. Medical Treatment, Attendance and Hospitalization — Release of Medical Records — Reports — Disputes — Reimbursement or Payment of Expenses — Burial Expenses — Physical Examinations — Pain Management. [Applicable to Injuries Occurring Prior to July 1, 2014.]

    The employer or the employer's agent shall furnish, free of charge to the employee, such medical and surgical treatment, medicine, medical and surgical supplies, crutches, artificial members, and other reasonable and necessary apparatus, including prescription eyeglasses and eye wear, such nursing services or psychological services as ordered by the attending physician and hospitalization, including such dental work made reasonably necessary by accident as defined in this chapter.   No medical provider shall charge more than ten dollars ($10.00) for the first twenty (20) pages or less, and twenty-five cents (25¢) per page for each page after the first twenty (20) pages, for any medical reports, medical records or documents pertaining to medical treatment or hospitalization of the employee that are furnished pursuant to this subsection (a).      It is the intent of the general assembly that the administration of the workers' compensation system proceed in a timely manner and that the parties and the department have reasonable access to the employee's medical records and medical providers that are pertinent to and necessary for the swift resolution of the employee's workers' compensation claim. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, there shall be no implied covenant of confidentiality, prohibition against ex parte communications or privacy of medical records in the custody of authorized treating physicians with respect to case managers, employers, or insurance companies, or their attorneys, if these persons comply with subdivision (a)(2)(C); provided, however, that the employee, or the employee's attorney, shall be provided copies, no later than ten (10) days in advance of a deposition of the authorized treating physician taken for any purpose or the appearance of the authorized treating physician for testimony, of any and all written memorandum or visual or recorded materials, including e-mails or other written materials:   Provided to the employee's authorized treating physician by case managers, employers, insurance companies, or their attorneys; or   Received from the employee's authorized treating physician.     For purposes of subdivision (a)(2)(C), “employer” means the employer, the employer's attorney, the employer's insurance carrier or third party administrator, a case manager as authorized by § 50-6-123, or any utilization review agent as authorized by § 50-6-124 during the employee's treatment for the claimed workers' compensation injury.   To facilitate the timely resolution of workers' compensation claims and to facilitate the use of the benefit review process established by this chapter, there shall be reasonable access to any employee's medical information only by compliance with the following:  THIS MEDICAL AUTHORIZATION FORM ONLY PERMITS THE EMPLOYER OR THE DIVISION OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION TO OBTAIN MEDICAL INFORMATION THROUGH ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, CHARTS, FILES, RECORDS, AND REPORTS IN THE POSSESSION OF A MEDICAL PROVIDER AUTHORIZED BY THE EMPLOYER PURSUANT TO T.C.A. § 50-6-204 AND A MEDICAL PROVIDER THAT IS REIMBURSED BY THE EMPLOYER FOR THE EMPLOYEE'S TREATMENT;    An employee claiming workers' compensation benefits shall provide the employer or the division of workers' compensation with a signed, written medical authorization form as prescribed by the commissioner; provided, the form shall:  Be addressed to a specific medical provider authorized by the employer pursuant to this section;   Permit the release of information through communication, either orally or in writing, as authorized under this subdivision (a)(2)(C); and   Plainly state in capitalized lettering on the face of the document the following language:     An employee claiming workers' compensation benefits, or the employee's attorney, shall be entitled to obtain medical information, records, opinions, or reports from, or communicate in writing or in person with, any medical provider who has treated or provided medical care to the employee; provided, that the employee executes and provides the medical provider with a properly completed form as described in subdivision (a)(2)(C)(i).   Any medical provider authorized by the employer pursuant to this section and who has treated or provided medical care to an employee claiming workers' compensation benefits is permitted to communicate, orally or in writing, with the employer, or the employer's attorney, and shall honor any request by the employer for medical information, medical records, professional opinions, or medical reports pertaining to the claimed workers' compensation injury. Oral communication may be utilized, and includes, but is not limited to, a telephone conversation or an in-person meeting.   If an employee or employer files a request for assistance with the department, requesting the department to make a determination as to whether the claim is compensable or concerning an issue related to medical benefits or temporary disability benefits, the department may request, orally or in writing, medical information, records, opinions, or reports from the medical provider; provided, that:  Any response by the medical provider to the department's request shall be in writing; and   If the department receives documents or written responses to any request for information pursuant to this subdivision (a)(2)(C)(iv), then the department shall notify the employee, the employer and any attorney representing the employee or employer within fourteen (14) days of receipt of the document or written response that such persons may review or copy the documents or responses; provided, that the requesting party shall pay the copying fee authorized by subdivision (a)(1)(B) prior to the department providing the requested copies; and     If the department becomes involved in the appeal of a utilization review issue, then the department is authorized to communicate with the medical provider involved in the dispute either orally or in writing to permit the timely resolution of the issue and shall notify the employee, employer or any attorney representing the employee or employer that they may review or copy the documents or responses; provided, that the requesting party shall pay the copying fee authorized by subdivision (a)(1)(B) prior to the department providing the requested copies.     No relevant information developed in connection with authorized medical treatment or an examination provided pursuant to this section for which compensation is sought by the employee shall be considered a privileged communication, and no medical provider shall incur any liability as a result of providing medical information, records, opinions, or reports as described in subdivision (a)(2)(C); provided, that the medical provider complies with subdivision (a)(2)(C).     Whenever it appears that the amount of medical benefits to which the employee may be entitled under this section will exceed the amount of five thousand dollars ($5,000), the insurer shall file written notice with the division of workers' compensation, which shall, upon receipt of the notice, notify the employer that the claim for medical benefits for the employee will exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000).    The injured employee shall accept the medical benefits afforded under this section; provided, that, except as provided in subdivision (a)(4)(B) or (a)(4)(C), the employer shall designate a group of three (3) or more reputable physicians or surgeons not associated together in practice, if available in that community, from which the injured employee shall have the privilege of selecting the operating surgeon and the attending physician; and provided, further, that the liability of the employer for the services rendered the employee shall be limited to the charges that are established in the applicable medical fee schedule adopted pursuant to this section.   If the injury is a back injury, then the group of three (3) or more physicians or surgeons required to be designated pursuant to subdivision (a)(4)(A) shall be expanded to four (4), one (1) of whom must be a doctor of chiropractic; provided, that no more than twelve (12) visits to the doctor of chiropractic shall be approved per back injury, except upon the approval of the employer. The provisions of this subdivision (a)(4)(B) shall not apply to state or local government employees and shall not apply to workers' compensation self-insurer pools established pursuant to § 50-6-405(c)(1).   If the injury or illness requires the treatment of a physician or surgeon who practices orthopedic or neuroscience medicine, then the employer may appoint a panel of physicians or surgeons practicing orthopedic or neuroscience medicine required to be designated pursuant to subdivision (a)(4)(A) consisting of five (5) physicians, with no more than four (4) physicians affiliated in practice.   In circumstances where an employee is offered a treating panel as described in subdivision (a)(4)(C), the injured employee shall be entitled to have a second opinion on the issue of surgery, impairment, and a diagnosis from that same panel of physicians selected by the employer.   The employer shall provide the applicable panel of physicians to the employee in writing on a form prescribed by the division, and the employee shall document in writing the physician the employee has selected and the employee shall sign and date the prescribed form. The employer shall provide a copy of the completed form to the employee and shall maintain a copy of the completed form in the records of the employer and shall produce a copy of the completed form upon request by the division.     All cases of dispute as to the value of the services shall be determined by the tribunal having jurisdiction of the claim of the injured employee for compensation. The tribunal may also deny payment of physicians' fees and hospital charges for failure to submit the reports as required in this section.    When an injured worker is required by the worker's employer to travel to an authorized medical provider or facility located outside a radius of fifteen (15) miles from the insured worker's residence or workplace, then, upon request, the employee shall be reimbursed for reasonable travel expenses. The injured employee's travel reimbursement shall be calculated based on a per mile reimbursement rate, as defined in subdivision (a)(6)(B), times the total round trip mileage as measured from the employee's residence or workplace to the location of the medical provider's facility. The definition of community as contemplated by this subdivision (a)(6)(A) shall apply only for the purposes of this section.   The per mile reimbursement rate for the injured employee shall be no less than the mileage allowance authorized for state employees who have been authorized to use personally owned vehicles in the performance of their duties. This minimum per mile reimbursement rate shall be based on the last published comprehensive travel regulations promulgated by the department of finance and administration.        Where the nature of the injury or occupational disease, as defined in § 50-6-102, is such that it does not disable the employee but reasonably requires medical, surgical, psychological or dental treatment or care, medicine, surgery, dental and psychological treatment, medicine, medical and surgical supplies, crutches, artificial members, and other apparatus shall be furnished by the employer.   In addition to any attorney fees provided for pursuant to § 50-6-226, a court may award attorney fees and reasonable costs to include reasonable and necessary court reporter expenses and expert witness fees for depositions and trials incurred when the employer fails to furnish appropriate medical, surgical and dental treatment or care, medicine, medical and surgical supplies, crutches, artificial members and other apparatus to an employee provided for pursuant to a settlement or judgment under this chapter.     In case death results from the injury or occupational disease, as defined in § 50-6-102, the employer shall, in addition to the medical services, etc., referred to in subsections (a) and (b), pay the burial expenses of the deceased employee, not exceeding seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500). If the deceased employee leaves no dependents entitled to compensation under this chapter, the employer shall pay to the employee's estate the additional benefits provided in § 50-6-209(b)(2) and (3), and shall also be liable for the medical and hospital services and burial expenses provided for in this section.    The injured employee must submit to examination by the employer's physician at all reasonable times if requested to do so by the employer, but the employee shall have the right to have the employee's own physician present at the examination, in which case the employee shall be liable to the employee's physician for that physician's services.   Any medical report submitted to the employer based upon the examination, or a true copy of the report, shall be furnished by the employer to the employee upon request; provided, that the employer may, in the employer's discretion, furnish the report to the attorney for the employee or to a member of the employee's family.    To provide uniformity and fairness for all parties in determining the degree of anatomical impairment sustained by the employee, a physician, chiropractor or medical practitioner who is permitted to give expert testimony in a Tennessee court of law and who has provided medical treatment to an employee or who has examined or evaluated an employee seeking workers' compensation benefits shall utilize the applicable edition of the AMA Guides as established in § 50-6-102 or, in cases not covered by the AMA Guides, an impairment rating by any appropriate method used and accepted by the medical community.   No anatomical impairment or impairment rating, whether contained in a medical record, medical report, including a medical report pursuant to § 50-6-235(c), deposition or oral expert opinion testimony shall be accepted during a benefit review conference or be admissible into evidence at the trial of a workers' compensation matter unless the impairment is based on the applicable edition of the AMA Guides or, in cases not covered by the AMA Guides, an impairment rating by any appropriate method used and accepted by the medical community.   In the event of a release of a new edition of the American Medical Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, American Medical Association, other than the edition designated in § 50-6-102(2), the commissioner shall, within six (6) months of the release of the new edition, conduct an evaluation of the new edition and report the commissioner's findings and recommendations to the general assembly. The AMA guides, as defined in § 50-6-102, shall remain in effect until a new edition is designated by the general assembly.     The employer shall pay for the services of the physician making the examination at the instance of the employer.   When a dispute as to the degree of medical impairment exists, either party may request an independent medical examiner from the commissioner's registry. If the parties are unable to mutually agree on the selection of an independent medical examiner from the commissioner's registry, it shall be the responsibility of the employer to provide a written request to the commissioner for assignment of an independent medical examiner with a copy of the notice provided to the other party. Upon receipt of the written request, the commissioner shall provide the names of three (3) independent medical examiners chosen at random from the registry. No physician may serve as an independent medical examiner in a case and serve on any panel of providers selected under this section for the employer involved in such case. The commissioner shall immediately notify the parties by facsimile or e-mail when the list of independent medical examiners has been assigned to a matter, but in any event the notification shall be made within five (5) business days of the date of the request. The employer may strike one (1) name from the list, with the rejection made and communicated to the other party by facsimile or e-mail no later than the third business day after the date on which notification of the list is provided. The employee shall select a physician to perform the independent medical examination from the remaining physicians on the list. All costs and fees for an independent medical examination and report made pursuant to this subdivision (d)(5) shall be paid by the employer. The written opinion as to the permanent impairment rating given by the independent medical examiner pursuant to this subdivision (d)(5) shall be presumed to be the accurate impairment rating; provided, however, that this presumption may be rebutted by clear and convincing evidence to the contrary.   The commissioner shall establish by rule, in accordance with the provisions of the Uniform Administrative Procedures Act, compiled title 4, chapter 5, an independent medical examiners registry. The commissioner shall establish qualifications for the independent medical examiners, including continuing education and peer review requirements, with the advice of the Tennessee Medical Association and the advisory council on workers' compensation, established by § 50-6-121. The rules established shall include, but not be limited to, qualifications and procedures for submission of an application for inclusion on the registry, procedures for the review and maintenance of the registry, and procedures for assignment that ensures that the composition of the panels is random.   Whenever the nature of the injury is such that specialized medical attention is required or indicated and the specialized medical attention is not available in the community in which the injured employee resides, the injured employee can be required to go, at the request of and at the expense of the employer, to the nearest location at which the specialized medical attention is available.   If the injured employee refuses to comply with any reasonable request for examination or to accept the medical or specialized medical services that the employer is required to furnish under this chapter, the injured employee's right to compensation shall be suspended and no compensation shall be due and payable while the injured employee continues to refuse.   For accidents or injuries occurring on or after July 1, 2005, in case of a dispute as to the injury, other than disputes as to the degree of medical impairment, the court may, at the instance of either party or on its own motion, appoint a neutral physician of good standing and ability to make an examination of the injured person and report the physician's findings to the court, the expense of which examination shall be borne equally by the parties.     In all death claims where the cause of death is obscure or is disputed, any interested party may require an autopsy, the cost of which is to be borne by the party demanding the autopsy.   Any physician whose services are furnished or paid for by the employer and who treats or makes or is present at any examination of an injured employee may be required to testify as to any knowledge acquired by the physician in the course of the treatment or examination as the treatment or examination relates to the injury or disability arising therefrom.    If an emergency, or on account of the employer's failure or refusal to provide the medical care and services required by this law, the injured employee or the injured employee's dependents may provide the medical care and services, and the cost of the medical care and services, not exceeding three hundred dollars ($300), shall be borne by the employer; provided, that the pecuniary liability of the employer shall be limited to the charges for the service that prevail in the community where the services are rendered.    If an employer denies it is required to provide or refuses to provide medical care and treatment, medical services or medical benefits, or both, that an employee contends should be provided as a result of a judgment or decree entered by a court following a workers' compensation trial or as a result of a workers' compensation settlement agreement approved by a court or by the commissioner or the commissioner's designee pursuant to § 50-6-206, either the employee or the employer, or the attorney for the employee or employer, may request the assistance of a workers' compensation specialist to determine whether such medical care and treatment, medical services or medical benefits, or both, are appropriate by filing with the division a form prescribed for that purpose by the commissioner.   A workers' compensation specialist shall have the authority to determine whether it is appropriate to order the employer or the employer's insurer to provide specific medical care and treatment, medical services or medical benefits, or both, to the employee pursuant to a judgment or decree entered by a court following a workers' compensation trial or pursuant to a workers' compensation settlement agreement approved by a court or by the commissioner or the commissioner's designee pursuant to § 50-6-206. The specialist's authority shall include, but is not limited to, the authority to order specific medical care and treatment, medical services or medical benefits, or both, and any authority granted to a specialist by § 50-6-238(a)(3). The specialist's authority shall also include any authority granted to a court by subdivision (b)(2), to award attorney fees and reasonable costs that include reasonable and necessary court reporter expenses and expert witness fees for depositions.   Upon receipt of the request for assistance, the specialist shall review the available information and then, after such review, enter an order, on a form prescribed by the commissioner, in accord with the following:   If the employer, or the employer's insurer, agrees it will provide medical care and treatment, medical services or medical benefits, or both, requested by the employee, the specialist shall issue an agreed order specifying the medical care and treatment to be provided by the employer and if the employer fails to comply with the agreed order, the specialist shall enter an order directing the employer or the employer's insurer to provide specific medical care and treatment; and   If the employer does not agree to provide the medical care and treatment at issue, the specialist shall enter an order as to whether the employer shall provide medical care and treatment, medical services or medical benefits, or both, to the employee, and if so, the specific medical care and treatment, medical services or medical benefits, or both, that shall be provided to the employee.     If either the employee or the employer disagrees with the order entered by the specialist pursuant to subdivision (g)(2)(C)(ii), the following shall apply:   If the request for assistance involved a request for medical care or treatment pursuant to a court judgment or decree following a trial of the underlying workers' compensation claim, then either the employer or the employee may appeal the specialist's order to the original court that issued the judgment or decree. The parties shall attach a copy of the specialist's order to any request for review that is filed in the original court; however, any review by the original court shall be de novo; and   If the request for assistance involved a request for medical care and treatment pursuant to a settlement approved by a court of competent jurisdiction or by the commissioner or the commissioner's designee pursuant to § 50-6-206, and either the employee or the employer disagrees with the order of the specialist, the aggrieved party may request administrative review pursuant to § 50-6-238(d) and all provisions of § 50-6-238(d) shall apply to the request. If administrative review is not requested, the order of the specialist shall be considered a final order for administrative purposes. If administrative review is requested, the order of the administrator or administrator's designee shall be considered a final order for administrative purposes, if not otherwise stated in the order.         All psychological or psychiatric services available under subdivisions (a)(1) and (b)(1) shall be rendered only by psychologists or psychiatrists and shall be limited to those ordered upon the referral of physicians authorized under subdivision (a)(4).    The commissioner, in consultation with the medical care and cost containment committee and the advisory council on workers' compensation, is authorized to establish by rule, in accordance with the Uniform Administrative Procedures Act, compiled in title 4, chapter 5, a comprehensive medical fee schedule and a related system that includes, but is not limited to, procedures for review of charges, enforcement procedures and appeal hearings to implement the fee schedule. In developing the rules, the commissioner shall strive to assure the delivery of quality medical care in workers' compensation cases and access by injured workers to primary and specialist care while controlling prices and system costs. The medical care fee schedule shall be comprehensive in scope and shall address fees of physicians and surgeons, hospitals, prescription drugs, and ancillary services provided by other health care facilities and providers. The commissioner may consider any and all reimbursement systems and methodologies in developing the fee schedule, except that, in no event shall the fee schedule set forth differing rates for reimbursement or conversion factors for reimbursement of physical or occupational therapy services based or dependent on whether the services are performed in independently-owned facilities or physician-affiliated facilities, and shall not otherwise consider the physician ownership in the facility providing services. However, differing reimbursement rates may be implemented by the commissioner upon the department's presentation of state data demonstrating there is a need for differing reimbursement rates for physical/occupational therapy services and upon the department's holding a public hearing on the issue.   The commissioner is authorized to retain experts to assist in the development of the fee schedule and related system in accordance with the contracting rules of the department of finance and administration.   The commissioner, in consultation with the medical care and cost containment committee and the advisory council on workers' compensation, shall review the fee schedules adopted pursuant to this section on an annual basis and when appropriate the commissioner shall revise the fee schedules as necessary. It is the intent of the general assembly that this annual review consider, among other factors, the medical consumer price index.    The comprehensive medical fee schedule adopted pursuant to this subsection (i) is not intended to prohibit an employer, trust or pool, or insurer from negotiating lower fees in its own medical fee agreements.   [Deleted by 2010 amendment.]   [Deleted by 2010 amendment.]   [Deleted by 2010 amendment.]        If a treating physician determines that pain is persisting for an injured or disabled employee beyond an expected period for healing, the treating physician may either prescribe, if the physician is a qualified physician as defined in subdivision (j)(2)(B), or refer, such injured or disabled employee for pain management encompassing pharmacological, nonpharmacological and other approaches to manage chronic pain.    In the event that a treating physician refers an injured or disabled employee for pain management, the employee is entitled to a panel of qualified physicians as provided in subdivision (a)(4) except that, in light of the variation in availability of qualified pain management resources across the state, if the office of each qualified physician listed on the panel is located not more than one hundred seventy-five (175) miles from the injured or disabled employee's residence or place of employment, then the community requirement of subdivision (a)(4) shall not apply for the purposes of pain management.   For the purposes of the panel required by subdivision (j)(2)(A), “qualified physician” means an individual licensed to practice medicine or osteopathy in this state and:   Board certified in anesthesiology, neurological surgery, orthopedic surgery, radiology or physical medicine and rehabilitation through the:  American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS);   American Osteopathic Association (AOA); or   Another organization authorized by the commissioner;     Board certified by an organization listed in subdivision (j)(2)(B)(i)(a )-(c ) in a specialty other than a specialty listed in subdivision (j)(2)(B)(i) and who has completed an ABMS or AOA subspecialty board in pain medicine, or completed an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGMA) accredited pain fellowship; or   Serving as a clinical instructor in pain management at an accredited Tennessee medical training program.       The injured or disabled employee is not entitled to a second opinion on the issue of impairment, diagnosis or prescribed treatment relating to pain management. However, on no more than one (1) occasion, if the injured or disabled employee submits a request in writing to the employer stating that the prescribed pain management fails to meet medically accepted standards, then the employer shall initiate and participate in utilization review as provided in this chapter for the limited purpose of determining whether the prescribed pain management meets medically accepted standards.    As a condition of receiving pain management that requires prescribing Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substances, the injured or disabled employee may sign a formal written agreement with the physician prescribing the Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substances acknowledging the conditions under which the injured or disabled employee may continue to be prescribed Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substances and agreeing to comply with such conditions.   If the injured or disabled employee violates any of the conditions of the agreement on more than one (1) occasion, then:   The employee's right to pain management through the prescription of Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substances under this chapter shall be terminated and the injured or disabled employee shall no longer be entitled under this chapter to the prescription of such substances for the management of pain;   For injuries occurring on or after July 1, 2012, the violation shall be deemed to be misconduct connected with the employee's employment for purposes of § 50-6-241(d); and   For injuries occurring on or after July 1, 2012, in the event such violation occurs prior to a finding that the injured or disabled employee is totally disabled as provided in § 50-6-207(4), through either a judgment or decree entered by a court following a workers' compensation trial or a settlement agreement approved pursuant to § 50-6-206, the incapacity to work due to lack of pain management shall not be considered when determining whether the injured employee is entitled to permanent total disability benefits as provided in § 50-6-207(4).     A physician may disclose the employee's violation of the formal written agreement on the physician's own initiative. Upon request of the employer, a physician shall disclose the employee's violation of the formal written agreement as provided in this section.   The formal written agreement shall include a notice to the employee in capitalized, conspicuous lettering on the face of the agreement the consequences for violating the terms of the agreement as provided for in this subsection (j).     If an employer terminates an injured or disabled employee's right under this chapter to pain management through the prescription of Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substances pursuant to alleged violations of the formal agreement as provided in subdivision (j)(4)(B), then the employee may either file a:  Request for assistance pursuant to § 50-6-238, if the benefit review conference requirement has not been exhausted, and a workers' compensation specialist shall determine whether such violations occurred; or   Petition in a court of proper jurisdiction as provided in § 50-6-225, if the benefit review conference requirement has been exhausted, for a determination of whether such violations occurred.     If an employer or insurer alleges that an injured or disabled employee is not entitled to reconsideration under § 50-6-241(d) or permanent total disability benefits as provided in § 50-6-207(4) because of the employee’s alleged violations of the formal agreement as provided in subdivision (j)(4)(B), then a court shall also determine whether such violations occurred.       Prescribing one (1) or more Schedule II, III, or IV controlled substances for pain management treatment of an injured or disabled employee for a period of time exceeding ninety (90) days from the initial prescription of any such controlled substances is considered to be medical care services for the purposes of utilization review as provided in this chapter. The department is authorized to impose a fee for the administration of an appeal process for utilization review under this subdivision (j)(5) and subdivision (j)(3).