reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Penal Code § 422.75 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.75.

422.75.  (a) Except in the case of a person punished under Section 422.7, a person who commits a felony that is a hate crime or attempts to commit a felony that is a hate crime, shall receive an additional term of one, two, or three years in the state prison, at the court’s discretion.(b) Except in the case of a person punished under Section 422.7 or subdivision (a) of this section, any person who commits a felony that is a hate crime, or attempts to commit a felony that is a hate crime, and who voluntarily acted in concert with another person, either personally or by aiding and abetting another person, shall receive an additional two, three, or four years in the state prison, at the court’s discretion.(c) For the purpose of imposing an additional term under subdivision (a) or (b), it shall be a factor in aggravation that the defendant personally used a firearm in the commission of the offense. Nothing in this subdivision shall preclude a court from also imposing a sentence enhancement pursuant to Section 12022.5, 12022.53, or 12022.55, or any other law.(d) A person who is punished pursuant to this section also shall receive an additional term of one year in the state prison for each prior felony conviction on charges brought and tried separately in which it was found by the trier of fact or admitted by the defendant that the crime was a hate crime. This additional term shall only apply where a sentence enhancement is not imposed pursuant to Section 667 or 667.5.(e) Any additional term authorized by this section shall not be imposed unless the allegation is charged in the accusatory pleading and admitted by the defendant or found to be true by the trier of fact.(f) Any additional term imposed pursuant to this section shall be in addition to any other punishment provided by law.(g) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the court may strike any additional term imposed by this section if the court determines that there are mitigating circumstances and states on the record the reasons for striking the additional punishment.(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 10. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.76 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.76.

422.76.  Except where the court imposes additional punishment under Section 422.75 or in a case in which the person has been convicted of an offense subject to Section 1170.8, the fact that a person committed a felony or attempted to commit a felony that is a hate crime shall be considered a circumstance in aggravation of the crime in imposing a term under subdivision (b) of Section 1170.(Added by renumbering Section 1170.75 by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.77 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.77.

422.77.  (a) Any willful and knowing violation of any order issued pursuant to subdivision (b) or (c) of Section 52.1 of the Civil Code shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than six months, or by both the fine and imprisonment.(b) A person who has previously been convicted one or more times of violating an order issued pursuant to subdivision (b) or (c) of Section 52.1 of the Civil Code upon charges separately brought and tried shall be imprisoned in the county jail for not more than one year. Subject to the discretion of the court, the prosecution shall have the opportunity to present witnesses and relevant evidence at the time of the sentencing of a defendant pursuant to this subdivision.(c) The prosecuting agency of each county shall have the primary responsibility for the enforcement of orders issued pursuant to Section 52.1 of the Civil Code.(d) The court may order a defendant who is convicted of a hate crime to perform a minimum of community service, not to exceed 400 hours, to be performed over a period not to exceed 350 days, during a time other than their hours of employment or school attendance.(Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 434, Sec. 3. (SB 827) Effective January 1, 2022.)
CA Penal Code § 422.78 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.78.

422.78.  The prosecuting agency of each county shall have the primary responsibility for the enforcement of orders issued pursuant to this title or Section 52.1 of the Civil Code.(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 13. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.8.

422.8.  Except as otherwise required by law, nothing in this title shall be construed to prevent or limit the prosecution of any person pursuant to any provision of law.(Amended by Stats. 1991, Ch. 839, Sec. 4.)
CA Penal Code § 422.85 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.85.

422.85.  (a) In the case of any person who is convicted of any offense against the person or property of another individual, private institution, or public agency, committed because of the victim’s actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, nationality, country of origin, ancestry, disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation, including, but not limited to, offenses defined in Section 302, 423.2, 594.3, 11411, 11412, or 11413, or for any hate crime, the court, absent compelling circumstances stated on the record, shall make an order protecting the victim, or known immediate family or domestic partner of the victim, from further acts of violence, threats, stalking, or harassment by the defendant, including any stay-away conditions the court deems appropriate, and shall make obedience of that order a condition of the defendant’s probation. In these cases the court may also order that the defendant be required to do one or more of the following as a condition of probation:(1) Complete a class or program on racial or ethnic sensitivity, or other similar training in the area of civil rights, or a one-year counseling program intended to reduce the tendency toward violent and antisocial behavior if that class, program, or training is available and was developed or authorized by the court or local agencies in cooperation with organizations serving the affected community.(2) Make payments or other compensation to a community-based program or local agency that provides services to victims of hate violence.(3) Reimburse the victim for reasonable costs of counseling and other reasonable expenses that the court finds are the direct result of the defendant’s acts.(b) Any payments or other compensation ordered under this section shall be in addition to restitution payments required under Section 1203.04, and shall be made only after that restitution is paid in full.(Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 719, Sec. 32. (AB 887) Effective January 1, 2012.)
CA Penal Code § 422.86 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.86.

422.86.  (a) It is the public policy of this state that the principal goals of sentencing for hate crimes, are the following:(1) Punishment for the hate crimes committed.(2) Crime and violence prevention, including prevention of recidivism and prevention of crimes and violence in prisons and jails.(3) Restorative justice for the immediate victims of the hate crimes and for the classes of persons terrorized by the hate crimes.(b) The Judicial Council shall develop a rule of court guiding hate crime sentencing to implement the policy in subdivision (a). In developing the rule of court, the council shall consult experts including organizations representing hate crime victims.(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 14. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.865 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 2 - Crimes and Penalties|Section 422.865.

422.865.  (a) In the case of any person who is committed to a state hospital or other treatment facility under the provisions of Section 1026 for any offense against the person or property of another individual, private institution, or public agency because of the victim’s actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, nationality, country of origin, ancestry, disability, gender, or sexual orientation, including, but not limited to, offenses defined in Section 302, 423.2, 594.3, 11411, 11412, or 11413, or for any hate crime, and then is either placed on outpatient status or conditional release from the state hospital or other treatment facility, the court or community program director may order that the defendant be required as a condition of outpatient status or conditional release to complete a class or program on racial or ethnic sensitivity, or other similar training in the area of civil rights, or a one-year counseling program intended to reduce the tendency toward violent and antisocial behavior if that class, program, or training is available and was developed or authorized by the court or local agencies in cooperation with organizations serving the affected community.(b) In the case of any person who is committed to a state hospital or other treatment facility under the provisions of Section 1026 for any offense against the person or property of another individual, private institution, or public agency committed because of the victim’s actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, religion, nationality, country of origin, ancestry, disability, gender, or sexual orientation, including, but not limited to, offenses defined in Section 302, 423.2, 594.3, 11411, 11412, or 11413, or for any hate crime, and then is either placed on outpatient status or conditional release from the state hospital or other treatment facility, the court, absent compelling circumstances stated on the record, shall make an order protecting the victim, or known immediate family or domestic partner of the victim, from further acts of violence, threats, stalking, or harassment by the defendant, including any stay-away conditions as the court deems appropriate, and shall make obedience of that order a condition of the defendant’s outpatient status or conditional release.(c) It is the intent of the Legislature to encourage state agencies and treatment facilities to establish education and training programs to prevent violations of civil rights and hate crimes.(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 809, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.88 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 3 - General Provisions|Section 422.88.

422.88.  (a) The court in which a criminal proceeding stemming from a hate crime or alleged hate crime is filed shall take all actions reasonably required, including granting restraining orders, to safeguard the health, safety, or privacy of the alleged victim, or of a person who is a victim of, or at risk of becoming a victim of, a hate crime.(b) Restraining orders issued pursuant to subdivision (a) may include provisions prohibiting or restricting the photographing of a person who is a victim of, or at risk of becoming a victim of, a hate crime when reasonably required to safeguard the health, safety, or privacy of that person.(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 15. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.89 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 3 - General Provisions|Section 422.89.

422.89.  It is the intent of the Legislature to encourage counties, cities, law enforcement agencies, and school districts to establish education and training programs to prevent violations of civil rights and hate crimes and to assist victims.(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 16. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 3 - General Provisions|Section 422.9.

422.9.  All state and local agencies shall use the definition of “hate crime” set forth in subdivision (a) of Section 422.55 exclusively, except as other explicit provisions of state or federal law may require otherwise.(Repealed and added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 18. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.91 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 3 - General Provisions|Section 422.91.

422.91.  The Department of Corrections and the California Youth Authority, subject to available funding, shall do each of the following:(a) Cooperate fully and participate actively with federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies and community hate crime prevention and response networks and other anti-hate groups concerning hate crimes and gangs.(b) Strive to provide inmates with safe environments in which they are not pressured to join gangs or hate groups and do not feel a need to join them in self-defense.(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 19. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 422.92 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 3 - General Provisions|Section 422.92.

422.92.  (a) Every state and local law enforcement agency in this state shall make available a brochure on hate crimes to victims of these crimes and the public.(b) The Department of Fair Employment and Housing shall provide existing brochures, making revisions as needed, to local law enforcement agencies upon request for reproduction and distribution to victims of hate crimes and other interested parties. In carrying out these responsibilities, the department shall consult the Fair Employment and Housing Council, the Department of Justice, and the California Victim Compensation Board.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 31, Sec. 232. (SB 836) Effective June 27, 2016.)
CA Penal Code § 422.93 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11.6 - CIVIL RIGHTS|CHAPTER 3 - General Provisions|Section 422.93.

422.93.  (a) It is the public policy of this state to protect the public from crime and violence by encouraging all persons who are victims of or witnesses to crimes, or who otherwise can give evidence in a criminal investigation, to cooperate with the criminal justice system and not to penalize these persons for being victims or for cooperating with the criminal justice system.(b) Whenever an individual who is a victim of or witness to a hate crime, or who otherwise can give evidence in a hate crime investigation, is not charged with or convicted of committing any crime under state law, a peace officer may not detain the individual exclusively for any actual or suspected immigration violation or report or turn the individual over to federal immigration authorities.(Added by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 20. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 450 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 13 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY|CHAPTER 1 - Arson|Section 450.

450.  In this chapter, the following terms have the following meanings:(a) “Structure” means any building, or commercial or public tent, bridge, tunnel, or powerplant.(b) “Forest land” means any brush covered land, cut-over land, forest, grasslands, or woods.(c) “Property” means real property or personal property, other than a structure or forest land.(d) “Inhabited” means currently being used for dwelling purposes whether occupied or not. “Inhabited structure” and “inhabited property” do not include the real property on which an inhabited structure or an inhabited property is located.(e) “Maliciously” imports a wish to vex, defraud, annoy, or injure another person, or an intent to do a wrongful act, established either by proof or presumption of law.(f) “Recklessly” means a person is aware of and consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that his or her act will set fire to, burn, or cause to burn a structure, forest land, or property. The risk shall be of such nature and degree that disregard thereof constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation. A person who creates such a risk but is unaware thereof solely by reason of voluntary intoxication also acts recklessly with respect thereto.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 145.)
CA Penal Code § 451 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 13 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY|CHAPTER 1 - Arson|Section 451.

451.  A person is guilty of arson when he or she willfully and maliciously sets fire to or burns or causes to be burned or who aids, counsels, or procures the burning of, any structure, forest land, or property.(a) Arson that causes great bodily injury is a felony punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for five, seven, or nine years.(b) Arson that causes an inhabited structure or inhabited property to burn is a felony punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for three, five, or eight years.(c) Arson of a structure or forest land is a felony punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two, four, or six years.(d) Arson of property is a felony punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for 16 months, two, or three years. For purposes of this paragraph, arson of property does not include one burning or causing to be burned his or her own personal property unless there is an intent to defraud or there is injury to another person or another person’s structure, forest land, or property.(e) In the case of any person convicted of violating this section while confined in a state prison, prison road camp, prison forestry camp, or other prison camp or prison farm, or while confined in a county jail while serving a term of imprisonment for a felony or misdemeanor conviction, any sentence imposed shall be consecutive to the sentence for which the person was then confined.(Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 421, Sec. 1. Effective September 7, 1994.)
CA Penal Code § 451.1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 13 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY|CHAPTER 1 - Arson|Section 451.1.

451.1.  (a) Notwithstanding any other law, any person who is convicted of a felony violation of Section 451 shall be punished by a three-, four-, or five-year enhancement if one or more of the following circumstances is found to be true:(1) The defendant has been previously convicted of a felony violation of Section 451 or 452.(2) A firefighter, peace officer, or other emergency personnel suffered great bodily injury as a result of the offense. The additional term provided by this subdivision shall be imposed whenever applicable, including any instance in which there is a violation of subdivision (a) of Section 451.(3) The defendant proximately caused great bodily injury to more than one victim in any single violation of Section 451. The additional term provided by this subdivision shall be imposed whenever applicable, including any instance in which there is a violation of subdivision (a) of Section 451.(4) The defendant proximately caused multiple structures to burn in any single violation of Section 451.(5) The defendant committed arson as described in subdivision (a), (b), or (c) of Section 451 and the arson was caused by use of a device designed to accelerate the fire or delay ignition.(b) The additional term specified in subdivision (a) shall not be imposed unless the existence of any fact required under this section shall be alleged in the accusatory pleading and either admitted by the defendant in open court or found to be true by the trier of fact.(Added by Stats. 1994, Ch. 421, Sec. 2. Effective September 7, 1994.)
CA Penal Code § 451.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 13 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY|CHAPTER 1 - Arson|Section 451.5.

451.5.  (a) A person who willfully, maliciously, deliberately, with premeditation, and with intent to cause injury to one or more persons, or to cause damage to property under circumstances likely to produce injury to one or more persons, or to cause damage to one or more structures or inhabited dwellings, sets fire to, burns, or causes to be burned, or aids, counsels, or procures the burning of any residence, structure, forest land, or property, is guilty of aggravated arson if one or more of the following aggravating factors exists:(1) The defendant has been previously convicted of arson on one or more occasions within the past 10 years.(2) (A) The fire caused property damage and other losses in excess of eight million three hundred thousand dollars ($8,300,000).(B) In calculating the total amount of property damage and other losses under subparagraph (A), the court shall consider the cost of fire suppression. It is the intent of the Legislature that this paragraph be reviewed within five years to consider the effects of inflation on the dollar amount stated herein.(3) The fire caused damage to, or the destruction of, five or more inhabited structures.(b) A person who is convicted under subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 10 years to life.(c) A person who is sentenced under subdivision (b) shall not be eligible for release on parole until 10 calendar years have elapsed.(d) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2024, and as of that date is repealed.(Amended (as amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 481, Sec. 1) by Stats. 2018, Ch. 619, Sec. 1. (SB 896) Effective January 1, 2019. Repealed as of January 1, 2024, by its own provisions. See later operative version amended by Sec. 2 of Stats. 2018, Ch. 619)
CA Penal Code § 451.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 13 - OF CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY|CHAPTER 1 - Arson|Section 451.5.

451.5.  (a) A person who willfully, maliciously, deliberately, with premeditation, and with intent to cause injury to one or more persons, or to cause damage to property under circumstances likely to produce injury to one or more persons, or to cause damage to one or more structures or inhabited dwellings, sets fire to, burns, or causes to be burned, or aids, counsels, or procures the burning of any residence, structure, forest land, or property, is guilty of aggravated arson if either of the following aggravating factors exists:(1) The defendant has been previously convicted of arson on one or more occasions within the past 10 years.(2) The fire caused damage to, or the destruction of, five or more inhabited structures.(b) A person who is convicted under subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 10 years to life.(c) A person who is sentenced under subdivision (b) shall not be eligible for release on parole until 10 calendar years have elapsed.(d) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2024.(Amended (as added by Stats. 2014, Ch. 481, Sec. 2) by Stats. 2018, Ch. 619, Sec. 2. (SB 896) Effective January 1, 2019. Section operative January 1, 2024, by its own provisions.)