reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 59.1-501.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.1. Title

This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act.2000, cc. 101, 996.
VA Code § 59.1-501.4:1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.4:1. Consumer protection law governs

(a) In this section, "consumer protection law" means a consumer protection statute, rule, or regulation, or other state executive or legislative action that has the effect of law and any applicable judicial or administrative decisions interpreting those statutes, rules, regulations or actions.(b) Except as otherwise provided in this section, this chapter does not limit, modify or supersede a consumer protection statute, administrative rule, regulation or procedure.(c) If a consumer protection law requires a term to be conspicuous, the standard of conspicuousness under the consumer protection law applies. However, a provision in the consumer protection law requiring a term to be conspicuous does not preclude that term from being presented electronically.(d) If a consumer protection law requires a writing or a signature, a record or authentication suffices.(e) If a consumer protection law addresses assent, consent, or manifestation of assent, the standard of assent, consent, or manifestation of assent under the consumer protection law applies and may be accomplished electronically.(f) The applicability of a consumer protection law is determined by that law as it would have applied in the absence of this chapter.2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.5. Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law

(a) A provision of this chapter that is preempted by federal law is unenforceable to the extent of the preemption.(b) If a term of a contract violates a fundamental public policy, the court may refuse to enforce the contract, enforce the remainder of the contract without the impermissible term, or limit the application of the impermissible term so as to avoid a result contrary to public policy, in each case to the extent that the interest in enforcement is clearly outweighed by a public policy against enforcement of the term.(c) In a transaction in which a copy of computer information in its final form is made generally available, a term of a contract is unenforceable to the extent that the term prohibits an end-user licensee from engaging in otherwise lawful public discussion relating to the computer information. However, this subsection does not preclude enforcement of a term that establishes or enforces rights under trade secret, trademark, defamation, commercial disparagement, or other laws. This subsection does not alter the applicability of subsection (b) to any term not rendered unenforceable under this subsection.(d) This chapter does not apply to an intellectual property notice that is based solely on intellectual property rights and is not part of a contract. The effect of such a notice is determined by law other than this chapter.(e) If a law of the Commonwealth in effect on the effective date of this chapter applies to a transaction governed by this chapter, the following rules apply:(1) A requirement that a term, waiver, notice, or disclaimer be in a writing is satisfied by a record.(2) A requirement that a record, writing, or term be signed is satisfied by an authentication.(3) A requirement that a term be conspicuous, or the like, is satisfied by a term that is conspicuous under this chapter.(4) A requirement of consent or agreement to a term is satisfied by a manifestation of assent to the term in accordance with this chapter.2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, cc. 762, 763; 2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.6. Rule of construction

(a) This chapter must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies to:(1) support and facilitate the realization of the full potential of computer information transactions;(2) clarify the law governing computer information transactions;(3) enable expanding commercial practice in computer information transactions by commercial usage and agreement of the parties;(4) promote uniformity of the law with respect to the subject matter of this chapter among States that enact it; and(5) permit the continued expansion of commercial practices in the excluded transactions through custom, usage and agreement of the parties.(b) Except as otherwise provided in § 59.1-501.15, the use of mandatory language or the absence of a phrase such as "unless otherwise agreed" in a provision of this chapter does not preclude the parties from varying the effect of the provision by agreement.(c) The fact that a provision of this chapter imposes a condition for a result does not by itself mean that the absence of that condition yields a different result.(d) To be enforceable, a term need not be conspicuous, negotiated, or expressly assented or agreed to, unless this chapter expressly so requires.2000, cc. 101, 996; 2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.7 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.7. Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents

(a) A record or authentication may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form.(b) This chapter does not require that a record or authentication be generated, stored, sent, received, or otherwise processed by electronic means or in electronic form.(c) In any transaction, a person may establish requirements regarding the type of authentication or record acceptable to that person.(d) A person using an electronic agent that he has selected for making an authentication, performance, or agreement, including manifestation of assent, is bound by the operations of the electronic agent, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the agent's operations or the results of the operations.2000, cc. 101, 996.
VA Code § 59.1-501.8 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.8. Proof and effect of authentication

(a) Authentication may be proven in any manner, including a showing that a party made use of information or access that could have been available only if it engaged in conduct or operations that authenticated the record or term.(b) Compliance with a commercially reasonable attribution procedure agreed to or adopted by the parties or established by law for authenticating a record authenticates the record as a matter of law.2000, cc. 101, 996.
VA Code § 59.1-501.9 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.9. Choice of law

(a) The parties in their agreement may choose the applicable law. However, the choice is not enforceable in a consumer contract to the extent it would vary a statute, administrative rule, or regulation that may not be varied by agreement under the law of Virginia.(b) In the absence of an enforceable agreement on choice of law, the contract is governed by the law of Virginia.2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, cc. 762, 763.
VA Code § 59.1-501.10 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.10. Contractual choice of forum

(a) The parties in their agreement may choose an exclusive judicial forum unless the choice is unreasonable or unjust.(b) A judicial forum specified in an agreement is not exclusive unless the agreement expressly so provides and, in a mass-market transaction, expressly and conspicuously so provides.2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, c. 763.
VA Code § 59.1-501.11 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.11. Unconscionable contract or term

(a) If a court as a matter of law finds a contract or a term thereof to have been unconscionable at the time it was made, the court may refuse to enforce the contract, enforce the remainder of the contract without the unconscionable term, or limit the application of the unconscionable term so as to avoid an unconscionable result.(b) If a court as a matter of law finds a contract or a term thereof has been induced by unconscionable conduct or that unconscionable conduct has occurred in the collection of a claim arising from the contract, the court may grant appropriate relief.(c) If it is claimed or appears to the court that a contract or term thereof may be unconscionable, the parties must be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its commercial setting, purpose, and effect to aid the court in making the determination.2000, cc. 101, 996.
VA Code § 59.1-501.12 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.12. Manifesting assent

(a) A person manifests assent to a record or term if the person, acting with knowledge of, or after having an opportunity to review the record or term or a copy of it:(1) authenticates the record or term with intent to adopt or accept it; or(2) intentionally engages in conduct or makes statements with reason to know that the other party or its electronic agent may infer from the conduct or statement that the person assents to the record or term.(b) An electronic agent manifests assent to a record or term if, after having an opportunity to review it, the electronic agent:(1) authenticates the record or term; or(2) engages in operations that in the circumstances indicate acceptance of the record or term.(c) If this chapter or other law requires assent to a specific term, a manifestation of assent must relate specifically to the term.(d) Conduct or operations manifesting assent may be proved in any manner, including showing that a person or an electronic agent obtained or used the information or informational rights and that a procedure existed by which a person or an electronic agent must have engaged in the conduct or operations in order to do so. Proof of compliance with subsection (a) (2) is sufficient if there is conduct that assents and subsequent conduct that reaffirms assent by electronic means.(e) The effect of provisions of this section may be modified by an agreement setting out standards applicable to future transactions between the parties.(f) Providers of online services, network access, and telecommunications services, or the operators of facilities thereof, do not manifest assent to a contractual relationship simply by their provision of these services to other parties, including but not limited to transmission, routing, or providing connections, linking, caching, hosting, information location tools, or storage of materials at the request or initiation of a person other than the service provider.2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, c. 763; 2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.13:1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.13:1. Opportunity to review

(a) A person has an opportunity to review a record or term only if it is made available in a manner that ought to call it to the attention of a reasonable person and permit review.(b) An electronic agent has an opportunity to review a record or term only if it is made available in a manner that would enable a reasonably configured electronic agent to react to the record or term.(c) If a record or term is available for review only after a person becomes obligated to pay or begins its performance, the person has an opportunity to review only if he has a right to a return if he rejects the record. However, a right to a return is not required if:(1) the record proposes a modification of contract or provides particulars of performance under § 59.1-503.5; or(2) the primary performance is other than delivery or acceptance of a copy, the agreement is not a mass-market transaction, and the parties at the time of contracting had reason to know that a record or term would be presented after performance, use, or access to the information began.(d) The right to a return under this section may arise by law or by agreement.(e) The effect of this section may be modified by an agreement setting out standards applicable to future transactions between the parties.2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.14:1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.14:1. Pretransaction disclosures in Internet-type transactions

This section applies to a licensor that makes its computer information available to a licensee by electronic means from its Internet or similar electronic site. In such a case, the licensor affords an opportunity to review the terms of a standard form license, which opportunity satisfies § 59.1-501.13:1 with respect to a licensee that acquires the information from that site, if the licensor:(1) makes the standard terms of the license readily available for review by the licensee before the information is delivered or the licensee becomes obligated to pay, whichever occurs first, by:(A) displaying prominently and in close proximity to a description of the computer information, or to instructions or steps for acquiring it, the standard terms or a reference to an electronic location from which they can be readily obtained; or(B) disclosing the availability of the standard terms in a prominent place on the site from which the computer information is offered and promptly furnishing a copy of the standard terms on request before the transfer of the computer information; and(2) does not take affirmative acts to prevent printing or storage of the standard terms for archival or review purposes by the licensee.Failure to provide an opportunity to review under this section does not preclude a person from providing a person an opportunity to review by other means pursuant to § 59.1-501.13:1 or law other than this chapter.2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.15 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.15. Variation by agreement; commercial practice

(a) The effect of any provision of this chapter, including an allocation of risk or imposition of a burden, may be varied by agreement of the parties.(b) The following rules are not variable by agreement:(1) Obligations of good faith, diligence, reasonableness, and care imposed by this chapter may not be disclaimed by agreement, but the parties by agreement may determine the standards by which the performance of the obligation is to be measured if the standards are not manifestly unreasonable;(2) The limitations on enforceability imposed by unconscionability under § 59.1-501.11 and fundamental public policy under § 59.1-501.5 (b) may not be varied by agreement; and(3) Limitations on enforceability of, or agreement to, a contract, term, or right expressly stated in the sections listed in the following subsections may not be varied by agreement except to the extent provided in each section:(A) the limitations on agreed choice of law in § 59.1-501.9 (a);(B) the limitations on agreed choice of forum in § 59.1-501.10;(C) the requirements for manifesting assent in § 59.1-501.12 and opportunity for review in § 59.1-501.13:1;(D) the limitations on enforceability in § 59.1-502.1;(E) the limitations on a mass-market license in § 59.1-502.9;(F) the consumer defense arising from an electronic error in § 59.1-502.14;(G) the requirements for an enforceable term in §§ 59.1-503.3 (b), 59.1-503.7 (f), 59.1-504.6 (b) and (c), and 59.1-508.4 (a);(H) the requirements of § 59.1-503.4 (b) (2);(I) the limitations on a financier in §§ 59.1-505.7 through 59.1-505.11;(J) the restrictions on altering the period of limitations in § 59.1-508.5 (a) and (b); and(K) the limitations on self-help repossession in §§ 59.1-508.15 (b) and 59.1-508.16.2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.16 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.16. Supplemental principles; good faith; commercial practice

(a) Unless displaced by this chapter, principles of law and equity, including the merchant law and the common law of the Commonwealth relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, and other validating or invalidating cause, supplement this chapter. Among the laws supplementing and not displaced by this chapter are trade secret laws and unfair competition laws, including application of such laws as they may deal with failure to disclose defects.(b) Every contract or duty within the scope of this chapter imposes an obligation of good faith in its performance or enforcement.(c) Any usage of trade in the vocation or trade in which the parties are engaged or of which the parties are or should be aware and any course of dealing or course of performance between the parties are relevant to determining the existence or meaning of an agreement.2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.17 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.17. Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know

(a) Whether a term is conspicuous or is unenforceable under §§ 59.1-501.5 (a) or (b), 59.1-501.11, or § 59.1-502.9 (a) and whether an attribution procedure is commercially reasonable or effective under §§ 59.1-501.8, 59.1-502.12, or § 59.1-502.13 are questions to be determined by the court.(b) Whether an agreement has legal consequences is determined by this chapter.(c) Whenever this chapter requires any action to be taken within a reasonable time, what is a reasonable time for taking the action depends on the nature, purpose, and circumstances of the action. Any time that is not manifestly unreasonable may be fixed by agreement.(d) A person has reason to know a fact if the person has knowledge of the fact or, from all the facts and circumstances known to the person without investigation, the person should be aware that the fact exists.2004, c. 794.
VA Code § 59.1-501.18 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-501.18. Reserved

Reserved.
VA Code § 59.1-502.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-502.1. Formal requirements

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a contract requiring payment of a contract fee of $5,000 or more is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless:(1) the party against which enforcement is sought authenticated a record sufficient to indicate that a contract has been formed and which reasonably identifies the copy or subject matter to which the contract refers; or(2) the agreement is a license for an agreed duration of one year or less or which may be terminated at will by the party against which the contract is asserted.(b) A record is sufficient under subsection (a) even if it omits or incorrectly states a term, but the contract is not enforceable under that subsection beyond the number of copies or subject matter shown in the record.(c) A contract that does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (a) is nevertheless enforceable under that subsection if:(1) a performance was tendered or the information was made available by one party and the tender was accepted or the information accessed by the other; or(2) the party against which enforcement is sought admits in court, by pleading or by testimony or otherwise under oath, facts sufficient to indicate a contract has been made, but the agreement is not enforceable under this paragraph beyond the number of copies or the subject matter admitted.(d) Between merchants, if, within a reasonable time, a record in confirmation of the contract and sufficient against the sender is received and the party receiving it has reason to know its contents, the record satisfies subsection (a) against the party receiving it unless notice of objection to its contents is given in a record within a reasonable time after the confirming record is received.(e) An agreement that the requirements of this section need not be satisfied as to future transactions is effective if evidenced in a record authenticated by the person against which enforcement is sought.(f) A transaction within the scope of this chapter is not subject to a statute of frauds contained in another law of this Commonwealth.2000, cc. 101, 996.
VA Code § 59.1-502.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act|§ 59.1-502.2. Formation in general

(a) A contract may be formed in any manner sufficient to show agreement, including offer and acceptance or conduct of both parties or operations of electronic agents which recognize the existence of a contract.(b) If the parties so intend, an agreement sufficient to constitute a contract may be found even if the time of its making is undetermined, one or more terms are left open or to be agreed upon, the records of the parties do not otherwise establish a contract, or one party reserves the right to modify terms.(c) Even if one or more terms are left open or to be agreed upon, a contract does not fail for indefiniteness if the parties intended to make a contract and there is a reasonably certain basis for giving an appropriate remedy.(d) In the absence of conduct or performance by both parties to the contrary, a contract is not formed if there is a material disagreement about a material term, including a term concerning scope.(e) If a term is to be adopted by later agreement and the parties intend not to be bound unless the term is so adopted, a contract is not formed if the parties do not agree to the term. In that case, each party shall deliver to the other party, or with the consent of the other party destroy, all copies of information, access materials, and other materials received or made, and each party is entitled to a return with respect to any contract fee paid for which performance has not been received, has not been accepted, or has been redelivered without any benefit being retained. The parties remain bound by any contractual use term only with respect to information or copies received or made from copies received pursuant to the agreement, but the contractual use term does not apply to information or copies properly received or obtained from another source.2000, cc. 101, 996.