reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
SC Code § 36-3-108 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-108. Payable on demand or at definite time.

 (a) A promise or order is "payable on demand" if it (i) states that it is payable on demand or at sight, or otherwise indicates that it is payable at the will of the holder, or (ii) does not state any time of payment.  (b) A promise or order is "payable at a definite time" if it is payable on elapse of a definite period of time after sight or acceptance or at a fixed date or dates or at a time or times readily ascertainable at the time the promise or order is issued, subject to rights of (i) prepayment, (ii) acceleration, (iii) extension at the option of the holder, or (iv) extension to a further definite time at the option of the maker or acceptor or automatically upon or after a specified act or event.  (c) If an instrument, payable at a fixed date, is also payable upon demand made before the fixed date, the instrument is payable on demand until the fixed date and, if demand for payment is not made before that date, becomes payable at a definite time on the fixed date.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-108; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-109 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-109. Payable to bearer or order.

 (a) A promise or order is payable to bearer if it:  (1) states that it is payable to bearer or to the order of bearer or otherwise indicates that the person in possession of the promise or order is entitled to payment;  (2) does not state a payee; or  (3) states that it is payable to or to the order of cash or otherwise indicates that it is not payable to an identified person.  (b) A promise or order that is not payable to bearer is payable to order if it is payable (i) to the order of an identified person or (ii) to an identified person or order. A promise or order that is payable to order is payable to the identified person.  (c) An instrument payable to bearer may become payable to an identified person if it is specially indorsed pursuant to Section 36-3-205(a). An instrument payable to an identified person may become payable to bearer if it is indorsed in blank pursuant to Section 3-205(b).  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-109; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-110 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-110. Identification of person to whom instrument is payable.

 (a) The person to whom an instrument is initially payable is determined by the intent of the person, whether or not authorized, signing as, or in the name or behalf of, the issuer of the instrument. The instrument is payable to the person intended by the signer even if that person is identified in the instrument by a name or other identification that is not that of the intended person. If more than one person signs in the name or behalf of the issuer of an instrument and all the signers do not intend the same person as payee, the instrument is payable to any person intended by one or more of the signers.  (b) If the signature of the issuer of an instrument is made by automated means, such as a check-writing machine, the payee of the instrument is determined by the intent of the person who supplied the name or identification of the payee, whether or not authorized to do so.  (c) A person to whom an instrument is payable may be identified in any way, including by name, identifying number, office, or account number. For the purpose of determining the holder of an instrument, the following rules apply:  (1) If an instrument is payable to an account and the account is identified only by number, the instrument is payable to the person to whom the account is payable. If an instrument is payable to an account identified by number and by the name of a person, the instrument is payable to the named person, whether or not that person is the owner of the account identified by number.  (2) If an instrument is payable to:  (i) a trust, an estate, or a person described as trustee or representative of a trust or estate, the instrument is payable to the trustee, the representative, or a successor of either, whether or not the beneficiary or estate is also named;  (ii) a person described as agent or similar representative of a named or identified person, the instrument is payable to the represented person, the representative, or a successor of the representative;  (iii) a fund or organization that is not a legal entity, the instrument is payable to a representative of the members of the fund or organization; or  (iv) an office or to a person described as holding an office, the instrument is payable to the named person, the incumbent of the office, or a successor to the incumbent.  (d) If an instrument is payable to two or more persons alternatively, it is payable to any of them and may be negotiated, discharged, or enforced by any or all of them in possession of the instrument. If an instrument is payable to two or more persons not alternatively, it is payable to all of them and may be negotiated, discharged, or enforced only by all of them. If an instrument payable to two or more persons is ambiguous as to whether it is payable to the persons alternatively, the instrument is payable to the persons alternatively.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-110; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-111 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-111. Place of payment.

 Except as otherwise provided for items in Chapter 4, an instrument is payable at the place of payment stated in the instrument. If no place of payment is stated, an instrument is payable at the address of the drawee or maker stated in the instrument. If no address is stated, the place of payment is the place of business of the drawee or maker. If a drawee or maker has more than one place of business, the place of payment is any place of business of the drawee or maker chosen by the person entitled to enforce the instrument. If the drawee or maker has no place of business, the place of payment is the residence of the drawee or maker.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-111; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-112 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-112. Interest.

 (a) Unless otherwise provided in the instrument, (i) an instrument is not payable with interest, and (ii) interest on an interest-bearing instrument is payable from the date of the instrument.  (b) Interest may be stated in an instrument as a fixed or variable amount of money or it may be expressed as a fixed or variable rate or rates. The amount or rate of interest may be stated or described in the instrument in any manner and may require reference to information not contained in the instrument. If an instrument provides for interest, but the amount of interest payable cannot be ascertained from the description, interest is payable at the judgment rate in effect at the place of payment of the instrument and at the time interest first accrues.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-112; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-113 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-113. Date of instrument.

 (a) An instrument may be antedated or postdated. The date stated determines the time of payment if the instrument is payable at a fixed period after date. Except as provided in Section 36-4-401(c), an instrument payable on demand is not payable before the date of the instrument.  (b) If an instrument is undated, its date is the date of its issue or, in the case of an unissued instrument, the date it first comes into possession of a holder.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-113; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-114 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-114. Contradictory terms of instrument.

 If an instrument contains contradictory terms, typewritten terms prevail over printed terms, handwritten terms prevail over both, and words prevail over numbers.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-114; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-115 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-115. Incomplete instrument.

 (a) "Incomplete instrument" means a signed writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the contents of which show at the time of signing that it is incomplete but that the signer intended it to be completed by the addition of words or numbers.  (b) Subject to Subsection (c), if an incomplete instrument is an instrument under Section 36-3-104, it may be enforced according to its terms if it is not completed, or according to its terms as augmented by completion. If an incomplete instrument is not an instrument under Section 36-3-104, but, after completion, the requirements of Section 36-3-104 are met, the instrument may be enforced according to its terms as augmented by completion.  (c) If words or numbers are added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer, there is an alteration of the incomplete instrument under Section 36-3-407.  (d) The burden of establishing that words or numbers were added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer is on the person asserting the lack of authority.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-115; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-116 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-116. Joint and several liability; contribution.

 (a) Except as otherwise provided in the instrument, two or more persons who have the same liability on an instrument as makers, drawers, acceptors, indorsers who indorse as joint payees, or anomalous indorsers are jointly and severally liable in the capacity in which they sign.  (b) Except as provided in Section 36-3-419(f) or by agreement of the affected parties, a party having joint and several liability who pays the instrument is entitled to receive from any party having the same joint and several liability contribution in accordance with applicable law.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-116; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-117 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-117. Other agreements affecting instrument.

 Subject to applicable law regarding exclusion of proof of contemporaneous or previous agreements, the obligation of a party to an instrument to pay the instrument may be modified, supplemented, or nullified by a separate agreement of the obligor and a person entitled to enforce the instrument, if the instrument is issued or the obligation is incurred in reliance on the agreement or as part of the same transaction giving rise to the agreement. To the extent an obligation is modified, supplemented, or nullified by an agreement under this section, the agreement is a defense to the obligation.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-117; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-118 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-118. Statute of limitations.

 (a) Except as provided in Subsection (e), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay a note payable at a definite time must be commenced within six years after the due date or dates stated in the note or, if a due date is accelerated, within six years after the accelerated due date.  (b) Except as provided in Subsection (d) or (e), if demand for payment is made to the maker of a note payable on demand, an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay the note must be commenced within six years after the demand. If no demand for payment is made to the maker, an action to enforce the note is barred if neither principal nor interest on the note has been paid for a continuous period of 10 years.  (c) Except as provided in Subsection (d), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to an unaccepted draft to pay the draft must be commenced within three years after dishonor of the draft or 10 years after the date of the draft, whichever period expires first.  (d) An action to enforce the obligation of the acceptor of a certified check or the issuer of a teller's check, cashier's check, or traveler's check must be commenced within three years after demand for payment is made to the acceptor or issuer, as the case may be.  (e) An action to enforce the obligation of a party to a certificate of deposit to pay the instrument must be commenced within six years after demand for payment is made to the maker, but if the instrument states a due date and the maker is not required to pay before that date, the six-year period begins when a demand for payment is in effect and the due date has passed.  (f) An action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay an accepted draft, other than a certified check, must be commenced (i) within six years after the due date or dates stated in the draft or acceptance if the obligation of the acceptor is payable at a definite time, or (ii) within six years after the date of the acceptance if the obligation of the acceptor is payable on demand.  (g) Unless governed by other law regarding claims for indemnity or contribution, an action (i) for conversion of an instrument, for money had and received, or like action based on conversion, (ii) for breach of warranty, or (iii) to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this Article and not governed by this section must be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-118; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-119 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-119. Notice of right to defend action.

 In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to this chapter or Chapter 4, the defendant may give the third person notice of the litigation in a record, and the person notified may then give similar notice to any other person who is answerable over. If the notice states (i) that the person notified may come in and defend and (ii) that failure to do so will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving the notice as to any determination of fact common to the two litigations, the person notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the person notified does come in and defend.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-119; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-120 to 36-3-122 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-120 to 36-3-122. Omitted by 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.

 Editor's Note  Former Section 36-3-120 was entitled "Instruments 'payable through' bank" and was derived from 1962 Code Section 10.3-120; 1966 (54) 2716.  Former Section 36-3-121 was entitled "Instruments payable at bank" and was derived from 1962 Code Section 10.3-121; 1966 (54) 2716.  Former Section 36-3-122 was entitled "Accrual of cause of action" and was derived from 1962 Code Section 10.3-122; 1966 (54) 2716.
SC Code § 36-3-201 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-201. Negotiation.

 (a) "Negotiation" means a transfer of possession, whether voluntary or involuntary, of an instrument by a person other than the issuer to a person who thereby becomes its holder.  (b) Except for negotiation by a remitter, if an instrument is payable to an identified person, negotiation requires transfer of possession of the instrument and its indorsement by the holder. If an instrument is payable to bearer, it may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-201; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-202 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-202. Negotiation subject to rescission.

 (a) Negotiation is effective even if obtained (i) from an infant, a corporation exceeding its powers, or a person without capacity, (ii) by fraud, duress, or mistake, or (iii) in breach of duty or as part of an illegal transaction.  (b) To the extent permitted by other law, negotiation may be rescinded or may be subject to other remedies, but those remedies may not be asserted against a subsequent holder in due course or a person paying the instrument in good faith and without knowledge of facts that are a basis for rescission or other remedy.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-202; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-203 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-203. Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer.

 (a) An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to enforce the instrument.  (b) Transfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation, vests in the transferee any right of the transferor to enforce the instrument, including any right as a holder in due course, but the transferee cannot acquire rights of a holder in due course by a transfer, directly or indirectly, from a holder in due course if the transferee engaged in fraud or illegality affecting the instrument.  (c) Unless otherwise agreed, if an instrument is transferred for value and the transferee does not become a holder because of lack of indorsement by the transferor, the transferee has a specifically enforceable right to the unqualified indorsement of the transferor, but negotiation of the instrument does not occur until the indorsement is made.  (d) If a transferor purports to transfer less than the entire instrument, negotiation of the instrument does not occur. The transferee obtains no rights under this chapter and has only the rights of a partial assignee.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-203; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-204 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-204. Indorsement.

 (a) "Indorsement" means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on an instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii) restricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring indorser's liability on the instrument, but regardless of the intent of the signer, a signature and its accompanying words is an indorsement unless the accompanying words, terms of the instrument, place of the signature, or other circumstances unambiguously indicate that the signature was made for a purpose other than indorsement. For the purpose of determining whether a signature is made on an instrument, a paper affixed to the instrument is a part of the instrument.  (b) "Indorser" means a person who makes an indorsement.  (c) For the purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a holder, an indorsement that transfers a security interest in the instrument is effective as an unqualified indorsement of the instrument.  (d) If an instrument is payable to a holder under a name that is not the name of the holder, indorsement may be made by the holder in the name stated in the instrument or in the holder's name or both, but signature in both names may be required by a person paying or taking the instrument for value or collection.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-204; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-205 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-205. Special indorsement; blank indorsement; anomalous indorsement.

 (a) If an indorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to an identified person or payable to bearer, and the indorsement identifies a person to whom it makes the instrument payable, it is a "special indorsement." When specially indorsed, an instrument becomes payable to the identified person and may be negotiated only by the indorsement of that person. The principles stated in Section 36-3-110 apply to special indorsements.  (b) If an indorsement is made by the holder of an instrument and it is not a special indorsement, it is a "blank indorsement." When indorsed in blank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone until specially indorsed.  (c) The holder may convert a blank indorsement that consists only of a signature into a special indorsement by writing, above the signature of the indorser, words identifying the person to whom the instrument is made payable.  (d) "Anomalous indorsement" means an indorsement made by a person who is not the holder of the instrument. An anomalous indorsement does not affect the manner in which the instrument may be negotiated.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-205; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-207 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-207. Reacquisition.

 Reacquisition of an instrument occurs if it is transferred to a former holder, by negotiation or otherwise. A former holder who reacquires the instrument may cancel indorsements made after the reacquirer first became a holder of the instrument. If the cancellation causes the instrument to be payable to the reacquirer or to bearer, the reacquirer may negotiate the instrument. An indorser whose indorsement is canceled is discharged, and the discharge is effective against any subsequent holder.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-207; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.
SC Code § 36-3-208 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-208. Omitted by 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.

 Editor's Note  Former Section 36-3-208 was entitled "Reacquisition" and was derived from 1962 Code Section 10.3-208; 1966 (54) 2716.
SC Code § 36-3-301 (2021)
2021 South Carolina Code of Laws|Title 36 - Commercial Code|Chapter 3 - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments|Section 36-3-301. Person entitled to enforce instrument.

 "Person entitled to enforce" an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to Section 36-3-309 or 36-3-418(d). A person may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the instrument.  HISTORY: 1962 Code Section 10.3-301; 1966 (54) 2716; 2008 Act No. 204, Section 2, eff July 1, 2008.