GA Code § 24-8-803 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 8 - Hearsay|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 24-8-803. Hearsay Rule Exceptions; Availability of Declarant Immaterial

 The following shall not be excluded by the hearsay rule, even though the declarant is available as a witness:    Present sense impression. A statement describing or explaining an event or condition made while the declarant was perceiving the event or condition or immediately thereafter;   Excited utterance. A statement relating to a startling event or condition made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition;   Then existing mental, emotional, or physical condition. A statement of the declarant's then existing state of mind, emotion, sensation, or physical condition, such as intent, plan, motive, design, mental feeling, pain, and bodily health, but not including a statement of memory or belief to prove the fact remembered or believed unless such statements relate to the execution, revocation, identification, or terms of the declarant's will and not including a statement of belief as to the intent of another person;   Statements for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment. Statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the inception or general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment;   Recorded recollection. A memorandum or record concerning a matter about which a witness once had knowledge but now has insufficient recollection to enable the witness to testify fully and accurately shown to have been made or adopted by the witness when the matter was fresh in the witness's memory and to reflect that knowledge correctly. If admitted, the memorandum or record may be read into evidence but shall not itself be received as an exhibit unless offered by an adverse party;   Records of regularly conducted activity. Unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness and subject to the provisions of Chapter 7 of this title, a memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events, conditions, opinions, or diagnoses, if (A) made at or near the time of the described acts, events, conditions, opinions, or diagnoses; (B) made by, or from information transmitted by, a person with personal knowledge and a business duty to report; (C) kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity; and (D) it was the regular practice of that business activity to make the memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, all as shown by the testimony of the custodian or other qualified witness or by certification that complies with paragraph (11) or (12) of Code Section 24-9-902 or by any other statute permitting certification. The term "business" as used in this paragraph includes any business, institution, association, profession, occupation, and calling of every kind, whether or not conducted for profit. Public records and reports shall be admissible under paragraph (8) of this Code section and shall not be admissible under this paragraph;   Absence of entry in records kept in accordance with paragraph (6) of this Code section. Evidence that a matter is not included in the memoranda, reports, records, or data compilations, in any form, kept in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (6) of this Code section, to prove the nonoccurrence or nonexistence of the matter, if the matter was of a kind of which a memorandum, report, record, or data compilation was regularly made and preserved, unless the sources of information or other circumstances indicate lack of trustworthiness;   Public records and reports. Except as otherwise provided by law, public records, reports, statements, or data compilations, in any form, of public offices, setting forth:   The activities of the public office;   Matters observed pursuant to duty imposed by law as to which matters there was a duty to report, excluding, however, against the accused in criminal proceedings, matters observed by police officers and other law enforcement personnel in connection with an investigation; or   In civil proceedings and against the state in criminal proceedings, factual findings resulting from an investigation made pursuant to authority granted by law, unless the sources of information or other circumstances indicate lack of trustworthiness;     Records of vital statistics. Records or data compilations, in any form, of births, fetal deaths, deaths, or marriages, if the report thereof was made to a public office pursuant to requirements of law;   Absence of public record or entry. To prove the absence of a record, report, statement, or data compilation, in any form, or the nonoccurrence or nonexistence of a matter of which a record, report, statement, or data compilation, in any form, was regularly made and preserved by a public office, evidence in the form of a certification in accordance with Code Section 24-9-902, or testimony, that diligent search failed to disclose the record, report, statement, or data compilation, or entry;   Records of religious organizations. Statements of birth, marriages, divorces, deaths, legitimacy, ancestry, relationship by blood or marriage, or other similar facts of personal or family history, contained in a regularly kept record of a religious organization;   Marriage, baptismal, and similar certificates. Statements of fact contained in a certificate that the maker performed a marriage or other ceremony or administered a sacrament, made by a clergyman, public official, or other person authorized by the rules or practices of a religious organization or by law to perform the act certified and purporting to have been issued at the time of the act or within a reasonable time thereafter;   Family records. Statements of fact concerning personal or family history contained in family Bibles, genealogies, charts, engravings on rings, inscriptions on family portraits, engravings on urns, crypts, or tombstones, or the like;   Records of documents affecting an interest in property. The record of a document purporting to establish or affect an interest in property, as proof of the content of the original recorded document and its execution and delivery by each person by whom it purports to have been executed, if the record is a record of a public office and an applicable law authorizes the recording of documents of that kind in such office;   Statements in documents affecting an interest in property. A statement contained in a document purporting to establish or affect an interest in property if the matter stated was relevant to the purpose of the document, unless dealings with the property since the document was made have been inconsistent with the truth of the statement or the purport of the document;   Statements in ancient documents. Statements in a document in existence 20 years or more the authenticity of which is established;   Market reports and commercial publications. Market quotations, tabulations, lists, directories, or other published compilations generally used and relied upon by the public or by persons in the witness's particular occupation;   Learned treatises. To the extent called to the attention of an expert witness upon cross-examination, statements contained in published treatises, periodicals, or pamphlets, whether published electronically or in print, on a subject of history, medicine, or other science or art, established as a reliable authority by the testimony or admission of the witness, by other expert testimony, or by judicial notice. If admitted, the statements may be used for cross-examination of an expert witness and read into evidence but shall not be received as exhibits;   Reputation concerning personal or family history. Reputation among members of a person's family by blood, adoption, or marriage or among a person's associates or in the community concerning a person's birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, death, legitimacy, relationship by blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or other similar fact of the person's personal or family history;   Reputation concerning boundaries or general history. Reputation in a community, arising before the controversy, as to boundaries of or customs affecting lands in the community and reputation as to events of general history important to the community or state or nation in which such lands are located;   Reputation as to character. Reputation of a person's character among associates or in the community;   Judgment of previous conviction. Evidence of a final judgment, entered after a trial or upon a plea of guilty but not upon a plea of nolo contendere, adjudging a person guilty of a crime punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year to prove any fact essential to sustain the judgment, but not including, when offered by the state in a criminal prosecution for purposes other than impeachment, judgments against persons other than the accused. The pendency of an appeal may be shown but shall not affect admissibility; or   Judgment as to personal, family, or general history or boundaries. Judgments as proof of matters of personal, family, or general history or boundaries essential to the judgment, if the same would be provable by evidence of reputation.     (Code 1981, §24-8-803, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Classification of confidential and privileged materials from department and county boards of health, § 31-5-5.    Certified copies of vital records, § 31-10-26.    Acquiescence as establishing dividing line in real property, § 44-4-6.    Transmittal of copy of exempted real property to other counties and recordation, § 44-13-11.   Exceptions to the rule against hearsay - regardless of whether the declarant is available as a witness, Fed. R. Evid. 803.   Law reviews.   - For article advocating admissibility of business entries, see 14 Ga. B.J. 7 (1951). For article analyzing Georgia business entries provisions, see 4 Mercer L. Rev. 313 (1953). For article discussing exceptions to the hearsay rule and advocating elimination of the res gestae exception, see 5 Mercer L. Rev. 257 (1954). For article, "Business Entries as Evidence," see 16 Ga. B.J. 383 (1954). For article, "Decisions Under the Georgia Business Records Act of 1952," see 21 Ga. B.J. 211 (1958). For article, "Evidence from Computers," see 8 Ga. L. Rev. 562 (1974). For article, "The Demise of the Corroboration Requirement - Its History in Georgia Rape Law," see 26 Emory L.J. 805 (1977). For article, "The Admissibility of Computer-Generated Evidence in Georgia," see 18 Ga. St. B.J. 137 (1982). For article, "The Need For a Special Exception to the Hearsay Rule in Child Sexual Abuse Cases," see 21 Ga. St. B.J. 50 (1984). For article, "An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Statements to Mental Health Professionals Under the Diagnosis or Treatment Hearsay Exception," see 33 Ga. L. Rev. 353 (1999). For article, "Evidence," see 53 Mercer L. Rev. 281 (2001). For article, "State of Emergency: Why Georgia's Standard of Care in Emergency Rooms is Harmful to Your Health," see 45 Ga. L. Rev. 275 (2010). For article, "Evidence," see 27 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 1 (2011). For article, "Georgia's New Evidence Code: After the Celebration, a Serious Review of Anticipated Subjects of Litigation to be Brought on by the New Legislation," see 64 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (2012). For annual survey on evidence law, see 64 Mercer L. Rev. 137 (2012). For annual survey on insurance law, see 64 Mercer L. Rev. 151 (2012). For article, "Symposium on Evidence Reform: The Curious Case of Differing Literary Emphases: The Contrast Between the Use of Scientific Publications at Pretrial Daubert Hearings and at Trial," see 47 Ga. L. Rev. 837 (2013). For annual survey on evidence, see 65 Mercer L. Rev. 125 (2013). For annual survey of evidence law, see 67 Mercer L. Rev. 63 (2015). For article, "2014 Georgia Corporation and Business Organization Case Law Developments," see 20 Ga. St. Bar. J. 26 (April 2015). For annual survey on evidence law, see 71 Mercer L. Rev. 103 (2019). For article, "Confronting Memory Loss," see 55 Ga. L. Rev. 95 (2020). For note discussing res gestae, see 3 Ga. B.J. 69 (1940). For note, "Hypnosis in Court: A Memory Aid for Witnesses," see 1 Ga. L. Rev. 268 (1967). For comment on Knudsen v. Duffee-Freeman, Inc., 95 Ga. App. 872, 99 S.E.2d 370, 374 (1957), holding that the Georgia business records as evidence statute does not authorize the introduction into evidence of papers containing the opinion of experts or physicians when the party in whose interest the papers are offered is not allowed to examine their author, see 20 Ga. B.J. 381 (1958). For comment on Yarbrough v. Cantex Mfg. Co., 97 Ga. App. 392, 103 S.E.2d 130 (1958), see 22 Ga. B.J. 100 (1959). For comment on Smith v. Morning News, Inc., 99 Ga. App. 547, 109 S.E.2d 639 (1959), see 22 Ga. B.J. 380 (1960). For comment on Argonaut Ins. Co. v. Allen, 123 Ga. App. 741, 182 S.E.2d 508 (1971), upholding admission of psychiatric opinion based on subjective declarations of patient, see 8 Ga. St. B.J. 554 (1972).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Res Gestae; Present Sense Impression and Excited Utterance   a. Accounts   b. Agents   c. Assignments   d. Bystanders   e. Children   f. Criminal Law - Defendants   g. Criminal Law - Investigating Officers   h. Criminal Law - Other Crimes   i. Criminal Law - Victims   j. Donors   k. Employees   l. Opinions   m. Personal Injuries   n. Principal and Surety   o. Sales   p. Transcripts   q. Wills   Statements for Medical Diagnosis/Treatment   Business Records   a. Foundation for Admission   b. Weight and Credibility   c. Objections   Recorded Recollections   Public Records and Reports   Interest in Property   Ancient Documents   Ancient Boundaries and Landmarks   Proof of Pedigree    OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the provisions, opinions under Ga. L. 1952, p. 177, §§ 1, 2, 3 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Computer printout sheets.   - Although computer printout sheets are generally classified as hearsay, and to be admissible into evidence the sheets must fall within an exception to the well-known hearsay rule, subject to the discretion of the court, computer printout sheets or records stored in an electronic computer may be admissible into evidence when such are permanent records made in the regular course of business. 1973 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 73-91 (decided under Ga. L. 1952, p. 177, §§ 1, 2, 3).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18 Am. Jur. 2d, Coroners or Medical Examiners, § 13 et seq. 23 Am. Jur. 2d, Deeds, § 166. 29A Am. Jur. 2d, Evidence, §§ 154, 694, 874, 881, 1099, 1195 et seq. 42 Am. Jur. 2d, Inspection Laws, § 11. 81 Am. Jur. 2d, Witnesses, § 742.   Admissibility of Computerized Business Records, 14 POF2d 173.   Foundation for Offering Business Records in Evidence, 34 POF2d 509.   Routine Business Practice, 35 POF2d 589.   Recovery and Reconstruction of Electronic Mail as Evidence, 41 POF3d 1.   Establishing A Foundation to Admit Computer-Generated Evidence as Demonstrative or Substantive Evidence, 57 POF3d 455.   C.J.S.   - 26A C.J.S., Deeds, §§ 507, 529. 31A C.J.S., Evidence, §§ 299, 310, 311, 332 et seq., 342, 345, 346, 349, 371, 548 et seq. 32 C.J.S., Evidence, §§ 885, 886, 916 et seq., 924, 939 et seq., 967, 971 et seq. 32A C.J.S., Evidence, §§ 978 et seq., 1029 et seq., 1072 et seq., 1296.   ALR.    - Death certificate as evidence, 17 A.L.R. 359; 42 A.L.R. 1454; 96 A.L.R. 324.    Effect of filing affidavit of forgery against ancient deed, 18 A.L.R. 908.    Character and sufficiency of evidence to show that letter was mailed, 25 A.L.R. 9; 86 A.L.R. 541.    Entries in family Bible as evidence, 29 A.L.R. 372.    Dispensing with proof of proper custody as condition of admission of ancient document, 29 A.L.R. 630.    Illness after partaking of food or drink as evidence of negligence on part of one who prepared or sold it, 49 A.L.R. 592.    Parol evidence as applied to escrow agreements, 49 A.L.R. 1529.    Requirement of "positive" proof of death of insured as excluding circumstantial evidence, 60 A.L.R. 592.    Extrajudicial admissions by principal as evidence against surety, 60 A.L.R. 1500.    Necessity and manner of authenticating paper purporting to be act of private corporation, 65 A.L.R. 329.    Validity, construction, and effect of statutory provision to effect that corporate stock book shall be evidence, 65 A.L.R. 758.    Admissibility of opinion of medical expert as affected by his having heard the person in question give the history of his case, 65 A.L.R. 1217; 51 A.L.R.2d 1051.    Use of memorandum by witness to refresh recollection as affected by the time when it was made, 65 A.L.R. 1478; 125 A.L.R. 19.    Admissibility of declarations by one involved in an accident in relation to his employment by or agency for other person, 67 A.L.R. 170; 150 A.L.R. 623.    Forgery as affecting registration under Torrens Act, 68 A.L.R. 357.    Admissibility of telephone conversations in evidence, 71 A.L.R. 5; 105 A.L.R. 326.    Admissibility of hospital chart or other hospital record, 75 A.L.R. 378; 120 A.L.R. 1124.    Admissibility of declarations of testator on issue of undue influence, 79 A.L.R. 1447; 148 A.L.R. 1225.    Admissibility of declarations by testator on issue of revocation of will, 79 A.L.R. 1493; 172 A.L.R. 354.    Admissibility of statements or declarations of plaintiff's spouse in an action for alienation of affections for the purpose of showing his or her mental state, 82 A.L.R. 825.    Admissibility of loose-leaf systems of accounts, 83 A.L.R. 806.    Admissibility of dying declarations in cases other than prosecution for homicide, 91 A.L.R. 560.    Admissibility in favor of beneficiary of life or accident insurance of statements or declarations made by insured outside of his application, 93 A.L.R. 413.    Admissibility and weight of evidence of defendant's attempt to secure release by bribing officer, 93 A.L.R. 810.    Admissibility of memoranda made by one since deceased regarding matters in respect of which he acted for one of the parties to the present litigation, 103 A.L.R. 1501.    Privilege against self-incrimination as justification for refusal to comply with order or subpoena requiring production of books or documents of private corporation, 120 A.L.R. 1102.    Refreshment of recollection by use of memoranda or other writings, 125 A.L.R. 19; 82 A.L.R.2d 473.    Admissibility on issue of negligence or contributory negligence of statements warning one of danger, 125 A.L.R. 645.    Admissibility as res gestae of declaration by nonparticipant as affected by evidence or lack of evidence that he actually observed the act or fact, 127 A.L.R. 1030.    Admissibility of testimony of witness at former trial or in another case to cover gaps or omissions, due to faulty memory or other causes, in his present testimony given in person or by deposition, 129 A.L.R. 843.    Admissibility of statements by one who claimed to have met with an accident, as evidence of fact of accident, 130 A.L.R. 291.    Admissibility, on issue of negligence or contributory negligence, of statement or comment in respect of conduct of driver of car, or other person, shortly afterwards involved in an accident, 140 A.L.R. 874.    Admissibility of books of account as affected by mutilation, erasures, or alterations, 142 A.L.R. 1406.    Statute providing for admissibility as evidence of records or entries in the regular course of business (Model Act) as applicable to reports of accidents, 144 A.L.R. 727; 10 A.L.R. Fed 858.    Statute which disqualified one person as a witness because of death of another, as applicable to testimony as to statements or acts of deceased, offered as part of res gestae or to show mental condition ("verbal act" theory), 146 A.L.R. 250.    Financial statement or report to stockholders as admissible in evidence on issue between seller and purchaser as to value of stock sold, 147 A.L.R. 1150.    Admissibility of corporate books and records against officers or stockholders in criminal prosecutions against them, 154 A.L.R. 279.    Admissibility of evidence of complaint or details of complaint by alleged victim of rape or other similar offense as affected by fact that she is not a witness or is incompetent to testify because of age or other reason, 157 A.L.R. 1359.    Res gestae utterances in actions founded on accidents, 163 A.L.R. 15.    Binding effect of party's own unfavorable testimony, 169 A.L.R. 798.   Admissibility against beneficiary of life or accident insurance policy of statements of third persons included in or with proof of death, 1 A.L.R.2d 365.   Inability of person making utterance to recollect and narrate facts to which it relates as affecting its admissibility as part of res gestae, 7 A.L.R.2d 1324.   Admissibility of declaration of persons other than members of family as to pedigree, 15 A.L.R.2d 1412.   What constitutes books of original entry within rule as to admissibility of books of account, 17 A.L.R.2d 235.   Verification and authentication of slips, tickets, bills, invoices, etc., made in regular course of business, under the Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act, or under similar "Model Acts,", 21 A.L.R.2d 773.   Proof of identity of person or thing where object, specimen, or part is taken from a human body, as basis for admission of testimony or report of expert or officer based on such object, specimen, or part, 21 A.L.R.2d 1216.   Coroner's verdict or report as evidence on issue of suicide, 28 A.L.R.2d 352.   Admissibility, on issue of child's legitimacy or parentage, of declarations of parents, relatives, or the child, deceased or unavailable, 31 A.L.R.2d 989.   Carrier's issuance of bill of lading or shipping receipt, without notation thereon of visible damage or defects in shipment, as creating presumption or prima facie case of good condition when received, 33 A.L.R.2d 867.   Right of prosecution, in homicide case, to introduce evidence in rebuttal to show good, quiet, and peaceable character of deceased, 34 A.L.R.2d 451.   Admissibility of declarations of grantor on issue of delivery of deed, 34 A.L.R.2d 588.   Admissibility, in prosecution for illegal sale of intoxicating liquor, of other sales, 40 A.L.R.2d 817.   Admissibility of records or report of welfare department or agency relating to payment to or financial condition of particular person, 42 A.L.R.2d 752.   Admissibility of hospital record relating to cause or circumstances of accident or incident in which patient sustained injury, 44 A.L.R.2d 553.   Admissibility in evidence of ancient maps and the like, 46 A.L.R.2d 1318.   Admissibility of dying declaration in civil case, 47 A.L.R.2d 526.   Admissibility as res gestae of statements or exclamations relating to cause of, or responsibility for, motor vehicle accident, 53 A.L.R.2d 1245.   Spontaneity of declaration sought to be admitted as part of res gestae as question for court or ultimately for jury, 56 A.L.R.2d 372.   Admissibility of evidence of reputation or declaration as to matter of public interest, 58 A.L.R.2d 615.   Admissibility, in action on employee fidelity bond or policy, of confessions or declarations of such employee no longer available as witness, 65 A.L.R.2d 631.   Admissibility in civil action of electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, or other record made by instrument used in medical test, or of report based upon such test, 66 A.L.R.2d 536.   Admissibility, in civil assault and battery action, of similar acts or assaults against other persons, 66 A.L.R.2d 806.   Forged deed or bond for title as constituting color of title, 68 A.L.R.2d 452.   Admissibility in evidence of enlarged photographs or photostatic copies, 72 A.L.R.2d 308.   Admissibility and weight of surveys or polls of public or consumers' opinion, recognition, preference, or the like, 76 A.L.R.2d 619, 98 A.L.R. Fed. 20.   Admissibility in criminal case, as part of the res gestae, of statements or utterances of bystanders made at time of arrest, 78 A.L.R.2d 300.   Reviewing, setting aside, or quashing of verdict at coroner's inquest, 78 A.L.R.2d 1218.   Admissibility in evidence of receipt of third person, 80 A.L.R.2d 915.   Declarant's age as affecting admissibility as res gestae, 83 A.L.R.2d 1368; 15 A.L.R.4th 1043.   Admissibility of homicide victim's statements exculpating the accused, 95 A.L.R.2d 637.   Admissibility, as part of res gestae, of accusatory utterances made by homicide victim after act, 4 A.L.R.3d 149.   Procuring signature by fraud as forgery, 11 A.L.R.3d 1074.   Admissibility of party's book accounts to prove loans or payments by person by or for whom they are kept, 13 A.L.R.3d 284.   Admissibility, as res gestae, of statements relating to origin or cause of, or responsibility for, fire, 13 A.L.R.3d 1114.   Presumptions and burden of proof as to time of alteration of deed, 30 A.L.R.3d 571.   Necessity of expert evidence to support action against hospital for injury to or death of patient, 40 A.L.R.3d 515.   Burden of proof defendant's age, in prosecution where attainment of particular age is statutory requisite of guilt, 49 A.L.R.3d 526.   Admissibility, as part of res gestae, of spontaneous utterances of unidentified bystander testified to by an interested party, 50 A.L.R.3d 716.   Admissibility on issue of sanity of expert opinion based partly on medical, psychological, or hospital records, 55 A.L.R.3d 551.   Letters to or from customers or suppliers as business records under statutes authorizing reception of business records in evidence, 68 A.L.R.3d 1069.   Admissibility under business entry statutes of hospital records in criminal case, 69 A.L.R.3d 22.   Admissibility under Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act or similar statute of medical report made by consulting physician to treating physician, 69 A.L.R.3d 104.   Admissibility of testimony of coroner or mortician as to cause of death in homicide prosecution, 71 A.L.R.3d 1265.   Admissibility, as res gestae, of accusatory utterances made by homicide victim before the act, 74 A.L.R.3d 963.   Admissibility in state court proceedings of police report as business records, 77 A.L.R.3d 115.   Fact that rape victim's complaint or statement was made in response to questions as affecting res gestae character, 80 A.L.R.3d 369.   Admissibility under state law of hospital record relating to intoxication or sobriety of patient, 80 A.L.R.3d 456.   Discovery of hospital's internal records or communications as to qualifications or evaluations of individual physician, 81 A.L.R.3d 944.   Refreshment of recollection by use of memoranda or other writings, 82 A.L.R.2d 473.   Time element as affecting admissibility of statement or complaint made by victim of sex crime as res gestae, spontaneous exclamation, or excited utterance, 89 A.L.R.3d 102.   Admissibility in personal injury action of hospital or other medical bill which includes expenses for treatment of condition unrelated to injury, 89 A.L.R.3d 1012.   Admissibility of hypnotic evidence at criminal trial, 92 A.L.R.3d 442; 77 A.L.R.4th 927.   Evidence: admissibility of memorandum of telephone conversation, 94 A.L.R.3d 975.   Business records: authentication and verification of bills and invoices under Rule 803(6) of the uniform rules of evidence, 1 A.L.R.4th 316.   Admissibility of computerized private business records, 7 A.L.R.4th 8.   Admissibility and weight of extrajudicial or pretrial identification where witness was unable or failed to make in-court identification, 29 A.L.R.4th 104.   Fence as factor in fixing location of boundary line - modern cases, 7 A.L.R.4th 53.   Modern status of rule regarding necessity for corroboration of victim's testimony in prosecution for sexual offense, 31 A.L.R.4th 120.   Admissibility in state court proceedings of police reports under official record exception to hearsay rule, 31 A.L.R.4th 913.   Fact that witness undergoes hypnotic examination as affecting admissibility of testimony in civil case, 31 A.L.R.4th 1239.   Necessity, in criminal prosecution, of independent evidence of principal act to allow admission, under res gestae or excited utterance exception to hearsay rule, of statement made at time of, or subsequent to, principal act, 38 A.L.R.4th 1237.   Admissibility of school records under hearsay exceptions, 57 A.L.R.4th 1111.   Admissibility of hypnotically refreshed or enhanced testimony, 77 A.L.R.4th 927.   Admissibility of evidence of reputation as to land boundaries or customs affecting land, under Rule 803(20) of Uniform Rules of Evidence and similar formulations, 79 A.L.R.4th 1044.   Admissibility of government factfinding in products liability actions, 29 A.L.R.5th 534.   Admissibility of statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment as hearsay exception under Rule 803(4) of the Uniform Rules of Evidence, 38 A.L.R.5th 433.   Admissibility and weight of fingerprint evidence obtained or visualized by chemical, laser, and digitally enhanced imaging processes, 110 A.L.R.5th 213.   Admissibility in state court proceedings of police reports as business records, 111 A.L.R.5th 1.   Admissibility in state court proceedings of police reports under official record exception to hearsay rule, 112 A.L.R.5th 621.   When is hearsay statement made to 9-1-1 operator admissible as "present sense impression" under Uniform Rules of Evidence 803(1) or similar state rule, 125 A.L.R.5th 357.   Admissibility of ancient documents as hearsay exception under Rule 803(16) of Federal Rules of Evidence, 186 A.L.R. Fed. 485.   Admissibility of summaries or charts of writings, recordings, or photographs under Rule 1006 of Federal Rules of Evidence, 198 A.L.R. Fed. 427.   Admissibility of testimony concerning extrajudicial statements made to, or in presence of, witness through interpreter - state cases, 97 A.L.R.6th 567.   Hearsay objections to admission of text messages or testimony thereof, 10 A.L.R.7th 4.   Admissibility of testimony concerning extrajudicial statements made to, or in presence of, witness through an interpreter - federal cases, 91 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 187.   Admissibility of statement under Fed. R. Evid. 803(5), providing for recorded-recollection exception to hearsay rule, 93 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 79.