reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 14-4-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 14-4-2. Existing Venue Statutes Unaffected by Chapter

 Nothing in this chapter shall affect existing statutes with respect to the venue of actions against railroad, electric, banking, trust, insurance, canal, navigation, express, and telegraph companies, which existing statutes include, as to express companies, those statutes codified as Code Sections 46-9-234 through 46-9-236; as to companies under the jurisdiction of the Georgia Public Service Commission, that statute codified as Code Section 46-2-92.   (Code 1933, § 22-4802, enacted by Ga. L. 1969, p. 152, § 98; Ga. L. 1984, p. 22, § 14; Ga. L. 2012, p. 847, § 1/HB 1115.)
GA Code § 14-4-21 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 2 - Incorporation|§ 14-4-21. Number of Directors; Effect Upon Acts of Directors Prior to April 1, 1969

 Every banking, trust, insurance, railroad, canal, navigation, express, and telegraph corporation shall have such number of directors, not less than three, as may be provided by its charter, any amendment thereto granted prior to April 1, 1969, or thereafter, or by its bylaws in the absence of any such charter provision. The effect of this Code section shall be that all actions taken prior to April 1, 1969, by the board of directors of any such corporation shall be valid and binding for all purposes as if this Code section had been enacted before such action was taken and as if such board of directors had been constituted as provided by this Code section.   (Ga. L. 1958, p. 92, §§ 1, 2; Code 1933, § 22-4102, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1; Ga. L. 1983, p. 506, § 2.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1983, p. 506, § 1, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: "It is the intent of this Act to implement certain changes required by Article III, Section VI, Paragraph V (a) of the Constitution of the State of Georgia."   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18B Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 1264 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporations, § 518 et seq.   ALR.   - Construction and effect of corporate bylaws or articles relating to change in number of directors, 3 A.L.R.3d 623.
GA Code § 14-4-22 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 2 - Incorporation|§ 14-4-22. Use of Name of Another Without Consent

 Whenever application is made to the Secretary of State to obtain a charter or the authorization of articles of incorporation for any purpose, it shall be unlawful for the applicant either to use the name of any person, order, lodge, society, or corporation as a corporate name or to mention any such name in connection with the purpose of such proposed organization without furnishing at the time of application an affidavit of consent executed by such person, order, lodge, society, or corporation.   (Ga. L. 1923, p. 82, § 1; Code 1933, § 22-202; Code 1933, § 22-4201, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 238 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 132 et seq.
GA Code § 14-4-23 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 2 - Incorporation|§ 14-4-23. Objection to Grant of Charter; Hearing Thereon

 It shall be the right of any person, order, lodge, society, or corporation interested in the result of an application to obtain a charter or the authorization of articles of incorporation in which the name of such person, order, lodge, society, or corporation is used unlawfully under Code Section 14-4-22 to file written objections and to appear before the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State, after hearing the issue formed by the application and objections filed thereto and after hearing evidence thereon, may in his discretion grant or refuse such charter or articles of incorporation. Such application and objections filed thereto may be heard within the office of the Secretary of State at such reasonable time as he may designate.   (Ga. L. 1923, p. 82, § 2; Code 1933, § 22-203; Code 1933, § 22-4202, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 14.)
GA Code § 14-4-24 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 2 - Incorporation|§ 14-4-24. Appeal From Action of Secretary of State

 Either party to a hearing held pursuant to Code Section 14-4-23 who is dissatisfied with the action of the Secretary of State may appeal to the Superior Court of Fulton County, whereupon the matter shall be tried de novo by the court without a jury. The court shall either sustain the action of the Secretary of State or direct him to take such action as the court may deem proper.   (Ga. L. 1923, p. 82, § 3; Code 1933, § 22-205; Code 1933, § 22-4203, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)
GA Code § 14-4-25 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 2 - Incorporation|§ 14-4-25. When Previously Used Corporate Name Becomes Available for Use by Others

  The name of a corporation shall become immediately available for use by others upon:   The surrender by the corporation of its franchise;   The effective date of an amendment changing the name of the corporation;   The voluntary or involuntary dissolution of the corporation.     Upon the effective date of a merger or consolidation, the names of the constituent corporations shall become immediately available except insofar as one of such names shall be the name of the surviving or resulting corporation.   Nothing in this Code section shall abrogate or limit the law as to unfair competition or unfair trade practice nor derogate from the common law, or principles of equity, or the statutes of this state or of the United States with respect to the right to acquire and protect trade names and trademarks.    (Code 1933, § 22-4204, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 222 et seq., 235 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 133 et seq.
GA Code § 14-4-40 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-40. Creation of Shares With or Without Par Value and of Classes of Shares

 Every corporation having capital stock incorporated prior to April 1, 1969, or thereafter by the Secretary of State or by Act of the General Assembly, including corporations with powers derived from both of such sources, except an insurance company, which shall be subject to the provisions of Code Section 33-14-45, or a banking or trust company, which shall be subject to the provisions of Code Section 7-1-413, may, upon its organization or thereafter in the manner provided in this article, create shares of stock with or without par value and may create two or more classes of stock with such preferences, voting powers, restrictions, and qualifications as shall be designated in its petition, declaration, or other application for incorporation or as subsequently shall be decided upon, provided there shall be but one class of common stock, each share of which shall stand upon an equality with every other share. Before any such corporation can begin business as a corporation there must be at least $1,000.00 paid in for such nonpar value common stock either in cash or in tangible assets at their fairly appraised valuation.   (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 1; Code 1933, §§ 22-801, 22-803, 22-804; Code 1933, §§ 22-4501, 22-4503, 22-4504, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1; Ga. L. 1994, p. 694, § 1.)   Law reviews.   - For note on the 1994 amendment of this Code section, see 11 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 196 (1994).
GA Code § 14-4-41 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-41. Authority Prerequisite to Issuance of Stock

 Before any corporation shall avail itself of this article, it shall procure appropriate corporate authority therefor in the manner provided by law. The Secretary of State is authorized to grant such powers to the several classes of corporations of which he has jurisdiction to grant or amend charters.   (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 1; Ga. L. 1926, Ex. Sess., p. 48, § 1; Code 1933, § 22-802; Code 1933, § 22-4502, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 229 et seq.
GA Code § 14-4-42 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-42. Application of Laws Governing Par Stock to Nonpar Stock

 The provisions of law relating to the issue of shares of capital stock with par value, including in the case of a corporation under the jurisdiction of the Georgia Public Service Commission the laws defining the duties and powers of said commission with respect to the issuance of shares of stock, shall, except as otherwise provided in this article, apply also to the issue of shares without par value.   (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 2; Code 1933, § 22-805; Code 1933, § 22-4505, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 372.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 205.
GA Code § 14-4-43 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-43. Consideration for Sale of Nonpar Stock

 A corporation may issue and dispose of its authorized shares without par value for such consideration as may be authorized or prescribed in its charter or certificate of incorporation or amendments thereof or, if there is no provision therein with respect thereto, for such consideration as may be fixed by the stockholders at a meeting duly called for that purpose, or by the board of directors when acting under general or special authority granted by the stockholders or under general authority conferred by the charter or certificate of incorporation or amendments thereof. Any and all shares without nominal or par value issued for the consideration prescribed or fixed in accordance with this Code section shall be fully paid and not liable to any further call or assessment thereon; nor shall the subscriber or holder be liable for any further payment.   (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 2; Code 1933, § 22-806; Code 1933, § 22-4506, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 372.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 222.
GA Code § 14-4-44 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-44. Change of Par Stock Into Nonpar Stock

 Every corporation of the character included in Code Section 14-4-40 having shares with par value, whether issued and outstanding or only authorized, may, at a meeting duly called for the purpose, by the vote of a majority of all its stock entitled to vote or, if two or more classes of stock have been issued, of a majority of each class outstanding and entitled to vote, including in any event a majority of the outstanding stock of each class affected, change such shares of any class thereof into an equal or greater number of shares of the same class without par value or provide for the exchange thereof pro rata for an equal or greater number of shares without par value, provided that all shares in any one class shall be changed or exchanged on the same basis; and provided, further, that the preferences, restrictions, and qualities of the outstanding shares so changed or exchanged shall not be otherwise affected nor the relative voting powers of the different classes of shares be altered.   (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 3; Code 1933, § 22-807; Code 1933, § 22-4507, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 372.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 187, 205.   ALR.   - Modern status of rules governing allocation of stock dividends or splits between principal and income, 81 A.L.R.3d 876.
GA Code § 14-4-45 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-45. Application for Incorporation of Corporations Having Nonpar Stock

 Upon the organization of any corporation having shares of stock without par value, the petition, declaration, or other application for incorporation required by law, in addition to other matters required to be stated, shall state:    The number of shares with par value and the number of shares without par value that may be issued and the designation of the classes, if any, into which such shares are divided;   The par value of the shares, if any, other than the shares to be without par value; and   If there are to be two or more classes of stock, a description of the different classes including a statement of the respective preferences, restrictions, and qualities thereof.    (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 4; Code 1933, § 22-808; Code 1933, § 22-4508, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 14.)
GA Code § 14-4-46 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-46. Statement as to Nonpar Stock

 Any law requiring that the amount of par value of the capital stock of a corporation be stated in any certificate, report, or other instrument shall be deemed to be complied with so far as shares without par value are concerned by stating with respect to such shares the number authorized, issued, or to be issued, as the case may be, and the fact that they are without par value.   (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 5; Code 1933, § 22-809; Code 1933, § 22-4509, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 370.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 180 et seq.
GA Code § 14-4-47 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 3 - Corporate Finance|§ 14-4-47. Meeting "Duly Called for the Purpose" Defined

 A meeting "duly called for the purpose," as that phrase is used in this article, shall mean a meeting of the stockholders called and notified for the purpose in the manner prescribed by the bylaws of the corporation concerned. Unless required by the bylaws, no publication of the call or notice in any newspaper shall be necessary.   (Ga. L. 1925, p. 224, § 6; Code 1933, § 22-810; Code 1933, § 22-4510, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 781.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 447 et seq.
GA Code § 14-4-60 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 4 - Powers and Liabilities|§ 14-4-60. Powers Generally

 All corporations have the right to sue and be sued, to have and use a common seal, to make bylaws binding on their own members not inconsistent with the laws of this state and of the United States, to receive donations by gift or will, to purchase and hold such property, real or personal, as is necessary to the purpose of their organization, and to do all such acts as are necessary for the legitimate execution of this purpose.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 1633; Code 1868, § 1678; Code 1873, § 1679; Code 1882, § 1679; Civil Code 1895, § 1852; Civil Code 1910, § 2216; Code 1933, § 22-703; Code 1933, § 22-4103, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 1 et seq., 45 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 132 et seq, 143 et seq., 154 et seq. 19 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 651 et seq., 673.   ALR.    - Validity of obligation given by corporation for a personal debt of officer or stockholder, 47 A.L.R. 78.   Liability of corporation for contracts of subsidiary, 38 A.L.R.3d 1102.
GA Code § 14-4-61 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 4 - Powers and Liabilities|§ 14-4-61. Power to Make Donations for Public Welfare or for Charitable, Scientific, or Educational Purposes

 Every private corporation incorporated in this state on or after April 1, 1969, shall have, in addition to the powers granted in its articles of incorporation or charter and in addition to other general powers conferred by law, power to make donations for the public welfare or for charitable, scientific, or educational purposes. Every private corporation incorporated prior to April 1, 1969, and whose articles of incorporation or charter was issued subject to the right reserved in the state to change the articles of incorporation or charter or withdraw the franchise shall also have the power described in this Code section.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 121, § 1; Code 1933, § 22-4107, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18B Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 1361 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporations, § 743.   ALR.   - Power of a business corporation to donate to a charitable or similar institution, 39 A.L.R.2d 1192.   Power of particular officer or agent of business corporation to bind it by a donation to a charity or similar institution, 50 A.L.R.2d 447.
GA Code § 14-4-62 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 4 - Powers and Liabilities|§ 14-4-62. Continuous Succession; Term of Articles of Incorporation or Charter

 Corporations shall have continuous succession during the time limited by their articles of incorporation or charters, notwithstanding the death of their members. Should any articles of incorporation or charter granted to a private corporation be silent as to its continuance, such articles of incorporation or charter shall expire at the end of 30 years from the date of its grant by the Secretary of State.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 1632; Code 1868, § 1677; Code 1873, § 1678; Code 1882, § 1678; Civil Code 1895, § 1851; Civil Code 1910, § 2215; Code 1933, § 22-702; Code 1933, § 22-4108, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 71.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 67.   ALR.    - Extension or renewal of period of corporate existence, 108 A.L.R. 59.
GA Code § 14-4-63 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 4 - Powers and Liabilities|§ 14-4-63. Liability of Persons Transacting Business Before Minimum Capital Stock Subscribed For

 Persons who organize a company and transact business in its name before the minimum capital stock has been subscribed for are liable to creditors to make good the minimum capital stock with interest.   (Civil Code 1895, § 1856; Civil Code 1910, § 2220; Code 1933, § 22-707; Code 1933, § 22-4104, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 96 et seq.   ALR.   - Inadequate capitalization as factor in disregard of corporate entity, 63 A.L.R.2d 1051.
GA Code § 14-4-64 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 4 - Powers and Liabilities|§ 14-4-64. Responsibility for Acts of Officers

 Every corporation acts through its officers and is responsible for the acts of such officers in the sphere of their appropriate duties; and no corporation shall be relieved of its liability to third persons for the acts of its officers by reason of any bylaws or other limitation upon the power of the officer not known to such third person.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 1634; Code 1868, § 1679; Code 1873, § 1680; Code 1882, § 1680; Civil Code 1895, § 1861; Civil Code 1910, § 2225; Code 1933, § 22-712; Code 1933, § 22-4105, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18B Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 1426 et seq.   ALR.    - Right of individual creditor to enforce for his own benefit personal liability of directors or officers of corporation for incurring excessive debts, 43 A.L.R. 1147.    Validity of obligation given by corporation for a personal debt of officer or stockholder, 47 A.L.R. 78.    Implied or ostensible authority of officer or employee of private corporation to take or negotiate leaseholds for corporation or its subsidiaries, 107 A.L.R. 996.   Power of corporate officer or agent to hire employees for life, 28 A.L.R.2d 929.
GA Code § 14-4-65 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 4 - Secretary of State Corporations|Article 4 - Powers and Liabilities|§ 14-4-65. Improper Dividends; Liability of Officers

 No corporation or association shall declare any dividend or distribute any money among its members as profits when such dividend or money is not declared or distributed from the actual legitimate net earnings and in any manner increases its debts. Should the president, directors, or other agent of any corporation declare a dividend or dividends in violation of the above provisions they shall be subject to an action for double the amount of damages that any person or persons may sustain in consequence of the declaring of such dividend or dividends.   (Ga. L. 1877, p. 35, §§ 1-3; Code 1882, §§ 4604a, 4604b, 4604c; Penal Code 1895, § 691; Ga. L. 1902, p. 58, § 1; Penal Code 1910, § 740; Code 1933, § 22-713; Code 1933, § 22-4106, enacted by Ga. L. 1968, p. 565, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18B Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 1105 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 361 et seq. 19 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 571, 575, 576.