reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 14-2-706 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 1 - Meetings|§ 14-2-706. Waiver of Notice

  A shareholder may waive any notice required by this chapter, the articles of incorporation, or bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice. The waiver must be in writing or by electronic transmission, be signed by the shareholder entitled to the notice, and be delivered to the corporation for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate records.   A shareholder's attendance at a meeting:   Waives objection to lack of notice or defective notice of the meeting, unless the shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting; and   Waives objection to consideration of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice, unless the shareholder objects to considering the matter when it is presented.     Unless required by the bylaws, neither the business transacted nor the purpose of the meeting need be specified in the waiver, except that any waiver by a shareholder of the notice of a meeting of shareholders with respect to an amendment of the articles of incorporation pursuant to Code Section 14-2-1003, a plan of merger or share exchange pursuant to Code Section 14-2-1103, a sale of assets pursuant to Code Section 14-2-1202, or any other action which would entitle the shareholder to dissent pursuant to Code Section 14-2-1302 and obtain payment for his shares shall not be effective unless:   Prior to the execution of the waiver, the shareholder shall have been furnished the same material that under this chapter would have been required to be sent to the shareholder in a notice of the meeting, including notice of any applicable dissenters' rights as provided in Code Sections 14-2-1320 and 14-2-1322; or   The waiver expressly waives the right to receive the material required to be furnished.       (Code 1981, §14-2-706, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1; Ga. L. 2004, p. 508, § 11.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 684 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 447 et seq.   ALR.   - Participation in meeting as waiver of compliance with notice requirement for shareholders' meeting, 64 A.L.R.3d 358.
GA Code § 14-2-707 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 1 - Meetings|§ 14-2-707. Record Date

  The bylaws may fix or provide the manner of fixing the record date for one or more voting groups in order to determine the shareholders entitled to notice of a shareholders' meeting, to demand a special meeting, to vote, or to take any other action. If the bylaws do not fix or provide for fixing a record date, the board of directors of the corporation may fix a future date as the record date.   A record date fixed under this Code section may not be more than 70 days before the meeting or action requiring a determination of shareholders.   A determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a shareholders' meeting is effective for any adjournment of the meeting unless the board of directors fixes a new record date, which it must do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting.   If a court orders a meeting adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting, it may provide that the original record date continues in effect or it may fix a new record date.     (Code 1981, §14-2-707, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 793, 797 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 447 et seq., 479, 480.
GA Code § 14-2-708 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 1 - Meetings|§ 14-2-708. Shareholder and Proxies' Participation by Remote Communication

 When authorized by the board of directors, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the board of directors may adopt, shareholders and holders of proxies of any class or series designated by the board of directors not physically present at a meeting of shareholders may, by means of remote communication:    Participate in a meeting of shareholders; and   Be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of shareholders, whether such meeting is held at a designated place or held wholly by means of remote communication, provided that:   The corporation implements reasonable procedures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a shareholder or holder of a proxy;   The corporation implements reasonable procedures to provide such shareholders and holders of proxies a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to such shareholders and holders of proxies, including, but not limited to, an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings; and   When any shareholder or holder of a proxy votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the corporation.       (Code 1981, §14-2-708, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 103, § 3/SB 168; Ga. L. 2021, p. 115, § 3/HB 306.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 2021, the enactment of paragraph (2) of subsection (b) of this Code section by Ga. L. 2021, p. 103 § 3/SB 168, was treated as impliedly repealed and superseded by Ga. L. 2021, p. 115, § 3/HB 306, due to irreconcilable conflict.
GA Code § 14-2-720 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-720. (See Editor's notes.) Shareholders' List for Meeting

  After fixing a record date for a meeting, a corporation shall prepare an alphabetical list of the names of all its shareholders who are entitled to notice of a shareholders' meeting. The list must be arranged by voting group and within each voting group by class or series of shares and show the address of and number of shares held by each shareholder. Nothing contained in this Code section shall require the corporation to include e-mail addresses or other information for delivery of electronic transmissions on such list.   The shareholders' list must be available for inspection by any shareholder, his or her agent, or his or her attorney:   On a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting upon request; or   During ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the corporation.  In the event that the corporation makes the list available on an electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to shareholders of the corporation. If the meeting is to be held in person, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the duration of the meeting and may be inspected by any shareholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any shareholder during the duration of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.      If the corporation refuses to allow a shareholder, his agent, or his attorney to inspect the shareholders' list at the meeting, the superior court of the county where a corporation's registered office is located, on application of the shareholder, may summarily order the inspection at the corporation's expense and may postpone the meeting for which the list was prepared until the inspection is complete.   Refusal or failure to prepare or make available the shareholders' list does not affect the validity of action taken at the meeting.     (Code 1981, §14-2-720, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1; Ga. L. 2004, p. 508, § 12.)   For application of this statute in 2020, see Executive Order 03.20.20.02.   A listing of Executive Orders issued in 2020 can be found at https://gov.georgia.gov/executive-action/executive-orders/2 020-executive-orders.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 792, 793.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 413 et seq., 456 et seq.   ALR.    - Corporation: right to reconsider vote in stockholders' or directors' meeting, 13 A.L.R. 131.   Purposes for which stockholder or officer may exercise right to examine corporate books and records, 15 A.L.R.2d 11.
GA Code § 14-2-723 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-723. Shares Held by Nominees

  A corporation may establish a procedure by which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee is recognized by the corporation as the shareholder. The extent of this recognition may be determined in the procedure.   The procedure may set forth:   The types of nominees to which it applies;   The rights or privileges that the corporation recognizes in a beneficial owner;   The manner in which the procedure is selected by the nominee;   The information that must be provided when the procedure is selected;   The period for which selection of the procedure is effective; and   Other aspects of the rights and duties created.       (Code 1981, §14-2-723, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 934 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 447 et seq.
GA Code § 14-2-725 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-725. Quorum and Voting Requirements for Voting Groups

  Shares entitled to vote as a separate voting group may take action on a matter at a meeting only if a quorum of those shares exists with respect to that matter. Unless the articles of incorporation or this chapter provides otherwise, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by the voting group constitutes a quorum of that voting group for action on that matter.   Once a share is represented for any purpose at a meeting other than solely to object to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting, it is deemed present for quorum purposes for the remainder of the meeting and for any adjournment of that meeting unless a new record date is or must be set for that adjourned meeting.   If a quorum exists, action on a matter (other than the election of directors) by a voting group is approved if the votes cast within the voting group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action, unless the articles of incorporation, a bylaw adopted by the shareholders under Code Section 14-2-1021, or this chapter requires a greater number of affirmative votes.   The election of directors is governed by Code Section 14-2-728.     (Code 1981, §14-2-725, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1; Ga. L. 1989, p. 946, § 25.)   Law reviews.   - For article discussing liability of corporate directors, officers, and shareholders under the Georgia Business Corporation Code, and as affected by provisions of the Georgia Civil Practice Act, see 7 Ga. St. B.J. 277 (1971). For article, "The Dynamics Among Shareholders, Directors, and Officers in Corporate Organizations Under Georgia Law," see 37 Mercer L. Rev. 79 (1985). For article, "Some Distinctive Features of the Georgia Business Corporation Code," 28 Ga. St. B. J. 101 (1991).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 818 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 454, 461.   ALR.    - Corporation: right to reconsider vote in stockholders' or directors' meeting, 13 A.L.R. 131.    Stockholders required for quorum or vote as determined by number of stockholders or number of shares, 63 A.L.R. 1106.
GA Code § 14-2-726 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-726. Action by Single and Multiple Voting Groups

  If the articles of incorporation or this chapter provides for voting by a single voting group on a matter, action on that matter is taken when voted upon by that voting group as provided in Code Section 14-2-725.   If the articles of incorporation or this chapter provides for voting by two or more voting groups on a matter, action on that matter is taken only when voted upon by each of those voting groups counted separately as provided in Code Section 14-2-725. Action may be taken by one voting group on a matter even though no action is taken by another voting group entitled to vote on the matter.     (Code 1981, §14-2-726, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 923 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 461.
GA Code § 14-2-727 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-727. Greater or Lesser Quorum or Voting Requirements

  The articles of incorporation or a bylaw adopted under Code Section 14-2-1021 may provide for a greater or lesser quorum (but not less than one-third of the votes entitled to be cast) or a greater voting requirement for shareholders (or voting groups of shareholders) than is provided for by this chapter.   An amendment to the articles of incorporation or bylaws that changes or deletes a greater quorum or voting requirement must meet the same quorum requirement and be adopted by the same vote and voting groups required to take action under the quorum and voting requirements prescribed in the provision being amended.     (Code 1981, §14-2-727, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Some Distinctive Features of the Georgia Business Corporation Code," 28 Ga. St. B. J. 101 (1991).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 818 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 454, 461.   ALR.    - Stockholders required for quorum or vote as determined by number of stockholders or number of shares, 63 A.L.R. 1106.   Validity, construction, and effect of provision in charter or bylaw requiring supermajority vote, 80 A.L.R.4th 667.
GA Code § 14-2-728 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-728. Voting for Directors; Cumulative Voting

  Unless otherwise provided in:   The articles of incorporation; or   A bylaw that fixes a greater voting requirement for the election of directors and that is adopted by the board of directors of a corporation having shares listed on a national securities exchange or regularly traded in a market maintained by one or more members of a national or affiliated securities association,  directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election. Action to elect directors may be taken at a meeting only if a quorum is present.      Shareholders do not have a right to cumulate their votes for directors unless the articles of incorporation so provide.   A statement included in the articles of incorporation that all or a designated voting group of shareholders are entitled to cumulate their votes for directors (or words of similar import) means that the shareholders designated are entitled to multiply the number of votes they are entitled to cast by the number of directors for whom they are entitled to vote and cast the product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more candidates.   Shares otherwise entitled to vote cumulatively may not be voted cumulatively at a particular meeting unless:   The meeting notice or proxy statement accompanying the notice states that cumulative voting will be in effect; or   A shareholder who has the right to cumulate his votes gives notice to the corporation not less than 48 hours before the time set for the meeting of his intent to cumulate his votes during the meeting, and if one shareholder gives this notice all other shareholders in the same voting group participating in the election are entitled to cumulate their votes without giving further notice.       (Code 1981, §14-2-728, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1; Ga. L. 2008, p. 253, § 2/SB 436.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Some Distinctive Features of the Georgia Business Corporation Code," 28 Ga. St. B. J. 101 (1991). For survey article on business associations, see 60 Mercer L. Rev. 35 (2008).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18B Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 1179 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporations, § 518 et seq.   ALR.    - Corporations: right to reconsider vote in stockholders' or directors' meeting, 13 A.L.R. 131.    Voting power of corporation stock as confined to issued and outstanding stock to exclusion of authorized unissued stock or stock which has been reacquired by the corporation, 90 A.L.R. 315.    Powers of voting trustees, 159 A.L.R. 1067.   Construction, application, and effect of constitutional provisions or statutes relating to cumulative voting of stock for corporate directors, 43 A.L.R.2d 1322.   Corporations: validity of charter provision for nonvoting common stock, 52 A.L.R.3d 1131.   Validity of variations from one share-one vote rule under modern corporate law, 3 A.L.R.4th 1204.
GA Code § 14-2-729 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-729. Adjournment of Meeting by Majority of Voting Shares

 The holders of a majority of the voting shares represented at a meeting, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn such meeting from time to time.    (Code 1981, §14-2-729, enacted by Ga. L. 1989, p. 946, § 26.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Some Distinctive Features of the Georgia Business Corporation Code," 28 Ga. St. B. J. 101 (1991).
GA Code § 14-2-729.1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 2 - Voting|§ 14-2-729.1. Inspectors

  A corporation having any shares listed on a national securities exchange or regularly traded in a market maintained by one or more members of a national or affiliated securities association shall, and any other corporation may, appoint one or more inspectors to act at a meeting of shareholders and make a written report of the inspectors' determinations. Each inspector shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of the inspector's ability.   The inspectors shall:   Ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each;   Determine the shares represented at a meeting;   Determine the validity of proxies and ballots;   Count all votes; and   Determine the result.     An inspector may be an officer or employee of the corporation.     (Code 1981, §14-2-729.1, enacted by Ga. L. 1997, p. 1165, § 9.)
GA Code § 14-2-731 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 3 - Voting Trusts and Agreements|§ 14-2-731. Shareholder Agreements

  Two or more shareholders may provide for the manner in which their shares will be voted by signing an agreement for that purpose. A voting agreement created under this Code section or under subsection (b), (f), or (g) of Code Section 14-2-920 is not subject to the provisions of Code Section 14-2-730.   A voting agreement created under this Code section is specifically enforceable.   The duration of any agreement created under this Code section shall not exceed 20 years. Failure to state a period of duration or stating a period of duration in excess of 20 years shall not invalidate the agreement, but in either case the period of duration shall be 20 years. Any such agreement may be renewed for a period not in excess of 20 years from the date of renewal by agreement of all the shareholders bound thereby at the date of renewal.     (Code 1981, §14-2-731, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1; Ga. L. 1989, p. 946, § 28; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1567, § 4.)   Law reviews.   - For article discussing liability of corporate directors, officers, and shareholders under the Georgia Business Corporation Code, and as affected by provisions of the Georgia Civil Practice Act, see 7 Ga. St. B. J. 277 (1971). For article, "The Dynamics Among Shareholders, Directors, and Officers in Corporate Organizations Under Georgia Law," see 37 Mercer L. Rev. 79 (1985). For note on 2000 amendment of O.C.G.A. § 14-2-731, see 17 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 46 (2000).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 18A Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 923 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, § 460.   ALR.    - Corporation: right to reconsider vote in stockholders' or directors' meeting, 13 A.L.R. 131.   Validity and effect of agreement controlling the vote of corporate stock, 45 A.L.R.2d 799.
GA Code § 14-2-740 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 14 - Corporations, Partnerships, and Associations|Chapter 2 - Business Corporations|Article 7 - Shareholders|Part 4 - Derivative Proceedings|§ 14-2-740. Definitions

 As used in this part, the term:    "Derivative proceeding" means a civil suit in the right of a domestic corporation or, to the extent provided in Code Section 14-2-747, in the right of a foreign corporation.   "Shareholder" includes a beneficial owner whose shares are held in a voting trust or held by a nominee on the owner's behalf.     (Code 1981, §14-2-740, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 1070, § 1.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "The Development of the Shareholder's Direct Action Damage Remedy," see 28 Ga. St. B. J. 195 (1992). For article, "Litigation Discovery and Corporate Governance: The Missing Story About the 'Genius of American Corporate Law,"' see 63 Emory L.J. 1383 (2014). For annual survey on business associations, see 70 Mercer L. Rev. 19 (2018).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 19 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, § 1932 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 18 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 372, 373, 482 et seq.   ALR.   - Causation in private civil actions by minority shareholders under proxy provisions of § 14 (a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 USCS § 78n (a)) and Securities Exchange Act (SEC) Rules thereunder - Post Virginia bankshares, 137 A.L.R. Fed 293.