reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-201 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-201 - Issuer.

 (a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an “issuer” includes a person that:(1) Places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, participation or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation represented by the certificate;(2) Creates a share, participation or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or undertakes an obligation, that is an uncertificated security;(3) Directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented by a security certificate; or(4) Becomes responsible for, or in place of, another person described as an issuer in this section.(b) With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its obligation is noted on a security certificate.(c) With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-201; P.A. 79-435, S. 8; P.A. 97-182, S. 17.)History: P.A. 79-435 applied previous provisions to certificated securities, added provisions specifically applicable to uncertificated securities and added reference to registration of pledge or release in Subsec. (3); P.A. 97-182 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators and rephrased provisions.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-203 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-203 - Staleness as notice of defect or defense.

 After an act or event, other than a call that has been revoked, creating a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a certificated security or setting a date on or after which the security is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchange, a purchaser is charged with notice of any defect in its issue or defense of the issuer, if the act or event:(1) Requires the payment of money, the delivery of a certificated security, the registration of transfer of an uncertificated security, or any of them on presentation or surrender of the security certificate, the money or security is available on the date set for payment or exchange, and the purchaser takes the security more than one year after that date; or(2) Is not covered by subdivision (1) of this section and the purchaser takes the security more than two years after the date set for surrender or presentation or the date on which performance became due.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-203; P.A. 79-435, S. 10; P.A. 97-182, S. 19.)History: P.A. 79-435 reworded provisions to distinguish between certificated and uncertificated securities; P.A. 97-182 rephrased and restructured section.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-204 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-204 - Effect of issuer's restriction on transfer.

 A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by the issuer, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without knowledge of the restriction unless:(1) The security is certificated and the restriction is noted conspicuously on the security certificate; or(2) The security is uncertificated and the registered owner has been notified of the restriction.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-204; P.A. 79-435, S. 11; P.A. 97-182, S. 20.)History: P.A. 79-435 added Subdivs. (a) and (b) to distinguish between certificated and uncertificated securities and rephrased previous provision which read “Unless noted conspicuously on the security a restriction on transfer imposed by the issuer, even though otherwise lawful, is ineffective except against a person with actual knowledge of it”; P.A. 97-182 rephrased provisions, replaced alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators and revised Subdiv. (2) by deleting requirement that notice of the restriction be contained in the initial transaction statement.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-205 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-205 - Effect of unauthorized signature on security certificate.

 An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before or in the course of issue is ineffective, but the signature is effective in favor of a purchaser for value of the certificated security if the purchaser is without notice of the lack of authority and the signing has been done by:(1) An authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent or other person entrusted by the issuer with the signing of the security certificate or of similar security certificates, or the immediate preparation for signing of any of them; or(2) An employee of the issuer, or of any of the persons listed in subdivision (1) of this section, entrusted with responsible handling of the security certificate.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-205; P.A. 79-435, S. 12; P.A. 97-182, S. 21.)History: P.A. 79-435 specified applicability to signatures on “certificated” securities and extended applicability to signatures on initial transaction statements; P.A. 97-182 rephrased provisions, replaced alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators and deleted references to initial transaction statements.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-206 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-206 - Completion or alteration of security certificate.

 (a) If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary to its issue or transfer but is incomplete in any other respect:(1) Any person may complete it by filling in the blanks as authorized; and(2) Even if the blanks are incorrectly filled in, the security certificate as completed is enforceable by a purchaser who took it for value and without notice of the incorrectness.(b) A complete security certificate that has been improperly altered, even if fraudulently, remains enforceable, but only according to its original terms.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-206; P.A. 79-435, S. 13; P.A. 97-182, S. 22.)History: P.A. 79-435 applied previous provisions to “certificated” securities, slightly changing wording, and added Subsecs. (3) and (4) re initial transaction statements; P.A. 97-182 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators, replaced alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators, replaced “certificated security” with “security certificate” where appearing and deleted former Subsecs. (3) and (4) re initial transaction statements.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-207 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-207 - Rights and duties of issuer with respect to registered owners.

 (a) Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificated security in registered form or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer or indenture trustee may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to vote, receive notifications and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of an owner.(b) This article does not affect the liability of the registered owner of a security for a call, assessment or the like.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-207; 1961, P.A. 116, S. 8; P.A. 79-435, S. 14; P.A. 96-271, S. 214, 254; P.A. 97-182, S. 23.)History: 1961 act added reference to Sec. 33-310 in Subsec. (1); P.A. 79-435 specified “certificated” securities in Subsec. (1), inserted new Subsecs. (2) to (6) re uncertificated securities and renumbered former Subsec. (2) as Subsec. (7); P.A. 96-271 amended Subsec. (1) to delete provision that made provisions of said Subsec. subject to Sec. 33-310, effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 97-182 redesignated former Subsec. (1) as Subsec. (a) and amended said Subsec. to rephrase provisions and add reference to “an instruction requesting registration of transfer of an uncertificated security”, deleted former Subsecs. (2) to (6) re uncertificated securities and redesignated former Subsec. (7) as Subsec. (b) and amended said Subsec. to rephrase provisions.Cited. 181 C. 101.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-208 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-208 - Effect of signature of authenticating trustee, registrar or transfer agent.

 (a) A person signing a security certificate as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, warrants to a purchaser for value of the certificated security, if the purchaser is without notice of a particular defect that:(1) The certificate is genuine;(2) The person's own participation in the issue of the security is within the person's capacity and within the scope of the authority received by the person from the issuer; and(3) The person has reasonable grounds to believe that the certificated security is in the form and within the amount the issuer is authorized to issue.(b) Unless otherwise agreed, a person signing under subsection (a) of this section does not assume responsibility for the validity of the security in other respects.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-208; 1963, P.A. 526, S. 16; P.A. 79-435, S. 15; P.A 97-182, S. 24.)History: 1963 act deleted reference to “proper form” in Subsec. (1)(a) and added reference to authorized form in Subsec. (1)(c); P.A. 79-435 amended section to distinguish between certificated and uncertificated securities; P.A. 97-182 replaced numeric with alphabetic Subsec. indicators, amended Subsec. (a) to rephrase provisions, delete references to initial transaction statements and uncertificated securities and replace alphabetic with numeric Subdiv. indicators and amended Subsec. (b) to rephrase provisions.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-209 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-209 - Issuer's lien.

 A lien in favor of an issuer upon a certificated security is valid against a purchaser only if the right of the issuer to the lien is noted conspicuously on the security certificate.(P.A. 97-182, S. 25.)
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-210 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-210 - Overissue.

 (a) In this section, “overissue” means the issue of securities in excess of the amount the issuer has corporate power to issue, but an overissue does not occur if appropriate action has cured the overissue.(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, the provisions of this article which validate a security or compel its issue or reissue do not apply to the extent that validation, issue, or reissue would result in overissue.(c) If an identical security not constituting an overissue is reasonably available for purchase, a person entitled to issue or validation may compel the issuer to purchase the security and deliver it if certificated or register its transfer if uncertificated, against surrender of any security certificate the person holds.(d) If a security is not reasonably available for purchase, a person entitled to issue or validation may recover from the issuer the price the person or the last purchaser for value paid for it with interest from the date of the person's demand.(P.A. 97-182, S. 26.)
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-301 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-301 - Delivery.

 (a) Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser occurs when:(1) The purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate;(2) Another person, other than a securities intermediary, either acquires possession of the security certificate on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired possession of the certificate, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser; or(3) A securities intermediary acting on behalf of the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate, only if the certificate is in registered form and is (i) registered in the name of the purchaser, (ii) payable to the order of the purchaser, or (iii) specially endorsed to the purchaser by an effective endorsement and has not been endorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank.(b) Delivery of an uncertificated security to a purchaser occurs when:(1) The issuer registers the purchaser as the registered owner, upon original issue or registration of transfer; or(2) Another person, other than a securities intermediary, either becomes the registered owner of the uncertificated security on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously become the registered owner, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-301; P.A. 79-435, S. 16; P.A 97-182, S. 27; P.A. 01-132, S. 149.)History: P.A. 79-435 made provisions of Subsec. (1) conditional re Secs. 42a-8-313 and 42a-8-302, deleting former provisions which had limited provisions with respect to purchasers party to fraud or illegality or who, as prior holders, had notice of adverse claim, deleted Subsec. (2) which had granted bona fide purchaser acquisition of security free of adverse claim, renumbered former Subsec. (3) as Subsec. (2), substituting “transferee” for “purchaser” and stating that creation or release of security interest is transfer of a limited interest; P.A. 97-182 entirely replaced former provisions re rights in a security acquired by a purchaser with provisions re when the delivery of a security occurs, a restatement in part of Sec. 42a-8-313(1), revised to 1997; P.A. 01-132 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (3)(i) re condition that the certificate is registered in the name of the purchaser, add Subdiv. (3)(ii) re condition that the certificate is payable to the order of the purchaser and designate existing condition re special endorsement as Subdiv. (3)(iii) and amend to add condition that the certificate has not been endorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank.See Sec. 42a-8-302(a) and (b) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-301, revised to 1997, re rights in a security acquired by a purchaser.Former section cited. 16 CS 269.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-302 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-302 - Rights of purchaser.

 (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security acquires all rights in the security that the transferor had or had power to transfer.(b) A purchaser of a limited interest acquires rights only to the extent of the interest purchased.(c) A purchaser of a certificated security who as a previous holder had notice of an adverse claim does not improve its position by taking from a protected purchaser.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-302; P.A. 79-435, S. 17; P.A. 90-230, S. 56, 101; P.A. 97-182, S. 28; P.A. 01-132, S. 150.)History: P.A. 79-435 applied previous provisions to certificated securities, adding provisions re uncertificated securities, and added Subsecs. (2) to (4) containing provisions formerly found in Sec. 42a-8-301; P.A. 90-230 corrected an internal reference; P.A. 97-182 replaced former Subsecs. (1) to (3), inclusive, defining “bona fide purchaser” and “adverse claim” and specifying the interest in a security acquired by a bona fide purchaser with Subsecs. (a) and (b) re rights in a security acquired by a purchaser, a restatement of Sec. 42a-8-301, revised to 1997, and redesignated former Subsec. (4) as Subsec. (c) and amended said Subsec. by deleting provision re a transferee who has been a party to any fraud or illegality affecting the security; P.A. 01-132 amended Subsec. (a) to delete provisions that the purchaser's acquisition of the transferor's rights occurs “upon delivery” of the security to the purchaser.See Sec. 42a-8-303(a) and (b) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-302(1) and (3), respectively, revised to 1997, re definition of “bona fide purchaser” and the interest in a security acquired by a bona fide purchaser.See Sec. 42a-8-102(a)(1) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-302(2), revised to 1997, re definition of “adverse claim”.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-303 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-303 - Protected purchaser.

 (a) “Protected purchaser” means a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security, or of an interest therein, who:(1) Gives value;(2) Does not have notice of any adverse claim to the security; and(3) Obtains control of the certificated or uncertificated security.(b) In addition to acquiring the rights of a purchaser, a protected purchaser also acquires its interest in the security free of any adverse claim.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-303; P.A. 79-435, S. 18; P.A. 97-182, S. 29.)History: P.A. 79-435 made technical corrections; P.A. 97-182 entirely replaced former provisions defining “broker” with provisions defining “protected purchaser” and specifying that the interest in a security acquired by a protected purchaser is free of any adverse claim, a restatement of Sec. 42a-8-302(1) and (3), revised to 1997.See Sec. 42a-8-102(a)(3) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-303, revised to 1997, re definition of “broker”.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-304 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-304 - Endorsement.

 (a) An endorsement may be in blank or special. An endorsement in blank includes an endorsement to bearer. A special endorsement specifies to whom a security is to be transferred or who has power to transfer it. A holder may convert a blank endorsement to a special endorsement.(b) An endorsement purporting to be only of part of a security certificate representing units intended by the issuer to be separately transferable is effective to the extent of the endorsement.(c) An endorsement, whether special or in blank, does not constitute a transfer until delivery of the certificate on which it appears or, if the endorsement is on a separate document, until delivery of both the document and the certificate.(d) If a security certificate in registered form has been delivered to a purchaser without a necessary endorsement, the purchaser may become a protected purchaser only when the endorsement is supplied. However, against a transferor, a transfer is complete upon delivery and the purchaser has a specifically enforceable right to have any necessary endorsement supplied.(e) An endorsement of a security certificate in bearer form may give notice of an adverse claim to the certificate, but it does not otherwise affect a right to registration that the holder possesses.(f) Unless otherwise agreed, a person making an endorsement assumes only the obligations provided in section 42a-8-108, and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-304; P.A. 79-435, S. 19; P.A. 97-182, S. 30; P.A. 98-93, S. 5, 15.)History: P.A. 79-435 applied existing Subsec. (1) to certificated securities, inserted new Subsec. (2) and renumbered former Subsec. (2) as Subsec. (3) specifying purchasers of “certificated or uncertificated” securities and “constructive” notice of adverse claims; P.A. 97-182 entirely replaced former provisions re when a purchaser is charged with notice of adverse claims with provisions re endorsement, a restatement of Secs. 42a-8-307, 42a-8-308(2), (3) and (9), 42a-8-309 and 42a-8-310, revised to 1997; P.A. 98-93 amended Subsec. (f) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 1998.See Sec. 42a-8-105(b) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-304(3), revised to 1997, re duty of inquiry into rightfulness of a transaction.See Sec. 42a-8-105(d) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-304(1), revised to 1997, re when a purchaser of a certificated security has notice of an adverse claim.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-305 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-305 - Instruction.

 (a) If an instruction has been originated by an appropriate person but is incomplete in any other respect, any person may complete it as authorized and the issuer may rely on it as completed, even though it has been completed incorrectly.(b) Unless otherwise agreed, a person initiating an instruction assumes only the obligations imposed by section 42a-8-108, and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-305; P.A. 79-435, S. 20; P.A. 97-182, S. 31; P.A. 98-93, S. 6, 15.)History: P.A. 79-435 specified applicability of provisions to “certificated” securities and substituted “transfer” for “purchase”; P.A. 97-182 entirely replaced former provisions re “staleness” as notice of adverse claims with provisions re an instruction, a restatement in part of Sec. 42a-8-308(5) and (9), revised to 1997; P.A. 98-93 amended Subsec. (b) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 1998.See Sec. 42a-8-105(c) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-305, revised to 1997, re “staleness” as notice of adverse claims.
CT Gen Stat § 42a-8-307 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 42a - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 8 - Investment Securities|Section 42a-8-307 - Purchaser's right to requisites for registration of transfer.

 Unless otherwise agreed, the transferor of a security on due demand shall supply the purchaser with proof of authority to transfer or with any other requisite necessary to obtain registration of the transfer of the security, but if the transfer is not for value, a transferor need not comply unless the purchaser pays the necessary expenses. If the transferor fails within a reasonable time to comply with the demand, the purchaser may reject or rescind the transfer.(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-307; P.A. 79-435, S. 22; P.A. 97-182, S. 33.)History: P.A. 79-435 specified applicability to “certificated” securities; P.A. 97-182 entirely replaced former provisions re effect of delivery without endorsement and the right of the purchaser to compel endorsement with provisions re the right of the purchaser to demand that the transferor supply requisites necessary to obtain registration of the transfer, a restatement of Sec. 42a-8-316, revised to 1997.See Sec. 42a-8-304(d) for successor provisions to Sec. 42a-8-307, revised to 1997, re effect of delivery without endorsement and the right of the purchaser to compel endorsement.