reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NC Gen Stat § 1-113 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 10 - Joint and Several Debtors.|§ 1-113 - Defendants jointly or severally liable.

 1-113. Defendants jointly or severally liable.Where the action is against two or more defendants, and the summons is served on one or more, but not on all of them, the plaintiff may proceed as follows:(1) If the action is against defendants jointly indebted upon contract, he may proceed against the defendants served, unless the court otherwise directs, and if he recovers judgment it may be entered against all the defendants thus jointly indebted, so far only as that it may be enforced against the joint property of all and the separate property of the defendants served, and if they are subject to arrest, against the persons of the defendants served.(2) If the action is against defendants severally liable, he may proceed against the defendants served, in the same manner as if they were the only defendants.(3) If all the defendants have been served, judgment may be taken against any or either of them severally, when the plaintiff would be entitled to judgment against such defendant or defendants if the action has been against them or any of them alone.(4) If the name of one or more partners has, for any cause, been omitted in an action in which judgment has been rendered against the defendants named in the summons, and the omission was not pleaded in action, the plaintiff, in case the judgment remains unsatisfied, may by action recover of such partner separately, upon proving his joint liability, notwithstanding he was not named in the original action; but the plaintiff may have satisfaction of only one judgment rendered for the same cause of action. (C.C.P., s. 87; Code, s. 222; Rev., s. 455; C.S., s. 497.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-114 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 10 - Joint and Several Debtors.|§ 1-114 - Summoned after judgment; defense.

 1-114. Summoned after judgment; defense.When a judgment is recovered against one or more of several persons jointly indebted upon a contract in accordance with the preceding section [ 1-113], those who were not originally summoned to answer the complaint may be summoned to show cause why they should not be bound by the judgment, in the same manner as if they had been originally summoned. A party so summoned may answer within the time specified denying the judgment, or setting up any defense thereto which has arisen subsequent to such judgment; and may make any defense which he might have made to the action if the summons had been served on him originally. (C.C.P., ss. 318, 322; Code, ss. 223, 224; Rev., ss. 456, 457; C.S., s. 498.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-116 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-116 - Filing of notice of suit.

 1-116. Filing of notice of suit.(a) Any person desiring the benefit of constructive notice of pending litigation must file a separate, independent notice thereof, which notice shall be cross-indexed in accordance with G.S. 1-117, in all of the following cases:(1) Actions affecting title to real property.(2) Actions to foreclose any mortgage or deed of trust or to enforce any lien on real property.(3) Actions in which any order of attachment is issued and real property is attached.(4) Actions seeking injunctive relief under G.S. 113A-64.1 or G.S. 113A-65 regarding sedimentation and erosion control for any land-disturbing activity that is subject to the requirements of Article 4 of Chapter 113A of the General Statutes.(5) Actions for asset freezing or seizure under G.S. 14-112.3.(b) Notice of pending litigation shall contain:(1) The name of the court in which the action has been commenced or is pending;(2) The names of the parties to the action;(3) The nature and purpose of the action; and(4) A description of the property to be affected thereby.(c) Notice of pending litigation may be filed:(1) At or any time after the commencement of an action pursuant to Rule 3 of the Rules of Civil Procedure; or(2) At or any time after real property has been attached; or(3) At or any time after the filing of an answer or other pleading in which the pleading party states an affirmative claim for relief falling within the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.(d) Notice of pending litigation must be filed with the clerk of the superior court of each county in which any part of the real estate is located, not excepting the county in which the action is pending, in order to be effective against bona fide purchasers or lien creditors with respect to the real property located in such county.  (C.C.P., s. 90; Code, s. 229; Rev., s. 460; 1917, c. 106; C.S., s. 500; 1949, c. 260; 1959, c. 1163, s. 1; 1967, c. 954, s. 3; 2009-269, s. 1; 2015-182, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-116.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-116.1 - Service of notice.

 1-116.1. Service of notice.In all actions as defined in G.S. 1-116 in which notice of pendency of the action is filed, a copy of such notice shall be served on the other party or parties as follows:(1) If filed by the plaintiff at or after service of summons but before the filing of the complaint, service shall be in the manner provided in Rule 4 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for service of summons.(2) If filed by the plaintiff at or after the filing of the complaint, service shall be in the same manner as the complaint.(3) All other such notices shall be served in the manner provided in Rule 5 of the Rules of Civil Procedure. (1949, c. 260; 1967, c. 954, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-117 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-117 - Cross-index of lis pendens.

 1-117. Cross-index of lis pendens.Every notice of pending litigation filed under this Article shall be cross-indexed by the clerk of the superior court in a record, called the "Record of Lis Pendens," to be kept by the clerk under G.S. 7A-109.  (1903, c. 472; Rev., s. 464; 1919, c. 31; C.S., s. 501; 1959, c. 1163, s. 2; 2017-102, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-118 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-118 - Effect on subsequent purchasers.

 1-118. Effect on subsequent purchasers.From the cross-indexing of the notice of lis pendens only is the pendency of the action constructive notice to a purchaser or incumbrancer of the property affected thereby; and every person whose conveyance or incumbrance is subsequently executed or subsequently registered is a subsequent purchaser or incumbrancer, and is bound by all proceedings taken after the cross-indexing of the notice to the same extent as if he were made a party to the action. For the purposes of this section an action is pending from the time of cross-indexing the notice. (C.C.P., s. 90; Code, s. 229; Rev., s. 462; 1919, c. 31; C.S., s. 502.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-119 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-119 - Notice void unless action prosecuted.

 1-119. Notice void unless action prosecuted.(a) The notice of lis pendens is of no avail unless it is followed by the first publication of notice of the summons or by an affidavit therefor pursuant to Rule 4 (j)(1)c of the Rules of Civil Procedure or by personal service on the defendant within 60 days after the cross-indexing.(b) When an action is commenced by the issuance of summons and permission is granted to file the complaint within 20 days, pursuant to Rule 3 of the Rules of Civil Procedure, if the complaint is not filed within the time fixed by the order of the clerk, the notice of lis pendens shall become inoperative and of no effect. The clerk may on his own motion and shall on the ex parte application of any interested party cancel such notice of lis pendens by appropriate entry on the records, which entry shall recite the failure of the plaintiff to file his complaint within the time allowed. Such applications for cancellation, when made in a county other than that in which the action was instituted, shall include a certificate over the hand and seal of the clerk of the county in which the action was instituted that the plaintiff did not file his complaint within the time allowed. The fees of the clerk may be recovered against the plaintiff and his surety.(c) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section, a notice of lis pendens filed pursuant to G.S. 1-116(a)(5) shall remain effective until the order to freeze or seize assets under G.S. 14-112.3(b1)(3) is terminated or an order directing the sale of real property under G.S. 14-112.3(e1)(1)c. is entered. Notice of lis pendens filed pursuant to G.S. 1-116(5) shall be exempt from filing fees.  (C.C.P., s. 90; Code, s. 229; Rev., s. 461; 1919, c. 31; C.S., s. 503; 1967, c. 954, s. 3; 2015-182, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-120 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-120 - Cancellation of notice.

 1-120. Cancellation of notice.The court in which the said action was commenced may, at any time after it is settled, discontinued or abated, on application of any person aggrieved, on good cause shown, and on such notice as is directed or approved by the court, order the notice authorized by this Article to be cancelled of record, by the clerk of any county in whose office the same has been filed or recorded; and this cancellation must be made by an endorsement to that effect on the margin of the record, which shall refer to the order. (C.C.P., s. 90; Code, s. 229; Rev., s. 463; C.S., s. 504.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-120.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-120.1 - Article applicable to suits in federal courts.

 1-120.1. Article applicable to suits in federal courts.The provisions of this Article shall apply to suits affecting the title to real property in the federal courts. (1945, c. 857.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-120.2 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 11 - Lis Pendens.|§ 1-120.2 - Filing of notice by cities and counties in certain cases.

 1-120.2. Filing of notice by cities and counties in certain cases.The governing body of a city or county may, by ordinance under Article 11 of Chapter 160D of the General Statutes relating to building inspection, or Article 12 of Chapter 160D of the General Statutes relating to minimum housing standards, provide that upon the issuance of a complaint and notice of hearing or order pursuant to it, a notice of lis pendens, with a copy of the complaint and notice of hearing or order attached to it, may be filed in the office of the clerk of superior court of the county where the property is located. When a notice of lis pendens and a copy of the complaint and notice of hearing or order is filed with the clerk of superior court, it shall be indexed and cross-indexed in accordance with the indexing procedures of G.S. 1-117. From the date and time of indexing, the complaint and notice of hearing or order is binding upon the successors and assigns of the owners of and parties in interest in the building or dwelling. A copy of the notice of lis pendens shall be served upon the owners and parties in interest in the building or dwelling at the time of filing in accordance with G.S. 160D-1121 and G.S. 160D-1206. The notice of lis pendens remains in full force and effect until cancelled. The ordinance may authorize the cancellation of the notice of lis pendens under certain circumstances. Upon receipt of notice from the city, the clerk of superior court shall cancel the notice of lis pendens.  (1995, c. 158, s. 1; 2021-88, s. 1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 1-139 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 15 - Answer.|§ 1-139 - Burden of proof of contributory negligence.

 1-139. Burden of proof of contributory negligence.A party asserting the defense of contributory negligence has the burden of proof of such defense. (1887, c. 33; Rev., s. 483; C.S., s. 523; 1967, c. 954, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-148 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 17 - Pleadings, General Provisions.|§ 1-148 - Verification before what officer.

 1-148. Verification before what officer.Any officer competent to take the acknowledgment of deeds, and any judge or clerk of the General Court of Justice, notary public, in or out of the State, or magistrate, is competent to take affidavits for the verification of pleadings, in any court or county in the State, and for general purposes. (C.C.P., s. 117; 1868-9, c. 159, s. 7; Code, s. 258; 1891, c. 140; Rev., s. 492; C.S., s. 532; 1971, c. 268, s. 5.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-149 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 17 - Pleadings, General Provisions.|§ 1-149 - When verification omitted; use in criminal prosecutions.

 1-149. When verification omitted; use in criminal prosecutions.The verification may be omitted when an admission of the truth of the allegation might subject the party to prosecution for felony. No pleading can be used in a criminal prosecution against the party as proof of a fact admitted or alleged in it. (C.C.P., s. 117; 1868-9, c. 159, s. 7; Code, s. 258; Rev., s. 493; C.S., s. 533.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-164 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 18 - Amendments.|§ 1-164 - Amendment changing nature of action or relief; effect.

 1-164. Amendment changing nature of action or relief; effect.When the complaint is so amended as to change the nature of the action and the character of the relief demanded, the judgment rendered does not operate as an estoppel upon any person acquiring an interest in the property in controversy prior to the allowance of the amendment. (1901, c. 486; Rev., s. 508; C.S., s. 548.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-166 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 18 - Amendments.|§ 1-166 - Defendant sued in fictitious name; amendment.

 1-166. Defendant sued in fictitious name; amendment.When the plaintiff is ignorant of the name of a defendant the latter may be designated in a pleading or proceeding by any name; and when his true name is discovered, the pleading or proceeding may be amended accordingly. (C.C.P., s. 134; Code, s. 275; Rev., s. 510; C.S., s. 550.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-180.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 19 - Trial.|§ 1-180.1 - Judge not to comment on verdict.

 1-180.1. Judge not to comment on verdict.In criminal actions the presiding judge shall make no comment in open court in the presence or hearing of all, or any member or members, of the panel of jurors drawn or summoned for jury duty at any session of court, upon any verdict rendered at such session of court, and if any presiding judge shall make any comment as herein prohibited, or shall praise or criticize any jury on account of its verdict, whether such comment, praise or criticism be made inadvertently or intentionally, such praise, criticism or comment by the judge shall constitute valid grounds as a matter of right, for the continuance for the session of any action remaining to be tried during that week at such session of court, upon motion of a defendant or upon motion of the State. The provisions of this section shall not be applicable upon the hearing of motions for a new trial, motions to set aside the verdict of a jury, or a motion made in arrest of judgment. (1955, c. 200; 1967, c. 954, s. 3; 1971, c. 381, s. 12.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-181 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 19 - Trial.|§ 1-181 - Requests for special instructions.

 1-181. Requests for special instructions.(a) Requests for special instructions to the jury must be - (1) In writing,(2) Entitled in the cause, and(3) Signed by counsel submitting them.(b) Such requests for special instructions must be submitted to the trial judge before the judge's charge to the jury is begun. However, the judge may, in his discretion, consider such requests regardless of the time they are made.(c) Written requests for special instructions shall, after their submission to the judge, be filed as a part of the record of the same. (C.C.P., s. 239; Code, s. 415; Rev., s. 538; C.S., s. 565; 1951, c. 837, s. 6.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-181.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 19 - Trial.|§ 1-181.1 - View by jury.

 1-181.1. View by jury.The judge presiding at the trial of any action or proceeding involving the exercise of the right of eminent domain, or the condemnation of real property may, in his discretion, permit the jury to view the property which is the subject of condemnation. (1965, c. 138.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-181.2 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 19 - Trial.|§ 1-181.2 - Use of evidence by the jury.

 1-181.2. Use of evidence by the jury.(a) If the jury in a civil action after retiring for deliberation requests a review of certain testimony or other evidence, the jurors must be conducted to the courtroom. The court in its discretion, after notice to the parties and giving the parties an opportunity to be heard, may direct that requested parts of the testimony be read to the jury and may permit the jury to reexamine in open court the requested materials admitted into evidence. The court in its discretion may also have the jury review other evidence relating to the same factual issue so as not to give undue prominence to the evidence requested.(b) Upon request by the jury, the court may in its discretion and after permitting the parties an opportunity to be heard permit the jury to take into the jury room admitted exhibits which have been passed to the jury, photographs admitted into evidence and shown to the jury and used by any witnesses in their testimony before the jury, and any illustrative exhibits admitted into evidence and used by any witnesses in their testimony before the jury. Summaries of testimony prepared in the courtroom by any party, lists made by any party in the courtroom and such similar documents shall not be sent to the jury room with the jury, even if admitted into evidence and requested by the jury. Depositions may be taken into the jury room upon request of the jury only with consent of the parties.(c) Upon request by the jury, the court may permit the jury to take into the jury room any exhibit that all parties stipulate and agree may be taken into the jury room.(d) In sending any exhibits to the jury, the court should ensure that the evidentiary integrity of the exhibit is preserved. (2007-407, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-183.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 19 - Trial.|§ 1-183.1 - Effect on counterclaim of dismissal as to plaintiff's claim.

 1-183.1. Effect on counterclaim of dismissal as to plaintiff's claim.The granting of a motion by the defendant for judgment of dismissal as to the plaintiff's cause of action shall not amount to the taking of a voluntary dismissal on any counterclaim which the defendant was required or permitted to plead pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 13. (1959, c. 77; 1971, c. 1093, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-186 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 19 - Trial.|§ 1-186 - Exceptions to decision of court.

 1-186. Exceptions to decision of court.(a) For the purposes of an appeal, either party may except to a decision on a matter of law arising upon a trial by the court within 10 days after the judgment, in the same manner and with the same effect as upon a trial by jury. Where the decision does not authorize a final judgment, but directs further proceedings before a referee or otherwise, either party may except thereto, and make a case or exception as above provided in case of an appeal.(b) Either party desiring a review, upon the evidence appearing on the trial of the questions of law, may at any time within 10 days after the judgment, or within such time as is prescribed by the rules of the court, make a case or exceptions in like manner as upon a trial by jury, except that the judge in settling the case must briefly specify the facts found by him, and his conclusions of law. (C.C.P., s. 242; Code, s. 418; Rev., s. 542; C.S., s. 570.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-202 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 22 - Verdict and Exceptions.|§ 1-202 - Special controls general.

 1-202. Special controls general.Where a special finding of facts is inconsistent with the general verdict, the former controls, and the court shall give judgment accordingly. (C.C.P., s. 234; Code, s. 410; Rev., s. 552; C.S., s. 586.)
NC Gen Stat § 1-208.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 1 - Civil Procedure|Article 23 - Judgment.|§ 1-208.1 - Judgment docket, judgment and docket book defined.

 1-208.1. Judgment docket, judgment and docket book defined.As used in this Chapter, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the phrases "judgment docket", "judgment book", "docket book", and "judgment and docket book" include, without limitation, all records created or maintained by the clerk of superior court, pursuant to rules prescribed by the Director of the Administrative Office of the Courts pursuant to G.S. 7A-109, by the use of an electronic data entry system established by the Director pursuant to G.S. 7A-343. (1991, c. 167, s. 1.)