reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
IA Code § 321.431 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.431 - Performance ability.

321.431 Performance ability.   1. The service brakes upon any motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles, when upon dry asphalt or concrete pavement surface free from loose material where the grade does not exceed one percent, when traveling twenty miles per hour shall be adequate:   a. To stop such vehicle or vehicles having a gross weight of less than five thousand pounds within a distance of thirty feet.   b. To stop such vehicle or vehicles having a gross weight in excess of five thousand pounds within a distance of forty-five feet.   2. Under the conditions specified in subsection 1, the hand brake shall be adequate to hold the vehicle or vehicles stationary on any grade upon which operated.   3. Under the conditions specified in subsection 1, the service brakes upon a motor vehicle equipped with two-wheel brakes only, and when permitted under this section, shall be adequate to stop the vehicle within a distance of forty-five feet and the hand brake adequate to stop the vehicle within a distance of fifty-five feet.   4. All braking distances specified in this section shall apply to all vehicles mentioned, whether such vehicles are not loaded or are loaded to the maximum capacity permitted under this chapter.   5. All brakes shall be maintained in good working order and shall be so adjusted as to operate as equally as practicable with respect to the wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle.   6. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 3, paragraph “ad”.  [S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5039; C39, §5034.40; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.431]  2010 Acts, ch 1140, §14; 2019 Acts, ch 24, §45; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §151; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §41, 93  Referred to in §321.189, 321.430, 321.464, 805.8A(3)(ad)  2020 amendment to subsection 6 effective July 15, 2020; 2020 Acts, ch 1074, §93  Subsections 2, 3, and 6 amended
IA Code § 321.432 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.432 - Horns and warning devices.

321.432 Horns and warning devices.   Every motor vehicle when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with a horn in good working order and capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than two hundred feet, but no horn or other warning device shall emit an unreasonably loud or harsh sound or a whistle. The driver of a motor vehicle shall when reasonably necessary to insure safe operation give audible warning with the horn but shall not otherwise use such horn when upon a highway.  [S13, §1571-m17; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5040, 5041; C39, §5034.41; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.432]  Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ae)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.433 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.433 - Sirens, whistles, and bells prohibited.

321.433 Sirens, whistles, and bells prohibited.   A vehicle shall not be equipped with and a person shall not use upon a vehicle any siren, whistle, or bell, except as otherwise permitted in this section. It is permissible but not required that any commercial vehicle be equipped with a theft alarm signal device which is so arranged that it cannot be used by the driver as an ordinary warning signal. Any authorized emergency vehicle may be equipped with a siren, whistle, or bell capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than five hundred feet, but the siren, whistle, or bell shall not be used except when the vehicle is operated in response to an emergency call or in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, and the driver of the vehicle shall sound the siren, whistle, or bell when necessary to warn pedestrians and other drivers of the approach of the vehicle.  [C39, §5034.42; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.433]  98 Acts, ch 1080, §4  Referred to in §321.231, 805.8A(3)(af)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.434 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.434 - Bicycle sirens or whistles.

321.434 Bicycle sirens or whistles.   A bicycle shall not be equipped with and a person shall not use upon a bicycle any siren or whistle. This section shall not apply to bicycles ridden by peace officers in the line of duty.  [C39, §5034.43; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.434]  97 Acts, ch 71, §4  Referred to in §805.8A(9)(k)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 9
IA Code § 321.435 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.435 - Motorcycles equipped with detachable stabilizing wheels.

321.435 Motorcycles equipped with detachable stabilizing wheels.   Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a motor vehicle that is originally designed as a two-wheeled motorcycle and is modified using conversion hardware which allows for the attachment and detachment of two stabilizing rear wheels may be operated on a highway with the stabilizing wheels attached in accordance with the provisions of this chapter applicable to motorcycles. A motorcycle shall not be determined to be reconstructed based on the sole fact that two stabilizing wheels have been added as described in this section.  2011 Acts, ch 15, §1
IA Code § 321.436 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.436 - Mufflers, prevention of noise.

321.436 Mufflers, prevention of noise.   Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with a muffler in good working order and in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise and annoying smoke, and no person shall use a muffler cutout, bypass or similar device upon a motor vehicle on a highway.  [S13, §1571-m18; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5061 – 5063; C39, §5034.45; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.436]  Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ag)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.437 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.437 - Mirrors.

321.437 Mirrors.   1. Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a mirror so located as to reflect to the driver a view of the highway for a distance of at least two hundred feet to the rear of such vehicle. Any motor vehicle so loaded, or towing another vehicle in such manner, as to obstruct the view in a rear view mirror located in the driver’s compartment shall be equipped with a side mirror so located that the view to the rear will not be obstructed; however, when such vehicle is not loaded or towing another vehicle the side mirrors shall be retracted or removed. All van or van type motor vehicles shall be equipped with outside mirrors of unit magnification, each with not less than nineteen point five square inches of reflective surface, installed with stable supports on both sides of the vehicle, located so as to provide the driver a view to the rear along both sides of the vehicle, and adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical directions to view the rearward scene.   2. Notwithstanding this chapter or chapter 321E, a combination of vehicles coupled together which is used exclusively for the transportation of passenger vehicles, light delivery trucks, panel delivery trucks, pickups, boats, and recreational chassis, may permanently attach a convex-type mirror on either or both of the vertical supports, forward of the steering axle of the power unit, provided that the mirror shall not extend beyond the limit of any other rearview mirror on the vehicle.  [C31, 35, §5105-c20; C39, §5034.46; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.437]  86 Acts, ch 1210, §5  Referred to in §805.8A(12)(b)  For applicable scheduled fines, see §805.8A, subsection 12, paragraph b
IA Code § 321.438 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.438 - Windshields and windows.

321.438 Windshields and windows.   1. A person shall not drive a motor vehicle equipped with a windshield, sidewings, or side or rear windows which do not permit clear vision.   2. A person shall not operate on the highway a motor vehicle equipped with a front windshield, a side window to the immediate right or left of the driver, or a side-wing forward of and to the left or right of the driver which is excessively dark or reflective so that it is difficult for a person outside the motor vehicle to see into the motor vehicle through the windshield, window, or sidewing. The department shall adopt rules establishing a minimum measurable standard of transparency which shall apply to violations of this subsection.   3. Every motor vehicle except a motorcycle, or a vehicle included in the provisions of section 321.383 or section 321.115 shall be equipped with a windshield in accordance with section 321.444.  [C39, §5034.47; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.438]  83 Acts, ch 125, §5  Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ah)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.439 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.439 - Windshield wipers.

321.439 Windshield wipers.   The windshield on every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a device for cleaning rain, snow, or other moisture from the windshield, which device shall be so constructed as to be controlled or operated by the driver of the vehicle.  [C39, §5034.48; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.439]  Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ai)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.440 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.440 - Restrictions as to tire equipment.

321.440 Restrictions as to tire equipment.   1. Every solid rubber tire on a vehicle shall have rubber on its entire traction surface at least one inch thick above the edge of the flange of the entire periphery. Any pneumatic tire on a vehicle shall be considered unsafe if it has:   a. Any part of the ply or cord exposed.   b. Any bump, bulge or separation.   c. A tread design depth of less than one-sixteenth of an inch measured in any two or more adjacent tread grooves, exclusive of tie bars or, for those tires with tread wear indicators, worn to the level of the tread wear indicators in any two tread grooves.   d. A marking “not for highway use”, “for racing purposes only”, “unsafe for highway use”.   e. Tread or sidewall cracks, cuts or snags deep enough to expose the body cord.   f. Such other conditions as may be reasonably demonstrated to render it unsafe.   g. Been regrooved or recut below the original tread design depth, excepting special tires which have extra under tread rubber and are identified as such, or if a pneumatic tire was originally designed without grooves or tread.   2. A vehicle, except an implement of husbandry, equipped with either solid rubber or pneumatic tires shall not be operated where the weight per inch of tire width is greater than five hundred seventy-five pounds per inch of tire width based on the tire width rating, except on a steering axle, in which case six hundred pounds per inch of tire width is permitted based on the tire width rating.  [C31, 35, §5065-c1; C39, §5034.49; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.440]  97 Acts, ch 100, §2, 3, 12; 2014 Acts, ch 1026, §78  Referred to in §805.8A(3)(aj)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.441 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.441 - Metal tires prohibited.

321.441 Metal tires prohibited.   No person shall operate or move on a paved highway any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer having any metal tire or metal track in contact with the roadway.  [C24, 27, 31, 35, §4918, 4919; C39, §5034.50; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.441]  Referred to in §805.8A(3)(ak)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.442 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.442 - Projections on wheels.

321.442 Projections on wheels.   No tire on a vehicle moved on a highway shall have on its periphery any block, stud, flange, cleat, or spike or any other protuberances of any material other than rubber which projects beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire except that it shall be permissible to use:   1. Farm machinery with tires having protuberances which will not injure the highway.   2. Tire chains of reasonable proportions upon any vehicle when required for safety because of snow, ice, or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to skid.   3. Pneumatic tires with inserted ice grips or tire studs projecting not more than one-sixteenth inch beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire upon any vehicle from November 1 of each year to April 1 of the following year, except that a school bus and fire department emergency apparatus may use such tires at any time.  [S13, §1571-1a; C24, 27, 31, 35, §5068, 5070; C39, §5034.51; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.442]  Referred to in §805.8A(3)(al)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.443 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.443 - Exceptions.

321.443 Exceptions.   The department and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions shall review any application for a special permit and may, with good cause being shown, issue special permits authorizing the operation upon a highway of traction engines or tractors having movable tracks with transverse corrugations upon the periphery of such movable tracks or farm tractors or other farm machinery, the operation of which upon a highway would otherwise be prohibited under this chapter.  [C24, 27, 31, 35, §5069; C39, §5034.52; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.443]
IA Code § 321.444 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.444 - Safety glass.

321.444 Safety glass.   1. No person shall sell any new motor vehicle nor shall any motor vehicle, manufactured since July 1, 1935, be registered, or operated unless such vehicle is equipped with safety glass wherever glass is used in doors, windows, and windshields. Replacements of glass in doors, windows, or windshields shall be of safety glass.   2. “Safety glass” means any product composed of glass, so manufactured, fabricated, or treated as substantially to prevent shattering and flying of the glass when struck or broken. Safety glass and glazing materials shall comply with federal motor vehicle safety standard number 205 as published in  49 C.F.R. §571.205  .  [C35, §4991-f1, -f4; C39, §5034.53, 5034.54, 5034.55; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §321.444, 321.445, 321.446; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.444]  97 Acts, ch 108, §25; 98 Acts, ch 1080, §5  Referred to in §321.438, 805.8A(3)(am)  For applicable scheduled fine, see §805.8A, subsection 3
IA Code § 321.449A (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.449A - Rail crew transport drivers.

321.449A Rail crew transport drivers.   1. A driver of a motor vehicle operated for hire which is designed to transport seven or more persons but fewer than sixteen persons including the driver and is used to transport railroad workers to or from their places of employment or during the course of their employment is subject to the following limitations:   a. The driver shall not drive such a vehicle more than ten hours following eight consecutive hours of uninterrupted rest.   b. The driver shall not drive such a vehicle for any period after having been on duty for fifteen hours following eight consecutive hours of uninterrupted rest.   c. The driver shall not accept a call for service from the driver’s employer during a period of uninterrupted rest.   2. For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:   a. “Employer” means a railroad worker transportation company, as defined in section 327F.39, for whom the driver performs a service, either for wages or as an independent contractor.   b. “On duty” means all time from the time a driver begins work or is required to be ready to work until the time the driver is relieved from work and all responsibility for performing work, whether or not the driver is compensated for all of the time. A driver may drive more than one assigned trip, as long as the trip falls within the on-duty period. A driver “begins work” when the driver enters a transport vehicle to begin a trip assignment and is not “relieved from work” until the driver has exited the transport vehicle for the final time.   c. “Uninterrupted rest” means that the employer shall not communicate with the driver by telephone, pager, or in any other manner that could reasonably be expected to disrupt the driver’s rest.   3. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 13, paragraph “b”.  2013 Acts, ch 47, §1  Referred to in §327F.39, 805.8A(13)(b)
IA Code § 321.449B (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.449B - Texting or using a mobile telephone while operating a commercial motor vehicle.

321.449B Texting or using a mobile telephone while operating a commercial motor vehicle.   1. a. A person subject to rules adopted by the department pursuant to section 321.449 shall not operate a commercial motor vehicle while engaged in texting as prohibited by  49 C.F.R. §392.80  , except in an emergency or as otherwise permitted under  49 C.F.R. §392.80  .   b. A person subject to rules adopted by the department pursuant to section 321.449 shall not operate a commercial motor vehicle while using a hand-held mobile telephone as prohibited by  49 C.F.R. §392.82  , except in an emergency or as otherwise permitted under  49 C.F.R. §392.82  .   2. a. A person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a simple misdemeanor punishable as a scheduled violation under section 805.8A, subsection 13, paragraph “b”.   b. A violation of this section shall be considered a moving violation for the purposes of this chapter and rules adopted pursuant to this chapter.   c. A conviction for a violation of this section shall be in lieu of a conviction for a violation of section 321.276 if the violations are based on the same facts and circumstances.  2018 Acts, ch 1017, §2  Referred to in §321.482A, 805.8A(13)(b)  Additional penalties for violations causing injury or death, see §321.482A
IA Code § 321.451 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.451 - Emergency vehicles — certificate of designation.

321.451 Emergency vehicles — certificate of designation.   1. The director or the director’s designee may designate a privately owned vehicle as an authorized emergency vehicle and issue a certificate of designation for the vehicle, upon written request being made on forms provided by the department and showing necessity for the designation. A certificate of designation may be issued for the following privately owned vehicles:   a. An ambulance or fire or rescue vehicle.   b. A state or county medical examiner vehicle.   c. A vehicle owned by a sheriff or full-time paid deputy sheriff if the authorized emergency vehicle designation is requested by the sheriff.   d. A vehicle owned by a chief of police or any officer of the police department if the authorized emergency vehicle designation is requested by the chief of police.   e. A vehicle owned by a chief of a full-time paid fire department if the authorized emergency vehicle designation is requested by the chief of the fire department.   f. A towing or recovery vehicle, subject to rules adopted by the department.   2. The application for a certificate of designation must include the name of the owner of the vehicle, vehicle identification information, a description of the vehicle’s equipment, and a description of how the vehicle will be used as an authorized emergency vehicle.   3. The certificate of designation shall at all times be carried with the registration receipt for the vehicle to which the certificate refers. The certificate may be revoked by the director upon a showing of abuse.  [C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.451]  85 Acts, ch 37, §3; 2000 Acts, ch 1133, §12; 2005 Acts, ch 8, §34, 35  Referred to in §321.1
IA Code § 321.452 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title VIII - TRANSPORTATION|Chapter 321 - MOTOR VEHICLES AND LAW OF THE ROAD|Section 321.452 - Scope and effect.

321.452 Scope and effect.   1. A person shall not drive or move, and the owner of such vehicle shall not cause or knowingly permit to be driven or moved, on any highway any vehicle or vehicles of a size or weight exceeding the limitations stated in this chapter, and the maximum size and weight of vehicles herein specified shall be lawful throughout this state, and local authorities shall have no power or authority to alter said limitations except as express authority is granted in this chapter.   2. A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor.  [C39, §5035.01; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §321.452]  2010 Acts, ch 1140, §15  Referred to in §321E.2