reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Ins Code § 544.502 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter K. Previous Denial of Health Benefit Plan Coverage|Section 544.502. Limitation on Certain Inquiries

Sec. 544.502.  LIMITATION ON CERTAIN INQUIRIES.  A health benefit plan issuer may ask an individual who is an applicant for an individual health benefit plan or any other person or entity whether the applicant has previously been denied health benefit plan coverage only for the purpose of determining whether to ask for other information relating to a factor used by the insurer in underwriting the coverage.  The insurer may not consider a determination that the applicant has or has not previously been denied health benefit plan coverage in underwriting the coverage for which the applicant has applied.|Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 748 (H.B. 2810), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005.Renumbered from Insurance Code, Section 544.302 by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 27.001(61), eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Ins Code § 544.503 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter K. Previous Denial of Health Benefit Plan Coverage|Section 544.503. Violation of Subchapter; Unfair Discrimination

Sec. 544.503.  VIOLATION OF SUBCHAPTER; UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION.  A health benefit plan issuer who violates this subchapter engages in unfair discrimination under Subchapter B.|Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 748 (H.B. 2810), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005.Renumbered from Insurance Code, Section 544.303 by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 27.001(61), eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Ins Code § 544.551 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter L. Consumer Inquiry|Section 544.551. Definition

Sec. 544.551.  DEFINITION.  In this subchapter, "consumer inquiry" has the meaning assigned by Section 551.113 for "customer inquiry."|Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 570 (S.B. 736), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Ins Code § 544.552 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter L. Consumer Inquiry|Section 544.552. Applicability

Sec. 544.552.  APPLICABILITY.  This subchapter applies only to:(1)  a standard fire, homeowners, or farm and ranch owners insurance policy, including such policies written by:(A)  a farm mutual insurance company;(B)  a county mutual insurance company;(C)  a Lloyd's plan; and(D)  a reciprocal or interinsurance exchange; or(2)  a personal automobile insurance policy, including a policy written by a county mutual insurance company.|Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 570 (S.B. 736), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013.Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 592 (S.B. 188), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015.Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1137 (S.B. 189), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015.Reenacted and amended by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 10.001, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Ins Code § 544.553 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter L. Consumer Inquiry|Section 544.553. Prohibition of Underwriting and Rating Decisions Based on Consumer Inquiry

Sec. 544.553.  PROHIBITION OF UNDERWRITING AND RATING DECISIONS BASED ON CONSUMER INQUIRY.  An insurer may not:(1)  use an underwriting guideline based solely on whether a consumer inquiry has been made by or on behalf of the applicant or insured; or(2)  charge a rate that is different from the rate charged to other individuals for the same coverage or increase a rate charged to an insured based solely on whether a consumer inquiry has been made by or on behalf of the applicant or insured.|Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 570 (S.B. 736), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013.|Subchapter M, consisting of Secs. 544.601 to 544.603, was added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 71 (H.B. 317), Sec. 2.For another Subchapter M, consisting of Secs. 544.601 to 544.604, added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 926 (H.B. 3433), Sec. 1, see Sec. 544.601 et seq., post.
TX Ins Code § 544.601 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter M. Living Organ Donors|Section 544.601. Definition

Sec. 544.601.  DEFINITION.  In this subchapter, "living organ donor" means a living individual who donates an organ to another individual.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 71 (H.B. 317), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Ins Code § 544.602 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter M. Living Organ Donors|Section 544.602. Applicability of Subchapter

Sec. 544.602.  APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER.  This subchapter applies only to a life insurance policy or contract, disability insurance policy, or long-term care insurance policy.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 71 (H.B. 317), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Ins Code § 544.603 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter M. Living Organ Donors|Section 544.603. Prohibitions

Sec. 544.603.  PROHIBITIONS.  (a) An insurer may not, based solely on the status of an individual as a living organ donor:(1)  deny coverage to the individual;(2)  refuse to renew the individual's coverage;(3)  cancel the individual's coverage;(4)  limit the amount, extent, or kind of coverage available to the individual; or(5)  charge the individual or a group to which the individual belongs a rate that is different than the rate charged to other individuals or groups, as applicable, for the same coverage unless the rate differential is based on sound actuarial principles or sound underwriting related to actual or anticipated loss experience for a particular risk.(b)  An insurer may not prevent an insured from donating all or part of an organ as a condition of continuing coverage.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 71 (H.B. 317), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.|Subchapter M, consisting of Secs. 544.601 to 544.604, was added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 926 (H.B. 3433), Sec. 1.For another Subchapter M, consisting of Secs. 544.601 to 544.603, added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 71 (H.B. 317), Sec. 2, see Sec. 544.601 et seq., post.
TX Ins Code § 544.601 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter M. Political Affiliation and Expression|Section 544.601. Applicability of Subchapter

Sec. 544.601.  APPLICABILITY OF SUBCHAPTER.  This subchapter applies to:(1)  any legal entity engaged in the business of insurance in this state, including:(A)  a capital stock insurance company;(B)  a mutual insurance company;(C)  a title insurance company;(D)  a fraternal benefit society;(E)  a local mutual aid association;(F)  a statewide mutual assessment company;(G)  a county mutual insurance company;(H)  a Lloyd's plan;(I)  a reciprocal or interinsurance exchange;(J)  a stipulated premium company;(K)  a group hospital service corporation;(L)  a farm mutual insurance company;(M)  a risk retention group;(N)  an eligible surplus lines insurer; and(O)  an agent, broker, adjuster, or life and health insurance counselor; and(2)  a health maintenance organization.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 926 (H.B. 3433), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Ins Code § 544.602 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter M. Political Affiliation and Expression|Section 544.602. Prohibition

Sec. 544.602.  PROHIBITION.  Except as provided by Section 544.603, a person may not refuse to insure or provide coverage to an individual, refuse to continue to insure or provide coverage to an individual, limit the amount, extent, or kind of coverage available for an individual, or charge an individual a rate that is different from the rate charged to other individuals for the same coverage because of the individual's political affiliation or expression.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 926 (H.B. 3433), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Ins Code § 544.603 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter M. Political Affiliation and Expression|Section 544.603. Exceptions

Sec. 544.603.  EXCEPTIONS.  A person does not violate Section 544.602 if the refusal, limitation, or charge is:(1)  based on sound underwriting or actuarial principles reasonably related to actual or anticipated loss experience; or(2)  required or authorized by law or a regulatory mandate.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 926 (H.B. 3433), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Ins Code § 544.604 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 544 - Prohibited Discrimination|Subchapter M. Political Affiliation and Expression|Section 544.604. Enforcement Actions

Sec. 544.604.  ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS.  (a) A health maintenance organization or legal entity engaged in the business of insurance that is found to be in violation of or to have failed to comply with this subchapter is subject to the sanctions provided by Chapter 82 or administrative penalties authorized under Chapter 84.(b)  In addition to the procedures provided by Subsection (a), the commissioner may use the cease and desist procedures authorized by Chapter 83.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 926 (H.B. 3433), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Ins Code § 545.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 545.001. Definitions

Sec. 545.001.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:(1)  "AIDS" has the meaning assigned by Section 81.101, Health and Safety Code.(2)  "Applicant" means an individual who applies to an issuer for coverage.(3)  "HIV" has the meaning assigned by Section 81.101, Health and Safety Code.(4)  "Issuer" means a person who delivers, issues for delivery, or renews coverage in this state, including a group policy, contract, or certificate of health insurance or evidence of coverage delivered, issued for delivery, or renewed in this state by an insurer, including a group hospital service corporation operating under Chapter 842, or by a health maintenance organization operating under Chapter 843.(5)  "Test result" means a statement:(A)  that an identifiable individual is positive, negative, at risk, or has or does not have a certain level of antigen or antibody;  or(B)  that indicates that an identifiable individual has or has not been tested for AIDS or HIV infection, antibodies to HIV, or infection with any other probable causative agent of AIDS.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 545.002. Exclusive Applicability

Sec. 545.002.  EXCLUSIVE APPLICABILITY.  This chapter and rules adopted under this chapter exclusively govern the practices of an issuer in testing applicants to determine or help determine if an applicant has:(1)  AIDS or HIV infection;(2)  antibodies to HIV;  or(3)  an infection with any other probable causative agent of AIDS.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 545.003. Rules

Sec. 545.003.  RULES.  The commissioner may adopt:(1)  reasonable rules and forms necessary to implement this chapter;  and(2)  rules to be followed for an HIV-related test requested or required by an issuer.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.051 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter B. Issuer Powers and Duties|Section 545.051. HIV-Related Testing Authorized

Sec. 545.051.  HIV-RELATED TESTING AUTHORIZED.  An issuer may request or require an applicant to take an HIV-related test in connection with the application.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.052 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter B. Issuer Powers and Duties|Section 545.052. Nondiscriminatory Basis Required

Sec. 545.052.  NONDISCRIMINATORY BASIS REQUIRED.  (a)  An issuer that requests or requires applicants to take an HIV-related test must request or require the test on a nondiscriminatory basis.(b)  An issuer may require an applicant to take an HIV-related test only if:(1)  the test is based on the applicant's current medical condition or medical history;  or(2)  underwriting guidelines for the coverage amounts require all applicants in the risk class to be tested.(c)  In determining who will be requested or required to take an HIV-related test, an issuer may not use the marital status, occupation, sex, beneficiary designation, or territorial classification, including zip code, of an applicant.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.053 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter B. Issuer Powers and Duties|Section 545.053. Explanation and Authorization Required

Sec. 545.053.  EXPLANATION AND AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED.  (a)  An issuer that requests or requires an applicant to take an HIV-related test in connection with an application must:(1)  provide an explanation to the applicant, or another person legally authorized to consent to the test, of how the test will be used;  and(2)  obtain a written authorization from the person to whom the explanation is provided.(b)  The authorization must:(1)  be on a form adopted by the commissioner;  and(2)  be separate from any other document presented to the applicant or other person legally authorized to consent to the test.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.054 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter B. Issuer Powers and Duties|Section 545.054. Inquiries Regarding Previous Tests

Sec. 545.054.  INQUIRIES REGARDING PREVIOUS TESTS.  (a)  An issuer may inquire whether an applicant has:(1)  tested positive on an HIV-related test;  or(2)  been diagnosed with HIV or AIDS.(b)  An issuer may not inquire whether an applicant has been tested for or has received a negative result from a specific test for:(1)  exposure to HIV;  or(2)  a sickness or a medical condition derived from infection with HIV.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.055 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter B. Issuer Powers and Duties|Section 545.055. Notice of Positive Test Result; Fee

Sec. 545.055.  NOTICE OF POSITIVE TEST RESULT;  FEE.  (a)  An applicant must be given written notice of a positive HIV-related test result by:(1)  a physician designated by the applicant;  or(2)  the Texas Department of Health, if the applicant has not designated a physician.(b)  The Texas Department of Health by rule may set a fee, not to exceed $25, to cover the cost of giving written notice under this section.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.056 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter B. Issuer Powers and Duties|Section 545.056. Adverse Underwriting Decision; Test Protocol Rules

Sec. 545.056.  ADVERSE UNDERWRITING DECISION;  TEST PROTOCOL RULES.  An issuer may not make an adverse underwriting decision based on a positive HIV-related test unless a test protocol established by commissioner rule is followed.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.057 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter B. Issuer Powers and Duties|Section 545.057. Confidentiality of Test Result Required

Sec. 545.057.  CONFIDENTIALITY OF TEST RESULT REQUIRED.  (a)  An HIV-related test result is confidential.(b)  An issuer may not release or disclose the test result or otherwise allow the test result to become known except as:(1)  required by law;  or(2)  requested or authorized in writing by the applicant or a person legally authorized to consent to the test on the applicant's behalf.(c)  A test result released under Subsection (b)(2) may be released only to:(1)  the applicant;(2)  a person legally authorized to consent to the test;(3)  a licensed physician, medical practitioner, or other person designated by the applicant;(4)  an insurance medical information exchange under procedures designed to ensure confidentiality, including the use of general codes that cover results of tests for other diseases or conditions not related to AIDS, or for the preparation of statistical reports that do not disclose the identity of any particular applicant;(5)  a reinsurer, if the reinsurer is involved in the underwriting process, under procedures designed to ensure confidentiality;(6)  persons within the issuer's organization who have the responsibility to make underwriting decisions for the issuer;  or(7)  outside legal counsel that needs the information to effectively represent the issuer regarding the applicant.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.701 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter O. Sanctions; Penalties; Injunctions|Section 545.701. Sanctions

Sec. 545.701.  SANCTIONS.  The commissioner may impose sanctions under Chapter 82 on an issuer that violates this chapter.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.702 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter O. Sanctions; Penalties; Injunctions|Section 545.702. Civil Action; Penalty

Sec. 545.702.  CIVIL ACTION;  PENALTY.  (a)  A person who is injured by a violation of Section 545.057 may bring a civil action for damages.(b)  A person may bring an action to restrain a violation or threatened violation of Section 545.057.(c)  If it is found in a civil action that a person or entity has released or disclosed a test result or allowed a test result to become known in violation of Section 545.057, the person or entity is liable for:(1)  actual damages;(2)  a civil penalty of:(A)  not more than $1,000 if the release or disclosure was negligent;  or(B)  not less than $1,000 or more than $5,000 if the release or disclosure was wilful;  and(3)  court costs and reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the person bringing the action.(d)  A defendant in a civil action brought under this section is not entitled to claim a privilege as a defense to the action.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 545.703 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 545 - HIV Testing|Subchapter O. Sanctions; Penalties; Injunctions|Section 545.703. Criminal Penalty

Sec. 545.703.  CRIMINAL PENALTY.  (a)  A person or entity commits an offense if the person or entity, with criminal negligence, violates Section 545.057 by:(1)  releasing or disclosing a test result or other information;  or(2)  allowing a test result or other information to become known.(b)  An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.(c)  Each release or disclosure made or allowance of a test result to become known in violation of this chapter constitutes a separate offense.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|
TX Ins Code § 546.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Insurance Code|Title 5 - Protection of Consumer Interests|Subtitle C - Deceptive, Unfair, and Prohibited Practices|Chapter 546 - Use of Genetic Testing Information|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 546.001. Definitions

Sec. 546.001.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:(1)  "DNA" means deoxyribonucleic acid.(2)  "Genetic characteristic" means a scientifically or medically identifiable genetic or chromosomal variation, composition, or alteration that predisposes an individual to a disease, disorder, or syndrome.(3)  "Genetic information" means information that is:(A)  obtained from or based on a scientific or medical determination of the presence or absence in an individual of a genetic characteristic;  or(B)  derived from the results of a genetic test performed on an individual.(4)  "Genetic test" means a presymptomatic laboratory test of an individual's genes, gene products, or chromosomes that:(A)  analyzes the individual's DNA, RNA, proteins, or chromosomes;  and(B)  is performed to identify any genetic variation, composition, or alteration that is associated with the individual's having a predisposition for:(i)  developing a clinically recognized disease, disorder, or syndrome;  or(ii)  being a carrier of a clinically recognized disease, disorder, or syndrome.The term does not include a blood test, cholesterol test, urine test, or other physical test used for a purpose other than determining a genetic or chromosomal variation, composition, or alteration in a specific individual;  a routine physical examination or a routine test performed as part of a physical examination;  a test to determine drug use;  or a test to determine the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus.(5)  "RNA" means ribonucleic acid.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.|