reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Penal Code § 189 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 189.

189.  (a) All murder that is perpetrated by means of a destructive device or explosive, a weapon of mass destruction, knowing use of ammunition designed primarily to penetrate metal or armor, poison, lying in wait, torture, or by any other kind of willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing, or that is committed in the perpetration of, or attempt to perpetrate, arson, rape, carjacking, robbery, burglary, mayhem, kidnapping, train wrecking, or any act punishable under Section 206, 286, 287, 288, or 289, or former Section 288a, or murder that is perpetrated by means of discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle, intentionally at another person outside of the vehicle with the intent to inflict death, is murder of the first degree.(b) All other kinds of murders are of the second degree.(c) As used in this section, the following definitions apply:(1) “Destructive device” has the same meaning as in Section 16460.(2) “Explosive” has the same meaning as in Section 12000 of the Health and Safety Code.(3) “Weapon of mass destruction” means any item defined in Section 11417.(d) To prove the killing was “deliberate and premeditated,” it is not necessary to prove the defendant maturely and meaningfully reflected upon the gravity of the defendant’s act.(e) A participant in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of a felony listed in subdivision (a) in which a death occurs is liable for murder only if one of the following is proven:(1) The person was the actual killer.(2) The person was not the actual killer, but, with the intent to kill, aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, solicited, requested, or assisted the actual killer in the commission of murder in the first degree.(3) The person was a major participant in the underlying felony and acted with reckless indifference to human life, as described in subdivision (d) of Section 190.2.(f) Subdivision (e) does not apply to a defendant when the victim is a peace officer who was killed while in the course of the peace officer’s duties, where the defendant knew or reasonably should have known that the victim was a peace officer engaged in the performance of the peace officer’s duties.(Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 497, Sec. 192. (AB 991) Effective January 1, 2020. Note: This section was amended on June 5, 1990, by initiative Prop. 115.)
CA Penal Code § 189.1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 189.1.

189.1.  (a) The Legislature finds and declares that all unlawful killings that are willful, deliberate, and premeditated and in which the victim was a peace officer, as defined in Section 830, who was killed while engaged in the performance of his or her duties, where the defendant knew, or reasonably should have known, that the victim was a peace officer engaged in the performance of his or her duties, are considered murder of the first degree for all purposes, including the gravity of the offense and the support of the survivors.(b) This section is declarative of existing law.(Added by Stats. 2017, Ch. 214, Sec. 2. (AB 1459) Effective January 1, 2018.)
CA Penal Code § 189.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 189.5.

189.5.  (a) Upon a trial for murder, the commission of the homicide by the defendant being proved, the burden of proving circumstances of mitigation, or that justify or excuse it, devolves upon the defendant, unless the proof on the part of the prosecution tends to show that the crime committed only amounts to manslaughter, or that the defendant was justifiable or excusable.(b) Nothing in this section shall apply to or affect any proceeding under Section 190.3 or 190.4.(Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 897, Sec. 16.)
CA Penal Code § 190.03 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.03.

190.03.  (a) A person who commits first-degree murder that is a hate crime shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole.(b) The term authorized by subdivision (a) shall not apply unless the allegation is charged in the accusatory pleading and admitted by the defendant or found true by the trier of fact. The court shall not strike the allegation, except in the interest of justice, in which case the court shall state its reasons in writing for striking the allegation.(c) For the purpose of this section, “hate crime” has the same meaning as in Section 422.55.(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent punishment instead pursuant to any other provision of law that imposes a greater or more severe punishment.(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 700, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Penal Code § 190.1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.1.

190.1.  A case in which the death penalty may be imposed pursuant to this chapter shall be tried in separate phases as follows:(a) The question of the defendant’s guilt shall be first determined. If the trier of fact finds the defendant guilty of first degree murder, it shall at the same time determine the truth of all special circumstances charged as enumerated in Section 190.2 except for a special circumstance charged pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 190.2 where it is alleged that the defendant had been convicted in a prior proceeding of the offense of murder in the first or second degree.(b) If the defendant is found guilty of first degree murder and one of the special circumstances is charged pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 190.2 which charges that the defendant had been convicted in a prior proceeding of the offense of murder of the first or second degree, there shall thereupon be further proceedings on the question of the truth of such special circumstance.(c) If the defendant is found guilty of first degree murder and one or more special circumstances as enumerated in Section 190.2 has been charged and found to be true, his sanity on any plea of not guilty by reason of insanity under Section 1026 shall be determined as provided in Section 190.4. If he is found to be sane, there shall thereupon be further proceedings on the question of the penalty to be imposed. Such proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Section 190.3 and 190.4.(Repealed and added November 7, 1978, by initiative Proposition 7, Sec. 4.)
CA Penal Code § 190.25 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.25.

190.25.  (a) The penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the first degree shall be confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole in any case in which any of the following special circumstances has been charged and specially found under Section 190.4, to be true: the victim was the operator or driver of a bus, taxicab, streetcar, cable car, trackless trolley, or other motor vehicle operated on land, including a vehicle operated on stationary rails or on a track or rail suspended in the air, used for the transportation of persons for hire, or the victim was a station agent or ticket agent for the entity providing such transportation, who, while engaged in the course of the performance of his or her duties was intentionally killed, and such defendant knew or reasonably should have known that such victim was the operator or driver of a bus, taxicab, streetcar, cable car, trackless trolley, or other motor vehicle operated on land, including a vehicle operated on stationary rails or on a track or rail suspended in the air, used for the transportation of persons for hire, or was a station agent or ticket agent for the entity providing such transportation, engaged in the performance of his or her duties.(b) Every person whether or not the actual killer found guilty of intentionally aiding, abetting, counseling, commanding, inducing, soliciting, requesting, or assisting any actor in the commission of murder in the first degree shall suffer confinement in state prison for a term of life without the possibility of parole, in any case in which one or more of the special circumstances enumerated in subdivision (a) of this section has been charged and specially found under Section 190.4 to be true.(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the charging or finding of any special circumstance pursuant to Sections 190.1, 190.2, 190.3, 190.4, and 190.5.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 172, Sec. 1. Effective April 27, 1982.)
CA Penal Code § 190.41 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.41.

190.41.  Notwithstanding Section 190.4 or any other provision of law, the corpus delicti of a felony-based special circumstance enumerated in paragraph (17) of subdivision (a) of Section 190.2 need not be proved independently of a defendant’s extrajudicial statement.(Added June 5, 1990, by initiative Proposition 115, Sec. 11.)
CA Penal Code § 190.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.5.

190.5.  (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the death penalty shall not be imposed upon any person who is under the age of 18 at the time of the commission of the crime. The burden of proof as to the age of such person shall be upon the defendant.(b) The penalty for a defendant found guilty of murder in the first degree, in any case in which one or more special circumstances enumerated in Section 190.2 or 190.25 has been found to be true under Section 190.4, who was 16 years of age or older and under the age of 18 years at the time of the commission of the crime, shall be confinement in the state prison for life without the possibility of parole or, at the discretion of the court, 25 years to life.(c) The trier of fact shall determine the existence of any special circumstance pursuant to the procedure set forth in Section 190.4.(Amended June 5, 1990, by initiative Proposition 115, Sec. 12.)
CA Penal Code § 190.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.6.

190.6.  (a) The Legislature finds that the sentence in all capital cases should be imposed expeditiously.(b) Therefore, in all cases in which a sentence of death has been imposed on or after January 1, 1997, the opening appellate brief in the appeal to the State Supreme Court shall be filed no later than seven months after the certification of the record for completeness under subdivision (d) of Section 190.8 or receipt by the appellant’s counsel of the completed record, whichever is later, except for good cause. However, in those cases where the trial transcript exceeds 10,000 pages, the briefing shall be completed within the time limits and pursuant to the procedures set by the rules of court adopted by the Judicial Council.(c) In all cases in which a sentence of death has been imposed on or after January 1, 1997, it is the Legislature’s goal that the appeal be decided and an opinion reaching the merits be filed within 210 days of the completion of the briefing. However, where the appeal and a petition for writ of habeas corpus is heard at the same time, the petition should be decided and an opinion reaching the merits should be filed within 210 days of the completion of the briefing for the petition.(d) The right of victims of crime to a prompt and final conclusion, as provided in paragraph (9) of subdivision (b) of Section 28 of Article I of the California Constitution, includes the right to have judgments of death carried out within a reasonable time. Within 18 months of the effective date of this initiative, the Judicial Council shall adopt initial rules and standards of administration designed to expedite the processing of capital appeals and state habeas corpus review. Within five years of the adoption of the initial rules or the entry of judgment, whichever is later, the state courts shall complete the state appeal and the initial state habeas corpus review in capital cases. The Judicial Council shall continuously monitor the timeliness of review of capital cases and shall amend the rules and standards as necessary to complete the state appeal and initial state habeas corpus proceedings within the five-year period provided in this subdivision.(e) The failure of the parties or of a court to comply with the time limit in subdivision (b) shall not affect the validity of the judgment or require dismissal of an appeal or habeas corpus petition. If a court fails to comply without extraordinary and compelling reasons justifying the delay, either party or any victim of the offense may seek relief by petition for writ of mandate. The court in which the petition is filed shall act on it within 60 days of filing. Paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 28 of Article I of the California Constitution, regarding standing to enforce victims’ rights, applies to this subdivision and subdivision (d).(Amended November 8, 2016, by initiative Proposition 66, Sec. 3.)
CA Penal Code § 190.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.7.

190.7.  (a) The “entire record” referred to in Section 190.6 includes, but is not limited to, the following:(1) The normal and additional record prescribed in the rules adopted by the Judicial Council pertaining to an appeal taken by the defendant from a judgment of conviction.(2) A copy of any other paper or record on file or lodged with the superior or municipal court and a transcript of any other oral proceeding reported in the superior or municipal court pertaining to the trial of the cause.(b) Notwithstanding this section, the Judicial Council may adopt rules, not inconsistent with the purpose of Section 190.6, specifically pertaining to the content, preparation and certification of the record on appeal when a judgment of death has been pronounced.(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 1086, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Penal Code § 190.9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 190.9.

190.9.  (a) (1) In any case in which a death sentence may be imposed, all proceedings conducted in the superior court, including all conferences and proceedings, whether in open court, in conference in the courtroom, or in chambers, shall be conducted on the record with a court reporter present. The court reporter shall prepare and certify a daily transcript of all proceedings commencing with the preliminary hearing. Proceedings prior to the preliminary hearing shall be reported but need not be transcribed until the court receives notice as prescribed in paragraph (2).(2) Upon receiving notification from the prosecution that the death penalty is being sought, the clerk shall order the transcription and preparation of the record of all proceedings prior to and including the preliminary hearing in the manner prescribed by the Judicial Council in the rules of court. The record of all proceedings prior to and including the preliminary hearing shall be certified by the court no later than 120 days following notification unless the time is extended pursuant to rules of court adopted by the Judicial Council. Upon certification, the record of all proceedings is incorporated into the superior court record.(b) (1) The court shall assign a court reporter who uses computer-aided transcription equipment to report all proceedings under this section.(2) Failure to comply with the requirements of this section relating to the assignment of court reporters who use computer-aided transcription equipment is not a ground for reversal.(c) Any computer-readable transcript produced by court reporters pursuant to this section shall conform to the requirements of Section 271 of the Code of Civil Procedure.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 71, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Penal Code § 191 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 191.

191.  The rules of the common law, distinguishing the killing of a master by his servant, and of a husband by his wife, as petit treason, are abolished, and these offenses are homicides, punishable in the manner prescribed by this Chapter.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 192 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 192.

192.  Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being without malice. It is of three kinds:(a) Voluntary—upon a sudden quarrel or heat of passion.(b) Involuntary—in the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to a felony; or in the commission of a lawful act which might produce death, in an unlawful manner, or without due caution and circumspection. This subdivision shall not apply to acts committed in the driving of a vehicle.(c) Vehicular—(1) Except as provided in subdivision (a) of Section 191.5, driving a vehicle in the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to a felony, and with gross negligence; or driving a vehicle in the commission of a lawful act which might produce death, in an unlawful manner, and with gross negligence.(2) Driving a vehicle in the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to a felony, but without gross negligence; or driving a vehicle in the commission of a lawful act which might produce death, in an unlawful manner, but without gross negligence.(3) Driving a vehicle in connection with a violation of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 550, where the vehicular collision or vehicular accident was knowingly caused for financial gain and proximately resulted in the death of any person. This paragraph does not prevent prosecution of a defendant for the crime of murder.(d) This section shall not be construed as making any homicide in the driving of a vehicle punishable that is not a proximate result of the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to a felony, or of the commission of a lawful act which might produce death, in an unlawful manner.(e) “Gross negligence,” as used in this section, does not prohibit or preclude a charge of murder under Section 188 upon facts exhibiting wantonness and a conscious disregard for life to support a finding of implied malice, or upon facts showing malice, consistent with the holding of the California Supreme Court in People v. Watson (1981) 30 Cal.3d 290.(f) (1) For purposes of determining sudden quarrel or heat of passion pursuant to subdivision (a), the provocation was not objectively reasonable if it resulted from the discovery of, knowledge about, or potential disclosure of the victim’s actual or perceived gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation, including under circumstances in which the victim made an unwanted nonforcible romantic or sexual advance towards the defendant, or if the defendant and victim dated or had a romantic or sexual relationship. Nothing in this section shall preclude the jury from considering all relevant facts to determine whether the defendant was in fact provoked for purposes of establishing subjective provocation.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, “gender” includes a person’s gender identity and gender-related appearance and behavior regardless of whether that appearance or behavior is associated with the person’s gender as determined at birth.(Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 684, Sec. 1. (AB 2501) Effective January 1, 2015.)
CA Penal Code § 192.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 192.5.

192.5.  Vehicular manslaughter pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 191.5 and subdivision (c) of Section 192 is the unlawful killing of a human being without malice aforethought, and includes:(a) Operating a vessel in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (e), or (f) of Section 655 of the Harbors and Navigation Code, and in the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to felony, and with gross negligence; or operating a vessel in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (e), or (f) of Section 655 of the Harbors and Navigation Code, and in the commission of a lawful act that might produce death, in an unlawful manner, and with gross negligence.(b) Operating a vessel in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (e), or (f) of Section 655 of the Harbors and Navigation Code, and in the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to felony, but without gross negligence; or operating a vessel in violation of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (e), or (f) of Section 655 of the Harbors and Navigation Code, and in the commission of a lawful act that might produce death, in an unlawful manner, but without gross negligence.(c) Operating a vessel in the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to a felony, and with gross negligence; or operating a vessel in the commission of a lawful act that might produce death, in an unlawful manner, and with gross negligence.(d) Operating a vessel in the commission of an unlawful act, not amounting to a felony, but without gross negligence; or operating a vessel in the commission of a lawful act that might produce death, in an unlawful manner, but without gross negligence.(e) A person who flees the scene of the crime after committing a violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c), upon conviction, in addition and consecutive to the punishment prescribed, shall be punished by an additional term of imprisonment of five years in the state prison. This additional term shall not be imposed unless the allegation is charged in the accusatory pleading and admitted by the defendant or found to be true by the trier of fact. The court shall not strike a finding that brings a person within the provisions of this subdivision or an allegation made pursuant to this subdivision.(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 747, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 2008.)
CA Penal Code § 193 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 8 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON|CHAPTER 1 - Homicide|Section 193.

193.  (a) Voluntary manslaughter is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for 3, 6, or 11 years.(b) Involuntary manslaughter is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years.(c) Vehicular manslaughter is punishable as follows:(1) A violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 192 is punishable either by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year or by imprisonment in the state prison for two, four, or six years.(2) A violation of paragraph (2) of subdivision (c) of Section 192 is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year.(3) A violation of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 192 is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for 4, 6, or 10 years.(Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 282. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)