reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 10.1-1005 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10 - Cave Protection Act|§ 10.1-1005. Pollution; penalties

A. It shall be unlawful for any person, without express, prior, written permission of the owner, to store, dump, litter, dispose of or otherwise place any refuse, garbage, dead animals, sewage, or toxic substances harmful to cave life or humans, in any cave or sinkhole. It shall also be unlawful to burn within a cave or sinkhole any material which produces any smoke or gas which is harmful to any naturally occurring organism in any cave.B. Any violation of this section shall be punished as a Class 1 misdemeanor.1979, c. 252, § 10-150.14; 1982, c. 81; 1988, c. 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1006 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10 - Cave Protection Act|§ 10.1-1006. Disturbance of naturally occurring organisms; scientific collecting permits; penalties

A. It shall be unlawful to remove, kill, harm, or otherwise disturb any naturally occurring organisms within any cave, except for safety or health reasons; however, scientific collecting permits may be obtained from the Department.B. Any violation of this section shall be punished as a Class 3 misdemeanor.1979, c. 252, § 10-150.15; 1988, c. 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1007 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10 - Cave Protection Act|§ 10.1-1007. Sale of speleothems; penalties

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale any speleothems in this Commonwealth, or to export them for sale outside the Commonwealth. Any violation of this section shall be punished as a Class 1 misdemeanor.1979, c. 252, § 10-150.17; 1982, c. 81; 1988, c. 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1008 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10 - Cave Protection Act|§ 10.1-1008. Liability of owners and agents limited; sovereign immunity of Commonwealth not waived

Neither the owner of a cave nor his authorized agents acting within the scope of their authority are liable for injuries sustained by any person using the cave for recreational or scientific purposes if no charge has been made for the use of the cave, notwithstanding that an inquiry as to the experience or expertise of the individual seeking consent may have been made.Nothing in this section shall be construed to constitute a waiver of the sovereign immunity of the Commonwealth or any of its boards, departments, bureaus, or agencies.1979, c. 252, § 10-150.18; 1988, c. 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1009 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1009. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:"Conservation easement" means a nonpossessory interest of a holder in real property, whether easement appurtenant or in gross, acquired through gift, purchase, devise, or bequest imposing limitations or affirmative obligations, the purposes of which include retaining or protecting natural or open-space values of real property, assuring its availability for agricultural, forestal, recreational, or open-space use, protecting natural resources, maintaining or enhancing air or water quality, or preserving the historical, architectural or archaeological aspects of real property."Holder" means a charitable corporation, charitable association, or charitable trust which has been declared exempt from taxation pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 501(c)(3) and the primary purposes or powers of which include: (i) retaining or protecting the natural or open-space values of real property; (ii) assuring the availability of real property for agricultural, forestal, recreational, or open-space use; (iii) protecting natural resources; (iv) maintaining or enhancing air or water quality; or (v) preserving the historic, architectural or archaeological aspects of real property."Public body" means any entity defined in § 10.1-1700."Third party right of enforcement" means a right provided in a conservation easement to enforce any of its terms granted to a governmental body, charitable corporation, charitable association or charitable trust which, although eligible to be a holder, is not a holder.1988, cc. 720, 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1010 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1010. Creation, acceptance and duration

A. A holder may acquire a conservation easement by gift, purchase, devise or bequest.B. No right or duty in favor of or against a holder and no right in favor of a person having a third-party right of enforcement arises under a conservation easement before its acceptance by the holder and a recordation of the acceptance.C. A conservation easement shall be perpetual in duration unless the instrument creating it otherwise provides a specific time. For all easements, the holder shall (i) meet the criteria in § 10.1-1009 and (ii) either have had a principal office in the Commonwealth for at least five years, or be a national organization in existence for at least five years which has an office in the Commonwealth and has registered and is in good standing with the State Corporation Commission. Until a holder has met these requirements, the holder may co-hold a conservation easement with another holder that meets the requirements.D. An interest in real property in existence at the time a conservation easement is created is not impaired by it unless the owner of the interest is a party to the conservation easement or consents to it in writing.E. No conservation easement shall be valid and enforceable unless the limitations or obligations created thereby conform in all respects to the comprehensive plan at the time the easement is granted for the area in which the real property is located.F. This chapter does not affect the power of the court to modify or terminate a conservation easement in accordance with the principles of law and equity, or in any way limit the power of eminent domain as possessed by any public body. In any such proceeding the holder of the conservation easement shall be compensated for the value of the easement.1988, cc. 720, 891; 2000, c. 182; 2003, c. 1014; 2004, c. 364.
VA Code § 10.1-1011 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1011. Taxation

A. Where an easement held pursuant to this chapter or the Open-Space Land Act (§ 10.1-1700 et seq.) by its terms is perpetual, neither the interest of the holder of a conservation easement nor a third-party right of enforcement of such an easement shall be subject to state or local taxation nor shall the owner of the fee be taxed for the interest of the holder of the easement.B. Assessments of the fee interest in land that is subject to a perpetual conservation easement held pursuant to this chapter or the Open-Space Land Act (§ 10.1-1700 et seq.) shall reflect the reduction in the fair market value of the land that results from the inability of the owner of the fee to use such property for uses terminated by the easement. To ensure that the owner of the fee is not taxed on the value of the interest of the holder of the easement, the fair market value of such land (i) shall be based only on uses of the land that are permitted under the terms of the easement and (ii) shall not include any value attributable to the uses or potential uses of the land that have been terminated by the easement.C. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection B, land which is (i) subject to a perpetual conservation easement held pursuant to this chapter or the Open-Space Land Act (§ 10.1-1700 et seq.), (ii) devoted to open-space use as defined in § 58.1-3230, and (iii) in any county, city or town which has provided for land use assessment and taxation of any class of land within its jurisdiction pursuant to § 58.1-3231 or § 58.1-3232, shall be assessed and taxed at the use value for open space, if the land otherwise qualifies for such assessment at the time the easement is dedicated. If an easement is in existence at the time the locality enacts land use assessment, the easement shall qualify for such assessment. Once the land with the easement qualifies for land use assessment, it shall continue to qualify so long as the locality has land use assessment.1988, cc. 720, 891; 1993, c. 390; 1998, c. 487.
VA Code § 10.1-1012 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1012. Notification

Whenever any instrument conveying a conservation easement is recorded after July 1, 1988, the party responsible for recording it or his agent shall mail certified copies thereof, together with any attached plats and a notice specifying the date and place of recordation, to the commissioner of revenue for the local jurisdiction in which the real property subject thereto is located, the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Virginia Outdoors Foundation, and to any other public body named in such instrument. Whenever any conservation easement is on lands that are part of or contain a historic place or landmark listed on either the National Register of Historic Places or the Virginia Landmarks Register, any notice required by this section shall also be given to the Director of the Department of Historic Resources.1988, cc. 720, 891; 2011, c. 207.
VA Code § 10.1-1013 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1013. Standing

An action affecting a conservation easement may be brought by:1. An owner of an interest in real property burdened by the easement;2. A holder of the easement;3. A person having an express third-party right of enforcement;4. The Attorney General of the Commonwealth;5. The Virginia Outdoors Foundation;6. The Virginia Historic Landmarks Board;7. The local government in which the real property is located; or8. Any other governmental agency or person with standing under other statutes or common law.1988, cc. 720, 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1014 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1014. Validity

A conservation easement is valid even though:1. It is not appurtenant to an interest in real property;2. It can be or has been assigned to another holder;3. It is not of a character that has been recognized traditionally at common law;4. It imposes a negative burden;5. It imposes affirmative obligations upon the owner of an interest in the burdened property or upon the holder;6. The benefit does not touch or concern real property; or7. There is no privity of estate or of contract.Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a conservation easement may be created, conveyed, recorded, assigned, released, modified, terminated, or otherwise altered or affected in the same manner as other easements.1988, cc. 720, 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1015 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1015. Conveyance to the Commonwealth

Whenever any holder as defined in this chapter, or the successors or assigns thereof, shall cease to exist, any conservation easement and any right of enforcement held by it shall vest in the Virginia Outdoors Foundation, unless the instrument creating the easement otherwise provides for its transfer to some other holder or public body. In an easement vested in the Virginia Outdoors Foundation by operation of the preceding sentence, the Foundation may retain it or thereafter convey it to any other public body or any holder the Foundation deems most appropriate to hold and enforce such interest in accordance with the purpose of the original conveyance of the easement.1988, cc. 720, 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1016 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1016. Savings clause

Nothing herein shall in any way affect the power of a public body under any other statute, including without limitation the Virginia Outdoors Foundation and the Virginia Historic Landmarks Board, to acquire and hold conservation easements or affect the terms of any such easement held by any public body.1988, cc. 720, 891.
VA Code § 10.1-1016.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.1 - Virginia Conservation Easement Act|§ 10.1-1016.1. Construction

Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, an easement held pursuant to this chapter shall be construed in favor of achieving the conservation purposes for which it was created.2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 274, 317.
VA Code § 10.1-1017 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1017. Foundation created

There is hereby created the Virginia Land Conservation Foundation, hereinafter referred to as the Foundation, a body politic and corporate to have such powers and duties as hereinafter provided.1992, c. 426; 1999, cc. 900, 906.
VA Code § 10.1-1018.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1018.1. Reporting

The chairman of the Board shall submit to the Governor and the General Assembly, including the Chairmen of the House Committee on Appropriations, the House Committee on Agriculture, Chesapeake and Natural Resources, the Senate Committee on Finance and Appropriations, and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Conservation and Natural Resources, and to the Director of the Department of Planning and Budget an executive summary and report of the interim activity and work of the Board on or before December 15 of each even-numbered year. The document shall report on the status of the Foundation and its Fund, including (i) land conservation targeting tools developed for the Foundation; (ii) descriptions of projects that received funding; (iii) a description of the geographic distribution of land protected as provided in § 10.1-1021.1; (iv) expenditures from, interest earned by, and financial obligations of the Fund; and (v) progress made toward recognized state and regional land conservation goals, including what percentage of properties conserved were identified by ConserveVirginia, pursuant to § 10.1-104.6:1, and whether the identified conservation values were protected. The executive summary and report shall be submitted as provided in the procedures of the Division of Legislative Automated Systems for the processing of legislative documents and reports and shall be posted on the General Assembly's website.2005, c. 633; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 99.
VA Code § 10.1-1019 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1019. Executive secretary; land management

A. The Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation shall serve as executive secretary to the Foundation and shall be responsible for providing technical assistance and performing any administrative duties that the Foundation may direct.B. The Department of Conservation and Recreation shall administer the Foundation's lands as if such lands were departmental lands, and the regulations established by the Director for the management and protection of departmental lands shall apply to real estate held by the Foundation. The Department's conservation officers commissioned under § 10.1-115 shall have jurisdiction on all of the Foundation's lands and waters.1992, c. 426; 2000, c. 1053.
VA Code § 10.1-1021.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1021.1. Geographic distribution of land protected

The Foundation shall seek to achieve a fair distribution of land protected throughout the Commonwealth, based upon the following:1. The importance of conserving land in all regions of the Commonwealth;2. The importance of protecting specific properties that can benefit all Virginia citizens; and3. The importance of addressing the particular land conservation needs of areas of the state where Fund moneys are generated.2000, c. 1053.
VA Code § 10.1-1021.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1021.2. Additional powers of the Foundation; requests for conservation easement dispute mediation

Any private owner of the fee interest in land that is subject to a perpetual conservation easement pursuant to Chapter 10.1 (§ 10.1-1009 et seq.), any holder of such an easement, or any holder of a third-party right of enforcement of such an easement may submit a request, pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Foundation, that the Foundation utilize the process set forth in the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act, Chapter 41.1 (§ 2.2-4115 et seq.) of Title 2.2, to resolve a dispute that is not part of a dispute already in litigation and arises out of or relates to the interpretation or administration of a conservation easement made or entered into pursuant to Chapter 10.1 (§ 10.1-1009 et seq.).2015, c. 44.
VA Code § 10.1-1022 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1022. Expenditure of restricted funds

The Foundation shall expend restricted funds only in accordance with the applicable restrictions, or allocate such funds to the designated or otherwise appropriate state agency subject to such restrictions. The state agency receiving restricted funds shall expend such funds only in accordance with the applicable restrictions. The Board of Trustees may make such recommendations as are appropriate to the agencies responsible for spending any restricted funds, and the agencies shall consider such recommendations prior to the expenditure of restricted funds received from the Foundation. State agencies and departments receiving funds directly for expenditure for a purpose for which the Foundation is created shall solicit and consider the advice of the Board with respect to the expenditure of such funds prior thereto. This section shall not affect the authority of the Foundation to exercise its discretion with regard to the expenditure or allocation of unrestricted funds received by the Foundation.1992, c. 426.
VA Code § 10.1-1022.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1022.1. Expenditure of funds for natural area protection

A. No matching grant shall be made from the Fund to any holder or public body for purchasing an interest in land for the protection of a natural area unless:1. The holder or public body has demonstrated the necessary commitment and financial capability to manage the property; and2. The Department has, after reviewing the grant application as provided in subsection B, recommended that the grant be made.B. Natural area grant applications shall be submitted to the Foundation, which shall forward the application to the Department. The application shall include a budget for the proposed purchase and for the management of the property. The Department shall consider the following in making its recommendation on whether the grant should be made:1. Whether the project will make a significant contribution to the protection of habitats for rare, threatened, or endangered plant or animal species, rare or state-significant natural communities, other ecological resources, or natural areas of Virginia;2. Whether the area addresses a protection need identified in the Virginia Natural Heritage Plan;3. The rarity of the elements targeted for conservation;4. The size and viability of the site; and5. Whether the holder or public body has the capability to protect the site from short-term and long-term stresses to the area.C. Matching grant funds provided pursuant to this section shall be expended by the holder or public body within two years of receiving the funds, except that the Department may grant an extension of up to one year.D. All property for which a matching grant is made pursuant to this section shall be dedicated as a natural area preserve as provided in § 10.1-213. Any such preserve that was purchased in fee simple by the holder or public body shall be open for public access for a reasonable amount of time each year, except as is necessary to protect sensitive resources or for management purposes, as determined by the holder or public body pursuant to an agreement with the Department.1999, cc. 900, 906; 2001, cc. 164, 168.
VA Code § 10.1-1023 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1023. Certain expenditures prohibited

Moneys from the Fund shall not be expended for the acquisition of any property interest through eminent domain.1992, c. 426.
VA Code § 10.1-1024 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1024. Gifts and bequests to Foundation

Gifts, devises and bequests of money, securities and other assets accepted by the Foundation, whether personal or real property, shall be deemed to be gifts to the Commonwealth, which shall be exempt from all state and local taxes and shall be regarded as property of the Commonwealth for the purposes of all tax laws.1992, c. 426; 2000, c. 1053.
VA Code § 10.1-1025 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1025. Forms of accounts and records; audit of same

The accounts and records of the Foundation showing the receipt and disbursement of funds from whatever source derived shall be in such form as the Auditor of Public Accounts prescribes, provided that such accounts shall correspond as nearly as possible to the accounts and records for such matters maintained by similar enterprises. The accounts and records of the Foundation shall be subject to audit by the Auditor of Public Accounts or his legal representative as determined necessary by the Auditor of Public Accounts, and the costs of such audit services shall be borne by the Foundation. The Foundation's fiscal year shall be the same as the Commonwealth's.1992, c. 426; 2018, cc. 57, 307.
VA Code § 10.1-1026 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 10.1 - Conservation|Chapter 10.2 - Virginia Land Conservation Foundation|§ 10.1-1026. Cooperation of state agencies

All state officers, agencies, commissions, boards, departments, institutions and foundations shall cooperate with and assist the Foundation in carrying out its purpose and, to that end, may accept any gift or conveyance of real property or interest therein or other property in the name of the Commonwealth from the Foundation. Such property shall be held in possession or used as provided in the terms of the trust, contract or instrumentality by which it was conveyed.2000, c. 1053.