reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MN Stat § 601.04 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 595 - 603 — Evidence|Chapter 601 — Lost Instruments|Section 601.04 — Deed Or Court Records Destroyed; Abstract Of Title As Evidence.

601.04 DEED OR COURT RECORDS DESTROYED; ABSTRACT OF TITLE AS EVIDENCE. When, upon the trial of any action or proceeding which is now, or hereafter may be, pending in any court in this state, any party to such action or proceeding, or the party's agent or attorney, shall make and file an affidavit in such cause, stating that the original of any deed or other instrument in writing or the records of any court relating to any lands, the title or any interest therein being in controversy or question in such action or proceeding, are lost or destroyed, and not within the power of such party to produce the same; and the record of such deed, instrument, or other writing has been destroyed by fire or otherwise, it shall be lawful for the court to receive as evidence in such action or proceeding, any abstract of title to such lands made in the ordinary course of business before such loss or destruction. It shall also be lawful for the court to receive as evidence any copy, extract, or minutes from such destroyed records or from the original thereof, which were, at the date of such destruction or loss, in the possession of any person then engaged in the business of making abstracts of title for others for hire. History:  (9874) 1905 c 193 s 1; 1986 c 444
MN Stat § 601.05 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 595 - 603 — Evidence|Chapter 601 — Lost Instruments|Section 601.05 — Copies As Evidence.

601.05 COPIES AS EVIDENCE. A sworn copy of any writing admissible under section 601.04, made by the person having possession of such writing, shall be admissible in like manner and with like effect as such writing, provided that the party desiring to use such sworn copy as evidence shall have given the opposite party a reasonable opportunity to verify the correctness of such copy. History:  (9875) 1905 c 193 s 2
MN Stat § 602.01 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 595 - 603 — Evidence|Chapter 602 — Competent Evidence|Section 602.01 — Certain Statements Presumed To Be Fraudulent.

602.01 CERTAIN STATEMENTS PRESUMED TO BE FRAUDULENT. Any statement secured from an injured person at any time within 30 days after such injuries were sustained shall be presumably fraudulent in the trial of any action for damages for injuries sustained by such person or for the death of such person as the result of such injuries. No statement can be used as evidence in any court unless the party so obtaining the statement shall give to such injured person a copy thereof within 30 days after the same was made. History:  (5687-8) 1929 c 289 s 4; 1945 c 592 s 1
MN Stat § 602.02 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 595 - 603 — Evidence|Chapter 602 — Competent Evidence|Section 602.02 — Fact Of Marriage, How Proved.

602.02 FACT OF MARRIAGE, HOW PROVED. When the fact of marriage is required or offered to be proved before any court, evidence of the admission of such fact by the party against whom the proceeding is instituted, or of general repute, or of cohabitation as married persons, or any other circumstantial or presumptive evidence from which the fact may be inferred, shall be competent. History:  (9899) RL s 4740
MN Stat § 602.03 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 595 - 603 — Evidence|Chapter 602 — Competent Evidence|Section 602.03 — Evidence Of Corporation Or Copartnership.

602.03 EVIDENCE OF CORPORATION OR COPARTNERSHIP. In actions brought by a corporation or by any persons as copartners, or by the endorsees of any such corporation or copartners, upon any written instrument for the payment of money only, executed by the defendant to such corporation by its corporate name, or to such copartners by their firm name, the production in evidence of the instrument upon which the action is brought shall be prima facie evidence of the existence of such corporation, or that the persons named as payees in such instrument are, and at the time of its execution were, such copartners. History:  (9897) RL s 4738
MN Stat § 604.02 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.02 — Apportionment Of Damages.

604.02 APPORTIONMENT OF DAMAGES. Subdivision 1. Joint liability. When two or more persons are severally liable, contributions to awards shall be in proportion to the percentage of fault attributable to each, except that the following persons are jointly and severally liable for the whole award: (1) a person whose fault is greater than 50 percent; (2) two or more persons who act in a common scheme or plan that results in injury; (3) a person who commits an intentional tort; or (4) a person whose liability arises under chapters 18B - pesticide control, 115 - water pollution control, 115A - waste management, 115B - environmental response and liability, 115C - leaking underground storage tanks, and 299J - pipeline safety, public nuisance law for damage to the environment or the public health, any other environmental or public health law, or any environmental or public health ordinance or program of a municipality as defined in section 466.01. This section applies to claims arising from events that occur on or after August 1, 2003. Subd. 2. Reallocation of uncollectible amounts generally. Upon motion made not later than one year after judgment is entered, the court shall determine whether all or part of a party's equitable share of the obligation is uncollectible from that party and shall reallocate any uncollectible amount among the other parties, including a claimant at fault, according to their respective percentages of fault. A party whose liability is reallocated is nonetheless subject to contribution and to any continuing liability to the claimant on the judgment. Subd. 3. Product liability; reallocation of uncollectible amounts. In the case of a claim arising from the manufacture, sale, use or consumption of a product, an amount uncollectible from any person in the chain of manufacture and distribution shall be reallocated among all other persons in the chain of manufacture and distribution but not among the claimant or others at fault who are not in the chain of manufacture or distribution of the product. Provided, however, that a person whose fault is less than that of a claimant is liable to the claimant only for that portion of the judgment which represents the percentage of fault attributable to the person whose fault is less. History:  1978 c 738 s 8; 1986 c 444; 1986 c 455 s 85; 1988 c 503 s 3; 1989 c 209 art 1 s 44; 2003 c 71 s 1
MN Stat § 604.03 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.03 — Useful Life Of Product.

604.03 USEFUL LIFE OF PRODUCT. Subdivision 1. Expiration as defense. In any action for the recovery of damages for personal injury, death or property damage arising out of the manufacture, sale, use or consumption of a product, it is a defense to a claim against a designer, manufacturer, distributor or seller of the product or a part thereof, that the injury was sustained following the expiration of the ordinary useful life of the product. Subd. 2. Determination. The useful life of a product is not necessarily the life inherent in the product, but is the period during which with reasonable safety the product should be useful to the user. This period shall be determined by reference to the experience of users of similar products, taking into account present conditions and past developments, including but not limited to (1) wear and tear or deterioration from natural causes, (2) the progress of the art, economic changes, inventions and developments within the industry, (3) the climatic and other local conditions peculiar to the user, (4) the policy of the user and similar users as to repairs, renewals and replacements, (5) the useful life as stated by the designer, manufacturer, distributor, or seller of the product in brochures or pamphlets furnished with the product or in a notice attached to the product, and (6) any modification of the product by the user. History:   1978 c 738 s 9
MN Stat § 604.04 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.04 — Notice Of Possible Claim.

604.04 NOTICE OF POSSIBLE CLAIM. Subdivision 1. Persons receiving notice; timing. The attorney for a person who intends to claim damage for or on account of personal injury, death or property damage arising out of the manufacture, sale, use or consumption of a product shall cause to be presented a notice of possible claim stating the time, place and circumstances of events giving rise to the claim and an estimate of compensation or other relief to be sought. This notice shall be given within six months of the date of entering into an attorney-client relation with the claimant in regard to the claim. Notice shall be given to all persons against whom the claim is likely to be made. Any person in the chain of manufacture and distribution shall promptly furnish to the claimant's attorney the names and addresses of all persons the person knows to be in the chain of manufacture and distribution if requested to do so by the attorney at the time the notice is given. Failure to furnish this information shall subject the person to the liability provided for in subdivision 3. Actual notice of sufficient facts to reasonably put a person against whom the claim is to be made or the person's insurer on notice of a possible claim satisfies the notice requirements of this section. Failure to state an estimate of the amount of compensation or other relief demanded does not invalidate the notice, but the claimant shall furnish full information regarding the nature and extent of the injuries and damages within 15 days after demand by a person to whom the notice was given or by the person's insurer. Subd. 2. Unreasonable delay. A claimant who delays entering into an attorney-client relation with the purpose of delaying unreasonably the notice required by subdivision 1 is subject to liability as provided in subdivision 3. Subd. 3. Failure to notify. Any person injured by the failure of a claimant or the claimant's attorney or of a person in the chain of manufacture and distribution to comply with the requirements of this section may recover damages, costs and reasonable attorney fees from a person who violated this section, but failure to give notice does not affect the validity of a claim against a party who did not receive notice. History:  1978 c 738 s 10; 1986 c 444
MN Stat § 604.055 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.055 — Waiver Of Liability For Negligent Conduct.

604.055 WAIVER OF LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENT CONDUCT. Subdivision 1. Certain agreements are void and unenforceable. An agreement between parties for a consumer service, including a recreational activity, that purports to release, limit, or waive the liability of one party for damage, injuries, or death resulting from conduct that constitutes greater than ordinary negligence is against public policy and void and unenforceable. The agreement, or portion thereof, is severable from a release, limitation, or waiver of liability for damage, injuries, or death resulting from conduct that constitutes ordinary negligence or for risks that are inherent in a particular activity. Subd. 2. Party or parties. For the purposes of this section, "party" or "parties" includes a person, agent, servant, or employee of that party or parties, and includes a minor or another who is authorized to sign or accept the agreement on behalf of the minor. Subd. 3. Other void and unenforceable agreements. This section does not prevent a court from finding that an agreement is void and unenforceable as against public policy on other grounds or under other law. Subd. 4. Nonapplication to certain claims. This section does not apply to claims against the state pursuant to section 3.736 or a municipality pursuant to section 466.02. History:   2013 c 118 s 1
MN Stat § 604.06 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.06 — Fireman's Rule.

604.06 FIREMAN'S RULE. The common law doctrine known as the fireman's rule shall not operate to deny any peace officer, as defined in section 626.84, subdivision 1, paragraph (c), or public safety officer, as defined in section 299A.41, subdivision 4, a recovery in any action at law or authorized by statute. History:  1982 c 601 s 3; 1983 c 159 s 1; 1987 c 384 art 1 s 45; 1991 c 199 art 2 s 28
MN Stat § 604.10 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.10 — Economic Loss Arising From The Sale Of Goods.

604.10 ECONOMIC LOSS ARISING FROM THE SALE OF GOODS. (a) Economic loss that arises from a sale of goods that is due to damage to tangible property other than the goods sold may be recovered in tort as well as in contract, but economic loss that arises from a sale of goods between parties who are each merchants in goods of the kind is not recoverable in tort. (b) Economic loss that arises from a sale of goods, between merchants, that is not due to damage to tangible property other than the goods sold may not be recovered in tort. (c) The economic loss recoverable in tort under this section does not include economic loss due to damage to the goods themselves. (d) The economic loss recoverable in tort under this section does not include economic loss incurred by a manufacturer of goods arising from damage to the manufactured goods and caused by a component of the goods. (e) This section shall not be interpreted to bar tort causes of action based upon fraud or fraudulent or intentional misrepresentation or limit remedies for those actions. History:  1991 c 352 s 2; 1993 c 91 s 1; 1Sp1998 c 2 s 1
MN Stat § 604.12 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.12 — Restrictions On Denying Access To Places Of Public Accommodation; Civil Actions.

604.12 RESTRICTIONS ON DENYING ACCESS TO PLACES OF PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION; CIVIL ACTIONS. Subdivision 1. Definitions. As used in this section: (1) "place of public accommodation" has the meaning given in section 363A.03, subdivision 34, but excludes recreational trails; (2) "criminal gang" has the meaning given in section 609.229, subdivision 1; and (3) "obscene" has the meaning given in section 617.241, subdivision 1. Subd. 2. Prohibition. (a) A place of public accommodation may not restrict access, admission, or usage to a person solely because the person operates a motorcycle or is wearing clothing that displays the name of an organization or association. (b) This subdivision does not prohibit the restriction of access, admission, or usage to a person because: (1) the person's conduct poses a risk to the health or safety of another or to the property of another; or (2) the clothing worn by the person is obscene or includes the name or symbol of a criminal gang. Subd. 3. Civil cause of action. A person injured by a violation of subdivision 2 may bring an action for actual damages, punitive damages under sections 549.191 and 549.20 in an amount not to exceed $500, injunctive relief, and reasonable attorney fees in an amount not to exceed $500. Subd. 4. Violation not a crime. Notwithstanding section 645.241, a violation of subdivision 2 is not a crime. History:   1998 c 367 art 11 s 18
MN Stat § 604.13 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.13 — Destruction Of Field Crop Products, Animals, Organisms, Or Cells; Civil Liability.

604.13 DESTRUCTION OF FIELD CROP PRODUCTS, ANIMALS, ORGANISMS, OR CELLS; CIVIL LIABILITY. Subdivision 1. Liability. No person other than the owner, designee, or agent may willfully and knowingly damage or destroy any field crop, animal, organism, or cell that is grown for testing or research purposes in conjunction or coordination with a private research facility or a university or a federal, state, or local government agency. A person who violates this subdivision is liable for three times the value of the crop, animal, organism, or cell damaged or destroyed, as provided in subdivisions 2 and 3. This section does not apply to crops, animals, organisms, or cells damaged or destroyed by emergency vehicles and personnel acting in a reasonable and prudent manner. Subd. 2. Damages; factors to consider. In awarding damages under this section, the court shall consider the market and research value of the crop, animal, organism, or cell prior to damage or destruction, and production, research, testing, replacement, and development costs directly related to the crop, animal, organism, or cell that has been damaged or destroyed as part of the value. Subd. 3. Damages; limit. Damages available under this section are limited to: (1) three times the market and research value of the crop, animal, organism, or cell prior to damage or destruction plus three times the actual damages involving production, research, testing, replacement, and development costs directly related to the crop, animal, organism, or cell that has been damaged or destroyed; and (2) an amount up to $100,000 to compensate for delays in completing testing or research resulting from a violation of subdivision 1. History:   2002 c 348 s 1
MN Stat § 604.14 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.14 — Civil Liability For Theft.

604.14 CIVIL LIABILITY FOR THEFT. Subdivision 1. Liability for theft of property. A person who steals personal property from another is civilly liable to the owner of the property for its value when stolen plus punitive damages of either $50 or up to 100 percent of its value when stolen, whichever is greater. If the property is merchandise stolen from a retail store, its value is the retail price of the merchandise in the store when the theft occurred. Subd. 2. Notice. In order to recover under subdivision 1 for the theft of a shopping cart, a store must have posted at the time of the theft a conspicuous notice describing the liability under subdivision 1. Subd. 3. Liability of parent or guardian. Section 540.18 applies to this section, except that recovery is not limited to special damages. Subd. 4. Criminal action. The filing of a criminal complaint, conviction, or guilty plea is not a prerequisite to liability under this section. Payment or nonpayment may not be used as evidence in a criminal action. Subd. 5. Recovery of property. The recovery of stolen property by a person does not affect liability under this section, other than liability for the value of the property. Subd. 6. Right to demand payment. A person may make a written demand for payment for the liability imposed by this section before beginning an action, including a copy of this section and a description of the liability contained in this section. History:  1988 c 481 s 1; 1989 c 224 s 2; 1989 c 262 s 4
MN Stat § 604.16 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.16 — Liability For Loss Suffered As A Result Of Peace Officer Pursuit; Penalties.

604.16 LIABILITY FOR LOSS SUFFERED AS A RESULT OF PEACE OFFICER PURSUIT; PENALTIES. Subdivision 1. Flee; definition. For purposes of this section, the term "flee" means to increase speed, extinguish motor vehicle headlights or taillights, or to use other means with intent to attempt to elude a peace officer following a signal given by any peace officer to the driver of a motor vehicle. Subd. 2. Peace officer; definition. For purposes of this section, "peace officer" means an employee of a political subdivision or state law enforcement agency who is licensed by the Minnesota Board of Peace Officer Standards and Training, charged with the prevention and detection of crime and the enforcement of the general criminal laws of the state and who has the full power of arrest, and shall also include the Minnesota State Patrol and Minnesota conservation officers. Subd. 3. Liability for loss. If a peace officer is acting in the lawful discharge of an official duty, a person fleeing the peace officer by means of a motor vehicle or motorcycle is liable for all bodily injury and property damage suffered by any other person, except another person fleeing from a peace officer, arising out of the operation or use of a pursuing peace officer's vehicle, unless the peace officer is not exercising reasonable care. History:  1981 c 37 s 2; 1981 c 312 s 3; 1984 c 445 s 1
MN Stat § 604.175 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.175 — Compliance With Debt Collection Requirements.

604.175 COMPLIANCE WITH DEBT COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS. (a) Any patient may bring an action to enjoin extraordinary collection actions taken by a nonprofit hospital if the hospital has failed to provide a plain language summary of the financial assistance policy. A prevailing patient is entitled to reasonable attorney fees and costs. (b) For the purposes of this section: (1) "extraordinary collection actions" means an action described in Code of Federal Regulations, title 26, section 1.501(r)-6; (2) "financial assistance policy" means a written policy that meets the requirements described in Code of Federal Regulations, title 26, section 1.501(r)-4; (3) "nonprofit hospital" means a hospital that claims federal tax status under United States Code, title 26, section 501(r); and (4) "plain language summary" has the meaning given in Code of Federal Regulations, title 26, section 1.501(r)-1. History:  2015 c 20 s 1; 2016 c 158 art 1 s 201
MN Stat § 604.19 (2021)
2021 Minnesota Statutes|Chapters 604 - 605 — Civil Actions|Chapter 604 — Civil Liability|Section 604.19 — Subversion Of Examination.

604.19 SUBVERSION OF EXAMINATION. (a) A person engages in examination subversion practice when, with respect to a licensing or certifying examination, the person: (1) removes from the examination room any examination materials without specific authorization; (2) without authorization, discloses, publishes, transmits, or reconstructs by any means, including but not limited to memorization, any portion of the examination; (3) pays or uses professional or paid examination takers for the purpose of reconstructing any portion of the examination; (4) without authorization, obtains examination questions, answers, or materials, whether requested or not, either before, during, or after an examination; (5) uses or purports to use any examination questions, answers, or materials that were improperly obtained from any examination for the purpose of instructing or preparing an applicant for examination; (6) sells or offers to sell, distributes or offers to distribute, buys or offers to buy, or receives or possesses without authorization any portion of a future, current, or previously administered examination; (7) communicates with any other person during the administration of an examination for the purpose of giving or receiving any unauthorized aid; (8) copies answers from another examinee or permits the person's own answers to be copied by another examinee; (9) possesses during the administration of the examination any books, equipment, notes, written or printed materials, or data of any kind, other than the examination materials distributed and materials otherwise specifically authorized to be possessed during the examination; (10) takes an examination using the identity of another person or has another person take an examination using a false identity; (11) engages in any other conduct that violates the security of the examination materials; (12) attempts to engage in any act listed in this paragraph; or (13) aids or abets another person to engage in any act listed in this paragraph. (b) Any person damaged or likely to be damaged by an examination subversion practice may seek injunctive relief in district court and recovery of damages caused by the practice. (c) The remedies provided in this subdivision are in addition to any other remedy or penalty that may be available for the same conduct as permitted by law. History:   2010 c 202 s 1