reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 39-7-29 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 7 - Improvement Authorities.|Section 39-7-29 - Authorization and Procedure for Enlarging of Services Furnished by Authority.

Section 39-7-29Authorization and procedure for enlarging of services furnished by authority. The authority shall not include in an enterprise in which it is engaged the furnishing of any services not named in the petition provided for by this chapter unless the furnishing of such additional services shall be submitted to and approved by the electors of the territory of such authority. If the board of trustees of such authority shall by resolution determine to submit the question of furnishing such additional services or if a petition requesting the submission of such a question in the general form and executed as provided for petitions for the submission to vote on the question of incorporating an authority under this chapter shall be filed with the secretary of the board of trustees of the authority, such question shall be submitted for the approval of such electors at a special election in the territory to be held not less than 60 days after the adoption of such resolution or the filing of such petition or at the next general election in the municipality if the same is held not less than 60 days after such adoption or filing. The mode or method of procedure for the submission of such question, the publication of notice therefor, the conduct thereof, the canvassing of votes thereat and the proclamation of result shall conform as nearly as may be reasonable with the mode or method of procedure for the submission of the question of the incorporation of such authority at an election as provided in this chapter, except that the board of trustees of each authority shall act in the place and stead of the governing body and the secretary of the board of trustees shall act in the place and stead of the clerk of the municipality. If the number of votes cast in favor of the furnishing of such additional services exceeds the number of votes cast against the furnishing of such additional services at such election, the authority shall within a reasonable time furnish such additional services. The provisions of this chapter relative to the jurisdiction of the authority and the transfer of property, powers and duties to the authority after the incorporation thereof shall apply to the enlargement of the services thereof in like manner and to the same extent as such provisions apply to the services furnished by the authority by virtue of the petition for incorporation. (Acts 1935, No. 40, p. 72; Code 1940, T. 50, §37.)
AL Code § 39-7-30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 7 - Improvement Authorities.|Section 39-7-30 - Authorization and Procedure for Diminishing of Services Furnished by Authority.

Section 39-7-30Authorization and procedure for diminishing of services furnished by authority. The services of the authority shall not be diminished so as to exclude from an enterprise in which the authority is engaged the furnishing of any services unless and until all bonds of the authority and interest thereon issued by the authority pursuant to this chapter shall have been finally paid and discharged, except with the consent of the holders of 75 percent in amount of such bonds then outstanding secured in whole or in part by a pledge of revenues derived from the furnishing of the services to be excluded. Thereafter, such services may be diminished and the mode or method of procedure for the diminishing of such services shall conform as nearly as may be reasonable to the provisions of this chapter relative to the manner of enlarging the services of such authority. (Acts 1935, No. 40, p. 72; Code 1940, T. 50, §38.)
AL Code § 39-7-31 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 7 - Improvement Authorities.|Section 39-7-31 - Limitation as to Number of Special Elections for Incorporating Authority or Enlarging or Diminishing Services Furnished by Authority.

Section 39-7-31Limitation as to number of special elections for incorporating authority or enlarging or diminishing services furnished by authority. Not more than one special election shall be held in any territory upon the question of enlarging or diminishing services and not more than two special elections upon the question of incorporating an authority in any calendar year. (Acts 1935, No. 40, p. 72; Code 1940, T. 50, §39.)
AL Code § 39-7-32 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 7 - Improvement Authorities.|Section 39-7-32 - Furnishing of Services Outside Boundaries of Municipality by Authority.

Section 39-7-32Furnishing of services outside boundaries of municipality by authority. No improvement authority incorporated under this chapter shall furnish any service to the inhabitants of a city or town other than the municipality, except with the consent of the governing body of such city or town. Except as provided in this section, the authority may furnish services for public and private uses in the area within 25 miles from the boundaries of its territory. (Acts 1935, No. 40, p. 72; Code 1940, T. 50, §47.)
AL Code § 39-7-33 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 7 - Improvement Authorities.|Section 39-7-33 - Purpose of Chapter; Chapter Exclusive as to Franchises, Licenses, Permits, etc., for Authorities.

Section 39-7-33Purpose of chapter; chapter exclusive as to franchises, licenses, permits, etc., for authorities. (a) This chapter is intended to aid the state in the execution of its duties by providing appropriate and independent instrumentalities of the state with full and adequate power to fulfill their functions. (b) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, it shall not be necessary for any improvement authority incorporated under this chapter to obtain, prior to engaging in an enterprise of furnishing a service or acquiring, constructing, reconstructing, improving or extending a plant system, any certificate of convenience or necessity, franchise, license, permit or any other authorization from any board, bureau, commission, department or other like agency of the state or any county, city or town of the state. (Acts 1935, No. 40, p. 72; Code 1940, T. 50, §48.)
AL Code § 39-7-34 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 7 - Improvement Authorities.|Section 39-7-34 - Provisions of Chapter Exclusive as to Matters Covered by Chapter.

Section 39-7-34Provisions of chapter exclusive as to matters covered by chapter. Any authority incorporated under this chapter insofar as the subject matter of this chapter is concerned shall be governed exclusively by the provisions of this chapter. (Acts 1935, No. 40, p. 72; Code 1940, T. 50, §50.)
AL Code § 39-8-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-1 - Short Title.

Section 39-8-1Short title. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §1.)
AL Code § 39-8-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-2 - Legislative Findings.

Section 39-8-2Legislative findings.  The Legislature finds and declares that this chapter shall do all of the following: (1) Provide for the efficient procurement of goods and services by governmental units. (2) Promote the economical, nondiscriminatory, and efficient administration and completion of state and state-funded or state-assisted construction projects. (3) Provide for fair and open competition for construction contracts, grants, tax abatements, and tax credits awarded by governmental units. (4) Prohibit requirements for certain terms in construction contracts awarded by governmental units or supported through grants and tax subsidies and abatements by governmental units. (5) Prohibit expenditure of public funds under certain conditions. (6) Prohibit certain terms in procurement documents for certain expenditures by governmental units involving public facilities. (7) Provide powers and duties for certain public officers, employees, and contractors. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §2.)
AL Code § 39-8-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-3 - Definitions.

Section 39-8-3Definitions.  As used in this chapter, the following words shall have the following meanings: (1) PUBLIC AGENCY. The State of Alabama, and any county, city, town, school district, or other political subdivision of the state, any public trust, any public entity specifically created by the statutes of the State of Alabama or as a result of statutory authorization therefor, and any department, agency, board, bureau, commission, committee, or authority of any of the foregoing public entities. (2) PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT. Any beneficial or valuable change or addition, betterment, enhancement, or amelioration of or upon any real property, or interest therein, belonging to a public agency intended to enhance its value, beauty, or utility or to adapt it to new or further purposes. The term does not include the direct purchase of materials, equipment, or supplies by a public agency, or any personal property. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §3.)
AL Code § 39-8-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-4 - Certain Contract Terms Prohibited.

Section 39-8-4Certain contract terms prohibited. A public agency awarding any contract for the construction, repair, remodeling, or demolition of a public improvement, or obligating funds pursuant to such a contract, shall ensure that neither the awarding public agency nor any construction manager acting on behalf of the public agency, in its bid specifications, project agreements, or other controlling documents shall include any of the following: (1) A term that requires, prohibits, encourages, or discourages bidders, contractors, or subcontractors from entering into or adhering to agreements with a collective bargaining organization relating to the construction project or other related construction projects. (2) A term that discriminates against bidders, contractors, or subcontractors based on the status as a party or nonparty to, or the willingness or refusal to enter into, an agreement with a collective bargaining organization relating to the construction project or other related construction projects. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §4.)
AL Code § 39-8-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-5 - Certain Awards Prohibited.

Section 39-8-5Certain awards prohibited.  A public agency shall not award a grant, tax abatement, or tax credit that is conditioned upon a requirement that the awardee include a term described in Section 39-8-4 in a contract document for any construction, improvement, maintenance, or renovation to real property or fixtures that are the subject of the grant, tax abatement, or tax credit. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §5.)
AL Code § 39-8-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-6 - Use of Certain Terms in Documents.

Section 39-8-6Use of certain terms in documents. A public agency or a construction manager or other contracting entity acting on behalf of a public agency shall not place any of the terms described in Section 39-8-4 in bid specifications, project agreements, or other controlling documents relating to the construction, repair, remodeling, or demolition of a public improvement. Any such included term shall be void and of no effect. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §6.)
AL Code § 39-8-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-7 - Exemptions.

Section 39-8-7Exemptions. The head of a public agency may exempt a particular project, contract, subcontract, grant, tax abatement, or tax credit from the requirements of Section 39-8-4 if the public agency finds, after public notice and hearing, that special circumstances require an exemption to avert an imminent threat to public health or safety. A finding of special circumstances under this section shall not be based on the possibility or presence of a labor dispute concerning the use of contractors or subcontractors who are nonsignatories to, or otherwise do not adhere to, agreements with one or more collective bargaining organizations, or concerning employees on the project who are not members of or affiliated with a collective bargaining organization. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §7.)
AL Code § 39-8-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 8 - Fair and Open Competition in Governmental Construction Act.|Section 39-8-8 - Applicability of Chapter.

Section 39-8-8Applicability of chapter.  (a) The requirements of this chapter shall not apply to public construction contracts executed before June 1, 2014. (b) This chapter does not do any of the following: (1) Prohibit employers or other parties from entering into agreements or engaging in any other activity protected by the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. Sections 151 to 169. (2) Interfere with labor relations of parties that are left unregulated under the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. Sections 151 to 169. (3) Prohibit a public agency from awarding a public contract, grant, tax abatement, or tax credit to a private owner, bidder, contractor, or subcontractor who enters into or who is a party to an agreement with a collective bargaining organization, if being or becoming a party or adhering to an agreement with a collective bargaining organization is not a condition for award of the public contract, grant, tax abatement, or tax credit, and if the public agency does not discriminate against a private owner, bidder, contractor, or subcontractor in the awarding of that grant, tax abatement, or tax credit based upon the status as being or becoming, or the willingness or refusal to become, a party to an agreement with a collective bargaining organization. (Act 2014-107, p. 180, §8.)
AL Code § 39-9-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-1 - Legislative Findings.

Section 39-9-1Legislative findings. The Legislature finds that it is in the best interest of this state and its residents to ensure that any private business or individual entering into a road or bridge contract is financially responsible under the tort liability system for damages that the private party may cause while performing under the contract. It is the intent of this chapter to promote competition and safety relating to road or bridge contracts by requiring a party to be responsible for any and all damages, losses, or injuries, including, but not limited to, attorney's fees and other litigation costs, caused by the party.  (Act 2021-244, §1.)
AL Code § 39-9-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-2 - Definitions.

Section 39-9-2Definitions. As used in this chapter, the following words have the following meanings: (1) PARTY. A private business or individual that is a party to a road and bridge contract. The term does not include the Department of Transportation, a county commission, or any other governmental awarding authority.  (2) ROAD OR BRIDGE CONTRACT. A contract or a subcontract for the planning, construction, repair, reconstruction, replacement, rehabilitation, or improvement of any road or bridge and financed in whole or in part by state, county, municipal, or federal funds. This definition does not include any contract for the installation, construction, repair, replacement, relocation, or maintenance of facilities or equipment of a utility or located on utility infrastructure in public road or bridge rights-of-way. (Act 2021-244, §2.)
AL Code § 39-9-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-3 - Certain Indemnification Requirements Unenforceable.

Section 39-9-3Certain indemnification requirements unenforceable. A road or bridge contract may not require a party to the contract to indemnify, hold harmless, or defend another party for liability, damages, losses, or costs caused by the negligence, wantonness, recklessness, or intentional misconduct of the party to be indemnified or its officers, employees, or agents. Any such requirement contained in a contract entered into after April 20, 2021 is void and unenforceable.  (Act 2021-244, §3.)
AL Code § 39-9-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-4 - Certain Indemnification Requirements Permitted.

Section 39-9-4Certain indemnification requirements permitted. A road or bridge contract may contain a provision requiring a party to the contract to indemnify, hold harmless, or defend another party, but only to the extent that liability, damages, losses, or costs are caused by the negligence, wantonness, recklessness, or intentional conduct of the indemnifying party or the indemnifying party's officers, employees, or agents. (Act 2021-244, §4.)
AL Code § 39-9-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-5 - Scope of Additional Insured Coverage Requirements.

Section 39-9-5Scope of additional insured coverage requirements. A road or bridge contract may not require a party to the contract to provide insurance coverage to another party as an additional insured for claims that arise out of or are caused by the second party's own negligent, reckless, wanton, or intentional conduct or that of its officers, employees, or agents. Any additional insured coverage required under a road or bridge contract may not be broader than the scope of indemnity provided for in Section 39-9-3 or Section 39-9-4.  (Act 2021-244, §5.)
AL Code § 39-9-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-6 - Applicability of Certain Indemnification Requirements.

Section 39-9-6Applicability of certain indemnification requirements. This chapter does not apply to indemnity of a surety by a principal on a construction contract bond or to indemnity of an insurer's obligations to its insureds.  (Act 2021-244, §6.)
AL Code § 39-9-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-7 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective April 20, 2021. This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 39-9-7Applicability to certain contracts between private parties to public works projects. This chapter only applies to indemnity contracts between private parties to public works projects for roads or bridges and has no effect on third-party tort claims. (Act 2021-244, §7.)
AL Code § 39-9-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-8 - Construction With Joint and Several Liability and Workers' Compensation Laws.

Section 39-9-8Construction with joint and several liability and workers' compensation laws. Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, this chapter shall not be interpreted or construed to affect joint and several liability or workers' compensation laws.  (Act 2021-244, §8.)
AL Code § 39-9-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 39 - Public Works.|Chapter 9 - Indemnification Provisions in Public Works Contracts Prohibited.|Section 39-9-9 - Contractual Obligations.

Section 39-9-9Contractual obligations. This chapter does not affect contractual obligations of any contracting party to the Department of Transportation, a county commission, or any other awarding entity. (Act 2021-244, §9.)
AL Code § 40-1-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 40 - Revenue and Taxation.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 40-1-1 - Definitions.

Section 40-1-1Definitions. For purposes of this title, and subject to additional definitions which are applicable to specific chapters or parts thereof, and unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the respective meanings ascribed by this section: (1) BLIND PERSONS. All persons who have a vision with adjusted glasses suitable to the eye or to the individual not greater than what is known as 20/200 vision. (2) FORM. This term shall be synonymous with the term "Return." (3) INCOMPETENT VETERAN. Any veteran who has been rated totally and permanently disabled by reason of insanity by the veterans' bureau and for whom a guardian has been appointed under the provisions of Sections 26-9-2 through 26-9-18. (4) IMPROVEMENTS. All buildings, structures, walls, fences, and any other things erected upon or affixed to the land. (5) MERCHANT. All persons, partnerships, trustees, receivers, corporations or other entities engaged in trading or dealing in any kind of goods, wares, or merchandise. (6) MASCULINE GENDER. All words importing the masculine gender shall also apply to females. (7) MONEY. Coins and paper currency of the United States of America used as a circulating medium of exchange. (8) PERSON. Any individual, association, estate, trust, partnership, corporation, or other entity of any kind. (9) PERSONAL PROPERTY. All things other than real property. (10) PLURAL NUMBER. All words in the plural number shall apply to single individuals in all cases in which the spirit and intent of this title require it. (11) PRESENT TENSE. All words importing the present tense shall also apply to the future. (12) PROPERTY. Real and personal property. (13) REAL PROPERTY. Land and all things thereunto pertaining, all structures, and all things annexed or attached thereto which would pass to a vendee by the conveyance of the land or property. (14) RETURN. Information submitted in a form allowed by the Department of Revenue for the reporting of tax liabilities or payments, and other reports required by the department. A tax return must identify the taxpayer as prescribed by regulation and must include other information required by the department. (15) SIGNATURE. A unique mark, process, or verification as allowed by regulation of the Department of Revenue identifying the natural person, natural persons or agent of a taxpayer or the person responsible for the preparation of the tax return or other document. Nothing in this definition shall be construed to make a paid preparer responsible for the tax liability of the taxpayer as identified by the return through signature. (16) VALUE. The fair and reasonable market value of property, estimated at the price which the property would bring at a fair voluntary sale. (Acts 1932, Ex. Sess., No. 68, p. 88; Acts 1935, No. 194, p. 256; Acts 1936-37, Ex. Sess., No. 72, p. 90; Code 1940, T. 51, §1; Acts 1997, No. 97-493, p. 878, §7.)