reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 45a-145. (Formerly Sec. 45-41) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-145. (Formerly Sec. 45-41) - Enforcement of judgment on bond.

 (a) Any representative of an estate or any person suing on his own behalf and that of all others interested in the estate, who secures a judgment upon a probate bond, may file a judgment lien in his own name as representative of the estate or as representing himself and all other interested persons. He may, with the permission of the judge of the court of probate in which the estate is in settlement, bring any proper action to enforce the lien. He may, by order of the court of probate secured as provided in section 45a-162, sell any such lien or any real property obtained by the enforcement of the lien or upon execution and he may release the lien by a certificate of discharge.(b) If any person bringing such an action on his own behalf and that of all others interested in the estate dies or is guilty of a breach of duty, the court of probate in which the estate is in settlement may appoint some other person in his stead. Such other person shall, upon giving a bond as provided in section 45a-144, acceptable to the court, be vested with the same rights and subject to the same duties as the person in whose stead he is acting with reference to the action, the enforcement of any judgment recovered or lien thereon and the discharge of any such lien.(1949 Rev., S. 6848; P.A. 80-476, S. 72.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and reworded provisions; Sec. 45-41 transferred to Sec. 45a-145 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-152. (Formerly Sec. 45-268a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-152. (Formerly Sec. 45-268a) - Suit upon claims. Time limitation.

 When any guardian, conservator or testamentary or other trustee required to account in a court of probate is unable to settle or adjust any claim against him as such, or when any such guardian, conservator or trustee and a claimant against him are unable to agree concerning the amount or validity of such claim, such guardian, conservator or trustee may give written notice to such claimant of the disallowance of his claim, wholly or in part. Unless such claimant commences a suit against such guardian, conservator or trustee within four months after such notice has been given, such claimant shall be barred of his claim against such guardian, conservator or trustee, except such part as has been allowed, and of any such claim against the estate or trust; but, if such creditor dies within such four months and before suit has been brought, a period of four months from his death shall be allowed to his executor or administrator within which to commence such suit.(P.A. 80-476, S. 191.)History: Sec. 45-268a transferred to Sec. 45a-152 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-153. (Formerly Sec. 45-232) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-153. (Formerly Sec. 45-232) - Submission of claims to arbitration.

 (a) An executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee appointed, or whose appointment has been approved, by a Probate Court, may apply in writing to the Probate Court having jurisdiction of his or her trust for an order authorizing the applicant to submit the matter in controversy to the arbitration of persons who are mutually agreed upon by the applicant and the other party to any matter in controversy which is described in this subsection or subsection (b) of this section, if: (1) The applicant has any claim in the applicant's capacity as such fiduciary, or on behalf of the interest which he or she represents, against any person or to any property; or (2) any person has any claim against or to any property which is in the applicant's control in the applicant's capacity as such fiduciary.(b) The court may authorize the submission to arbitration following a hearing of which notice has been given to the parties in interest as ordered by the court.(1949 Rev., S. 7017; P.A. 80-476, S. 74; P.A. 18-45, S. 17.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and restated provisions; Sec. 45-232 transferred to Sec. 45a-153 in 1991; P.A. 18-45 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “, trustee in insolvency”, and making technical changes.Annotation to former section 45-232:Cited. 7 CS 225.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-154. (Formerly Sec. 45-233) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-154. (Formerly Sec. 45-233) - Award of arbitrators.

 The award made upon submission to arbitration shall be in writing, signed by the arbitrator or arbitrators and returned to the Court of Probate. When the award is so made and accepted by the court and lodged on file, the award shall be final and binding upon all parties unless remonstrance is taken under section 45a-155.(1949 Rev., S. 7018; P.A. 80-476, S. 75.)History: P.A. 80-476 rephrased provisions and qualified provision making award final and binding by adding “unless remonstrance is taken under section 45-234”; Sec. 45-233 transferred to Sec. 45a-154 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-155. (Formerly Sec. 45-234) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-155. (Formerly Sec. 45-234) - Remonstrance against award. Refusal of court to accept award.

 Any party interested may remonstrate against the acceptance of the arbitration award on any ground which would be sufficient to set aside such an award in a court of equity. If the allegations in the remonstrance are found to be true and sufficient, the court of equity shall refuse to accept the award, and the matter in controversy may again be submitted to arbitration, and the proceedings shall be the same as provided in sections 45a-153 and 45a-154 and this section.(1949 Rev., S. 7019; P.A. 80-476, S. 76.)History: P.A. 80-476 restated provisions but made no substantive change; Sec. 45-234 transferred to Sec. 45a-155 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-156. (Formerly Sec. 45-235) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-156. (Formerly Sec. 45-235) - Costs of arbitration.

 (a) The fees for the services of the judge of probate shall be paid by the applicant.(b) The fees and charges of the arbitrator or arbitrators shall be taxed by the judge and apportioned by him between the parties as he judges proper and shall be paid by them according to the apportionment.(c) Other costs shall not be allowed.(1949 Rev., S. 7020; P.A. 80-476, S. 77.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and restated provisions; Sec. 45-235 transferred to Sec. 45a-156 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-162. (Formerly Sec. 45-236) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-162. (Formerly Sec. 45-236) - Sale of choses in action and other property.

 Before the final settlement of any estate, the Court of Probate may order the sale of the credits and choses in action belonging to such estate, and may at any time order the sale of personal property, and in the case of an insolvent debtor's estate of all or any property, as it finds for the interest of the estate, in a manner and after notice which it judges reasonable. The court, in making orders for the sale of the property described in this section, may order it to be sold at public or private sale at the discretion of the person authorized to make the sale. After a hearing the court may authorize that the property be sold to the fiduciary either directly or under the provisions of section 45a-163, except that if a public sale is ordered, the fiduciary may be the purchaser only if the sale is made under section 45a-163. In the case of any proposed sale to a fiduciary, any notice sent to interested parties and any public notice shall indicate that the fiduciary is the proposed purchaser.(1949 Rev., S. 7021; P.A. 80-476, S. 78; P.A. 83-87, S. 1.)History: P.A. 80-476 restated provisions and substituted “property” for “estate” in some instances; P.A. 83-87 added provisions re purchase of property by fiduciary; Sec. 45-236 transferred to Sec. 45a-162 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-236:Order of sale extends to all property known to court, even if not inventoried. 2 D. 316. Avails of sale of real estate in hands of removed executor should be paid to successor. 17 C. 420. Sale must be for cash. 21 C. 285. If husband elects to accept provisions in will, he cannot thereafter, as executor, obtain order to sell estate to make up his statutory share. 64 C. 352. Order of sale will not justify exchange. 77 C. 374. Order of sale to pay debts will not justify sale after final accounting. Id.; 81 C. 94. Court should not order a sale where it will compel one legatee to buy or sell an interest at a loss. Id., 95. Private sale should have public notice. 134 C. 334. Sale of estate personal property, though approved by Probate Court, may be reviewed de novo by appellate court; former doctrine of discretion of Probate Court reversed. 158 C. 286.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-163. (Formerly Sec. 45-237) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-163. (Formerly Sec. 45-237) - Sale of personal property by other than fiduciary.

 (a) Upon the written application of any fiduciary described in section 45a-164, after such notice which the court may order and after hearing, the Court of Probate may authorize a person other than the fiduciary to sell the whole or any part of or any interest in any personal property of any incapable person, minor, missing person, deceased person or trustee, or any property to which the fiduciary may hold legal title in such capacity, if: (1) Such person has first given a probate bond that he will faithfully administer and account for the proceeds of the sale according to law; and (2) the court finds that to grant the application would be in the best interests of the parties in interest. If any party having an interest in such personal property is not in being or is not ascertained or is under a disability, the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interest of such party at the hearing, unless such party already is represented by a guardian or by a conservator. Such order, and the sale thereunder, shall be conclusive upon all persons then or thereafter existing whose interests have been so represented.(b) The person selling the personal property shall pay to the fiduciary the sum for which such personal property was sold.(c) The Court of Probate shall direct whether the sale shall be public or private, and, if public, the notice thereof which shall be given, and, if private, may authorize the sale at a price and upon terms, including such mortgage or mortgages, as it considers reasonable or advisable.(1949, S. 2937d; P.A. 80-476, S. 79; P.A. 83-87, S. 2; P.A. 98-219, S. 21.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs., restated provisions and substituted “personal property” for “personal estate”; P.A. 83-87 amended Subsec. (c) by deleting provision re purchase of personal property by fiduciary; Sec. 45-237 transferred to Sec. 45a-163 in 1991; P.A. 98-219 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “public notice and other” and inserted “such” before “notice”.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-165. (Formerly Sec. 45-243) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-165. (Formerly Sec. 45-243) - Sale or mortgage of real property by successor to original appointee or survivor of appointees.

 (a) When any conservator, guardian, administrator, executor or trustee, who has been authorized under the provisions of sections 45a-164 to 45a-169, inclusive, and 45a-428 to sell or mortgage any real property, has died, resigned or been removed without having sold or mortgaged such real property, the court of probate by which such sale or mortgage was authorized may, upon written application by his duly appointed successor, authorize the sale or mortgage of the real property remaining unsold or unmortgaged upon his giving such probate bond, if any, and upon such further notice, if any, as said court orders.(b) The court may likewise, upon similar application, authorize the survivor or survivors, as the case may be, of two or more executors, administrators, trustees, conservators or guardians to sell or mortgage any real property that the original fiduciaries were authorized to sell or mortgage upon giving such probate bond, if any, and upon such further notice, if any, as the court orders.(1949 Rev., S. 7027; P.A. 80-227, S. 19, 24; 80-476, S. 81.)History: P.A. 80-227 removed overseers appointed pursuant to Sec. 54-37 from purview of section, effective July 1, 1981; P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs., substituted “real property” for “real estate” and made other slight changes in wording; Sec. 45-243 transferred to Sec. 45a-165 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-166. (Formerly Sec. 45-241) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-166. (Formerly Sec. 45-241) - Public or private sale of real property. Distribution of proceeds. Validation of sale.

 (a) The Court of Probate in ordering a sale under the provisions of sections 45a-164 to 45a-169, inclusive, and 45a-428 shall direct whether the sale shall be public or private. If a public sale is directed, the court shall direct the notice thereof which shall be given. If a private sale is directed, the court may, if it appears to be for the best interests of the estate, determine the price and the terms of the sale, including purchase money mortgage or mortgages, as it considers reasonable and advisable.(b) The net proceeds of the sale shall be divided or distributed in the same manner as such real property would have been divided or distributed if it had not been sold.(c) If a court of probate fails to direct whether the sale is to be public or private as required by subsection (a) of this section and authorizes a sale to be either public or private subject to the discretion of the fiduciary, a sale conducted pursuant to that order is as valid as if the court had not failed to direct whether the sale is to be public or private.(1949 Rev., S. 7025; 1949, S. 2939d; P.A. 80-476, S. 82; P.A. 99-238, S. 6, 8; P.A. 00-84, S. 3, 6.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and restated provisions; Sec. 45-241 transferred to Sec. 45a-166 in 1991; P.A. 99-238 added Subsec. (c) re validity of sale pursuant to order if court fails to direct whether sale to be public or private, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 00-84 revised effective date of P.A. 99-238 to specify applicability of section as amended by that act to errors, irregularities and omissions occurring on or after January 1, 1999, effective July 1, 2000.Annotations to former section 45-241:Probate Court ordered a public sale of real estate of an estate “by sealed bids to be received by the court”; held not a public sale; a public sale is one made at auction to highest bidder; order of court was void. 135 C. 20. Only persons affected by an order approving the sale of property constituting an asset of an estate are those to whom the estate will be distributed or creditors, if the estate is insolvent. 142 C. 379. Cited. 186 C. 360.Cited. 4 CA 436; 20 CA 58.Annotations to present section:Subsec. (a):Cited. 24 CA 582. Probate Court not required to hold public hearing to give potential bidders an opportunity to comment on bidding procedure. 66 CA 591.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-167. (Formerly Sec. 45-244) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-167. (Formerly Sec. 45-244) - Sale of real property by other than fiduciary.

 (a) Any court of probate to which an application to sell real property has been made under the provisions of section 45a-164, may authorize a person other than the fiduciary to sell it in accordance with the provisions of sections 45a-164 and 45a-166 if such person has given a probate bond and if a probate bond is in force for the fiduciary in accordance with section 45a-164, unless exempted therefrom under section 45a-169.(b) Such person selling the real property shall pay to the fiduciary the sum for which such real property was sold.(1949 Rev., S. 7028; P.A. 80-227, S. 20, 24; 80-476, S. 83; P.A. 83-87, S. 4.)History: P.A. 80-227 rephrased provision re probate bonds and deleted clause requiring that person other than fiduciary making sale “will faithfully administer and account for the avails of such sale according to law”, effective July 1, 1981; P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs., rephrased provisions and substituted “real property” for “real estate”; P.A. 83-87 deleted provision permitting fiduciary to be a purchaser of real property; Sec. 45-244 transferred to Sec. 45a-167 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-244:Failure to follow statute makes sale voidable and even though sale is made through intermediate conveyance to third party, relief lies in Superior Court. 105 C. 560. Effect and intent of former statute. 127 C. 480. Cited. 134 C. 334. Action of court in receiving and recording a return of sale is ministerial and no appeal lies. 140 C. 594.Not obligatory upon an executor to proceed under section; he may sell to himself and such sale will not be void but if challenged, the burden is on him to show that the transaction was fair and equitable. 13 CS 114.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-168. (Formerly Sec. 45-242) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-168. (Formerly Sec. 45-242) - Mortgage of real property: Amount and interest rate. Liability of fiduciary.

 (a) An application to mortgage real property made under the provisions of sections 45a-164 to 45a-169, inclusive, and 45a-428 shall set forth the amount of money necessary to be raised and the purposes for which the money is required.(b) The order of the court upon the application to mortgage shall fix the amount for which the mortgage may be given and the rate of interest which may be paid thereon.(c) The note and mortgage legally executed by such conservator, guardian, administrator, executor, trustee or overseer shall bind the estate, but shall not bind such fiduciary individually.(1949 Rev., S. 7026; P.A. 80-476, S. 84.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs., substituted “real property” for “real estate” and made other minor changes in wording; Sec. 45-242 transferred to Sec. 45a-168 in 1991.Annotation to former section 45-242:Former statute cited. 120 C. 671.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-169. (Formerly Sec. 45-240) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-169. (Formerly Sec. 45-240) - When probate bond not required.

 The Court of Probate may dispense with the requirement of a probate bond as set forth in sections 45a-162 to 45a-169, inclusive, if: (1) The fiduciary is a bank or trust company authorized to do business and maintaining a place of business in this state; (2) the fiduciary is a foreign bank or trust company which has qualified and been approved as such fiduciary; (3) the fiduciary is excused by the will from giving a probate bond; or (4) the Court of Probate determines that a bond is not required for the protection of interested parties.(1949 Rev., S. 7024; P.A. 73-254; P.A. 80-476, S. 85.)History: P.A. 73-254 authorized court to waive probate bond requirement if it determines the bond to be unnecessary “for the protection of interested parties”; P.A. 80-476 restated provisions but made no substantive change; Sec. 45-240 transferred to Sec. 45a-169 in 1991.Annotation to former section 45-240:Cited. 140 C. 594.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-176. (Formerly Sec. 45-267a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-176. (Formerly Sec. 45-267a) - Financial report by fiduciary in lieu of account. Release from liability.

 If a fiduciary is permitted to submit a financial report in lieu of an account pursuant to rules of procedure adopted under section 45a-78 and the Probate Court approves the financial report, the Probate Court may enter a decree releasing the fiduciary and the sureties on the fiduciary's bond, if any, from any further liability with respect to all items shown on the financial report.(P.A. 77-29; P.A. 80-476, S. 87; P.A. 83-520, S. 8; P.A. 93-68; P.A. 98-219, S. 23; P.A. 13-81, S. 2.)History: P.A. 80-476 made minor changes in wording but no substantive changes; P.A. 83-520 permitted fiduciary to file statement in lieu of accounting whenever multiple fiduciaries of estate are the only beneficiaries and all dispositions to other beneficiaries are specific bequests, except in the case where any beneficiary is trustee of testamentary or inter vivos trust, and added procedure re filing receipts of beneficiaries of specific bequests; Sec. 45-267a transferred to Sec. 45a-176 in 1991; P.A. 93-68 divided section into Subsecs. and added provision re bequests of personal property or an amount certain or devises of specific real property; P.A. 98-219 revised section permitting statement in lieu of accounting if any fiduciary is one of beneficiaries; P.A. 13-81 replaced former provisions with provisions re fiduciary permitted to submit a financial report in lieu of an account under rules of procedure and release of liability upon court's approval of financial report and entering of decree, effective July 1, 2013.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-178. (Formerly Sec. 45-269) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-178. (Formerly Sec. 45-269) - Allowance of interim accounts. Notice and hearing.

 The Court of Probate shall direct what notice, if any, shall be given to the parties in interest of the filing of any account described in section 45a-177, and of the hearing thereon, and may adjust and allow the account. The court may make any order necessary and proper to secure the execution of the duties of such fiduciary, subject to appeal as in other cases.(1949 Rev., S. 7053; P.A. 80-476, S. 89.)History: P.A. 80-476 rephrased provisions but made no substantive changes; Sec. 45-269 transferred to Sec. 45a-178 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-269:Effect of section. 69 C. 262. Cited. 70 C. 375; 147 C. 482; 148 C. 361.Annotation to present section:Cited. 42 CS 548.