reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Civ Code art. 2361 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2361. Obligations incurred during marriage; presumption.

Except as provided in Article 2363, all obligations incurred by a spouse during the existence of a community property regime are presumed to be community obligations. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2362 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2362. Alimentary obligation.

An alimentary obligation imposed by law on a spouse is deemed to be a community obligation. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2362.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2362.1. Obligation incurred in an action for divorce

  A. An obligation incurred before the date of a judgment of divorce for attorney fees and costs in an action for divorce and in incidental actions is deemed to be a community obligation.  B. The obligation for attorney fees and costs incurred by the perpetrator of abuse or awarded against him in an action for divorce granted pursuant to Article 103(4) or (5) or in an action in which the court determines that a spouse or a child of one of the spouses was the victim of domestic abuse committed by the perpetrator during the marriage, and in incidental actions, shall be a separate obligation of the perpetrator.  Acts 1990, No. 1009, §3, eff. Jan. 1, 1991; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1; Acts 2015, No. 221, §1; Acts 2018, No. 264, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2363 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2363. Separate obligation

A separate obligation of a spouse is one incurred by that spouse prior to the establishment of a community property regime, or one incurred during the existence of a community property regime though not for the common interest of the spouses or for the interest of the other spouse. An obligation resulting from an intentional wrong or an obligation incurred for the separate property of a spouse is likewise a separate obligation to the extent that it does not benefit both spouses, the family, or the other spouse. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1990, No. 1009, §3, eff. Jan. 1, 1991; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2364 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2364. Satisfaction of separate obligation with community property or former community property.

If community property has been used during the existence of the community property regime or former community property has been used thereafter to satisfy a separate obligation of a spouse, the other spouse is entitled to reimbursement for one-half of the amount or value that the property had at the time it was used. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2365 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2365. Satisfaction of community obligation with separate property

If separate property of a spouse has been used either during the existence of the community property regime or thereafter to satisfy a community obligation, that spouse is entitled to reimbursement for one-half of the amount or value that the property had at the time it was used. If the community obligation was incurred to acquire ownership or use of a community corporeal movable required by law to be registered, and separate property of a spouse has been used after termination to satisfy that obligation, the reimbursement claim shall be reduced in proportion to the value of the claimant's use after termination of the community property regime. The value of that use and the amount of the claim for reimbursement accrued during the use are presumed to be equal. The liability of a spouse who owes reimbursement is limited to the value of his share of all community property after deduction of all community obligations. Nevertheless, if the community obligation was incurred for the ordinary and customary expenses of the marriage, or for the support, maintenance, or education of children of either spouse in keeping with the economic condition of the spouses, the spouse is entitled to reimbursement from the other spouse regardless of the value of that spouse's share of all community property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1990, No. 991, §1; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2366 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2366. Use of community property or former community property for the benefit of separate property

If community property has been used during the existence of the community property regime or former community property has been used thereafter for the acquisition, use, improvement, or benefit of the separate property of a spouse, the other spouse is entitled to reimbursement for one-half of the amount or value that the community property had at the time it was used. Buildings, other constructions permanently attached to the ground, and plantings made on the separate property of a spouse with community property belong to the owner of the ground. The other spouse is entitled to reimbursement for one-half of the amount or value that the community property had at the time it was used. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1984, No. 933, §1; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2367 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2367. Use of separate property for the benefit of community property

If separate property of a spouse has been used during the existence of the community property regime for the acquisition, use, improvement, or benefit of community property, that spouse is entitled to reimbursement for one-half of the amount or value that the property had at the time it was used. The liability of the spouse who owes reimbursement is limited to the value of his share of all community property after deduction of all community obligations. Buildings, other constructions permanently attached to the ground, and plantings made on community property with separate property of a spouse during the existence of the community property regime are community property. The spouse whose separate property was used is entitled to reimbursement for one-half of the amount or value that the separate property had at the time it was used. The liability of the spouse who owes reimbursement is limited to the value of his share in all community property after deduction of all community obligations. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1984, No. 933, §1; Acts 1990, No. 991, §1; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2367.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2367.1. Use of separate property for the benefit of separate property

If separate property of a spouse has been used during the existence of the community property regime for the acquisition, use, improvement, or benefit of the other spouse's separate property, the spouse whose property was used is entitled to reimbursement for the amount or value that the property had at the time it was used. Buildings, other constructions permanently attached to the ground, and plantings made on the land of a spouse with the separate property of the other spouse belong to the owner of the ground. The spouse whose property was used is entitled to reimbursement for the amount or value that the property had at the time it was used. Acts 1984, No. 933, §1; Acts 1990, No. 991, §1; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2367.2 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2367.2. Component parts of separate property

When a spouse with his own separate property incorporates in or attaches to a separate immovable of the other spouse things that become component parts under Articles 465 and 466, Article 2367.1 applies. Acts 1984, No. 933, §1; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2367.3 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2367.3. Satisfaction of separate obligation with separate property

If a spouse uses separate property during the existence of the community property regime to satisfy the separate obligation of the other spouse, the spouse whose property was used is entitled to reimbursement for the amount or value the property had at the time it was used. Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2368 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2368. Increase of the value of separate property.

If the separate property of a spouse has increased in value as a result of the uncompensated common labor or industry of the spouses, the other spouse is entitled to be reimbursed from the spouse whose property has increased in value one-half of the increase attributed to the common labor. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369. Accounting between spouses; prescription.

A spouse owes an accounting to the other spouse for community property under his control at the termination of the community property regime. The obligation to account prescribes in three years from the date of termination of the community property regime. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.1. Application of co-ownership provisions

After termination of the community property regime, the provisions governing co-ownership apply to former community property, unless otherwise provided by law or by juridical act. When the community property regime terminates for a cause other than death or judgment of declaration of death of a spouse, the following Articles also apply to former community property until a partition, or the death or judgment of declaration of death of a spouse. Acts 1990, No. 991, §1; Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.2 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.2. Ownership interest

Each spouse owns an undivided one-half interest in former community property and its fruits and products. Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.3 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.3. Duty to preserve; standard of care

  A spouse has a duty to preserve and to manage prudently former community property under his control in a manner consistent with the mode of use of that property immediately prior to termination of the community regime. He is answerable for any damage caused by his fault, default, or neglect.  Acts 1995, No. 433, §1; Acts 2017, No. 197, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.4 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.4. Alienation, encumbrance, or lease prohibited

A spouse may not alienate, encumber, or lease former community property or his undivided community interest in that property without the concurrence of the other spouse, except as provided in the following Articles. In the absence of such concurrence, the alienation, encumbrance, or lease is a relative nullity. Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.5 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.5. Alienation of registered movables

A spouse may alienate, encumber, or lease a movable issued or registered in his name as provided by law. Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.6 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.6. Alienation, encumbrance, or lease of movable assets of former community enterprise

The spouse who is the sole manager of a former community enterprise may alienate, encumber, or lease its movables in the regular course of business. Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.7 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.7. Court authorization to act alone

A spouse may be authorized by the court in a summary proceeding to act without the concurrence of the other spouse, upon showing all of the following: (1) The action is necessary. (2) The action is in the best interest of the petitioning spouse and not detrimental to the interest of the nonconcurring spouse. (3) The other spouse is an absent person or arbitrarily refuses to concur, or is unable to concur due to physical incapacity, mental incompetence, commitment, imprisonment, or temporary absence. Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2369.8 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2369.8. Right to partition; no exclusion by agreement; judicial partition

A spouse has the right to demand partition of former community property at any time. A contrary agreement is absolutely null. If the spouses are unable to agree on the partition, either spouse may demand judicial partition which shall be conducted in accordance with R.S. 9:2801. Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2370 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2370. Separation of property regime.

A regime of separation of property is established by a matrimonial agreement that excludes the legal regime of community of acquets and gains or by a judgment decreeing separation of property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2371 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2371. Management of property.

Under the regime of separation of property each spouse acting alone uses, enjoys, and disposes of his property without the consent or concurrence of the other spouse. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2372 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2372. Necessaries.

A spouse is solidarily liable with the other spouse who incurs an obligation for necessaries for himself or the family. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2373 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2373. Expenses of the marriage.

Each spouse contributes to the expenses of the marriage as provided in the matrimonial agreement. In the absence of such a provision, each spouse contributes in proportion to his means. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2374 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2374. Judgment of separation of property

A. When the interest of a spouse in a community property regime is threatened to be diminished by the fraud, fault, neglect, or incompetence of the other spouse, or by the disorder of the affairs of the other spouse, he may obtain a judgment decreeing separation of property. B. When a spouse is an absent person, the other spouse is entitled to a judgment decreeing separation of property. C. When a petition for divorce has been filed, upon motion of either spouse, a judgment decreeing separation of property may be obtained upon proof that the spouses have lived separate and apart without reconciliation for at least thirty days from the date of, or prior to, the filing of the petition for divorce. D. When the spouses have lived separate and apart continuously for a period of six months, a judgment decreeing separation of property shall be granted on the petition of either spouse. Acts 1992, No. 295, §1; Acts 1993, No. 25, §1; Acts 1993, No. 627, §1; Acts 2010, No. 603, §1, eff. June 25, 2010.
LA Civ Code art. 2375 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2375. Effect of judgment

  A. Except as provided in Paragraph C of this Article, a judgment decreeing separation of property terminates the regime of community property retroactively to the day of the filing of the petition or motion therefor, without prejudice to rights validly acquired in the interim between filing of the petition or motion and rendition of judgment.  B. If a judgment has been rendered, in accordance with Article 2374(C) or (D), a reconciliation reestablishes the regime of community property between the spouses retroactively to the day of its termination, unless prior to the reconciliation the spouses execute a matrimonial agreement to the contrary. This agreement need not be approved by the court and is effective toward third persons when filed for registry in the manner provided by Article 2332. The reestablishment of the community is effective toward third persons when a notice thereof is filed for registry in the same manner.  C. If a judgment is rendered on the ground that the spouses were living separate and apart without having reconciled for at least thirty days from the date of, or prior to, the filing of the petition for divorce, the judgment shall be effective retroactively to the date the petition for divorce was filed, without prejudice to rights validly acquired in the interim.  Acts 1992, No. 295, §1; Acts 1993, No. 25, §1; Acts 1993, No. 627, §1; Acts 1997, No. 35, §1; Acts 2010, No. 603, §1, eff. June 25, 2010; Acts 2017, No. 197, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2376 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2376. Rights of creditors.

The creditors of a spouse, by intervention in the proceeding, may object to the separation of property or modification of their matrimonial regime as being in fraud of their rights. They also may sue to annul a judgment of separation of property within one year from the date of the rendition of the final judgment. After execution of the judgment, they may assert nullity only to the extent that they have been prejudiced. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2432 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2432. Right to marital portion.

When a spouse dies rich in comparison with the surviving spouse, the surviving spouse is entitled to claim the marital portion from the succession of the deceased spouse. Acts 1979, No. 710, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2433 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2433. Incident of marriage; charge on the succession.

The marital portion is an incident of any matrimonial regime and a charge on the succession of the deceased spouse. It may be claimed by the surviving spouse, even if separated from the deceased, on proof that the separation occurred without his fault. Acts 1979, No. 710, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2434 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2434. Quantum

The marital portion is one-fourth of the succession in ownership if the deceased died without children, the same fraction in usufruct for life if he is survived by three or fewer children, and a child's share in such usufruct if he is survived by more than three children. In no event, however, shall the amount of the marital portion exceed one million dollars. Acts 1979, No. 710, §1; Acts 1987, No. 289, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2435 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2435. Deduction of legacy.

A legacy left by the deceased to the surviving spouse and payments due to him as a result of the death are deducted from the marital portion. Acts 1979, No. 710, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2436 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2436. Nonheritable right; prescription.

The right of the surviving spouse to claim the marital portion is personal and nonheritable. This right prescribes three years from the date of death. Acts 1979, No. 710, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2437 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2437. Periodic allowance.

When, during the administration of the succession, it appears that the surviving spouse will be entitled to the marital portion, he has the right to demand and receive a periodic allowance from the succession representative. The amount of the allowance is fixed by the court in which the succession proceeding is pending. If the marital portion, as finally fixed, is less than the allowance, the surviving spouse is charged with the deficiency. Acts 1979, No. 710, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2438 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2438. Rules of other titles

In all matters for which no special provision is made in this title, the contract of sale is governed by the rules of the titles on Obligations in General and Conventional Obligations or Contracts. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2439 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2439. Definition

Sale is a contract whereby a person transfers ownership of a thing to another for a price in money. The thing, the price, and the consent of the parties are requirements for the perfection of a sale. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2440 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2440. Sale of immovable, method of making

A sale or promise of sale of an immovable must be made by authentic act or by act under private signature, except as provided in Article 1839. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2442 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2442. Recordation of sale of immovable to affect third parties

The parties to an act of sale or promise of sale of immovable property are bound from the time the act is made, but such an act is not effective against third parties until it is filed for registry according to the laws of registry. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995; Acts 2005, No. 169, §2, eff. July 1, 2006; Acts 2005, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 13, §1, eff. Nov. 29, 2005.
LA Civ Code art. 2443 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2443. Purchase of a thing already owned

A person cannot purchase a thing he already owns. Nevertheless, the owner of a thing may purchase the rights of a person who has, or may have, an adverse claim to the thing. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2447 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2447. Sale of litigious rights, prohibitions

Officers of a court, such as judges, attorneys, clerks, and law enforcement agents, cannot purchase litigious rights under contestation in the jurisdiction of that court. The purchase of a litigious right by such an officer is null and makes the purchaser liable for all costs, interest, and damages. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2448 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2448. Things that may be sold

All things corporeal or incorporeal, susceptible of ownership, may be the object of a contract of sale, unless the sale of a particular thing is prohibited by law. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2450 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2450. Sale of future things

A future thing may be the object of a contract of sale. In such a case the coming into existence of the thing is a condition that suspends the effects of the sale. A party who, through his fault, prevents the coming into existence of the thing is liable for damages. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2451 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2451. Sale of a hope

A hope may be the object of a contract of sale. Thus, a fisherman may sell a haul of his net before he throws it. In that case the buyer is entitled to whatever is caught in the net, according to the parties' expectations, and even if nothing is caught the sale is valid. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2452 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2452. Sale of the thing of another

The sale of a thing belonging to another does not convey ownership. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2453 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2453. Sale of thing pending litigation of ownership

When the ownership of a thing is the subject of litigation, the sale of that thing during the pendency of the suit does not affect the claimant's rights. Where the thing is immovable, the rights of third persons are governed by the laws of registry. Amended by Acts 1878, No. 3; Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2456 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2456. Transfer of ownership

Ownership is transferred between the parties as soon as there is agreement on the thing and the price is fixed, even though the thing sold is not yet delivered nor the price paid. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2457 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2457. Transfer of ownership; things not individualized

When the object of a sale is a thing that must be individualized from a mass of things of the same kind, ownership is transferred when the thing is thus individualized according to the intention of the parties. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2458 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2458. Sale by weight, tale or measure; lump sales

When things are sold by weight, tale, or measure, ownership is transferred between the parties when the seller, with the buyer's consent, weighs, counts or measures the things. When things, such as goods or produce, are sold in a lump, ownership is transferred between the parties upon their consent, even though the things are not yet weighed, counted, or measured. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.
LA Civ Code art. 2460 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2460. Sale on view or trial

When the buyer has reserved the view or trial of the thing, ownership is not transferred from the seller to the buyer until the latter gives his approval of the thing. Acts 1993, No. 841, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1995.