reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 6-2-115.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 2 - Unfair Practices Act|§ 6-2-115.5. State Agencies - Authority to Contract With Private Enterprise

  Any state agency which is provided goods or services or which provides goods to the public, including manufacturing, processing, selling, offering for sale, renting, leasing, delivering, distributing, or advertising, shall determine if such goods can also be provided for by contract with private persons, partnerships, or corporations or any other type of private enterprise.    Whenever a state agency determines that goods provided by it to the public can be more cost-effectively delivered by contract with private enterprise, or whenever a state agency determines that goods can be provided to it more cost-effectively by contract with private enterprise, such state agency is authorized to enter into a contract, in accordance with the “Procurement Code”, articles 101 to 112 of title 24, C.R.S., to obtain such goods.    The provisions of subsections (1) and (2) of this section do not apply to the division of correctional industries products and services as long as such products and services are of comparable price and quality.     History. Source: L. 83: Entire section added, p. 395, § 1, effective June 3.    Cross references:   For the requirements concerning purchasing by state agencies of correctional industries goods and services, see article 24 of title 17.
CO Code § 6-2-116 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 2 - Unfair Practices Act|§ 6-2-116. Penalty

 [ ] Any person, firm, or corporation, whether as principal, agent, officer, or director, for himself or itself, or for another person, or for any firm or corporation who violates any of the provisions of sections 6-2-103 to 6-2-108 or section 6-2-110 , is guilty of a misdemeanor for each single violation and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.  Editor's note: This version of this section is effective until March 1, 2022.  History. Source: L. 37: P. 1286, § 11. CSA: C. 48, § 302(10). L. 41: P. 824, § 10. L. 49: P. 349, § 14. CRS 53: § 55-2-14. C.R.S. 1963: § 55-2-14. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3134, § 60, effective March 1, 2022. History. Source: L. 37: P. 1286, § 11. CSA: C. 48, § 302(10). L. 41: P. 824, § 10. L. 49: P. 349, § 14. CRS 53: § 55-2-14. C.R.S. 1963: § 55-2-14. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3134, § 60, effective March 1, 2022.    Editor's note:   Section 803(2) of chapter 462 (SB 21-271), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to offenses committed on or after March 1, 2022.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Antitrust and the Lay Lawyer”, see 44 Den. L.J. 558 (1967).
CO Code § 6-2-116 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 2 - Unfair Practices Act|§ 6-2-116. Penalty

 [ ] Any person, firm, or corporation, whether as principal, agent, officer, or director, for himself, herself, or itself, or for another person, or for any firm or corporation who violates any of the provisions of sections 6-2-103 to 6-2-108 or section 6-2-110 commits a class 2 misdemeanor for each single violation.  Editor's note: This version of this section is effective March 1, 2022.  History. Source: L. 37: P. 1286, § 11. CSA: C. 48, § 302(10). L. 41: P. 824, § 10. L. 49: P. 349, § 14. CRS 53: § 55-2-14. C.R.S. 1963: § 55-2-14. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3134, § 60, effective March 1, 2022. History. Source: L. 37: P. 1286, § 11. CSA: C. 48, § 302(10). L. 41: P. 824, § 10. L. 49: P. 349, § 14. CRS 53: § 55-2-14. C.R.S. 1963: § 55-2-14. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3134, § 60, effective March 1, 2022.
CO Code § 6-2-117 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 2 - Unfair Practices Act|§ 6-2-117. Remedies Cumulative

 The remedies prescribed in this article are cumulative.   History. Source: L. 41: P. 824, § 11. CSA: C. 48, § 302(11). L. 49: P. 349, § 15. CRS 53: § 55-2-15. C.R.S. 1963: § 55-2-15. History. Source: L. 41: P. 824, § 11. CSA: C. 48, § 302(11). L. 49: P. 349, § 15. CRS 53: § 55-2-15. C.R.S. 1963: § 55-2-15.
CO Code § 6-2.7-101 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 2.7 - Internet Evidence for Law Enforcement Investigations|§ 6-2.7-101. Definitions

 As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:    “Court order” means an order for the release of information, including but not limited to a subpoena, court order, search warrant, or summons.    “Internet access provider” means an entity that provides electronic communications or remote computing as defined in 18 U.S.C. sec. 119 and sec. 121, to customers in Colorado. “Internet access provider” shall not include noninternet-based communications.     History. Source: L. 2006: Entire article added, p. 2057, § 9, effective October 1.
CO Code § 6-2.7-103 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 2.7 - Internet Evidence for Law Enforcement Investigations|§ 6-2.7-103. Internet Evidence - Failure to Release or Preserve - Civil Penalty

  An internet access provider that fails to comply with the requirements in section 6-2.7-102 (1) or (2) shall be liable for payment of a civil penalty of up to two thousand five hundred dollars for each incidence of noncompliance; except that the internet access provider shall be liable for payment of up to ten thousand dollars for a third and subsequent incidence of noncompliance that occurs within a twelve-month period. The state attorney general is authorized to bring suit in a court of competent jurisdiction for enforcement of the provisions of this subsection (1).    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (1) of this section, an internet access provider's failure to comply with the requirements specified in section 6-2.7-102 shall not result in further civil liability to the state.     History. Source: L. 2006: Entire article added, p. 2059, § 9, effective October 1.
CO Code § 6-4-101 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-101. Short Title

 This article shall be known and may be cited as the “Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992”.   History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 236, § 1, effective July 1.
CO Code § 6-4-102 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-102. Legislative Declaration

 The general assembly hereby finds and determines that competition is fundamental to the free market system and that the unrestrained interaction of competitive forces will yield the best allocation of our economic resources, the lowest prices, the highest quality commodities and services, and the greatest material progress, while at the same time providing an environment conducive to the preservation of our democratic, political, and social institutions.   History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 236, § 1, effective July 1.
CO Code § 6-4-103 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-103. Definitions

  “Commodity” includes, but is not limited to, any goods, merchandise, wares, produce, chose in action, land, articles of commerce, or any other tangible or intangible property, real, personal, or mixed, for use, consumption, production, enjoyment, or resale.    “Governmental or public entity” means the state and any of its departments, boards, agencies, instrumentalities, authorities, and commissions and any political subdivisions, including but not limited to counties, city and counties, municipalities, school districts, local improvement districts, law enforcement authorities, water, sanitation, fire protection, metropolitan, irrigation, drainage, or other special districts, and any other municipal, quasi-municipal, or public corporation organized pursuant to the constitution or other law, and any of the political subdivision's respective departments, boards, agencies, instrumentalities, authorities, and commissions.    “Person” includes any natural person, any firm, association, organization, business or other trust, company, corporation, joint venture, partnership, proprietorship, or other business entity, whether or not for profit, and any governmental or public entity.    “Service” includes, but is not limited to, any kind of activity performed in whole or in part for economic or noneconomic benefit.    “Trade or commerce” means any and all economic activity carried on wholly or partially in this state which involves or relates to any commodity or service.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 236, § 1, effective July 1.
CO Code § 6-4-105 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-105. Monopolization and Attempt to Monopolize

 It is illegal for any person to monopolize, attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person to monopolize any part of trade or commerce.   History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 237, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 6-4-102 , as it existed prior to 1992.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Antitrust and the Lay Lawyer”, see 44 Den. L.J. 558 (1967). For article, “May Regulated Utilities Monopolize the Sun?”, see 56 Den. L.J. 31 (1979). For article, “Colorado Antitrust Law Seven Years Later”, see 13 Colo. Law. 1808 (1984). For article, “Antitrust Law”, which discusses Tenth Circuit decisions dealing with antitrust law, see 62 Den. U. L. Rev. 183 (1986). For article, “Antitrust in the Health Care Field -- Subject Matter Jurisdiction”, see 18 Colo. Law. 1113 (1989). For article, “Does a Monopolist Have a Duty to Deal with Its Rival? Some Thoughts on the Aspen Skiing Case”, see 57 U. Colo. L. Rev. 727 (1986). For article, “United States Supreme Court Review of Tenth Circuit Decisions”, which discusses the Aspen Skiing Co. case, see 64 Den. U. L. Rev. 373 (1987).   A monopoly leveraging claim must prove threatened or actual monopoly in the leveraged market. Spruce Oil Corp. v. Archer-Daniel-Midland Co., 870 F. Supp. 1005 (D. Colo. 1994 ).   Applied in Q-T Mkts., Inc. v. Fleming Cos., 394 F. Supp. 1102 (D. Colo. 1975 ) (decided under § 6-4-102 as it existed prior to the 1992 repeal and reenactment of this article); Nobody in Particular Presents, Inc. v. Clear Channel Commc'ns, Inc., 311 F. Supp. 2d (D. Colo. 2004 ) (because Colorado law mirrors federal antitrust law under the Sherman Act, court examined claims under federal law as dispositive of state law claims).
CO Code § 6-4-106 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-106. Bid-Rigging

  It is illegal for any person to contract, combine, or conspire with any person to rig any bid, or any aspect of the bidding process, in any way related to the provision of any commodity or service.    For purposes of this section, each separate instance of bid-rigging shall constitute a separate violation of this section, regardless of whether a single conspiracy is found to exist encompassing more than one such violation.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 237, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 6-4-102 , as it existed prior to 1992.
CO Code § 6-4-107 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-107. Mergers - Acquisitions

  It is unlawful for any person engaged in trade or commerce to acquire, directly or indirectly, the whole or any part of the stock or other share capital, or to acquire the whole or any part of the assets, of another person engaged in trade or commerce where the effect of such acquisition may be to substantially lessen competition or may tend to create a monopoly.    Nothing in this section shall prohibit any person from acquiring stock of another person solely for investment purposes, so long as such acquisition of stock is not used, by voting or otherwise, to bring about, or to attempt to bring about, the substantial lessening of competition; nor shall anything in this section prohibit any person from causing the formation of subsidiary corporations or from owning and holding all or any part of the stock of such subsidiary corporation.    Repealed.    The attorney general shall not challenge the merger or acquisition of any bank or bank holding company by or with any other bank or bank holding company that is subject to the provisions of any of the federal banking laws, except as specifically provided in those laws.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 237, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2020: (3) repealed,(SB 20-064), ch. 31, p. 104, § 1, effective September 14.    Editor's note:   Section 2(2) of chapter 31 (SB 20-064), Session Laws of Colorado 2020, provides that the act repealing this section applies to mergers commenced on or after September 14, 2020.   Cross references:   For the “Clayton Act”, see 38 Stat. 730; for section 7A of the “Clayton Act”, as referred to in subsection (3), see 15 U.S.C. sec. 18a.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Antitrust Developments: U.S. Supreme Court Cases - 1989-1990 Term”, see 20 Colo. Law. (1991).
CO Code § 6-4-109 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-109. Jurisdiction - Venue

  Primary jurisdiction of any cause of action brought pursuant to this article shall be vested in the district courts of this state.    Any cause of action brought pursuant to this article may be brought in any judicial district in which said violation occurred, in which any injury was suffered, or in which any defendant resides.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 239, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 6-4-105 , as it existed prior to 1992.
CO Code § 6-4-111 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-111. Enforcement by the Attorney General

  The attorney general shall have the authority to institute actions or proceedings to prevent or restrain violations of this article.    The attorney general may bring a civil action on behalf of any governmental or public entity, with the written consent of such entity, injured, either directly or indirectly, in its business or property by reason of any violation of this article and, if successful, shall recover any actual damages sustained by such entity. If the violation alleged and proved is determined by the court to be a violation of this article, the attorney general may recover three times the actual damages sustained by such entity.      The attorney general may bring a civil action asparens patriae on behalf of natural persons residing within the state injured in their business or property by reason of any violation of this article and, if successful, shall recover any actual damages sustained by such natural persons. If the violation alleged and proved is determined by the court to be a per se violation of this article, the attorney general may recover three times the actual damages sustained by such natural persons.    In any action brought pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (3), the attorney general shall cause notice to be given to the proposed group by publication or as otherwise directed by the court, and all proposed group members shall have the right to elect to have their particular claim excluded from that proceeding. No dismissal or compromise settlement of an action brought by the attorney general as shall be entered without the approval of the court and notice to all proposed group members.    In any action in which actual or treble damages are recovered, the court, in its discretion, may determine that the amount of damages recovered is too small to make a refund to group members practicable. In that event, the court may direct such damages to be paid to the general fund of the state or to some other governmental or public entity as the court deems appropriate or may require that damages be paid as rebates or price reductions to future consumers.       In any action brought pursuant to this section, the attorney general, if successful, shall be entitled to recover the costs of investigation, expert fees, costs of the action, and reasonable attorney fees.    per se  parens patriae parens parens parens patriae parens parens patriae parens  History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 241, § 1, effective July 1. L. 93: (1) amended, p. 1574, § 4, effective July 1.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Colorado Antitrust Law Seven Years Later”, see 13 Colo. Law. 1808 (1984).
CO Code § 6-4-112 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-112. Civil Penalties

  The attorney general may bring a civil action on behalf of the state to seek the imposition of a civil penalty for any violation of this article. The court, upon finding a violation of this article, shall impose a civil penalty to be paid to the general fund of the state in an amount not to exceed two hundred fifty thousand dollars for each such violation; except that the election by the attorney general to seek a civil penalty shall preclude the attorney general from filing criminal charges against the person assessed a civil penalty based upon the same conduct or from pursuing an action against such person for damages pursuant to section 6-4-111 (2) and (3).    In determining the amount of a civil penalty, the court shall consider, among other things: The nature and extent of the violation; the number of consumers affected by the violation; whether the violation was an isolated incident or a continuous pattern and practice of behavior; whether the violation was the result of willful conduct; whether the defendant took affirmative steps to conceal such violations; and whether, given the size and wealth of the defendant, the civil penalty will be an effective deterrent against future violations.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 242, § 1, effective July 1. L. 93: (1) amended, p. 1574, § 5, effective July 1. L. 2009: (1) amended,(SB 09-054), ch. 138, p. 597, § 2, effective August 5.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 6-4-107 , as it existed prior to 1992.
CO Code § 6-4-113 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-113. Enforcement - Injunction

  Any person injured in its business or property by reason of any violation of this article may file an action to prevent or restrain any such violation.    In any action brought pursuant to this section, the court, in its discretion, may award the prevailing party its expert witness fees, the costs of the action, and reasonable attorney fees.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 242, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 6-4-105 , as it existed prior to 1992.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Antitrust and the Lay Lawyer”, see 44 Den. L.J. 558 (1967). For article, “Colorado Antitrust Law Seven Years Later”, see 13 Colo. Law. 1808 (1984). For article, “Antitrust Law”, which discusses Tenth Circuit decisions dealing with antitrust law, see 62 Den. U. L. Rev. 183 (1986). For article, “Antitrust in the Health Care Field -- Subject Matter Jurisdiction”, see 18 Colo. Law. 1113 (1989).
CO Code § 6-4-114 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-114. Enforcement - Civil Damages

  Any person injured in its business or property by reason of any violation of this article may sue therefor and, if successful, shall recover any actual damages sustained by such person. If the violation alleged and proved is determined by the court to be a violation of this article, such person may recover three times the actual damages sustained by such person.    In any action brought pursuant to this section, the court, in its discretion, may award the prevailing party its expert fees, the costs of the action, and reasonable attorney fees.    No damages, costs, expert fees, costs of investigation, civil penalties, or attorney fees may be recovered from a governmental or public entity, or from any official, agent, or employee thereof acting in an official capacity, or from any person based on any official action directed by such governmental or public entity.    per se  History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 242, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 6-4-108 , as it existed prior to 1992.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Antitrust and the Lay Lawyer”, see 44 Den. L.J. 558 (1967). For article, “Colorado Antitrust Law Seven Years Later”, see 13 Colo. Law. 1808 (1984).   Annotator's note. Since § 6-4-114 is similar to § 6-4-108 as it existed prior the 1992 repeal and reenactment of this article, relevant cases construing that provision have been included in the annotations to this section.   End users of software lacked standing to pursue a class action claim under this section. Software was obtained by end user class members from original equipment manufacturers and retailers rather than from the software manufacturer and was licensed through an end user licensing agreement. The licensing agreement was the functional equivalent of a sale, and the end users, though licensees, were therefore essentially indirect purchasers of the software precluded from pursuing a claim under Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 720, 97 S. Ct. 2061, 52 L. Ed. 2d 707 (1977). Pomerantz v. Microsoft Corp., 50 P.3d 929 (Colo. App. 2002).   The end user licensing agreements did not create functional economic unity between software manufacturer and original equipment manufacturers and retailers, and the end users, therefore, were not direct purchasers of software. Pomerantz v. Microsoft Corp., 50 P.3d 929 (Colo. App. 2002).   No claim presented under this section where discharged employee was not injured “by reason of” alleged anticompetitive effect of employer's conduct. Winther v. DEC Int'l Inc., 625 F. Supp. 100 (D. Colo. 1985 ).   Applied in Colo. Petroleum Marketers Ass'n v. Southland Corp., 476 F. Supp. 373 (D. Colo. 1979 ).
CO Code § 6-4-115 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-115. Notice to the Attorney General

 Any person who files a civil action which includes any allegation of a violation of this article shall, simultaneously with the filing of such action in district court, serve a copy of said complaint on the attorney general.   History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 243, § 1, effective July 1.
CO Code § 6-4-116 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 6 - Consumer and Commercial Affairs|Article 4 - Colorado Antitrust Act of 1992|§ 6-4-116. Computation of Damages

 In any action brought pursuant to sections 6-4-111 and 6-4-114 , the amount of damages may be calculated and assessed in the aggregate by statistical or sampling methods, by the computation of illegal overcharges, or by such other reasonable system of estimating aggregate damages as the court in its discretion may permit without the necessity of separately proving the individual claim of, or amount of damages to, persons on whose behalf the action was brought.   History. Source: L. 92: Entire article R&RE, p. 243, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 6-4-108 , as it existed prior to 1992.