reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
9 V.S.A. § 9-526
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-526. Filing office rules

§ 9-526. Filing office rules|(a) The Secretary of State shall adopt and publish rules to implement this article. The filing office rules must be:  (1) consistent with this article; and (2) adopted and published in accordance with 3 V.S.A. § 801.   (b) To keep the filing office rules and practices of the filing office in harmony with the rules and practices of filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part, and to keep the technology used by the filing office compatible with the technology used by filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part, the Secretary of State, so far as is consistent with the purposes, policies, and provisions of this article, in adopting, amending, and repealing filing office rules, shall:  (1) consult with filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part; and (2) consult the most recent version of the model rules promulgated by the International Association of Corporate Administrators or any successor organization; and (3) take into consideration the rules and practices of, and the technology used by, filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-601
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-601. Rights after default; judicial enforcement; consignor or buyer accounts; chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes

§ 9-601. Rights after default; judicial enforcement; consignor or buyer accounts; chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes|(a) After default, a secured party has the rights provided in this part and, except as otherwise provided in section 9- 602 of this title, those provided by agreement of the parties. A secured party:  (1) may reduce a claim to judgment, foreclose, or otherwise enforce the claim, security interest, or agricultural lien by any available judicial procedure; and (2) if the collateral is documents, may proceed either as to the documents or as to the goods they cover.   (b) A secured party in possession of collateral or control of collateral under section 7- 106, 9- 104, 9- 105, 9- 106, or 9- 107 of this title has the rights and duties provided in section 9- 207 of this title.(c) The rights under subsections (a) and (b) of this section are cumulative and may be exercised simultaneously.(d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) of this section and section 9- 605 of this title, after default, a debtor and an obligor have the rights provided in this part and by agreement of the parties.(e) If a secured party has reduced its claim to judgment, the lien of any levy that may be made upon the collateral by virtue of an execution based upon the judgment relates back to the earliest of:  (1) the date of perfection of the security interest or agricultural lien in the collateral; (2) the date of filing a financing statement covering the collateral; or (3) any date specified in a statute under which the agricultural lien was created.   (f) A sale pursuant to an execution is a foreclosure of the security interest or agricultural lien by judicial procedure within the meaning of this section. A secured party may purchase at the sale and thereafter hold the collateral free of any other requirements of this article.(g) Except as otherwise provided in subsection 9- 607(c) of this title, this part imposes no duties upon a secured party that is a consignor or is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001; amended 2015, No. 51, § B.9, eff. June 3, 2015.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-602
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-602. Waiver and variance of rights and duties

§ 9-602. Waiver and variance of rights and duties|Except as otherwise provided in section 9- 624 of this title, to the extent that they give rights to a debtor or obligor and impose duties on a secured party, the debtor or obligor may not waive or vary the rules stated in the following listed sections:  (1) subdivision 9- 207(b)(4)(C) of this title, which deals with use and operation of the collateral by the secured party; (2) section 9- 210 of this title, which deals with requests for an accounting and requests concerning a list of collateral and statement of account; (3) subsection 9- 607(c) of this title, which deals with collection and enforcement of collateral; (4) subsections 9- 608(a) and 9- 615(c) of this title to the extent that they deal with application or payment of noncash proceeds of collection, enforcement, or disposition; (5) subsections 9- 608(a) and 9- 615(d) of this title to the extent that they require accounting for or payment of surplus proceeds of collateral; (6) section 9- 609 of this title to the extent that it imposes upon a secured party that takes possession of collateral without judicial process the duty to do so without breach of the peace; (7) subsection 9- 610(b) of this title, and sections 9- 611, 9- 613, and 9- 614 of this title, which deal with disposition of collateral; (8) subsection 9- 615(f) of this title, which deals with calculation of a deficiency or surplus when a disposition is made to the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor; (9) section 9- 616 of this title, which deals with explanation of the calculation of a surplus or deficiency; (10) sections 9- 620, 9- 621, and 9- 622 of this title, which deal with acceptance of collateral in satisfaction of obligation; (11) section 9- 623 of this title, which deals with redemption of collateral; (12) section 9- 624 of this title, which deals with permissible waivers; and (13) sections 9- 625 and 9- 626 of this title, which deal with the secured party's liability for failure to comply with this article. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-603
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-603. Agreement on standards concerning rights and duties

§ 9-603. Agreement on standards concerning rights and duties|(a) The parties may determine by agreement the standards measuring the fulfillment of the rights of a debtor or obligor and the duties of a secured party under a rule stated in section 9- 602 of this title if the standards are not manifestly unreasonable.(b) Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to the duty under section 9- 609 of this title to refrain from breaching the peace. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-604
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-604. Procedure if security agreement covers real property or fixtures

§ 9-604. Procedure if security agreement covers real property or fixtures|(a) If a security agreement covers both personal and real property, a secured party may proceed:  (1) under this part as to the personal property without prejudicing any rights with respect to the real property; or (2) as to both the personal property and the real property in accordance with the rights with respect to the real property, in which case the other provisions of this part do not apply.   (b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, if a security agreement covers goods that are or become fixtures, a secured party may proceed:  (1) under this part; or (2) in accordance with the rights with respect to real property, in which case the other provisions of this part do not apply.   (c) Subject to the other provisions of this part, if a secured party holding a security interest in fixtures has priority over all owners and encumbrancers of the real property, the secured party, after default, may remove the collateral from the real property.(d) A secured party that removes collateral shall promptly reimburse any encumbrancer or owner of the real property, other than the debtor, for the cost of repair of any physical injury caused by the removal. The secured party need not reimburse the encumbrancer or owner for any diminution in value of the real property caused by the absence of the goods removed or by any necessity of replacing them. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the secured party gives adequate assurance for the performance of the obligation to reimburse. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-605
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-605. Unknown debtor or secondary obligor

§ 9-605. Unknown debtor or secondary obligor|A secured party does not owe a duty based on its status as secured party:  (1) to a person that is a debtor or obligor, unless the secured party knows:  (A) that the person is a debtor or obligor; (B) the identity of the person; and (C) how to communicate with the person; or  (2) to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against a person, unless the secured party knows:  (A) that the person is a debtor; and (B) the identity of the person. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-606
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-606. Time of default for agricultural lien

§ 9-606. Time of default for agricultural lien|For purposes of this part, a default occurs in connection with an agricultural lien at the time the secured party becomes entitled to enforce the lien in accordance with the statute under which it was created. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-607
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-607. Collection and enforcement by secured party

§ 9-607. Collection and enforcement by secured party|(a) If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party:  (1) may notify an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral to make payment or otherwise render performance to or for the benefit of the secured party; (2) may take any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under section 9- 315 of this title; (3) may enforce the obligations of an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral and exercise the rights of the debtor with respect to the obligation of the account debtor or other person obligated on collateral to make payment or otherwise render performance to the debtor, and with respect to any property that secures the obligations of the account debtor or other person obligated on the collateral; (4) if it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under subdivision 9- 104(a)(1) of this title, may apply the balance of the deposit account to the obligation secured by the deposit account; and (5) if it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under subdivision 9- 104(a)(2) or (3) of this title, may instruct the bank to pay the balance of the deposit account to or for the benefit of the secured party.   (b) If necessary to enable a secured party to exercise subdivision (a)(3) of this section the right of a debtor to enforce a mortgage nonjudicially, the secured party may record in the office in which a record of the mortgage is recorded:  (1) a copy of the security agreement that creates or provides for a security interest in the obligation secured by the mortgage; and (2)  the secured party's sworn affidavit in recordable form stating that:  (A) a default has occurred with respect to the obligation secured by the mortgage; and (B)  the secured party is entitled to enforce the mortgage nonjudicially.    (c) A secured party shall proceed in a commercially reasonable manner if the secured party:  (1) undertakes to collect from or enforce an obligation of an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral; and (2) is entitled to charge back uncollected collateral or otherwise to full or limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor.   (d) A secured party may deduct from the collections made pursuant to subsection (c) of this section reasonable expenses of collection and enforcement, including reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party.(e) This section does not determine whether an account debtor, bank, or other person obligated on collateral owes a duty to a secured party. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001; amended 2013, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-608
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-608. Application of proceeds of collection or enforcement; liability for deficiency and right to surplus

§ 9-608. Application of proceeds of collection or enforcement; liability for deficiency and right to surplus|(a) If a security interest or agricultural lien secures payment or performance of an obligation, the following rules apply:  (1) A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash proceeds of collection or enforcement under section 9- 607 of this title in the following order to:  (A) the reasonable expenses of collection and enforcement and, to the extent provided for by agreement and not prohibited by law, reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party; (B) the satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or agricultural lien under which the collection or enforcement is made; and (C) the satisfaction of obligations secured by any subordinate security interest in or other lien on the collateral subject to the security interest or agricultural lien under which the collection or enforcement is made if the secured party receives an authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed.  (2) If requested by a secured party, a holder of a subordinate security interest or other lien shall furnish reasonable proof of the interest or lien within a reasonable time. Unless the holder complies, the secured party need not comply with the holder's demand under subdivision (1)(C) of this subsection. (3) A secured party need not apply or pay over for application noncash proceeds of collection and enforcement under section 9- 607 of this title unless the failure to do so would be commercially unreasonable. A secured party that applies or pays over for application noncash proceeds shall do so in a commercially reasonable manner. (4) A secured party shall account to and pay a debtor for any surplus, and the obligor is liable for any deficiency.   (b) If the underlying transaction is a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the debtor is not entitled to any surplus, and the obligor is not liable for any deficiency. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001; amended 2001, No. 46, § 7.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-609
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-609. Secured party's right to take possession after default

§ 9-609. Secured party's right to take possession after default|(a) After default, a secured party:  (1) may take possession of the collateral; and (2) without removal, may render equipment unusable and dispose of collateral on a debtor's premises under section 9- 610 of this title.   (b) A secured party may proceed under subsection (a) of this section:  (1) pursuant to judicial process; or (2) without judicial process, if it proceeds without breach of the peace.   (c) If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party may require the debtor to assemble the collateral and make it available to the secured party at a place to be designated by the secured party which is reasonably convenient to both parties. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-610
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-610. Disposition of collateral after default

§ 9-610. Disposition of collateral after default|(a) After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its present condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.(b) Every aspect of a disposition of collateral, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose of collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a unit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms.(c) A secured party may purchase collateral:  (1) at a public disposition; or (2) at a private disposition only if the collateral is of a kind that is customarily sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed standard price quotations.   (d) A contract for sale, lease, license, or other disposition includes the warranties relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, and the like which by operation of law accompany a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract.(e) A secured party may disclaim or modify warranties under subsection (d) of this section:  (1) in a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract of disposition; or (2) by communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract for disposition and including an express disclaimer or modification of the warranties.   (f) A record is sufficient to disclaim warranties under subsection (e) of this section if it indicates "There is no warranty relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this disposition" or uses words of similar import. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-611
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-611. Notification before disposition of collateral

§ 9-611. Notification before disposition of collateral|(a) In this section, "notification date" means the earlier of the date on which:  (1) a secured party sends to the debtor and any secondary obligor an authenticated notification of disposition; or (2) the debtor and any secondary obligor waive the right to notification.   (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, a secured party that disposes of collateral under section 9- 610 of this title shall send to the persons specified in subsection (c) of this section a reasonable authenticated notification of disposition.(c) To comply with subsection (b) of this section, the secured party shall send an authenticated notification of disposition to:  (1) the debtor; (2) any secondary obligor; and (3) if the collateral is other than consumer goods:  (A) any other person from which the secured party has received, before the notification date, an authenticated notification of a claim of an interest in the collateral; (B) any other secured party or lienholder that, 10 days before the notification date, held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral perfected by the filing of a financing statement that:  (i) identified the collateral; (ii) was indexed under the debtor's name as of that date; and (iii) was filed in the office in which to file a financing statement against the debtor covering the collateral as of that date; and  (C) any other secured party that, 10 days before the notification date, held a security interest in the collateral perfected by compliance with a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection 9- 311(a) of this title.    (d) Subsection (b) of this section does not apply if the collateral is perishable or threatens to decline speedily in value or is of a type customarily sold on a recognized market.(e) A secured party complies with the requirement for notification prescribed in subdivision (c)(3)(B) of this section if:  (1) not later than 20 days or earlier than 30 days before the notification date, the secured party requests, in a commercially reasonable manner, information concerning financing statements indexed under the debtor's name in the office indicated in subdivision (c)(3)(B) of this section; and (2) before the notification date, the secured party:  (A) did not receive a response to the request for information; or (B) received a response to the request for information and sent an authenticated notification of disposition to each secured party named in that response whose financing statement covered the collateral. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-612
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-612. Timeliness of notification before disposition of collateral

§ 9-612. Timeliness of notification before disposition of collateral|(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, whether a notification is sent within a reasonable time is a question of fact.(b) In a transaction other than a consumer transaction, a notification of disposition sent after default and 10 days or more before the earliest time of disposition set forth in the notification is sent within a reasonable time before the disposition. (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001.)
9 V.S.A. § 9-613
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 9A - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|§ 9-613. Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral: general

§ 9-613. Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral: general|Except in a consumer-goods transaction, the following rules apply:  (1) The contents of a notification of disposition are sufficient if the notification:  (A) describes the debtor and the secured party; (B) describes the collateral that is the subject of the intended disposition; (C) states the method of intended disposition; (D) states that the debtor is entitled to an accounting of the unpaid indebtedness and states the charge, if any, for an accounting; and (E) states the time and place of a public disposition or the time after which any other disposition is to be made.  (2) Whether the contents of a notification that lacks any of the information specified in subdivision (1) of this section are nevertheless sufficient is a question of fact. (3) The contents of a notification providing substantially the information specified in subdivision (1) of this section are sufficient, even if the notification includes:  (A) information not specified by that paragraph; or (B) minor errors that are not seriously misleading.  (4) A particular phrasing of the notification is not required. (5) The following form of notification and the form appearing in subdivision 9—614(3) of this title, when completed, each provides sufficient information:     NOTIFICATION OF DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL To: [ Name of debtor, obligor, or other person to which the notification is  sent   ] From: [ Name, address, and telephone number of secured party   ] Name of Debtor(s): [ Include only if debtor(s) are not an addressee    ] For a public disposition: We will sell the [ describe collateral   ]to the highest qualified bidder in public as follows: Day and Date: _______________ Time: __________________ Place: __________________ For a private disposition: We will sell the [ describe collateral   ]privately sometime after [ day and date   ]. You are entitled to an accounting of the unpaid indebtedness secured by the property that we intend to sell. You may request an accounting by calling us at [ telephone number   ].  (Added 1999, No. 106 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2001; amended 2001, No. 46, § 8.)