reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-210 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|Section 4A-210 - Rejection of Payment Order

    (a)    (1)    A payment order is rejected by the receiving bank by a notice of rejection transmitted to the sender orally, electronically, or in writing.        (2)    A notice of rejection need not use any particular words and is sufficient if it indicates that the receiving bank is rejecting the order or will not execute or pay the order.        (3)    Rejection is effective when the notice is given if transmission is by a means that is reasonable in the circumstances.        (4)    If notice of rejection is given by a means that is not reasonable, rejection is effective when the notice is received.        (5)    If an agreement of the sender and receiving bank establishes the means to be used to reject a payment order:            (i)    Any means complying with the agreement is reasonable; and            (ii)    Any means not complying is not reasonable unless no significant delay in receipt of the notice resulted from the use of the noncomplying means.    (b)    This subsection applies if a receiving bank other than the beneficiary’s bank fails to execute a payment order despite the existence on the execution date of a withdrawable credit balance in an authorized account of the sender sufficient to cover the order. If the sender does not receive notice of rejection of the order on the execution date and the authorized account of the sender does not bear interest, the bank is obliged to pay interest to the sender on the amount of the order for the number of days elapsing after the execution date to the earlier of the day the order is cancelled pursuant to § 4A-211(d) of this subtitle or the day the sender receives notice or learns that the order was not executed, counting the final day of the period as an elapsed day. If the withdrawable credit balance during that period falls below the amount of the order, the amount of interest is reduced accordingly.    (c)    If a receiving bank suspends payments, all unaccepted payment orders issued to it are deemed rejected at the time the bank suspends payments.    (d)    Acceptance of a payment order precludes a later rejection of the order. Rejection of a payment order precludes a later acceptance of the order.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-212 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|Section 4A-212 - Liability and Duty of Receiving Bank Regarding Unaccepted Payment Order

    If a receiving bank fails to accept a payment order that it is obliged by express agreement to accept, the bank is liable for breach of the agreement to the extent provided in the agreement or in this title, but does not otherwise have any duty to accept a payment order or, before acceptance, to take any action, or refrain from taking action, with respect to the order except as provided in this title or by express agreement. Liability based on acceptance arises only when acceptance occurs as stated in § 4A-209 of this subtitle, and liability is limited to that provided in this title. A receiving bank is not the agent of the sender or of the beneficiary of the payment order that it accepts, or of any other party to the funds transfer, and the bank owes no duty to any party to the funds transfer except as provided in this title or by express agreement.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-301 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 3 - Execution of Sender's Payment Order by Receiving Bank|Section 4A-301 - Execution and Execution Date

    (a)    A payment order is “executed” by the receiving bank when it issues a payment order intended to carry out the payment order received by the bank. A payment order received by the beneficiary’s bank can be accepted but cannot be executed.    (b)    “Execution date” of a payment order means the day on which the receiving bank may properly issue a payment order in execution of the sender’s order. The execution date may be determined by instruction of the sender but cannot be earlier than the day the order is received and, unless otherwise determined, is the day the order is received. If the sender’s instruction states a payment date, the execution date is the payment date or an earlier date on which execution is reasonably necessary to allow payment to the beneficiary on the payment date.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-303 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 3 - Execution of Sender's Payment Order by Receiving Bank|Section 4A-303 - Erroneous Execution of Payment Order

    (a)    A receiving bank that:        (1)    Executes the payment order of the sender by issuing a payment order in an amount greater than the amount of the sender’s order; or        (2)    Issues a payment order in execution of the sender’s order and then issues a duplicate order, is entitled to payment of the amount of the sender’s order under § 4A-402(c) of this title if that subsection is otherwise satisfied. The bank is entitled to recover from the beneficiary of the erroneous order the excess payment received to the extent allowed by the law governing mistake and restitution.    (b)    (1)    A receiving bank that executes the payment order of the sender by issuing a payment order in an amount less than the amount of the sender’s order is entitled to payment of the amount of the sender’s order under § 4A-402(c) of this title if:            (i)    That subsection is otherwise satisfied; and            (ii)    The bank corrects its mistake by issuing an additional payment order for the benefit of the beneficiary of the sender’s order.        (2)    If the error is not corrected, the issuer of the erroneous order is entitled to receive or retain payment from the sender of the order it accepted only to the extent of the amount of the erroneous order.        (3)    This subsection does not apply if the receiving bank executes the sender’s payment order by issuing a payment order in an amount less than the amount of the sender’s order for the purpose of obtaining payment of its charges for services and expenses pursuant to instruction of the sender.    (c)    If a receiving bank executes the payment order of the sender by issuing a payment order to a beneficiary different from the beneficiary of the sender’s order and the funds transfer is completed on the basis of that error, the sender of the payment order that was erroneously executed and all previous senders in the funds transfer are not obliged to pay the payment orders they issued. The issuer of the erroneous order is entitled to recover from the beneficiary of the order the payment received to the extent allowed by the law governing mistake and restitution.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-304 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 3 - Execution of Sender's Payment Order by Receiving Bank|Section 4A-304 - Duty of Sender to Report Erroneously Executed Payment Order

    (a)    If the sender of a payment order that is erroneously executed as stated in § 4A-303 of this subtitle receives notification from the receiving bank that the order was executed or that the sender’s account was debited with respect to the order, the sender has a duty to exercise ordinary care to determine, on the basis of information available to the sender, that the order was erroneously executed and to notify the bank of the relevant facts within a reasonable time not exceeding 90 days after the notification from the bank was received by the sender.    (b)    If the sender fails to perform the duty imposed under subsection (a) of this section, the bank is not obliged to pay interest on any amount refundable to the sender under § 4A-402(d) of this title for the period before the bank learns of the execution error.    (c)    The bank is not entitled to any recovery from the sender on account of a failure by the sender to perform the duty imposed under subsection (a) of this section.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-305 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 3 - Execution of Sender's Payment Order by Receiving Bank|Section 4A-305 - Liability for Late or Improper Execution or Failure to Execute Payment Order

    (a)    If a funds transfer is completed but execution of a payment order by the receiving bank in breach of § 4A-302 of this subtitle results in delay in payment to the beneficiary, the bank is obliged to pay interest to either the originator or the beneficiary of the funds transfer for the period of delay caused by the improper execution. Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, additional damages are not recoverable.    (b)    (1)    If execution of a payment order by a receiving bank in breach of § 4A-302 of this subtitle results in:            (i)    Noncompletion of the funds transfer;            (ii)    Failure to use an intermediary bank designated by the originator; or            (iii)    Issuance of a payment order that does not comply with the terms of the payment order of the originator, the bank is liable to the originator for its expenses in the funds transfer and for incidental expenses and interest losses, to the extent not covered by subsection (a) of this section, resulting from the improper execution.        (2)    Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, additional damages are not recoverable.    (c)    In addition to the amounts payable under subsections (a) and (b) of this section, damages, including consequential damages, are recoverable to the extent provided in an express written agreement of the receiving bank.    (d)    (1)    If a receiving bank fails to execute a payment order it was obliged by express agreement to execute, the receiving bank is liable to the sender for its expenses in the transaction and for incidental expenses and interest losses resulting from the failure to execute.        (2)    Additional damages, including consequential damages, are recoverable to the extent provided in an express written agreement of the receiving bank, but are not otherwise recoverable.    (e)    (1)    Reasonable attorney’s fees are recoverable if demand for compensation under subsection (a) or (b) of this section is made and refused before an action is brought on the claim.        (2)    If a claim is made for breach of an agreement under subsection (d) of this section and the agreement does not provide for damages, reasonable attorney’s fees are recoverable if demand for compensation under subsection (d) of this section is made and refused before an action is brought on the claim.    (f)    Except as stated in this section, the liability of a receiving bank under subsections (a) and (b) of this section may not be varied by agreement.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-401 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 4 - Payment|Section 4A-401 - Payment Date

    “Payment date” of a payment order means the day on which the amount of the order is payable to the beneficiary by the beneficiary’s bank. The payment date may be determined by instruction of the sender but cannot be earlier than the day the order is received by the beneficiary’s bank and, unless otherwise determined, is the day the order is received by the beneficiary’s bank.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-402 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 4 - Payment|Section 4A-402 - Obligation of Sender to Pay Receiving Bank

    (a)    This section is subject to §§ 4A-205 and 4A-207 of this title.    (b)    With respect to a payment order issued to the beneficiary’s bank, acceptance of the order by the bank obliges the sender to pay the bank the amount of the order, but payment is not due until the payment date of the order.    (c)    (1)    This subsection is subject to subsection (e) of this section and to § 4A-303 of this title.        (2)    (i)    With respect to a payment order issued to a receiving bank other than the beneficiary’s bank, acceptance of the order by the receiving bank obliges the sender to pay the bank the amount of the sender’s order.            (ii)    Payment by the sender is not due until the execution date of the sender’s order.            (iii)    The obligation of the sender to pay its payment order is excused if the funds transfer is not completed by acceptance by the beneficiary’s bank of a payment order instructing payment to the beneficiary of that sender’s payment order.    (d)    (1)    If the sender of a payment order pays the order and was not obliged to pay all or part of the amount paid, the bank receiving payment is obliged to refund payment to the extent the sender was not obliged to pay.        (2)    Except as provided in §§ 4A-204 and 4A-304 of this title, interest is payable on the refundable amount from the date of payment.    (e)    (1)    If a funds transfer is not completed as stated in subsection (c) of this section and an intermediary bank is obliged to refund payment as stated in subsection (d) of this section but is unable to do so because not permitted by applicable law or because the bank suspends payments, a sender in the funds transfer that executed a payment order in compliance with an instruction, as stated in § 4A-302(a)(1) of this title, to route the funds transfer through that intermediary bank is entitled to receive or retain payment from the sender of the payment order that it accepted.        (2)    The first sender in the funds transfer that issued an instruction requiring routing through that intermediary bank is subrogated to the right of the bank that paid the intermediary bank to refund as stated in subsection (d) of this section.    (f)    The right of the sender of a payment order to be excused from the obligation to pay the order as stated in subsection (c) of this section or to receive refund under subsection (d) of this section may not be varied by agreement.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-403 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 4 - Payment|Section 4A-403 - Payment by Sender to Receiving Bank

    (a)    Payment of the sender’s obligation under § 4A-402 of this subtitle to pay the receiving bank occurs as follows:        (1)    If the sender is a bank, payment occurs when the receiving bank receives final settlement of the obligation through a Federal Reserve Bank or through a funds-transfer system.        (2)    If the sender is a bank and the sender:            (i)    Credited an account of the receiving bank with the sender; or            (ii)    Caused an account of the receiving bank in another bank to be credited, payment occurs when the credit is withdrawn or, if not withdrawn, at midnight of the day on which the credit is withdrawable and the receiving bank learns of that fact.        (3)    If the receiving bank debits an account of the sender with the receiving bank, payment occurs when the debit is made to the extent the debit is covered by a withdrawable credit balance in the account.    (b)    (1)    If the sender and receiving bank are members of a funds-transfer system that nets obligations multilaterally among participants, the receiving bank receives final settlement when settlement is complete in accordance with the rules of the system.        (2)    The obligation of the sender to pay the amount of a payment order transmitted through the funds-transfer system may be satisfied, to the extent permitted by the rules of the system, by setting off and applying against the sender’s obligation the right of the sender to receive payment from the receiving bank of the amount of any other payment order transmitted to the sender by the receiving bank through the funds-transfer system.        (3)    The aggregate balance of obligations owed by each sender to each receiving bank in the funds-transfer system may be satisfied, to the extent permitted by the rules of the system, by setting off and applying against that balance the aggregate balance of obligations owed to the sender by other members of the system.        (4)    The aggregate balance is determined after the right of setoff stated in the second sentence of this subsection has been exercised.    (c)    If 2 banks transmit payment orders to each other under an agreement that settlement of the obligations of each bank to the other under § 4A-402 of this subtitle will be made at the end of the day or other period, the total amount owed with respect to all orders transmitted by 1 bank shall be set off against the total amount owed with respect to all orders transmitted by the other bank. To the extent of the setoff, each bank has made payment to the other.    (d)    In a case not covered by subsection (a) of this section, the time when payment of the sender’s obligation under § 4A-402(b) or (c) of this subtitle occurs is governed by applicable principles of law that determine when an obligation is satisfied.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-404 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 4 - Payment|Section 4A-404 - Obligation of Beneficiary's Bank to Pay and Give Notice to Beneficiary

    (a)    Subject to §§ 4A-211(e) and 4A-405(d) and (e) of this title, if a beneficiary’s bank accepts a payment order, the bank is obliged to pay the amount of the order to the beneficiary of the order. Payment is due on the payment date of the order, but if acceptance occurs on the payment date after the close of the funds-transfer business day of the bank, payment is due on the next funds-transfer business day. If the bank refuses to pay after demand by the beneficiary and receipt of notice of particular circumstances that will give rise to consequential damages as a result of nonpayment, the beneficiary may recover damages resulting from the refusal to pay to the extent the bank had notice of the damages, unless the bank proves that it did not pay because of a reasonable doubt concerning the right of the beneficiary to payment.    (b)    If a payment order accepted by the beneficiary’s bank instructs payment to an account of the beneficiary, the bank is obliged to notify the beneficiary of receipt of the order before midnight of the next funds-transfer business day following the payment date. If the payment order does not instruct payment to an account of the beneficiary, the bank is required to notify the beneficiary only if notice is required by the order. Notice may be given by first class mail or any other means reasonable in the circumstances. If the bank fails to give the required notice, the bank is obliged to pay interest to the beneficiary on the amount of the payment order from the day notice should have been given until the day the beneficiary learned of receipt of the payment order by the bank. No other damages are recoverable. Reasonable attorney’s fees are also recoverable if demand for interest is made and refused before an action is brought on the claim.    (c)    The right of a beneficiary to receive payment and damages as stated in subsection (a) of this section may not be varied by agreement or a funds-transfer system rule. The right of a beneficiary to be notified as stated in subsection (b) of this section may be varied by agreement of the beneficiary or by a funds-transfer system rule if the beneficiary is notified of the rule before initiation of the funds transfer.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-406 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 4 - Payment|Section 4A-406 - Payment by Originator to Beneficiary; Discharge of Underlying Obligation

    (a)    Subject to §§ 4A-211(e) and 4A-405(d) and (e) of this title, the originator of a funds transfer pays the beneficiary of the originator’s payment order: (i) at the time a payment order for the benefit of the beneficiary is accepted by the beneficiary’s bank in the funds transfer; and (ii) in an amount equal to the amount of the order accepted by the beneficiary’s bank, but not more than the amount of the originator’s order.    (b)    If payment under subsection (a) of this section is made to satisfy an obligation, the obligation is discharged to the same extent discharge would result from payment to the beneficiary of the same amount in money, unless: (i) the payment under subsection (a) of this section was made by a means prohibited by the contract of the beneficiary with respect to the obligation; (ii) the beneficiary, within a reasonable time after receiving notice of receipt of the order by the beneficiary’s bank, notified the originator of the beneficiary’s refusal of the payment; (iii) funds with respect to the order were not withdrawn by the beneficiary or applied to a debt of the beneficiary; and (iv) the beneficiary would suffer a loss that could reasonably have been avoided if payment had been made by a means complying with the contract. If payment by the originator does not result in discharge under this section, the originator is subrogated to the rights of the beneficiary to receive payment from the beneficiary’s bank under § 4A-404(a) of this subtitle.    (c)    For the purpose of determining whether discharge of an obligation occurs under subsection (b) of this section, if the beneficiary’s bank accepts a payment order in an amount equal to the amount of the originator’s payment order less charges of 1 or more receiving banks in the funds transfer, payment to the beneficiary is deemed to be in the amount of the originator’s order unless upon demand by the beneficiary the originator does not pay the beneficiary the amount of the deducted charges.    (d)    Rights of the originator or of the beneficiary of a funds transfer under this section may be varied only by agreement of the originator and the beneficiary.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  4A-501 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 4A - Funds Transfers|Subtitle 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 4A-501 - Variation by Agreement and Effect of Funds-Transfer System Rule

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in this title, the rights and obligations of a party to a funds transfer may be varied by agreement of the affected party.    (b)    “Funds-transfer system rule” means a rule of an association of banks: (i) governing transmission of payment orders by means of a funds-transfer system of the association or rights and obligations with respect to those orders; or (ii) to the extent the rule governs rights and obligations between banks that are parties to a funds transfer in which a Federal Reserve Bank, acting as an intermediary bank, sends a payment order to the beneficiary’s bank. Except as otherwise provided in this title, a funds-transfer system rule governing rights and obligations between participating banks using the system may be effective even if the rule conflicts with this title and indirectly affects another party to the funds transfer who does not consent to the rule. A funds-transfer system rule may also govern rights and obligations of parties other than participating banks using the system to the extent stated in §§ 4A-404(c), 4A-405(d), and 4A-507(c) of this title.