reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 20-905 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-905. Manner of presentation of claim

(a) A claimant shall present a claim against a decedent’s estate by delivering or mailing, return receipt requested, a written statement of the claim, verified in accordance with section 20-102: (1) to the personal representative with a copy to the Register; or (2) to the Register with a copy to the personal representative. For purposes of presenting a claim within the 6-month time limits provided in section 20-903 , a claim shall be deemed presented if inadvertently it is only sent either to the personal representative or to the Register pursuant to this section. (b) A statement of a claim shall state: (1) the name and address of the claimant; (2) the basis of the claim; (3) the amount claimed; (4) if the claim is not yet due, when the claim will become due; (5) if the claim is contingent, the nature of the contingency; and (6) if the claim is secured, a description of the security. (c) The Court may, in its discretion, disallow a claim, in whole or in part, if the claimant fails to comply with subsections (a) and (b) or with the personal representative’s reasonable requests for additional information.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(fff), 42 DCR 63.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-905. Section References This section is referenced in § 20-343, § 20-903, § 20-908, and § 20-910. Emergency Legislation For temporary amendment of § 4 of D.C. Law 10-241, see § 2 of the Probate Reform Act of 1994 Emergency Amendment Act of 1995 (D.C. Act 11-79, June 28, 1995, 42 DCR 3452). Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: Section 4 of D.C. Law 10-241, as amended by § 2 of D.C. Law 11-54, provided that the act shall be applicable to estates of decedents who died on or after July 1, 1995.
DC Code § 20-906 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-906. Order of payment

(a) If the applicable assets of the estate are insufficient to pay all claims in full, the personal representative shall make payment in the following order: (1) Court costs, publication costs, and bond premiums; (2) Funeral expenses, not exceeding $1,500; (3) Fiduciary and attorney’s fees, not exceeding $1,000; (4) The homestead allowance pursuant to section 19-101.02 and the family allowance pursuant to section 19-101.04; (5) Exempt property pursuant to section 19-101.03; (6) Reasonable and necessary medical and hospital expenses of the last illness of the decedent, including compensation of persons attending the decedent; (7) Claims for rent in arrears for which an attachment might be levied by law; (8) Judgment and decrees of courts in the District of Columbia; and (9) All other just claims. (b) No preference shall be given in the payment of any claim over any other claim of the same class, and a claim due and payable shall not be entitled to preference over claims not due.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(ggg), 42 DCR 63; Mar. 24, 1998, D.C. Law 12-81, § 13(e), 45 DCR 745; Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 902, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-906. Section References This section is referenced in § 19-101.02, § 19-101.03, § 19-101.04, § 20-353, § 20-741, and § 20-909. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 13-292 rewrote the section which had read: “(a) If the applicable assets of the estate are insufficient to pay all claims in full, the personal representative shall make payment in the following order: “(1) funeral expenses, not exceeding $1,500; “(2) family allowance, not exceeding $10,000; “(3) claims for rent in arrears for which an attachment might be levied by law; “(4) judgments and decrees of courts in the District of Columbia; and “(5) all other just claims. “(b) No preference shall be given in the payment of any claim over any other claim of the same class. No preference shall be given to claims due and payable over claims not yet due.” Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-905. For applicability of Law 13-292, see notes following § 20-351.
DC Code § 20-907 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-907. Funeral expenses

Where an estate is solvent and the will expressly empowers a personal representative to pay funeral expenses in an amount left to the personal representative’s discretion, then no allowance from the Court shall be required. In all other cases, the Court may allow, in its discretion, funeral expenses of the decedent in excess of $1,500 according to the condition and circumstances of the decedent, but in no event shall such allowance exceed $5,000. However, the funeral expenses limit for a solvent estate may be waived if the waiver is in writing, signed by all heirs or legatees, and filed with the Register.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(hhh), 42 DCR 63.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-907. Section References This section is referenced in § 20-741. Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-905.
DC Code § 20-908 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-908. Action on claims; remedy for failure to act

(a) For claims presented as provided in section 20-905 within the time limit prescribed by section 20-903, the personal representative shall mail a notice to each claimant stating (1) that the claim has been allowed in a stated amount; (2) that the claim has been disallowed in whole or in part and advising the claimant of the procedures and time limitations for contesting such disallowance; or (3) that the personal representative will petition the Court to determine whether the claim should be allowed. In allowing a claim, the personal representative may deduct any counterclaim that the estate has against the claimant. If the personal representative notifies a claimant of allowance of a claim, the personal representative may rescind the allowance only within 6 months after the date of the first publication of notice of the appointment of a personal representative, but, in such case the personal representative shall notify the claimant of the extent of the recision. If the claim is disallowed in whole or in part, the claim is forever barred to the extent of the disallowance unless the claimant files a verified complaint in the Court, not later than 60 days after the mailing of the notice disallowing the claim. (b) If no action is taken by the personal representative under subsection (a) of this section, the claimant may file a verified complaint in the Court. (c) Failure of a personal representative to respond to a presented claim shall in no way suspend the operation of any statute of limitation.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 24, 1998, D.C. Law 12-81, § 13(f), 45 DCR 745.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-908.
DC Code § 20-909 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-909. Payment of claim

(a) No later than 8 months from the date of the first publication of notice of the appointment of a personal representative, the personal representative shall, unless the Court extends the time for good cause shown, proceed to pay the claims allowed against the estate in the order of priority prescribed in section 20-906. Any person with a valid unbarred claim or with a valid unbarred judgment who has not been paid within the 8 month period may petition the Court for an order directing the personal representative to pay the claim to the extent that funds of the estate are available for such payment. If the Court extends the time for the personal representative to pay a claim under this subsection, the statutory limit for filing a suit on the claim shall be suspended during the extension of time plus 60 days. (b) The personal representative may, at any time, pay any just claim which has not been barred, with or without formal presentation, but the personal representative is personally liable to any other claimant whose claim is allowed and who is injured by such payment if: (1) the payment was made before the expiration of 6 months from the date of the first publication of notice of the personal representative’s appointment and the personal representative failed to require the payee to give adequate security to refund any of the payment necessary to pay other claimants; or (2) the payment was made due to the negligence or willful fault of the personal representative.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(iii), 42 DCR 63.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-909. Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-905.
DC Code § 20-910 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-910. Meeting of creditors

A personal representative may convene, on a day designated by the Court, a meeting of all creditors whose claims have been duly presented pursuant to section 20-905 . The personal representative shall give written notice to all such creditors of the time, date, place and purpose of the meeting which shall be held not less than 10 days from the date of the notice. The Court shall deny or approve any claim in whole or in part at the meeting. The payment of any claim as approved by Court order shall hold harmless the personal representative acting in obedience to it, subject to any perfected appeal.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-910.
DC Code § 20-911 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-911. Claim not yet due

(a) If an unsecured claim which has been proven and which will become due at a future time or a contingent or unliquidated claim becomes due or certain before the distribution of the estate, and if the claim has been allowed or established by a proceeding, it is paid in the same manner as presently due and absolute claims of the same class. (b) In other cases, the personal representative or, on petition of the personal representative or the claimant in a special proceeding for that purpose, the Court, may provide for payment of a proven unsecured claim as follows: (1) if the claimant consents, the claimant may be paid the present value of the claim, taking any uncertainty into account, provided that such present value is determined by arbitration, compromise, or agreement between the claimant and the personal representative; and (2) arrangement for future payment, or possible payment, on the happening of the contingency or on liquidation may be made by creating a trust, creating an escrow account, giving a mortgage, obtaining a bond or security from a distributee, or otherwise. (c) A creditor who holds security for an allowable claim due at some future time may rely on such security under section 20-912 or may file the claim as an unsecured claim not yet due, with the right of withdrawing the claim prior to the taking of any action thereon, and, after such withdrawal, rely on such security rights as provided in section 20-912.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(jjj), 42 DCR 63; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-255, § 19(k), 44 DCR 1271.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-911. Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-905.
DC Code § 20-912 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-912. Secured claim

(a) A creditor having a secured claim who surrenders the security shall be paid on the basis of the full amount of the claim. (b) A creditor having a secured claim who does not surrender the security shall be paid on the basis of one of the following: (1) the full amount of the claim allowed less the amount realized upon exhausting the security, if the creditor, during the course of administration, exhausted the security before receiving payment; or (2) the full amount of the claim allowed, less the value of the security determined by agreement or by the Court, if the creditor did not exhaust, or did not at the time have the right to exhaust, such security.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-912. Section References This section is referenced in § 20-911.
DC Code § 20-913 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-913. Contingent claim. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3, 42 DCR 63.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-913. Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-905.
DC Code § 20-914 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Claims|§ 20-914. Execution and levy prohibited

No execution shall issue upon nor shall any levy be made against any property of the estate under any judgment against a decedent or a personal representative. No claim (which is not by its terms secured) shall attach to any particular estate asset, real or personal, whether in the hands of the personal representative or of any bona fide purchaser, or to the proceeds from the sale of any such asset. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to prevent the enforcement of mortgages, deeds of trust, pledges, liens, or other security interests upon property in an appropriate proceeding.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(lll), 42 DCR 63.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-914. Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-905.
DC Code § 20-1101 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Special Provisions Relating to Distribution|§ 20-1101. Renunciation; legatee or heir. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Mar. 6, 1991, D.C. Law 8-204, § 10, 37 DCR 8439.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-1101. Editor's Notes Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests: See § 19-1501 et seq.
DC Code § 20-1103 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Special Provisions Relating to Distribution|§ 20-1103. Distribution in kind; assignment, transfer and release of property

If distribution in kind is made, the personal representative shall, upon the request of the distributee, execute and deliver an instrument of distribution assigning, transferring, or releasing property to the distributee as evidence of the distributee’s title to the property. Distribution of real property may be effected by quit claim deed. The personal representative shall pay all costs of deed recordation as a cost of administration of the estate. In addition to any other indexing, a deed distributed under this section shall be recorded among the land records as required by law and shall be indexed in the grantor index under the decedent’s name.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-1103.
DC Code § 20-1104 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Special Provisions Relating to Distribution|§ 20-1104. Distribution; effect

(a) Title of distributees. — Proof that a distributee has received an instrument or deed of distribution of assets in kind from the personal representative is conclusive evidence that the distributee has succeeded to the interest of the estate in the distributed assets, as against all interested persons, except that the personal representative shall recover the assets or their value if the distribution was improper in accordance with subsection (b) of this section. (b) Improper distribution; liability of distributee. — A distributee of property improperly distributed who has not disposed of the property shall return the property received to the personal representative unless the distribution can no longer be questioned because of adjudication or limitations. If a distributee has disposed of any property improperly distributed, such distributee shall be liable to the personal representative for the value of the property on the date of distribution or the date of disposition, whichever is lower, unless the distribution can no longer be questioned because of adjudication or limitations. (c) Purchasers from distributees protected. — If property distributed in kind or a security interest therein is acquired for value by a purchaser from, or lender to, a distributee who has received an instrument or deed of distribution from the personal representative, or is so acquired by a purchaser from, or lender to, a transferee from such distributee, the purchaser or lender takes good title free of any claims or rights of any interested person in the estate and incurs no personal liability to the estate, or to any interested person, whether or not the distribution was proper or supported by court order or the authority of the personal representative was terminated before execution of the instrument or deed. This section protects a purchaser from, or lender to, a distributee (or a distributee’s transferee) even when the distributee, who, as personal representative, has executed such deed of distribution. To be protected under this provision, a purchaser or lender need not inquire whether a personal representative acted properly in making the distribution in kind, even if the personal representative and the distributee are the same person, or whether the authority of the personal representative had terminated before the distribution. Any recorded instrument described in this section on which a state documentary fee is noted shall be prima facie evidence that such transfer was made for value.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(nnn), 42 DCR 63; Mar. 24, 1998, D.C. Law 12-81, § 13(g), 45 DCR 745.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-1104. Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-1102.
DC Code § 20-1105 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Special Provisions Relating to Distribution|§ 20-1105. Petition for purpose of distribution

When two or more heirs or legatees are entitled to distribution of undivided interests in any property of the estate, the personal representative or one or more of the heirs or legatees may petition the Court, prior to the closing of the estate, to make partition. After notice to the heirs or legatees interested in the property being partitioned, the Court may partition the property, in accordance with the provisions of sections 16-2901 through 16-2925 . The Court may direct the personal representative to sell any property which cannot be partitioned without prejudice to the owners and which cannot conveniently be allotted to any one party.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-1105.
DC Code § 20-1106 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Special Provisions Relating to Distribution|§ 20-1106. Distribution to a minor

(a) If a personal representative is required to distribute assets of an estate to a minor, and if the will contains a direction or grants discretion to the personal representative with regard to the manner of making such a distribution, then the personal representative shall make distribution in accordance with that direction or discretion without the need for any order of the Court. (b) If a personal representative is required to distribute assets of an estate to a minor, and if there is no will or if the will does not give any direction or discretion to the personal representative with regard to such a distribution, then the personal representative may make such distribution as follows: (1) without the need for any order of the Court, in the following order of priority: (A) to the guardian of the minor if the guardian has filed with the Court a copy of the guardian’s appointment as guardian and an order authorizing such guardian to receive such distribution authenticated pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1738; or (B) to the custodian selected or approved by the personal representative for the minor under the Uniform Gifts (or Transfers) to Minors Act of any jurisdiction, subject to the limits, if any, under such applicable act on the property which may be received and held by such custodian; or (2) in any other manner approved by the Court. (c) When a personal representative distributes assets in accordance with this section, the personal representative shall obtain a voucher, signed by the distributee, indicating receipt of the property distributed.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 3(b), 33 DCR 278; Mar. 21, 1995, D.C. Law 10-241, § 3(ooo), 42 DCR 63.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-1106. Section References This section is referenced in § 21-305. Cross References Transfer to minor authorized by will or trust, see § 21-305. Editor's Notes Application of Law 10-241: See Application of Law 10-241 and Emergency act amendment notes to § 20-1102.
DC Code § 20-1107 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Special Provisions Relating to Distribution|§ 20-1107. Distribution to fiduciary for nonresident person under legal disability other than minority

If a fiduciary has been appointed for a nonresident person under a legal disability other than minority and if such fiduciary has filed copies of such appointment and an order authorizing such fiduciary to receive such distribution authenticated pursuant to 28 U.S.C. sec. 1738 , the personal representative may distribute the share of an estate of the person with a disability to such fiduciary.  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; Apr. 24, 2007, D.C. Law 16-305, § 34(c), 53 DCR 6198.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-1107. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 16-305 substituted “share of an estate of the person with a disability” for “disabled person’s share of an estate”.