reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 51-9-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 9 - Injuries to Real Estate|§ 51-9-5. Effect of Holding Title When Possession Claimed by Two Persons

 If two persons claim to have actual possession of the same land, the person having legal title shall be deemed to be in possession and the other person shall be considered a trespasser.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2959; Code 1868, § 2966; Code 1873, § 3017; Code 1882, § 3017; Civil Code 1895, § 3878; Civil Code 1910, § 4474; Code 1933, § 105-1405.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 75 Am. Jur. 2d, Trespass, § 30 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 87 C.J.S., Trespass, § 17 et seq.   ALR.    - Possession of real property as notice of diverse coexistent interests of possessor, 74 A.L.R. 355.
GA Code § 51-10-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 10 - Injuries to Personalty|§ 51-10-2. Who May Bring an Action for Interference With Possession of Chattel

 Interference with the mere possession of a chattel, even if the possession is without title or is wrongful, shall give a right of action to the possessor, except as against the true owner or the person wrongfully deprived of possession.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2966; Code 1868, § 2973; Code 1873, § 3027; Code 1882, § 3027; Civil Code 1895, § 3886; Civil Code 1910, § 4482; Code 1933, § 105-1702.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63C Am. Jur. 2d, Property, § 58.   C.J.S.   - 87 C.J.S., Trespass, § 14 et seq.   ALR.   - Recovery by conditional seller or buyer, or person standing in his shoes, against third person for damage or destruction of property, 67 A.L.R.2d 582.   Recovery by chattel mortgage or mortgagor, or person standing in his shoes, against third person for damage or destruction of property, 67 A.L.R.2d 1599.   Measure and elements of damages, in action other than one against a carrier, for conversion, injury, loss, or destruction of livestock, 79 A.L.R.2d 677.   What conduct by repossessing chattel mortgagee or conditional vendor entails tort liability, 99 A.L.R.2d 358.
GA Code § 51-10-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 10 - Injuries to Personalty|§ 51-10-5. Right of Action for Injury to Remainder or Reversionary Interest in Personalty; Joint Action With Tenant in Possession

 A remainderman or reversioner of personalty may bring an action against a wrongdoer for any injury tending to destroy the existence or ultimate value of the property. In such cases the tenant in possession may bring an action jointly with the remainderman or reversioner for the injury to the entire estate, the recovery being held under like limitations.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2970; Code 1868, § 2977; Code 1873, § 3031; Code 1882, § 3031; Civil Code 1895, § 3890; Civil Code 1910, § 4487; Code 1933, § 105-1705.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 51 Am. Jur. 2d, Life Tenants and Remaindermen, § 277.   C.J.S.   - 31 C.J.S., Estates, § 117 et seq.   ALR.    - Right of reversioner or remainderman to maintain action or suit in respect of easement, 138 A.L.R. 1006.
GA Code § 51-14-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-2. Applicability

 This chapter applies to any claim defined in this chapter as an asbestos claim or as a silica claim.    (Code 1981, §51-14-2, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-14-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-4. Prima-Facie Evidence of Physical Impairment a Prerequisite of Asbestos or Silica Claims

  Prima-facie evidence of physical impairment of the exposed person as defined in paragraph (17) or (18) of Code Section 51-14-3 shall be an essential element of an asbestos claim or silica claim.   In order to bring or maintain an asbestos claim or silica claim, the claimant shall submit prima-facie evidence of physical impairment in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.     (Code 1981, §51-14-4, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-14-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-5. When Limitations Period Begins to Run

 Notwithstanding any other provision of law, with respect to any asbestos claim or silica claim not barred as of May 1, 2007, the limitations period shall not begin to run until the exposed person, or any plaintiff making an asbestos claim or silica claim based on the exposed person's exposure to asbestos or silica, obtains, or through the exercise of reasonable diligence should have obtained, prima-facie evidence of physical impairment, as defined in paragraph (17) or (18) of Code Section 51-14-3.    (Code 1981, §51-14-5, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-14-8 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-8. Limitations on Discovery; Satisfaction of Medical Criteria Necessary to Establish Prima-Facie Evidence of Medical Impairment; Admissibility of Expert Reports

  Until such time as the trial court enters an order determining that the plaintiff has established prima-facie evidence of physical impairment, no asbestos claim or silica claim shall be subject to discovery, except discovery related to establishing or challenging the prima-facie evidence of physical impairment or by order of the trial court upon motion of one of the parties and for good cause shown.   The medical criteria set forth in this chapter to establish prima-facie evidence of physical impairment are solely for the purpose of determining whether a claim meets the criteria to proceed in court. The fact that a plaintiff satisfies the criteria necessary to establish prima-facie evidence of physical impairment for an asbestos claim or silica claim shall not be construed as an admission or determination that the exposed person in fact has a condition related to exposure to asbestos or silica and shall not be cited, referred to, or otherwise used at trial.   Unless stipulated to by the parties, an expert report submitted for the purpose of establishing or challenging prima-facie evidence of physical impairment is inadmissible for any other purpose.     (Code 1981, §51-14-8, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-14-10 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-10. Venue

 Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an asbestos claim or silica claim that meets the requirements of this chapter permitting a claim to be filed in this state may only be filed in the county where the plaintiff resides or a county in which the exposure to asbestos or silica on which the claim is based occurred. If a plaintiff alleges that an exposed person was exposed to asbestos or silica while located in more than one county, the trial court shall determine which of the counties is the most appropriate forum for the claim, considering the relative amounts and lengths of the exposed person's exposure to asbestos or silica in each of those counties.    (Code 1981, §51-14-10, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-14-11 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-11. Consolidation of Claims

 A trial court may consolidate for trial any number and type of asbestos claims or silica claims with the consent of all the parties. In the absence of such consent, the trial court may consolidate for trial only asbestos claims or silica claims relating to the same exposed person and members of his or her household.    (Code 1981, §51-14-11, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-14-12 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-12. Application of Chapter Dependent Upon Date Claim Accrues

  Asbestos claims and silica claims that accrued before April 12, 2005, or that will accrue on or after May 1, 2007, shall be governed by this chapter, as it exists on May 1, 2007. Asbestos claims and silica claims that accrued on or after April 12, 2005, and before May 1, 2007, shall be governed by Chapter 14 of Title 51, as enacted on April 12, 2005, by 2005 Act No. 29 (Ga. L. 2005, p. 145).   Notwithstanding the foregoing, all asbestos claims and silica claims filed on or after April 12, 2005, and before May 1, 2007, shall be subject to and comply with the provisions of Code Sections 51-14-6, 51-14-7, 51-14-8, 51-14-9, and 51-14-10, as enacted on April 12, 2005, by 2005 Act No. 29 (Ga. L. 2005, p. 145). All asbestos claims and silica claims filed on or after May 1, 2007, shall be subject to and comply with Code Sections 51-14-7, 51-14-8, 51-14-9, 51-14-10, and 51-14-11, as they exist on May 1, 2007.     (Code 1981, §51-14-12, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-14-13 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 14 - Asbestos and Silica Claims|§ 51-14-13. Severability

 In the event any part, portion, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this chapter shall be declared or adjudged invalid or unconstitutional, such adjudication shall in no manner affect the other parts, portions, sections, subsections, paragraphs, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words of this chapter which shall remain of full force and effect as if the part, portion, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word so declared or adjudged invalid or unconstitutional were not originally a part hereof. For example, if a court determines that a particular word renders any portion or application of this chapter unconstitutional, in that event, the court shall strike that word and apply this chapter as if it were enacted without that word. The General Assembly declares that it would have passed the remaining parts of this chapter if it had known that such part or parts hereof would be declared or adjudged invalid or unconstitutional. The General Assembly does not intend for this chapter to make any substantive change in the law governing claims that accrued before April 12, 2005, and has only included procedural provisions that govern where such claims can be filed and what early reports must be filed in such cases. This chapter shall be interpreted consistently with the General Assembly's intention not to make any substantive changes in the law applicable to cases that accrued before April 12, 2005. The General Assembly expressly declares its intent that Code Section 51-14-9 remain in full force and effect if any other part or parts of this chapter shall be declared or adjudged invalid or unconstitutional. The General Assembly further expressly declares its intent that, in the event any part, portion, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this chapter shall be declared or adjudged invalid or unconstitutional as applied to asbestos claims or silica claims that accrued before April 12, 2005, such adjudication shall in no manner affect the applicability of any part, portion, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this chapter to asbestos claims or silica claims that accrued or may accrue on or after May 1, 2007.    (Code 1981, §51-14-13, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 1/SB 182.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 2007, this Code section, originally designated as Code Section 54-14-13, was redesignated as Code Section 51-14-13.
GA Code § 51-15-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 15 - Asbestos Claims|§ 51-15-1. Legislative Findings; Limitations on Liabilities

 The General Assembly finds that the number of asbestos related claims has increased significantly in recent years and threatens the continued viability of a number of uniquely situated companies that have not ever manufactured, sold, or distributed asbestos or asbestos products and are argued to be liable only as successor corporations. This liability has created an overpowering public necessity to provide an immediate, clarifying, and remedial legislative solution. The General Assembly intends that the cumulative recovery by all asbestos claimants from innocent successors be limited, and intends to simply clarify and fix the form of asbestos claimants' remedies without impairing their substantive rights and finds that there are no alternative means to meet this public necessity. The General Assembly finds that Pennsylvania, Ohio, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, and South Carolina have enacted legislation similar to this chapter that, among other things, provides limitations of liabilities for asbestos claims for innocent successors. The General Assembly finds the public interest as a whole is best served by providing relief to these innocent successors so that they may remain viable and continue to contribute to this state. The General Assembly further finds that Georgia's successor liability statutes were never intended or contemplated to impose liability on successors in the situation covered by this chapter.    (Code 1981, §51-15-1, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 2/SB 182.)   Law reviews.   - For survey article on product liability law, see 59 Mercer L. Rev. 331 (2007).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Products Liability: Necessity and Admissibility of Expert or Opinion Evidence as to Causation of Injury to Users of Asbestos and Tobacco Products, 50 A.L.R.7th 3.
GA Code § 51-15-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 15 - Asbestos Claims|§ 51-15-3. Domestic or Foreign Corporation as Successor; Exemption From Limitations

  The limitations contained in Code Section 51-15-4 apply to a domestic or foreign corporation that is a successor and became a successor before January 1, 1972, or is any of that successor corporation's successor corporation.   The limitations contained in Code Section 51-15-4 do not apply to:   Any claim against a corporation that does not constitute a successor asbestos related liability;   An insurance corporation;   Any obligations under the federal National Labor Relations Act or under any collective bargaining agreement; or   A successor that, after a merger or consolidation, continued in the business of mining asbestos, in the business of selling or distributing asbestos fibers, or in the business of manufacturing, distributing, removing, or installing asbestos-containing products that were the same or substantially the same as those products previously manufactured, distributed, removed, or installed by the transferor.       (Code 1981, §51-15-3, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 2/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-15-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 15 - Asbestos Claims|§ 51-15-4. Determination of Liability and Limitation on Liability

  Except as further limited in subsection (b) of this Code section, the cumulative successor asbestos related liabilities of a corporation are limited to the fair market value of the total gross assets of the transferor determined as of the time of the merger or consolidation. The corporation does not have any responsibility for successor asbestos related liabilities in excess of this limitation.   If the transferor had assumed or incurred successor asbestos related liabilities in connection with a prior merger or consolidation with a prior transferor, the fair market value of the total assets of the prior transferor, determined as of the time of the earlier merger or consolidation, shall be substituted for the limitation set forth in subsection (a) of this Code section for the purpose of determining the limitation of liability of a corporation.     (Code 1981, §51-15-4, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 2/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-15-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 15 - Asbestos Claims|§ 51-15-5. Fair Market Value Determinations; Gross Assets Determination

  A corporation may establish the fair market value of total gross assets for the purpose of the limitations under Code Section 51-15-4 through any method reasonable under the circumstances, including:   By reference to the going concern value of the assets or to the purchase price attributable to or paid for the assets in an arm's length transaction; or   In the absence of other readily available information from which fair market value can be determined, by reference to the value of the assets recorded on a balance sheet.     Total gross assets include intangible assets.   Total gross assets include the aggregate coverage under any applicable third-party liability insurance that was issued to the transferor whose assets are being valued for purposes of this Code section, which insurance has been collected or is collectable to cover successor asbestos related liabilities except compensation for liabilities arising from workers' exposure to asbestos solely during the course of their employment by the transferor. For purposes of this subsection, a settlement with an insurance company shall fix what amount of coverage was collectable.     (Code 1981, §51-15-5, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 2/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-15-6 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 15 - Asbestos Claims|§ 51-15-6. Market Value; Prime Rate; Adjustment

  Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this Code section, the fair market value of total gross assets at the time of a merger or consolidation shall increase annually at a rate equal to the sum of:   The prime rate as published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as published in statistical release H.15 or any publication that may supersede it, for each calendar year since the merger or consolidation; and   One percent.     The rate provided in subsection (a) of this Code section shall not be compounded.   The adjustment of fair market value of total gross assets shall continue as provided under subsection (a) of this Code section until the date the adjusted value is first exceeded by the cumulative amounts of successor asbestos related liabilities paid or committed to be paid by or on behalf of the corporation or a predecessor, or by or on behalf of a transferor, after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined.   No adjustment of the fair market value of total gross assets shall be applied to any liability insurance otherwise included in the definition of total gross assets by subsection (c) of Code Section 51-15-5.     (Code 1981, §51-15-6, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 2/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-15-7 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 15 - Asbestos Claims|§ 51-15-7. Liberal Interpretation to Accomplish Remedial Purposes

 The courts in this state shall apply, to the fullest extent permissible under the United States Constitution, this state's substantive law, including the limitation under this chapter, to the issue of successor asbestos related liabilities. This chapter shall be construed liberally to accomplish its remedial purposes.    (Code 1981, §51-15-7, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 2/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-15-8 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 15 - Asbestos Claims|§ 51-15-8. Severability

 If any part, portion, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this chapter, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect the other parts, portions, sections, subsections, paragraphs, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words or applications of this chapter that can be given effect without the invalid part, portion, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word or application, and to this end the parts, portions, sections, subsections, paragraphs, sentences, clauses, phrases, and words of this chapter are declared severable.    (Code 1981, §51-15-8, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 4, § 2/SB 182.)
GA Code § 51-16-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 16 - Covid-19 Pandemic Business Safety|§ 51-16-2. Liability Standard; Immunity

  No healthcare facility, healthcare provider, entity, or individual shall be held liable for damages in an action involving a COVID-19 liability claim against such healthcare facility, healthcare provider, entity, or individual, unless the claimant proves that the actions of the healthcare facility, healthcare provider, entity, or individual showed gross negligence, willful and wanton misconduct, reckless infliction of harm, or intentional infliction of harm.   The immunity set forth in subsection (a) of this Code section shall be provided in addition to, and shall in no way limit, any other immunity protections that may apply in state or federal law.     (Code 1981, §51-16-2, enacted by Ga. L. 2020, p. 798, § 3/SB 359.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 2020, in subsection (a), a comma was deleted following the first and third occurrences of "individual” and a colon was deleted following "showed”.
GA Code § 51-16-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 16 - Covid-19 Pandemic Business Safety|§ 51-16-3. Rebuttable Presumption of Assumption of Risk Relating to Premises of Individuals or Entities

  Except for gross negligence, willful and wanton misconduct, reckless infliction of harm, or intentional infliction of harm, in an action involving a COVID-19 liability claim against an individual or entity for transmission, infection, exposure, or potential exposure of COVID-19 to a claimant on the premises of such individual or entity, there shall be a rebuttable presumption of assumption of the risk by the claimant when:   Any receipt or proof of purchase for entry, including, but not limited to, an electronic or paper ticket or wristband, issued to a claimant by the individual or entity for entry or attendance, includes a statement in at least ten-point Arial font placed apart from any other text, stating the following warning:  "Any person entering the premises waives all civil liability against this premises owner and operator for any injuries caused by the inherent risk associated with contracting COVID-19 at public gatherings, except for gross negligence, willful and wanton misconduct, reckless infliction of harm, or intentional infliction of harm, by the individual or entity of the premises."; or    An individual or entity of the premises has posted at a point of entry, if present, to the premises, a sign in at least one-inch Arial font placed apart from any other text, a written warning stating the following:     The provisions in this Code section shall not be construed so as to limit or restrict the immunities from liability provided in Code Section 51-16-2; further failure to participate as provided in subsection (a) of this Code section shall in no way limit or restrict the immunities from liability provided in Code Section 51-16-2 nor shall such failure to participate be admissible.
GA Code § 51-16-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 16 - Covid-19 Pandemic Business Safety|§ 51-16-4. Rebuttable Presumption of Assumption of Risk Relating to Healthcare Facilities or Premises of Healthcare Providers

  Except for gross negligence, willful and wanton misconduct, reckless infliction of harm, or intentional infliction of harm, in an action involving a COVID-19 liability claim for transmission, infection, exposure, or potential exposure of COVID-19 to a claimant at any healthcare facility or on the premises of any healthcare provider, resulting in injury to or death of a claimant there shall be a rebuttable presumption of assumption of the risk by the claimant when a healthcare facility or a healthcare provider has posted at a point of entry, if present, to the premises, a sign in at least one-inch Arial font placed apart from any other text, a written warning stating the following:   The provisions in this Code section shall not be construed so as to limit or restrict the immunities from liability provided in Code Section 51-16-2; further failure to participate as provided in subsection (a) of this Code section shall in no way limit or restrict the immunities from liability provided in Code Section 51-16-2 nor shall such failure to participate be admissible.