reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 46-8-77 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 3 - Incorporation and Consolidation of Railroad Companies and Requirements as to Directors and Officers|Part 2 - Consolidation, Merger, Surrender of Franchise, and Dissolution of Companies|§ 46-8-77. Certification by Judge of the Probate Court of the Fact of Advertisement of Petition; Filing of Certificate With Secretary of State

 When the copy of the petition for dissolution has been published as required by Code Section 46-8-74, the corporation may apply to the judge of the probate court of the county in which its principal office is situated for certification of the fact of such publication, and the judge shall certify the fact. The certificate shall thereupon be filed by the corporation in the office of the Secretary of State.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 213, § 7.)
GA Code § 46-8-78 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 3 - Incorporation and Consolidation of Railroad Companies and Requirements as to Directors and Officers|Part 2 - Consolidation, Merger, Surrender of Franchise, and Dissolution of Companies|§ 46-8-78. Order of Secretary of State Accepting Surrender of Charter and Franchises and Dissolving Corporation; Recording of Petition, Certificate of Approval, Certificate of Publication, and Order by Secretary of State

 When the certificate of the judge of the probate court is filed with the Secretary of State pursuant to Code Section 46-8-77, and when the certificate of the Public Service Commission approving the application is likewise filed with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of State shall pass an order under the seal of the state accepting the surrender of the charter and franchises and dissolving the corporation. The Secretary of State shall record the petition for dissolution, the certificate of approval of the Public Service Commission, the certificate of the judge of the probate court as to the publication, and an order accepting the surrender of the charter and franchises and dissolving the corporation named in the order.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 213, § 8; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 46.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporations, § 815.
GA Code § 46-8-79 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 3 - Incorporation and Consolidation of Railroad Companies and Requirements as to Directors and Officers|Part 2 - Consolidation, Merger, Surrender of Franchise, and Dissolution of Companies|§ 46-8-79. Effect of Issuance of Order of Dissolution and Payment of Fees

 After the order of dissolution has been issued, and after all fees for filing and certificates have been paid, the corporation shall be dissolved and shall have no further existence, except as provided in Code Section 14-4-161.   (Ga. L. 1953, Nov.-Dec. Sess., p. 213, § 9.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 19 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 2828-2830, 2834, 2835, 2838-2851, 2854-2867, 2869-2871, 2873-2876, 2880-2893, 2895-2897, 2902-2906, 2908, 2910, 2912. 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, § 7.   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 852-860. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, § 54 et seq.
GA Code § 46-8-80 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 3 - Incorporation and Consolidation of Railroad Companies and Requirements as to Directors and Officers|Part 2 - Consolidation, Merger, Surrender of Franchise, and Dissolution of Companies|§ 46-8-80. Contracts Between Railroad Companies for Merger, Consolidation, Lease, or Purchase for Purposes of Connecting the Roads of the Companies

 Any railroad company incorporated under this chapter shall have the power to make contracts with any other railroad company which has constructed or hereafter constructs any railroad within this state for the purpose of enabling the companies to run their roads in connection with each other and merge their stocks, or to consolidate with each other, or to lease or purchase property and to hold, use, and occupy the same in such manner as they may deem most beneficial to their interests, provided that no railroad shall purchase a competing line of railroad or enter into any contract with a competing line of railroad calculated to defeat or lessen competition in this state. Any violation of this Code section shall subject the corporation to all the penalties incident to such violation of the law.   (Ga. L. 1892, p. 37, § 13; Civil Code 1895, § 2173; Civil Code 1910, § 2591; Code 1933, § 94-311.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 13 Am. Jur. 2d, Carriers, §§ 55 et seq., 93. 19 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 2608, 2609. 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, § 198 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 794, 795. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, §§ 477, 478 et seq.   ALR.    - Period covered by covenant or condition subsequent for maintenance of railroad, 7 A.L.R. 817.
GA Code § 46-8-81 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 3 - Incorporation and Consolidation of Railroad Companies and Requirements as to Directors and Officers|Part 2 - Consolidation, Merger, Surrender of Franchise, and Dissolution of Companies|§ 46-8-81. Consolidation, Merger, Lease, or Purchase of Railroad Companies Whose Roads Form a Continuous Line; Issuance of Stocks and Bonds by Consolidated Companies

  Any railroad company incorporated under this chapter shall have authority to sell, lease, assign, or transfer its stock, property, and franchises to, or to consolidate the same with those of, any other railroad company which is incorporated under the laws of this or any other state or of the United States and whose railroad within this state connects with or forms a continuous line with the railroad of the company incorporated under this chapter, upon such terms as may be agreed upon. Conversely, any such corporation organized under this chapter may purchase, lease, consolidate with, absorb, and merge into itself the stock, property, and franchises of any other railroad company incorporated under the laws of this or any other state or the United States whose railroad within this state connects with or forms a continuous line or system with the railroad of such company incorporated under this chapter upon such terms as may be agreed upon.   Any railroad corporation formed by the consolidation of one or more railroad corporations, organized under the laws of this state or under the laws of this state and any other states, with one or more corporations, organized under the laws of any other state or under the laws of this and of other states, may issue stocks and bonds as provided for in this chapter in such amounts as it may deem necessary for the purpose of paying, or exchanging the same for, or retiring, any bonds or stocks theretofore issued by either of the corporations so merged, purchased, or consolidated, or for any other purpose. Such stocks and bonds may be issued to the amount authorized by the laws of the state under which either of the corporations so consolidated was organized. Any bonds issued by the corporation may be secured by mortgage or trust deeds upon its real or personal property, franchises, rights, and privileges, whether within or without this state.   No railroad company shall make any contract under this Code section with any other railroad company which is a competing line if such contract is calculated to defeat or lessen competition in this state or to encourage monopoly.    (Ga. L. 1892, p. 37, § 18; Civil Code 1895, § 2179; Civil Code 1910, § 2597; Code 1933, § 94-318.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 13 Am. Jur. 2d, Carriers, §§ 55 et seq., 93. 19 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 2608, 2609, 2629, 2630. 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, §§ 198 et seq., 207.   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporation, §§ 794-796, 809. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, §§ 478 et seq., 485, 486, 487, 490 et seq.   ALR.   - Carrier's certificate of convenience and necessity, franchise, or permit as subject to transfer or encumbrance, 15 A.L.R.2d 883.
GA Code § 46-8-82 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 3 - Incorporation and Consolidation of Railroad Companies and Requirements as to Directors and Officers|Part 2 - Consolidation, Merger, Surrender of Franchise, and Dissolution of Companies|§ 46-8-82. Forfeiture of Powers, Privileges, and Certificate of Incorporation for Failure to Construct and Operate 15 Miles of Road Within Three Years; Extension of Time for Construction and Operation of Road

 All the powers and privileges and the certificate of incorporation of a railroad company shall be forfeited at the expiration of three years from the date of the certificate if at the expiration of those three years the company has not constructed and equipped the road, and is not operating the same, for at least 15 miles, or for the entire length of the road if the same is less than 15 miles long, provided that the Secretary of State, for cause shown, may relieve against any forfeiture provided for in this Code section and extend the time of construction, equipment, and operation of said 15 miles of road, or of the entire length of the road if the same is less than 15 miles long, in favor of any such railroad company. Such relief shall not be granted unless applied for within one year after cause for forfeiture has arisen.   (Ga. L. 1892, p. 37, § 8; Civil Code 1895, § 2166; Ga. L. 1903, p. 34, § 1; Ga. L. 1910, p. 109, § 1; Civil Code 1910, § 2584; Ga. L. 1913, p. 32, § 1; Code 1933, § 94-302.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 19 Am. Jur. 2d, Corporations, §§ 2794-2799, 2806, 2807. 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, § 7.   C.J.S.   - 19 C.J.S., Corporations, §§ 818, 825, 860. 74 C.J.S., Railroads, §§ 26, 54 et seq., 287.   ALR.    - Right of railroad company to use or grant use of land in right of way for other than railroad purpose, 94 A.L.R. 522; 149 A.L.R. 378.    Right of railroad company to discontinue or reduce service on branch line or part of road which is unprofitable, 123 A.L.R. 922.    Who is entitled to land upon its abandonment for railroad purposes, where railroad's original interest or title was less than fee simple absolute, 136 A.L.R. 296.
GA Code § 46-8-150 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 1 - Employees Engaged in Operation of Trains Generally|§ 46-8-150. Through 46-8-152

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 4/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This part was based on Ga. L. 1890-91, p. 182, §§ 1-3; Ga. L. 1890-91, p. 185, §§ 1-4; Ga. L. 1890-91, p. 186, §§ 1-3; Civil Code 1895, §§ 2237-2242; Ga. L. 1908, p. 49, §§ 1, 2; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2690-2696; Penal Code 1910, § 525; Code 1933, §§ 18-106, 18-605, 94-901, 94-902, 94-9907, 94-1106.
GA Code § 46-8-170 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 2 - Signal Whistles and Lights on Trains|§ 46-8-170. Through 46-8-172

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 4/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This part was based on Ga. L. 1908, p. 50, §§ 1, 2, 4; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2697, 2698; Penal Code 1910, § 526; Ga. L. 1918, p. 212, § 1; Ga. L. 1924, p. 173, §§ 1, 2; Code 1933, §§ 66-409, 66-9911, 94-505, 94-9901; Ga. L. 1950, p. 112, § 1; Ga. L. 1952, p. 76, §§ 1-3; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 46.
GA Code § 46-8-190 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 3 - Operation of Trains at Crossings|§ 46-8-190. Through 46-8-193

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 5/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - These Code sections were based on Ga. L. 1918, p. 212, §§ 2-5; Ga. L. 1931, p. 229, §§ 1, 2; Code 1933, §§ 94-506-94-508, 94-510, 94-9902, 94-9903, 94-9905; Ga. L. 1947, p. 479, § 1.
GA Code § 46-8-194 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 3 - Operation of Trains at Crossings|§ 46-8-194. Erection and Maintenance of Crossbuck Signs at Highway Grade Crossings; Conformance of Signs to Department of Transportation Standards

 By July 31, 1976, each railroad company shall erect and continue to maintain a reflectorized railroad crossbuck sign at each grade crossing where a railroad crossbuck sign is required by Georgia law to be erected. Such reflectorized railroad crossbuck signs shall conform to standards established by the Georgia Department of Transportation.   (Ga. L. 1973, p. 97, § 1.)   Cross references.   - For further provisions regarding installation of protective devices at grade crossings, § 32-6-200,32-6-202.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in  Johnson v. UPS, 616 F.2d 161 (5th Cir. 1980).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, § 271.   C.J.S.   - 74 C.J.S., Railroads, § 821 et seq.
GA Code § 46-8-195 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 3 - Operation of Trains at Crossings|§ 46-8-195. Bringing of Actions to Compel Railroad Companies to Post Crossbuck Signs

 The Georgia Department of Transportation or, with respect to roads under its jurisdiction, the governing authority of a county or an incorporated municipality may bring an action in the appropriate superior court to compel a railroad company from posting reflectorized railroad crossbuck signs, as such duty is imposed by Code Section 46-8-194.   (Ga. L. 1973, p. 97, § 2.)   Cross references.   - For further provisions regarding installation of protective devices at grade crossings, see §§ 32-6-200,32-6-202.
GA Code § 46-8-196 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 3 - Operation of Trains at Crossings|§ 46-8-196. Use of Standard Signs for Highway Crossings and for Advertising or Other Purposes; Mutilation, Destruction, and Defacement of Standard Signs; Removal of Unauthorized Signs by County Authorities

  It shall be the duty of the Public Service Commission to designate a standard sign or signs and to require the use of same by railroad companies to indicate crossings of public highways across railroads. It shall be unlawful for any person to use a sign similar thereto for advertising or for any other purpose; and it shall be unlawful to mutilate, destroy, or deface any crossing sign. The county authorities in charge of the roads of any county where a sign is erected contrary to this law shall have the duty of removing and destroying that sign.   Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $50.00 or by imprisonment for a period not to exceed 12 months, or both.    (Ga. L. 1918, p. 268, § 1; Code 1933, §§ 94-511, 94-9906; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 46.)   Cross references.   - Promulgation by Department of Transportation of uniform regulations governing signs and signals, on public roads, and as to erection, placement, or maintenance of unauthorized signs and signals, §§ 32-6-50,32-6-51.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Absence of crossbuck sign not proximate cause where motorist hits side of train.   - The absence of a railroad crossbuck sign at a railroad crossing bore no causal relationship and was not a proximate cause of the accident where the motorist ran into the side of the moving train, which had been in the crossing for several minutes and was in plain view and within the range of the driver's headlights. Gross v. Southern Ry., 446 F.2d 1057 (5th Cir. 1971).    Cited in Atlantic Coast Line R.R. v. Kammerer, 239 F.2d 115 (5th Cir. 1956); Padgett v. Central of Ga. Ry., 95 Ga. App. 96, 96 S.E.2d 658 (1957); Wood v. Atlantic Coast Line R.R., 192 F. Supp. 351 (M.D. Ga. 1960); Seaboard Coast Line R.R. v. Sheffield, 127 Ga. App. 580, 194 S.E.2d 484 (1972); Johnson v. UPS, 616 F.2d 161 (5th Cir. 1980).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 65 Am. Jur. 2d, Railroads, § 271.   C.J.S.   - 74 C.J.S., Railroads, § 821 et seq.
GA Code § 46-8-197 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 3 - Operation of Trains at Crossings|§ 46-8-197. Legal Responsibility of Member of Train Crew, Yard Crew, or Engine Crew for Occupying or Blocking Street, Road, or Highway Grade Crossing Pursuant to Employer's Order

 No member of a train crew, yard crew, or engine crew of a railroad common carrier shall be held personally responsible under, or found guilty of violating, any state laws or municipal ordinances regulating or intended to regulate the occupying or blocking of any street, road, or highway grade crossing by engines or passenger or freight cars, upon reasonable proof by the crew member that the occupying or blocking of the grade crossing was necessary to comply with the orders or instructions, either written or oral, of his employer or of the officers or supervisory officials of the company owning the railroad over which the engine or cars are operated; provided, however, that this Code section shall not relieve the employer or railroad company from any responsibility placed upon such employee or railroad company by any such state laws or municipal ordinances.   (Ga. L. 1965, p. 645, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Negligence in leaving cars where they obstruct view at crossing, 47 A.L.R. 287.   Liability of railroad to adult pedestrian attempting to pass over, under, or between cars obstructing crossing, 27 A.L.R.2d 369.   Contributory negligence of child injured while climbing over or through railroad train blocking crossing, 11 A.L.R.3d 1168.
GA Code § 46-8-198 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 3 - Operation of Trains at Crossings|§ 46-8-198. Erection and Placement of Signboards to Warn of Drawbridges, Grade Crossings, and Stations at Which There Is a Switch

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 5/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Ga. L. 1913, p. 114, §§ 1, 2; Code 1933, §§ 94-509, 94-9904.
GA Code § 46-8-210 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 8 - Railroad Companies|Article 6 - Operation of Trains Generally|Part 4 - Injury to Livestock and Other Property|§ 46-8-210. Through 46-8-212

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 699, § 6/SB 285, effective July 1, 2006.   Editor's notes.   - This part was based on Ga. L. 1847, p. 250, § 4; Code 1863, § 2981; Ga. L. 1863-64, p. 65, § 1; Code 1868, §§ 2982, 2983; Code 1873, §§ 3037, 3038; Code 1882, §§ 3037, 3038; Ga. L. 1882-83, p. 146, §§ 1, 2; Civil Code 1895, §§ 2247, 2248, 2261, 2262; Ga. L. 1901, p. 37, § 1; Civil Code 1910, §§ 2703, 2704, 2709, 2710; Code 1933, §§ 94-704, 94-705, 94-709, 94-710; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 46.
GA Code § 46-9-40 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 9 - Transportation of Freight and Passengers Generally|Article 3 - Transportation and Storage of Freight and Livestock|Part 1 - Duties and Liabilities of Carriers Generally|§ 46-9-40. Duty of Common Carriers to Receive Goods

 A person holding himself out to the public as a common carrier is bound to receive all goods offered to him that he is able and accustomed to carry, upon compliance with such reasonable regulations as he may adopt for his own safety and the benefit of the public.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2042; Code 1868, § 2043; Code 1873, § 2069; Code 1882, § 2069; Civil Code 1895, § 2278; Civil Code 1910, § 2729; Code 1933, § 18-301.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 13 Am. Jur. 2d, Carriers, §§ 294, 300, 305, 313.   C.J.S.   - 13 C.J.S., Carriers, § 386.
GA Code § 46-9-41 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 9 - Transportation of Freight and Passengers Generally|Article 3 - Transportation and Storage of Freight and Livestock|Part 1 - Duties and Liabilities of Carriers Generally|§ 46-9-41. Duty of Common Carriers to Transport and Deliver Goods Safely and Without Unreasonable Delay

 A common carrier shall have the duty of transporting and delivering goods safely and without unreasonable delay.   (Laws 1847, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 398; Code 1863, § 2045; Code 1868, § 2047; Code 1873, § 2073; Code 1882, § 2073; Civil Code 1895, § 2282; Civil Code 1910, § 2736; Code 1933, § 18-311.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 13 Am. Jur. 2d, Carriers, §§ 408, 409, 412, 415, 416.   C.J.S.   - 13 C.J.S., Carriers, § 454.   ALR.    - Provision in carrier's contract requiring notice of damage or loss, as applicable to loss of market due to delay, 1 A.L.R. 538.    What constitutes delivery of freight to carrier, 22 A.L.R. 970; 113 A.L.R. 1459.    Carrier's liability for delay, or damages incident to delay, in transportation, due to strike, 28 A.L.R. 503; 45 A.L.R. 919.    Demurrage as affected by notice by carrier to consignee, 37 A.L.R. 1334.    Carrier's liability to passenger for failure to keep trains to schedule time, 52 A.L.R. 1332.    Liability of carrier or other bailee because of misinformation as to time or place of arrival or storage of goods, 56 A.L.R. 1382.   Deviation by carrier in transportation of property, 33 A.L.R.2d 145.
GA Code § 46-9-42 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 46 - Public Utilities and Public Transportation|Chapter 9 - Transportation of Freight and Passengers Generally|Article 3 - Transportation and Storage of Freight and Livestock|Part 1 - Duties and Liabilities of Carriers Generally|§ 46-9-42. Effect of Strike by Carrier's Employees on Carrier's Duty to Transport Goods

 A carrier who receives freight for shipment is bound to forward the freight within a reasonable time, even though his employees strike or otherwise refuse to work, provided that if the strike is accompanied with violence and intimidation so as to render it unsafe to forward the freight, the carrier shall be relieved as to liability for delay in delivering the freight, if the violence and armed resistance are of such character as could not be overcome by the carrier or controlled by the civil authorities when called upon by him.   (Civil Code 1895, § 2283; Civil Code 1910, § 2737; Code 1933, § 18-312.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 13 Am. Jur. 2d, Carriers, § 420.   C.J.S.   - 13 C.J.S., Carriers, §§ 387, 441.   ALR.    - Liability of carrier for loss of, or damage to, freight by acts of mob or strikers, 20 A.L.R. 262.    Strike as affecting obligation of carrier under contract to discharge vessel or unload cars, 26 A.L.R. 309.    Carrier's liability for delay, or damages incident to delay, in transportation, due to strike, 28 A.L.R. 503; 45 A.L.R. 919.