reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 28:2A-306 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part III - Effect of Lease Contract|§ 28:2A-306. Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law

If a person in the ordinary course of his or her business furnishes services or materials with respect to goods subject to a lease contract, a lien upon those goods in the possession of that person given by statute or rule of law for those materials or services takes priority over any interest of the lessor or lessee under the lease contract or this article unless the lien is created by statute and the statute provides otherwise or unless the lien is created by rule of law and the rule of law provides otherwise.  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-306. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:2A-307. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 9-310. Changes: The approach reflected in the provisions of Section 9-310 was included, but revised to conform to leasing terminology and to expand the exception to the special priority granted to protected liens to cover liens created by rule of law as well as those created by statute. Purposes: This section should be interpreted to allow a qualified lessor or a qualified lessee to be the competing lienholder if the statute or rule of law so provides. The reference to statute includes applicable regulations and cases; these sources must be reviewed in resolving a priority dispute under this section. Cross Reference:Section 9-310. Definitional Cross References: “Goods”. Section 2A-103(1)(h). “Lease contract”. Section 2A-103(1)(l). “Lessee”. Section 2A-103(1)(n). “Lessor”. Section 2A-103(1)(p). “Lien”. Section 2A-103(1)(r). “Person”. Section 1-201(30).
DC Code § 28:2A-311 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part III - Effect of Lease Contract|§ 28:2A-311. Priority subject to subordination

Nothing in this article prevents subordination by agreement by any person entitled to priority.  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-311. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 9-316. Purposes: The several preceding sections deal with questions of priority. This section is inserted to make it entirely clear that a person entitled to priority may effectively agree to subordinate the claim. Only the person entitled to priority may make such an agreement: the rights of such a person cannot be adversely affected by an agreement to which that person is not a party. Cross References:Sections 1-102 and 2A-304 through 2A-310. Definitional Cross References: “Agreement”. Section 1-201(3). “Person”. Section 1-201(30).
DC Code § 28:2A-401 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part IV - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|§ 28:2A-401. Insecurity: adequate assurance of performance

(a) A lease contract imposes an obligation on each party that the other’s expectation of receiving due performance will not be impaired. (b) If reasonable grounds for insecurity arise with respect to the performance of either party, the insecure party may demand in writing adequate assurance of due performance. Until the insecure party receives that assurance, if commercially reasonable the insecure party may suspend any performance for which he or she has not already received the agreed return. (c) A repudiation of the lease contract occurs if assurance of due performance adequate under the circumstances of the particular case is not provided to the insecure party within a reasonable time, not to exceed 30 days after receipt of a demand by the other party. (d) Between merchants, the reasonableness of grounds for insecurity and the adequacy of any assurance offered must be determined according to commercial standards. (e) Acceptance of any nonconforming delivery or payment does not prejudice the aggrieved party’s right to demand adequate assurance of future performance.  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-401. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:2A-402 and § 28:2A-403. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 2-609. Changes: Revised to reflect leasing practices and terminology. Note that in the analogue to subsection (3) ( Section 2-609(4)), the adjective “justified” modifies demand. The adjective was deleted here as unnecessary, implying no substantive change. Definitional Cross References: “Aggrieved party”. Section 1-201(2). “Agreed”. Section 1-201(3). “Between merchants”. Section 2-104(3). “Conforming”. Section 2A-103(1)(d). “Delivery”. Section 1-201(14). “Lease contract”. Section 2A-103(1)(l). “Party”. Section 1-201(29). “Reasonable time”. Section 1-204(1) and (2). “Receipt”. Section 2-103(1)(c). “Rights”. Section 1-201(36). “Writing”. Section 1-201(46).
DC Code § 28:2A-402 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part IV - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|§ 28:2A-402. Anticipatory repudiation

If either party repudiates a lease contract with respect to a performance not yet due under the lease contract, the loss of which performance will substantially impair the value of the lease contract to the other, the aggrieved party may: (1) For a commercially reasonable time, await retraction of repudiation and performance by the repudiating party; (2) Make demand pursuant to § 28:2A-401 and await assurance of future performance adequate under the circumstances of the particular case; or (3) Resort to any right or remedy upon default under the lease contract or this article, even though the aggrieved party has notified the repudiating party that the aggrieved party would await the repudiating party’s performance and assurance and has urged retraction. In addition, whether or not the aggrieved party is pursuing one of the foregoing remedies, the aggrieved party may suspend performance or, if the aggrieved party is the lessor, proceed in accordance with the provisions of this article on the lessor’s right to identify goods to the lease contract notwithstanding default or to salvage unfinished goods (§ 28:2A-524).  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-402. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:2A-508 and § 28:2A-529. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 2-610. Changes: Revised to reflect leasing practices and terminology. Definitional Cross References: “Aggrieved party”. Section 1-201(2). “Goods”. Section 2A-103(1)(h). “Lease contract”. Section 2A-103(1)(l). “Lessor”. Section 2A-103(1)(p). “Notifies”. Section 1-201(26). “Party”. Section 1-201(29). “Reasonable time”. Section 1-204(1) and (2). “Remedy”. Section 1-201(34). “Rights.” Section 1-201(36). “Value”. Section 1-201(44).
DC Code § 28:2A-403 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part IV - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|§ 28:2A-403. Retraction of anticipatory repudiation

(a) Until the repudiating party’s next performance is due, the repudiating party can retract the repudiation unless, since the repudiation, the aggrieved party has cancelled the lease contract or materially changed the aggrieved party’s position or otherwise indicated that the aggrieved party considers the repudiation final. (b) Retraction may be by any method that clearly indicates to the aggrieved party that the repudiating party intends to perform under the lease contract and includes any assurance demanded under § 28:2A-401. (c) Retraction reinstates a repudiating party’s rights under a lease contract with due excuse and allowance to the aggrieved party for any delay occasioned by the repudiation.  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-403. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 2-611. Changes: Revised to reflect leasing practices and terminology. Note that in the analogue to subsection (2) ( Section 2-611(2)) the adjective “justifiably” modifies demanded. The adjective was deleted here (as it was in Section 2A-401) as unnecessary, implying no substantive change. Definitional Cross References: “Aggrieved party”. Section 1-201(2). “Cancellation”. Section 2A-103(1)(b). “Lease contract”. Section 2A-103(1)(l). “Party”. Section 1-201(29). “Rights”. Section 1-201(36).
DC Code § 28:2A-404 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part IV - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|§ 28:2A-404. Substituted performance

(a) If without fault of the lessee, the lessor and the supplier, the agreed berthing, loading, or unloading facilities fail or the agreed type of carrier becomes unavailable or the agreed manner of delivery otherwise becomes commercially impracticable, but a commercially reasonable substitute is available, the substitute performance must be tendered and accepted. (b) If the agreed means or manner of payment fails because of domestic or foreign governmental regulation: (1) The lessor may withhold or stop delivery or cause the supplier to withhold or stop delivery unless the lessee provides a means or manner of payment that is commercially a substantial equivalent; and (2) If delivery has already been taken, payment by the means or in the manner provided by the regulation discharges the lessee’s obligation unless the regulation is discriminatory, oppressive, or predatory.  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-404. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:2A-405. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 2-614. Changes: Revised to reflect leasing practices and terminology. Definitional Cross References: “Agreed”. Section 1-201(3). “Delivery”. Section 1-201(14). “Fault”. Section 2A-103(1)(f). “Lessee”. Section 2A-103(1)(n). “Lessor”. Section 2A-103(1)(p). “Supplier”. Section 2A-103(1)(x).
DC Code § 28:2A-405 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part IV - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|§ 28:2A-405. Excused performance

Subject to § 28:2A-404 on substituted performance, the following rules apply: (1) Delay in delivery or nondelivery in whole or in part by a lessor or a supplier who complies with paragraphs (2) and (3) of this section is not a default under the lease contract if performance as agreed has been made impracticable by the occurrence of a contingency the nonoccurrence of which was a basic assumption on which the lease contract was made or by compliance in good faith with any applicable foreign or domestic governmental regulation or order, whether or not the regulation or order later proves to be invalid. (2) If the causes mentioned in paragraph (1) of this section affect only part of the lessor’s or the supplier’s capacity to perform, he or she shall allocate production and deliveries among his or her customers but at his or her option may include regular customers, not then under contract for sale or lease as well as his or her own requirements for further manufacture. He or she may so allocate in any manner that is fair and reasonable. (3) The lessor seasonably shall notify the lessee and in the case of a finance lease the supplier seasonably shall notify the lessor and the lessee, if known, that there will be delay or nondelivery and, if allocation is required under paragraph (2) of this section, of the estimated quota thus made available for the lessee.  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-255, § 27(qq), 44 DCR 1271.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-405. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:2A-406. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 2-615. Changes: Revised to reflect leasing practices and terminology. Definitional Cross References: “Agreed”. Section 1-201(3). “Contract”. Section 1-201(11). “Delivery”. Section 1-201(14). “Finance lease”. Section 2A-103(1)(g). “Good faith”. Sections 1-201(19) and 2-103(1)(b). “Knows”. Section 1-201(25). “Lease”. Section 2A-103(1)(j). “Lease contract”. Section 2A-103(1)(l). “Lessee”. Section 2A-103(1)(n). “Lessor”. Section 2A-103(1)(p). “Notifies”. Section 1-201(26). “Sale”. Section 2-106(1). “Seasonably”. Section 1-204(3). “Supplier”. Section 2A-103(1)(x).
DC Code § 28:2A-406 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 2A - Leases|Part IV - Performance of Lease Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|§ 28:2A-406. Procedure on excused performance

(a) If the lessee receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justified under § 28:2A-405, the lessee may by written notification to the lessor as to any goods involved, and with respect to all of the goods if under an installment lease contract the value of the whole lease contract is substantially impaired (§ 28:2A-510): (1) Terminate the lease contract (§ 28:2A-505(b)); or (2) Except in a finance lease that is not a consumer lease, modify the lease contract by accepting the available quota in substitution, with due allowance from the rent payable for the balance of the lease term for the deficiency but without further right against the lessor. (b) If, after receipt of a notification from the lessor under § 28:2A-405, the lessee fails so to modify the lease agreement within a reasonable time not exceeding 30 days, the lease contract lapses with respect to any deliveries affected.  (July 22, 1992, D.C. Law 9-128, § 2(b), 39 DCR 3830.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:2A-406. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Uniform Statutory Source:Section 2-616(1) and (2). Changes: Revised to reflect leasing practices and terminology. Note that subsection 1(a) allows the lessee under a lease, including a finance lease, the right to terminate the lease for excused performance (Sections 2A-404 and 2A-405). However, subsection 1(b), which allows the lessee the right to modify the lease for excused performance, excludes a finance lease that is not a consumer lease. This exclusion is compelled by the same policy that led to codification of provisions with respect to irrevocable promises. Section 2A-407. Definitional Cross References: “Consumer lease”. Section 2A-103(1)(e). “Delivery”. Section 1-201(14). “Finance lease”. Section 2A-103(1)(g). “Goods”. Section 2A-103(1)(h). “Installment lease contract”. Section 2A-103(1)(i). “Lease agreement”. Section 2A-103(1)(k). “Lease contract”. Section 2A-103(1)(l). “Lessee”. Section 2A-103(1)(n). “Lessor”. Section 2A-103(1)(p). “Notice”. Section 1-201(25). “Reasonable time”. Section 1-204(1) and (2). “Receipt”. Section 2-103(1)(c). “Rights”. Section 1-201(36). “Termination”. Section 2A-103(1)(z). “Value”. Section 1-201(44). “Written”. Section 1-201(46).
DC Code § 28:3-101 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Part I - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 28:3-101. Short title

This article may be cited as the “Uniform Commercial Code—Negotiable Instruments”.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 672, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Mar. 23, 1995, D.C. Law 10-249, § 2(d), 42 DCR 467.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:3-101. 1973 Ed., § 28:3-101.
DC Code § 28:3-105 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Part I - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 28:3-105. Issue of instrument

(a) “Issue” means the first delivery of an instrument by the maker or drawer, whether to a holder or nonholder, for the purpose of giving rights on the instrument to any person. (b) An unissued instrument, or an unissued incomplete instrument that is completed, is binding on the maker or drawer, but nonissuance is a defense. An instrument that is conditionally issued or is issued for a special purpose is binding on the maker or drawer, but failure of the condition or special purpose to be fulfilled is a defense. (c) “Issuer” applies to issued and unissued instruments and means a maker or drawer of an instrument.  (Mar. 23, 1995, D.C. Law 10-249, § 2(d), 42 DCR 467.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:3-105. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:3-103. Uniform Commercial Code Comment 1. Under former Section 3-102(1)(a) “issue” was defined as the first delivery to a “holder or a remitter” but the term “remitter” was neither defined nor otherwise used. In revised Article 3, Section 3-105(a) defines “issue” more broadly to include the first delivery to anyone by the drawer or maker for the purpose of giving rights to anyone on the instrument. “Delivery” with respect to instruments is defined in Section 1-201(14) as meaning “voluntary transfer of possession.” 2. Subsection (b) continues the rule that nonissuance, conditional issuance or issuance for a special purpose is a defense of the maker or drawer of an instrument. Thus, the defense can be asserted against a person other than a holder in due course. The same rule applies to nonissuance of an incomplete instrument later completed. 3. Subsection (c) defines “issuer” to include the signer of an unissued instrument for convenience of reference in the statute.
DC Code § 28:3-107 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Part I - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 28:3-107. Instrument payable in foreign money

Unless the instrument otherwise provides, an instrument that states the amount payable in foreign money may be paid in the foreign money or in an equivalent amount in dollars calculated by using the current bank-offered spot rate at the place of payment for the purchase of dollars on the day on which the instrument is paid.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 674, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Mar. 23, 1995, D.C. Law 10-249, § 2(d), 42 DCR 467.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:3-107. 1973 Ed., § 28:3-107. Uniform Commercial Code Comment The definition of instrument in Section 3-104 requires that the promise or order be payable in “money.” That term is defined in Section 1-201(24) and is not limited to United States dollars. Section 3-107 states that an instrument payable in foreign money may be paid in dollars if the instrument does not prohibit it. It also states a conversion rate which applies in the absence of a different conversion rate stated in the instrument. The reference in former Section 3-107(1) to instruments payable in “currency” or “current funds” has been dropped as superfluous.
DC Code § 28:3-108 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Part I - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 28:3-108. Payable on demand or at definite time

(a) A promise or order is “payable on demand” if it (i) states that it is payable on demand or at sight, or otherwise indicates that it is payable at the will of the holder, or (ii) does not state any time of payment. (b) A promise or order is “payable at a definite time” if it is payable on elapse of a definite period of time after sight or acceptance or at a fixed date or dates or at a time or times readily ascertainable at the time the promise or order is issued, subject to rights of (i) prepayment, (ii) acceleration, (iii) extension at the option of the holder, or (iv) extension to a further definite time at the option of the maker or acceptor or automatically upon or after a specified act or event. (c) If an instrument, payable at a fixed date, is also payable upon demand made before the fixed date, the instrument is payable on demand until the fixed date and, if demand for payment is not made before that date, becomes payable at a definite time on the fixed date.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 675, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Mar. 23, 1995, D.C. Law 10-249, § 2(d), 42 DCR 467.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:3-108. 1973 Ed., § 28:3-108. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:3-103. Uniform Commercial Code Comment This section is a restatement of former Section 3-108 and Section 3-109. Subsection (b) broadens former Section 3-109 somewhat by providing that a definite time includes a time readily ascertainable at the time the promise or order is issued. Subsection (b)(iii) and (iv) restates former Section 3-109(1)(d). It adopts the generally accepted rule that a clause providing for extension at the option of the holder, even without a time limit, does not affect negotiability since the holder is given only a right which the holder would have without the clause. If the extension is to be at the option of the maker or acceptor or is to be automatic, a definite time limit must be stated or the time of payment remains uncertain and the order or promise is not a negotiable instrument. If a definite time limit is stated, the effect upon certainty of time of payment is the same as if the instrument were made payable at the ultimate date with a term providing for acceleration.
DC Code § 28:3-111 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Part I - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 28:3-111. Place of payment

Except as otherwise provided for items in Article 4, an instrument is payable at the place of payment stated in the instrument. If no place of payment is stated, an instrument is payable at the address of the drawee or maker stated in the instrument. If no address is stated, the place of payment is the place of business of the drawee or maker. If a drawee or maker has more than one place of business, the place of payment is any place of business of the drawee or maker chosen by the person entitled to enforce the instrument. If the drawee or maker has no place of business, the place of payment is the residence of the drawee or maker.  (Mar. 23, 1995, D.C. Law 10-249, § 2(d), 42 DCR 467.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:3-111. Uniform Commercial Code Comment If an instrument is payable at a bank in the United States, Section 3-501(b)(1) states that presentment must be made at the place of payment, i.e. the bank. The place of presentment of a check is governed by Regulation CC s 229.36.