CO Code § 7-113-102 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 7 - Corporations and Associations|Article 113 - Appraisal Rights|Part 1 - Right to Appraisal and Payment for Shares|§ 7-113-102. Right to Appraisal

  A shareholder is entitled to appraisal rights and to obtain payment of the fair value of that shareholder's shares in the event of any of the following corporate actions:   Consummation of a merger to which the corporation is a party if:   Shareholder approval is required for the merger by section 7-111-103 and the shareholder is entitled to vote on the merger; except that appraisal rights are not available to a shareholder of the corporation with respect to shares of any class or series that remain outstanding after consummation of the merger; or    The corporation is a subsidiary that is merged with its parent corporation under section 7-111-104;       Consummation of a share exchange to which the corporation is a party as the corporation whose shares will be acquired if the shareholder is entitled to vote on the exchange; except that appraisal rights are not available to any shareholder of the corporation with respect to any class or series of shares of the corporation that is not exchanged;    Consummation of a disposition of assets pursuant to section 7-112-102 (1) if the shareholder is entitled to vote on the disposition;    Consummation of a disposition of assets of an entity controlled by the corporation pursuant to section 7-112-102 (2) if the shareholders of the corporation were entitled to vote on the consent of the corporation to the disposition;    An amendment to the articles of incorporation with respect to a class or series of shares that reduces the number of shares of a class or series owned by the shareholder to a fraction of a share if the corporation has the obligation or right to repurchase the fractional share so created;    Any other amendment to the articles of incorporation, merger, share exchange, or disposition of assets to the extent provided by the articles of incorporation, bylaws, or resolution of the board of directors;    Consummation of a conversion of the corporation to nonprofit status pursuant to section 7-90-201;    Consummation of a conversion of the corporation to an unincorporated entity pursuant to section 7-90-206 (2) if the shareholder is entitled to vote on the conversion; or    Consummation of a division, as defined in section 10-3-1701 (4), to which the corporation is a party if the corporation does not survive the division, subject to the limitations set forth in section 10-3-1713.       Notwithstanding subsection (1) of this section, the availability of appraisal rights under subsections (1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(c), (1)(d), (1)(e), (1)(h), and (1)(i) of this section are limited in accordance with the following provisions:   Appraisal rights are not available for the holders of shares of any class or series of shares that is:   A covered security under section 18 (b)(1)(A) or 18 (b)(1)(B) of the federal “Securities Act of 1933”, 15 U.S.C. 77r (b)(1)(A) and 77r (b)(1)(B); or    Not a covered security but is traded in an organized market and has a market value of at least twenty million dollars, exclusive of the value of the shares held by the corporation's subsidiaries, senior executives, directors, and persons known to the corporation owning more than ten percent of the shares; or    Issued by an open-end management investment company registered with the federal securities and exchange commission under the federal “Investment Company Act of 1940”, 15 U.S.C. sec. 80a-1 et seq., and that may be redeemed at the option of the holder at net asset value.       The applicability of subsection (2)(a) of this section is determined as of:   The record date fixed to determine the shareholders entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at, the meeting of shareholders to act upon the corporate action requiring appraisal rights; or    The day before the effective date of the corporate action if there is no meeting of shareholders.       Subsection (2)(a) of this section does not apply and appraisal rights are available pursuant to subsection (1) of this section for the holders of any class or series of shares that is required by the terms of the corporate action requiring appraisal rights to accept for the shares anything other than:   Cash; or    Shares of any class or any series of shares of any corporation, or any other proprietary interest of any other entity, that satisfy the standards set forth in subsection (2)(a) of this section at the time the corporate action becomes effective.       Subsection (2)(a) of this section does not apply and appraisal rights are available pursuant to subsection (1) of this section for the holders of any class or series of shares where the corporate action is an interested transaction.       Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the articles of incorporation as originally filed or as amended may limit or eliminate appraisal rights for any class or series of preferred shares; except that an amendment to the articles of incorporation does not apply to any corporate action that becomes effective within one year after the effective date of the amendment if:   That action would otherwise afford appraisal rights; and    The amendment limits or eliminates appraisal rights for shares that:   Are outstanding immediately before the effective date of the amendment; or    The corporation is or may be required to issue or sell after the effective date of the amendment pursuant to any conversion, exchange, or other right existing immediately before the effective date of the amendment.           History. Source: L. 2019: Entire article R&RE,(SB 19-086), ch. 166, p. 1950, § 56, effective July 1, 2020. L. 2021: (1)(g), (1)(h), and IP(2) amended and (1)(i) added,(HB 21-1013), ch. 144, p. 855, § 2, effective September 7.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 7-113-102 as it existed prior to July 1, 2020.   Cross references:   For the federal “Securities Exchange Act of 1934”, see 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “Sale of Substantially All Corporate Assets”, see 16 Colo. Law. 455 (1987). For article, “Mergers and Acquisitions in Colorado: A Practitioner's Roadmap”, see 16 Colo. Law. 769 (1987). For article, “Dissenter's Rights in Colorado”, see 18 Colo. Law. 1101 (1989). For article, “Dissenters' Rights: Business Valuation Issues Post-Pueblo and Szaloczi”, see 35 Colo. Law. 25 (June 2006).   Annotator's note. Since § 7-113-102 is similar to § 7-4-123 as it existed prior to the 1993 recodification of the “Colorado Business Corporation Act”, articles 101 to 117 of title 7, a case construing that provision has been included in the annotations to this section.   Defendant corporation owed dissenting stockholder the fair value, not the redemption value, for plaintiff's preferred stock. Fair value is akin to fair market value, the value a shareholder would receive in an arms-length transaction, and not necessarily an existent redemptive value if the redemptive value is lower than fair market value. Breniman v. Agricultural Consultants, 829 P.2d 493 (Colo. App. 1992).   Extraordinary actions of the corporation in selling off its property permit the dissenting shareholder to invoke this section to obtain fair value payment for his shares. Breniman v. Agricultural Consultants, 829 P.2d 493 (Colo. App. 1992).   An action by a minority shareholder for compensatory damages based on breach of fiduciary duty and conspiracy is not within the statutory exception to exclusivity, as it is not an action for equitable relief challenging the corporate action that created the right to dissent and obtain payment for the minority owner's shares, and actions against the officers and directors rather than the corporation are subject to the exclusivity requirement. Szaloczi v. Behrmann Revocable Trust, 90 P.3d 835 (Colo. 2004).   A company cannot enforce the liquidated damages term of a noncompete provision in a shareholder-employment agreement against a dissenting shareholder/employee when the dissenting shareholder/employee is forced out of employment by the action of a merger. Crocker v. Greater Colo. Anesthesia, P.C., , 463 P.3d 860 .