reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9-306 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9 - Child Custody and Visitation|Subtitle 3 - Removal of Child From State; Child Abduction|Section 9-306 - Clear and Present Danger to Child

    (a)    If an individual violates the provisions of § 9-304 or § 9-305 of this subtitle, the individual may file in an equity court a petition that:        (1)    states that, at the time the act was done, a failure to do the act would have resulted in a clear and present danger to the health, safety, or welfare of the child; and        (2)    seeks to revise, amend, or clarify the custody order.    (b)    If a petition is filed as provided in subsection (a) of this section within 96 hours of the act, a finding by the court that, at the time the act was done, a failure to do the act would have resulted in a clear and present danger to the health, safety, or welfare of the child is a complete defense to any action brought for a violation of § 9-304 or § 9-305 of this subtitle.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9-307 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9 - Child Custody and Visitation|Subtitle 3 - Removal of Child From State; Child Abduction|Section 9-307 - Penalties

    (a)    A person who violates any provision of § 9–304 of this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $250 or imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.    (b)    If the child is out of the custody of the lawful custodian for not more than 30 days, a person who violates any provision of § 9–305(a) of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year, or both.    (c)    If the child is out of the custody of the lawful custodian for more than 30 days, a person who violates any provision of § 9–305(a) of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $2,500 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 years, or both.    (d)    A person who violates any provision of § 9–305(b) of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or both.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9-401 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9 - Child Custody and Visitation|Subtitle 4 - Missing Children|Section 9-401 - Definitions

    (a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    “Law enforcement agency” means a State, county, or municipal police department or agency, or a sheriff’s department.    (c)    “Missing child” means a person who is:        (1)    under the age of 18 years; and        (2)    the subject of a missing persons report filed with a law enforcement agency in this State and whose whereabouts are unknown.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9-403 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9 - Child Custody and Visitation|Subtitle 4 - Missing Children|Section 9-403 - Clearinghouse for Missing Children; Voluntary Fingerprinting Programs; Advisory Council

    (a)    There is a State Clearinghouse for Missing Children operated by the Department of State Police that is responsible for:        (1)    the receipt, collection, and distribution of general information and annual statistics regarding missing children; and        (2)    coordination of law enforcement agencies and other interested persons or groups within and outside the State regarding information on children who have disappeared from, or are thought to be located in, Maryland.    (b)    For children who have disappeared from or are thought to be located in the State, the State Clearinghouse for Missing Children:        (1)    shall publish:            (i)    the names of and relevant available information on missing children; and            (ii)    annual statistics regarding missing children; and        (2)    may establish and maintain a list of organizations and groups that provide volunteer search teams or resources relating to missing children.    (c)    The Secretary of State Police may develop, in cooperation with local law enforcement agencies, a plan for voluntary fingerprinting programs for children.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-102 - Scope of Title

    This title does not govern a proceeding pertaining to the authorization of emergency medical care for a child.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-103 - Child Custody Proceedings Involving American Indians

    (a)    A child custody proceeding that pertains to an Indian child, as defined in the Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq., is not subject to this title to the extent that it is governed by the Indian Child Welfare Act.    (b)    A court of this State shall treat a tribe as if it were a state of the United States for the purpose of applying this subtitle and Subtitle 2 of this title.    (c)    A child custody determination made by a tribe under factual circumstances in substantial conformity with the jurisdictional standards of this title must be recognized and enforced under Subtitle 3 of this title.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-104 - Child Custody Proceedings Involving Foreign Countries

    (a)    A court of this State shall treat a foreign country as if it were a state of the United States for the purpose of applying this subtitle and Subtitle 2 of this title.    (b)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section, a child custody determination made in a foreign country under factual circumstances in substantial conformity with the jurisdictional standards of this title must be recognized and enforced under Subtitle 3 of this title.    (c)    A court of this State need not apply this title if the child custody law of a foreign country violates fundamental principles of human rights.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-105 - Custody Determination Binding and Conclusive

    (a)    A child custody determination made by a court of this State that had jurisdiction under this title binds all persons who have been served in accordance with the laws of this State or notified in accordance with § 9.5-107 of this subtitle or who have submitted to the jurisdiction of the court, and who have been given an opportunity to be heard.    (b)    As to those persons, the determination is conclusive as to all decided issues of law and fact except to the extent the determination is modified.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-106 - Questions of Jurisdiction Given Priority

    If a question of existence or exercise of jurisdiction under this title is raised in a child custody proceeding, the question, on request of a party, shall be given priority on the calendar and handled expeditiously.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-107 - Notice for Exercise of Jurisdiction

    (a)    (1)    Notice required for the exercise of jurisdiction when a person is outside this State may be given in a manner prescribed by the law of this State for service of process or by the law of the state in which the service is made.        (2)    Notice shall be given in a manner reasonably calculated to give actual notice but may be by publication if other means are not effective.    (b)    Proof of service may be made in the manner prescribed by the law of this State or by the law of the state in which the service is made.    (c)    Notice is not required for the exercise of jurisdiction with respect to a person who submits to the jurisdiction of the court.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-108 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-108 - Immunity From Personal Jurisdiction

    (a)    A party to a child custody proceeding, including a modification proceeding, or a petitioner or respondent in a proceeding to enforce or register a child custody determination, is not subject to personal jurisdiction in this State for another proceeding or purpose solely by reason of having participated, or of having been physically present for the purpose of participating, in the proceeding.    (b)    (1)    A person who is subject to personal jurisdiction in this State on a basis other than physical presence is not immune from service of process in this State.        (2)    A party present in this State who is subject to the jurisdiction of another state is not immune from service of process allowable under the laws of that state.    (c)    The immunity granted by subsection (a) of this section does not extend to civil litigation based on acts unrelated to the participation in a proceeding under this title committed by an individual while present in this State.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-109 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-109 - Communication Between Courts

    (a)    In this section, “record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.    (b)    A court of this State may communicate with a court in another state concerning a proceeding arising under this title.    (c)    (1)    The court may allow the parties to participate in the communication.        (2)    If the parties are not able to participate in the communication, they shall be given the opportunity to present facts and legal arguments before a decision on jurisdiction is made.    (d)    (1)    Communication between courts on schedules, calendars, court records, and similar matters may occur without informing the parties.        (2)    A record need not be made of the communication.    (e)    (1)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section and notwithstanding any other provision of law, a record shall be made of a communication under this section.        (2)    The parties shall be informed promptly of the communication and granted access to the record.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-110 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-110 - Obtaining Testimony of Witnesses in Another State

    (a)    (1)    In addition to other procedures available to a party, a party to a child custody proceeding may offer testimony of witnesses who are located in another state, including testimony of the parties and the child, by deposition or other means allowable in this State for testimony taken in another state.        (2)    The court on its own motion may order that the testimony of a person be taken in another state and may prescribe the manner in which and the terms on which the testimony is taken.    (b)    (1)    A court of this State may permit an individual residing in another state to be deposed or to testify by telephone, audiovisual means, or other electronic means before a designated court or at another location in that state.        (2)    A court of this State shall cooperate with courts of other states in designating an appropriate location for the deposition or testimony.    (c)    Documentary evidence transmitted from another state to a court of this State by technological means that do not produce an original writing may not be excluded from evidence on an objection based on the means of transmission.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-111 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions|Section 9.5-111 - Requests to Another State

    (a)    A court of this State may request the appropriate court of another state to:        (1)    hold an evidentiary hearing;        (2)    order a person to produce or give evidence in accordance with procedures of that state;        (3)    order that an evaluation be made with respect to the custody of a child involved in a pending proceeding;        (4)    forward to the court of this State a certified copy of the transcript of the record of the hearing, the evidence otherwise presented, and any evaluation prepared in compliance with the request; and        (5)    order a party to a child custody proceeding or any person having physical custody of the child to appear in the proceeding with or without the child.    (b)    On request of a court of another state, a court of this State may hold a hearing or enter an order described in subsection (a) of this section.    (c)    Travel and other necessary and reasonable expenses incurred under subsections (a) and (b) of this section may be assessed against the parties according to the law of this State.    (d)    (1)    A court of this State shall preserve the pleadings, orders, decrees, records of hearings, evaluations, and other pertinent records with respect to a child custody proceeding until the child attains 18 years of age.        (2)    On appropriate request by a court or law enforcement official of another state, the court shall forward a certified copy of those records.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-201 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 2 - Jurisdiction|Section 9.5-201 - When Court Has Jurisdiction

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in § 9.5-204 of this subtitle, a court of this State has jurisdiction to make an initial child custody determination only if:        (1)    this State is the home state of the child on the date of the commencement of the proceeding, or was the home state of the child within 6 months before the commencement of the proceeding and the child is absent from this State but a parent or person acting as a parent continues to live in this State;        (2)    a court of another state does not have jurisdiction under item (1) of this subsection, or a court of the home state of the child has declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that this State is the more appropriate forum under § 9.5-207 or § 9.5-208 of this subtitle, and:            (i)    the child and the child’s parents, or the child and at least one parent or a person acting as a parent, have a significant connection with this State other than mere physical presence; and            (ii)    substantial evidence is available in this State concerning the child’s care, protection, training, and personal relationships;        (3)    all courts having jurisdiction under item (1) or (2) of this subsection have declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that a court of this State is the more appropriate forum to determine the custody of the child under § 9.5-207 or § 9.5-208 of this subtitle; or        (4)    no court of any other state would have jurisdiction under the criteria specified in item (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection.    (b)    Subsection (a) of this section is the exclusive jurisdictional basis for making a child custody determination by a court of this State.    (c)    Physical presence of, or personal jurisdiction over, a party or a child is not necessary or sufficient to make a child custody determination.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-202 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 2 - Jurisdiction|Section 9.5-202 - Exclusive, Continuing Jurisdiction

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in § 9.5-204 of this subtitle, a court of this State that has made a child custody determination consistent with § 9.5-201 or § 9.5-203 of this subtitle has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over the determination until:        (1)    a court of this State determines that neither the child, the child and one parent, nor the child and a person acting as a parent have a significant connection with this State and that substantial evidence is no longer available in this State concerning the child’s care, protection, training, and personal relationships; or        (2)    a court of this State or a court of another state determines that the child, the child’s parents, and any person acting as a parent do not presently reside in this State.    (b)    A court of this State that has made a child custody determination and does not have exclusive, continuing jurisdiction under this section may modify that determination only if it has jurisdiction to make an initial determination under § 9.5-201 of this subtitle.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-203 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 2 - Jurisdiction|Section 9.5-203 - Modification of Out-of-State Custody Determination

    Except as otherwise provided in § 9.5-204 of this subtitle, a court of this State may not modify a child custody determination made by a court of another state unless a court of this State has jurisdiction to make an initial determination under § 9.5-201(a)(1) or (2) of this subtitle and:         (1)    the court of the other state determines it no longer has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction under § 9.5-202 of this subtitle or that a court of this State would be a more convenient forum under § 9.5-207 of this subtitle; or        (2)    a court of this State or a court of the other state determines that the child, the child’s parents, and any person acting as a parent do not presently reside in the other state.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-204 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 2 - Jurisdiction|Section 9.5-204 - Temporary Emergency Jurisdiction

    (a)    A court of this State has temporary emergency jurisdiction if the child is present in this State and the child has been abandoned or it is necessary in an emergency to protect the child because the child, or a sibling or parent of the child, is subjected to or threatened with mistreatment or abuse.    (b)    (1)    If there is no previous child custody determination that is entitled to be enforced under this title and a child custody proceeding has not been commenced in a court of a state having jurisdiction under §§ 9.5-201 through 9.5-203 of this subtitle, a child custody determination made under this section remains in effect until an order is obtained from a court of a state having jurisdiction under §§ 9.5-201 through 9.5-203 of this subtitle.        (2)    If a child custody proceeding has not been or is not commenced in a court of a state having jurisdiction under §§ 9.5-201 through 9.5-203 of this subtitle, a child custody determination made under this section becomes a final determination if the determination so provides and this State becomes the home state of the child.    (c)    (1)    If there is a previous child custody determination that is entitled to be enforced under this title, or a child custody proceeding has been commenced in a court of a state having jurisdiction under §§ 9.5-201 through 9.5-203 of this subtitle, any order issued by a court of this State under this section shall specify in the order a period that the court considers adequate to allow the person seeking an order to obtain an order from the state having jurisdiction under §§ 9.5-201 through 9.5-203 of this subtitle.        (2)    The order issued in this State remains in effect until an order is obtained from the other state within the period specified or the period expires.    (d)    (1)    A court of this State that has been asked to make a child custody determination under this section, on being informed that a child custody proceeding has been commenced in, or a child custody determination has been made by, a court of a state having jurisdiction under §§ 9.5-201 through 9.5-203 of this subtitle, shall immediately communicate with the other court.        (2)    A court of this State that is exercising jurisdiction in accordance with §§ 9.5-201 through 9.5-203 of this subtitle, on being informed that a child custody proceeding has been commenced in, or a child custody determination has been made by, a court of another state under a statute similar to this section shall immediately communicate with the court of that state to resolve the emergency, protect the safety of the parties and the child, and determine a period for the duration of the temporary order.
MD. Family Law Code Ann. §  9.5-205 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Family Law|Title 9.5 - Maryland Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|Subtitle 2 - Jurisdiction|Section 9.5-205 - Notice and Opportunity to Be Heard

    (a)    Before a child custody determination is made under this title, notice and an opportunity to be heard in accordance with the standards of § 9.5-107 of this title shall be given to all persons entitled to notice under the law of this State as in child custody proceedings between residents of this State, any parent whose parental rights have not been previously terminated, and any person having physical custody of the child.    (b)    This title does not govern the enforceability of a child custody determination made without notice or an opportunity to be heard.    (c)    The obligation to join a party and the right to intervene as a party in a child custody proceeding under this title are governed by the law of this State as in child custody proceedings between residents of this State.