reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 2 § 202 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 2 - Judicial Proceedings|Section 202 - Jurisdiction Over Trustee and Beneficiary

Section 202. Jurisdiction over trustee and beneficiary  (a) By accepting the trusteeship of a trust having its principal place of administration in the commonwealth or by moving the principal place of administration to the commonwealth, the trustee submits personally to the jurisdiction of the courts of the commonwealth regarding any matter involving the trust.  (b) With respect to their interests in the trust, the beneficiaries of a trust with its principal place of administration in the commonwealth shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of the commonwealth regarding any matter involving the trust. By accepting a distribution from such a trust, the recipient submits personally to the jurisdiction of the courts of the commonwealth regarding any matter involving the trust.  (c) This section shall not preclude other methods of obtaining jurisdiction over a trustee, beneficiary or other person receiving property from the trust.
MA Gen L ch 2 § 203 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 2 - Judicial Proceedings|Section 203 - Trust Proceedings; Dismissal of Matters Relating to Foreign Trusts

Section 203. Trust proceedings; dismissal of matters relating to foreign trusts  The court shall not over the objection of a party, entertain proceedings under section 201 involving a trust registered or having its principal place of administration in another state, unless: (1) all appropriate parties could not be bound by litigation in the courts of the state where the trust is registered or has its principal place of administration; or (2) the interests of justice otherwise would seriously be impaired. The court may condition a stay or dismissal of a proceeding under this section on the consent of a party to submit to the jurisdiction of the state in which the trust is registered or has its principal place of administration or the court may grant a continuance or enter any other appropriate order.
MA Gen L ch 2 § 204 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 2 - Judicial Proceedings|Section 204 - Venue

Section 204. Venue  A trust shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the probate and family court department of the trial court of the commonwealth in the county where its principal place of administration is located. The principal place of administration of a testamentary trust shall be deemed to be the location of the court of the commonwealth in which the will creating the trust was granted informal or formal probate. Unless otherwise designated in the trust instrument, the principal place of administration of an inter vivos trust shall be the trustee's usual place of business where the records pertaining to the trust are kept or at the trustee's residence if the trustee has no such place of business. In the case of co-trustees, the principal place of administration, if not otherwise designated in the trust instrument, shall be: (1) the usual place of business of the corporate trustee if there is but 1 corporate co-trustee; (2) the usual place of business or residence of the individual trustee who is a professional fiduciary if there is but 1 such person and no corporate co-trustee; or (3) the usual place of business or residence of any of the co-trustees as agreed upon by them.
MA Gen L ch 2 § 205 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 2 - Judicial Proceedings|Section 205 - Petition for Transfers of Trust Property the Disposition of Which Depends Upon the Death of an Absentee

Section 205. Petition for transfers of trust property the disposition of which depends upon the death of an absentee  (a) If a trustee holds trust property the disposition of which depends upon the death of an absentee whose death has not been determined, the trustee, or any person who would be interested in the trust property if the absentee were dead may on or after the day 5 years after the date of the absentee's disappearance petition the court having jurisdiction of the trust for an order that the trust property be disposed of to the persons it would have been distributed to under the trust if the absentee had died on that day.  (b) The court may direct the petitioner to report the results of a reasonably diligent search for the absentee in any manner that may seem advisable, including any or all of the following methods:  (1) by inserting in a periodical of general circulation a notice requesting information from any person having knowledge of the whereabouts of the absentee;  (2) by notifying law enforcement officials, public welfare agencies and registers of deaths in appropriate locations of the disappearance of the absentee; or  (3) by engaging the services of an investigator.  The costs of any search so directed shall be paid from the trust property.  (c) After a search described in subsection (b) has been completed to the satisfaction of the court, notice of the hearing on the petition shall be given as provided in section 1–401 of chapter 190B.  (d) If after the hearing the court finds that the facts warrant a presumption of death, the court shall enter an appropriate order of disposition of the trust property and any undistributed net income.
MA Gen L ch 3 § 301 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 3 - Representation|Section 301 - Representation: Basic Effect

Section 301. Representation: basic effect.  (a) Notice to a person who may represent and bind another person under this article shall have the same effect as if notice were given directly to the other person.  (b) The consent of a person who may represent and bind another person under this article shall be binding on the person represented unless the person represented objects to the representation before the consent becomes effective.  (c) Except as otherwise provided in section 602, a person who, under this article, may represent a settlor who lacks capacity may receive notice and give binding consent on the settlor's behalf.  (d) A settlor may not represent and bind a beneficiary under this article with respect to the termination or modification of a trust under subsection (a) of section 411.
MA Gen L ch 3 § 302 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 3 - Representation|Section 302 - Representation by Holder of General Testamentary Power of Appointment

Section 302. Representation by holder of general testamentary power of appointment  To the extent there is no conflict of interest between the holder of a general testamentary power of appointment and the persons represented with respect to the particular question or dispute, the holder may represent and bind persons whose interests, as permissible appointees, takers in default or otherwise, are subject to the power.
MA Gen L ch 3 § 303 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 3 - Representation|Section 303 - Representation by Fiduciaries and Parents

Section 303. Representation by fiduciaries and parents  To the extent there is no conflict of interest between the representative and the person represented or among those being represented with respect to a particular question or dispute:  (1) a conservator may represent and bind the estate that the conservator controls;  (2) a guardian may represent and bind the ward or protected person if a conservator has not been appointed;  (3) an agent having authority to act with respect to the particular question or dispute may represent and bind the principal;  (4) a trustee may represent and bind the beneficiaries of the trust;  (5) a personal representative of a decedent's estate may represent and bind persons interested in the estate; and  (6) a parent may represent and bind the parent's minor or unborn child if a conservator or guardian for the child has not been appointed.
MA Gen L ch 3 § 304 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 3 - Representation|Section 304 - Representation by Person Having Substantially Identical Interest

Section 304. Representation by person having substantially identical interest  Unless otherwise represented, a minor, incapacitated or unborn individual or a person whose identity or location is unknown and not reasonably ascertainable, may be represented by and bound by another having a substantially identical interest with respect to the particular question or dispute, but only to the extent there is no conflict of interest between the representative and the person represented.
MA Gen L ch 3 § 305 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 3 - Representation|Section 305 - Appointment of Guardian Ad Litem

Section 305. Appointment of guardian ad litem  (a) If the court determines that an interest is not represented under this article or that the otherwise available representation might be inadequate, the court may appoint a guardian ad litem to receive notice, give consent and otherwise represent, bind and act on behalf of a minor, incapacitated or unborn individual or a person whose identity or location is unknown. A guardian ad litem may be appointed to represent several persons or interests.  (b) A guardian ad litem may act on behalf of the individual represented with respect to any matter arising under this chapter, whether or not a judicial proceeding concerning the trust is pending.  (c) In making decisions, a guardian ad litem may consider general benefit accruing to the living members of the individual's family.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 401 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 401 - Methods of Creating Trust

Section 401. Methods of creating trust  A trust may be created by:  (1) transfer of property to another person as trustee during the settlor's lifetime or by will or other disposition taking effect upon the settlor's death;  (2) declaration by the owner of property that the owner holds identifiable property as trustee; or  (3) exercise of a power of appointment in favor of a trustee.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 402 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 402 - Requirements for Creation

Section 402. Requirements for creation  (a) A trust shall be created only if:  (1) the settlor has capacity to create a trust;  (2) the settlor indicates an intention to create the trust;  (3) the trust has a definite beneficiary or is:  (A) a charitable trust;  (B) a trust for the care of an animal, as provided in section 408; or  (C) a trust for a non-charitable purpose, as provided in section 409;  (4) the trustee has duties to perform; and  (5) the same person is not the sole trustee and sole beneficiary.  (b) A beneficiary shall be definite if the beneficiary can be ascertained now or in the future, subject to any applicable rule against perpetuities.  (c) A power in a trustee to select a beneficiary from an indefinite class shall be valid. If the power is not exercised within a reasonable time, the power shall fail and the property subject to the power shall pass to the persons who would have taken the property had the power not been conferred.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 403 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 403 - Trusts Created in Other Jurisdictions

Section 403. Trusts created in other jurisdictions  A trust not created by will shall be validly created if its creation complies with the law of the jurisdiction in which the trust instrument was executed or the law of the jurisdiction in which, at the time of creation:  (1) the settlor was domiciled, had a place of abode or was a national;  (2) a trustee was domiciled or had a place of business; or  (3) any trust property was located.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 404 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 404 - Trust Purposes

Section 404. Trust purposes  A trust may be created only to the extent its purposes are lawful and not contrary to public policy.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 405 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 405 - Charitable Purposes; Enforcement

Section 405. Charitable purposes; enforcement  (a) A charitable trust may be created for the relief of poverty, the advancement of education or religion, the promotion of health, governmental or municipal purposes or other purposes which are beneficial to the community.  (b) If the terms of a charitable trust do not indicate a particular charitable purpose or beneficiary and do not provide a method to select such a purpose or beneficiary, the court may select 1 or more charitable purposes or beneficiaries. The selection shall be consistent with the settlor's intention to the extent it can be ascertained.  (c) The settlor of a charitable trust may maintain a proceeding to enforce the trust.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 406 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 406 - Creation of Trust Induced by Fraud, Duress or Undue Influence

Section 406. Creation of trust induced by fraud, duress or undue influence  A trust shall be void to the extent its creation was induced by fraud, duress or undue influence.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 407 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 407 - Evidence of Oral Trust

Section 407. Evidence of oral trust  Except as required by statute, a trust need not be evidenced by a trust instrument. The creation of an oral trust and its terms shall be established by clear and convincing evidence.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 409 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 409 - Non-Charitable Trust Without Ascertainable Beneficiary

Section 409. Non-charitable trust without ascertainable beneficiary.  Except as otherwise provided in section 408, or by another general or special law, the following rules shall apply:  (1) A trust may be created for a non-charitable purpose without a definite or definitely ascertainable beneficiary or for a non-charitable but otherwise valid purpose to be selected by the trustee.  (2) A trust authorized by this section may be enforced by a person appointed in the terms of the trust or, if no person is so appointed, by a person appointed by the court.  (3) Property of a trust authorized by this section may be applied only to its intended use, except to the extent the court determines that the value of the trust property exceeds the amount required for the intended use. Property not required for the intended use shall be distributed to the settlor, if then living, otherwise to the settlor's successors in interest, unless the terms of the trust provide otherwise.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 410 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 410 - Modification or Termination of Trust; Proceedings for Approval or Disapproval

Section 410. Modification or termination of trust; proceedings for approval or disapproval  (a) In addition to the methods of termination prescribed by sections 411 to 414, inclusive, a trust shall terminate if it is revoked or expires under its terms, no purpose of the trust remains to be achieved or the purposes of the trust have become unlawful, contrary to public policy or impossible to achieve.  (b) A proceeding to approve or disapprove a proposed modification or termination under sections 411 to 416, inclusive, or a trust combination or division under section 417, may be commenced by a trustee or beneficiary and a proceeding to approve or disapprove a proposed modification or termination under section 411 may be commenced by the settlor.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 411 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 411 - Modification or Termination of Non-Charitable Irrevocable Trust by Consent

Section 411. Modification or termination of non-charitable irrevocable trust by consent  (a) If, upon petition, the court finds that the settlor and all beneficiaries consent to the modification or termination of a non-charitable irrevocable trust, the court may approve the modification or termination even if the modification or termination is inconsistent with a material purpose of the trust.  (b) A non-charitable irrevocable trust may be terminated upon consent of all of the beneficiaries if the court concludes that continuance of the trust is not necessary to achieve any material purpose of the trust. A non-charitable irrevocable trust may be modified upon consent of all of the beneficiaries if the court concludes that modification is not inconsistent with a material purpose of the trust.  (c) If not all of the beneficiaries consent to a proposed modification or termination of the trust under subsection (a) or (b), the modification or termination may be approved by the court if the court is satisfied that:  (1) if all of the beneficiaries had consented, the trust could have been modified or terminated under this section; and  (2) the interests of a beneficiary who does not consent will be adequately protected.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 412 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 412 - Modification or Termination Because of Unanticipated Circumstances or Inability to Administer Trust Effectively

Section 412. Modification or termination because of unanticipated circumstances or inability to administer trust effectively  (a) The court may modify the administrative or dispositive terms of a trust or terminate the trust if, because of circumstances not anticipated by the settlor, modification or termination will further the purposes of the trust. To the extent practicable, the modification shall be made in accordance with the settlor's probable intent.  (b) The court may modify the administrative terms of a trust if continuation of the trust on its existing terms would be impracticable or wasteful or impair the trust's administration.
MA Gen L ch 4 § 414 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part II - Real and Personal Property and Domestic Relations|Title II - Descent and Distribution, Wills, Estates of Deceased Persons and Absentees, Guardianship, Conservatorship and Trusts|Chapter 203e - Massachusetts Uniform Trust Code|Article 4 - Creation, Validity, Modification and Termination of Trust|Section 414 - Modification or Termination of Uneconomic Trust

Section 414. Modification or termination of uneconomic trust  (a) After notice to the qualified beneficiaries, the trustee of a trust consisting of trust property having a total value of less than $200,000 may terminate the trust if the trustee concludes that the value of the trust property is insufficient to justify the cost of administration.  (b) The court may modify or terminate a trust or remove the trustee and appoint a different trustee if it determines that the value of the trust property is insufficient to justify the cost of administration.  (c) Upon termination of a trust under this section, the trustee shall distribute the trust property in a manner consistent with the purposes of the trust.  (d) This section shall not apply to an easement for conservation or preservation.  (e) Action may be taken under this section regardless of any spendthrift or similar protective provision.