reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY Hwy L § 171 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 171 - Highways by Dedication.

§ 171. Highways by dedication. 1. Whenever land is dedicated to a town   for  highway  purposes  therein,  the  town  superintendent may with the   consent of the town board, either with or without a written  application   therefor, and without expense to the town, make an order laying out such   highway,  upon filing and recording in the town clerk's office with such   order a release of the land from the owner thereof. A  highway  so  laid   out  must  not  be less than three rods in width, except that where such   highway is located on a sand beach separated by more than two  miles  of   water from the main body of the town of which it forms a part and is not   an  extension or continuation of a public highway already in use and has   erected thereon a board walk not less than one-third the width  of  said   highway,  such  highway so laid out may be less than three rods in width   and must not be less than ten feet in  width,  provided,  however,  that   upon  certification  in writing by the commissioner of transportation of   the necessity therefor and the  filing  of  such  certification  in  the   office  of  the town clerk of the town in which such highway is located,   any such highway may be of such width, less  than  three  rods,  as  the   commissioner  shall specify in such certificate. Section one hundred and   eighty does not apply to a highway by dedication.2. Such town superintendent may also,  upon  written  application  and   with  the written consent of the town board, make an order laying out or   altering a highway, or discontinuing a highway, which has become useless   since it was laid out, upon filing and recording  in  the  town  clerk's   office,  with  such  application,  consent and order, a release from all   damages from the owners of lands taken or  affected  thereby,  when  the   consideration  for  such  release  is  agreed  upon  between  such  town   superintendent, with the approval of the town board, and  the  owner  or   owners.  An  order of the town superintendent, as herein provided, shall   be final and the town clerk shall forthwith cause each release  executed   by  each owner of land taken or affected by such order to be recorded in   the office of the clerk of the county wherein such lands are located.3. If a highway proposed to be constructed or improved  shall  deviate   from  the line of a highway already existing, the town board of the town   where such highway is located may acquire land for the  requisite  right   of  way.  The town board may, by resolution, authorize the supervisor to   purchase the lands to be acquired for the purposes herein specified,  at   an amount not to exceed that approved by the town board.4. The purchase price of such property shall be a town charge and may,   by  resolution  of  the  town board, be paid from any funds in such town   that may be legally used for such purposes.
NY Hwy L § 172 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 172 - Application.

§  172.  Application. Any person or corporation assessable for highway   taxes may make written application to the  town  superintendent  of  the   town  in  which  he  or  it  shall reside, or is assessable, to alter or   discontinue a highway, or to lay out a new highway.
NY Hwy L § 173 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 173 - Petition for Acquisition.

§  173.  Petition for acquisition. Whenever the town superintendent of   highways of any township shall determine that public necessity  requires   the  laying  out  of  a new or additional highway, and the land therefor   cannot be obtained by the dedication of the  owners  thereof,  or  if  a   highway  proposed  to  be constructed or improved shall deviate from the   line of the highway already existing and the town  board  be  unable  to   acquire  land by purchase for such requisite right of way as provided by   section one hundred and seventy-one of this chapter, he may apply to the   town board of his town for  permission  to  institute  a  proceeding  to   acquire  so  much  land  as  may  be  necessary  to  lay out such new or   additional highway, and when such consent shall have been given  by  the   town  board  of  such town, the said town superintendent of highways may   make application pursuant to the eminent domain procedure law to supreme   court in the  judicial  district  in  which  such  proposed  highway  is   situated,  to  obtain an order for permission to file an acquisition map   of the property to be acquired.
NY Hwy L § 177 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 177 - Damages in Certain Cases; How Estimated.

§  177.  Damages  in  certain cases; how estimated. The owner of lands   within the bounds of a highway discontinued may  enclose  the  same  and   have the exclusive use thereof, and the benefits resulting therefrom may   be  deducted  in the assessment of damages caused by the laying out of a   highway through his other lands in place of the discontinued highway.
NY Hwy L § 180 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 180 - Limitations Upon Laying Out Highways.

§ 180. Limitations upon laying out highways. No highways shall be laid   out less than three rods in width, nor through buildings or any fixtures   or  erections  for  the purpose of trade or manufactures, or any yard or   enclosure necessary to  the  use  and  enjoyment  thereof,  without  the   consent of the owner or owners thereof, unless so ordered by the supreme   court  in  the  judicial  district  in  which  the  proposed  highway is   situated; such order shall be  made  on  the  certificate  of  the  town   superintendent  of  the  town  or towns in which the proposed highway is   situated, showing that the public interests will be greatly promoted  by   the  laying  out  and opening of such highway; a copy of the certificate   with eight days' notice of the time and place of the hearing before  the   supreme  court shall be served on the owners of the land, or if they are   not residents of the county upon the occupants; the supreme  court  upon   such  certificates,  and  the  proofs and other proceedings therein, may   order the highway to be laid out and opened, if it  deems  it  necessary   and   proper.   Upon   confirmation  by  the  supreme  court,  the  town   superintendent shall then lay out and open  such  highway  as  in  other   cases.  The  provisions  of  this  section shall not apply to buildings,   fixtures, erections, yards or enclosures, made or placed  on  such  land   after  an  application  for the laying out and opening the highway shall   have been made. In case the highway to be laid out shall  constitute  an   extension  or continuation of a public highway already in use, and shall   not as to such new portion, exceed half  a  mile  in  length,  the  town   superintendent  may lay out such extension or continuation of a width of   less than three rods, provided, however, that it be not  less  than  the   widest  part of the highway of which it is an extension or continuation.   In such case the town superintendent shall specify  in  his  certificate   the  precise width of the new portion of such highway, and shall certify   that such width is as great at least as the widest part of  the  highway   of which it is a continuation or extension. No highway shall be laid out   which  shall  be identical or substantially so with a highway previously   discontinued or abandoned for public purposes within seven years of such   discontinuance or abandonment, nor where other land or property has been   conveyed to the town at the time of such discontinuance  or  abandonment   in counties adjoining cities with upward of one million inhabitants.
NY Hwy L § 181 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 181 - Laying Out Highways Through Burying-Grounds.

§ 181. Laying out highways through burying-grounds. No private road or   highway   shall   be  laid  out  or  constructed  upon  or  through  any   burying-ground, unless the remains therein contained are first carefully   removed, and properly reinterred in some other  burying-ground,  at  the   expense of the persons desiring such road or highway, and pursuant to an   order  of  the county court of the county in which the same is situated,   obtained upon notice to such persons as the court may direct.
NY Hwy L § 182 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 182 - Costs; by Whom Paid.

§  182. Costs; by whom paid. In all cases of assessments of damages by   supreme court, the costs thereof shall be  paid  by  the  town  thereof,   except that when reassessment of damages shall be had on the application   of  the party for whom the damages were assessed, and such damages shall   not be increased on such reassessment, the costs shall be  paid  by  the   party  applying for the reassessment; and when application shall be made   by two or more persons for the reassessment of damages, all persons  who   may be liable for costs under this section shall be liable in proportion   to  the amount of damages respectively assessed to the first assessment,   and may be recovered by action in favor of any person, entitled  to  the   same.
NY Hwy L § 184 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 184 - When Officers of Different Towns Disagree About Highway.

§  184. When officers of different towns disagree about highway.  When   the town superintendent of any town or officers of any village  or  city   having  the  powers  of  town superintendents shall differ with the town   superintendent or superintendents of any other town or with the officers   of such a village or city having the powers of town  superintendents  in   the same county, relating to the laying out of a new highway or altering   an  old  highway,  extending into both towns, or a town and a village or   city, or upon the boundary line between such towns or such  town  and  a   village  or  city, or when a town superintendent of a town in one county   shall differ with the town superintendent of a town or the officers of a   village or city having the powers of  town  superintendents  in  another   county,  relating to the laying out of a new highway, or the altering of   an old highway, which shall extend into both counties, or  be  upon  the   boundary  line  between  such counties, the town superintendents of both   towns or the officers of the village or city having  such  powers  shall   meet on five days' written notice, specifying the time and place, within   some one of such towns, villages or cities, given by either of such town   superintendents,  or  officers having powers of town superintendents, to   make  their  determination  in  writing,  upon  the  subject  of   their   differences.  If  they  cannot agree, they or either of them may certify   the fact of their disagreement to the  supreme  court  in  the  judicial   district  where all or part of the proposed highway is located; and upon   due notice to all persons  interested  view  the  proposed  highway,  or   proposed  alteration  of  a  highway, and take such evidence as it deems   proper, and shall decide all questions that shall arise on the  hearing,   as  to  the laying out or altering of such highway, its location, width,   grade and character of roadbed, or any point  that  may  arise  relating   thereto; if supreme court determines in favor of opening or altering any   highway  it  shall order that all proceedings thereto are in conformance   with the eminent domain procedure law.
NY Hwy L § 185 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 185 - Difference About Improvements.

§  185. Difference about improvements. When the town superintendent or   the  officers  of  a  village  or  city  having  the  powers   of   town   superintendents  therein,  shall desire to make a new or altered highway   extending beyond the bounds of such town,  village  or  city,  a  better   highway  than is usually made for a common highway, with a special grade   or roadbed, drainage or improved plan, and are willing to bear the whole   or a part of the expense thereof beyond such bounds, but cannot agree in   regard  to  the  same,  upon  written  application  of  either  of   the   superintendents  or  officers and notice to all parties interested, such   court shall make an equitable adjustment of the matters, and may  direct   that  in  consideration of the payment of such portion of the additional   expense by the town, village or  city  that  desires  the  improved  and   better  highway,  as  shall  be  equitable,  its  officers, contractors,   servants and agents may go into such town, village or city, and make the   grade and roadbed, and do whatever may be necessary and proper  for  the   completion  of  such  better  highway, advancing the money to do it; the   amount of damages to each owner or occupant  shall  be  ascertained  and   determined  by  the  supreme court in accordance with the eminent domain   procedure law, such court shall, on notice to  all  parties  interested,   direct  that  the  amount of damages assessed each owner or occupant, if   any and all such expenses be paid by each, any or  all  of  such  towns,   villages  or  cities as shall be just and equitable, and the damages and   expenses assessed and  allowed,  as  in  this  and  the  last  preceding   sections,  shall  be  paid  and  collected  as  if  fixed  by  the  town   superintendents of the towns, or the officers of such villages or cities   having the powers of such superintendents.
NY Hwy L § 186 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 186 - Highway in Two or More Towns.

§  186.  Highway in two or more towns. When application is made to lay   out, alter or discontinue a highway located in two or  more  towns,  all   notices   or   proceedings   required   to   be  served  upon  the  town   superintendents shall be served upon the  town  superintendent  of  each   town;  and the supreme court shall determine the amount of damages to be   paid by each town.
NY Hwy L § 188 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 188 - Final Determination, How Carried Out.

§  188.  Final determination, how carried out. The final determination   of the supreme court relating to laying out, altering or discontinuing a   highway, and all orders  and  other  papers  filed  or  entered  in  the   proceedings,  or  certified  copies  thereof  from  the court where such   determination,  order  and  papers  are  filed  and  entered,  shall  be   forthwith  filed  and  recorded  in  the town clerk's office of the town   where the highway is located; and every such decision shall  be  carried   out by the town superintendent of the town, the same as if they had made   an  order  to  that effect. The said town superintendent shall thereupon   proceed to  construct  the  highway  so  laid  out,  and  construct  any   alteration  so  provided  for,  and  put  the same in good condition for   public travel.  The expense of such construction of such new highway  or   alteration  of  an  existing highway, shall be a charge upon and against   the town in which such highway is constructed or any existing highway is   altered, and when same is completed the town board of such town shall at   the next annual meeting for auditing accounts, after such work is  done,   audit  such  claims  against  the  town, including interest, if any, and   include same in the annual tax budget to be collected from the taxpayers   of said town to pay said indebtedness; such money to be paid over to the   supervisor of the town and by him  paid  and  applied  to  the  purposes   aforesaid.  This  amendment is made subject to the provisions of section   one hundred and ninety-three, relating to contracts for construction.
NY Hwy L § 189 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 189 - Highways by Use.

§  189.  Highways  by use. All lands which shall have been used by the   public as a highway for the period of ten years  or  more,  shall  be  a   highway,  with the same force and effect as if it had been duly laid out   and recorded as a highway, and the town superintendent  shall  open  all   such highways to the width of at least three rods.
NY Hwy L § 190 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 190 - Fences to Be Removed.

§  190.  Fences to be removed. Whenever a highway shall have been laid   out through any inclosed, cultivated or improved lands, in conformity to   the provisions of this chapter, the town superintendent  shall  give  to   the  owner or occupant of the land through which such highway shall have   been laid, sixty days' notice in writing to remove his  fences;  and  if   such  owner  shall  not  remove  his  fences within sixty days, the town   superintendent shall cause them to be  removed,  and  shall  direct  the   highway to be opened and worked.
NY Hwy L § 191 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 191 - Highways or Roads Along Division Lines.

§  191.  Highways or roads along division lines. Whenever a highway or   private road shall be laid along the division line between lands of  two   or more persons, and wholly upon one side of the line, and the land upon   both  sides  is  cultivated or improved, the persons owning or occupying   the lands adjoining such highway or road shall be paid for building  and   maintaining  such  additional  fence as they may be required to build or   maintain, by reason of the laying out and opening such highway or  road;   which  damages  shall  be  ascertained and determined in the same manner   that other damages are ascertained and determined in the laying  out  of   highways or private roads.
NY Hwy L § 192 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 192 - Adjournments.

§  192.  Adjournments.  If  any  accident  shall  prevent  any  of the   proceedings required  by  this  chapter  relating  to  the  laying  out,   altering  or  discontinuing of a highway, or the laying out of a private   road, to be done on the day assigned, the proceedings may  be  adjourned   to  some  other day, and the town superintendent shall publicly announce   such adjournment.
NY Hwy L § 193 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 193 - Contracts for the Construction of Town Highways.

§ 193. Contracts for the construction of town highways. The town board   of  any  town  may  provide  that  the  construction of new highways and   bridges, or the permanent  improvement  or  reconstruction  of  existing   highways  and  bridges  or  repairing,  rebuilding or replacing walks on   highways less than two rods in  width  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of   sections  one  hundred  forty,  one  hundred  fifty-one  and two hundred   seventy-four of this chapter, the cost of which will exceed, the  amount   specified  for  public  work  in  subdivision one of section one hundred   three of the general municipal law shall be done  under  contracts.  All   such   contracts  shall  be  awarded  by  the  town  superintendent,  in   accordance  with  estimates,  plans  and  specifications   approved   or   furnished  by  the  department  of  transportation,  as provided in this   chapter, to the lowest responsible bidders, after advertisement pursuant   to section one hundred three of the general municipal law. All bids  for   such  work shall be opened in public and shall be filed in the office of   the town clerk.   The person to whom  such  contract  is  awarded  shall   execute  a  bond to the town, in a sum equal to at least one-half of the   amount of the contracts, with two or more sureties to be approved by the   town board, or in lieu thereof, a bond issued by  a  bonding  or  surety   company  approved by the town board, in a sum equal to at least one-half   of the  amount  of  the  contracts  and  conditioned  for  the  faithful   compliance   with   the  terms  of  the  contract,  and  the  plans  and   specifications and for payment of all damages which may  accrue  to  the   town,  because  of  a  violation  thereof.  When  such work is completed   pursuant to the terms of such contract, and the plans and specifications   therefor, and accepted  by  the  town  board,  as  being  in  accordance   therewith,  the cost of the work under the contract shall be paid out of   moneys available therefor, in the same manner as other highway expenses.   Payments made under such contract shall be upon certificates  issued  to   the  contractor  by the town superintendent, to the effect that the work   has been done under and in accordance with the terms of  such  contract,   and  the plans and specifications. All work done under any such contract   shall be under the supervision  of  the  town  superintendent,  or  some   person  designated  by  him.  The  town  superintendent  shall  file all   contracts awarded under this section with the town clerk within ten days   after their execution.
NY Hwy L § 197 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 197 - Damages for Change of Grade.

§  197.  Damages  for  change  of  grade.  In any town in which a town   highway shall be repaired, graded and macadamized from curb to  curb  by   the  authorities of the town the owner or owners of the land adjacent to   the said highway shall be entitled to recover from the town the  damages   resulting from any change of grade.  A person claiming damages from such   change  of  grade must present to the town board of such town a verified   claim therefor within sixty days after such change of grade is effected.   The board may agree with such owner upon the amount  of  damages  to  be   allowed  him.    If  no  agreement  be made within thirty days after the   presentation of the claim, the person presenting it  may  apply  to  the   supreme  court  to  determine  the compensation to which he is entitled.   Notice of the application must be served upon the supervisor of the town   at least ten days before the hearing thereof.  All proceedings shall  be   taken  in accordance with the provisions of the eminent domain procedure   law so far as applicable. Such town board,  shall,  in  determining  the   compensation,  consider the fair value of the work done, or necessary to   be done, in order to place the claimant's lands, or buildings, or  both,   in  the  same  relation to the changed grade as they stood to the former   grade, and make awards accordingly,  except  that  said  board  or  said   commissioners may make an allowance for benefits derived by the claimant   from  such  improvement. The amount agreed upon for such damages, or the   award therefor together with the costs, if any, allowed to the claimant,   shall be a charge against such town and the  supervisor  shall  pay  the   same out of funds made available therefor by the town.
NY Hwy L § 198 (2021)
2021 New York Laws HAY - Highway Article 8 - Town Highways 198 - Interest on Damages for Change of Grade.

§  198. Interest on damages for change of grade. Whenever awards shall   be lawfully made, pursuant to any statute of  this  state,  for  damages   sustained  by  real  estate or any improvements thereon by reason of any   change of grade of any street, avenue or  road  in  front  thereof,  the   award  for the principal amount of damages sustained shall bear interest   at the rate of six per centum per annum from the time of the  change  of   grade to the time of the payment of the award.