reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 45-37A-331.13 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 1 - Red Light Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.13 - Civil Action Against Person Operating Vehicle.

Section 45-37A-331.13Civil action against person operating vehicle. Any person against whom an adjudication of liability for a civil violation is made under this part, or the ordinance passed pursuant hereto, and who actually pays the civil fine imposed thereby shall have a cause of action against any person who may be shown to have been operating the vehicle recorded at the time of the violation for the amount of the civil fine actually paid plus any consequential or compensatory damages and a reasonable attorney fee, without regard to the rules regarding joint and several liability, contribution, or indemnity. Provided, however, that as a condition precedent to the bringing of a civil action, that the person held responsible for payment of the civil fine shall first make written demand on the other person for reimbursement of the civil fine, giving a minimum of 60 days to remit payment, and if reimbursement is fully made within the 60-day period then the cause of action shall be extinguished and no attorney fees or other damages shall attach to the reimbursement. Any cause of action brought pursuant to this section shall be commenced within two years from the date of the payment of the civil fine for a red light violation. (Act 2011-569, p. 1153, §14.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.30 - Short Title.

Section 45-37A-331.30Short title. (a) This subpart shall be known and may be cited as the "Midfield Speed Limit Safety Act." (b) The City of Midfield, Alabama, by municipal ordinance, may adopt the procedures set out in this subpart. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §1.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.31 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.31 - Legislative Findings.

Section 45-37A-331.31Legislative findings. The Legislature finds and declares the following: (1) Accident data establishes that speeding vehicles have been and are a dangerous problem in Midfield, Alabama. (2) Studies have found that automated speeding enforcement in a municipal area is a highly accurate method for detecting speeding violations and is very effective in reducing the number of speeding violations and decreasing the number of traffic accidents, deaths, and injuries. (3) Current Alabama law provides that speeding is a criminal misdemeanor. Under Alabama law, one who commits such a misdemeanor is subject to prosecution only if the misdemeanor was witnessed by either a duly empowered police officer or other witness who makes a verified complaint to a sworn magistrate. (4) Many jurisdictions that have adopted laws that allow the use of automated speeding enforcement have experienced a significant reduction in the instances of speeding, and the Legislature finds that it should adopt legislation that would authorize the City of Midfield to implement a program for automated speeding enforcement of speeding violations. (5) By allowing a program for the use of automated traffic cameras in speeding enforcement by the City of Midfield, the Legislature hopes to decrease the rate of speeding violations. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §2.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.33 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.33 - Automated Photographic Speeding Enforcement System Authorized.

Section 45-37A-331.33Automated photographic speeding enforcement system authorized. (a) The City of Midfield is empowered to utilize an automated photographic speeding enforcement system to detect and record speeding violations, to issue notices of civil violations by mail, and to prosecute civil violations for the recorded speeding violations which may occur within the corporate limits of the City of Midfield as provided in this subpart. A civil fine assessed under this subpart shall not exceed one hundred dollars ($100), and municipal court costs may be assessed in the same manner and in the same amounts prescribed for municipal criminal speeding violations prosecuted as a misdemeanor. An additional fee of ten dollars ($10) shall be added to the Midfield Municipal Court costs authorized to be collected in connection with notices issued under this subpart. Court costs collected pursuant to this subpart shall be distributed in the same manner as prescribed by law for the distribution of municipal court costs for misdemeanor violations. The additional ten dollars ($10) authorized by this subpart shall be paid to the Alabama Criminal Justice Information Center as compensation for record keeping with respect to speeding violation notices issued pursuant to this subpart. (b) If an ordinance is adopted for automated speeding enforcement, the City of Midfield shall cause a sign to be posted at each of a minimum of 10 roadway entry points to the city to provide motorists with notice that automated photographic speeding enforcement systems are in use. The sign shall comply with this requirement if it states substantially the following: ‘‘AUTOMATED CAMERAS USED IN SPEEDING ENFORCEMENT,’’ or if it otherwise gives sufficient notice. (c) Prior to operating such an enforcement system, the City of Midfield shall make a public announcement and conduct a public awareness campaign of the use of an automated photographic speeding enforcement system a minimum of 30 days before using the devices. The City of Midfield may place photographic speeding enforcement systems at locations without public notice of the specific location, may change locations without public notice, and may install and move as needed decoy devices designed to resemble photographic speeding enforcement systems. (d) The city shall post signs warning of the use of an automated photographic device for speeding enforcement within 60 yards of every speed detection device used. Each sign shall be placed at least five feet from the edge of the road or street and shall be placed not lower than two feet and not higher than eight feet. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §4.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.34 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.34 - Notice of Violation; Civil Penalty.

Section 45-37A-331.34Notice of violation; civil penalty. (a) Prior to imposing a civil penalty pursuant to this subpart, the City of Midfield shall first mail a notice of violation by certified United States mail, return receipt requested, to the owner of the motor vehicle which is recorded by the automated photographic speeding enforcement system that committed a speeding violation. The notice shall be sent not later than the 30th day after the date the speeding violation is recorded to the following: (1) The owner’s address as shown on the registration records of the Alabama Department of Revenue. (2) If the vehicle is registered in another state or country, to the owner’s address as shown on the motor vehicle registration records of the department or agency of the other state or country analogous to the Alabama Department of Revenue. (b) A notice of violation issued under this subpart shall contain the following: (1) Description of the speeding violation alleged. (2) The date, time, and location of the violation. (3) A copy of recorded images of the vehicle involved in the violation. (4) The amount of the civil penalty to be imposed for the violation. (5) The date by which the civil penalty must be paid. (6) A statement that the person named in the notice of violation may pay the civil penalty in lieu of appearing at an administrative adjudication hearing. (7) Information that informs the person named in the notice of violation of the following: a. The right to contest the imposition of the civil penalty in an administrative adjudication. b. The manner and time in which to contest the imposition of the civil penalty. c. That failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability is an admission of liability. (8) A statement that a recorded image is evidence in a proceeding imposition of a civil penalty. (9) A statement that failure to pay the civil penalty within the time allowed shall result in the imposition of a late penalty not exceeding twentyfive dollars ($25). (10) Any other information deemed necessary by the city. (c) A notice of violation under this subpart is presumed to have been received on the 10th day after the date the notice of violation is placed in the United States mail. (d) The civil penalty imposed shall be paid within 30 days of the 10th day after the date the notice of violation is mailed. (e) It shall be within the discretion of the trained technician to determine which of the recorded speeding violations are prosecuted based upon the quality and legibility of the recorded image. In lieu of issuing a notice of violation, the city may mail a warning notice to the owner during the initial warning period. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §5.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.36 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.36 - Order of Court; Appeal.

Section 45-37A-331.36Order of court; appeal. (a) Following an adjudicative hearing, the municipal court judge shall issue an order stating the following: (1) Whether the person charged with the civil violation is liable for the violation and, if so, (2) The amount of the civil fine assessed against the person, along with the fees and costs of court provided for herein. (b) The orders issued under this section may be filed in the office of the Judge of Probate of Jefferson County, Alabama, and shall operate as a judicial lien in the same manner and with the same weight and effect as any other civil judgment filed therein. (c) A person who is found liable after an adjudicative hearing may appeal that finding of civil liability to the Circuit Court of Jefferson County, Alabama, by filing a notice of appeal with the clerk of the municipal court. The notice of appeal must be filed not later than the 14th day after the date on which the municipal court judge entered the finding of civil liability. The filing of a notice of appeal shall stay the enforcement of the civil fine penalty. An appeal shall be determined by the circuit court by trial de novo. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §7.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.37 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.37 - Appellate Procedures.

Section 45-37A-331.37Appellate procedures. (a) The circuit court hearing an appeal shall use the procedures that apply to criminal convictions in municipal court with the following qualifications: (1) The proceedings shall retain their civil nature on appeal with the circuit court applying the preponderance of the evidence standard. (2) If the person is adjudicated by the circuit court to be responsible for payment of the civil fine, circuit court costs shall be owed by the person adjudicated responsible, with 100 percent of those court costs retained by the circuit court. Court costs in the circuit court shall be calculated as are court costs for criminal appeals from the municipal court, and in the event the circuit court finds the person appealing not to be responsible, no municipal court costs shall be owed to the city. (3) Regardless of the civil nature of the proceedings, the circuit court, in its discretion and for its administrative convenience, may assign case numbers as for criminal appeals and place the appeals on criminal dockets in the same manner as criminal appeals from municipal court. (4) The circuit court shall sit as trier of both fact and law in the civil proceedings in the circuit court. (5) The city shall be responsible for providing an attorney to represent the city and to prosecute the civil proceedings in the circuit court. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §8.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.38 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.38 - Identity of Owner or Vehicle.

Section 45-37A-331.38Identity of owner or vehicle. In the event the evidence produced by an automated photographic speeding enforcement system does not produce an image of the license plate with sufficient clarity for a trained technician to determine the identity of the owner, and if the identity cannot otherwise be reliably established, then no notice of violation may be issued pursuant to this subpart. If, however, a notice of violation is issued, to the degree constitutionally allowed, those issues related to the identity of the vehicle or its owner shall affect the weight to be accorded the evidence and shall not affect its admissibility. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §9.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.39 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.39 - Fees; Records of Adjudication of Civil Violation.

Section 45-37A-331.39Fees; records of adjudication of civil violation. The city may provide by ordinance that a late fee not exceeding twenty-five dollars ($25) shall attach to untimely paid civil fines that are authorized in this subpart. No person may be arrested or incarcerated for nonpayment of a civil fine or late fee. No record of an adjudication of civil violation made under this subpart shall be listed, entered, or reported on any criminal record or driving record, whether the record is maintained by the city or an outside agency. An adjudication of civil violation provided for in this subpart shall not be considered a conviction for any purpose, shall not be used to increase or enhance punishment for any subsequent offense of a criminal nature, shall not be considered a moving violation, and shall not be used by any insurance company to determine or affect premiums or rates unless an accident occurred due to the violation. The fact that a person is held liable or responsible for a civil fine for a speeding violation shall not be used as evidence that the person was guilty of negligence or other culpable conduct, and any evidence generated by an automated photographic speeding enforcement system may only be used as evidence in other proceedings if it is or becomes admissible under the rules of evidence applicable therein. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §10.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.40 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.40 - Recordkeeping.

Section 45-37A-331.40Recordkeeping. The city shall keep statistical data regarding the effectiveness of automated photographic speeding enforcement systems in reducing speeding violations and collisions and shall communicate the data on an annual basis to the Alabama Department of Transportation and the Alabama Criminal Justice Information Center. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §11.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.41 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.41 - Violations of State Statutes.

Section 45-37A-331.41Violations of state statutes. No civil penalty may be imposed and no adjudication of liability for a civil violation may be made under this subpart if the operator of the vehicle was arrested or was issued a citation and notice to appear by a sworn police officer for a criminal violation of any portion of Title 32, Chapter 5A, Article 8, including, but not limited to, Sections 32-5A-170 to 32-5A-178, inclusive, or any other municipal ordinance which embraces and incorporates the statutes contained in that article, and which occurred simultaneously with and under the same set of circumstances which were recorded by the automated photographic speeding enforcement system. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §12.)
AL Code § 45-37A-331.42 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 37A - Jefferson County Municipalities.|Article 33 - Midfield.|Part 2 - Traffic.|Part 2 - Speed Limit Safety.|Section 45-37A-331.42 - Reimbursement of Civil Fine; Civil Action Against Person Operating Vehicle.

Section 45-37A-331.42Reimbursement of civil fine; civil action against person operating vehicle. Any person against whom an adjudication of liability for a civil violation is made pursuant to this subpart, or an ordinance passed pursuant hereto, and who actually pays the civil fine imposed thereby shall have a cause of action against any person who may be shown to have been operating the vehicle recorded at the time of the violation for the amount of the civil fine actually paid plus any consequential or compensatory damages and a reasonable attorney fee, without regard to the rules regarding joint and several liability, contribution, or indemnity. Provided, however, that as a condition precedent to the bringing of a civil action, that the person held responsible for payment of the civil fine must first make written demand on the other person for reimbursement of the civil fine, giving a minimum of 60 days to remit payment, and if reimbursement is fully made within the 60-day period then the cause of action shall be extinguished and no attorney fees or other damages shall attach to the reimbursement. Any cause of action brought pursuant to this section must be commenced within two years from the date of the payment of the civil fine for a speeding violation. (Act 2014-426, p. 1563, §13.)
AL Code § 45-38-81 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 38 - Lamar County.|Article 8 - Courts.|Part 2 - Probate Court.|Division 1 - Compensation.|Section 45-38-81 - Compensation of Judge of Probate.

Section 45-38-81Compensation of Judge of Probate. (a) The Judge of Probate of Lamar County shall receive as his or her compensation an amount equal to 90 percent of the total amount paid the presiding circuit judge of the Twenty-fourth Judicial Circuit. The compensation shall be paid out of the General Fund of Lamar County. (b) All fees and monies received by the judge of probate or his or her office shall be deposited into the county general fund. (c) This section shall become effective with the term of office of the Judge of Probate of Lamar County, Alabama, next following May 13, 1988. (Act 88-609, p. 951, §§1, 2, 5.)
AL Code § 45-38-81.20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 38 - Lamar County.|Article 8 - Courts.|Part 2 - Probate Court.|Division 2 - Employees.|Section 45-38-81.20 - Clerks; Salaries.

Section 45-38-81.20Clerks; salaries. (a) The offices of probate judge, tax assessor, and tax collector in Lamar County are each hereby authorized to hire a chief clerk. The chief clerks' salaries shall be fixed by the Lamar County Commission and paid from the general fund of the county. (b) The office of probate judge, provided sufficient funds are available, may employ additional clerks as deemed necessary and approved by the Lamar County Commission. The salaries of the clerks shall be fixed by the Lamar County Commission. (c) The office of tax assessor, provided sufficient funds are available, may employ additional clerks as deemed necessary and approved by the Lamar County Commission. The salaries of the clerks shall be fixed by the Lamar County Commission. (d) The office of tax collector, provided sufficient funds are available, may employ additional clerks as deemed necessary and approved by the Lamar County Commission. The salaries of the clerks shall be fixed by the Lamar County Commission. (Act 79-258, p. 398, §§1-4.)
AL Code § 45-38-81.40 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 38 - Lamar County.|Article 8 - Courts.|Part 2 - Probate Court.|Division 3 - Indexing System.|Section 45-38-81.40 - Purpose.

Section 45-38-81.40Purpose. This subpart shall only apply in Lamar County. The purpose of this subpart is to facilitate the use of public records in property transactions in Lamar County by providing for the installation of an improved system of indexing and recording of instruments and documents affecting the title to real and personal property that are recorded in the office of the judge of probate and for the indexing and recording of other instruments, documents, and other use in the discretion of the judge of probate. (Act 93-491, p. 785, §1.)
AL Code § 45-38-81.41 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 45 - Local Laws.|Chapter 38 - Lamar County.|Article 8 - Courts.|Part 2 - Probate Court.|Division 3 - Indexing System.|Section 45-38-81.41 - Definitions.

Section 45-38-81.41Definitions. The following words and phrases, including the plural of any thereof, whenever used in this subpart, shall have the following respective meanings: (1) GENERAL PROPERTY INSTRUMENT. A real property instrument that affects the title to personal property as well as real property. (2) IMPROVED INDEXING AND RECORDING SYSTEM. A system of indexing and recording real property instruments and personal property instruments in the probate office and, in the discretion of the judge of probate, of indexing and recording other instruments and documents, which system when completed, shall consist of equipment necessary and suitable to prepare and index records. (3) PERSONAL PROPERTY INSTRUMENT. Any instrument or document affecting the title to personal property only as distinguished from real property, that may be now or hereafter titled for record in the probate office, in accordance with the applicable requirements of the law of this state, including and particularly Sections 34-4-50 and 35-4-90. (4) REAL PROPERTY INSTRUMENT. Includes any instruments or documents affecting the title to real property that may now or hereafter be filed for record in the probate office pursuant to the applicable requirements of the laws of this state, including, but not limited to, Section 12-13-43, and all statutes providing for the filing and recording of notices or statements of liens of any kind, notices of judgements, and plats or maps showing subdivisions of real estate. (Act 93-491, p. 785, §2.)