reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Civ Code art. 1817 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1817. Effects of divisible obligation among successors

A divisible obligation must be divided among successors of the obligor or of the obligee. Each successor of the obligor is liable only for his share of a divisible obligation. Each successor of the obligee is entitled only to his share of a divisible obligation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1818 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1818. Effects of indivisible obligations between more than one obligor or obligee

An indivisible obligation with more than one obligor or obligee is subject to the rules governing solidary obligations. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1819 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1819. Effect of indivisible obligation among successors

An indivisible obligation may not be divided among the successors of the obligor or of the obligee, who are thus subject to the rules governing solidary obligors or solidary obligees. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1820 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1820. Solidarity is not indivisibility

A stipulation of solidarity does not make an obligation indivisible. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1821 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1821. Assumption by agreement between obligor and third person

An obligor and a third person may agree to an assumption by the latter of an obligation of the former. To be enforceable by the obligee against the third person, the agreement must be made in writing. The obligee's consent to the agreement does not effect a release of the obligor. The unreleased obligor remains solidarily bound with the third person. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1822 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1822. Third person bound for amount assumed

A person who, by agreement with the obligor, assumes the obligation of the latter is bound only to the extent of his assumption. The assuming obligor may raise any defense based on the contract by which the assumption was made. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1823 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1823. Assumption by agreement between obligee and third person

An obligee and a third person may agree on an assumption by the latter of an obligation owed by another to the former. That agreement must be made in writing. That agreement does not effect a release of the original obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1824 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1824. Defenses

A person who, by agreement with the obligee, has assumed another's obligation may not raise against the obligee any defense based on the relationship between the assuming obligor and the original obligor. The assuming obligor may raise any defense based on the relationship between the original obligor and obligee. He may not invoke compensation based on an obligation owed by the obligee to the original obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1825 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1825. Definition

Subrogation is the substitution of one person to the rights of another. It may be conventional or legal. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1826 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1826. Effects

A. When subrogation results from a person's performance of the obligation of another, that obligation subsists in favor of the person who performed it who may avail himself of the action and security of the original obligee against the obligor, but is extinguished for the original obligee. B. An original obligee who has been paid only in part may exercise his right for the balance of the debt in preference to the new obligee. This right shall not be waived or altered if the original obligation arose from injuries sustained or loss occasioned by the original obligee as a result of the negligence or intentional conduct of the original obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2001, No. 305, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 1827 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1827. Conventional subrogation by the obligee

An obligee who receives performance from a third person may subrogate that person to the rights of the obligee, even without the obligor's consent. That subrogation is subject to the rules governing the assignment of rights. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1828 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1828. Conventional subrogation by the obligor

An obligor who pays a debt with money or other fungible things borrowed for that purpose may subrogate the lender to the rights of the obligee, even without the obligee's consent. The agreement for subrogation must be made in writing expressing that the purpose of the loan is to pay the debt. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1829 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1829. Subrogation by operation of law

Subrogation takes place by operation of law: (1) In favor of an obligee who pays another obligee whose right is preferred to his because of a privilege, pledge, mortgage, or security interest; (2) In favor of a purchaser of movable or immovable property who uses the purchase money to pay creditors holding any privilege, pledge, mortgage, or security interest on the property; (3) In favor of an obligor who pays a debt he owes with others or for others and who has recourse against those others as a result of the payment; (4) In favor of a successor who pays estate debts with his own funds; and (5) In the other cases provided by law. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 1989, No. 137, §16, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 2001, No. 572, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 1830 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1830. Effects of legal subrogation

When subrogation takes place by operation of law, the new obligee may recover from the obligor only to the extent of the performance rendered to the original obligee. The new obligee may not recover more by invoking conventional subrogation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1831 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1831. Party must prove obligation

A party who demands performance of an obligation must prove the existence of the obligation. A party who asserts that an obligation is null, or that it has been modified or extinguished, must prove the facts or acts giving rise to the nullity, modification, or extinction. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1832 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1832. Written form required by law

When the law requires a contract to be in written form, the contract may not be proved by testimony or by presumption, unless the written instrument has been destroyed, lost, or stolen. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1833 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1833. Authentic act

A. An authentic act is a writing executed before a notary public or other officer authorized to perform that function, in the presence of two witnesses, and signed by each party who executed it, by each witness, and by each notary public before whom it was executed. The typed or hand-printed name of each person shall be placed in a legible form immediately beneath the signature of each person signing the act. B. To be an authentic act, the writing need not be executed at one time or place, or before the same notary public or in the presence of the same witnesses, provided that each party who executes it does so before a notary public or other officer authorized to perform that function, and in the presence of two witnesses and each party, each witness, and each notary public signs it. The failure to include the typed or hand-printed name of each person signing the act shall not affect the validity or authenticity of the act. C. If a party is unable or does not know how to sign his name, the notary public must cause him to affix his mark to the writing. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2003, No. 965, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 2005.
LA Civ Code art. 1834 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1834. Act that fails to be authentic

An act that fails to be authentic because of the lack of competence or capacity of the notary public, or because of a defect of form, may still be valid as an act under private signature. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1835 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1835. Authentic act constitutes full proof between parties and heirs

An authentic act constitutes full proof of the agreement it contains, as against the parties, their heirs, and successors by universal or particular title. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1836 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1836. Act under private signature duly acknowledged

An act under private signature is regarded prima facie as the true and genuine act of a party executing it when his signature has been acknowledged, and the act shall be admitted in evidence without further proof. An act under private signature may be acknowledged by a party to that act by recognizing the signature as his own before a court, or before a notary public, or other officer authorized to perform that function, in the presence of two witnesses. An act under private signature may be acknowledged also in any other manner authorized by law. Nevertheless, an act under private signature, though acknowledged, cannot substitute for an authentic act when the law prescribes such an act. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1837 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1837. Act under private signature

An act under private signature need not be written by the parties, but must be signed by them. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1838 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1838. Party must acknowledge or deny signature

A party against whom an act under private signature is asserted must acknowledge his signature or deny that it is his. In case of denial, any means of proof may be used to establish that the signature belongs to that party. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1839 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1839. Transfer of immovable property

A transfer of immovable property must be made by authentic act or by act under private signature. Nevertheless, an oral transfer is valid between the parties when the property has been actually delivered and the transferor recognizes the transfer when interrogated on oath. An instrument involving immovable property shall have effect against third persons only from the time it is filed for registry in the parish where the property is located. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1840 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1840. Copy of authentic act

When certified by the notary public or other officer before whom the act was passed, a copy of an authentic act constitutes proof of the contents of the original, unless the copy is proved to be incorrect. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1841 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1841. Copy of recorded writing

When an authentic act or an acknowledged act under private signature has been filed for registry with a public officer, a copy of the act thus filed, when certified by that officer, constitutes proof of the contents of the original. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1842 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1842. Confirmation

Confirmation is a declaration whereby a person cures the relative nullity of an obligation. An express act of confirmation must contain or identify the substance of the obligation and evidence the intention to cure its relative nullity. Tacit confirmation may result from voluntary performance of the obligation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1843 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1843. Ratification

Ratification is a declaration whereby a person gives his consent to an obligation incurred on his behalf by another without authority. An express act of ratification must evidence the intention to be bound by the ratified obligation. Tacit ratification results when a person, with knowledge of an obligation incurred on his behalf by another, accepts the benefit of that obligation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1844 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1844. Effects of confirmation and ratification

The effects of confirmation and ratification are retroactive to the date of the confirmed or ratified obligation. Neither confirmation nor ratification may impair the rights of third persons. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1845 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1845. Confirmation of donation

A donation inter vivos that is null for lack of proper form may be confirmed by the donor but the confirmation must be made in the form required for a donation. The universal successor of the donor may, after his death, expressly or tacitly confirm such a donation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1846 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1846. Contract not in excess of five hundred dollars

When a writing is not required by law, a contract not reduced to writing, for a price or, in the absence of a price, for a value not in excess of five hundred dollars may be proved by competent evidence. If the price or value is in excess of five hundred dollars, the contract must be proved by at least one witness and other corroborating circumstances. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1847 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1847. Debt of a third person and debt extinguished by prescription

Parol evidence is inadmissible to establish either a promise to pay the debt of a third person or a promise to pay a debt extinguished by prescription. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1848 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1848. Testimonial or other evidence not admitted to disprove a writing

Testimonial or other evidence may not be admitted to negate or vary the contents of an authentic act or an act under private signature. Nevertheless, in the interest of justice, that evidence may be admitted to prove such circumstances as a vice of consent or to prove that the written act was modified by a subsequent and valid oral agreement. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2012, No. 277, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 1849 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1849. Proof of simulation

In all cases, testimonial or other evidence may be admitted to prove the existence or a presumption of a simulation or to rebut such a presumption. Nevertheless, between the parties, a counterletter is required to prove that an act purporting to transfer immovable property is an absolute simulation, except when a simulation is presumed or as necessary to protect the rights of forced heirs. Acts 2012, No. 277, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 1850 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1850.

§1850. Repealed by Acts 1997, No. 577, §3.
LA Civ Code art. 1851 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1851.

§1851. Repealed by Acts 1997, No. 577, §3.
LA Civ Code art. 1852 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1852.

§1852. Repealed by Acts 1997, No. 577, §3.
LA Civ Code art. 1853 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1853. Judicial confession

A judicial confession is a declaration made by a party in a judicial proceeding. That confession constitutes full proof against the party who made it. A judicial confession is indivisible and it may be revoked only on the ground of error of fact. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1854 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1854. Extinction by performance

Performance by the obligor extinguishes the obligation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1855 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1855. Performance by a third person

Performance may be rendered by a third person, even against the will of the obligee, unless the obligor or the obligee has an interest in performance only by the obligor. Performance rendered by a third person effects subrogation only when so provided by law or by agreement. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1856 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1856. Valid transfer of object of performance

An obligation that may be extinguished by the transfer of a thing is not extinguished unless the thing has been validly transferred to the obligee of performance. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1857 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1857. Performance rendered to the obligee

Performance must be rendered to the obligee or to a person authorized by him. However, a performance rendered to an unauthorized person is valid if the obligee ratifies it. In the absence of ratification, a performance rendered to an unauthorized person is valid if the obligee has derived a benefit from it, but only for the amount of the benefit. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1858 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1858. Lack of capacity of obligee

Performance rendered to an obligee without capacity to receive it is valid to the extent of the benefit he derived from it. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1859 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1859. Performance in violation of seizure

A performance rendered to an obligee in violation of a seizure is not valid against the seizing creditor who, according to his right, may force the obligor to perform again. In that case, the obligor may recover the first performance from the obligee. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1860 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1860. Quality of thing to be given

When the performance consists of giving a thing that is determined as to its kind only, the obligor need not give one of the best quality but he may not tender one of the worst. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1861 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1861. Partial performance

An obligee may refuse to accept a partial performance. Nevertheless, if the amount of an obligation to pay money is disputed in part and the obligor is willing to pay the undisputed part, the obligee may not refuse to accept that part. If the obligee is willing to accept the undisputed part, the obligor must pay it. In either case, the obligee preserves his right to claim the disputed part. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1862 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1862. Place of performance

Performance shall be rendered in the place either stipulated in the agreement or intended by the parties according to usage, the nature of the performance, or other circumstances. In the absence of agreement or other indication of the parties' intent, performance of an obligation to give an individually determined thing shall be rendered at the place the thing was when the obligation arose. If the obligation is of any other kind, the performance shall be rendered at the domicile of the obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1863 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1863. Expenses

Expenses that may be required to render performance shall be borne by the obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1864 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1864. Imputation by obligor

An obligor who owes several debts to an obligee has the right to impute payment to the debt he intends to pay. The obligor's intent to pay a certain debt may be expressed at the time of payment or may be inferred from circumstances known to the obligee. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1865 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1865. Imputation to debt not yet due

An obligor may not, without the obligee's consent, impute payment to a debt not yet due. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1866 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1866. Payment imputed to interest

An obligor of a debt that bears interest may not, without the obligee's consent, impute a payment to principal when interest is due. A payment made on principal and interest must be imputed first to interest. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1867 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1867. Imputation by obligee

An obligor who has accepted a receipt that imputes payment to one of his debts may no longer demand imputation to another debt, unless the obligee has acted in bad faith. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1868 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1868. Imputation not made by the parties

When the parties have made no imputation, payment must be imputed to the debt that is already due. If several debts are due, payment must be imputed to the debt that bears interest. If all, or none, of the debts that are due bear interest, payment must be imputed to the debt that is secured. If several unsecured debts bear interest, payment must be imputed to the debt that, because of the rate of interest, is most burdensome to the obligor. If several secured debts bear no interest, payment must be imputed to the debt that, because of the nature of the security, is most burdensome to the obligor. If the obligor had the same interest in paying all debts, payment must be imputed to the debt that became due first. If all debts are of the same nature and became due at the same time, payment must be proportionally imputed to all. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1869 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1869. Offer to perform and deposit by obligor

When the object of the performance is the delivery of a thing or a sum of money and the obligee, without justification, fails to accept the performance tendered by the obligor, the tender, followed by deposit to the order of the court, produces all the effects of a performance from the time the tender was made if declared valid by the court. A valid tender is an offer to perform according to the nature of the obligation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1870 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1870. Notice as tender

If the obligor knows or has reason to know that the obligee will refuse the performance, or when the object of the performance is the delivery of a thing or a sum of money at a place other than the obligee's domicile, a notice given to the obligee that the obligor is ready to perform has the same effect as a tender. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1871 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1871. Deposit of things by obligor

After the tender has been refused, the obligor may deposit the thing or the sum of money to the order of the court in a place designated by the court for that purpose, and may demand judgment declaring the performance valid. If the deposit is accepted by the obligee, or if the court declares the performance valid, all expenses of the deposit must be borne by the obligee. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 1872 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 1872. Sale of a thing and deposit of proceeds

If performance consists of the delivery of a perishable thing, or of a thing whose deposit and custody are excessively costly in proportion to its value, the court may order the sale of the thing under the conditions that it may direct, and the deposit of the proceeds. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.