reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 611 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 611 - Qualification of Voters; Fixing Record Date to Determine Eligibility to Vote; Voting Entitlement.

§ 611. Qualification   of   voters;  fixing  record  date  to  determine          eligibility to vote; voting entitlement.  (a) The by-laws may provide or, in the absence of such provision,  the board  may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for the purpose of determining the members entitled to notice of any meeting of members  or any  adjournment  thereof. Such record date shall not be more than fifty nor less than ten days before the date of the meeting.  (b) Any member in  good  standing,  otherwise  eligible  to  vote,  is entitled  to  vote  at  any  meeting  of  members,  except  that, if the certificate of incorporation or the by-laws so provide, the by-laws  may provide  or,  in the absence of such provision, the board may fix a date as the record date for the purpose of determining the  members  entitled to  vote  at  any  meeting  of members or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to or dissent from any proposal without  a  meeting,  or for   the  purpose  of  determining  members  entitled  to  receive  any distribution or the allotment of any rights, or for the purpose  of  any other  action  by  the  members. Such record date shall not be more than fifty nor less than ten days before the date of the meeting.  (c) If the certificate of incorporation or the by-laws provide  for  a record  date,  as  authorized  by  paragraph  (b), and no record date is fixed:  (1) The record date for the determination of members entitled to  vote at  a  meeting  of  members shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or,  if  no  notice  is given, the day on which the meeting is held.  (2) The record date for determining members for any purpose other than that  specified in subparagraph (1) shall be at the close of business on the day on which  the  resolution  of  the  board  relating  thereto  is adopted.  (d) When a determination of members of record entitled to notice of or to  vote  at  any  meeting  of members has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall  apply  to  any  adjournment  thereof, unless  the  board  fixes  a  new record date under this section for the adjourned meeting.  (e) In any case in which a member is entitled to vote, he  shall  have no  more than, nor less than, one vote; except that if a corporation has an organization as a member, the certificate of incorporation or by-laws may  provide  that  such  organization  shall  be  entitled   to   votes substantially proportionate to its membership.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 612 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 612 - Limitations on Right to Vote.

§ 612. Limitations on right to vote.The  certificate  of  incorporation or the by-laws may provide, either   absolutely or contingently, that the members of any class shall  not  be   entitled  to  vote,  or  it  may limit or define the matters on, and the   circumstances in, which a member or a class of members shall be entitled   to vote, and,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  chapter,  such   provisions  of  the  certificate  of  incorporation or the by-laws shall   prevail,  according  to  their  tenor,  in  all  elections  and  in  all   proceedings,  over  the  provisions  of this chapter which authorize any   action by the members, but no such denial, limitation or  definition  of   voting  rights shall be effective unless at the time one or more classes   of members, singly or in the aggregate,  are  entitled  to  full  voting   rights.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 613 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 613 - Vote of Members.

§ 613. Vote of members.  (a) Except as otherwise required by this chapter or by the certificate of  incorporation or the by-laws as permitted by this chapter, directors shall be elected by a plurality of  the  votes  cast  at  a  meeting  of members by the members entitled to vote in the election.  (b)  Whenever  any  corporate  action,  other  than  the  election  of directors, is to be taken under this chapter by vote of the members,  it shall,   except  as  otherwise  required  by  this  chapter  or  by  the certificate of incorporation or by by-laws as permitted by this chapter, be authorized by a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of members by the members entitled to vote thereon.  (c) Except as provided in paragraph (b), any reference in this chapter to corporate action at a  meeting  of  members  by  "majority  vote"  or "two-thirds  vote"  shall  require  the  action  to  be  taken  by  such proportion of  the  votes  cast  at  such  meeting,  provided  that  the affirmative  votes  cast  in  favor of any such action shall be at least equal to the quorum. Blank votes or abstentions shall not be counted  in the number of votes cast.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 614 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 614 - Action by Members Without a Meeting.

§ 614. Action by members without a meeting.  (a) Whenever, under this chapter, members are required or permitted to take any action by vote, such action may be taken without a meeting upon the  consent  of  all  of  the  members  entitled to vote thereon, which consent shall set forth the action so taken. Such consent may be written or electronic. If written, the consent must be executed by the member or the member's authorized officer, director, employee or agent by  signing such  consent  or  causing  his  or  her signature to be affixed to such consent by any reasonable means including but not limited  to  facsimile signature.  If  electronic, the transmission of the consent must be sent by electronic mail and set forth, or be submitted with, information from which  it  can  reasonably  be  determined  that  the  transmission  was authorized by the member. This paragraph shall not be construed to alter or   modify   any  provision  in  a  certificate  of  incorporation  not inconsistent with this chapter under which the written consent  of  less than all of the members is sufficient for corporate action.  (b)  Written  or electronic consent thus given by all members entitled to vote shall have the same effect as a unanimous vote  of  members  and any  certificate with respect to the authorization or taking of any such action which is delivered to the department of state shall  recite  that the authorization was by unanimous written consent.  (c)  When  there are no members of record, such action may be taken on the written consent signed by a majority in interest of the  subscribers for capital certificates whose subscriptions have been accepted or their successors  in interest or, if no subscription has been accepted, on the written consent  signed  by  the  incorporator  or  a  majority  of  the incorporators.  When there are two or more incorporators, if any dies or is for any reason unable to act, the other or others may act.  If  there is  no incorporator able to act, any person for whom an incorporator was acting as agent may act in his or her stead, or  if  such  other  person also  dies  or  is  for  any  reason  unable  to  act,  his or her legal representative may act.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 615 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 615 - Greater Requirement as to Quorum and Vote of Members.

§ 615. Greater requirement as to quorum and vote of members.  (a)  The  certificate  of  incorporation  or  a  by-law adopted by the members  may  contain  provisions  specifying  either  or  both  of  the following:  (1)  That  the proportion of members, or of a class thereof, who shall be present in person or by proxy at any meeting of members, including  a special  meeting  for  election  of directors under section 604 (Special meeting for election of directors), in order to constitute a quorum  for the  transaction  of  any business or of any specified item of business, including amendments to  the  certificate  of  incorporation,  shall  be greater than the proportion prescribed by this chapter in the absence of such provision.  (2)  That  the  proportion  of  votes  of  the  members, or of a class thereof, that shall be necessary at  any  meeting  of  members  for  the transaction  of  any  business  or  of  any  specified item of business, including amendments to  the  certificate  of  incorporation,  shall  be greater than the proportion prescribed by this chapter in the absence of such provision.  (b)  An  amendment  of  the  certificate  of incorporation or a by-law adopted by the members which adds a provision permitted by this  section or which changes or strikes out such a provision, shall be authorized at a  meeting of members by vote of the members entitled to cast two-thirds of the total number of votes entitled to be cast  thereon,  or  of  such greater  proportion of such total number of votes or the total number of votes of a class, as may be provided specifically in the certificate  of incorporation or a by-law adopted by the members for adding, changing or striking out a provision permitted by this section.  (c)  If  the  certificate  of incorporation or a by-law adopted by the members contains a provision authorized by this section,  the  existence of  such  provision  shall be noted conspicuously on the face or back of every membership certificate or card or capital  certificate  issued  by such corporation.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 616 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 616 - Voting by Class of Members.

§ 616. Voting by class of members.  (a)  The  certificate  of  incorporation  or  the  by-laws may contain provisions specifying that any class or classes of members shall vote as a class in connection with the transaction of any  business  or  of  any specified item of business at a meeting of members, including amendments to the certificate of incorporation.  (b)  Where  voting  as  a  class  is  provided  in  the certificate of incorporation or the by-laws, it shall be by the proportionate  vote  so provided  or,  if  no proportionate vote is provided, in the election of directors, by a plurality of the votes  cast  at  such  meeting  by  the members of such class entitled to vote in the election, or for any other corporate action, by a majority of the votes cast at such meeting by the members of such class entitled to vote thereon.  (c)  Such  voting  by  class  shall  be in addition to any other vote, including vote by class, required by this chapter or by the  certificate of incorporation or the by-laws as permitted by this chapter.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 617 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 617 - Cumulative Voting.

§ 617. Cumulative voting.The certificate of incorporation or the by-laws of any corporation may   provide  that  in  all  elections  of directors of such corporation each   member shall be entitled to as many votes as shall equal the  number  of   votes  which,  except  for  such  provisions as to cumulative voting, he   would be entitled to cast for the election of  directors  multiplied  by   the  number of directors to be elected, and that he may cast all of such   votes for a single director or may distribute them among the  number  to   be  voted  for, or for any two or more of them, as he may see fit, which   right, when exercised, shall be termed cumulative voting.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 618 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 618 - Power of Supreme Court Respecting Elections.

§ 618. Power of supreme court respecting elections.Upon  the  petition  of  any  member aggrieved by an election and upon   notice to the persons declared elected thereat, the corporation and such   other persons as the court may direct, the supreme court  at  a  special   term  held  within  the  judicial  district  where  the  office  of  the   corporation is located shall forthwith hear the proofs  and  allegations   of  the parties, and confirm the election, order a new election, or take   such other action as justice may require.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 619 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 619 - Agreements by Members as to Voting.

§ 619. Agreements by members as to voting.An  agreement between two or more members, if in writing and signed by   the parties thereto, may provide that in exercising their voting  rights   as members they shall vote as therein provided, or as they may agree, or   as determined in accordance with a procedure agreed upon by them.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 620 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 620 - Preemptive Rights.

§ 620. Preemptive rights.There  shall  be  no  preemptive  rights  in  relation  to  membership   certificates or cards, capital certificates, subvention certificates, or   bonds.  In the case of bonds having lawful voting rights,  this  section   shall  not  invalidate  otherwise  valid contract provisions designed to   protect such voting rights.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 622 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 622 - Infant Members.

§ 622. Infant members.  (a)  If the certificate of incorporation or the by-laws provide that a member shall be of full age:  (1)  A  corporation  may  treat  an  infant  who  holds  a  membership certificate or card or capital certificate or a bond of such corporation as  having capacity to receive and to empower others to receive payments or distributions, to vote or express consent or dissent, in person or by proxy, and to make  elections  and  exercise  rights  relating  to  such certificates or bonds, unless, in the case of membership certificates or cards  or  capital  certificates,  the corporate officer responsible for maintaining the list or record of members or the transfer agent  of  the corporation or, in the case of bonds, the treasurer or paying officer or agent has received written notice that such holder is an infant.  (2)  An  infant  holder of a membership certificate or card or capital certificate or a bond of a corporation who  has  received  or  empowered others  to receive payments or distributions, voted or expressed consent or dissent, or made an election or exercised a right  relating  thereto, shall  have  no  right  thereafter to disaffirm or avoid, as against the corporation, any such act on his part, unless  prior  to  such  receipt, vote,   consent,   dissent,  election  or  exercise,  as  to  membership certificates or cards or capital  certificates,  the  corporate  officer responsible  for  maintaining  the  list  or  record  of  members or its transfer agent or, in the case of bonds, the treasurer or paying officer or agent had received written notice that such holder was an infant.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 623 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 623 - Members' Derivative Action Brought in the Right of the Corporation to Procure a Judgment in Its Favor.

§ 623. Members'   derivative   action   brought  in  the  right  of  the          corporation to procure a judgment in its favor.  (a) An action may be brought in the right of  a  domestic  or  foreign corporation  to  procure a judgment in its favor by five percent or more of any class of members or by such percentage of the holders of  capital certificates  or  of  the owners of a beneficial interest in the capital certificates of such corporation.  (b) In any such action, it shall be made to appear that each plaintiff is such a member, holder or owner at the time of bringing the action.  (c)  In  any  such  action,  the  complaint  shall  set   forth   with particularity  the  efforts of the plaintiff or plaintiffs to secure the initiation of such action by the board of the reason for not making such effort.  (d) Such action shall not  be  discontinued,  compromised  or  settled without the approval of the court having jurisdiction of the action.  If the  court  shall  determine that the interests of the members or of any class  or  classes  thereof  will  be  substantially  affected  by  such discontinuance,  compromise or settlement, the court, in its discretion, may direct that notice, by publication or otherwise, shall be  given  to the  members  or  class or classes thereof whose interests it determines will be so affected; if notice is so directed to be given, the court may determine which one or more of the parties to the action shall bear  the expense  of giving the same, in such amount as the court shall determine and find to be reasonable in the circumstances, and the amount  of  such expense  shall be awarded as special costs of the action and recoverable in the same manner as statutory taxable costs.  (e) If the action on behalf of  the  corporation  was  successful,  in whole  or  in  part,  or  if  anything  was received by the plaintiff or plaintiffs or a claimant or claimants  as  the  result  of  a  judgment, compromise  or settlement of an action or claim, the court may award the plaintiff or plaintiffs, claimant  or  claimants,  reasonable  expenses, including  reasonable  attorney's  fees, and shall direct him or them to account to the corporation for the remainder of the proceeds so received by him or them. This paragraph shall not apply to any judgment  rendered for the benefit of injured members or non-record owners only and limited to a recovery of the loss or damage sustained by them.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 624 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 6 - Members 624 - Notification to Tenants.

§ 624. Notification to tenants.Upon  the adoption, amendment or repeal of the by-laws by the board of   directors pursuant to paragraph (g) of section 602 (By-laws), where such   change would have a direct effect on the  resident's  occupancy  or  the   rules  of  the  building, the board of directors shall post the adopted,   amended, or repealed by-laws conspicuously to  ensure  tenants  will  be   aware of such adoption.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 701 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 7 - Directors and Officers 701 - Board of Directors.

§ 701. Board of directors.  (a)  Except as otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, a corporation shall be managed by its board of directors. Each  director shall  be  at  least  eighteen  years  of age; provided, however, that a member of the board of directors of any girl scout council chartered  by Girl  Scouts  of  the  United  States of America, Inc., or any Camp Fire Girls club member serving as a member of the board of directors  on  the National  Board  and National Council of Camp Fire Girls, Inc. or on the local board of the Camp Fire Girls, Inc. or  any  member  of  Aspira  of America  Inc.  or  Aspira  of  New  York  Inc.  serving  on the board of directors, shall be at least sixteen years of age.  Notwithstanding  the above,  a  corporation  organized for educational purposes primarily for the benefit of individuals below eighteen years of age may  include  one director  below  eighteen  years of age who is at least sixteen years of age.  Further,  a  corporation  organized  for  recreational  or   youth development  and  delinquency  prevention  purposes  primarily  for  the benefit of individuals below eighteen years of age may  include  one  or more  directors,  the  number  of which shall not exceed one-half of the total number of directors for a quorum for the transaction of  business, who  are  at  least  sixteen years of age but not over eighteen years of age. The certificate of incorporation or the by-laws may prescribe other qualifications  for  directors,  provided,  however,   any   corporation organized for recreation or youth development and delinquency prevention purposes,  when  increasing  the number of directors between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years old to more than one, shall prescribe in  its certificate  of incorporation the number of such directors not to exceed the limitations of this paragraph.  (b) If the certificate of incorporation vests the  management  of  the corporation,  in whole or in part, in one or more persons other than the board, individually or collectively, such other person or persons  shall be  subject  to  the  same  obligations  and  the  same  liabilities for managerial acts or omissions as  are  imposed  upon  directors  by  this chapter.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 702 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 7 - Directors and Officers 702 - Number of Directors.

§ 702. Number of directors.  (a) The number of directors constituting the entire board shall be not less than three. Subject to such limitation, such number may be fixed by the  by-laws  or  by  action  of  the  members or of the board under the specific provisions of a by-law allowing such action, or by  any  number within  a  range  set forth in the by-laws. If not otherwise fixed under this paragraph, the number shall be three.  (b) The number of directors may be increased or decreased by amendment of the by-laws or by action of the members, or of the  board  under  the specific provisions of a by-law, subject to the following limitations:  (1)  If the board is authorized by the by-laws to change the number of directors, whether by amending the by-laws or by taking action under the specific provisions of a by-law, such amendment or action shall  require the vote of a majority of the entire board.  (2) No decrease shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
NY Not for Profit Corp L § 703 (2021)
2021 New York Laws NPC - Not-For-Profit Corporation Article 7 - Directors and Officers 703 - Election and Term of Office of Directors; Alternates.

§ 703. Election and term of office of directors; alternates.  (a)  A  corporation may provide in its certificate of incorporation or by-laws for directors to be elected or appointed at large, or by special districts or membership sections, or by virtue of their office or former office in the corporation or other entity,  public  or  private,  or  by bondholders pursuant to paragraph (c) of section 506 (Bonds and security interests) voting as a class, or any combination thereof.  (b)  Directors shall be elected or appointed in the manner and for the term of office provided in  the  certificate  of  incorporation  or  the by-laws.  The  term  of office of directors, other than those elected or appointed by virtue of their office or former office in the  corporation or other entity, public or private, shall not exceed five years; and, if the board is classified under section 704 (Classification of directors), such  term  shall  not  exceed  a number of years equal to the number of classes into which  the  board  is  classified.  In  the  absence  of  a provision fixing the term, it shall be one year.  (c)  Each  director shall hold office until the expiration of the term for which he is elected or appointed, and until his successor  has  been elected or appointed and qualified.  (d)  If  the  certificate  of  incorporation  or by-laws so provide, a special district or membership section entitled to elect or appoint  one or  more  directors  may  elect  or  appoint  an alternate for each such director. In the absence of a director from a meeting of the board,  his alternate  may, upon written notice to the secretary of the corporation, attend such  meeting  and  exercise  therein  the  rights,  powers,  and privileges  of  the  absent  director.  When  so  exercising the rights, powers, and privileges of the absent director, such alternate  shall  be subject  in  all  respects  to  the provisions of this chapter governing directors.