10 V.S.A. § 7591
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 10 - Conservation and Development|Chapter 168 - Product Stewardship for Primary Batteries and Rechargeable Batteries|§ 7591. Private right of action

§ 7591. Private right of action|(a) Action against producer with no primary battery stewardship plan. A producer, a primary battery stewardship organization implementing an approved primary battery stewardship plan in compliance with the requirements of this chapter, a rechargeable battery steward, or a rechargeable battery stewardship organization may bring a civil action against another producer or primary battery stewardship organization for damages when:  (1) the plaintiff producer, primary battery stewardship organization, rechargeable battery steward, or rechargeable battery stewardship organization incurs more than $1,000.00 in actual reimbursable costs collecting, handling, recycling, or properly disposing of primary batteries sold or offered for sale in the State by that other producer; (2) the producer from whom damages are sought:  (A) can be identified as the producer of the collected primary batteries from a brand or marking on the discarded battery or from other information available to the plaintiff producer, primary battery stewardship organization, rechargeable battery steward, or rechargeable battery stewardship organization; and (B) does not operate or participate in an approved primary battery stewardship organization in the State or is not otherwise in compliance with the requirements of this chapter.    (b) Action against producer with an approved primary battery stewardship plan. A producer, a primary battery stewardship organization in compliance with the requirements of this chapter, a rechargeable battery steward, or a rechargeable battery stewardship organization may bring a civil action for damages against a primary producer or primary battery stewardship organization in the State that is in compliance with the requirements of this chapter, provided that the conditions of subsection (d) of this section have been met.(c) Action against rechargeable battery stewardship organization. A producer, a primary battery stewardship organization in compliance with the requirements of this chapter, a rechargeable battery steward, or a rechargeable battery stewardship organization may bring a civil action for damages against a rechargeable battery stewardship organization registered by the Secretary, provided that the conditions of subsection (d) of this section have been met.(d) Condition precedent to cause of action. Except as authorized under subsection (a) of this section, a cause of action under this section shall be allowed only if:  (1) a plaintiff producer, primary battery stewardship organization, or rechargeable battery stewardship organization submitted a reimbursement request to another producer, primary battery stewardship organization, or rechargeable battery stewardship organization under subchapter 4 of this chapter; and (2) the plaintiff producer, primary battery stewardship organization, or rechargeable battery stewardship organization does not receive reimbursement within:  (A) 90 days of the reimbursement request, if no independent audit is requested under subchapter 4 of this chapter; or (B) 60 days after completion of an audit if an independent audit is requested under subchapter 4 of this chapter, and the audit confirms the validity of the reimbursement request.    (e) Action against individual producer or steward.  (1) A civil action under this section may be brought against an individual primary battery producer or an individual rechargeable battery steward only if the primary battery producer is implementing its own primary battery stewardship plan, the primary battery producer has failed to register to participate in a primary battery stewardship plan, or the rechargeable battery steward is implementing its own registered rechargeable battery stewardship organization. (2) A primary battery producer participating in an approved primary battery stewardship plan covering multiple producers or a rechargeable battery steward participating in a rechargeable battery stewardship organization representing multiple stewards shall not be sued individually for reimbursement. (3) An action against a primary battery producer participating in a primary battery stewardship plan covering multiple producers or an action against a rechargeable battery steward participating in a rechargeable battery stewardship organization shall be brought against the stewardship organization implementing the plan.   (f) Role of Agency. The Agency shall not be a party to or be required to provide assistance or otherwise participate in a civil action authorized under this section solely due to its regulatory requirements under this chapter, unless subject to subpoena before a court of jurisdiction.(g) Damages; definitions. As used in this section, "damages" means the actual, reimbursable costs a plaintiff producer, primary battery stewardship organization, or rechargeable battery stewardship organization incurs in collecting, handling, recycling, or properly disposing of primary batteries reasonably identified as having originated from another primary battery producer, primary battery stewardship organization, or rechargeable battery stewardship organization. (Added 2013, No. 139 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. May 22, 2014.)