reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-21 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-21 - Definitions: A to H.

25:2-21 Definitions: A to H.  25:2-21. Definitions: A to H.  As used in this article:  "Affiliate" means:  a. A person who directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities: (1) As a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote the securities; or  (2) Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised the power to vote;  b. A corporation 20% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor or a person who directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities: (1) As a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote the securities; or  (2) Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised the power to vote;  c. A person whose business is operated by the debtor under a lease or other agreement, or a person substantially all of whose assets are controlled by the debtor; or  d. A person who operates the debtor's business under a lease or other agreement or controls substantially all of the debtor's assets.  "Asset" means property of a debtor, but the term does not include:  a. Property to the extent it is encumbered by a valid lien;  b. Property to the extent it is generally exempt under nonbankruptcy law; or  c. An interest in property held in tenancy by the entireties to the extent it is not subject to process by a creditor holding a claim against only one tenant.  "Claim", except as used in "claim for relief," means a right to payment, whether or not the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured.  "Creditor" means a person who has a claim.  "Debt" means liability on a claim.  "Debtor" means a person who is liable on a claim.  "Electronic" means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. amended 2021, c.92, s.2.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-23 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-23 - Insolvency.

25:2-23 Insolvency.  25:2-23. Insolvency.  a. A debtor is insolvent if, at a fair valuation, the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than the sum of the debtor's assets.  b. A debtor who is generally not paying the debtor's debts as they become due other than as a result of a bona fide dispute is presumed to be insolvent. This presumption imposes on the party against which the presumption is directed the burden of proving that the nonexistence of insolvency is more probable than its existence. c. (Deleted by amendment, P.L.2021, c.92.) d. Assets under this section do not include property that has been transferred, concealed, or removed with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under this article. e. Debts under this section do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset. amended 2021, c.92, s.4.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-24 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-24 - Value.

25:2-24 Value.  25:2-24. Value.  a. Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or another person.  b. For the purposes of paragraph (2) of subsection a. of R.S.25:2-25 and R.S.25:2-27, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust, or security agreement.  c. A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.  amended 2021, c.92, s.5.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-25 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-25 - Transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditor.

25:2-25 Transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditor.  25:2-25. Transfer or obligation voidable as to present or future creditor.  a. A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation:  (1) With actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor; or  (2) Without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor:  (a) Was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction; or  (b) Intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that the debtor would incur, debts beyond the debtor's ability to pay as they become due. b. A creditor making a claim for relief under subsection a. of this section has the burden of proving the elements of the claim for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. amended 2021, c.92, s.6.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-26 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-26 - Factors in determining intent.

25:2-26 Factors in determining intent.  25:2-26. Factors in determining intent.  In determining actual intent under paragraph (1) of subsection a. of R.S.25:2-25 consideration may be given, among other factors, to whether:  a. The transfer or obligation was to an insider;  b. The debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer;  c. The transfer or obligation was disclosed or concealed;  d. Before the transfer was made or obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit;  e. The transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets;  f. The debtor absconded;  g. The debtor removed or concealed assets;  h. The value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred;  i. The debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred;  j. The transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred; and  k. The debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lienor who transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.  amended 2021, c.92, s.7.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-27 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-27 - Transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditor.

25:2-27 Transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditor.  25:2-27. Transfer or obligation voidable as to present creditor.  a. A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation. b. A transfer made by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time, and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent. c. Subject to subsection b. of R.S.25:2-23, a creditor making a claim for relief under subsection a. or b. of this section has the burden of proving the elements of the claim for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. amended 2021, c.92, s.8.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-28 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-28 - When transfer is made or obligation incurred.

25:2-28 When transfer is made or obligation incurred.  25:2-28. When transfer is made or obligation incurred.  For the purposes of this article:  a. A transfer is made:  (1) With respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; and  (2) With respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under this article that is superior to the interest of the transferee;  b. If applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in subsection a. of this section and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under this article, the transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action;  c. If applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in subsection a. of this section, the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee;  d. A transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred;  e. An obligation is incurred:  (1) If oral, when it becomes effective between the parties; or  (2) If evidenced by a record, when the record signed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.  amended 2021, c.92, s.9.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-29 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-29 - Remedies of creditor.

25:2-29 Remedies of creditor.  25:2-29. Remedies of creditor.  a. In an action for relief against a transfer or obligation under this article, a creditor, subject to the limitations in R.S.25:2-30, may obtain:  (1) Avoidance of the transfer or obligation to the extent necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim;  (2) An attachment or other provisional remedy against the asset transferred or other property of the transferee if available under applicable law; and (3) Subject to applicable principles of equity and in accordance with applicable rules of civil procedure:  (a) An injunction against further disposition by the debtor or transferee, or both, of the asset transferred or of other property;  (b) Appointment of a receiver to take charge of the asset transferred or of other property of the transferee; or  (c) Any other relief the circumstances may require.  b. If a creditor has obtained a judgment on a claim against the debtor, the creditor, if the court so orders, may levy execution on the asset transferred or its proceeds. amended 2021, c.92, s.10.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-31 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-31 - Extinguishment of claim for relief.

25:2-31 Extinguishment of claim for relief.  25:2-31. Extinguishment of claim for relief. A claim for relief with respect to a transfer or obligation under this article is extinguished unless action is brought:  a. Under paragraph (1) of subsection a. of R.S.25:2-25, not later than four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred or, if later, not later than one year after the transfer or obligation was discovered by the claimant; b. Under paragraph (2) of subsection a. of R.S.25:2-25 or subsection a. of R.S.25:2-27, not later than four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred; or c. Under paragraph (2) of subsection a. of R.S.25:2-27, not later than one year after the transfer was made.  amended 2002, c.100; 2021, c.92, s.12.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-32 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-32 - Supplementary provisions.

25:2-32 Supplementary provisions.  25:2-32. Supplementary provisions.  Unless displaced by the provisions of the "Uniform Voidable Transactions Act," R.S.25:2-20 et seq., the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relating to principal and agent, estoppel, laches, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, insolvency, or other validating or invalidating cause, supplement its provisions.  amended 2021, c.92, s.14.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-33 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-33 - Uniformity of application and construction.

25:2-33 Uniformity of application and construction.  25:2-33. Uniformity of application and construction.  The "Uniform Voidable Transactions Act," R.S.25:2-20 et seq., shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this article among states enacting it. amended 2021, c.92, s.15.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-34 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-34 - Laws repealed

25:2-34. Laws repealed  The following are repealed:  R.S. 25:2-7 through R.S. 25:2-19 inclusive.  N.J.S. 14A:14-10 through N.J.S. 14A:14-12 inclusive. Source: New.  L. 1988, c. 74, s. 1.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-35 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-35 - Governing law.

25:2-35 Governing law.  13. Governing law. a. In this section, the following rules determine a debtor's location: (1) A debtor who is an individual is located at the individual's principal residence. (2) A debtor that is an organization and has only one place of business is located at its place of business. (3) A debtor that is an organization and has more than one place of business shall be deemed to be located at its chief executive office. b. A claim in the nature of a claim under the "Uniform Voidable Transactions Act," R.S.25:2-20 et seq., shall be governed by the local law of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located when the transfer is made or the obligation is incurred. L.2021, c.92, s.13.
NJ Rev Stat § 25:2-36 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 25 - Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 25:2-36 - Relation to "Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act."

25:2-36 Relation to "Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act."  16. Relation to "Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act." This article modifies, limits, and supersedes the "Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act," 15 U.S.C. s.7001 et seq., but does not modify, limit, or supersede section 101(c) of that act, 15 U.S.C. s.7001(c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in section 103(b) of that act, 15 U.S.C. s.7003(b).  L.2021, c.92, s.16.
NJ Rev Stat § 26:1-1 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 26 - Health and Vital Statistics|Section 26:1-1 - Terms defined

26:1-1. Terms defined  As used in this Title unless otherwise specifically indicated: "State department," "department of health" and "department" mean the State Department of Health; "Commissioner" or "Director" means the State Commissioner of Health, who is the chief administrative officer of the State Department of Health; "Council" means the Public Health Council in the State Department of Health; "Division" means one of the divisions in the State Department of Health; "Division director" means the director of one of the divisions in the State Department of Health; "Local board" or "local board of health" means the board of health of any municipality or the boards, body, or officers in such municipality lawfully exercising any of the powers of a local board of health under the laws governing such municipality. Amended by L.1947, c. 177, p. 815, s. 64; L.1950, c. 29, p. 62, s. 7; L.1951, c. 69, p. 456, s. 67.
NJ Rev Stat § 26:1A-1 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 26 - Health and Vital Statistics|Section 26:1A-1 - Definitions

26:1A-1. Definitions  As used in this act, unless otherwise specifically indicated, "State Department," "Department of Health" and "department" mean the State Department of Health; "Commissioner" means the State Commissioner of Health who is the chief administrative officer of the State Department of Health; "Council" means the Public Health Council in the State Department of Health; "Division" means one of the divisions in the State Department of Health; "Division director" means the director of one of the divisions in the State Department of Health; "Local board" or "local board of health" means the board of health of any municipality or the boards, bodies or officers in such municipality lawfully exercising any of the powers of a local board of health under the laws governing such municipality. L.1947, c. 177, p. 792, s. 1. Amended by L.1950, c. 29, p. 59, s. 1; L.1951, c. 69, p. 456, s. 66.
NJ Rev Stat § 26:1A-2 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 26 - Health and Vital Statistics|Section 26:1A-2 - State Department of Health established

26:1A-2. State Department of Health established  There is hereby established in the Executive Branch of the State Government a principal department which shall be known as the State Department of Health. L.1947, c. 177, p. 792, s. 2. Amended by L.1948, c. 444, p. 1748, s. 1.
NJ Rev Stat § 26:1A-2.1 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 26 - Health and Vital Statistics|Section 26:1A-2.1 - Redesignation as Department of Health, Commissioner of Health.

26:1A-2.1 Redesignation as Department of Health, Commissioner of Health.  93. a. The Department of Health, established pursuant to P.L.1947, c.177 (C.26:1A-1 et seq.), and continued and constituted and redesignated as the Department of Health and Senior Services pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 001-1996, is continued and constituted and redesignated as the Department of Health. The Commissioner of Health and Senior Services shall be redenominated as the Commissioner of Health. b. Whenever the terms "Department of Health and Senior Services" and "Commissioner of Health and Senior Services" occur or any references are made thereto in any law, rule, regulation, order, contract, document, judicial or administrative proceeding, or otherwise, the same shall be deemed to mean or refer to the "Department of Health" and the "Commissioner of Health," respectively. c. The Commissioner of Health shall have the power, not inconsistent with section 13 of P.L.1947, c.177 (C.26:1A-13) or the provisions of P.L.2012, c.17 (C.26:1A-2.1 et al.), to organize the work of the Department of Health in such organizational units as the commissioner may determine to be necessary for its efficient and effective operation. L.2012, c.17, s.93.
NJ Rev Stat § 26:1A-3 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 26 - Health and Vital Statistics|Section 26:1A-3 - State Commissioner of Health; Deputy Commissioner for Public Health Services

26:1A-3. State Commissioner of Health; Deputy Commissioner for Public Health Services  3. a. The head and chief administrative officer of the department shall be the State Commissioner of Health, who shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall serve at the pleasure of the Governor during the Governor's term of office and until the appointment and qualification of the commissioner's successor. The commissioner shall be a person with recognized professional, executive or administrative experience in any capacity in which he has demonstrated a substantial knowledge of the activities of the department and the principal public health policy issues affecting the State.  The commissioner shall devote his entire time and attention to the duties of the office and shall receive such salary as shall be provided by law.  b. The commissioner shall delegate such of his powers as the commissioner deems appropriate for the efficient administration of the department, to be exercised under the commissioner's direction and supervision by one or more deputy commissioners, one of whom shall be the Deputy Commissioner for Public Health Services. If the commissioner is not a duly licensed physician and a graduate of a regularly chartered and legally constituted medical school or college, then the Deputy Commissioner for Public Health Services shall be a duly licensed physician and a graduate of a regularly chartered and legally constituted medical school or college, with skill in sanitary science, who, in addition to his other duties, shall advise the commissioner on medical issues. The Deputy Commissioner for Public Health Services shall fulfill the duties of the office of commissioner in the event of a vacancy in that office, until the Governor appoints a successor to the commissioner.  The deputy commissioner shall devote his entire time and attention to the duties of that office and shall receive such salary as the commissioner deems appropriate.  L.1947,c.177,s.3; amended 1948,c.444,ss.2,27; 1970,c.2,s.1; 1994,c.35,s.1.
NJ Rev Stat § 26:1A-4 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 26 - Health and Vital Statistics|Section 26:1A-4 - Public Health Council.

26:1A-4 Public Health Council.  4. There shall be in the department a Public Health Council which shall consist of 10 members, each of whom shall be chosen with due regard to his knowledge of and interest in public health and each of whom shall be a citizen of this State. Two of such members shall be duly licensed physicians, one member shall be a dentist licensed to practice in the State of New Jersey, one member shall be a person knowledgeable by education or professional experience in health-related aspects of terrorism agents that may be used in acts of terrorism, and one member shall be a public health professional. Each member shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of 7 years and until his successor is appointed and qualified; provided, however, that the first appointments hereunder shall be for terms which shall commence on July 1, 1947, and shall continue 1 for 1 year, 1 for 2 years, 1 for 3 years, 1 for 4 years, 1 for 5 years, 1 for 6 years, and 1 for 7 years; and provided further, that the term of the dentist member first appointed shall commence on July 1, 1954. Any member of the Public Health Council may be removed from office by the Governor, for cause. Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the council for any cause shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment but for the unexpired term only. The members of the council shall serve without compensation, but shall be reimbursed for necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. L.1947,c.177,s.4; amended 1954, c.158 2004, c. 158.