reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
13 PA Cons Stat § 4213 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 42 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|Section 4213 - Medium and time of settlement by bank

§ 4213. Medium and time of settlement by bank.  (a) Certain rules regarding settlement by bank.--With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Federal Reserve regulations or circulars, clearinghouse rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of such prescription:  (1) the medium of settlement is cash or credit to an account in a Federal Reserve bank of or specified by the person to receive settlement; and  (2) the time of settlement is:  (i) with respect to tender of settlement by cash, a cashier's check or teller's check, when the cash or check is sent or delivered;  (ii) with respect to tender of settlement by credit in an account in a Federal Reserve bank, when the credit is made;  (iii) with respect to tender of settlement by a credit or debit to an account in a bank, when the credit or debit is made or, in the case of tender of settlement by authority to charge an account, when the authority is sent or delivered; or  (iv) with respect to tender of settlement by a funds transfer, when payment is made pursuant to section 4A406(a) (relating to payment by originator to beneficiary; discharge of underlying obligation) to the person receiving settlement.  (b) When settlement occurs under certain circumstances not covered by subsection (a).--If the tender of settlement is not by a medium authorized by subsection (a) or the time of settlement is not fixed by subsection (a), no settlement occurs until the tender of settlement is accepted by the person receiving settlement.  (c) Settlement by cashier's check or teller's check.--If settlement for an item is made by cashier's check or teller's check and the person receiving settlement, before its midnight deadline:  (1) presents or forwards the check for collection, settlement is final when the check is finally paid; or  (2) fails to present or forward the check for collection, settlement is final at the midnight deadline of the person receiving settlement.  (d) Settlement by tender of authority to charge account of bank making settlement in bank receiving settlement.--If settlement for an item is made by giving authority to charge the account of the bank giving settlement in the bank receiving settlement, settlement is final when the charge is made by the bank receiving settlement if there are funds available in the account for the amount of the item. (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  1992 Amendment. Act 97 added present section 4213 and renumbered former section 4213 to present section 4215.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4214 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 42 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|Section 4214 - Right of charge-back or refund; liability of collecting bank; return of item

§ 4214. Right of charge-back or refund; liability of collecting  bank; return of item.  (a) Right of collecting bank to charge-back or refund.--If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, charge back the amount of any credit given for the item to the account of its customer, or obtain refund from its customer, whether or not it is able to return the item, if by its midnight deadline or within a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts it returns the item or sends notification of the facts. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank's midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay. These rights to revoke, charge-back and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final.  (b) Return of item by collecting bank.--A collecting bank returns an item when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to its instructions.  (c) Right of depositary-payor bank to charge-back or refund.--A depositary bank that is also the payor may charge- back the amount of an item to the account of its customer or obtain refund in accordance with the section governing return of an item received by a payor bank for credit on its books (section 4301).  (d) Right of charge-back unaffected in certain cases.--The right to charge-back is not affected by:  (1) previous use of a credit given for the item; or  (2) failure by any bank to exercise ordinary care with respect to the item, but a bank so failing remains liable.  (e) Effect of failure to charge-back or claim refund.--A failure to charge-back or claim refund does not affect other rights of the bank against the customer or any other party.  (f) Credit in dollars for item payable in foreign money.--If credit is given in dollars as the equivalent of the value of an item payable in foreign money, the dollar amount of any charge- back or refund must be calculated on the basis of the bank- offered spot rate for the foreign money prevailing on the day when the person entitled to the charge-back or refund learns that it will not receive payment in ordinary course. (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  1992 Amendment. Act 97 amended and renumbered former section 4212 to present section 4214 and renumbered former section 4214 to present section 4216.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4215 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 42 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|Section 4215 - Final payment of item by payor bank; when provisional debits and credits become final; when certain credits become available for withdrawal

§ 4215. Final payment of item by payor bank; when provisional  debits and credits become final; when certain credits  become available for withdrawal.  (a) When item is finally paid by payor bank.--An item is finally paid by a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following:  (1) Paid the item in cash.  (2) Settled for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearinghouse rule or agreement.  (3) Made a provisional settlement for the item and failed to revoke the settlement in the time and manner permitted by statute, clearinghouse rule or agreement.  (b) Effect of provisional settlement which does not become final.--If provisional settlement for an item does not become final, the item is not finally paid.  (c) When provisional debits and credits become final.--If provisional settlement for an item between the presenting and payor banks is made through a clearinghouse or by debits or credits in an account between them, then to the extent that provisional debits or credits for the item are entered in accounts between the presenting and payor banks or between the presenting and successive prior collecting banks seriatim, they become final upon final payment of the item by the payor bank.  (d) Accountability of collecting bank to customer upon final settlement.--If a collecting bank receives a settlement for an item which is or becomes final, the bank is accountable to its customer for the amount of the item and any provisional credit given for the item in an account with its customer becomes final.  (e) When credit becomes available for withdrawal.--Subject to applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and any right of the bank to apply the credit to an obligation of the customer, credit given by a bank for an item in a customer's account becomes available for withdrawal as of right:  (1) if the bank has received a provisional settlement for the item, when the settlement becomes final and the bank has had a reasonable time to receive return of the item and the item has not been received within that time; and  (2) if the bank is both the depositary bank and the payor bank and the item is finally paid, at the opening of the second banking day of the bank following receipt of the item.  (f) When deposit of money becomes available for withdrawal.--Subject to applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and any right of a bank to apply a deposit to an obligation of the depositor, a deposit of money becomes available for withdrawal as of right at the opening of the next banking day of the bank after receipt of the deposit. (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  1992 Amendment. Act 97 amended and renumbered former section 4213 to present section 4215.  Cross References. Section 4215 is referred to in section 3418 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4216 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 42 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks|Section 4216 - Insolvency and preference

§ 4216. Insolvency and preference.  (a) Return of unpaid item by agent of closed bank.--If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends payment and the item has not been finally paid, the item must be returned by the receiver, trustee or agent in charge of the closed bank to the presenting bank or the customer of the closed bank.  (b) Preferred claim against payor bank by owner of unsettled item.--If a payor bank finally pays an item and suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer or the presenting bank which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has preferred claim against the payor bank.  (c) Finality of provisional settlement by payor or collecting bank unaffected.--If a payor bank gives or a collecting bank gives or receives a provisional settlement for an item and thereafter suspends payments, the suspension does not prevent or interfere with the settlement's becoming final if the finality occurs automatically upon the lapse of certain time or the happening of certain events.  (d) Preferred claim against collecting bank by owner of unsettled item.--If a collecting bank receives from subsequent parties settlement for an item, which settlement is or becomes final and the bank suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the collecting bank. (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  1992 Amendment. Act 97 amended and renumbered former section 4214 to present section 4216.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4301 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 43 - Collection of Items: Payor Banks|Section 4301 - Deferred posting; recovery of payment by return of items; time of dishonor; return of items by payor bank

 § 4301. Deferred posting; recovery of payment by return of items; time of dishonor; return of items by payor bank.   (a) Return by payor bank of item provisionally settled.--If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight of the banking day of receipt, the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it: (1) returns the item; or (2) sends written notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for return.  (b) Time for return of provisionally settled item.--If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books, it may return the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified in subsection (a).  (c) Time when item is dishonored.--Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent, an item is dishonored at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or notice sent in accordance with this section.  (d) Acts constituting return of item.--An item is returned: (1) as to an item presented through a clearinghouse, when it is delivered to the presenting or last collecting bank or to the clearinghouse or is sent or delivered in accordance with clearinghouse rules; or (2) in all other cases, when it is sent or delivered to the bank's customer or transferor or pursuant to his instructions.  (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)    Cross References. Section 4301 is referred to in sections 3502, 4214 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4302 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 43 - Collection of Items: Payor Banks|Section 4302 - Responsibility of payor bank for late return of item

§ 4302. Responsibility of payor bank for late return of item.  (a) General rule.--If an item is presented to and received by a payor bank the bank is accountable for the amount of:  (1) a demand item, other than a documentary draft, whether properly payable or not, if the bank, in any case in which it is not also the depositary bank, retains the item beyond midnight of the banking day of receipt without settling for it or, whether or not it is also the depositary bank, does not pay or return the item or send notice of dishonor until after its midnight deadline; or  (2) any other properly payable item unless, within the time allowed for acceptance or payment of that item, the bank either accepts or pays the item or returns it and accompanying documents.  (b) Liability of payor bank subject to certain defenses.-- The liability of a payor bank to pay an item pursuant to subsection (a) is subject to defenses based on breach of a presentment warranty (section 4208) or proof that the person seeking enforcement of the liability presented or transferred the item for the purpose of defrauding the payor bank. (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  Cross References. Section 4302 is referred to in sections 3312, 3502, 4303 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4303 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 43 - Collection of Items: Payor Banks|Section 4303 - When items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal process or set-off; order in which items may be charged or certified

§ 4303. When items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal  process or set-off; order in which items may be  charged or certified.  (a) When items subject to knowledge, notice, stop-payment order, legal process or set-off.--Any knowledge, notice or stop- payment order received by, legal process served upon or set-off exercised by a payor bank comes too late to terminate, suspend or modify the right or duty of the bank to pay an item or to charge the account of its customer for the item if the knowledge, notice, stop-payment order or legal process is received or served and a reasonable time for the bank to act thereon expires or the set-off is exercised after the earliest of the following:  (1) The bank accepts or certifies the item.  (2) The bank pays the item in cash.  (3) The bank settles for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearinghouse rule or agreement.  (4) The bank becomes accountable for the amount of the item under section 4302 (relating to responsibility of payor bank for late return of item).  (5) With respect to checks, a cutoff hour no earlier than one hour after the opening of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check and no later than the close of that next banking day or, if no cutoff hour is fixed, the close of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check.  (b) Order in which items may be accepted, paid, certified or charged.--Subject to subsection (a), items may be accepted, paid, certified or charged to the indicated account of its customer in any order. (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  Cross References. Section 4303 is referred to in sections 4401, 4403 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4401 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 44 - Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer|Section 4401 - When bank may charge account of customer

 § 4401. When bank may charge account of customer.   (a) General rule.--A bank may charge against the account of a customer an item that is properly payable from that account even though the charge creates an overdraft. An item is properly payable if it is authorized by the customer and is in accordance with any agreement between the customer and the bank.  (b) Limitation on customer liability.--A customer is not liable for the amount of an overdraft if the customer neither signed the item nor benefited from the proceeds of the item.  (c) Postdated checks.--A bank may charge against the account of a customer a check that is otherwise properly payable from the account, even though payment was made before the date of the check, unless the customer has given notice to the bank of the postdating describing the check with reasonable certainty. The notice is effective for the period stated in section 4403(b) (relating to right of customer to stop payment; burden of proof of loss) for stop-payment orders and must be received at such time and in such manner as to afford the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank takes any action with respect to the check described in section 4303 (relating to when items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal process or set-off; order in which items may be charged or certified). If a bank charges against the account of a customer a check before the date stated in the notice of postdating, the bank is liable for damages for the loss resulting from its act. The loss may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under section 4402 (relating to liability of bank to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account).  (d) Payment to holder on altered or completed item.--A bank that in good faith makes payment to a holder may charge the indicated account of its customer according to: (1) the original terms of the altered item; or (2) the terms of the completed item, even though the bank knows the item has been completed unless the bank has notice that the completion was improper.  (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)    Cross References. Section 4401 is referred to in section 3113 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4402 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 44 - Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer|Section 4402 - Liability of bank to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account

§ 4402. Liability of bank to customer for wrongful dishonor;  time of determining insufficiency of account.  (a) Wrongful dishonor.--Except as otherwise provided in this division, a payor bank wrongfully dishonors an item if it dishonors an item that is properly payable, but a bank may dishonor an item that would create an overdraft unless it has agreed to pay the overdraft.  (b) Liability of bank.--A payor bank is liable to its customer for damages proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor of an item. Liability is limited to actual damages proved and may include damages for an arrest or prosecution of the customer or other consequential damages. Whether any consequential damages are proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor is a question of fact to be determined in each case.  (c) Determination of bank.--A payor bank's determination of the customer's account balance on which a decision to dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is based may be made at any time between the time the item is received by the payor bank and the time that the payor bank returns the item or gives notice in lieu of return, and no more than one determination need be made. If, at the election of the payor bank, a subsequent balance determination is made for the purpose of reevaluating the bank's decision to dishonor the item, the account balance at that time is determinative of whether a dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is wrongful. (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  Cross References. Section 4402 is referred to in sections 4401, 4403 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4403 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 44 - Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer|Section 4403 - Right of customer to stop payment; burden of proof of loss

§ 4403. Right of customer to stop payment; burden of proof of  loss.  (a) Right of customer to stop payment.--A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer's account or close the account by an order to the bank describing the item or account with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that affords the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the bank with respect to the item described in section 4303 (relating to when items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal process or set-off; order in which items may be charged or certified). If the signature of more than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may stop payment or close the account.  (b) Duration of stop-payment orders.--A stop-payment order is effective for six months, but it lapses after 14 calendar days if the original order was oral and was not confirmed in writing within that period. A stop-payment order may be renewed for additional six-month periods by a writing given to the bank within a period during which the stop-payment order is effective.  (c) Burden of proof of loss.--The burden of establishing the fact and amount of loss resulting from the payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order or order to close an account is on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under section 4402 (relating to liability of bank to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account). (July 9, 1992, P.L.507, No.97, eff. one year)  Cross References. Section 4403 is referred to in sections 3418, 4401 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 4404 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 44 - Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer|Section 4404 - Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old

§ 4404. Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months  old. A bank is under no obligation to a customer having a checking account to pay a check, other than a certified check, which is presented more than six months after its date, but it may charge the account of its customer for a payment made thereafter in good faith.