reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 19.2-182.11 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 11.1 - Disposition of Persons Acquitted by Reason of Insanity|§ 19.2-182.11. Modification or removal of conditions; notice; objections; review

A. The committing court may modify conditions of release or remove conditions placed on release pursuant to § 19.2-182.7, upon petition of the supervising community services board or behavioral health authority, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the acquittee or upon its own motion based on reports of the supervising community services board or behavioral health authority. However, the acquittee may petition only annually commencing six months after the conditional release order is issued. Upon petition, the court shall require the supervising community services board or behavioral health authority to provide a report on the acquittee's progress while on conditional release.B. As it deems appropriate based on the community services board's or behavioral health authority's report and any other evidence provided to it, the court may issue a proposed order for modification or removal of conditions. The court shall provide notice of the order, and their right to object to it within ten days of its issuance, to the acquittee, the supervising community services board or behavioral health authority and the attorney for the Commonwealth for the committing jurisdiction and for the jurisdiction where the acquittee is residing on conditional release. The proposed order shall become final if no objection is filed within ten days of its issuance. If an objection is so filed, the court shall conduct a hearing at which the acquittee, the attorney for the Commonwealth, and the supervising community services board or behavioral health authority have an opportunity to present evidence challenging the proposed order. At the conclusion of the hearing, the court shall issue an order specifying conditions of release or removing existing conditions of release.1991, c. 427; 2007, cc. 485, 565.
VA Code § 19.2-182.12 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 11.1 - Disposition of Persons Acquitted by Reason of Insanity|§ 19.2-182.12. Representation of Commonwealth and acquittee

The attorney for the Commonwealth shall represent the Commonwealth in all proceedings held pursuant to this chapter. The court shall appoint counsel for the acquittee unless the acquittee waives his right to counsel. The court shall consider appointment of the person who represented the acquittee at the last proceeding.1991, c. 427; 1993, c. 295.
VA Code § 19.2-182.13 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 11.1 - Disposition of Persons Acquitted by Reason of Insanity|§ 19.2-182.13. Authority of Commissioner; delegation to board; liability

The Commissioner may delegate any of the duties and powers imposed on or granted to him by this chapter to an administrative board composed of persons with demonstrated expertise in such matters. The Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services shall assist the board in its administrative and technical duties. Members of the board shall exercise their powers and duties without compensation and shall be immune from personal liability while acting within the scope of their duties except for intentional misconduct.1991, c. 427; 2009, cc. 813, 840.
VA Code § 19.2-182.14 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 11.1 - Disposition of Persons Acquitted by Reason of Insanity|§ 19.2-182.14. Escape of persons placed or committed; penalty

Any person placed in the temporary custody of the Commissioner pursuant to § 19.2-182.2 or committed to the custody of the Commissioner pursuant to § 19.2-182.3 who escapes from such custody shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.1993, c. 295.
VA Code § 19.2-182.15 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 11.1 - Disposition of Persons Acquitted by Reason of Insanity|§ 19.2-182.15. Escape of persons placed on conditional release; penalty

Any person placed on conditional release pursuant to § 19.2-182.7 who leaves the Commonwealth without permission from the court which conditionally released the person shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.1993, c. 295.
VA Code § 19.2-182.16 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 11.1 - Disposition of Persons Acquitted by Reason of Insanity|§ 19.2-182.16. Copies of orders to Commissioner

Copies of all orders and notices issued pursuant to this chapter shall be sent to the Commissioner of the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services.1993, c. 295; 2009, cc. 813, 840.
VA Code § 19.2-183 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-183. Examination of witnesses; assistance of counsel; evidentiary matters and remedies; power to adjourn case

A. The judge before whom any person is brought for an offense shall, as soon as may be practical, in the presence of such person, examine on oath the witnesses for and against him. Before conducting the hearing or accepting a waiver of the hearing, the judge shall advise the accused of his right to counsel and, if the accused is indigent and the offense charged be punishable by confinement in jail or the state correctional facility, the judge shall appoint counsel as provided by law.B. At the hearing the judge shall, in the presence of the accused, hear testimony presented for and against the accused in accordance with the rules of evidence applicable to criminal trials in this Commonwealth. In felony cases, the accused shall not be called upon to plead, but he may cross-examine any witness who testifies on behalf of the Commonwealth or on behalf of any other defendant, introduce witnesses in his own behalf, and testify in his own behalf.C. A judge may adjourn a trial, pending before him, not exceeding 10 days at one time, without the consent of the accused.D. At any preliminary hearing under this section, certificates of analysis and reports prepared pursuant to §§ 19.2-187 and 19.2-188 shall be admissible without the testimony of the person preparing such certificate or report.Code 1950, §§ 19.1-101, 19.1-102; 1960, c. 366; 1968, c. 639; 1973, c. 485; 1975, c. 495; 1982, c. 513; 2010, c. 555.
VA Code § 19.2-183.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-183.1. Joint preliminary hearings

Upon motion of the attorney for the Commonwealth, preliminary hearings for persons alleged to have participated in contemporaneous and related acts or occurrences or in a series of such acts or occurrences constituting an offense or offenses may be heard jointly if jurisdiction over each person and offense lies in the same court, unless the court finds that such joint preliminary hearing would constitute prejudice to a defendant. Upon such a finding, the court shall order that the preliminary hearing for that defendant be held separately.1993, cc. 462, 489.
VA Code § 19.2-184 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-184. Witnesses may be separated (Subsection (a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:615 derived in part from this section)

While a witness is under such examination all other witnesses may by order of the judge be excluded from the place of examination and kept separate from each other.Code 1950, § 19.1-104; 1960, c. 366; 1968, c. 639; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-185 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-185. Testimony may be reduced to writing and subscribed

When the judge deems it proper the testimony of the witnesses may be reduced to writing, and, if required by him, shall be signed by them respectively.The judge of the court of record to which the case may be or has been certified may order the testimony of the witnesses at the preliminary hearing to be reduced to writing.Code 1950, § 19.1-105; 1960, c. 366; 1968, c. 639; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-186 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-186. When accused to be discharged, tried, committed or bailed by judge

The judge shall discharge the accused if he considers that there is not sufficient cause for charging him with the offense.If a judge considers that there is sufficient cause only to charge the accused with an offense which the judge has jurisdiction to try, then he shall try the accused for such offense and convict him if he deems him guilty and pass judgment upon him in accordance with law just as if the accused had first been brought before him on a warrant charging him with such offense.If a judge considers that there is sufficient cause to charge the accused with an offense that he does not have jurisdiction to try then he shall certify the case to the appropriate court having jurisdiction and shall commit the accused to jail or let him to bail pursuant to the provisions of Article 1 (§ 19.2-119 et seq.) of Chapter 9 of this title.Code 1950, § 19.1-106; 1960, c. 366; 1968, c. 639; 1973, c. 485; 1975, c. 495; 1999, cc. 829, 846.
VA Code § 19.2-187.01 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-187.01. Certificate of analysis as evidence of chain of custody of material described therein

A report of analysis duly attested by the person performing such analysis or examination in any laboratory operated by (i) the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, the Department of Forensic Science or any of its regional laboratories, or by any laboratory authorized by such Division or Department to conduct such analysis or examination; (ii) the Federal Bureau of Investigation; (iii) the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms; (iv) the Naval Criminal Investigative Service; (v) the federal Drug Enforcement Administration; (vi) the United States Postal Service; (vii) the U.S. Secret Service; or (viii) the Forensic Document Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security shall be prima facie evidence in a criminal or civil proceeding as to the custody of the material described therein from the time such material is received by an authorized agent of such laboratory until such material is released subsequent to such analysis or examination. Any such certificate of analysis purporting to be signed by any such person shall be admissible as evidence in such hearing or trial without any proof of the seal or signature or of the official character of the person whose name is signed to it. The signature of the person who received the material for the laboratory on the request for laboratory examination form shall be deemed prima facie evidence that the person receiving the material was an authorized agent and that such receipt constitutes proper receipt by the laboratory for purposes of this section. For purposes of this section, any laboratory that has entered into a contract with the Department of Forensic Science for the provision of forensic laboratory services shall be deemed authorized by the Department to conduct such analyses or examinations.1979, c. 364; 1989, c. 458; 1990, cc. 548, 825; 1991, c. 687; 1993, c. 32; 1994, c. 375; 1995, c. 437; 2005, cc. 868, 881; 2011, c. 645; 2015, cc. 75, 126; 2019, cc. 478, 479.
VA Code § 19.2-187.02 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-187.02. Admissibility of written reports or records of blood alcohol tests conducted in the regular course of providing emergency medical treatment

A. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the written reports or records of blood alcohol tests conducted upon persons receiving medical treatment in a hospital or emergency room are admissible in evidence as a business records exception to the hearsay rule in prosecutions for any violation of § 18.2-266 (driving while intoxicated) or a substantially similar local ordinance, § 18.2-36.1 (involuntary manslaughter resulting from driving while intoxicated), § 18.2-36.2 (involuntary manslaughter resulting from boating while intoxicated), § 18.2-51.4 (maiming resulting from driving while intoxicated), § 18.2-51.5 (maiming resulting from boating while intoxicated), § 29.1-738 (boating while intoxicated), or § 46.2-341.24 (driving a commercial vehicle while intoxicated).B. The provisions of law pertaining to confidentiality of medical records and medical treatment shall not be applicable to reports or records of blood alcohol tests sought or admitted as evidence under the provisions of this section in prosecutions as specified in subsection A. Owners or custodians of such reports or records may disclose them, in accordance with regulations concerning patient privacy promulgated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, without obtaining consent or authorization for such disclosure. No person who is involved in taking blood or conducting blood alcohol tests shall be liable for civil damages for breach of confidentiality or unauthorized release of medical records because of the evidentiary use of blood alcohol test results under this section, or as a result of that person's testimony given pursuant to this section.2002, c. 749; 2005, c. 801; 2007, cc. 379, 679.
VA Code § 19.2-187.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-187.2. Procedure for subpoena duces tecum of analysis evidence

No subpoena duces tecum shall issue for the production of writings or documents used to reach the conclusion contained in a certificate of analysis prepared pursuant to § 19.2-187 except upon affidavit that the requested writings or documents are material. Upon a showing by the Commonwealth that the production of such writings and documents would place an undue burden on the Department of Forensic Science, the court may order that the subpoena duces tecum be satisfied by making the writings and documents available for inspection by the requesting party at the laboratory site where the analysis was performed or at the laboratory operated by the Department of Forensic Science which is closest to the court in which the case is pending.1993, c. 629; 2005, cc. 868, 881.
VA Code § 19.2-188 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-188. Reports by Chief Medical Examiner received as evidence

A. Reports of investigations made by the Chief Medical Examiner, his assistants or medical examiners, and the records and certified reports of autopsies made under the authority of Title 32.1, shall be received as evidence in any court or other proceeding, and copies of photographs, laboratory findings and reports in the office of the Chief Medical Examiner or any medical examiner, when duly attested by the Chief Medical Examiner or one of his Assistant Chief Medical Examiners, shall be received as evidence in any court or other proceeding for any purpose for which the original could be received without proof of the official character or the person whose name is signed thereto.B. Any statement of fact or of opinion in such reports and records concerning the physical or medical cause of death and not alleging any conduct by the accused shall be admissible as competent evidence of the cause of death in any preliminary hearing.Code 1950, § 19.1-45; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495; 2003, c. 459; 2009, c. 640.
VA Code § 19.2-188.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-188.1. Testimony regarding identification of controlled substances

A. In any preliminary hearing on a violation of Chapter 11 (§ 4.1-1100 et seq.) of Title 4.1, Article 1 (§ 18.2-247 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 18.2, or subdivision 6 of § 53.1-203, any law-enforcement officer shall be permitted to testify as to the results of field tests that have been approved by the Department of Forensic Science pursuant to regulations adopted in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), regarding whether or not any substance the identity of which is at issue in such hearing is a controlled substance, imitation controlled substance, or marijuana, as defined in § 18.2-247.B. In any trial for a violation of § 4.1-1105.1, any law-enforcement officer shall be permitted to testify as to the results of any marijuana field test approved as accurate and reliable by the Department of Forensic Science pursuant to regulations adopted in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), regarding whether or not any plant material, the identity of which is at issue, is marijuana provided the defendant has been given written notice of his right to request a full chemical analysis. Such notice shall be on a form approved by the Supreme Court and shall be provided to the defendant prior to trial.In any case in which the person accused of a violation of § 4.1-1105.1, or the attorney of record for the accused, desires a full chemical analysis of the alleged plant material, he may, by motion prior to trial before the court in which the charge is pending, request such a chemical analysis. Upon such motion, the court shall order that the analysis be performed by the Department of Forensic Science in accordance with the provisions of § 18.2-247 and shall prescribe in its order the method of custody, transfer, and return of evidence submitted for chemical analysis.1991, c. 477; 1993, c. 33; 2005, cc. 868, 881; 2006, c. 447; 2013, c. 60; 2020, c. 831; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 550, 551.
VA Code § 19.2-188.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-188.2. Certificate of surgeon as evidence

A. In any criminal proceeding, the certificate of a duly qualified surgeon stating that he has removed organs or other body parts from a decedent for transplant in accordance with Chapter 8 (§ 32.1-277 et seq.) of Title 32.1, shall be admissible in evidence as evidence of the facts stated therein. The certificate shall be competent evidence to show that such organs or body parts were functional at the time of recovery and not affected by any injury or illness that caused the decedent's death.B. A copy of the certificate shall be filed with the attorney for the Commonwealth in the jurisdiction in which the decedent's fatal injury occurred. The certificate shall not be admitted into evidence unless the attorney for the Commonwealth has provided a copy of the certificate to counsel for the defendant at least fourteen days prior to the proceeding in which it is to be offered into evidence.C. Any such certificate, when properly notarized, purporting to be signed by the surgeon who removed the organs or other body parts shall be admissible in evidence without proof of seal or signature of the person whose name is signed to it. In any hearing or trial the accused shall have the right to call the person signing the certificate and the provisions of § 19.2-187.1 shall apply, mutatis mutandis.1997, c. 557.
VA Code § 19.2-188.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-188.3. Admissibility of affidavits by government officials regarding a search of government records (Subdivision (10)(b) of Supreme Court Rule 2:803 derived from this section)

In any hearing or trial, an affidavit signed by a government official who is competent to testify, deemed to have custody of an official record, or signed by his designee, stating that after a diligent search, no record or entry of such record is found to exist among the records in his custody, is admissible as evidence that his office has no such record or entry, provided that, if the hearing or trial is a proceeding other than a preliminary hearing, the procedures set forth in subsection G of § 18.2-472.1 for admission of an affidavit have been satisfied, mutatis mutandis, and the accused has not objected to the admission of the affidavit pursuant to the procedures set forth in subsection H of § 18.2-472.1, mutatis mutandis. Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the admissibility of affidavits in civil cases under § 8.01-390.2010, c. 464; 2011, c. 285.
VA Code § 19.2-189 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-189. Commitment of accused for further examination

If the accused be committed, it shall be by an order of the judge stating that he is committed for further examination on a day specified in the order. And on that day he may be brought before such judge by his verbal order to the officer by whom he was committed, or by a written order to a different person.Code 1950, § 19.1-107; 1960, c. 366; 1968, c. 639; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-190 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-190. To whom, and when, examination and recognizance to be certified

Every examination and recognizance for a felony taken under this chapter, shall, by the person taking it, be certified to the clerk of the circuit court of the county or city in which the party charged is to be tried, or the witness is to appear, on or before the first day of its next term. If he fails he may be compelled to do so by attachment as for a contempt.Code 1950, § 19.1-108; 1960, c. 366; 1975, c. 495.
VA Code § 19.2-190.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-190.1. Certification of ancillary misdemeanor offenses

Upon certification of any felony offense pursuant to this chapter, the court shall also certify any ancillary misdemeanor offense to the clerk of the circuit court provided that the attorney for the Commonwealth and the accused consent to such certification. Any misdemeanor offense certified pursuant to this section shall proceed in the same manner as a misdemeanor appealed to circuit court pursuant to § 16.1-136.2015, c. 548.
VA Code § 19.2-190.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 12 - Preliminary Hearing|§ 19.2-190.2. Withdrawal of privately retained counsel

A privately retained counsel in any criminal case may, pursuant to the terms of a written agreement between the attorney and the client, withdraw from representation of a client without leave of court after certification of a charge by a district court by providing written notice of the withdrawal to the client, the attorney for the Commonwealth, and the circuit court within 10 days of the certification of the charge.2017, c. 774.
VA Code § 19.2-191 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 13 - Grand Juries|§ 19.2-191. Functions of a grand jury

The functions of a grand jury are twofold:(1) To consider bills of indictment prepared by the attorney for the Commonwealth and to determine whether as to each such bill there is sufficient probable cause to return such indictment "a true bill."(2) To investigate and report on any condition that involves or tends to promote criminal activity, either in the community or by any governmental authority, agency or official thereof. These functions may be exercised by either a special grand jury or a regular grand jury as hereinafter provided.1975, c. 495; 1980, c. 517; 2001, c. 4.
VA Code § 19.2-192 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 13 - Grand Juries|§ 19.2-192. Secrecy in grand jury proceedings

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, every attorney for the Commonwealth, special counsel, sworn investigator, and member of a regular, special, or multi-jurisdiction grand jury shall keep secret all proceedings which occurred during sessions of the grand jury; provided, however, in a prosecution for perjury of a witness examined before a regular grand jury, a regular grand juror may be required by the court to testify as to the testimony given by such witness before the regular grand jury.1975, c. 495; 2014, c. 389.
VA Code § 19.2-192.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 19.2 - Criminal Procedure|Chapter 13 - Grand Juries|§ 19.2-192.1. Sealing of indictment

Upon ex parte motion by the Commonwealth and for good cause shown, the circuit court may seal an indictment until such time as the defendant is arrested.2002, c. 130.