reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 10A-17-1.16 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 10A - Alabama Business and Nonprofit Entities Code.|Chapter 17 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations.|Section 10A-17-1.16 - Other Acts Not Repealed.

Section 10A-17-1.16Other acts not repealed. The following sections and parts of sections of the Code of Alabama 1975, as amended, are not repealed by this chapter: (1) Sections 2-10-1 through 2-10-108, regarding cooperatives and associations. (2) Section 6-3-4, regarding venue of actions against unincorporated groups issuing insurance policies. (3) Section 6-3-6, regarding venue of actions against unincorporated organizations or associations. (4) Section 6-5-336, regarding immunity of volunteers of nonprofit organizations if actions are in good faith and in the scope of official functions and duties, and do not represent willful or wanton misconduct. (5) Section 6-6-220, defining "Person" as including any person, partnership, joint stock company, unincorporated association, or society, or municipal or other corporation. (6) Section 6-7-80, regarding right to commence actions in name of unincorporated organization or association. (7) Section 6-7-81, regarding commencement of actions against unincorporated organization or association; satisfaction of judgment against unincorporated organization or association. (8) Sections 10A-20-1.01 through 10A-20-1.09, regarding Bishops of Diocese, incorporation. (9) Sections 10A-20-2.01 through 10A-20-2.09, regarding churches, public societies, and graveyard owners, incorporation. (10) Sections 10A-20-3.01 through 10A-20-3.04, regarding Conference of Ministers, incorporation. (11) Sections 10A-20-4.01 through 10A-20-4.04, regarding state conventions or associations of churches, incorporation. (12) Sections 10A-20-5.01 through 10A-20-5.03, regarding educational institutions, incorporation. (13) Sections 10A-20-6.01 through 10A-20-6.16, regarding health care service plans. (14) Sections 10A-20-7.01 through 10A-20-7.23, regarding industrial development corporations. (15) Sections 10A-20-8.01 through 10A-20-8.10, regarding local fraternal orders. (16) Sections 10A-20-9.01 through 10A-20-9.05, regarding single tax and other mutual economic associations. (17) Section 10A-20-10.01, regarding private foundations. (18) Section 10A-20-13.01, regarding retail merchants' associations, incorporation. (19) Section 10A-20-14.01, regarding wholesale merchants' associations, incorporation. (20) Sections 10A-20-15.01 through 10A-20-15.04, regarding water power companies. (21) Sections 10A-20-16.01 through 10A-20-16.05, regarding officers of nonprofit corporations, associations, or organizations liable only for willful or wanton misconduct or fraud, or gross negligence. (Acts 1995, No. 95-527, p. 1064, §16; §10-3B-16; amended and renumbered by Act 2009-513, p. 967, §320.)
AL Code § 10A-17-1.17 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 10A - Alabama Business and Nonprofit Entities Code.|Chapter 17 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations.|Section 10A-17-1.17 - Savings Clause.

Section 10A-17-1.17Savings clause. This chapter does not affect an action or proceeding commenced or right accrued before this chapter takes effect. (Acts 1995, No. 95-527, p. 1064, §17; §10-3B-17; amended and renumbered by Act 2009-513, p. 967, §320.)
AL Code § 10A-17-1.18 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 10A - Alabama Business and Nonprofit Entities Code.|Chapter 17 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations.|Section 10A-17-1.18 - Uniformity of Application and Construction.

Section 10A-17-1.18Uniformity of application and construction. This chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting it. (Acts 1995, No. 95-527, p. 1064, §18; §10-3B-18; amended and renumbered by Act 2009-513, p. 967, §320.)
AL Code § 12-1-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-1 - Effect of Rules of Supreme Court of Alabama.

Section 12-1-1Effect of rules of Supreme Court of Alabama. Any provisions of this title regulating procedure shall apply only if the procedure is not governed by the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure, the Alabama Rules of Appellate Procedure or any other rule of practice and procedure as may be adopted by the Supreme Court of Alabama. (Acts 1977, No. 20, p. 28.)
AL Code § 12-1-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-2 - Vesting of Judicial Power of State Generally.

Section 12-1-2Vesting of judicial power of state generally. The judicial power of the state is vested exclusively in a unified judicial system which shall consist of a Supreme Court, a Court of Criminal Appeals, a Court of Civil Appeals, a trial court of general jurisdiction known as the circuit court, a trial court of limited jurisdiction known as the district court, a probate court and such municipal courts as may be provided by law. The courts described in this section shall have all authority provided by law and shall continue to have all authority provided by rule. Except as otherwise provided by law, no moneys provided for under the provisions of this title shall be expended unless duly appropriated by the Legislature of the State of Alabama. (Code 1940, T. 13, §1; Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §1-101.)
AL Code § 12-1-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-3 - Vesting of Criminal Jurisdiction.

Section 12-1-3Vesting of criminal jurisdiction. The criminal jurisdiction of this state is vested in the circuit courts, district and municipal courts and such officers as are by law clothed with criminal jurisdiction. (Code 1852, §380; Code 1867, §3928; Code 1876, §4626;Code 1886, §4193; Code 1896, §4589; Code 1907, §6692; Code1923, §3797; Code 1940, T. 13, §8.)
AL Code § 12-1-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-4 - Transfer of Cases Improperly Submitted to Supreme Court or Courts of Appeals.

Section 12-1-4Transfer of cases improperly submitted to Supreme Court or courts of appeals. When any case is submitted to the Supreme Court which should have gone to one of the courts of appeals or is submitted to one court of appeals when it should have gone to the other, it must not be dismissed but shall be transferred to the proper court; and, when any case is submitted to a court of appeals which should have gone to the Supreme Court, it shall be transferred to the Supreme Court. (Acts 1969, No. 987, p. 1744, §11.)
AL Code § 12-1-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-5 - Procedure When Bill to Increase or Decrease Number of Judges or Change Boundaries of Circuit or District Introduced in Legislature.

Section 12-1-5Procedure when bill to increase or decrease number of judges or change boundaries of circuit or district introduced in Legislature. Pursuant to the constitutional requirement that the Supreme Court must, within three weeks after a bill is introduced at any session of the Legislature to increase or decrease the number of circuit or district judges or to change the boundaries of any judicial circuit or district, report to the Legislature its recommendations on the proposed change, the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the State Senate shall file with the Clerk of the Supreme Court immediately a certified copy of any such bill. The recommendations of the Supreme Court shall be filed with the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the State Senate within three weeks from the date of the delivery of such bill to the Clerk of the Supreme Court. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §6-116.)
AL Code § 12-1-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-6 - Procedure When Local Legislation Affecting Judiciary Introduced in Legislature.

Section 12-1-6Procedure when local legislation affecting judiciary introduced in Legislature. Whenever any bill is introduced in any session of the Legislature which pertains to the judiciary, which bill calls for local or less than statewide application, the Clerk of the House of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate shall immediately deliver a certified copy of such bill to the Administrative Director of Courts, who shall, within 10 days after receipt of such certified copy of said bill, file an instrument in writing expressing an opinion pertaining to the constitutionality of such bill. Said instrument in writing shall be filed with the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the State Senate. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §6-117.)
AL Code § 12-1-6.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-6.1 - Briefs and Amicus Curiae by Certain Legislative Parties Authorized in Appellate Cases.

Section 12-1-6.1Briefs and amicus curiae by certain legislative parties authorized in appellate cases. (a) Notwithstanding Section 12-1-1, or any other provision of this title, or any rule of the Alabama Rules of Appellate Procedure, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, President Pro Tempore of the Senate, the Chairs of the House or Senate Judiciary Committees, or the Legislative Council may file an amicus curiae brief without leave of court at any time prior to the court's issuance of the certificate of judgment in any appeal. (b) This section only applies to an amicus curiae brief prepared and filed by the staff of the Legislative Services Agency and to matters coming before the appellate courts of the state on or after June 7, 2019. (c) It is the intent of the Legislature, pursuant to Section 6.11 of Amendment 328 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, now appearing as Section 150 of the Official Recompilation of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901 as amended, that this section supersede any inconsistent rule of appellate procedure adopted by the Alabama Supreme Court.  (d) This section is supplemental to, and shall not alter, amend, or otherwise affect the procedural rights, privileges, permissions, options, or abilities of any other individual or party, including any legislative agency or official, under the state's existing laws and rules of appellate procedure. (Act 2019-443, §§1-3.)
AL Code § 12-1-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-7 - Powers of Courts as to Preservation of Order, Enforcement of Judgments, etc., Generally.

Section 12-1-7Powers of courts as to preservation of order, enforcement of judgments, etc., generally. Every court shall have power:  (1) To preserve and enforce order in its immediate presence and as near thereto as is necessary to prevent interruption, disturbance or hindrance to its proceedings; (2) To enforce order before a person or body empowered to conduct a judicial investigation under its authority; (3) To compel obedience to its judgments, orders and process and to orders of a judge out of court, in an action or proceeding therein; (4) To control, in furtherance of justice, the conduct of its officers and all other persons connected with a judicial proceeding before it in every matter appertaining thereto; (5) To administer oaths in an action or proceeding pending therein and in all other cases where it may be necessary in the exercise of its powers and duties; and (6) To amend and control its process and orders so as to make them conformable to law and justice. (Code 1852, §562; Code 1867, §638; Code 1876, §543; Code 1886, §649; Code 1896, §2639; Code 1907, §4631; Code 1923,§8576; Code 1940, T. 13, §4.)
AL Code § 12-1-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-8 - Cases in Which Courts May Issue Attachments and Inflict Summary Punishment for Contempt.

Section 12-1-8Cases in which courts may issue attachments and inflict summary punishment for contempt. The powers of the several courts in this state to issue attachments and inflict summary punishment for contempts shall not extend to any other cases than:  (1) Disrespectful, contemptuous or insolent behavior in court, tending in any way to diminish or impair the respect due to judicial tribunals or to interrupt the due course of trial; (2) A breach of the peace, boisterous conduct, violent disturbance or any other act calculated to disturb or obstruct the administration of justice, committed in the presence of the court or so near thereto as to have that effect; (3) The misbehavior of any officer of the court in his official transactions or the disobedience or resistance of any officer of the court, party, juror, witness or any other person to any lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree or command thereof; (4) Deceit or the abuse of the process of the proceedings of the court by any person or party or any unlawful interference with the processor proceedings of the court; (5) Refusing to be sworn or to answer, either in the court or before the grand jury, any lawful question as a witness or garnishee; (6) When summoned as a juror in a court, improperly conversing with a party to an action to be tried at such court or with any other person in relation to the merits of such action or receiving a communication from a party or other person, in respect to it, without immediately disclosing the same to the court; or (7) Conversing with a juror, knowing him to be such, in relation to the merits of any action which he is engaged in the trial of or supplying any juror with refreshments of any kind, except water, during the time he is engaged in the trial of any cause, without leave of the court. (Code 1852, §561; Code 1867, §637; Code 1876, §542; Code 1886, §648; Code 1896, §2638; Code 1907, §4630; Code 1923,§8574; Code 1940, T. 13, §2.)
AL Code § 12-1-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-9 - Conduct of Inquiries, etc., as to Violations of Section 12-1-8 and Punishment of Offenders.

Section 12-1-9Conduct of inquiries, etc., as to violations of Section 12-1-8 and punishment of offenders. The judges of the several courts of this state, whenever they deem it proper or necessary, shall inquire and examine the parties, witnesses, jurors or third parties as to whether or not any of the provisions of Section 12-1-8 have been violated; and, if the judge shall ascertain and determine that any provision of Section 12-1-8 has been violated, he shall declare the persons offending guilty of contempt of court and punish them accordingly. (Code 1923, §8575; Code 1940, T. 13, §3.)
AL Code § 12-1-10 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-10 - Punishment by Courts for Contempt.

Section 12-1-10Punishment by courts for contempt. The courts of this state may punish for contempt as provided by law. (Code 1852, §§568, 604, 628, 671, 704, 712; Code 1867, §§660, 700, 746, 791, 832, 842; Code 1876, §§571, 618, 657, 694, 746, 758; Code 1886, §4194; Code 1896, §4590; Code 1907, §6693; Code 1923, §3798; Code 1940, T. 13, §9.)
AL Code § 12-1-11 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-11 - Appeal to Appellate Court by Attorney or Officer From Judgment of Contempt.

Section 12-1-11Appeal to appellate court by attorney or officer from judgment of contempt. Any attorney or officer who is ordered to be punished for a contempt in the circuit court may appeal to the appropriate appellate court and may stay the execution of any fine or sentence imposed by the execution of a bond, payable to the state, with two sufficient sureties, to be approved by the tribunal appealed from, in a penalty to be fixed by said tribunal, not exceeding $300.00, conditioned to pay the fine and costs, in case of affirmance in whole or in part. The appellant shall be entitled to bail in such cases upon the execution of an appearance bond, with two or more such sureties, in the penalty of $300.00, payable to the state, conditioned to appear in the court to which his appeal is prosecuted and to abide the result of such appeal, which maybe approved by the sheriff or other officer in whose custody the appellant may be. On such appeal the question shall be whether the appellant was guilty of contempt, and the sentence or order of the court below may be affirmed, reversed, annulled or modified, according to the judgment of the appellate court. All such appeals shall be tried on the record, which shall be prepared and transmitted to the appropriate appellate court in accordance with the Alabama Rules of Appellate Procedure. On demand of any person so condemned, the judge shall make findings of fact upon which such judgment was predicated within one day from the filing or making of such demand. (Acts 1965, No. 859, p. 1602.)
AL Code § 12-1-12 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-12 - Grounds for Disqualification of Judges From Trial of Cases Generally.

Section 12-1-12Grounds for disqualification of judges from trial of cases generally. No judge of any court shall sit in any case or proceeding in which he is interested or related to any party within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity or in which he has been of counsel or in which is called in question the validity of any judgment or judicial proceeding in which he was of counsel or the validity or construction of any instrument or paper prepared or signed by him as counsel or attorney, without the consent of the parties entered of record or put in writing if the court is not of record. (Code 1876, §540; Code 1886, §647; Code 1896, §2637; Code 1907, §4626; Code 1923, §8570; Code 1940, T. 13, §6.)
AL Code § 12-1-13 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-13 - Grounds for Disqualification of Justices of Supreme Court and Judges of Courts of Appeals From Participation in Decision of Cases.

Section 12-1-13Grounds for disqualification of justices of Supreme Court and judges of courts of appeals from participation in decision of cases. No justice of the Supreme Court or judge of a Court of Appeals of Alabama shall participate in the decision of any case in the Supreme Court or a court of appeals appealed to said court from any lower court of the State of Alabama, of which lower court said justice was judge at the time said case was decided and who presided at the trial of said case in said lower court. (Code 1907, §4628; Code 1923, §8572; Code 1940, T. 13, §7.)
AL Code § 12-1-14 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-14 - Appointment, Powers, Compensation, etc., of Special Judges for Circuit, District, or Probate Court.

Section 12-1-14Appointment, powers, compensation, etc., of special judges for circuit, district, or probate court. Should the need for special judges in the circuit court, district court or probate court arise, the Supreme Court may appoint and commission special circuit judges or special district court judges or special probate judges for temporary service; provided, however, that the person so appointed shall possess the qualifications of the judgeship to which he is appointed. Such special judges shall qualify by taking the oath of office prescribed in the Constitution. Such appointment shall confer on the special judge all powers, authority and jurisdiction of the respective judgeship to which he is appointed. Such special judge shall receive as compensation for his services a sum not to exceed $100.00 a day as established by rule and reimbursement for his actual and necessary expenses, including, but not limited to, transportation costs, food and lodging, to be paid out of the State Treasury or, in whole or part, from grant funds on approval and direction of the Administrative Office of Courts. (Acts 1975, No. 1205, p. 2384, §6-109.)
AL Code § 12-1-14.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-14.1 - Appointment of Special Judge Upon Request; Temporary Service.

Section 12-1-14.1Appointment of special judge upon request; temporary service.  (a) At the request of the affected judge in a particular circuit, the presiding circuit court judge of the circuit may appoint and commission a special circuit court judge, special district court judge, or special judge of probate for temporary service. The person so appointed shall possess the qualifications of the judgeship to which he or she is appointed. The special judge shall qualify by taking the oath of office prescribed in the Constitution of Alabama of 1901. The appointment shall confer on the special judge all powers, authority, and jurisdiction of the judgeship to which he or she is appointed. The special judge shall not receive compensation for his or her services. (b) As used in this section, the term "temporary service" means not more than 180 consecutive days. A special judge may be reappointed, as needed, for more than one period of 180 consecutive days. (c) This section is supplemental to Section 12-1-14. (d) Pursuant to this section, the appointments shall be non-discriminatory. (Act 2001-969, 3rd Sp. Sess., p. 867, §§1, 2.)
AL Code § 12-1-14.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 1 - General Provisions.|Section 12-1-14.2 - Senior Judge Status.

Section 12-1-14.2Senior judge status. (a) Any circuit court judge or district court judge who has served for 10 or more years in any combination of service as a judge of the circuit court or district court in this state and who retires pursuant to Chapter 18 of this title, may be appointed as a senior judge. A circuit court judge or district court judge who retires because of a disability may not be appointed as a senior judge. (b) Any eligible retired judge may apply to the Chief Justice for appointment as a senior judge and the Chief Justice shall appoint each qualified applicant as a senior judge. (c) A senior judge may be called upon to serve as a justice or judge in any court of this state pursuant to a written request for assistance from the presiding judge of the requesting court made to the Chief Justice. A request for assistance may be made in any of the following situations: (1) When a judge of the requesting court is disqualified for any cause from presiding in a matter pending before the requesting court. (2) When a judge of the requesting court is unable to preside in the requesting court because of disability, illness, or absence. (3) When the business of the requesting court requires the temporary assistance of an additional judge or additional judges. (d) A senior judge is bound by the same ethical standards as other judges and justices in the state and may be disciplined or have his or her senior judge status withdrawn the in same manner as other judges and justices are disciplined or removed from office. (e) A senior judge appointment by the Chief Justice to fulfill a specific request made by a presiding judge shall receive no compensation but shall receive the same per diem expenses and mileage as state employees paid from funds appropriated to the Unified Judicial System. (Act 2004-398, p. 672, §1.)