reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Civ Code art. 2324 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2324. Liability as solidary or joint and divisible obligation

A. He who conspires with another person to commit an intentional or willful act is answerable, in solido, with that person, for the damage caused by such act. B. If liability is not solidary pursuant to Paragraph A, then liability for damages caused by two or more persons shall be a joint and divisible obligation. A joint tortfeasor shall not be liable for more than his degree of fault and shall not be solidarily liable with any other person for damages attributable to the fault of such other person, including the person suffering injury, death, or loss, regardless of such other person's insolvency, ability to pay, degree of fault, immunity by statute or otherwise, including but not limited to immunity as provided in R.S. 23:1032, or that the other person's identity is not known or reasonably ascertainable. C. Interruption of prescription against one joint tortfeasor is effective against all joint tortfeasors.  Amended by Acts 1979, No. 431, §1; Acts 1987, No. 373, §1; Acts 1988, No. 430, §1; Acts 1996, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 3, §1, eff. April 16, 1996.
LA Civ Code art. 2324.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2324.1. Damages; discretion of judge or jury

In the assessment of damages in cases of offenses, quasi offenses, and quasi contracts, much discretion must be left to the judge or jury. Acts 1984, No. 331, §3, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2324.2 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2324.2. Reduction of recovery

A. When the recovery of damages by a person suffering injury, death, or loss is reduced in some proportion by application of Article 2323 or 2324 and there is a legal or conventional subrogation, then the subrogee's recovery shall be reduced in the same proportion as the subrogor's recovery. B. Nothing herein precludes such persons and legal or conventional subrogees from agreeing to a settlement which would incorporate a different method or proportion of subrogee recovery for amounts paid by the legal or conventional subrogee under the Louisiana Worker's Compensation Act, R.S. 23:1021, et seq. Acts 1989, No. 771, §1, eff. July 9, 1989.
LA Civ Code art. 2325 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2325. Matrimonial regime.

A matrimonial regime is a system of principles and rules governing the ownership and management of the property of married persons as between themselves and toward third persons. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2326 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2326. Kinds of matrimonial regimes.

A matrimonial regime may be legal, contractual, or partly legal and partly contractual. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2327 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2327. Legal regime.

The legal regime is the community of acquets and gains established in Chapter 2 of this Title. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2328 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2328. Contractual regime; matrimonial agreement.

A matrimonial agreement is a contract establishing a regime of separation of property or modifying or terminating the legal regime. Spouses are free to establish by matrimonial agreement a regime of separation of property or modify the legal regime as provided by law. The provisions of the legal regime that have not been excluded or modified by agreement retain their force and effect. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2329 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2329. Exclusion or modification of matrimonial regime.

Spouses may enter into a matrimonial agreement before or during marriage as to all matters that are not prohibited by public policy. Spouses may enter into a matrimonial agreement that modifies or terminates a matrimonial regime during marriage only upon joint petition and a finding by the court that this serves their best interests and that they understand the governing principles and rules. They may, however, subject themselves to the legal regime by a matrimonial agreement at any time without court approval. During the first year after moving into and acquiring a domicile in this state, spouses may enter into a matrimonial agreement without court approval. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1. Amended by Acts 1980, No. 565, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2330 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2330. Limits of contractual freedom.

Spouses may not by agreement before or during marriage, renounce or alter the marital portion or the established order of succession. Nor may the spouses limit with respect to third persons the right that one spouse alone has under the legal regime to obligate the community or to alienate, encumber, or lease community property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2331 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2331. Form of matrimonial agreement.

A matrimonial agreement may be executed by the spouses before or during marriage. It shall be made by authentic act or by an act under private signature duly acknowledged by the spouses. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2332 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2332. Effect toward third persons.

A matrimonial agreement, or a judgment establishing a regime of separation of property is effective toward third persons as to immovable property, when filed for registry in the conveyance records of the parish in which the property is situated and as to movables when filed for registry in the parish or parishes in which the spouses are domiciled. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2333 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2333. Minors.

  A minor under the age of sixteen may not enter into a matrimonial agreement. A minor sixteen or seventeen years of age may not enter into a matrimonial agreement without judicial authorization and the written concurrence of his father and mother, or of the parent having his legal custody, or of the tutor of his person.  Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 2019, No. 401, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2334 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2334. Persons; scope of application of the legal regime.

The legal regime of community of acquets and gains applies to spouses domiciled in this state, regardless of their domicile at the time of marriage or the place of celebration of the marriage. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2335 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2335. Classification of property

Property of married persons is either community or separate, except as provided in Article 2341.1. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1991, No. 329, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2336 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2336. Ownership of community property

Each spouse owns a present undivided one-half interest in the community property. Nevertheless, neither the community nor things of the community may be judicially partitioned prior to the termination of the regime. During the existence of the community property regime, the spouses may, without court approval, voluntarily partition the community property in whole or in part. In such a case, the things that each spouse acquires are separate property. The partition is effective toward third persons when filed for registry in the manner provided by Article 2332. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1. Amended by Acts 1981, No. 921, §1; Acts 1982, No. 282, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2337 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2337. Disposition of undivided interest.

A spouse may not alienate, encumber, or lease to a third person his undivided interest in the community or in particular things of the community prior to the termination of the regime. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2338 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2338. Community property.

The community property comprises: property acquired during the existence of the legal regime through the effort, skill, or industry of either spouse; property acquired with community things or with community and separate things, unless classified as separate property under Article 2341; property donated to the spouses jointly; natural and civil fruits of community property; damages awarded for loss or injury to a thing belonging to the community; and all other property not classified by law as separate property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2339 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2339. Fruits and revenues of separate property

The natural and civil fruits of the separate property of a spouse, minerals produced from or attributable to a separate asset, and bonuses, delay rentals, royalties, and shut-in payments arising from mineral leases are community property. Nevertheless, a spouse may reserve them as his separate property as provided in this Article.  A spouse may reserve them as his separate property by a declaration made in an authentic act or in an act under private signature duly acknowledged. A copy of the declaration shall be provided to the other spouse prior to filing of the declaration. As to the fruits and revenues of immovables, the declaration is effective when a copy is provided to the other spouse and the declaration is filed for registry in the conveyance records of the parish in which the immovable property is located. As to fruits of movables, the declaration is effective when a copy is provided to the other spouse and the declaration is filed for registry in the conveyance records of the parish in which the declarant is domiciled. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Amended by Acts 1980, No. 565, §2; Acts 2008, No. 855, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2340 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2340. Presumption of community.

Things in the possession of a spouse during the existence of a regime of community of acquets and gains are presumed to be community, but either spouse may prove that they are separate property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2341 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2341. Separate property.

The separate property of a spouse is his exclusively. It comprises: property acquired by a spouse prior to the establishment of a community property regime; property acquired by a spouse with separate things or with separate and community things when the value of the community things is inconsequential in comparison with the value of the separate things used; property acquired by a spouse by inheritance or donation to him individually; damages awarded to a spouse in an action for breach of contract against the other spouse or for the loss sustained as a result of fraud or bad faith in the management of community property by the other spouse; damages or other indemnity awarded to a spouse in connection with the management of his separate property; and things acquired by a spouse as a result of a voluntary partition of the community during the existence of a community property regime. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Amended by Acts 1981, No. 921, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2341.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2341.1. Acquisition of undivided interests; separate and community property

A. A spouse's undivided interest in property otherwise classified as separate property under Article 2341 remains his separate property regardless of the acquisition of other undivided interests in the property during the existence of the legal regime, the source of improvements thereto, or by whom the property was managed, used, or enjoyed. B. In property in which an undivided interest is held as community property and an undivided interest is held as separate property, each spouse owns a present undivided one-half interest in that portion of the undivided interest which is community and a spouse owns a present undivided interest in that portion of the undivided interest which is separate. Acts 1991, No. 329, §2.
LA Civ Code art. 2342 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2342. Declaration of acquisition of separate property

A. A declaration in an act of acquisition that things are acquired with separate funds as the separate property of a spouse may be controverted by the other spouse unless he concurred in the act. It may also be controverted by the forced heirs and the creditors of the spouses, despite the concurrence by the other spouse. B. Nevertheless, when there has been such a declaration, an alienation, encumbrance, or lease of the thing by onerous title, during the community regime or thereafter, may not be set aside on the ground of the falsity of the declaration. C.(1) The provision of this Article that prohibits setting aside an alienation, encumbrance, or lease on the ground of the falsity of the declaration of separate property is hereby made retroactive to any such alienation, encumbrance, or lease prior to July 21, 1982. (2) A person who has a right to set aside such transactions on the ground of the falsity of the declaration, which right is not prescribed or otherwise extinguished or barred upon July 21, 1982, and who is adversely affected by the provisions of this Article, shall have six months from July 21, 1982 to initiate proceedings to set aside such transactions or otherwise be forever barred from exercising such right or cause of action. Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to limit or prescribe any action or proceeding which may arise between spouses under the provisions of this Article. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1. Amended by Acts 1980, No. 565, §3; Acts 1982, No. 453, §1; Acts 1995, No. 433, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2343 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2343. Donation by spouse of interest in community.

The donation by a spouse to the other spouse of his undivided interest in a thing forming part of the community transforms that interest into separate property of the donee. Unless otherwise provided in the act of donation, an equal interest of the donee is also transformed into separate property and the natural and civil fruits of the thing, and minerals produced from or attributed to the property given as well as bonuses, delay rentals, royalties, and shut-in payments arising from mineral leases, form part of the donee's separate property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Amended by Acts 1981, No. 921, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2343.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2343.1. Transfer of separate property to the community.

The transfer by a spouse to the other spouse of a thing forming part of his separate property, with the stipulation that it shall be part of the community, transforms the thing into community property. As to both movables and immovables, a transfer by onerous title must be made in writing and a transfer by gratuitous title must be made by authentic act. Added by Acts 1981, No. 921, §2.
LA Civ Code art. 2344 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2344. Offenses and quasi-offenses; damages as community or separate property.

Damages due to personal injuries sustained during the existence of the community by a spouse are separate property. Nevertheless, the portion of the damages attributable to expenses incurred by the community as a result of the injury, or in compensation of the loss of community earnings, is community property. If the community regime is terminated otherwise than by the death of the injured spouse, the portion of the damages attributable to the loss of earnings that would have accrued after termination of the community property regime is the separate property of the injured spouse. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2345 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2345. Satisfaction of obligation during community.

A separate or community obligation may be satisfied during the community property regime from community property and from the separate property of the spouse who incurred the obligation. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2346 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2346. Management of community property.

Each spouse acting alone may manage, control, or dispose of community property unless otherwise provided by law. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2347 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2347. Alienation of community property; concurrence of other spouse.

A. The concurrence of both spouses is required for the alienation, encumbrance, or lease of community immovables, standing, cut, or fallen timber, furniture or furnishings while located in the family home, all or substantially all of the assets of a community enterprise, and movables issued or registered as provided by law in the names of the spouses jointly. B. The concurrence of both spouses is required to harvest community timber. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 2001, No. 558, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2348 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2348. Renunciation of right to concur.

A spouse may expressly renounce the right to concur in the alienation, encumbrance, or lease of a community immovable or some or all of the community immovables, or community immovables which may be acquired in the future, or all or substantially all of a community enterprise. He also may renounce the right to participate in the management of a community enterprise. The renunciation may be irrevocable for a stated term not to exceed three years. Further, any renunciation of the right to concur in the alienation, encumbrance, or lease of a community immovable, or some or all of the community immovables or community immovables which may be acquired in the future, or all or substantially all of a community enterprise which was proper in form and effective under the law at the time it was made shall continue in effect for the stated term not to exceed three years or if there was no term stated, then until it is revoked. A spouse may nonetheless reserve the right to concur in the alienation, encumbrance, or lease of specifically described community immovable property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Amended by Acts 1981, No. 132, §1; Acts 1984, No. 554, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 1984, No. 622, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985. {{NOTE: SEE SECTION 2 OF ACTS 1984, NOS. 554 AND 622.}}
LA Civ Code art. 2349 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2349. Donation of community property; concurrence of other spouse.

The donation of community property to a third person requires the concurrence of the spouses, but a spouse acting alone may make a usual or customary gift of a value commensurate with the economic position of the spouses at the time of the donation. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2350 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2350. Alienation of movable assets of business

  The spouse who is the sole manager of a community enterprise has the exclusive right to alienate, encumber, or lease its movables unless the movables are issued in the name of the other spouse or the concurrence of the other spouse is required by law.  A community enterprise is a business that is not a juridical person.  Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 2017, No. 197, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2351 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2351. Alienation of registered movables.

A spouse has the exclusive right to manage, alienate, encumber, or lease movables issued or registered in his name as provided by law. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2352 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2352. Management and disposition of partnership and limited liability company interest

A spouse who is a partner has the exclusive right to manage, alienate, encumber, or lease the partnership interest. A spouse who is a member has the exclusive right to manage, alienate, encumber, or lease the limited liability company interest. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1993, No. 475, §1, eff. June 9, 1993.
LA Civ Code art. 2353 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2353. Unauthorized alienation of community property.

When the concurrence of the spouses is required by law, the alienation, encumbrance, or lease of community property by a spouse is relatively null unless the other spouse has renounced the right to concur. Also, the alienation, encumbrance, or lease of the assets of a community enterprise by the non-manager spouse is a relative nullity. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2354 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2354. Liability for fraud or bad faith.

A spouse is liable for any loss or damage caused by fraud or bad faith in the management of the community property. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2355 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2355. Judicial authorization to act without the consent of the other spouse

A spouse, in a summary proceeding, may be authorized by the court to act without the concurrence of the other spouse upon showing that such action is in the best interest of the family and that the other spouse arbitrarily refuses to concur or that concurrence may not be obtained due to the physical incapacity, mental incompetence, commitment, imprisonment, temporary absence of the other spouse, or because the other spouse is an absent person. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1990, No. 989, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1991.
LA Civ Code art. 2355.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2355.1. Judicial authorization to manage the community

When a spouse is an absent person, the other spouse, upon showing that such action is in the best interest of the family, may be authorized by the court in a summary proceeding to manage, alienate, encumber, or lease community property that the absent spouse has the exclusive right to manage, alienate, encumber, or lease. Acts 1990, No. 989, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1991.
LA Civ Code art. 2356 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2356. Causes of termination

The legal regime of community property is terminated by the death or judgment of declaration of death of a spouse, declaration of the nullity of the marriage, judgment of divorce or separation of property, or matrimonial agreement that terminates the community. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1990, No. 989, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1991.
LA Civ Code art. 2357 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2357. Satisfaction of obligation after termination of regime

An obligation incurred by a spouse before or during the community property regime may be satisfied after termination of the regime from the property of the former community and from the separate property of the spouse who incurred the obligation. The same rule applies to an obligation for attorney's fees and costs in an action for divorce incurred by a spouse between the date the petition for divorce was filed and the date of the judgment of divorce that terminates the community regime. If a spouse disposes of property of the former community for a purpose other than the satisfaction of community obligations, he is liable for all obligations incurred by the other spouse up to the value of that community property. A spouse may by written act assume responsibility for one-half of each community obligation incurred by the other spouse. In such case, the assuming spouse may dispose of community property without incurring further responsibility for the obligations incurred by the other spouse. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1990, No. 1009, §3, eff. Jan. 1, 1991.
LA Civ Code art. 2358 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2358. Claims for reimbursement between spouses

A spouse may have a claim against the other spouse for reimbursement in accordance with the following Articles. A claim for reimbursement may be asserted only after termination of the community property regime, unless otherwise provided by law. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1; Acts 1990, No. 991, §1; Acts 2009, No. 204, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2358.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2358.1. Source of reimbursement

Reimbursement shall be made from the patrimony of the spouse who owes reimbursement. Acts 1990, No. 991, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2359 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2359. Obligations; community or separate.

An obligation incurred by a spouse may be either a community obligation or a separate obligation. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2360 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2360. Community obligation.

An obligation incurred by a spouse during the existence of a community property regime for the common interest of the spouses or for the interest of the other spouse is a community obligation. Acts 1979, No. 709, §1.