reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 8.9A-407 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Sections|§ 8.9A-407. Restrictions on creation or enforcement of security interest in leasehold interest or in lessor's residual interest

(a) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a lease agreement is ineffective to the extent that it:(1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a party to the lease to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, an interest of a party under the lease contract or in the lessor's residual interest in the goods; or(2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the lease.(b) Effectiveness of certain terms. Except as otherwise provided in § 8.2A-303 (7), a term described in subsection (a) (2) is effective to the extent that there is:(1) a transfer by the lessee of the lessee's right of possession or use of the goods in violation of the term; or(2) a delegation of a material performance of either party to the lease contract in violation of the term.(c) Security interest not material impairment. The creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in the lessor's interest under the lease contract or the lessor's residual interest in the goods is not a transfer that materially impairs the lessee's prospect of obtaining return performance or materially changes the duty of or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on the lessee within the purview of § 8.2A-303 (4) unless, and then only to the extent that, enforcement actually results in a delegation of material performance of the lessor.1991, c. 536, § 8.2A-303; 2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-409 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Sections|§ 8.9A-409. Restrictions on assignment of letter-of-credit rights ineffective

(a) Term or law restricting assignment generally ineffective. A term in a letter of credit or a rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice applicable to the letter of credit which prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of an applicant, issuer, or nominated person to a beneficiary's assignment of or creation of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right is ineffective to the extent that the term or rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice:(1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-of-credit right; or(2) provides that the assignment or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the letter-of-credit right.(b) Limitation on ineffectiveness under subsection (a). To the extent that a term in a letter of credit is ineffective under subsection (a) but would be effective under law other than this title or a custom or practice applicable to the letter of credit, to the transfer of a right to draw or otherwise demand performance under the letter of credit, or to the assignment of a right to proceeds of the letter of credit, the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-of-credit right:(1) is not enforceable against the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary;(2) imposes no duties or obligations on the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary; and(3) does not require the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary to recognize the security interest, pay or render performance to the secured party, or accept payment or other performance from the secured party.2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-501 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-501. Filing office

(a) Filing offices. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), if the local law of the Commonwealth governs perfection of a security interest or agricultural lien, the office in which to file a financing statement to perfect the security interest or agricultural lien is:(1) the office designated for the filing or recording of a record of a mortgage on the related real property, if:(A) the collateral is as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut; or(B) the financing statement is filed as a fixture filing and the collateral is goods that are or are to become fixtures; or(2) the office of the State Corporation Commission or any office duly authorized by it, in all other cases, including a case in which the collateral is goods that are or are to become fixtures and the financing statement is not filed as a fixture filing.(b) Filing office for transmitting utilities. The office in which to file a financing statement to perfect a security interest in collateral, including fixtures, of a transmitting utility is the office of the State Corporation Commission. The financing statement also constitutes a fixture filing as to the collateral indicated in the financing statement which is or is to become fixtures.1996, c. 216, § 8.9-401; 2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-502 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-502. Contents of financing statement; record of mortgage as financing statement; time of filing financing statement

(a) Sufficiency of financing statement. Subject to subsection (b), a financing statement is sufficient only if it:(1) provides the name of the debtor;(2) provides the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party; and(3) indicates the collateral covered by the financing statement.(b) Real-property-related financing statements. Except as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-501 (b), to be sufficient, a financing statement that covers as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut, or which is filed as a fixture filing and covers goods that are or are to become fixtures, must satisfy subsection (a) and also:(1) indicate that it covers this type of collateral;(2) indicate that it is to be filed for record in the real property records;(3) provide a description of the real property to which the collateral is related sufficient to give constructive notice of a mortgage under the law of this state if the description were contained in a record of the mortgage of the real property; and(4) if the debtor does not have an interest of record in the real property, provide the name of a record owner.(c) Record of mortgage as financing statement. A record of a mortgage is effective, from the date of recording, as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing or as a financing statement covering as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut only if:(1) the record indicates the goods or accounts that it covers;(2) the goods are or are to become fixtures related to the real property described in the record or the collateral is related to the real property described in the record and is as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut;(3) the record satisfies the requirements for a financing statement in this section, but:(A) the record need not indicate that it is to be filed in the real property records; and(B) the record sufficiently provides the name of a debtor who is an individual if it provides the individual name of the debtor or the surname and first personal name of the debtor, even if the debtor is an individual to whom § 8.9A-503(a)(4) applies; and(4) the record is duly recorded.(d) Filing before security agreement or attachment. A financing statement may be filed before a security agreement is made or a security interest otherwise attaches.1964, c. 219, § 8.9-402; 1966, c. 649; 1973, c. 509; 1976, c. 536; 1977, c. 539; 1978, cc. 284, 285; 1982, c. 652; 1999, c. 96; 2000, c. 1007; 2012, c. 155.
VA Code § 8.9A-504 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-504. Indication of collateral

A financing statement sufficiently indicates the collateral that it covers if the financing statement provides:(1) a description of the collateral pursuant to § 8.9A-108; or(2) an indication that the financing statement covers all assets or all personal property.1964, c. 219, § 8.9-402; 1966, c. 649; 1973, c. 509; 1976, c. 536; 1977, c. 539; 1978, cc. 284, 285; 1982, c. 652; 1999, c. 96; 2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-505 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-505. Filing and compliance with other statutes and treaties for consignments, leases, other bailments, and other transactions

(a) Use of terms other than "debtor" and "secured party." A consignor, lessor, or other bailor of goods, a licensor, or a buyer of a payment intangible or promissory note may file a financing statement, or may comply with a statute or treaty described in § 8.9A-311 (a), using the terms "consignor," "consignee," "lessor," "lessee," "bailor," "bailee," "licensor," "licensee," "owner," "registered owner," "buyer," "seller," or words of similar import, instead of the terms "secured party" and "debtor."(b) Effect of financing statement under subsection (a). This part applies to the filing of a financing statement under subsection (a) and, as appropriate, to compliance that is equivalent to filing a financing statement under § 8.9A-311 (b), but the filing or compliance is not of itself a factor in determining whether the collateral secures an obligation. If it is determined for another reason that the collateral secures an obligation, a security interest held by the consignor, lessor, bailor, licensor, owner, or buyer which attaches to the collateral is perfected by the filing or compliance.1973, c. 509, § 8.9-408; 2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-506 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-506. Effect of errors or omissions

(a) Minor errors and omissions. A financing statement substantially satisfying the requirements of this part is effective, even if it has minor errors or omissions, unless the errors or omissions make the financing statement seriously misleading.(b) Financing statement seriously misleading. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a financing statement that fails sufficiently to provide the name of the debtor in accordance with § 8.9A-503 (a) is seriously misleading.(c) Financing statement not seriously misleading. If a search of the records of the filing office under the debtor's correct name, using the filing office's standard search logic, if any, would disclose a financing statement that fails sufficiently to provide the name of the debtor in accordance with § 8.9A-503 (a), the name provided does not make the financing statement seriously misleading.(d) "Debtor's correct name." For purposes of § 8.9A-508 (b), the "debtor's correct name" in subsection (c) means the correct name of the new debtor.1964, c. 219, § 8.9-402; 1966, c. 649; 1973, c. 509; 1976, c. 536; 1977, c. 539; 1978, cc. 284, 285; 1982, c. 652; 1999, c. 96; 2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-507 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-507. Effect of certain events on effectiveness of financing statement

(a) Disposition. A filed financing statement remains effective with respect to collateral that is sold, exchanged, leased, licensed, or otherwise disposed of and in which a security interest or agricultural lien continues, even if the secured party knows of or consents to the disposition.(b) Information becoming seriously misleading. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) and § 8.9A-508, a financing statement is not rendered ineffective if, after the financing statement is filed, the information provided in the financing statement becomes seriously misleading under § 8.9A-506.(c) Change in debtor's name. If the name that a filed financing statement provides for a debtor becomes insufficient as the name of the debtor under § 8.9A-503(a) so that the financing statement becomes seriously misleading under § 8.9A-506:(1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor before, or within four months after, the filed financing statement becomes seriously misleading; and(2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor more than four months after the filed financing statement becomes seriously misleading, unless an amendment to the financing statement which renders the financing statement not seriously misleading is filed within four months after that event.1964, c. 219, § 8.9-402; 1966, c. 649; 1973, c. 509; 1976, c. 536; 1977, c. 539; 1978, cc. 284, 285; 1982, c. 652; 1999, c. 96; 2000, c. 1007; 2012, c. 155.
VA Code § 8.9A-508 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-508. Effectiveness of financing statement if new debtor becomes bound by security agreement

(a) Financing statement naming original debtor. Except as otherwise provided in this section, a filed financing statement naming an original debtor is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral in which a new debtor has or acquires rights to the extent that the financing statement would have been effective had the original debtor acquired rights in the collateral.(b) Financing statement becoming seriously misleading. If the difference between the name of the original debtor and that of the new debtor causes a filed financing statement that is effective under subsection (a) to be seriously misleading under § 8.9A-506:(1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor before, and within four months after, the new debtor becomes bound under § 8.9A-203 (d); and(2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor more than four months after the new debtor becomes bound under § 8.9A-203 (d) unless an initial financing statement providing the name of the new debtor is filed before the expiration of that time.(c) When section not applicable. This section does not apply to collateral as to which a filed financing statement remains effective against the new debtor under § 8.9A-507 (a).2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-509 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-509. Persons entitled to file a record

(a) Person entitled to file record. A person may file an initial financing statement, amendment that adds collateral covered by a financing statement, or amendment that adds a debtor to a financing statement only if:(1) the debtor authorizes the filing in an authenticated record or pursuant to subsection (b) or (c); or(2) the person holds an agricultural lien that has become effective at the time of filing and the financing statement covers only collateral in which the person holds an agricultural lien.(b) Security agreement as authorization. By authenticating or becoming bound as debtor by a security agreement, a debtor or new debtor authorizes the filing of an initial financing statement, and an amendment, covering:(1) the collateral described in the security agreement; and(2) property that becomes collateral under § 8.9A-315 (a) (2), whether or not the security agreement expressly covers proceeds.(c) Acquisition of collateral as authorization. By acquiring collateral in which a security interest or agricultural lien continues under § 8.9A-315 (a) (1), a debtor authorizes the filing of an initial financing statement, and an amendment, covering the collateral and property that becomes collateral under § 8.9A-315 (a) (2).(d) Person entitled to file certain amendments. A person may file an amendment other than an amendment that adds collateral covered by a financing statement or an amendment that adds a debtor to a financing statement only if:(1) the secured party of record authorizes the filing; or(2) the amendment is a termination statement for a financing statement as to which the secured party of record has failed to file or send a termination statement as required by § 8.9A-513 (a) or (c), the debtor authorizes the filing, and the termination statement indicates that the debtor authorized it to be filed.(e) Multiple secured parties of record. If there is more than one secured party of record for a financing statement, each secured party of record may authorize the filing of an amendment under subsection (d).2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-510 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-510. Effectiveness of filed record

(a) Filed record effective if authorized. A filed record is effective only to the extent that it was filed by a person that may file it under § 8.9A-509.(b) Authorization by one secured party of record. A record authorized by one secured party of record does not affect the financing statement with respect to another secured party of record.(c) Continuation statement not timely filed. A continuation statement that is not filed within the six-month period prescribed by § 8.9A-515 (d) is ineffective.2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-511 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-511. Secured party of record

(a) Secured party of record. A secured party of record with respect to a financing statement is a person whose name is provided as the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party in an initial financing statement that has been filed. If an initial financing statement is filed under § 8.9A-514 (a), the assignee named in the initial financing statement is the secured party of record with respect to the financing statement.(b) Amendment naming secured party of record. If an amendment of a financing statement which provides the name of a person as a secured party or a representative of a secured party is filed, the person named in the amendment is a secured party of record. If an amendment is filed under § 8.9A-514 (b), the assignee named in the amendment is a secured party of record.(c) Amendment deleting secured party of record. A person remains a secured party of record until the filing of an amendment of the financing statement which deletes the person.2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-512 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-512. Amendment of financing statement

(a) Amendment of information in financing statement. Subject to § 8.9A-509, a person may add or delete collateral covered by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or, subject to subsection (e), otherwise amend the information provided in, a financing statement by filing an amendment that:(1) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which the amendment relates; and(2) if the amendment relates to an initial financing statement filed or recorded in a filing office described in § 8.9A-501 (a) (1), provides the information specified in § 8.9A-502 (b).(b) Period of effectiveness not affected. Except as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-515, the filing of an amendment does not extend the period of effectiveness of the financing statement.(c) Effectiveness of amendment adding collateral. A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds collateral is effective as to the added collateral only from the date of the filing of the amendment.(d) Effectiveness of amendment adding debtor. A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds a debtor is effective as to the added debtor only from the date of the filing of the amendment.(e) Certain amendments ineffective. An amendment is ineffective to the extent it:(1) purports to delete all debtors and fails to provide the name of a debtor to be covered by the financing statement; or(2) purports to delete all secured parties of record and fails to provide the name of a new secured party of record.1964, c. 219, § 8.9-402; 1966, c. 649; 1973, c. 509; 1976, c. 536; 1977, c. 539; 1978, cc. 284, 285; 1982, c. 652; 1999, c. 96; 2000, c. 1007.
VA Code § 8.9A-513 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 8.9A - Commercial Code - Secured Transactions|Part 1 - Filing Office, Contents and Effectiveness of Financing Statement|§ 8.9A-513. Termination statement

(a) Consumer goods. A secured party shall cause the secured party of record for a financing statement to file a termination statement for the financing statement if the financing statement covers consumer goods and:(1) there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value; or(2) the debtor did not authorize the filing of the initial financing statement.(b) Time for compliance with subsection (a). To comply with subsection (a), a secured party shall cause the secured party of record to file the termination statement:(1) within one month after there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value; or(2) if earlier, within twenty days after the secured party receives an authenticated demand from a debtor.(c) Other collateral. In cases not governed by subsection (a), within twenty days after a secured party receives an authenticated demand from a debtor, the secured party shall cause the secured party of record for a financing statement to send to the debtor a termination statement for the financing statement or file the termination statement in the filing office if:(1) except in the case of a financing statement covering accounts or chattel paper that has been sold or goods that are the subject of a consignment, there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value;(2) the financing statement covers accounts or chattel paper that has been sold but as to which the account debtor or other person obligated has discharged its obligation;(3) the financing statement covers goods that were the subject of a consignment to the debtor but are not in the debtor's possession; or(4) the debtor did not authorize the filing of the initial financing statement.(d) Effect of filing termination statement. Except as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-510, upon the filing of a termination statement with the filing office, the financing statement to which the termination statement relates ceases to be effective. Except as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-510, for purposes of §§ 8.9A-519 (g), 8.9A-522 (a), and 8.9A-523 (c), the filing with the filing office of a termination statement relating to a financing statement that indicates that the debtor is a transmitting utility also causes the effectiveness of the financing statement to lapse.1964, c. 219, § 8.9-404; 1973, c. 509; 1975, c. 225; 1977, c. 539; 1982, c. 652; 1984, cc. 40, 771; 1988, c. 804; 1990, c. 412; 2000, c. 1007.