reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Mil & Vet Code § 16 (2021)
2021 California Code|Military and Veterans Code - MVC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 16.

16.  An oath authorized or required by Division 2 of this code or the regulations issued thereunder or the statutes or regulations governing the United States Army or United States Navy or United States Air Force or the National Guard or the Air National Guard or active militia may be taken before the following persons who are authorized to administer the same within and without the State, namely: all officers and persons authorized to administer oaths by the 136th Article of the Uniform Code of Military Justice adopted by Section 102 as part of this code, the Adjutant General, the Assistant Adjutant General, the administrative officer in the Office of the Adjutant General, officers of the National Guard when such oath is authorized or required in a matter pertaining to the National Guard, and officers of the Naval Militia when such oath is authorized or required in a matter pertaining to the Naval Militia, except officers of both land and naval forces on the reserve and retired list while unassigned to duty, or by any other officer authorized to administer oaths under the laws of this State. No charge shall be made for the same.In other cases where an oath is required by this code, the same may be administered by persons authorized to do so by law.(Amended by Stats. 1953, Ch. 193.)
CA Mil & Vet Code § 17 (2021)
2021 California Code|Military and Veterans Code - MVC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 17.

17.  “Signature” or “subscription” includes mark when the signer or subscriber cannot write, such signer’s or subscriber’s name being written near the mark by a witness who writes his own name near the signer’s or subscriber’s name; but a signature or subscription by mark may be acknowledged or may serve as a signature or subscription to a sworn statement only when two witnesses so sign the same.(Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 389.)
CA Mil & Vet Code § 18 (2021)
2021 California Code|Military and Veterans Code - MVC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 18.

18.  Whenever used in this code, in specifying or defining the rights of employees of the State, or of any county, city and county, city, public district of any type or class, or other public or municipal corporation who are absent from their duties as such employees while in the active military service of the United States of America or of the State of California, or while assigned to duty with the military forces of the United States of America or of the State of California in the full time paid service of the American Red Cross, the word “war” shall mean: (a) whenever Congress has declared war and peace has not been formally restored; (b) whenever the United States is engaged in active military operations against any foreign power, whether or not war has been formally declared; or (c) whenever the United States is assisting the United Nations, in actions involving the use of armed force, to restore international peace and security.(Added by Stats. 1950, 3rd Ex. Sess., Ch. 36.)
CA Mil & Vet Code § 19 (2021)
2021 California Code|Military and Veterans Code - MVC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 19.

19.  “Spouse” includes “registered domestic partner,” as required by Section 297.5 of the Family Code.(Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 50, Sec. 64. (SB 1005) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Penal Code § 1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|TITLE OF THE ACT|Section 1.

1.  This Act shall be known as The Penal Code of California, and is divided into four parts, as follows:   I.—OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS. II.—OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.III.—OF THE STATE PRISON AND COUNTY JAILS.IV.—OF PREVENTION OF CRIMES AND APPREHENSION OF CRIMINALS. (Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 367, Sec. 1.)
CA Penal Code § 2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 2.

2.  This Code takes effect at twelve o'clock, noon, on the first day of January, eighteen hundred and seventy-three.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 3 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 3.

3.  No part of it is retroactive, unless expressly so declared.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 4.

4.  The rule of the common law, that penal statutes are to be strictly construed, has no application to this Code. All its provisions are to be construed according to the fair import of their terms, with a view to effect its objects and to promote justice.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 5.

5.  The provisions of this Code, so far as they are substantially the same as existing statutes, must be construed as continuations thereof, and not as new enactments.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 6.

6.  No act or omission, commenced after twelve o'clock noon of the day on which this Code takes effect as a law, is criminal or punishable, except as prescribed or authorized by this Code, or by some of the statutes which it specifies as continuing in force and as not affected by its provisions, or by some ordinance, municipal, county, or township regulation, passed or adopted, under such statutes and in force when this Code takes effect. Any act or omission commenced prior to that time may be inquired of, prosecuted, and punished in the same manner as if this Code had not been passed.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 7.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 7.5.

7.5.  Whenever any offense is described in this code, the Uniform Controlled Substances Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 11000) of the Health and Safety Code), or the Welfare and Institutions Code, as criminal conduct and as a violation of a specified code section or a particular provision of a code section, in the case of any ambiguity or conflict in interpretation, the code section or particular provision of the code section shall take precedence over the descriptive language. The descriptive language shall be deemed as being offered only for ease of reference unless it is otherwise clearly apparent from the context that the descriptive language is intended to narrow the application of the referenced code section or particular provision of the code section.(Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 162, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)
CA Penal Code § 8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 8.

8.  Whenever, by any of the provisions of this Code, an intent to defraud is required in order to constitute any offense, it is sufficient if an intent appears to defraud any person, association, or body politic or corporate, whatever.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 9.

9.  The omission to specify or affirm in this Code any liability to damages, penalty, forfeiture, or other remedy imposed by law and allowed to be recovered or enforced in any civil action or proceeding, for any act or omission declared punishable herein, does not affect any right to recover or enforce the same.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 10 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 10.

10.  The omission to specify or affirm in this Code any ground of forfeiture of a public office, or other trust or special authority conferred by law, or any power conferred by law to impeach, remove, depose, or suspend any public officer or other person holding any trust, appointment, or other special authority conferred by law, does not affect such forfeiture or power, or any proceeding authorized by law to carry into effect such impeachment, removal, deposition, or suspension.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 11 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 11.

11.  This code does not affect any power conferred by law upon any court-martial, or other military authority or officer, to impose or inflict punishment upon offenders; nor, except as provided in Section 19.2 of this code, any power conferred by law upon any public body, tribunal, or officer, to impose or inflict punishment for a contempt.(Amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 897, Sec. 4.)
CA Penal Code § 12 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 12.

12.  The several sections of this Code which declare certain crimes to be punishable as therein mentioned, devolve a duty upon the Court authorized to pass sentence, to determine and impose the punishment prescribed.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 13 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 13.

13.  Whenever in this Code the punishment for a crime is left undetermined between certain limits, the punishment to be inflicted in a particular case must be determined by the Court authorized to pass sentence, within such limits as may be prescribed by this Code.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 14 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 14.

14.  The various sections of this Code which declare that evidence obtained upon the examination of a person as a witness cannot be received against him in any criminal proceeding, do not forbid such evidence being proved against such person upon any proceedings founded upon a charge of perjury committed in such examination.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 15 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 15.

15.  A crime or public offense is an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it, and to which is annexed, upon conviction, either of the following punishments:1. Death;2. Imprisonment;3. Fine;4. Removal from office; or,5. Disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit in this State.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 16 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 16.

16.  Crimes and public offenses include:1. Felonies;2. Misdemeanors; and3. Infractions.(Amended by Stats. 1968, Ch. 1192.)
CA Penal Code § 17.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 17.7.

17.7.  The Legislature finds and declares the following:(a) Strategies supporting reentering offenders through practices and programs, such as standardized risk and needs assessments, transitional community housing, treatment, medical and mental health services, and employment, have been demonstrated to significantly reduce recidivism among offenders in other states.(b) Improving outcomes among offenders reentering the community after serving time in a correctional facility will promote public safety and will reduce California’s prison and jail populations.(c) Establishing a California reentry program that encompasses strategies known to reduce recidivism warrants a vigorous short-term startup in the 2014–15 fiscal year using readily available resources in the community, and a comprehensive long-term development plan for future budget years designed to expand the availability, impact, and sustainability of these strategies as further community partnerships are identified and developed.(Added by Stats. 2014, Ch. 26, Sec. 11. (AB 1468) Effective June 20, 2014.)
CA Penal Code § 18 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 18.

18.  (a) Except in cases where a different punishment is prescribed by any law of this state, every offense declared to be a felony is punishable by imprisonment for 16 months, or two or three years in the state prison unless the offense is punishable pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.(b) Every offense which is prescribed by any law of the state to be a felony punishable by imprisonment or by a fine, but without an alternate sentence to the county jail for a period not exceeding one year, may be punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or by a fine, or by both.(Amended (as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 230) by Stats. 2011, 1st Ex. Sess., Ch. 12, Sec. 7. (AB 17 1x) Effective September 21, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 46 of Ch. 12.)
CA Penal Code § 18.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 18.5.

18.5.  (a) Every offense which is prescribed by any law of the state to be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail up to or not exceeding one year shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not to exceed 364 days. This section shall apply retroactively, whether or not the case was final as of January 1, 2015.(b) A person who was sentenced to a term of one year in county jail prior to January 1, 2015, may submit an application before the trial court that entered the judgment of conviction in the case to have the term of the sentence modified to the maximum term specified in subdivision (a).(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 789, Sec. 1. (SB 1242) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Penal Code § 19 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.

19.  Except in cases where a different punishment is prescribed by any law of this state, every offense declared to be a misdemeanor is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both.(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 1092, Sec. 231. Effective September 27, 1983. Operative January 1, 1984, by Sec. 427 of Ch. 1092.)
CA Penal Code § 19.2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.2.

19.2.  In no case shall any person sentenced to confinement in a county or city jail, or in a county or joint county penal farm, road camp, work camp, or other county adult detention facility, or committed to the sheriff for placement in any county adult detention facility, on conviction of a misdemeanor, or as a condition of probation upon conviction of either a felony or a misdemeanor, or upon commitment for civil contempt, or upon default in the payment of a fine upon conviction of either a felony or a misdemeanor, or for any reason except upon conviction of a crime that specifies a felony punishment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or a conviction of more than one offense when consecutive sentences have been imposed, be committed for a period in excess of one year; provided, however, that the time allowed on parole shall not be considered as a part of the period of confinement.(Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 231. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)
CA Penal Code § 19.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.4.

19.4.  When an act or omission is declared by a statute to be a public offense and no penalty for the offense is prescribed in any statute, the act or omission is punishable as a misdemeanor.(Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 897, Sec. 11.)
CA Penal Code § 19.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.6.

19.6.  An infraction is not punishable by imprisonment. A person charged with an infraction shall not be entitled to a trial by jury. A person charged with an infraction shall not be entitled to have the public defender or other counsel appointed at public expense to represent him or her unless he or she is arrested and not released on his or her written promise to appear, his or her own recognizance, or a deposit of bail.(Added by renumbering Section 19c by Stats. 1989, Ch. 897, Sec. 8.)
CA Penal Code § 19.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.7.

19.7.  Except as otherwise provided by law, all provisions of law relating to misdemeanors shall apply to infractions including, but not limited to, powers of peace officers, jurisdiction of courts, periods for commencing action and for bringing a case to trial and burden of proof.(Added by renumbering Section 19d by Stats. 1989, Ch. 897, Sec. 9.)
CA Penal Code § 19.8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.8.

19.8.  (a) The following offenses are subject to subdivision (d) of Section 17: Sections 193.8, 330, 415, 485, 490.7, 555, 602.13, and 853.7 of this code; subdivision (c) of Section 532b, and subdivision (o) of Section 602 of this code; subdivision (b) of Section 25658 and Sections 21672, 25661, and 25662 of the Business and Professions Code; Section 27204 of the Government Code; subdivision (c) of Section 23109 and Sections 5201.1, 12500, 14601.1, 27150.1, 40508, and 42005 of the Vehicle Code, and any other offense that the Legislature makes subject to subdivision (d) of Section 17. Except where a lesser maximum fine is expressly provided for a violation of those sections, a violation that is an infraction is punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred fifty dollars ($250).(b) Except in cases where a different punishment is prescribed, every offense declared to be an infraction is punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred fifty dollars ($250).(c) Except for the violations enumerated in subdivision (d) of Section 13202.5 of the Vehicle Code, and Section 14601.1 of the Vehicle Code based upon failure to appear, a conviction for an offense made an infraction under subdivision (d) of Section 17 is not grounds for the suspension, revocation, or denial of a license, or for the revocation of probation or parole of the person convicted.(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 303, Sec. 383. (AB 731) Effective January 1, 2016.)
CA Penal Code § 19.9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 19.9.

19.9.  For purposes of this code, “mandatory supervision” shall mean the portion of a defendant’s sentenced term during which time he or she is supervised by the county probation officer pursuant to subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (h) of Section 1170.(Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 43, Sec. 14. (SB 1023) Effective June 27, 2012.)
CA Penal Code § 20 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 20.

20.  In every crime or public offense there must exist a union, or joint operation of act and intent, or criminal negligence.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 21a (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 21a.

21a.  An attempt to commit a crime consists of two elements: a specific intent to commit the crime, and a direct but ineffectual act done toward its commission.(Added by Stats. 1986, Ch. 519, Sec. 1.)
CA Penal Code § 23 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 23.

23.  In any criminal proceeding against a person who has been issued a license to engage in a business or profession by a state agency pursuant to provisions of the Business and Professions Code or the Education Code, or the Chiropractic Initiative Act, the state agency which issued the license may voluntarily appear to furnish pertinent information, make recommendations regarding specific conditions of probation, or provide any other assistance necessary to promote the interests of justice and protect the interests of the public, or may be ordered by the court to do so, if the crime charged is substantially related to the qualifications, functions, or duties of a licensee.For purposes of this section, the term “license” shall include a permit or a certificate issued by a state agency.For purposes of this section, the term “state agency” shall include any state board, commission, bureau, or division created pursuant to the provisions of the Business and Professions Code, the Education Code, or the Chiropractic Initiative Act to license and regulate individuals who engage in certain businesses and professions.(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 545, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Penal Code § 24 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS|Section 24.

24.  This Act, whenever cited, enumerated, referred to, or amended, may be designated simply as The Penal Code, adding, when necessary, the number of the section.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 15001 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 5 - PEACE OFFICERS' MEMORIAL|Section 15001.

15001.  (a) The construction of a memorial to California peace officers on the grounds of the State Capitol is hereby authorized. For purposes of this part, the grounds of the State Capitol are that property in the City of Sacramento bounded by Ninth, Fifteenth, “L,” and “N” Streets. The actual site for the memorial shall be selected by the commission after consultation with the Department of General Services and the State Office of Historic Preservation.(b) Funds for the construction of the memorial shall be provided through private contributions for this purpose.(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 1518, Sec. 1.)
CA Penal Code § 15003 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 5 - PEACE OFFICERS' MEMORIAL|Section 15003.

15003.  Peace officer memorial ceremonies, including the dedication of the memorial and any subsequent ceremonies, shall be conducted by the California Peace Officers’ Memorial Foundation, Inc.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 86, Sec. 242. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Pub Cont Code § 100 (2021)
2021 California Code|Public Contract Code - PCC|DIVISION 1 - PURPOSE AND PRELIMINARY MATTERS|Section 100.

100.  The Legislature finds and declares that placing all public contract law in one code will make that law clearer and easier to find. Further, it is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this code to achieve the following objectives:(a) To clarify the law with respect to competitive bidding requirements.(b) To ensure full compliance with competitive bidding statutes as a means of protecting the public from misuse of public funds.(c) To provide all qualified bidders with a fair opportunity to enter the bidding process, thereby stimulating competition in a manner conducive to sound fiscal practices.(d) To eliminate favoritism, fraud, and corruption in the awarding of public contracts.(Amended by Stats. 1990, Ch. 485, Sec. 2.)
CA Pub Cont Code § 101 (2021)
2021 California Code|Public Contract Code - PCC|DIVISION 1 - PURPOSE AND PRELIMINARY MATTERS|Section 101.

101.  California public contract law should be efficient and the product of the best of modern practice and research.(Added by Stats. 1984, Ch. 42, Sec. 1.)
CA Pub Cont Code § 102 (2021)
2021 California Code|Public Contract Code - PCC|DIVISION 1 - PURPOSE AND PRELIMINARY MATTERS|Section 102.

102.  To encourage competition for public contracts and to aid public officials in the efficient administration of public contracting, to the maximum extent possible, for similar work performed for similar agencies, California’s public contract law should be uniform.(Added by Stats. 1984, Ch. 42, Sec. 1.)
CA Pub Res Code § 1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Public Resources Code - PRC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 1.

1.  This act shall be known as the Public Resources Code.(Enacted By Stats. 1939, Ch. 93.)
CA Pub Res Code § 2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Public Resources Code - PRC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 2.

2.  The provisions of this code, in so far as they are substantially the same as existing provisions relating to the same subject matter, shall be construed as restatements and continuations thereof and not as new enactments.(Enacted by Stats. 1939, Ch. 93.)
CA Pub Res Code § 3 (2021)
2021 California Code|Public Resources Code - PRC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 3.

3.  All persons who, at the time this code goes into effect, hold office under any of the acts repealed by this code, which offices are continued by this code, continue to hold the same according to the former tenure thereof.(Enacted by Stats. 1939, Ch. 93.)
CA Pub Res Code § 4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Public Resources Code - PRC|GENERAL PROVISIONS|Section 4.

4.  No action or proceeding commenced before this code takes effect, and no right accrued, is affected by the provisions of this code, but all procedure thereafter taken therein shall conform to the provisions of this code so far as possible.(Enacted by Stats. 1939, Ch. 93.)