reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 47-14a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14a - Joint tenancy in fee simple with survivorship.

 A conveyance of real estate or any interest therein by deed or will or other instrument of conveyance to two or more natural persons, among whom may be the grantor or grantors, in such form that the conveyance runs unto the grantees or devisees, whether as joint tenants or as tenants in common, and unto the survivor of them, or unto the survivor and survivors of them, and unto the last survivor's heirs and assigns, or in such form that the conveyance runs unto the grantees or devisees for their lives, or their joint lives, with a remainder or other interest limited to the survivor of them and to the last survivor's heirs and assigns, or in such form that the conveyance runs unto the grantees or devisees as joint tenants with right of survivorship, or in such form that the conveyance runs unto two grantees or devisees and to their heirs and assigns as tenants by the entirety, or in such form that the conveyance runs unto the grantees or devisees with the words “as joint tenants” added after their names, creates a joint tenancy in fee simple with right of survivorship added and the tenants holding under any such conveyance shall be known as joint tenants. The interests of the grantees under any such conveyance may be held by them in equal or unequal shares. Where words of inheritance are omitted as to any grantee therein except the survivor, any such conveyance otherwise legally sufficient and appropriate to convey any fee simple title to any grantee or person who becomes entitled thereto pursuant to this section and sections 47-14b to 47-14k, inclusive, by reason of any severance or otherwise, is fully effective to convey the title regardless of the omission.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 1; P.A. 79-602, S. 24; P.A. 84-70; P.A. 99-8.)History: P.A. 79-602 made minor changes in wording but made no substantive change; P.A. 84-70 included conveyance of real estate “in such form that the conveyance runs unto the grantees or devisees with the words ‘as joint tenants’ added after their names”; P.A. 99-8 added provision that interests of grantees may be held in equal or unequal shares.Mere omission of word “heirs” in grant in deed executed in 1948 held not sufficient to defeat otherwise clearly expressed intent to create fee, nor arbitrarily to reduce it to life estate. 149 C. 137. Joint tenant wife was entitled to exoneration of mortgage made by her husband on property he first owned as sole owner and later transferred to them jointly; his estate was liable for all the mortgage as the debt was incurred solely by the decedent. 158 C. 225. Cited. Id., 229; 204 C. 502.Cited. 32 CS 227.Although a 1956 instrument of conveyance contained no reference to the creation of a joint tenancy, it did contain some reference to survivorship; consequently, by virtue of statute, the court will hold that a joint tenancy was created. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 664, 668.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14b - Conveyance or encumbrance by joint tenants.

 Subject to the provisions of section 47-14e, joint tenants may, by an instrument executed by all of them, convey or encumber the estate they hold or any portion of it or interest in it in the same manner as if they held as tenants in common.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 2; P.A. 79-602, S. 25.)History: P.A. 79-602 rephrased section but made no substantive change.Cited. 204 C. 502.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14c - Conveyance by less than all joint tenants.

 Except as otherwise provided in sections 47-14a to 47-14k, inclusive, a conveyance of any interest or interests in any joint tenancy by less than all of the joint tenants to a person or persons other than one of the remaining joint tenants severs the joint tenancy as to the interest or interests so conveyed and the grantee or grantees thereof shall hold the interest or interests as tenant or tenants in common with the remaining joint tenant or tenants. When there is more than one such remaining joint tenant, the conveyance does not alter the character of the tenancy or its incidents among the remaining joint tenants.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 3; P.A. 79-602, S. 26.)History: P.A. 79-602 changed wording slightly but made no substantive change.Cited. 177 C. 22; 204 C. 502; 219 C. 36.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14d - Conveyance to one joint tenant by others.

 A release or other conveyance by all but one joint tenant to the one remaining joint tenant merges the entire estate in the releasee or grantee. When there is more than one such remaining joint tenant, a release or other conveyance by one or more joint tenants to all the remaining joint tenants makes the releasees or grantees joint tenants not only as to their former interests but also as to the interest or interests so released or conveyed, unless otherwise expressly provided in the release or conveyance. A release or other conveyance by one or more joint tenants to less than all the remaining joint tenants, or to some or all of the remaining joint tenants and a person or persons other than one of them, has the same effect as if the interest or interests so released or conveyed had been first conveyed to a stranger and by him conveyed to the releasees or grantees.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 4; P.A. 79-602, S. 27.)History: P.A. 79-602 rephrased provisions but made no substantive change.Cited. 204 C. 502.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14e - Mortgage or lease by joint tenants.

 A mortgage or lease executed by all of the joint tenants does not sever the joint tenancy but is valid according to its terms against the joint tenants and the survivor or survivors of them. A mortgage or lease executed by less than all of the joint tenants is a severance only to the extent that, upon the death of any joint tenant joining in the mortgage or lease, the mortgage or lease will continue to encumber the interest accruing to the surviving joint tenant or tenants by reason of that death.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 5; P.A. 79-602, S. 28.)History: P.A. 79-602 made minor changes in wording but no substantive changes.Wife, as joint tenant, had an individual interest in property capable of being leased and could be enjoined from leasing to another party where she had discriminated in refusal to rent to plaintiff under Sec. 53-36a (46a-91). 157 C. 20. Cited. 204 C. 502.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14f - Attachment of or lien on tenant's interest.

 During the life of any joint tenant his interest may be attached, made subject to a mechanic's lien, judgment lien or other lien authorized by law, or sold on execution, all in the same manner as if he held his interest as a tenant in common; provided, upon the death of any joint tenant owning that interest, the attachment or lien or execution, unless and until it becomes invalid or unenforceable for some reason other than that death, shall likewise continue valid and enforceable against that interest as and when it accrues to the surviving tenants or tenant by reason of that death, but it shall not otherwise affect the rights or interests of any of the joint tenants, nor prevent any severance from being effected by any appropriate act pertaining to the interest of any of the joint tenants.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 6; P.A. 79-602, S. 29.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “the” or “that” for “such” where appearing.Cited. 204 C. 502.Since the attachment of the interest of a joint tenant continues after his death, the settlement agreement between the lienor and the surviving tenant was not a “voluntary” assumption of the debt by her vis-a-vis those accommodated by the payment because until the payment was made, her interest would never be free. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 664, 668.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14g - Divorce or marriage dissolution of husband and wife joint tenants.

 Whenever a husband and wife are joint tenants in the same real estate, either together or in conjunction with others, a divorce or dissolution of the marriage, unless the divorce decree or decree of dissolution otherwise provides, severs their interests and converts them into tenants in common as to each other but not as to any remaining joint tenant or joint tenants. Such severance does not become effective as to any other persons until a certified copy of the decree or abstract of it, indicating the effective date of the divorce or dissolution, has been recorded in the land records of the town where the real estate is located.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 7; 1967, P.A. 276; P.A. 73-373, S. 32; P.A. 79-602, S. 30.)History: 1967 act rephrased for clarity and specified that severance is effective “as to any other persons until a certified copy of the decree or abstract thereof, indicating the effective date of such divorce, has been recorded in the land records”, replacing provision whereby severance was effective at the time “such divorce becomes absolute and provision authorizing divorced person or other interested person to file copy of decree in town's land records; P.A. 73-373 added references to dissolution of marriage; P.A. 79-602 rephrased provisions but made no substantive change.Cited. 178 C. 254; 204 C. 502.Cited. 28 CA 854; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 85.Cited. 28 CS 383; 42 CS 36.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14h - Provisions applicable to joint tenancies with survivorship.

 All provisions of existing statutes applicable to joint tenancies are applicable to joint tenancies with right of survivorship.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 8; P.A. 79-602, S. 31.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “are” for “shall be”.Cited. 204 C. 502; 224 C. 219.Cited. 29 CS 465.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14i (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14i - Effect of death on contract by tenant to convey interest.

 When any joint tenant enters into an enforceable contract to convey his interest, or a portion of his interest, severally or in conjunction with other joint tenants, and dies before the performance of the contract, such contract, to the extent that it would have been enforceable against the deceased joint tenant had he lived, shall be enforceable in rem against the interests accruing to the surviving joint tenant or joint tenants by reason of the death.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 9; P.A. 79-602, S. 32.)History: P.A. 79-602 made minor changes in wording.Cited. 204 C. 502.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14j - Conveyance to effect change in interests among tenants.

 Any change in the nature of the interests held by joint tenants which could be effected by a conveyance or conveyances to a stranger may be effected by an instrument executed with the formalities required for deeds by the joint tenant or tenants whose interests are involved. That instrument shall not be effective until it has been recorded on the land records of the town in which the real estate is located.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 10; P.A. 79-602, S. 33.)History: P.A. 79-602 rephrased provisions but made no substantive change.Cited. 204 C. 502.
CT Gen Stat § 47-14k (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-14k - Applicability of statutes.

 The provisions of sections 47-14a to 47-14j, inclusive, apply to any conveyance or devise creating a joint tenancy in the manner provided in section 47-14a made prior to and existing on June 29, 1959, except to the extent that the effect of the conveyance or devise after that date is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in an action requiring that determination and a lis pendens notice of the action and the purpose of it has been recorded within one year after that date in the land records of the town where the real estate concerned is located or, in the absence of such lis pendens, a certified copy of the judgment has been so recorded within said period of one year; unless a person claims those sections do not apply to the conveyance or devise and, within one year after June 29, 1959, records a notice defining his contrary claim in the land records of the town where the land affected by those sections is located.(1959, P.A. 677, S. 11; 1963, P.A. 637, S. 1; P.A. 79-602, S. 34.)History: 1963 act restated provisions for clarity, substituting conveyance or devise “creating a joint tenancy in the manner provided in section 47-14a” for conveyance or devise “within their terms”, i.e. terms of Secs. 47-14a to 47-14j; P.A. 79-602 made minor changes in wording.Cited. 204 C. 502.Assent to the applicability of Secs. 47-14a through 47-14j is presumed if the grantees do not take steps to indicate a contrary intent within a year of the effective date of the statute. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 664, 667.
CT Gen Stat § 47-15 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-15 - Certificate of taking land by appraisal to be recorded.

 When any land or interest therein, incorporeal hereditament or right to the use of water is taken by appraisal under proceedings on application or petition to any judge or court therefor, the applicant or petitioner shall, within thirty days after the appraisers have made their report or, if such report is made to a court, within thirty days after its final acceptance, file for record, in the town clerk's office of the town or towns in which such land or interest is situated, a certificate describing the land or interest, signed by the applicant or his attorney, which certificate shall be recorded by the town clerk in the land records of the town.(1949 Rev., S. 7098; P.A. 79-602, S. 41.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “the” for “such”.
CT Gen Stat § 47-16 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-16 - Lost deed of land in two or more towns, copy recorded.

 When any conveyance of land, situated in two or more towns, has been lost after being recorded in one or more of such towns, a certified copy of the record thereof may be recorded in the other towns; and, when so recorded, shall have the same effect as a record of the original instrument.(1949 Rev., S. 7099.)Cited. 228 C. 795; 237 C. 613.
CT Gen Stat § 47-16a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-16a - Recording of certified copy of deed or other instrument recorded in land records of another town.

 The town clerk of any town shall accept for recording any certified copy of a deed or other instrument affecting real property located in such town and recorded in the land records of another town, provided such copy is certified by the town clerk of the other town to be a true copy of the original deed or other instrument recorded in such other town. When such certified copy is so recorded, it shall have the same effect as a record of the original deed or other instrument.(P.A. 04-132, S. 1.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-17 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-17 - Records of documents as notice of equitable rights.

 An unacknowledged deed, and any instrument intended as a conveyance of land, but which by reason of a formal defect operates only as a conveyance of an equitable interest in such land, and any contract for the conveyance of land, or of any interest therein, and any instrument by which an equitable interest in land is created, in which such land is particularly described, may be recorded in the records of the town in which such land is situated; and such record shall be notice to all the world of the equitable interest thus created.(1949 Rev., S. 7100.)Unacknowledged lease for 15 years admissible to show that party was in possession claiming title. 1 D. 17. Recording of deed, defective in statute requisite, is not notice of its existence to third persons. 8 C. 549; 14 C. 135; 87 C. 369. Does not apply to personal property included in defectively witnessed mortgage of real estate. 102 C. 687. A claimed attorney's lien did not constitute “notice” under statute. 123 C. 374. Trust indenture held not a cloud on title. 125 C. 692.Cited. 26 CA 203.Essence of attorney's lien. 4 CS 505. A deed purporting to convey property is under a claim and color of right and equivalent to ouster of other claimants as to whom the grantor thereafter holds adversely. 15 CS 467.
CT Gen Stat § 47-18 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-18 - Ownership of historic memorials.

 The title and ownership of all memorials, tablets and markers, designating any historic place, or in commemoration of any historic event, whether upon public or private buildings, in public parks or cemeteries or upon private grounds, shall be vested in perpetuity in the society or association erecting or placing the same.(1949 Rev., S. 7101.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-18a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-18a - Notice of listing of historic structure on National Register of Historic Places.

 The record owner of any historic structure or landmark in this state which is listed or under consideration for listing on the National Register of Historic Places or is part of a district listed or under consideration for listing on said National Register, shall cause notice of such listing or consideration for listing upon the land records of the town in which such structure or landmark is located.(P.A. 82-367, S. 2.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-20 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-20 - Use of word “trustee” or “agent” in an instrument affecting real estate.

 The word “trustee” or “agent”, or the words “as trustee”, or words of similar meaning, following the name of the grantee in a duly executed and recorded instrument which conveys, transfers or assigns real estate or any interest therein, with or without the name of a cestui que trust or principal appearing and without any other language expressly limiting the powers, interest or estate of the grantee, do not, in the absence of a separate duly executed and recorded instrument defining the powers of the grantee, affect the right of the grantee to sell, mortgage or otherwise dispose of the real estate or interest therein in the same manner as if those words had not been used. No person to whom such real estate or interest therein has been transferred or mortgaged by such grantee is liable for the claim of any undisclosed beneficiary or principal or for the application of any money which may have been paid by such person therefor.(1949 Rev., S. 7103; 1969, P.A. 6; P.A. 79-602, S. 8.)History: 1969 act added references to “agent” and “mortgage” action; P.A. 79-602 restated provisions but made no substantive changes.Use of term “trustee” held to be a nullity. 147 C. 451. Section protects only the interests of third parties who obtain property by means of conveyance from a grantor who had received that property as trustee in the first instance and does not apply where conveyance to third-party grantee did not occur. 324 C. 277.
CT Gen Stat § 47-23 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-23 - Termination of parol leases for nonpayment of rent.

 Section 47-23 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7107; P.A. 76-95, S. 26, 27; 76-435, S. 75, 82.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-24b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-24b - Covenant that leased property is fit for habitation.

 Section 47-24b is repealed.(1969, P.A. 390; P.A. 76-95, S. 26, 27; 76-435, S. 75, 82.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-24d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-24d - Tenant's waiver of rights, when valid.

 Section 47-24d is repealed.(P.A. 73-238; P.A. 76-95, S. 26, 27; 76-435, S. 75, 82.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-25 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-25 - Right to light not gained by adverse possession.

 No occupant of real estate may acquire, by adverse occupation, the right to keep, sustain or enjoy any window or light, so as to prevent the owner of adjoining premises from erecting and maintaining any building thereon.(1949 Rev., S. 7109; P.A. 79-602, S. 55.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “may” for “shall”.When grant of light or air will be implied. 62 C. 383; 79 C. 401; 80 C. 497. Abutter on street has right to light, air and view from space over highway. 104 C. 619. Cited. 208 C. 256.
CT Gen Stat § 47-26 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821 - Land Titles|Section 47-26 - No right to railroad, railway or canal land by adverse possession.

 If the owner or occupant of any land adjoining any railroad or canal has, since June 10, 1831, taken into his enclosure any part of the land belonging to such railroad or canal, as located and established, or since that time has erected any building upon any such land; or, if any person takes into his enclosure any part of land belonging to a railway company within the limits of which such company has located an electric railway, or erects any building upon any part of such land, no adverse possession of the land so enclosed or built upon shall confer any title thereto.(1949 Rev., S. 7110.)Railroad may abandon right-of-way. 86 C. 275; 88 C. 515.