reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  8.5-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 8.5 - Household Goods Movers|Section 8.5-106 - Regulations

    The Department shall adopt regulations to carry out this title, including regulations establishing requirements and procedures for the registration of household goods movers and providing for the enforcement of this title.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  8.5-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 8.5 - Household Goods Movers|Section 8.5-107 - Civil Penalty

    The Department may impose on a person who violates this title a civil penalty not exceeding $5,000 for each violation.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-101 - Definitions

    (a)    In this title the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    (1)    “Trading stamp” means a stamp or other similar device issued in connection with the retail sale of goods or services, as a cash discount or for any other marketing purpose, that is redeemable for cash, goods, or services.        (2)    “Trading stamp” does not include a redeemable device that:            (i)    a manufacturer or packer of an article uses to advertise or sell the article; or            (ii)    a magazine, newspaper, or other publication issues and redeems.    (c)    “Trading stamp company” means a person who, in any way:        (1)    distributes trading stamps for retail issuance by others; or        (2)    redeems trading stamps for retailers.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-102 - Registration Required

    A person must be registered with the Secretary of State whenever the person does business as a trading stamp company in the State.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-103 - Statements of Registration

    (a)    On or before July 1 of each year, each trading stamp company shall:        (1)    submit to the Secretary of State:            (i)    a statement of registration;            (ii)    samples of its current trading stamps, trading stamp collection books, trading stamp redemption catalogues, and trading stamp distribution and redemption agreement forms;            (iii)    a short form of its balance sheet for its last fiscal year, certified by an independent certified public accountant; and            (iv)    a bond in accordance with § 13-104 of this title; and        (2)    pay to the Secretary of State a fee of $25.    (b)    The statement of registration shall include:        (1)    the name and principal address of the trading stamp company;        (2)    the state of its incorporation;        (3)    the names and addresses of its principal officers, partners, or owners;        (4)    the address of its principal office in the State;        (5)    the name and address of its principal officer, employee, or agent in the State;        (6)    the address of each place in the State where trading stamps will be redeemed; and        (7)    the gross income of the trading stamp company from its trading stamp business in the State for its last fiscal year, certified by an independent certified public accountant, unless it submits the maximum bond under § 13-104 of this title.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-104 - Bond

    (a)    The bond required by this subtitle shall be:        (1)    payable to the State;        (2)    conditioned that the trading stamp company shall redeem its trading stamps whenever rightful holders present them for redemption; and        (3)    executed by:            (i)    the trading stamp company; and            (ii)    a corporate surety qualified to do business in the State.    (b)    (1)    The amount of the bond shall be based on the gross income of the principal obligor from trading stamp business in the State during its last fiscal year.        (2)    The amount of the bond is:            (i)    $25,000, if the principal obligor has not previously done business in the State or if the gross income was not more than $250,000;            (ii)    $50,000, if the gross income was more than $250,000 but not more than $500,000;            (iii)    $75,000, if the gross income was more than $500,000 but not more than $750,000; and            (iv)    $100,000, if the gross income was more than $750,000.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-105 - Claims Against Bond

    (a)    (1)    If a trading stamp company fails to redeem its trading stamps, each rightful holder of its trading stamps may make a claim against the bond in accordance with this section.        (2)    For purposes of this section, a rightful holder includes a retailer that rightfully holds trading stamps for issuance to customers.    (b)    The claim shall be submitted to the Secretary of State within 3 months after the failure to redeem trading stamps.    (c)    (1)    The Secretary of State promptly shall determine whether the trading stamp company should have redeemed its trading stamps.        (2)    If the Secretary of State so determines, the Secretary of State shall notify the trading stamp company of that determination.    (d)    (1)    If the trading stamp company fails to redeem its trading stamps within 10 days after the notification, the Secretary of State shall publish notice of the failure in 3 consecutive issues of 1 or more newspapers that have general circulation in the State.        (2)    The notice shall state the time within which proofs of claim and the trading stamps on which they are based must be submitted to the Secretary of State.    (e)    Proofs of claim and the trading stamps on which they are based shall be submitted to the Secretary of State within 3 months after the first publication of the notice.    (f)    Promptly after the end of the 3-month period, the Secretary of State shall determine the validity of all claims.    (g)    The surety shall pay to the Secretary of State the lesser of:        (1)    the amount necessary to satisfy:            (i)    all valid claims; and            (ii)    reasonable administrative costs to determine and pay the claims; or        (2)    the amount of the bond.    (h)    The Secretary of State promptly shall:        (1)    distribute equitably to the claimants the proceeds of the bond, less reasonable administrative costs; and        (2)    destroy the trading stamps surrendered to the Secretary of State.    (i)    (1)    On the effective date of each new bond that a trading stamp company submits, all liability on earlier bonds ends.        (2)    A rightful holder who makes a claim under this section on or after that date shall make the claim only against the new bond.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-106 - Optional Redemption for Cash

    (a)    A trading stamp company may not do business as a trading stamp company in the State unless:        (1)    a rightful holder may redeem trading stamps for cash if the trading stamps have a total cash value of at least 25 cents; and        (2)    the cash redemption value of the trading stamps is at least equal to the highest cash redemption value that the trading stamp company offers in any other jurisdiction.    (b)    (1)    Each trading stamp collection book shall contain a notice that states:    “If the total cash value of your trading stamps is at least 25 cents, they may be redeemed for cash instead of goods.    The cash value of a filled book of trading stamps is at least $(cash value to be stated)”.        (2)    The notice shall be printed in 12 point or larger type on the inside front cover of the book.        (3)    The trading stamp company shall display the same notice conspicuously at each place where the trading stamp company redeems trading stamps.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-107 - Notice of Place for Redemption

    Each retailer shall display conspicuously at each place where the retailer issues trading stamps the address of the nearest place where the trading stamps may be redeemed.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-108 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-108 - End or Suspension of Redemption of Trading Stamps

    At least 90 days before a trading stamp company ends or suspends the redemption of trading stamps in the State, the trading stamp company shall:         (1)    notify the Secretary of State in writing of its intention to end or suspend the redemption of trading stamps; and        (2)    mail a copy of the notice to each retailer in the State that, within the previous 12 months, issued trading stamps that the trading stamp company is bound to redeem.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-109 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-109 - Fraud, False Representation, or Lottery Prohibited

    While doing business as a trading stamp company in the State, a trading stamp company may not:         (1)    commit fraud;        (2)    make a false representation; or        (3)    use a lottery.
MD. Business Regulation Code Ann. §  13-110 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Business Regulation|Title 13 - Trading Stamp Companies|Section 13-110 - Penalty

    A person who violates this title is guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction, is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-101 - Short Title

    This title may be cited as the Maryland Uniform Commercial Code - Letters of Credit.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-103 - Scope

    (a)    This title applies to letters of credit and to certain rights and obligations arising out of transactions involving letters of credit.    (b)    The statement of a rule in this title does not by itself require, imply, or negate application of the same or a different rule to a situation not provided for, or to a person not specified, in this title.    (c)    With the exception of this subsection, subsections (a) and (d) of this section, §§ 5–102(a)(9) and (10), 5–106(d), and 5–114(d) of this title, and except to the extent prohibited in §§ 1–302 and 5–117(d) of this article, the effect of this title may be varied by agreement or by a provision stated or incorporated by reference in an undertaking. A term in an agreement or undertaking generally excusing liability or generally limiting remedies for failure to perform obligations is not sufficient to vary obligations prescribed by this title.    (d)    Rights and obligations of an issuer to a beneficiary or a nominated person under a letter of credit are independent of the existence, performance, or nonperformance of a contract or arrangement out of which the letter of credit arises or which underlies it, including contracts or arrangements between the issuer and the applicant and between the applicant and the beneficiary.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-104 - Formal Requirements

    A letter of credit, confirmation, advice, transfer, amendment, or cancellation may be issued in any form that is a record and is authenticated (i) by a signature or (ii) in accordance with the agreement of the parties or the standard practice referred to in § 5-108(e) of this title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-105 - Consideration

    Consideration is not required to issue, amend, transfer, or cancel a letter of credit, advice, or confirmation.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-106 - Issuance, Amendment, Cancellation, and Duration

    (a)    A letter of credit is issued and becomes enforceable according to its terms against the issuer when the issuer sends or otherwise transmits it to the person requested to advise or to the beneficiary. A letter of credit is revocable only if it so provides.    (b)    After a letter of credit is issued, rights and obligations of a beneficiary, applicant, confirmer, and issuer are not affected by an amendment or cancellation to which that person has not consented except to the extent the letter of credit provides that it is revocable or that the issuer may amend or cancel the letter of credit without that consent.    (c)    If there is no stated expiration date or other provision that determines its duration, a letter of credit expires 1 year after its stated date of issuance or, if none is stated, after the date on which it is issued.    (d)    A letter of credit that states that it is perpetual expires 5 years after its stated date of issuance, or if none is stated, after the date on which it is issued.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-107 - Confirmer, Nominated Person, and Adviser

    (a)    A confirmer is directly obligated on a letter of credit and has the rights and obligations of an issuer to the extent of its confirmation. The confirmer also has rights against and obligations to the issuer as if the issuer were an applicant and the confirmer had issued the letter of credit at the request and for the account of the issuer.    (b)    A nominated person who is not a confirmer is not obligated to honor or otherwise give value for a presentation.    (c)    A person requested to advise may decline to act as an adviser. An adviser that is not a confirmer is not obligated to honor or give value for a presentation. An adviser undertakes to the issuer and to the beneficiary accurately to advise the terms of the letter of credit, confirmation, amendment, or advice received by that person and undertakes to the beneficiary to check the apparent authenticity of the request to advise. Even if the advice is inaccurate, the letter of credit, confirmation, or amendment is enforceable as issued.    (d)    A person who notifies a transferee beneficiary of the terms of a letter of credit, confirmation, amendment, or advice has the rights and obligations of an adviser under subsection (c) of this section. The terms in the notice to the transferee beneficiary may differ from the terms in any notice to the transferor beneficiary to the extent permitted by the letter of credit, confirmation, amendment, or advice received by the person who so notifies.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-109 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-109 - Fraud and Forgery

    (a)    If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly to comply with the terms and conditions of the letter of credit, but a required document is forged or materially fraudulent, or honor of the presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant:        (1)    The issuer shall honor the presentation, if honor is demanded by (i) a nominated person who has given value in good faith and without notice of forgery or material fraud, (ii) a confirmer who has honored its confirmation in good faith, (iii) a holder in due course of a draft drawn under the letter of credit which was taken after acceptance by the issuer or nominated person, or (iv) an assignee of the issuer’s or nominated person’s deferred obligation that was taken for value and without notice of forgery or material fraud after the obligation was incurred by the issuer or nominated person; and        (2)    The issuer, acting in good faith, may honor or dishonor the presentation in any other case.    (b)    If an applicant claims that a required document is forged or materially fraudulent or that honor of the presentation would facilitate a material fraud by the beneficiary on the issuer or applicant, a court of competent jurisdiction may temporarily or permanently enjoin the issuer from honoring a presentation or grant similar relief against the issuer or other persons only if the court finds that:        (1)    The relief is not prohibited under the law applicable to an accepted draft or deferred obligation incurred by the issuer;        (2)    A beneficiary, issuer, or nominated person who may be adversely affected is adequately protected against loss that it may suffer because the relief is granted;        (3)    All of the conditions to entitle a person to the relief under the law of this State have been met; and        (4)    On the basis of the information submitted to the court, the applicant is more likely than not to succeed under its claim of forgery or material fraud and the person demanding honor does not qualify for protection under subsection (a)(1) of this section.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-110 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-110 - Warranties

    (a)    If its presentation is honored, the beneficiary warrants:        (1)    To the issuer, any other person to whom presentation is made, and the applicant that there is no fraud or forgery of the kind described in § 5-109(a) of this title; and        (2)    To the applicant that the drawing does not violate any agreement between the applicant and beneficiary or any other agreement intended by them to be augmented by the letter of credit.    (b)    The warranties in subsection (a) of this section are in addition to warranties arising under Titles 3, 4, 7, and 8 of this article because of the presentation or transfer of documents covered by any of those titles.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-111 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-111 - Remedies

    (a)    If an issuer wrongfully dishonors or repudiates its obligation to pay money under a letter of credit before presentation, the beneficiary, successor, or nominated person presenting on its own behalf may recover from the issuer the amount that is the subject of the dishonor or repudiation. If the issuer’s obligation under the letter of credit is not for the payment of money, the claimant may obtain specific performance or, at the claimant’s election, recover an amount equal to the value of performance from the issuer. In either case, the claimant may also recover incidental but not consequential damages. The claimant is not obligated to take action to avoid damages that might be due from the issuer under this subsection. If, although not obligated to do so, the claimant avoids damages, the claimant’s recovery from the issuer must be reduced by the amount of damages avoided. The issuer has the burden of proving the amount of damages avoided. In the case of repudiation the claimant need not present any document.    (b)    If an issuer wrongfully dishonors a draft or demand presented under a letter of credit or honors a draft or demand in breach of its obligation to the applicant, the applicant may recover damages resulting from the breach, including incidental but not consequential damages, less any amount saved as a result of the breach.    (c)    If an adviser or nominated person other than a confirmer breaches an obligation under this article or an issuer breaches an obligation not covered in subsection (a) or (b) of this section, a person to whom the obligation is owed may recover damages resulting from the breach, including incidental but not consequential damages, less any amount saved as a result of the breach. To the extent of the confirmation, a confirmer has the liability of an issuer specified in this subsection and subsections (a) and (b) of this section.    (d)    An issuer, nominated person, or adviser who is found liable under subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section shall pay interest on the amount owed thereunder from the date of wrongful dishonor or other appropriate date.    (e)    Reasonable attorney’s fees and other expenses of litigation must be awarded to the prevailing party in an action in which a remedy is sought under this title.    (f)    Damages that would otherwise be payable by a party for breach of an obligation under this title may be liquidated by agreement or undertaking, but only in an amount or by a formula that is reasonable in light of the harm anticipated.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-112 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-112 - Transfer of Letter of Credit

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in § 5-113 of this title, unless a letter of credit provides that it is transferable, the right of a beneficiary to draw or otherwise demand performance under a letter of credit may not be transferred.    (b)    Even if a letter of credit provides that it is transferable, the issuer may refuse to recognize or carry out a transfer if:        (1)    The transfer would violate applicable law; or        (2)    The transferor or transferee has failed to comply with any requirement stated in the letter of credit or any other requirement relating to transfer imposed by the issuer which is within the standard practice referred to in § 5-108(e) of this title or is otherwise reasonable under the circumstances.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  5-113 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 5 - Letters of Credit|Section 5-113 - Transfer by Operation of Law

    (a)    A successor of a beneficiary may consent to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive payment or other items of value in the name of the beneficiary without disclosing its status as a successor.    (b)    A successor of a beneficiary may consent to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive payment or other items of value in its own name as the disclosed successor of the beneficiary. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, an issuer shall recognize a disclosed successor of a beneficiary as beneficiary in full substitution for its predecessor upon compliance with the requirements for recognition by the issuer of a transfer of drawing rights by operation of law under the standard practice referred to in § 5-108(e) of this title or, in the absence of such a practice, compliance with other reasonable procedures sufficient to protect the issuer.    (c)    An issuer is not obliged to determine whether a purported successor is a successor of a beneficiary or whether the signature of a purported successor is genuine or authorized.    (d)    Honor of a purported successor’s apparently complying presentation under subsection (a) or (b) of this section has the consequences specified in § 5-108(i) of this title even if the purported successor is not the successor of a beneficiary. Documents signed in the name of the beneficiary or of a disclosed successor by a person who is neither the beneficiary nor the successor of the beneficiary are forged documents for the purposes of § 5-109 of this title.    (e)    An issuer whose rights of reimbursement are not covered by subsection (d) of this section or substantially similar law and any confirmer or nominated person may decline to recognize a presentation under subsection (b) of this section.    (f)    A beneficiary whose name is changed after the issuance of a letter of credit has the same rights and obligations as a successor of a beneficiary under this section.