reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 59.1-207.43 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 17.7 - Comparison Price Advertising Act|§ 59.1-207.43. Use of certain terms in advertising former or comparison prices

A. No supplier shall advertise a former or comparison price in terms of "market value," "valued at" or words of similar import unless such price is the price at which the goods or services, or goods or services of substantially the same kind, quality or quantity, are offered for sale by a reasonable number of suppliers in the supplier's trade area.B. A supplier may advertise a former or comparison price in terms of "manufacturer's suggested price," "suggested retail price," "list price," or words of similar import provided that, with regard to such advertising, the use of the former or comparison price complies with 15 U.S.C. § 45 (a) (1) and the regulations of the Federal Trade Commission adopted thereunder.1992, c. 768.
VA Code § 59.1-207.44 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 17.7 - Comparison Price Advertising Act|§ 59.1-207.44. Enforcement; penalties

Any violation of this chapter shall constitute a prohibited practice under the provisions of § 59.1-200 and shall be subject to the enforcement provisions of Chapter 17 (§ 59.1-196 et seq.). It shall be the responsibility of any supplier who uses a comparison price to be able to substantiate the basis for any price comparisons made by the supplier. Upon the request of the Attorney General, any attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney of any county, city, or town, a supplier shall provide documentation to substantiate the basis for any comparison price utilized by the supplier in any advertisement governed by this chapter. No provision of this chapter shall be construed to apply to any supplier whose advertising practices are governed by § 46.2-1581.1992, c. 768; 2012, cc. 803, 835.
VA Code § 59.1-207.45 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 17.8 - Automatic Renewal Offers and Continuous Service Offers|§ 59.1-207.45. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Automatic renewal" means a plan or arrangement in which a paid subscription or purchasing agreement is automatically renewed at the end of a definite term for a subsequent term."Automatic renewal offer terms" means the following clear and conspicuous disclosures:1. That the subscription or purchasing agreement will continue until the consumer cancels;2. The description of the cancellation policy that applies to the offer;3. The recurring charges that will be charged to the consumer's credit or debit card or payment account with a third party as part of the automatic renewal plan or arrangement and that the amount of the charge may change, if that is the case, and the amount to which the charge will change, if known;4. The length of the automatic renewal term or that the service is continuous, unless the length of the term is chosen by the consumer; and5. The minimum purchase obligation, if any."Clear and conspicuous" or "clearly and conspicuously" means in larger type than the surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of the same size, or set off from the surrounding text of the same size by symbols or other marks, in a manner that clearly calls attention to the language. In the case of an audio disclosure, "clear and conspicuous" or "clearly and conspicuously" means in a volume and cadence sufficient to be readily audible and understandable."Consumer" means any individual who seeks or acquires, by purchase or lease, any goods, services, money, or credit for personal, family, or household purposes."Continuous service" means a plan or arrangement in which a subscription or purchasing agreement continues until the consumer cancels the service."Supplier" has the same meaning ascribed thereto in § 59.1-198.2018, c. 704.
VA Code § 59.1-207.46 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 17.8 - Automatic Renewal Offers and Continuous Service Offers|§ 59.1-207.46. Making automatic renewal or continuous service offer to consumer; affirmative consent required; disclosures; prohibited conduct

A. No supplier making an automatic renewal or continuous service offer to a consumer in the Commonwealth shall do any of the following:1. Fail to present the automatic renewal offer terms or continuous service offer terms in a clear and conspicuous manner before the consumer becomes obligated on the automatic renewal or continuous service offer and in visual proximity, or in the case of an offer conveyed by voice, in temporal proximity, to the request for consent to the offer.2. Charge the consumer's credit or debit card or the consumer's account with a third party for an automatic renewal or continuous service without first obtaining the consumer's affirmative consent to the agreement containing the automatic renewal offer terms or continuous service offer terms.3. Fail to provide an acknowledgment that includes the automatic renewal or continuous service offer terms, cancellation policy, and information regarding how to cancel in a manner that is capable of being retained by the consumer. If the offer includes a free trial, the supplier shall also disclose in the acknowledgment how to cancel and allow the consumer to cancel before the consumer pays or becomes obligated to pay for the goods or services.B. A supplier making automatic renewal or continuous service offers shall provide a toll-free telephone number, an electronic mail address, a postal address only when the supplier directly bills the consumer, or another cost-effective, timely, and easy-to-use mechanism for cancellation that shall be described in the acknowledgment specified in subdivision A 3.C. In the case of a material change in the terms of the automatic renewal or continuous service offer that has been accepted by a consumer in the Commonwealth, the supplier shall provide the consumer with a clear and conspicuous notice of the material change and provide information regarding how to cancel in a manner that is capable of being retained by the consumer.D. The requirements of this section shall apply only prior to the completion of the initial order for the automatic renewal or continuous service, except:1. The requirement in subdivision A 3 may be fulfilled after completion of the initial order; and2. The requirement in subsection C shall be fulfilled prior to implementation of the material change.2018, c. 704.
VA Code § 59.1-207.47 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 17.8 - Automatic Renewal Offers and Continuous Service Offers|§ 59.1-207.47. When goods, wares, merchandise, or products deemed a gift

In any case in which a supplier sends any goods, wares, merchandise, or products to a consumer under a continuous service agreement or automatic renewal of a purchase without first obtaining the consumer's affirmative consent as described in § 59.1-207.46, the goods, wares, merchandise, or products shall for all purposes be deemed an unconditional gift to the consumer, who may use or dispose of the same in any manner he sees fit without any obligation whatsoever on the consumer's part to the supplier, including any obligation or responsibility for shipping any goods, wares, merchandise, or products to the supplier.2018, c. 704.
VA Code § 59.1-207.48 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 17.8 - Automatic Renewal Offers and Continuous Service Offers|§ 59.1-207.48. Exemptions

This chapter shall not apply to:1. Any service provided by a supplier or its affiliate where either the supplier or its affiliate is doing business pursuant to a franchise issued by a political subdivision of the Commonwealth or a license, franchise, certificate, or other authorization issued by the State Corporation Commission to a public service company or public utility pursuant to Title 56;2. Any service provided by a supplier or its affiliate where either the supplier or its affiliate is regulated by the State Corporation Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;3. Alarm company operators that are regulated pursuant to § 15.2-911;4. A bank, bank holding company, or the subsidiary or affiliate of either, or a credit union or other financial institution, licensed under federal or state law;5. Any home protection company regulated by the State Corporation Commission pursuant to Chapter 26 (§ 38.2-2600 et seq.) of Title 38.2;6. Any home service contract provider regulated by the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services pursuant to Chapter 33.1 (§ 59.1-434.1 et seq.); or7. Any health club registered pursuant to the Virginia Health Club Act (59.1-294 et seq.).2018, c. 704.
VA Code § 59.1-207.49 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 17.8 - Automatic Renewal Offers and Continuous Service Offers|§ 59.1-207.49. Enforcement; penalties

Any violation of this chapter shall constitute a prohibited practice under the provisions of § 59.1-200 and shall be subject to the enforcement provisions of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (§ 59.1-196 et seq.). However, if a supplier makes a good faith effort to comply with the requirements of this chapter, the supplier shall not be subject to either a civil penalty under § 59.1-206 or damages under § 59.1-204.2018, c. 704.
VA Code § 59.1-208 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18 - Regulation of Invention Development Services|§ 59.1-208. Definitions

As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the following meanings, unless a different meaning clearly appears from the context:1. "Contract for invention development services" means a contract by which an invention developer undertakes invention development services for a customer.2. "Customer" means any person, firm, partnership, corporation, or other entity that enters into a contract for invention development services with an invention developer.3. "Invention development" means the evaluation, perfection, marketing, brokering, or promotion of an invention by an invention developer, including a patent search, preparation of a patent application, or any other act done by an invention developer for consideration toward the end of procuring or attempting to procure a license, buyer or patent for an invention, but shall not include those acts undertaken by attorneys in the practice of their profession, other persons duly registered to practice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or persons rendering services to such attorneys or registered persons.4. "Invention developer" means any person, firm, partnership, corporation, and any agent, employee, officer, partner or independent contractor thereof, that advertises invention development services in media of general circulation or that contracts with customers procured as a result of such advertisement.5. "Invention development service" means acts of invention development required or promised to be performed, or actually performed, or both, by an invention developer for a customer.6. "Invention" means a discovery, process, machine, design, formulation, product, concept or idea or any combination thereof.1977, c. 649.
VA Code § 59.1-209 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18 - Regulation of Invention Development Services|§ 59.1-209. Contracting requirements

A. Every contract for invention development services shall be in writing and shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter. A copy of the written contract shall be given to the customer at the time he signs the contract.B. If it is the invention developer's normal practice to seek more than one contract in connection with an invention, or if the invention developer normally seeks to perform services in connection with an invention in more than one phase with the performance of each phase covered in one or more subsequent contracts, at the time the customer signs the first contract, the invention developer shall so state in writing and shall supply to the customer such writing together with a written summary of the developer's normal terms, if any, of such subsequent contracts, including the amount of the developer's normal fees or other consideration, if any, that may be required from the customer.C. Notwithstanding any contractual provision to the contrary, no payment for invention development services shall be required, made or received until the expiration of a four-working-day period commencing on the date on which the customer receives a copy of the contract for invention development services signed by the invention developer. Delivery of a promissory note, check, bill of exchange or negotiable instrument of any kind to the invention developer or to a third party, irrespective of the date or dates appearing on such instrument, shall be deemed payment for the purpose of this section.D. Until the payment specified in this section is made, the parties shall have the option to terminate the contract, which option may be exercised as follows: (i) the customer may exercise the option by refraining from making payment to the invention developer, (ii) the invention developer may exercise the option to terminate by giving to the customer a written notice of its exercise of the option, which written notice shall become effective upon receipt thereof by the customer.1977, c. 649.
VA Code § 59.1-210 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18 - Regulation of Invention Development Services|§ 59.1-210. Standard provisions for cover notice

Every contract for invention development services shall have a conspicuous and legible cover sheet attached with the following notice imprinted thereon in boldface type of not less than 10-point size:1. "This contract between you and an invention developer is regulated by Chapter 18 (§ 59.1-208 et seq.) of Title 59.1. You are not permitted or required to make any payments under this contract until four working days after you sign this contract and receive a completed copy of it."2. A statement that the contract is a fee-for-service contract and that the invention developer makes no guarantees as to the success of the invention.3. Information as to how a customer who feels that his rights have been violated pursuant to this chapter may lodge a complaint with the Consumer Protection Division at the Office of the Attorney General, including the Division's telephone number and directions as to how to file an online consumer complaint.Such cover sheet shall contain only the notice required by this section.1977, c. 649; 2014, c. 759.
VA Code § 59.1-211 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18 - Regulation of Invention Development Services|§ 59.1-211. Interest in inventions prohibited

No invention developer shall acquire any interest, partial or whole, in the title to the customer's invention or patent rights, unless the invention developer contracts to manufacture the invention and acquires such interest for such purpose at or about the time the contract for manufacture is executed. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit an invention developer from receiving a portion of any proceeds accruing to the customer as a result of performance of invention development services by the invention developer.1977, c. 649.
VA Code § 59.1-212 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18 - Regulation of Invention Development Services|§ 59.1-212. Reports to customer required

With respect to every contract for invention development services, the invention developer shall deliver to the customer at the address specified in the contract at least at quarterly intervals throughout the term of the contract a written report which identifies the contract and which includes:1. A full, clear and concise description of the services performed to the date of the report and of the services yet to be performed; and2. A full accounting of the application of the proceeds of the fee referred to in subdivision 6 of § 59.1-213 to the date of the report; and3. The name and address of each and every person, firm or corporation to whom the subject matter of the contract has been disclosed, the reason for each and every disclosure, and copies of all responses received as a result of such disclosures.1977, c. 649.
VA Code § 59.1-214 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18 - Regulation of Invention Development Services|§ 59.1-214. Remedies

A. Any contract for invention development services which does not substantially comply with the applicable provisions of this chapter may be voidable at the option of the customer. Any contract for invention development services entered into in reliance upon any false, fraudulent or misleading information, representation, notice or advertisement of the invention developer may be voidable at the option of the customer. Any waiver by the customer of any of the provisions of this chapter shall be deemed contrary to public policy and shall be void and unenforceable.B. In addition, any customer who has been injured by a violation of this chapter by an invention developer or by any false or fraudulent statement, representation or omission of material fact by an invention developer, or by failure of an invention developer to make all the disclosures required by this chapter, may recover in a civil action against the invention developer, in addition to reasonable costs and attorneys' fees, the greater of: (i) $1,000, or (ii) the amount of actual damages, if any, sustained by the customer.C. For the purpose of this section, substantial violation of any provision of this chapter by an invention developer or execution by the customer of a contract for invention development services in reliance on any such false or fraudulent statements, representations, or material omissions shall establish a rebuttable presumption of injury.1977, c. 649.
VA Code § 59.1-215 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18 - Regulation of Invention Development Services|§ 59.1-215. Enforcement; civil penalty; restraint of violations

A. For the purpose of enforcing this chapter, the Attorney General is hereby authorized to conduct investigations and hold hearings and compel the attendance of witnesses and the production of accounts, books and documents by the issuance of subpoenas.B. The Attorney General shall enforce the provisions of this chapter, and shall have the right to recover a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each and every violation of any provisions of this chapter, and to seek equitable relief to restrain any such violation.1977, c. 649; 2014, c. 759.
VA Code § 59.1-215.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18.1 - Bad Faith Assertions of Patent Infringement|§ 59.1-215.1. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Assertion of patent infringement" means (i) sending or delivering a demand letter to a target; (ii) threatening a target with litigation asserting, alleging, or claiming that the target has engaged in patent infringement; (iii) sending or delivering a demand letter to the customers of a target; or (iv) otherwise making claims or allegations, other than those made in litigation against a target, that a target has engaged in patent infringement or that a target should obtain a license to a patent in order to avoid litigation."Demand letter" means a letter, email, or other communication asserting, alleging, or claiming that the target has engaged in patent infringement, or that a target should obtain a license to a patent in order to avoid litigation, or any similar assertion."Patent infringement" means any conduct that constitutes infringement pursuant to applicable law, including 35 U.S.C. § 271, as amended."Target" means a person residing in, conducting substantial business in, or having its principal place of business in the Commonwealth and with respect to whom an assertion of patent infringement is made.2014, cc. 810, 819.
VA Code § 59.1-215.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18.1 - Bad Faith Assertions of Patent Infringement|§ 59.1-215.2. Bad faith assertions of patent infringement

A. A person shall not make, in bad faith, an assertion of patent infringement.B. The following shall constitute indicia that a person's assertion of patent infringement was made in bad faith:1. The demand letter does not contain:a. The number of the patent that is asserted, alleged, or claimed to have been infringed; orb. The name and address of the patent's owner or owners and assignee or assignees, if any.2. The person sends a demand letter to a target without first making a reasonable effort under the circumstances to conduct an analysis comparing the claims in the patent to the target's products, services, and technology, or to identify specific areas in which the products, services, or technology are covered by the claims in the patent.3. The demand letter does not identify specific areas in which the products, services, and technology are covered by the claims in the patent.4. The person offers to license the patent for an amount that is not based on a reasonable estimation of the value of a license to the patent.5. The person making an assertion of patent infringement acts in subjective bad faith, or a reasonable actor in the person's position would know or reasonably should know that such assertion is baseless.6. The assertion of patent infringement is deceptive, or the person threatens legal action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken.7. The person or its subsidiaries or affiliates have previously filed or threatened to file one or more lawsuits based on the same or similar assertion of patent infringement, the person attempted to enforce the assertion of patent infringement in litigation, and a court found the assertion to be objectively baseless or imposed sanctions for the assertion.8. The patent alleged to be infringed was not in force at the time the allegedly infringing conduct occurred, or the patent claims alleged to be infringed have previously been held to be invalid.C. The following shall constitute indicia that a person's assertion of patent infringement was not made in bad faith, but the absence of such indicia shall not constitute evidence of bad faith:1. The person engages in a reasonable effort under the circumstances to establish that the target has infringed the patent and to negotiate an appropriate remedy.2. The person makes a substantial investment in the use of the patent or in the development, production, or sale of a product or item covered by the patent.3. The person has:a. Demonstrated good faith in previous efforts to enforce the patent or a substantially similar patent; orb. Successfully enforced the patent, or a substantially similar patent, through litigation.4. The person is an institution of higher education or a technology transfer office organization owned by or affiliated with an institution of higher education.D. The lists of indicia in this section are non-exclusive, and all indicia need not be present for a finding of bad faith or good faith.2014, cc. 810, 819.
VA Code § 59.1-215.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 18.1 - Bad Faith Assertions of Patent Infringement|§ 59.1-215.4. Exemptions

A demand letter or assertion of patent infringement that includes a claim for relief arising under 35 U.S.C. § 271 (e)(2) or 42 U.S.C. § 262 shall not be subject to the provisions of this chapter.2014, cc. 810, 819.
VA Code § 59.1-216 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 19 - Horse Racing and Pari-Mutuel Betting|§ 59.1-216. Defeated at referendum

Defeated at referendum.
VA Code § 59.1-255 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 20 - Virginia Motion Picture Fair Competition Act|§ 59.1-255. Short title

This chapter may be known and cited as the "Virginia Motion Picture Fair Competition Act."1978, c. 764.