reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 24-10-1004 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 10 - Best Evidence Rule|§ 24-10-1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents of a Writing, Recording, or Photograph

 The original shall not be required and other evidence of the contents of a writing, recording, or photograph shall be admissible if:    All originals are lost or have been destroyed, unless the proponent lost or destroyed them in bad faith;   No original can be obtained by any available judicial process or procedure;   At a time when an original was under the control of the party against whom offered, that party was put on notice, by the pleadings or otherwise, that the contents would be a subject of proof at the hearing, and that party does not produce the original at the hearing; or   The writing, recording, or photograph is not closely related to a controlling issue.     (Code 1981, §24-10-1004, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Recording lost or destroyed deeds, see § 44-2-12.   Admissibility of other evidence of content, Fed. R. Evid. 1004.   Law reviews.   - For comment on Mitchell v. United States, 214 Ga. 473, 105 S.E.2d 337 (1958), see 21 Ga. B.J. 553 (1959).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Inaccessibility   Diligence   Application    OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, opinions under former Code 1933, §§ 38-620 and 38-621, are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Correction of records.   - Clerk may not correct a misnomer in a marriage record but, when the record was incorrectly made, the clerk may rerecord the certificate just as the certificate was, with the additional recording of the affidavits attached to the certificate, and cross-index the original record and the new one. 1945-47 Op. Att'y Gen. p. 86 (decided under former Code 1933, §§ 38-620 and 38-621).   Indictment.   - Clerk's certification that the indictment was lost was not sufficient replacement for a certified copy of the actual indictment. 1970 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 70-61 (decided under former Code 1933, §§ 38-620 and 38-621).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 29 Am. Jur. 2d, Evidence, § 453.   29A Am. Jur. 2d, Evidence, § 1066.   C.J.S.   - 32A C.J.S., Evidence, §§ 1040, 1049 et seq., 1089 et seq., 1098 et seq.   ALR.    - Meaning of "duplicate," 24 A.L.R. 1209.    Admissibility in evidence of audit or testimony of auditor or accountant, 52 A.L.R. 1266.    Admissibility of secondary evidence of incriminating document in possession of defendant, 67 A.L.R. 77.   Carbon copies of letters or other written instruments as evidence, 65 A.L.R.2d 342.   Photographic representation or photostat of writing as primary or secondary evidence within best evidence rule, 76 A.L.R.2d 1356.   Modern status of rules as to use of motion in limine or similar preliminary motion to secure exclusion of prejudicial evidence or reference to prejudicial matters, 63 A.L.R.3d 311.   Application of best evidence rule to electronic evidence, including text messages and e-mail, 12 A.L.R.7th 1.
GA Code § 24-10-1006 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 10 - Best Evidence Rule|§ 24-10-1006. Summaries

 The contents of otherwise admissible voluminous writings, recordings, or photographs which cannot conveniently be examined in court may be presented in the form of a chart, summary, or calculation. The originals, or duplicates, shall be made available for examination or copying, or both, by other parties at a reasonable time and place. The court may order that the contents of such writings, recordings, or photographs be produced in court.    (Code 1981, §24-10-1006, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Summaries to prove content, Fed. R. Evid. 1006.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, decisions under former Code 1933, §§ 38-203, 38-205, and former O.C.G.A. § 24-5-29 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Summary of accounting book entries.    - When pertinent and essential facts can be ascertained only by an examination of a large number of entries in books of account, an auditor or an expert accountant who has made an examination and analysis of the books and figures may testify as a witness and give summarized statements of what the books show as a result of the investigation, provided the books themselves are accessible to the court and the parties. Stewart v. State, 246 Ga. 70, 268 S.E.2d 906 (1980) (decided under former Code 1933, §§ 38-203, 38-205); Jackson v. Meadows, 157 Ga. App. 569, 278 S.E.2d 8 (1981);.    For a discussion of the admissibility of summaries of business records, see Tyner v. Sheriff, 164 Ga. App. 360, 297 S.E.2d 114 (1982) (decided under former O.C.G.A. § 24-5-29).   Loan history report properly admitted.    - Trial court properly admitted the bank's loan history report as a business record because the report provided a description of each transaction relating to the estate's loan from the loan's inception, along with a corresponding posting date for each transaction, the transaction amount, and any change to the principal balance resulting from the transaction, and was not a summary. Roberts v. Cmty. & S. Bank, 331 Ga. App. 364, 771 S.E.2d 68 (2015).   Bank's computer screen shot insufficient proof of damages in loan case.    - In an action on a loan, a bank did not submit sufficient evidence to prove the bank's damages because a printout of the bank's electronic records reflecting the amounts then owed, without a detailed transaction history, was a summary requiring evidence that the underlying records were too voluminous to examine in court pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 24-10-1006, not a business record under O.C.G.A. § 24-8-803(6). D'Agnese v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 335 Ga. App. 659, 782 S.E.2d 714 (2016).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Requirement of notice as condition for admission in evidence of summary of voluminous records, 80 A.L.R.3d 405.
GA Code § 24-10-1007 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 10 - Best Evidence Rule|§ 24-10-1007. Testimony or Written Admission of Party

 The contents of writings, recordings, or photographs may be proved by the testimony or deposition of the party against whom offered or by that party's written admission, without accounting for the nonproduction of the original.    (Code 1981, §24-10-1007, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Testimony or a statement of a party to prove content, Fed. R. Evid. 1007.   Law reviews.   - For article, "Dancing with the Big Boys: Georgia Adopts (most of) the Federal Rules of Evidence," see 63 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (2011).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Specific Writings Produced Under Notice    RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Production, in response to call therefor by adverse party, of document otherwise inadmissible in evidence, as making it admissible, 151 A.L.R. 1006.
GA Code § 24-10-1008 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 24 - Evidence|Chapter 10 - Best Evidence Rule|§ 24-10-1008. Functions of Court and Jury

 When the admissibility of other evidence of the contents of writings, recordings, or photographs under the rules of evidence depends upon the fulfillment of a condition of fact, the question of whether the condition has been fulfilled is ordinarily for the court to determine in accordance with the provisions of Code Section 24-1-104; provided, however, that when an issue is raised as to:    Whether the asserted writing, recording, or photograph ever existed;   Whether another writing, recording, or photograph produced at the trial is the original; or   Whether other evidence of the contents correctly reflects the contents,  the issue is for the trier of fact to determine as in the case of other issues of fact.      (Code 1981, §24-10-1008, enacted by Ga. L. 2011, p. 99, § 2/HB 24.)   Cross references.   - Provision that purchaser of instrument takes with notice of claim or defense if instrument bears visible evidence of forgery or alteration, § 11-3-304.   Functions of the court and jury, Fed. R. Evid. 1008.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarity of the statutory provisions, decisions under former Civil Code 1895, § 5242, former Civil Code 1910, § 5831, and former Code 1933, § 38-704, are included in the annotations for this Code section.    Materiality of an alteration is a question of law for the court. Winkles v. Guenther & Co., 98 Ga. 472, 25 S.E. 527 (1896).   Explanation is question for jury.    - When the genuineness of the instrument is denied under oath, the time when, and the intention with which, a change was made in the instrument, are questions for a jury. Reinhart v. Miller, 22 Ga. 402, 68 Am. Dec. 506 (1857) (decided under former law); Winkles v. Guenther & Co., 98 Ga. 472, 25 S.E. 527 (1896);.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Admissibility of books of account as affected by mutilation, erasures, or alterations, 142 A.L.R. 1406.   Mutilations, alterations, and deletions as affecting admissibility in evidence of public record, 28 A.L.R.2d 1443.   Presumptions and burden of proof as to time of alteration of deed, 30 A.L.R.3d 571.
GA Code § 25-1-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 25-1-1. Making Available Dynamite Caps or Like Devices to Minors; Criminal and Civil Penalties

  Any person, firm, or corporation who sells, gives, or otherwise makes available any dynamite cap or other similar device to a minor shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.   In addition to the punishment provided in subsection (a) of this Code section, the license or permit to engage in the business of dealing in or to sell explosives of any person, firm, or corporation convicted of violating subsection (a) of this Code section shall automatically stand revoked and shall be null and void.    (Ga. L. 1958, p. 306, §§ 1, 2.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 31A Am. Jur. 2d, Explosions and Explosives, §§ 67 et seq., 112 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 35 C.J.S., Explosives, § 95 et seq., 95 et seq. 53 C.J.S., Licenses, § 82 et seq.
GA Code § 25-2-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-1. "Commissioner" Defined

 As used in this chapter, the term "Commissioner" means the Safety Fire Commissioner.
GA Code § 25-2-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-2. Safety Fire Commissioner - Office Created

 The office of Safety Fire Commissioner is created. The Commissioner of Insurance shall be the Safety Fire Commissioner.   (Ga. L. 1949, p. 1057, § 1; Ga. L. 1950, p. 320, § 1; Ga. L. 1986, p. 855, § 9.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63C Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees, § 56 et seq.. 72 Am. Jur. 2d, States, Territories, and Dependencies, § 64.   C.J.S.   - 67 C.J.S., Officers and Public Employees, §§ 18, 389 et seq. 81A C.J.S., States, §§ 145, 146.
GA Code § 25-2-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-3. Safety Fire Commissioner - Duties and Responsibilities Generally; Delegation of Powers

 Except as provided in Code Section 25-2-12, the Commissioner is charged with the duties and chief responsibility for the enforcement of this chapter. He may, consistent with this chapter, delegate to the officers and employees appointed under this chapter such duties and powers as in his discretion he shall deem necessary or advisable for the proper enforcement of this chapter and shall have full supervision and control over such officers and employees in the performance of their duties or in the exercise of any powers granted to such officers and employees by him or by this chapter. Except as provided in Code Section 25-2-12, the Commissioner shall be the final authority in all matters relating to the interpretation and enforcement of this chapter, except insofar as his orders may be reversed or modified by the courts.   (Ga. L. 1949, p. 1057, § 2; Ga. L. 1981, p. 1779, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Manufactured homes generally, § 8-2-130 et seq.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Authorized actions.    - In the absence of the state fire marshal, the Safety Fire Commissioner was authorized to act on an application for a license to maintain a liquefied petroleum gas bulk distribution facility. Safety Fire Comm'r v. U.S.A. Gas, Inc., 229 Ga. App. 807, 494 S.E.2d 706 (1997).    Cited in  Douglas v. Smith, 578 F.2d 1169 (5th Cir. 1978).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63C Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees, §§ 3, 230, 241.   C.J.S.   - 67 C.J.S., Officers and Public Employees, §§ 323, 324.
GA Code § 25-2-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-4. Safety Fire Commissioner - Adoption of Rules and Regulations

 The Commissioner shall adopt such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to promote the enforcement of this chapter. Such rules and regulations shall have the force and effect of law and shall have state-wide application as being the state minimum fire safety standards and shall not require adoption by a municipality or county. The governing authority of any municipality or county in this state is authorized to enforce the state minimum fire safety standards on all buildings and structures except one-family and two-family dwellings and those buildings and structures listed in Code Section 25-2-13.All other applications of the state minimum fire safety standards and fees are specified in Code Sections 25-2-4.1, 25-2-12, and 25-2-12.1.Before the Commissioner shall adopt as a part of his rules and regulations for the enforcement of this chapter any of the principles of the various codes referred to in this chapter, he shall first consider and approve them as reasonably suitable for the enforcement of this chapter. Not less than 15 days before any rules and regulations are promulgated, a public hearing shall be held. Notice of the hearing shall be advertised in a newspaper of general circulation.   (Ga. L. 1949, p. 1057, § 3; Ga. L. 1992, p. 2186, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Complying with filing and hearing requirements by Safety Fire Commissioner and Commissioner of Insurance, § 50-13-21.   Administrative Rules and Regulations.   - Rules of Practice and Procedure, Official Compilation of the Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia, Rules of Comptroller General, Chapter 120-3-2.   Rules and Regulations for the State Minimum Fire Safety Standards, Official Compilation of the Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia, Rules of Comptroller General, Chapter 130-3-3.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Failure to comply with safety standards.    - Rules and regulations of the Safety Fire Commissioner, having the force and effect of law, were applicable to the landlord of an apartment building and the landlord's failure to comply with mandatory safety provisions of a fire or building exit code provided a clear and convincing evidentiary basis for an award of punitive damages. Windermere v. Bettes, 211 Ga. App. 177, 438 S.E.2d 406 (1993).    Cited in Douglas v. Smith, 578 F.2d 1169 (5th Cir. 1978); Sadler v. Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc., 152 Ga. App. 763, 264 S.E.2d 291 (1979).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63C Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees, § 1 et seq. 72 Am. Jur. 2d, States, Territories, and Dependencies, § 64.   C.J.S.   - 67 C.J.S., Officers and Public Employees, § 1 et seq. 81A C.J.S., States, §§ 158 et seq., 230.
GA Code § 25-2-4.1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-4.1. Safety Fire Commissioner - Fees and Charges

 (a) The Commissioner is authorized to assess and collect, and persons so assessed shall pay in advance to the Commissioner, fees and charges under this chapter as follows: (1) New anhydrous ammonia permit for storage in bulk (more than 2,000 gallons aggregate capacity) for sale or distribution one-time fee ..$ 150.00 (2) Annual license for manufacture of explosives other than fireworks ..150.00 (3) Annual license for manufacture, storage, or transport of fireworks ..1,500.00 (4) Carnival license ..150.00 (5) Certificate of occupancy ..100.00 (6) Construction plan review: (A) Bulk storage construction ..150.00 (B) Building construction, 10,000 square feet or less ..150.00 (C) Building construction, more than 10,000 square feet ...015 per square foot (D) Other construction ..150.00 (7) Fire sprinkler contractor certificate of competency ..150.00 (8) Liquefied petroleum gas storage license: (A) 2,000 gallons or less ..150.00 (B) More than 2,000 gallons ..600.00 (9) Building construction inspection: (A) 80 percent completion, 100 percent completion, annual, and first follow-up ..none (B) Second follow-up ..150.00 (C) Third and each subsequent follow-up ..220.00 (10) Purchase, storage, sale, transport, or use of explosives other than fireworks: (A) 500 pounds or less ..75.00 (B) More than 500 pounds ..150.00 (11) New self-service gasoline station permit one-time fee ..150.00 (12) New permit to dispense compressed natural gas (CNG) for vehicular fuel one-time fee ..150.00   The licenses and permits for which fees or charges are required pursuant to this Code section shall not be transferable.A new license or permit and fee are required upon change of ownership.    (Code 1981, §25-2-4.1, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2725, § 4; Ga. L. 1993, p. 448, § 1; Ga. L. 2010, p. 9, § 1-50/HB 1055.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1992, a hyphen was inserted between "one" and "time" in paragraph (11).
GA Code § 25-2-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-5. State Fire Marshal - Appointment; Qualifications; Salary

 The Commissioner shall appoint a state fire marshal. Qualifications for appointment as state fire marshal shall be previous training and experience in endeavors similar to those prescribed in this chapter. The Commissioner shall fix the salary of the state fire marshal.   (Ga. L. 1949, p. 1057, § 4.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63C Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees, §§ 7, 71 et seq., 85 et seq. 72 Am. Jur. 2d, States, Territories and Dependencies, § 64.   C.J.S.   - 67 C.J.S., Officers and Public Employees, §§ 22, 46, 55 et seq., 389 et seq. 81A C.J.S., States, §§ 163, 164.
GA Code § 25-2-6 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-6. State Fire Marshal; Head of Safety Fire Division

 The Safety Fire Division of the office of the Commissioner of Insurance shall be headed by the state fire marshal appointed by the Commissioner.   (Ga. L. 1972, p. 1015, § 2; Ga. L. 1986, p. 855, § 10; Ga. L. 2015, p. 5, § 25/HB 90.)    The 2015 amendment,  effective March 13, 2015, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, substituted "office of the Commissioner" for "office of Commissioner" in this Code section.
GA Code § 25-2-7 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-7. Appointment Process of Deputy State Fire Marshal and Other Personnel

 The state fire marshal, subject to the approval of the Commissioner, shall appoint a deputy state fire marshal and administrative fire safety specialists and shall employ such office personnel as may be required to carry out this chapter. The deputy state fire marshal and administrative fire safety specialists shall be chosen by virtue of their previous training and experience in the particular duties which shall be assigned to them. They shall take an oath to perform faithfully the duties of their office.   (Ga. L. 1949, p. 1057, § 5; Ga. L. 1981, p. 1779, § 2.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63C Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees, §§ 7, 71 et seq., 85 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 67 C.J.S., Officers and Public Officers, §§ 22, 46, 55 et seq.
GA Code § 25-2-8 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-8. Payment of Transportation, etc., Expenses of Employees in State Fire Marshal's Office

 All state employees connected with the state fire marshal's office shall be allowed subsistence, lodging, and other expenses in connection with the execution of their duties when away from their headquarters. Transportation for such employees shall be paid at the mileage rate fixed by law for other state employees.   (Ga. L. 1949, p. 1057, § 27.)   Cross references.   - Mileage, actual travel expenses for state officials and employees, and reimbursement, § 50-19-7.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63C Am. Jur. 2d, Public Officers and Employees, §§ 466, 468.   C.J.S.   - 67 C.J.S., Officers and Public Employees, § 374 et seq.
GA Code § 25-2-9 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 25 - Fire Protection and Safety|Chapter 2 - Regulation of Fire and Other Hazards to Persons and Property Generally|§ 25-2-9. Authority of Fire Marshal and Employees to Investigate Cause and Origin of Fires; Power to Arrest

  Upon the request of the sheriff of the county, the chief of police of the jurisdiction, the district attorney of the judicial circuit, or a local fire official, the state fire marshal and any employees of such official shall have the authority to investigate the cause and origin of any fire which occurred in said county, jurisdiction, or judicial circuit.   Personnel employed and authorized by the state fire marshal shall have the power to make arrests for criminal violations established as a result of investigations. Such personnel must hold certification as a peace officer from the Georgia Peace Officer Standards and Training Council and shall have the power to execute arrest warrants and search warrants for criminal violations and to arrest, upon probable cause and without warrant, any person found violating any of the provisions of applicable criminal laws. Authorized personnel empowered to make arrests pursuant to this Code section shall be empowered to carry firearms as authorized by the state fire marshal in the performance of their duties. It shall be unlawful for any person to resist an arrest authorized by this Code section or to interfere in any manner, including abetting or assisting such resistance or interference, with personnel employed by the state fire marshal in the duties imposed upon such personnel by law.    (Ga. L. 1963, p. 509, § 1; Ga. L. 1972, p. 966, § 1; Ga. L. 2003, p. 331, § 1.)   Cross references.   - Obstructing or hindering law enforcement officers, § 16-10-24.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 5 Am. Jur. 2d, Arrest, §§ 4 et seq., 20 et seq., 31, 49. 79 Am. Jur. 2d, Weapons and Firearms, §§ 10, 22.   C.J.S.   - 6A C.J.S., Arrest, §§ 4-10, 14-15. 94 C.J.S., Weapons, §§ 7, 8, 9, 51 et seq.