reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 13-446 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4A - Interstate Depositions and Discovery; Uniform Act|§ 13-446. Application to Superior Court

An application to the Superior Court for a protective order or to enforce, quash, or modify a subpoena issued by a clerk of court under § 13-443 shall comply with the Rules of the Superior Court and laws of the District and shall be submitted to the Superior Court.  (May 22, 2010, D.C. Law 18-147, § 2(b), 57 DCR 2552.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 6 of the Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act.
DC Code § 13-447 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4A - Interstate Depositions and Discovery; Uniform Act|§ 13-447. Uniformity of application and construction

In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it[.]  (May 22, 2010, D.C. Law 18-147, § 2(b), 57 DCR 2552.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 7 of the Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act.
DC Code § 13-448 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4A - Interstate Depositions and Discovery; Uniform Act|§ 13-448. Application to pending actions

This chapter applies to requests for discovery in cases pending on May 22, 2010.  (May 22, 2010, D.C. Law 18-147, § 2(b), 57 DCR 2552.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 8 of the Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act.
DC Code § 13-501 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Counterclaims|§ 13-501. Counterclaim by way of set-off as an action by defendant

In a civil action, a defendant who files a counterclaim by way of set-off shall be deemed to have brought an action at the time of filing the counterclaim for the matters mentioned therein.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 516, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 13-501. 1973 Ed., § 13-501.
DC Code § 13-502 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Counterclaims|§ 13-502. Effect of assignment

When cross-demands have existed between persons under such circumstances that if one had brought an action against the other a counterclaim could have been pleaded, neither can be deprived of the benefit thereof by an assignment by the other; but in an action by the assignee of a nonnegotiable debt the defendant may set off by counterclaim any indebtedness to him of the assignor, existing before notice of the assignment, as well as any indebtedness to him of the plaintiff.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 516, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 13-502. 1973 Ed., § 13-502.
DC Code § 13-503 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Counterclaims|§ 13-503. Action against principal and sureties

In an action against principal and sureties, an indebtedness of the plaintiff to the principal may be set off by counterclaim as if he were the sole defendant. When the indebtedness so set off exceeds the plaintiff’s demand, the judgment for the excess shall be in favor of the defendant who is sued as principal.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 516, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 13-503. 1973 Ed., § 13-503.
DC Code § 13-504 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Counterclaims|§ 13-504. Action by trustee

When the plaintiff in a civil action is trustee for another, or has no actual interest in the contract on which the action is founded, a demand against the plaintiff may not be pleaded by way of counterclaim, but a demand against the person whom he represents or for whose benefit the action is brought may be pleaded.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 516, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 13-504. 1973 Ed., § 13-504.
DC Code § 13-505 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Counterclaims|§ 13-505. Action by or against executor or administrator

In an action against an executor or administrator, in his representative capacity, the defendant may plead, by way of counterclaim, a demand belonging to the decedent where he would have been entitled to rely upon the demand in an action against him; and in an action brought by an executor or administrator, in his representative capacity, a demand against the decedent, belonging at the time of his death to the defendant, may be pleaded by way of counterclaim, as if the action had been brought by the decedent in his lifetime.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 516, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 13-505. 1973 Ed., § 13-505.
DC Code § 13-701 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 7 - Trial. [Repealed]|§ 13-701. Special juries in District Court. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Mar. 27, 1968, 82 Stat. 62, Pub. L. 90-274, § 103(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 13-701.
DC Code § 13-702 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 13 - Procedure Generally. [Enacted title]|Chapter 7 - Trial. [Repealed]|§ 13-702. Jury trials in civil cases in Court of General Sessions. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 552, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 142(5)(A).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 13-702.
DC Code § 14-101 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 1 - Evidence Generally; Depositions|§ 14-101. Evidence under oath; affirmation in lieu of oath; perjury

(a) All evidence shall be given under oath according to the forms of the common law. (b) A witness who has conscientious scruples against taking an oath, may, in lieu thereof, solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm. Where an application, statement, or declaration is required to be supported or verified by an oath, the affirmation is the equivalent of an oath. (c) Whoever swears, affirms, declares, or gives testimony in any form, where an oath is authorized by law, is lawfully sworn, and is guilty of perjury in a case where he would be guilty of that crime if sworn according to the forms of the common law.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 517, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-101. 1973 Ed., § 14-101. Editor's Notes Section 26 of D.C. Law 15-354 provided that Title 14 is designated Title 14 of the District of Columbia Official Code.
DC Code § 14-102 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 1 - Evidence Generally; Depositions|§ 14-102. Impeachment of witnesses

(a) The credibility of a witness may be attacked by any party, including the party calling the witness. (b) A statement is not hearsay if the declarant testifies at the trial or hearing and is subject to cross-examination concerning the statement and the statement is (1) inconsistent with the declarant’s testimony, and was given under oath subject to the penalty of perjury at a trial, hearing, or other proceeding, or in a deposition, or (2) consistent with the declarant’s testimony and is offered to rebut an express or implied charge against the witness of recent fabrication or improper influence or motive, or (3) an identification of a person made after perceiving the person. Such prior statements are substantive evidence.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 518, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; May 23, 1995, D.C. Law 10-256, § 4, 42 DCR 20; Apr. 18, 1996, D.C. Law 11-110, § 23, 43 DCR 530.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-102. 1973 Ed., § 14-102.
DC Code § 14-103 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 1 - Evidence Generally; Depositions|§ 14-103. Depositions for use in State and Territorial Courts

When a commission is issued or notice given to take the testimony of a witness found within the District of Columbia, to be used in an action pending in a court of a State, territory, commonwealth, possession, or place under the jurisdiction of the United States, the testimony may be taken by leave of a judge of the United States District Court in like manner and with like effect as other depositions are taken in United States district courts, or by leave of a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in the manner prescribed by the rules of that court.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 518, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 552, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 143(1).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-103. 1973 Ed., § 14-103. Cross References Depositions in criminal cases, see § 23-108. Depositions in Probate Court, see § 16-3110.
DC Code § 14-104 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 1 - Evidence Generally; Depositions|§ 14-104. Testimony of nonresident witnesses for use in Superior Court

If the testimony of nonresident witnesses is required by either party to a civil action or proceeding in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia the Court, upon motion designating the names of the witnesses, may appoint an examiner to take their testimony, to whom it shall issue a commission. The testimony shall be taken as provided in the rules of the Superior Court.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 518, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 552, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 143(2)(A).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-104. 1973 Ed., § 14-104.
DC Code § 14-301 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Competency of Witnesses|§ 14-301. Parties and other interested persons generally

Except as otherwise provided by law, a person is not incompetent to testify in a civil action or proceeding by reason of his being a party thereto or interested in the result thereof. If otherwise competent to testify, he is competent to give evidence on his own behalf and competent and compellable to give evidence on behalf of any other party to the action or proceeding.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 518, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-301. 1973 Ed., § 14-301.
DC Code § 14-302 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Competency of Witnesses|§ 14-302. Testimony against deceased or incapable person

(a) In a civil action against: (1) a person who, from any cause, is legally incapable of testifying, or (2) the committee, trustee, executor, administrator, heir, legatee, devisee, assignee, or other representative of a deceased person or of a person so incapable of testifying, a judgment or decree may not be rendered in favor of the plaintiff founded on the uncorroborated testimony of the plaintiff or of the agent, servant, or employee of the plaintiff as to any transaction with, or action, declaration or admission of, the deceased or incapable person. (b) In an action specified by subsection (a) of this section, if the plaintiff or his agent, servant, or employee, testifies as to any transaction with, or action, declaration, or admission of, the deceased or incapable person, an entry, memorandum, or declaration, oral or written, by the deceased or incapable person, made while he was capable and upon his personal knowledge, may not be excluded as hearsay.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 519, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-302. 1973 Ed., § 14-302.
DC Code § 14-303 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Competency of Witnesses|§ 14-303. Testimony of deceased or incapable person

When a party, after having testified at a time while he was competent to do so, dies or becomes incapable of testifying, his testimony may be given in evidence in any trial or hearing in relation to the same subject-matter between the same parties or their legal representatives, as the case may be; and in such a case the opposite party may testify in opposition thereto.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 519, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-303. 1973 Ed., § 14-303.
DC Code § 14-304 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Competency of Witnesses|§ 14-304. Death or incapacity of partner or other interested person

Where any of the original parties to a contract or transaction which is the subject of investigation are partners or other joint contractors, or jointly entitled or liable, and some of them have died or become incapable of testifying, any others with whom the contract or transaction was personally made or had, or in whose presence or with whose privity it was made or had, or admissions in relation to the same were made, are not, nor is the adverse party, incompetent to testify because some of the parties or joint contractors, or those jointly entitled or liable, have died or become incapable of testifying.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 519, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-304. 1973 Ed., § 14-304.
DC Code § 14-305 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Competency of Witnesses|§ 14-305. Competency of witnesses; impeachment by evidence of conviction of crime

(a) No person is incompetent to testify, in either civil or criminal proceedings, by reason of his having been convicted of a criminal offense. (b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the purpose of attacking the credibility of a witness, evidence that the witness has been convicted of a criminal offense shall be admitted if offered, either upon the cross-examination of the witness or by evidence aliunde, but only if the criminal offense (A) was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year under the law under which he was convicted, or (B) involved dishonesty or false statement (regardless of punishment). A party establishing conviction by means of cross-examination shall not be bound by the witness’ answers as to matters relating to the conviction. (2)(A) Evidence of a conviction of a witness is inadmissible under this section if — (i) the conviction has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, or other equivalent procedure granted or issued on the basis of innocence, or (ii) the conviction has been the subject of a certificate of rehabilitation or its equivalent and such witness has not been convicted of a subsequent criminal offense. (B) In addition, no evidence of any conviction of a witness is admissible under this section if a period of more than ten years has elapsed since the later of (i) the date of the release of the witness from confinement imposed for his most recent conviction of any criminal offense, or (ii) the expiration of the period of his parole, probation, or sentence granted or imposed with respect to his most recent conviction of any criminal offense. (c) For purposes of this section, to prove conviction of crime, it is not necessary to produce the whole record of the proceedings containing the conviction, but the certificate, under seal, of the clerk of the court wherein the proceedings were had, stating the fact of the conviction and for what cause, shall be sufficient. (d) The pendency of an appeal from a conviction does not render evidence of that conviction inadmissible under this section. Evidence of the pendency of such an appeal is admissible.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 519, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 550, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 133(a).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-305. 1973 Ed., § 14-305. Section References This section is referenced in § 24-906.
DC Code § 14-308 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Competency of Witnesses|§ 14-308. Assessment officials as expert witnesses in condemnation proceedings

In an action for the condemnation of lands, an official or other employee of the District, charged with the duty of appraising real property for assessment purposes, is not disqualified, by reason of the fact that he is so employed, from testifying as an expert witness to the market value of lands, and as to benefits.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 520, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-308. 1973 Ed., § 14-308.
DC Code § 14-309 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Competency of Witnesses|§ 14-309. Clergy

A priest, clergyman, rabbi, or other duly licensed, ordained, or consecrated minister of a religion authorized to perform a marriage ceremony in the District of Columbia or duly accredited practitioner of Christian Science may not be examined in any civil or criminal proceedings in the Federal courts in the District of Columbia and District of Columbia courts with respect to any — (1) confession, or communication, made to him, in his professional capacity in the course of discipline enjoined by the church or other religious body to which he belongs, without the consent of the person making the confession or communication; or (2) communication made to him, in his professional capacity in the course of giving religious or spiritual advice, without the consent of the person seeking the advice; or (3)(A) communication made to him, in his professional capacity, by either spouse or domestic partner, in connection with an effort to reconcile estranged spouses or domestic partners, without the consent of the spouse or domestic partner making the communication. (B) for the purposes of this paragraph, the term “domestic partner” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(3).  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 520, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 553, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 143(4); Apr. 4, 2006, D.C. Law 16-79, § 2(c), 53 DCR 1035.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-309. 1973 Ed., § 14-309. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 16-79 rewrote par. (3) which had read as follows: “(3) communication made to him, in his professional capacity, by either spouse, in connection with an effort to reconcile estranged spouses, without the consent of the spouse making the communication.”
DC Code § 14-501 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Documentary Evidence|§ 14-501. Proof of record

An exemplification of a record under the hand of the keeper of the record, and the seal of the court or office where the record is made, is good and sufficient evidence to prove a record made or entered in any State, territory, commonwealth or possession of the United States. The certificate of the person purporting to be the keeper of the record, accompanied by the seal, is prima facie evidence of that fact.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-501. 1973 Ed., § 14-501. Cross References Certificate of incorporation, presumptive evidence of facts stated in certified copies, see § 29-201.36. Corporate stock books, presumptive evidence of facts, see § 29-201.26. Department of Insurance and Securities Regulation records, certified copies as evidence, see § 3-3616. Domestic life insurance company, presumptive evidence of facts contained in stock book, see § 31-4415. Fraternal benefit association, articles of association as prima facie evidence of existence and due incorporation, see § 31-5709. Fraternal benefit association, original policies of liability of successor corporation as prima facie evidence upon division of insurance business, see § 31-5725. Insurance superintendent, effect of authentication of papers, see § 31-4301. Public Utilities Commission, transcribed copy of proceedings, admissibility as evidence, see § 43-622.
DC Code § 14-502 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Documentary Evidence|§ 14-502. Records of deeds, instruments, and wills

Under the hand of the keeper of a record and the seal of the court or office in which the record was made: (1) a copy of the record of a deed, or other written instrument not of a testamentary character, where the laws of the State, territory, commonwealth, possession or country where it was recorded require such a record, and that has been recorded agreeably to those laws; and (2) a copy of a will that the laws require to be admitted to probate and record by judicial decree, and of the decree of the court admitting the will to probate and record — are good and sufficient prima facie evidence to prove the existence and contents of the deed, will, or other written instrument, and that it was executed as it purports to have been executed.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 521, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-502. 1973 Ed., § 14-502. Cross References Irregular deeds legalized, see § 42-408. Surveyor’s records, transcript, see § 1-1311.
DC Code § 14-503 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Documentary Evidence|§ 14-503. Record of will as prima facie evidence of contents and execution

A record of a will or codicil recorded in the office of the Register of Wills of the District of Columbia, that has been admitted to probate by a court in the District of Columbia, or a record of the transcript of the record and probate of a will or codicil elsewhere, or of a certified copy thereof filed in the office of the Register of Wills, is prima facie evidence of the contents and due execution of the will or codicil.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 521, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 553, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 143(5).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-503. 1973 Ed., § 14-503.
DC Code § 14-504 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Documentary Evidence|§ 14-504. Force in District of Columbia of wills probated elsewhere

A record in the office of the Register of Wills for the District of Columbia of a duly certified copy, or transcript of the record of proceedings, admitting a will or codicil to probate outside of the District of Columbia; and a record in that office of a will or codicil admitted to probate in the District before June 8, 1898, and not annulled or declared void according to law prior to June 8, 1898, shall be deemed and held as of the same force and effect as if the will or codicil had been duly proved and admitted to probate and record pursuant to sections 19-301 to 19-303 [§ 19-303 repealed].  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 521, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-504. 1973 Ed., § 14-504. References in Text Sections 19-301 to 19-303, referred to at the end of this section, were repealed by the Act of September 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 780, Pub. L. 89-183, § 8.
DC Code § 14-505 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 14 - Proof. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Documentary Evidence|§ 14-505. Municipal ordinances and regulations

Municipal ordinances and regulations in force in the District of Columbia may be proved by producing in evidence a copy thereof certified as provided by the Commissioner [Mayor]; and the certified copy is prima facie evidence of the due adoption and promulgation of the ordinances and regulations.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 521, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 553, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 143(6).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 14-505. 1973 Ed., § 14-505. Change in Government This section originated at a time when local government powers were delegated to a Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia (see Acts Relating to the Establishment of the District of Columbia and its Various Forms of Governmental Organization in Volume 1). Section 401 of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1967 (see Reorganization Plans in Volume 1) transferred all of the functions of the Board of Commissioners under this section to a single Commissioner. The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act, 87 Stat. 818, § 711 ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.11), abolished the District of Columbia Council and the Office of Commissioner of the District of Columbia. These branches of government were replaced by the Council of the District of Columbia and the Office of Mayor of the District of Columbia, respectively. Accordingly, and also pursuant to § 714(a) of such Act ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.14(a)), appropriate changes in terminology were made, in brackets, in this section.