reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 9.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 9 - Frivolous Pleadings and Claims|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 9.004. Applicability

Sec. 9.004.  APPLICABILITY.  This chapter does not apply to the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act (Subchapter E, Chapter 17, Business & Commerce Code) or to Chapter 21, Insurance Code.|Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.01, eff. Sept. 2, 1987.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 9.011 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 9 - Frivolous Pleadings and Claims|Subchapter B. Signing of Pleadings|Section 9.011. Signing of Pleadings

Sec. 9.011.  SIGNING OF PLEADINGS.  The signing of a pleading as required by the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure constitutes a certificate by the signatory that to the signatory's best knowledge, information, and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, the pleading is not:(1)  groundless and brought in bad faith;(2)  groundless and brought for the purpose of harassment;  or(3)  groundless and interposed for any improper purpose, such as to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.|Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.01, eff. Sept. 2, 1987.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 9.012 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 9 - Frivolous Pleadings and Claims|Subchapter B. Signing of Pleadings|Section 9.012. Violation; Sanction

Sec. 9.012.  VIOLATION;  SANCTION.  (a)  At the trial of the action or at any hearing inquiring into the facts and law of the action, after reasonable notice to the parties, the court may on its own motion, or shall on the motion of any party to the action, determine if a pleading has been signed in violation of any one of the standards prescribed by Section 9.011.(b)  In making its determination of whether a pleading has been signed in violation of any one of the standards prescribed by Section 9.011, the court shall take into account:(1)  the multiplicity of parties;(2)  the complexity of the claims and defenses;(3)  the length of time available to the party to investigate and conduct discovery;  and(4)  affidavits, depositions, and any other relevant matter.(c)  If the court determines that a pleading has been signed in violation of any one of the standards prescribed by Section 9.011, the court shall, not earlier than 90 days after the date of the determination, at the trial or hearing or at a separate hearing following reasonable notice to the offending party, impose an appropriate sanction on the signatory, a represented party, or both.(d)  The court may not order an offending party to pay the incurred expenses of a party who stands in opposition to the offending pleading if, before the 90th day after the court makes a determination under Subsection (a), the offending party withdraws the pleading or amends the pleading to the satisfaction of the court or moves for dismissal of the pleading or the offending portion of the pleading.(e)  The sanction may include one or more of the following:(1)  the striking of a pleading or the offending portion thereof;(2)  the dismissal of a party;  or(3)  an order to pay to a party who stands in opposition to the offending pleading the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the pleading, including costs, reasonable attorney's fees, witness fees, fees of experts, and deposition expenses.(f)  The court may not order an offending party to pay the incurred expenses of a party who stands in opposition to the offending pleading if the court has, with respect to the same subject matter, imposed sanctions on the party who stands in opposition to the offending pleading under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.(g)  All determinations and orders pursuant to this chapter are solely for purposes of this chapter and shall not be the basis of any liability, sanction, or grievance other than as expressly provided in this chapter.(h)  This section does not apply to any proceeding to which Section 10.004 or Rule 13, Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, applies.|Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.01, eff. Sept. 2, 1987.  Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1111, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 9.013 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 9 - Frivolous Pleadings and Claims|Subchapter B. Signing of Pleadings|Section 9.013. Report to Grievance Committee

Sec. 9.013.  REPORT TO GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE.  (a)  If the court imposes a sanction against an offending party under Section 9.012, the offending party is represented by an attorney who signed the pleading in violation of any one of the standards under Section 9.011, and the court finds that the attorney has consistently engaged in activity that results in sanctions under Section 9.012, the court shall report its finding to an appropriate grievance committee as provided by the State Bar Act (Article 320a-1, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes) or by a similar law in the jurisdiction in which the attorney resides.(b)  The report must contain:(1)  the name of the attorney who represented the offending party;(2)  the finding by the court that the pleading was signed in violation of any one of the standards under Section 9.011;(3)  a description of the sanctions imposed against the signatory and the offending party;  and(4)  the finding that the attorney has consistently engaged in activity that results in sanctions under Section 9.012.|Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.01, eff. Sept. 2, 1987.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 9.014 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 9 - Frivolous Pleadings and Claims|Subchapter B. Signing of Pleadings|Section 9.014. Pleadings Not Frivolous

Sec. 9.014.  PLEADINGS NOT FRIVOLOUS.  (a)  A general denial does not constitute a violation of any of the standards prescribed by Section 9.011.(b)  The amount requested for damages in a pleading does not constitute a violation of any of the standards prescribed by Section 9.011.|Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.01, eff. Sept. 2, 1987.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 11.001. Definitions

Sec. 11.001.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:(1)  "Defendant" means a person or governmental entity against whom a plaintiff commences or maintains or seeks to commence or maintain a litigation.(2)  "Litigation" means a civil action commenced, maintained, or pending in any state or federal court.(3)  Repealed by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224, Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2013.(4)  "Moving defendant" means a defendant who moves for an order under Section 11.051 determining that a plaintiff is a vexatious litigant and requesting security.(5)  "Plaintiff" means an individual who commences or maintains a litigation pro se.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 3 (H.B. 79), Sec. 9.01, eff. January 1, 2012.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter A. General Provisions|Section 11.002. Applicability

Sec. 11.002.  APPLICABILITY.  (a)  This chapter does not apply to an attorney licensed to practice law in this state unless the attorney proceeds pro se.(b)  This chapter does not apply to a municipal court.|Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.051 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter B. Vexatious Litigants|Section 11.051. Motion for Order Determining Plaintiff a Vexatious Litigant and Requesting Security

Sec. 11.051.  MOTION FOR ORDER DETERMINING PLAINTIFF A VEXATIOUS LITIGANT AND REQUESTING SECURITY.  In a litigation in this state, the defendant may, on or before the 90th day after the date the defendant files the original answer or makes a special appearance, move the court for an order:(1)  determining that the plaintiff is a vexatious litigant;  and(2)  requiring the plaintiff to furnish security.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.052 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter B. Vexatious Litigants|Section 11.052. Stay of Proceedings on Filing of Motion

Sec. 11.052.  STAY OF PROCEEDINGS ON FILING OF MOTION.  (a)  On the filing of a motion under Section 11.051, the litigation is stayed and the moving defendant is not required to plead:(1)  if the motion is denied, before the 10th day after the date it is denied;  or(2)  if the motion is granted, before the 10th day after the date the moving defendant receives written notice that the plaintiff has furnished the required security.(b)  On the filing of a motion under Section 11.051 on or after the date the trial starts, the litigation is stayed for a period the court determines.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.053 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter B. Vexatious Litigants|Section 11.053. Hearing

Sec. 11.053.  HEARING.  (a)  On receipt of a motion under Section 11.051, the court shall, after notice to all parties, conduct a hearing to determine whether to grant the motion.(b)  The court may consider any evidence material to the ground of the motion, including:(1)  written or oral evidence;  and(2)  evidence presented by witnesses or by affidavit.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.054 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter B. Vexatious Litigants|Section 11.054. Criteria for Finding Plaintiff a Vexatious Litigant

Sec. 11.054.  CRITERIA FOR FINDING PLAINTIFF A VEXATIOUS LITIGANT.  A court may find a plaintiff a vexatious litigant if the defendant shows that there is not a reasonable probability that the plaintiff will prevail in the litigation against the defendant and that:(1)  the plaintiff, in the seven-year period immediately preceding the date the defendant makes the motion under Section 11.051, has commenced, prosecuted, or maintained at least five litigations as a pro se litigant other than in a small claims court that have been:(A)  finally determined adversely to the plaintiff;(B)  permitted to remain pending at least two years without having been brought to trial or hearing; or(C)  determined by a trial or appellate court to be frivolous or groundless under state or federal laws or rules of procedure;(2)  after a litigation has been finally determined against the plaintiff, the plaintiff repeatedly relitigates or attempts to relitigate, pro se, either:(A)  the validity of the determination against the same defendant as to whom the litigation was finally determined; or(B)  the cause of action, claim, controversy, or any of the issues of fact or law determined or concluded by the final determination against the same defendant as to whom the litigation was finally determined; or(3)  the plaintiff has previously been declared to be a vexatious litigant by a state or federal court in an action or proceeding based on the same or substantially similar facts, transition, or occurrence.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.055 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter B. Vexatious Litigants|Section 11.055. Security

Sec. 11.055.  SECURITY.  (a)  A court shall order the plaintiff to furnish security for the benefit of the moving defendant if the court, after hearing the evidence on the motion, determines that the plaintiff is a vexatious litigant.(b)  The court in its discretion shall determine the date by which the security must be furnished.(c)  The court shall provide that the security is an undertaking by the plaintiff to assure payment to the moving defendant of the moving defendant's reasonable expenses incurred in or in connection with a litigation commenced, caused to be commenced, maintained, or caused to be maintained by the plaintiff, including costs and attorney's fees.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.056 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter B. Vexatious Litigants|Section 11.056. Dismissal for Failure to Furnish Security

Sec. 11.056.  DISMISSAL FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH SECURITY.  The court shall dismiss a litigation as to a moving defendant if a plaintiff ordered to furnish security does not furnish the security within the time set by the order.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.057 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter B. Vexatious Litigants|Section 11.057. Dismissal on the Merits

Sec. 11.057.  DISMISSAL ON THE MERITS.  If the litigation is dismissed on its merits, the moving defendant has recourse to the security furnished by the plaintiff in an amount determined by the court.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.101 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter C. Prohibiting Filing of New Litigation|Section 11.101. Prefiling Order; Contempt

Sec. 11.101.  PREFILING ORDER;  CONTEMPT.  (a)  A court may, on its own motion or the motion of any party, enter an order prohibiting a person from filing, pro se, a new litigation in a court to which the order applies under this section without permission of the appropriate local administrative judge described by Section 11.102(a) to file the litigation if the court finds, after notice and hearing as provided by Subchapter B, that  the person is a vexatious litigant.(b)  A person who disobeys an order under Subsection (a) is subject to contempt of court.(c)  A litigant may appeal from a prefiling order entered under Subsection (a) designating the person a vexatious litigant.(d)  A prefiling order entered under Subsection (a) by a justice or constitutional county court applies only to the court that entered the order.(e)  A prefiling order entered under Subsection (a) by a district or statutory county court applies to each court in this state.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 3 (H.B. 79), Sec. 9.02, eff. January 1, 2012.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.102 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter C. Prohibiting Filing of New Litigation|Section 11.102. Permission by Local Administrative Judge

Sec. 11.102.  PERMISSION BY LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE.  (a)  A vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order under Section 11.101 is prohibited from filing, pro se, new litigation in a court to which the order applies without seeking the permission of:(1)  the local administrative judge of the type of court in which the vexatious litigant intends to file, except as provided by Subdivision (2); or(2)  the local administrative district judge of the county in which the vexatious litigant intends to file if the litigant intends to file in a justice or constitutional county court.(b)  A vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order under Section 11.101 who files a request seeking permission to file a litigation shall provide a copy of the request to all defendants named in the proposed litigation.(c)  The appropriate local administrative judge described by Subsection (a) may make a determination on the request with or without a hearing.  If the judge determines that a hearing is necessary, the judge may require that the vexatious litigant filing a request under Subsection (b) provide notice of the hearing to all defendants named in the proposed litigation.(d)  The appropriate local administrative judge described by Subsection (a) may grant permission to a vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order under Section 11.101 to file a litigation only if it appears to the judge that the litigation:(1)  has merit; and(2)  has not been filed for the purposes of harassment or delay.(e)  The appropriate local administrative judge described by Subsection (a) may condition permission on the furnishing of security for the benefit of the defendant as provided in Subchapter B.(f)  A decision of the appropriate local administrative judge described by Subsection (a) denying a litigant permission to file a litigation under Subsection (d), or conditioning permission to file a litigation on the furnishing of security under Subsection (e), is not grounds for appeal, except that the litigant may apply for a writ of mandamus with the court of appeals not later than the 30th day after the date of the decision.  The denial of a writ of mandamus by the court of appeals is not grounds for appeal to the supreme court or court of criminal appeals.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 3 (H.B. 79), Sec. 9.03, eff. January 1, 2012.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.103 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter C. Prohibiting Filing of New Litigation|Section 11.103. Duties of Clerk

Sec. 11.103.  DUTIES OF CLERK.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (d), a clerk of a court may not file a litigation, original proceeding, appeal, or other claim presented, pro se, by a vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order under Section 11.101 unless the litigant obtains an order from the appropriate local administrative judge described by Section 11.102(a) permitting the filing.(b)  Repealed by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224, Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2013.(c)  If the appropriate local administrative judge described by Section 11.102(a) issues an order permitting the filing of the litigation, the litigation remains stayed and the defendant need not plead until the 10th day after the date the defendant is served with a copy of the order.(d)  A clerk of a court of appeals may file an appeal from a prefiling order entered under Section 11.101 designating a person a vexatious litigant or a timely filed writ of mandamus under Section 11.102.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 3 (H.B. 79), Sec. 9.04, eff. January 1, 2012.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2013.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2013.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.1035 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter C. Prohibiting Filing of New Litigation|Section 11.1035. Mistaken Filing

Sec. 11.1035.  MISTAKEN FILING.  (a)  If the clerk mistakenly files litigation presented, pro se, by a vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order under Section 11.101 without an order from the appropriate local administrative judge described by Section 11.102(a), any party may file with the clerk and serve on the plaintiff and the other parties to the litigation a notice stating that the plaintiff is a vexatious litigant required to obtain permission under Section 11.102 to file litigation.(b)  Not later than the next business day after the date the clerk receives notice that a vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order under Section 11.101 has filed, pro se, litigation without obtaining an order from the appropriate local administrative judge described by Section 11.102(a), the clerk shall notify the court that the litigation was mistakenly filed.  On receiving notice from the clerk, the court shall immediately stay the litigation and shall dismiss the litigation unless the plaintiff, not later than the 10th day after the date the notice is filed, obtains an order from the appropriate local administrative judge described by Section 11.102(a) permitting the filing of the litigation.(c)  An order dismissing litigation that was mistakenly filed by a clerk may not be appealed.|Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Civ Prac & Rem Code § 11.104 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Civil Practice and Remedies Code|Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal|Subtitle A - General Provisions|Chapter 11 - Vexatious Litigants|Subchapter C. Prohibiting Filing of New Litigation|Section 11.104. Notice to Office of Court Administration; Dissemination of List

Sec. 11.104.  NOTICE TO OFFICE OF COURT ADMINISTRATION; DISSEMINATION OF LIST.  (a)  A clerk of a court shall provide the Office of Court Administration of the Texas Judicial System a copy of any prefiling order issued under Section 11.101 not later than the 30th day after the date the prefiling order is signed.(b)  The Office of Court Administration of the Texas Judicial System shall post on the agency's Internet website a list of vexatious litigants subject to prefiling orders under Section 11.101.  On request of a person designated a vexatious litigant, the list shall indicate whether the person designated a vexatious litigant has filed an appeal of that designation.(c)  The Office of Court Administration of the Texas Judicial System may not remove the name of a vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order under Section 11.101 from the agency's Internet website unless the office receives a written order from the court that entered the prefiling order or from an appellate court.  An order of removal affects only a prefiling order entered under Section 11.101 by the same court.  A court of appeals decision reversing a prefiling order entered under Section 11.101 affects only the validity of an order entered by the reversed court.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 3 (H.B. 79), Sec. 9.05, eff. January 1, 2012.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1224 (S.B. 1630), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2013.|