reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 18.2-421 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-421. Information to be filed by clandestine organization with State Corporation Commission

Every existing membership corporation and every existing unincorporated association which is a clandestine organization as defined in § 18.2-420, shall file with the clerk of the State Corporation Commission a sworn copy of its constitution, bylaws, rules, regulations, and oath of membership, together with a roster of its membership and a list of its officers for the current year. Every such corporation and association shall, in case its constitution, bylaws, rules, regulations or oath of membership or any part thereof be revised, changed or amended, within ten days after such revision or amendment, file with the clerk of the State Corporation Commission a sworn copy of such revised, changed or amended constitution, bylaw, rule, regulation or oath of membership. Every such corporation or association shall, within thirty days after a change has been made in its officers, file with the clerk of the State Corporation Commission a sworn statement showing such change. Every such corporation or association shall, at intervals of six months, file with the clerk of the State Corporation Commission, a sworn statement showing the names and addresses of such additional members as have been received in such corporation or association during such interval.The violation of any provision of this section shall constitute a Class 3 misdemeanor.The provisions of §§ 18.2-420 and 18.2-421 shall not apply to fraternal organizations which are organized for charitable, benevolent, and educational objectives and whose transactions and list of members are open for public inspection.Code 1950, § 18.1-380.2; 1968, c. 792; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-422 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-422. Prohibition of wearing of masks in certain places; exceptions

It shall be unlawful for any person over 16 years of age to, with the intent to conceal his identity, wear any mask, hood or other device whereby a substantial portion of the face is hidden or covered so as to conceal the identity of the wearer, to be or appear in any public place, or upon any private property in this Commonwealth without first having obtained from the owner or tenant thereof consent to do so in writing. However, the provisions of this section shall not apply to persons (i) wearing traditional holiday costumes; (ii) engaged in professions, trades, employment or other activities and wearing protective masks which are deemed necessary for the physical safety of the wearer or other persons; (iii) engaged in any bona fide theatrical production or masquerade ball; or (iv) wearing a mask, hood or other device for bona fide medical reasons upon (a) the advice of a licensed physician or osteopath and carrying on his person an affidavit from the physician or osteopath specifying the medical necessity for wearing the device and the date on which the wearing of the device will no longer be necessary and providing a brief description of the device, or (b) the declaration of a disaster or state of emergency by the Governor in response to a public health emergency where the emergency declaration expressly waives this section, defines the mask appropriate for the emergency, and provides for the duration of the waiver. The violation of any provisions of this section is a Class 6 felony.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-364, 18.1-367; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1986, c. 19; 2010, cc. 262, 420; 2014, c. 167.
VA Code § 18.2-423 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-423. Burning cross on property of another or public place with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent

It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, to burn, or cause to be burned, a cross on the property of another, a highway or other public place. Any person who shall violate any provision of this section shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.Any such burning of a cross shall be prima facie evidence of an intent to intimidate a person or group of persons.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-365 through 18.1-367; 1960, c. 358; 1968, c. 350; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1983, c. 337.
VA Code § 18.2-423.01 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-423.01. Burning object on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty

A. Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, burns an object on the private property of another without permission, is guilty of a Class 6 felony.B. Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, burns an object on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of death or bodily injury is guilty of a Class 6 felony.2002, cc. 589, 600.
VA Code § 18.2-423.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-423.1. Placing swastika on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent

It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, with the intent of intimidating another person or group of persons, to place or cause to be placed a swastika on any church, synagogue or other building or place used for religious worship, or on any school, educational facility or community center owned or operated by a church or religious body.A violation of this section shall be punishable as a Class 6 felony.For the purposes of this section, any such placing of a swastika shall be prima facie evidence of an intent to intimidate another person or group of persons.1983, c. 337.
VA Code § 18.2-423.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-423.2. Displaying noose on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty

A. Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on the private property of another without permission is guilty of a Class 6 felony.B. Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of death or bodily injury is guilty of a Class 6 felony.2009, c. 277.
VA Code § 18.2-426 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-426. "Emergency call" and "emergency personnel" defined

As used in this article:"Emergency call" means a call to report a fire or summon police, or for emergency medical services, in a situation where human life or property is in jeopardy and the prompt summoning of aid is essential."Emergency personnel" means any persons, paid or volunteer, who receive calls for dispatch of police, fire, or emergency medical services personnel, and includes law-enforcement officers, firefighters, including special forest wardens designated pursuant to § 10.1-1135, and emergency medical services personnel.Code 1950, § 18.1-370; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1995, c. 791; 2000, c. 962; 2007, c. 467; 2015, cc. 502, 503.
VA Code § 18.2-427 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-427. Use of profane, threatening, or indecent language over public airways or by other methods

Any person who uses obscene, vulgar, profane, lewd, lascivious, or indecent language, or makes any suggestion or proposal of an obscene nature, or threatens any illegal or immoral act with the intent to coerce, intimidate, or harass any person, over any telephone or citizens band radio, in this Commonwealth, is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor."Over any telephone" includes, for purposes of this section, any electronically transmitted communication producing a visual or electronic message that is received or transmitted by cellular telephone or other wireless telecommunications device.Code 1950, § 18.1-238; 1960, c. 358; 1964, c. 577; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1976, c. 312; 1984, c. 592; 2010, c. 565; 2011, c. 246.
VA Code § 18.2-428 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-428. Giving certain false information to another by telephone

If any person maliciously advises or informs another over any telephone in this Commonwealth of the death of, accident to, injury to, illness of, or disappearance of some third party, knowing the same to be false, he shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-238.1; 1962, c. 225; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-429 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-429. Causing telephone or pager to ring with intent to annoy

A. Any person who, with or without intent to communicate but with intent to annoy any other person, causes any telephone or digital pager, not his own, to ring or to otherwise signal, and any person who permits or condones the use of any telephone under his control for such purpose, is guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor. A second or subsequent conviction under this subsection is punishable as a Class 2 misdemeanor if such prior conviction occurred before the date of the offense charged.B. Any person who, with or without intent to converse, but with intent to annoy, harass, hinder or delay emergency personnel in the performance of their duties as such, causes a telephone to ring, which is owned or leased for the purpose of receiving emergency calls by a public or private entity providing fire, police or emergency medical services, and any person who knowingly permits the use of a telephone under his control for such purpose, is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-238.2; 1962, c. 495; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1989, c. 59; 1995, cc. 410, 478, 791; 2012, c. 133; 2015, cc. 502, 503.
VA Code § 18.2-429.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-429.1. False caller identification information; penalty

A. For the purposes of this section:"Caller identification information" means data that identifies the identity of the caller or the caller's telephone number to the recipient of a telephone call or to the recipient's telephone network."False caller identification information" means data that misrepresents the identity of the caller or the caller's telephone number to the recipient of a telephone call or to the recipient's telephone network.B. Any person who, with the intent to defraud, intimidate, or harass, causes a telephone to ring and engages in conduct that results in the display of false caller identification information on the called party's telephone is guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor. A second or subsequent conviction under this subsection is punishable as a Class 2 misdemeanor if the prior conviction occurred before the date of the offense charged.C. This section shall not apply to:1. The blocking of caller identification information;2. Any law-enforcement agencies or any law-enforcement officer while he is engaged in the performance of his official duties;3. Any intelligence or security agency of the federal government or any employee of such agency while he is engaged in the performance of his official duties; or4. Any telecommunications, broadband, or Voice-over-Internet protocol service provider that is (i) acting in its capacity as an intermediary for the transmission of telephone service between the caller and the recipient, (ii) providing or configuring a service or service feature as requested by a customer, (iii) acting in a manner that is authorized or required by law, or (iv) engaging in other conduct that is a necessary incident to the provision of service.2019, c. 476.
VA Code § 18.2-430 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-430. Venue for offenses under this article

Any person violating any of the provisions of this article may be prosecuted either in the county or city from which he called or in the county or city in which the call was received, or in the City of Richmond if venue cannot otherwise be established and the person subjected to the act is one of the following officials or employees of the Commonwealth and such official or employee was subjected to the act while engaged in the performance of his public duties or because of his position with the Commonwealth: the Governor, Governor-elect, Lieutenant Governor, Lieutenant Governor-elect, Attorney General, or Attorney General-elect, a member or employee of the General Assembly, a justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia or a judge of the Court of Appeals of Virginia.Code 1950, § 18.1-238; 1960, c. 358; 1964, c. 577; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2020, c. 1002.
VA Code § 18.2-431 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-431. Duty of telephone companies; notices in directories

(1) It shall be the duty, on pain of contempt of court, of each telephone company in this Commonwealth to furnish immediately in response to a subpoena issued by a circuit court such information as it, its officers and employees may possess which, in the opinion of the court, may aid in the apprehension of persons suspected of violating the provisions of this article or the provisions of § 18.2-83 or § 18.2-212.(2) Every telephone directory distributed to the public which lists the calling numbers of telephones or of any telephone exchange located in this Commonwealth shall contain a notice which explains the offenses made punishable under this article, such notice to be printed in type which conforms with and is comparable to other type on the same page, and to be placed in a prominent place in such directory. Any violation of this subsection shall be punishable as a Class 4 misdemeanor.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-238, 18.1-371; 1960, c. 358; 1964, c. 577; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1982, c. 502.
VA Code § 18.2-431.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-431.1. Illegal conveyance or possession of cellular telephone or other wireless telecommunications device by prisoner or committed person; penalty

A. It is unlawful for any person without authorization to provide or cause to be provided a cellular telephone or other wireless telecommunications device to an incarcerated prisoner or person committed to the Department of Juvenile Justice in any juvenile correctional center.B. It is unlawful for an incarcerated prisoner or person committed to the Department of Juvenile Justice in any juvenile correctional center without authorization to possess a cellular telephone or other wireless telecommunications device during the period of his incarceration.C. Any violation of this section is a Class 6 felony.2005, c. 171; 2013, cc. 707, 782; 2015, c. 601.
VA Code § 18.2-433.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-433.1. Definitions

As used in this article:"Civil disorder" means any public disturbance within the United States or any territorial possessions thereof involving acts of violence by assemblages of three or more persons, which causes an immediate danger of or results in damage or injury to the property or person of any other individual."Explosive or incendiary device" means (i) dynamite and all other forms of high explosives, (ii) any explosive bomb, grenade, missile, or similar device, or (iii) any incendiary bomb or grenade, fire bomb, or similar device, including any device which consists of or includes a breakable container including a flammable liquid or compound, and a wick composed of any material which, when ignited, is capable of igniting such flammable liquid or compound, and can be carried or thrown by one individual acting alone."Firearm" means any weapon that will or is designed to or may readily be converted to expel single or multiple projectiles by the action of an explosion of a combustible material; or the frame or receiver of any such weapon."Law-enforcement officer" means any officer as defined in § 9.1-101 or any such officer or member of the armed forces of the United States, any state, any political subdivision of a state, or the District of Columbia, and such term shall specifically include, but shall not be limited to, members of the National Guard, as defined in § 101(c) of Title 10, United States Code, members of the organized militia of any state or territory of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia, not included within the definition of National Guard as defined by such § 101(c), and members of the Armed Forces of the United States.1987, c. 720; 2003, c. 976; 2004, c. 263.
VA Code § 18.2-433.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-433.2. Paramilitary activity prohibited; penalty

A person is guilty of unlawful paramilitary activity, punishable as a Class 5 felony, if he:1. Teaches or demonstrates to any other person the use, application, or making of any firearm, explosive or incendiary device, or technique capable of causing injury or death to persons, knowing or having reason to know or intending that such training will be employed for use in, or in furtherance of, a civil disorder;2. Assembles with one or more persons for the purpose of training with, practicing with, or being instructed in the use of any firearm, explosive or incendiary device, or technique capable of causing injury or death to persons, intending to employ such training for use in, or in furtherance of, a civil disorder; or3. Violates subsection A of § 18.2-282 while assembled with one or more persons for the purpose of and with the intent to intimidate any person or group of persons.1987, c. 720; 2020, c. 601.
VA Code § 18.2-433.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 9 - Crimes Against Peace and Order|§ 18.2-433.3. Exceptions

Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to apply to:1. Any act of a law-enforcement officer performed in the otherwise lawful performance of the officer's official duties;2. Any activity, undertaken without knowledge of or intent to cause or further a civil disorder, which is intended to teach or practice self-defense or self-defense techniques such as karate clubs or self-defense clinics, and similar lawful activity;3. Any facility, program or lawful activity related to firearms instruction and training intended to teach the safe handling and use of firearms; or4. Any other lawful sports or activities related to the individual recreational use or possession of firearms, including but not limited to hunting activities, target shooting, self-defense and firearms collection.Notwithstanding any language contained herein, no activity of any individual, group, organization or other entity engaged in the lawful display or use of firearms or other weapons or facsimiles thereof shall be deemed to be in violation of this statute.1987, c. 720.
VA Code § 18.2-434 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 10 - Crimes Against the Administration of Justice|§ 18.2-434. What deemed perjury; punishment and penalty

If any person to whom an oath is lawfully administered on any occasion willfully swears falsely on such occasion touching any material matter or thing, or if a person falsely make oath that any other person is 18 years of age or older in order to obtain a marriage license for such other person, or if any person in any written declaration, certificate, verification, or statement under penalty of perjury pursuant to § 8.01-4.3 willfully subscribes as true any material matter which he does not believe is true, he is guilty of perjury, punishable as a Class 5 felony. Upon the conviction of any person for perjury, such person thereby shall be adjudged forever incapable of holding any office of honor, profit or trust under the Constitution of Virginia, or of serving as a juror.Code 1950, §§ 18.1-273 through 18.1-275; 1960, c. 358; 1972, c. 823; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2005, c. 423.
VA Code § 18.2-435 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 10 - Crimes Against the Administration of Justice|§ 18.2-435. Giving conflicting testimony on separate occasions as to same matter; indictment; sufficiency of evidence

It shall likewise constitute perjury for any person, with the intent to testify falsely, to knowingly give testimony under oath as to any material matter or thing and subsequently to give conflicting testimony under oath as to the same matter or thing. In any indictment for such perjury, it shall be sufficient to allege the offense by stating that the person charged therewith did, knowingly and with the intent to testify falsely, on one occasion give testimony upon a certain matter and, on a subsequent occasion, give different testimony upon the same matter. Upon the trial on such indictment, it shall be sufficient to prove that the defendant, knowingly and with the intent to testify falsely, gave such differing testimony and that the differing testimony was given on two separate occasions.Code 1950, § 18.1-276; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-436 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 10 - Crimes Against the Administration of Justice|§ 18.2-436. Inducing another to give false testimony; sufficiency of evidence

If any person procure or induce another to commit perjury or to give false testimony under oath in violation of any provision of this article, he shall be punished as prescribed in § 18.2-434.In any prosecution under this section, it shall be sufficient to prove that the person alleged to have given false testimony shall have been procured, induced, counselled or advised to give such testimony by the party charged.Code 1950, § 18.1-277; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-437 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 10 - Crimes Against the Administration of Justice|§ 18.2-437. Immunity of witnesses

No witness called by the attorney for the Commonwealth, or by the court, and required to give evidence for the prosecution in a proceeding under this article shall ever be proceeded against for the offense concerning which he testified. Such witness shall be compelled to testify and may be punished for contempt for refusing to do so.Code 1950, § 18.1-277; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-438 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 10 - Crimes Against the Administration of Justice|§ 18.2-438. Bribes to officers or candidates for office

If any person corruptly give, offer or promise to any executive, legislative or judicial officer, sheriff or police officer, or to any candidate for such office, either before or after he shall have taken his seat, any gift or gratuity, with intent to influence his act, vote, opinion, decision or judgment on any matter, question, cause or proceeding, which is or may be then pending, or may by law come or be brought before him in his official capacity, he shall be guilty of a Class 4 felony and shall forfeit to the Commonwealth any such gift or gratuity given. This section shall also apply to a resident of this Commonwealth who, while temporarily absent therefrom for that purpose, shall make such gift, offer or promise.Code 1950, § 18.1-278; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1978, c. 123.