reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 45a-179. (Formerly Sec. 45-270) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-179. (Formerly Sec. 45-270) - Notice and hearing on final accounts.

 (a) When a conservator, guardian or trustee of a testamentary trust exhibits his or her final account to the Probate Court for allowance, the court shall appoint a time and place for a hearing on the account and shall cause notice of the hearing to be given as it directs. Such fiduciary shall sign the account under penalty of false statement.(b) The court shall, before approving a final account of an executor or administrator, hold a hearing thereon for which notice may be given as the court shall direct, unless all parties interested in the estate sign and file in court a written waiver of such notice.(1949 Rev., S. 7054; P.A. 80-476, S. 90; P.A. 98-219, S. 24; P.A. 99-84, S. 17; P.A. 16-7, S. 10.)History: P.A. 80-476 rephrased provisions but made no substantive changes; Sec. 45-270 transferred to Sec. 45a-179 in 1991; P.A. 98-219 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “an executor, administrator” and added Subsec. (b) re procedure for approval of final account of executor and administrator; P.A. 99-84 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “swear or affirm under oath to the truth of” and inserting “sign” and “under penalty of false statement”; P.A. 16-7 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting reference to trustee in insolvency and making a technical change.See Sec. 12-371 re estates of nonresident decedents and cooperation with other states.Annotations to former section 45-270:True condition of estate must appear from account and inventory. 21 C. 244. Cited. 32 C. 573. Annual account does not conclude the parties. 45 C. 125. The rendering of an annual account when no notice is given, not conclusive. 56 C. 442. Cited. 73 C. 442. Parties in interest may question account. 91 C. 469. Does not preclude court ordering other accounts from time to time; relation to Sec. 45-4. 92 C. 290.This is undoubtedly a judicial proceeding. 12 CS 95. Final accounting can be had only in the Probate Court which appointed the guardian. 14 CS 11.Annotation to present section:Cited. 42 CS 548.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-180. (Formerly Sec. 45-271) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-180. (Formerly Sec. 45-271) - Settlement of account of deceased fiduciary.

 Whenever an executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee of any testamentary trust dies before completing and accounting for his or her trust, the executor or administrator of the deceased fiduciary shall settle the deceased fiduciary's account in the Probate Court. The amount found due from or to the deceased fiduciary shall be paid in the same manner as it would have been paid to or by him or her if the account had been settled in his or her lifetime.(1949 Rev., S. 7055; P.A. 80-476, S. 91; P.A. 18-45, S. 6.)History: P.A. 80-476 replaced references to “decedent” with references to “deceased fiduciary”; Sec. 45-271 transferred to Sec. 45a-180 in 1991; P.A. 18-45 deleted reference to trustee in insolvency and made technical changes.Annotations to former section 45-271:Conclusiveness of orders allowing accounts. 74 C. 218; 77 C. 70; 85 C. 279. Acceptance of account showing departure from terms of trust does not justify further departures. 79 C. 555. If item omitted, acceptance of account not adjudication that it should not be included. 82 C. 33. Allowance of account filed by executor or administrator of deceased trustee, if not appealed from, is determination of rights as between trustee and his estate and beneficiaries. 124 C. 422. Accounts filed on behalf of deceased life tenant, discussed. Id., 423.Cited. 12 CS 394. Final accounting must be in the probate court which appointed the guardian. 14 CS 11.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-186a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-186a - Appeal from probate court after a hearing on the record. Transcripts. Expense.

 (a) In an appeal from an order, denial or decree of a Probate Court made after a hearing that is on the record under section 17a-498, 17a-543, 17a-543a or 17a-685, sections 45a-644 to 45a-667v, inclusive, or section 51-72 or 51-73, not later than thirty days after service is made of such appeal under section 45a-186, or within such further time as may be allowed by the Superior Court, the Probate Court shall transcribe any portion of the recording of the proceedings that has not been transcribed. The expense for such transcript shall be charged against the person who filed the appeal, except that if the person who filed the appeal is unable to pay such expense and files an affidavit with the court demonstrating the inability to pay, the expense of the transcript shall be paid by the Probate Court Administrator and paid from the Probate Court Administration Fund.(b) The Probate Court shall transmit to the Superior Court the original or a certified copy of the entire record of the proceeding from which the appeal was taken. The record shall include, but not be limited to, the findings of fact and conclusions of law, separately stated, of the Probate Court.(c) An appeal from an order, denial or decree made after a hearing on the record under section 17a-498, 17a-543, 17a-543a or 17a-685, sections 45a-644 to 45a-667v, inclusive, or section 51-72 or 51-73, shall be heard by the Superior Court without a jury, and may be referred to a state referee appointed under section 51-50l. The appeal shall be confined to the record. If alleged irregularities in procedure before the Probate Court are not shown in the record or if facts necessary to establish such alleged irregularities in procedure are not shown in the record, proof limited to such alleged irregularities may be taken in the Superior Court. The Superior Court, on request of any party, shall hear oral argument and receive written briefs.(P.A. 07-116, S. 3; P.A. 11-128, S. 12; P.A. 19-47, S. 11.)History: P.A. 11-128 amended Subsec. (a) to insert “pursuant to subsection (a) of section 45a-186” and make a technical change; P.A. 19-47 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “pursuant to subsection (a) of section 45a-186” with “under section 17a-498, 17a-543, 17a-543a or 17a-685, sections 45a-644 to 45a-667v, inclusive, or section 51-72 or 51-73” and making technical changes, amended Subsec. (b) by making technical changes and amended Subsec. (c) by adding “under section 17a-498, 17a-543, 17a-543a or 17a-685, sections 45a-644 to 45a-667v, inclusive, or section 51-72 or 51-73,” and making a technical change, effective June 26, 2019.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-186b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-186b - Appeal from probate court after a hearing on the record: Standard of review.

 In an appeal taken under section 45a-186 from a matter heard on the record in the Probate Court under section 17a-498, 17a-543, 17a-543a or 17a-685, sections 45a-644 to 45a-667v, inclusive, or section 51-72 or 51-73, the Superior Court shall not substitute its judgment for that of the Probate Court as to the weight of the evidence on questions of fact. The Superior Court shall affirm the decision of the Probate Court unless the Superior Court finds that substantial rights of the person appealing have been prejudiced because the findings, inferences, conclusions or decisions are: (1) In violation of the federal or state constitution or the general statutes, (2) in excess of the statutory authority of the Probate Court, (3) made on unlawful procedure, (4) affected by other error of law, (5) clearly erroneous in view of the reliable, probative and substantial evidence on the whole record, or (6) arbitrary or capricious or characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion. If the Superior Court finds such prejudice, the Superior Court shall sustain the appeal and, if appropriate, may render a judgment that modifies the Probate Court's order, denial or decree or remand the case to the Probate Court for further proceedings. For the purposes of this section, a remand is a final judgment.(P.A. 07-116, S. 4; P.A. 19-47, S. 12.)History: P.A. 19-47 added “under section 17a-498, 17a-543, 17a-543a or 17a-685, sections 45a-644 to 45a-667v, inclusive, or section 51-72 or 51-73” and made technical changes, effective June 26, 2019.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-186c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-186c - Appeal from probate court: Costs; waiver; tolling of appeal period.

 (a) In an appeal taken under section 45a-186, costs may be taxed in favor of the prevailing party in the same manner, and to the same extent, as such costs are allowed in judgments rendered by the Superior Court.(b) If the appellant claims that such appellant cannot pay the costs of an appeal taken under section 45a-186, the appellant shall, within the time permitted for filing the appeal, file with the clerk of the court to which the appeal is to be taken an application for waiver of payment of such costs, including the requirement of bond, if any. The application for waiver of such costs shall conform to the requirements prescribed by rule of the judges of the Superior Court. After such hearing as the court determines is necessary, the court shall render judgment on the application for waiver of such costs, which judgment shall contain a statement of the facts found by the court and the court's conclusions based on the facts found. The filing of the application for the waiver of such costs shall toll the time limits for the filing of an appeal until such time as a judgment on such application is rendered. A fiduciary acting on an order of the court made after expiration of the period of appeal shall not be liable for actions made in good faith unless such fiduciary has actual notice of the tolling of the appeal period.(P.A. 07-116, S. 5; P.A. 10-32, S. 132.)History: P.A. 10-32 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective May 10, 2010.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-188. (Formerly Sec. 45-291) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-188. (Formerly Sec. 45-291) - Timing of taking appeals by minors.

 (a) Except as provided in this section, all appeals by persons who are minors at the time of the making of the order, denial or decree appealed from shall be taken within twelve months after they arrive at the age of majority.(b) In the case of any minor who has a guardian or guardian ad litem appointed and qualified by any Probate Court in this state at the time of the making of the order, denial or decree, the minor or anyone on his or her behalf may appeal therefrom within the time provided in section 45a-186 if the guardian or guardian ad litem had legal notice of the time and place of the hearing.(c) Any judge or clerk of the Probate Court or any fiduciary may cause written notice of any order, denial or decree of the Probate Court to be given to any person of the age of majority, or to the guardian or guardian ad litem of any minor who has not had legal notice of the hearing on the proceeding at which the order, denial or decree was passed and who may be aggrieved thereby. In any such case the person, minor, guardian or guardian ad litem may appeal only within the time provided in section 45a-186 after receiving such notice.(1949 Rev., S. 7073; P.A. 80-476, S. 94; P.A. 82-277; P.A. 11-128, S. 14; P.A. 19-47, S. 14.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and restated provisions; P.A. 82-277 amended Subsec. (d) to permit the judge or clerk of the court of probate or any fiduciary to give written notice of any court decree where previously “any executor, administrator or trustee of an estate” gave such notice; Sec. 45-291 transferred to Sec. 45a-188 in 1991; P.A. 11-128 amended Subsec. (b) to delete “the time in which” and substitute “within the time provided in section 45a-186 if the guardian or guardian ad litem had legal notice of the time and place of the hearing” for provisions providing one month to appeal, deleted former Subsec. (c) re appeals by persons not inhabitants of this state, and redesignated existing Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (c) and amended same to substitute “within the time provided in section 45a-186” for “within one month”; P.A. 19-47 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) by making technical changes, effective June 26, 2019.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-189. (Formerly Sec. 45-290) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-189. (Formerly Sec. 45-290) - Amendment to appeal.

 Section 45a-189 is repealed, effective October 1, 2009.(1955, S. 2949d; P.A. 80-476, S. 95; P.A. 09-114, S. 24.)
CT Gen Stat § 45a-190. (Formerly Sec. 45-292) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-190. (Formerly Sec. 45-292) - Appeals from actions of commissioners.

 Section 45a-190 is repealed, effective July 1, 2013.(1949 Rev., S. 7074; P.A. 78-280, S. 2, 127; P.A. 80-476, S. 96; P.A. 13-81, S. 21.)
CT Gen Stat § 45a-193. (Formerly Sec. 45-295) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801b - Probate Court Procedures|Section 45a-193. (Formerly Sec. 45-295) - Appellee to give bond in Superior Court.

 (a) In any appeal from any order or decree of a Probate Court, if the appellee is the party who applied for the order or decree and if the appellee appears in the Superior Court to contest the matter being appealed, the court may, at its discretion, order the appellee to give bond to the state for the payment to the appellant of the appellant's costs of suit if judgment is rendered for the appellant.(b) If the appellee neglects to comply with the order of the court, the court may make any disposition of the case favorable to the appellant that it deems proper.(1949 Rev., S. 7077; P.A. 80-227, S. 22, 24; 80-476, S. 99; P.A. 19-47, S. 15.)History: P.A. 80-227 specified that bond be given “to the state”, effective July 1, 1981; P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and made minor changes in wording; Sec. 45-295 transferred to Sec. 45a-193 in 1991; P.A. 19-47 made technical changes in Subsec. (a).
CT Gen Stat § 45a-199. (Formerly Sec. 45-21a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802 - Fiduciaries|Section 45a-199. (Formerly Sec. 45-21a) - “Fiduciary” defined.

 As used in sections 45a-186c, 45a-202 to 45a-208, inclusive, and 45a-242 to 45a-244, inclusive, unless otherwise defined or unless otherwise required by the context, “fiduciary” includes an executor, administrator, trustee, conservator or guardian.(P.A. 80-476, S. 184; P.A. 07-116, S. 6; P.A. 10-32, S. 133.)History: Sec. 45-21a transferred to Sec. 45a-199 in 1991; P.A. 07-116 added reference to Sec. 45a-186c; P.A. 10-32 deleted references to Secs. 45a-143 and 45a-152, effective May 10, 2010.Cited. 239 C. 553.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-200. (Formerly Sec. 45-195b) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802 - Fiduciaries|Section 45a-200. (Formerly Sec. 45-195b) - Fiduciary certificate effective for one year.

 A certificate of the appointment of a fiduciary issued by the clerk of the court shall be sufficient evidence of the authority and identity of such fiduciary for all purposes for one year after the date of such issuance, in the absence of actual notice of revocation.(P.A. 80-410, S. 3.)History: Sec. 45-195b transferred to Sec. 45a-200 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-202. (Formerly Sec. 45-21) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802 - Fiduciaries|Section 45a-202. (Formerly Sec. 45-21) - When payments by fiduciaries protected.

 (a) Any person, acting as a fiduciary as defined by section 45a-199 or in any other fiduciary capacity, who in good faith makes payments or delivers property or estate pursuant to the order of the court of probate having jurisdiction before an appeal has been taken from such order, shall not be liable for the money so paid, or the property so delivered, even if the order under which such payment or delivery has been made is later reversed, vacated or set aside.(b) This section shall not prevent a recovery of such money or property by the person entitled to it from any person receiving it or in possession of it.(1949 Rev., S. 6829; P.A. 80-476, S. 185.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and rephrased provisions, substituting “fiduciary” for “executive, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee”, but made no substantive change; Sec. 45-21 transferred to Sec. 45a-202 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-21:Trustee paying fund under order of court protected. 82 C. 558. Conclusion as to good faith is a conclusion of fact. 90 C. 566. Payment of balance for distribution stated in account accepted by court, where no return of distribution was made, held not a payment “under or pursuant” to an order of Probate Court. 120 C. 183. Cited. 138 C. 17.Executrix overpaid herself as legatee and contended that allowance of those accounts by Probate Court after hearing with notice rendered res judicata her right to the payments; held that she could not, consistently with her fiduciary obligations as executrix, invoke res judicata to produce so inequitable a result. 150 C. 106.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-204. (Formerly Sec. 45-89) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802 - Fiduciaries|Section 45a-204. (Formerly Sec. 45-89) - Investments may be maintained as received.

 Trust funds received by executors, trustees, guardians or conservators may be kept invested in the securities received by them, unless it is otherwise ordered by the Court of Probate or unless the instrument under which such trust was created directs that a change of investments shall be made, and the fiduciaries thereof shall not be liable for any loss that may occur by depreciation of such securities.(1949 Rev., S. 6894; P.A. 80-476, S. 187.)History: P.A. 80-476 substituted “fiduciaries” for “trustees”; Sec. 45-89 transferred to Sec. 45a-204 in 1991.See Sec. 45a-199 for definition of “fiduciary”.Annotations to former section 45-89:Cited. 67 C. 195; 122 C. 386. Reasonable prudence to prevent loss is required. 76 C. 564; 115 C. 26. Statute does not apply where will directs replacement of investments. 79 C. 559. Borrowing to close out testator's margin accounts and protect securities pledged by him, sustained. 117 C. 582. Reorganization involving exchange of stock for shares of new corporation held not such a change as to prevent trustees from holding the new shares. 118 C. 509. Cited. 149 C. 349.Cited. 22 CS 162.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-205. (Formerly Sec. 45-259) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802 - Fiduciaries|Section 45a-205. (Formerly Sec. 45-259) - Fiduciary powers re increase in capital stock assets of estate.

 Whenever any fiduciary holds shares of the stock of any corporation as assets of the estate in his charge and there is an increase of the capital stock of any such corporation, such fiduciary may, with the consent of the court of probate having jurisdiction of such estate, (1) subscribe for and take the shares of the increased capital stock to which such estate may be entitled or (2) sell and transfer to others the right to subscribe for such shares.(1949 Rev., S. 7044; P.A. 80-476, S. 188.)History: P.A. 80-476 substituted “fiduciary” for “executor, administrator, trustee, conservator or guardian” and made other minor changes; Sec. 45-259 transferred to Sec. 45a-205 in 1991.See Sec. 45a-199 for definition of “fiduciary”.Annotation to former section 45-259:Cited. 79 C. 561.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-207. (Formerly Sec. 45-193) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802 - Fiduciaries|Section 45a-207. (Formerly Sec. 45-193) - Investments held by foreign corporation as executor or trustee; use of nominee.

 (a) Except as otherwise provided by this section, all investments held, as executor or testamentary trustee of the estate of any resident of this state or of any nonresident leaving property within this state, by any foreign corporation which is qualified to act as executor or testamentary trustee in this state as provided by section 45a-206, shall be segregated and shall not be mingled with other assets of such foreign corporation or with the investments of any other trust, and shall, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, be so held as clearly to set forth the fiduciary capacity in which such foreign corporation is acting.(b) A foreign corporation which is appointed to act in this state pursuant to the provisions of section 45a-206, owning stock as a trustee, may deposit or arrange for the deposit of such stock or other securities in a clearing corporation, as defined in subdivision (5) of subsection (a) of section 42a-8-102, and may hold it in the name of a nominee, including the nominee of such clearing corporation, without mention of the trust in the stock certificate or stock registration book; provided (1) the trust records and all reports or accounts rendered by the trustee clearly show the ownership of the stock by the trustee and the facts regarding its holding; and (2) except for stock and other securities deposited in a clearing corporation, the nominee shall deposit with the trustee a signed statement showing the trust ownership, shall either endorse the stock certificate in blank or execute a power of attorney for transfer in blank, and shall not have possession of the stock certificate or access thereto except under the immediate supervision of the trustee. The trustee shall be personally liable for any loss to the trust resulting from any act of such nominee in connection with stock so held. If such foreign corporation is acting as trustee with one or more cotrustees, it shall secure, in advance, the consent, in writing, of such cotrustee or cotrustees to the registration of stock in the name of a nominee, and such cotrustees are authorized to consent thereto. As used in this section, “trustee” includes executors and testamentary trustees of the estates of any residents of this state or of any nonresidents leaving property within this state.(1951, S. 2928d; P.A. 73-332; P.A. 80-476, S. 190; P.A. 03-19, S. 98.)History: P.A. 73-332 authorized deposit of stock in clearing corporations in Subsec. (2); P.A. 80-476 replaced numeric Subsec. indicators with alphabetic indicators and alphabetic Subdiv. indicators with numerics, changing internal reference in Subsec. (a) accordingly; Sec. 45-193 transferred to Sec. 45a-207 in 1991; P.A. 03-19 made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective May 12, 2003.See Sec. 45a-199 for definition of “fiduciary”.