reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2A-03A (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2A - Health Care Malpractice Claims|Section 3-2A-03A - Health Claims Arbitration Fund

    (a)    There is a Health Claims Arbitration Fund.    (b)    At the time of the filing of any claim or a response to a claim, the Director shall collect a fee of:        (1)    $40 for the filing of the claim, including any third–party claim; and        (2)    $25 for the filing of the response to the claim.    (c)    (1)    The Director shall pay all filing fees collected under this subtitle to the Comptroller of the State.        (2)    The Comptroller shall distribute:            (i)    20% of the filing fees received from the Director to the General Fund of the State; and            (ii)    The balance of the filing fees to the Health Care Alternative Dispute Resolution Office.    (d)    (1)    The Fund shall be used exclusively to pay the fees of arbitrators and other operating expenses of the Health Care Alternative Dispute Resolution Office.        (2)    In accordance with the assessment of costs under § 3–2A–05(f) of this subtitle, the parties to an arbitration shall reimburse the Fund for all fees paid to the arbitrators from the Fund.    (e)    (1)    The Fund is a continuing, nonlapsing fund and is not subject to § 7–302 of the State Finance and Procurement Article.        (2)    (i)    Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, any unspent portions of the Fund may not be transferred or revert to the General Fund of the State, but shall remain in the Fund to be used for the purposes specified under this subtitle.            (ii)    Unspent portions of the Fund that exceed $100,000 at the end of any fiscal year shall revert to the General Fund.    (f)    (1)    The Director shall administer the Fund.        (2)    Money in the Fund may be expended only for any lawful purpose authorized by this subtitle.    (g)    The Legislative Auditor shall audit the accounts and transactions of the Fund as provided in § 2–1220 of the State Government Article.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2A-07 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2A - Health Care Malpractice Claims|Section 3-2A-07 - Award of Costs; Counsel Fees

    (a)    If the arbitration panel finds that the conduct of any party in maintaining or defending any action is in bad faith or without substantial justification, the panel may require the offending party, the attorney advising the conduct, or both, to pay to the adverse party the costs of the proceeding and reasonable expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, incurred by the adverse party in opposing it. A determination made under this subsection shall become part of the panel award and subject to judicial review.    (b)    If a legal fee is in dispute, an attorney may not charge or collect compensation for services rendered in connection with an arbitration claim unless it is approved by the arbitration panel, or by the court in the event an action to nullify a panel determination has been filed therein.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2A-08 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2A - Health Care Malpractice Claims|Section 3-2A-08 - Effect of Advance Payment

    (a)    Evidence of advanced payments made pursuant to § 19-104(b) of the Insurance Article is not admissible in any arbitration or judicial proceeding for damages due to medical injury until there is an award, in the case of arbitration proceedings, or a verdict, in the case of judicial proceedings, in favor of the claimant and against the person who made the advanced payments. Upon the finding of such an award or verdict, the arbitration panel, or the trier of fact, shall make a finding of total damages, and shall then deduct whatever amounts it finds were paid by or on behalf of the defendants pursuant to § 19-104(b) of the Insurance Article. The net amount, after this deduction, shall be entered as its award or verdict.    (b)    If the award or verdict exceeds the amount of advanced payments and the arbitration panel or the court finds that the advanced payments were reasonable, the panel or the court may (1) order that the amount by which the award or verdict exceeds the amount of advanced payments be paid over a period of time consistent with the needs of the claimant, rather than in a lump sum, and (2) authorize, as part of its order, the creation of a trust or other mechanism to assure the periodic payments. The panel or court shall provide to the claimant the option to choose either a lump sum or payments paid over a period of time.    (c)    If the advanced payment exceeds the liability of the person making it, the arbitration panel or the court on appeal may order such adjustments as justice may require under the award or verdict, including, where appropriate, contribution by other parties found to be liable. In no event shall an advance payment in excess of the liability of the person making it be repayable by the person receiving it.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2A-08A (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2A - Health Care Malpractice Claims|Section 3-2A-08A - Offer of Judgment

    (a)    In this section, “costs” means the costs described under Maryland Rule 2-603.    (b)    This section does not apply to cases dismissed following a settlement.    (c)    (1)    At any time not less than 45 days before the trial begins, a party to an action for a medical injury may serve on the adverse party an offer of judgment to be taken for the amount of money specified in the offer, with costs then accrued.        (2)    When the liability of one party to another has been determined by verdict or order or judgment, but the amount or extent of the liability remains to be determined by further proceedings, a party adjudged liable or a party in whose favor liability was determined may make an offer of judgment not less than 45 days before the commencement of hearings to determine the amount or extent of liability.    (d)    (1)    If within 15 days after the service of the offer of judgment, the adverse party serves written notice that the offer is accepted, either party may then file with the court the offer and notice of acceptance together with an affidavit of service notifying the other parties of the filing of the offer and acceptance.        (2)    If the court receives the filings specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the court shall enter judgment.    (e)    (1)    If an adverse party does not accept an offer of judgment within the time specified in subsection (d)(1) of this section, the offer shall be deemed withdrawn and evidence of the offer is not admissible except in a proceeding to determine costs.        (2)    An offer of judgment that is not accepted does not preclude a party from making a subsequent offer of judgment in the time specified in this section.    (f)    If the judgment finally obtained is not more favorable to the adverse party than the offer, the adverse party who received the offer shall pay the costs of the party making the offer incurred after the making of the offer.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2A-10 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2A - Health Care Malpractice Claims|Section 3-2A-10 - Construction of Subtitle

    Except as otherwise provided in §§ 3-2A-08A and 3-2A-09 of this subtitle, the provisions of this subtitle shall be deemed procedural in nature and may not be construed to create, enlarge, or diminish any cause of action not heretofore existing, except the defense of failure to comply with the procedures required under this subtitle.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-01 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-01 - Definitions

    (a)    In this subtitle the following terms have the meanings indicated.    (b)    “Arbitral tribunal” means a sole arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators.    (c)    (1)    “International commercial arbitration” means an arbitration in which:            (i)    The relevant place of business of at least 1 of the parties to the agreement is in a country other than the United States; or            (ii)    If none of the parties has a relevant place of business in a country other than the United States, the relationship between any of the parties to an arbitration agreement involves property located abroad, envisages performance or enforcement abroad, or has some other reasonable relation with 1 or more foreign countries.        (2)    (i)    If a party has more than 1 place of business, the relevant place of business shall be the place of business:                1.    That has the closest relationship to the arbitration agreement; or                2.    Designated by the agreement of the parties.            (ii)    If a party does not have a place of business, the party’s habitual residence shall be deemed the place of business.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-02 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-02 - Purpose

    The purpose of this subtitle is to:         (1)    Promote international commercial arbitration in this State;        (2)    Enforce arbitration agreements by parties in international commercial transactions;        (3)    Facilitate the prompt and efficient resolution by arbitration of disputes in international commercial agreements and transactions; and        (4)    Promote uniformity in the law of international commercial arbitration in the United States.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-03 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-03 - Applicable Laws; Construction

    (a)    In all matters relating to the process and enforcement of international commercial arbitration and awards, the laws of Maryland shall be the arbitration statutes and laws of the United States.    (b)    This subtitle shall be interpreted and construed as to promote uniformity in the law of international commercial arbitration in the United States.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-04 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-04 - Jurisdiction of Courts

    The circuit courts of this State shall have jurisdiction:         (1)    To enforce agreements and orders providing for international commercial arbitration;        (2)    To enter judgments on arbitration awards; and        (3)    To recognize and enforce in accordance with this subtitle arbitration awards rendered in foreign countries.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-05 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-05 - Filing of Complaints

    (a)    Any complaint filed in circuit court with respect to international commercial arbitration shall be filed with the court in the county:        (1)    As provided by the agreement; or        (2)    Where the arbitration hearing was held.    (b)    If the agreement does not provide for a county in which a complaint shall be filed or if the hearing has not been held, the complaint shall be filed with the court:        (1)    In the county where the adverse party resides;        (2)    In the county where the adverse party has a place of business or owns real property; or        (3)    If the adverse party has neither a residence nor a place of business or property in the State, in Baltimore City.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-06 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-06 - Security

    (a)    Unless the arbitration agreement provides otherwise, the arbitral tribunal in an international commercial arbitration in this State may, at the request of a party and after an opportunity for any other party to the arbitration agreement to be heard, order any party to post security or countersecurity in a form satisfactory to the arbitral tribunal in an amount not to exceed the amount of that party’s claim, cross-claim, or counterclaim (excluding attorneys’ fees) if:        (1)    The party to be required to post security or countersecurity resides in a country that has not ratified and adopted the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and does not have sufficient assets in the United States to satisfy the amount of the claim or counterclaim; or        (2)    The arbitral tribunal otherwise determines that there is good cause to require security or countersecurity.    (b)    (1)    On motion of a party to a circuit court to vacate or modify an order for security or countersecurity, a hearing shall be held promptly.        (2)    Unless the party required to post security or countersecurity establishes that an order for security or countersecurity is an abuse of discretion by the arbitral tribunal, the courts of this State shall enforce orders for security or countersecurity.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-07 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-07 - Intervention by Court

    (a)    In an international commercial arbitration proceeding in this State, a court of this State may not intervene unless otherwise permitted by this subtitle and the statutes and laws incorporated by this subtitle.    (b)    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the court shall make any determination provided for in this subtitle without a jury.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-08 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-08 - Appeal

    (a)    A party to an action involving international commercial arbitration may appeal:        (1)    An order:            (i)    Refusing a stay of any court action involving a matter referable to arbitration;            (ii)    Denying a motion to order arbitration to proceed;            (iii)    Denying application to compel arbitration;            (iv)    Confirming or denying confirmation of an award or partial award; or            (v)    Modifying, correcting, or vacating an award;        (2)    An interlocutory order granting, continuing, or modifying an injunction against arbitration; or        (3)    A final decision with respect to an arbitration that is subject to this subtitle.    (b)    An appeal from the circuit court in an action involving international commercial arbitration may not be taken from an interlocutory order:        (1)    Granting a stay of any court action involving a matter referable to arbitration;        (2)    Directing arbitration to proceed;        (3)    Compelling arbitration; or        (4)    Refusing to enjoin an arbitration.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2B-09 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2B - International Commercial Arbitration|Section 3-2B-09 - Short Title

    This subtitle may be cited as the Maryland International Commercial Arbitration Act.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2C-01 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2C - Malpractice Claims Against Licensed Professionals|Section 3-2C-01 - Definitions

    (a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    “Claim” means a civil action, including an original claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, originally filed in a circuit court or United States District Court against a licensed professional or the employer, partnership, or other entity through which the licensed professional performed professional services that is based on the licensed professional’s alleged negligent act or omission in rendering professional services, within the scope of the professional’s license, permit, or certificate, for others.    (c)    “Licensed professional” means:        (1)    An architect licensed under Title 3 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article;        (2)    An interior designer certified under Title 8 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article;        (3)    A landscape architect licensed under Title 9 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article;        (4)    A professional engineer licensed under Title 14 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article; or        (5)    A professional land surveyor or property line surveyor licensed under Title 15 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article.    (d)    (1)    “Qualified expert” means an individual who is a licensed professional, or comparably licensed or certified professional under the laws of another jurisdiction, knowledgeable in the accepted standard of care in the same discipline as the licensed professional against whom a claim is filed.        (2)    “Qualified expert” does not include:            (i)    A party to the claim;            (ii)    An employee or partner of a party;            (iii)    An employee or stockholder of a professional corporation of which a party is a stockholder; or            (iv)    A person having a financial interest in the outcome of the claim.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-2C-02 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 2C - Malpractice Claims Against Licensed Professionals|Section 3-2C-02 - Certificate of Qualified Expert

    (a)    (1)    Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, a claim shall be dismissed, without prejudice, if the claimant fails to file a certificate of a qualified expert with the court.        (2)    A certificate of a qualified expert shall:            (i)    Contain a statement from a qualified expert attesting that the licensed professional failed to meet an applicable standard of professional care;            (ii)    Subject to the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section, be filed within 90 days after the claim is filed; and            (iii)    Be served on all other parties to the claim or the parties’ attorneys of record in accordance with the Maryland Rules.    (b)    (1)    Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, on written request made by the claimant within 30 days of the date the claim is served, the defendant shall produce documentary evidence that would be otherwise discoverable, if the documentary evidence is reasonably necessary in order to obtain a certificate of a qualified expert.        (2)    (i)    The defendant may move for a protective order to limit the disclosure of documentary evidence requested under this subsection to protect the defendant from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense.            (ii)    On motion by the defendant under this paragraph, the court:                1.    Shall review the claimant’s request for documentary evidence; and                2.    For good cause shown, may issue a protective order specifying the documentary evidence that the defendant is required to produce.        (3)    The time for filing a certificate of a qualified expert shall begin on the date on which the defendant’s production of the documentary evidence under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection is completed.        (4)    The defendant’s failure to produce the requested documentary evidence under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection shall constitute a waiver of the requirement that the claimant file a certificate of a qualified expert as to that defendant.    (c)    (1)    Upon written request by the claimant and a finding of good cause by the court, the court may waive or modify the requirement for the filing of the certificate of a qualified expert.        (2)    The time for filing the certificate of merit of a qualified expert shall be suspended until the court rules on the request and, absent an order to the contrary, the certificate shall be filed within 90 days of the court’s ruling.    (d)    Discovery by the defendant as to the basis of the certificate of a qualified expert shall be available.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-301 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 3 - Attachment|Section 3-301 - Attachment on Judgment or Decree

    (a)    A court of equity or a court of law, including the District Court, may issue an attachment on a judgment or decree in lieu of any other execution.    (b)    A plaintiff may attach a debt due the defendant on a judgment or decree of a court of law or equity, including the District Court.    (c)    If the property attached consists of a debt due the defendant on a judgment, the attachment does not prevent the issuance of execution of the judgment, provided the writ of execution shall direct the proceeds of the execution to be brought into court, subject to further order of the court to abide the result in the attachment.
MD. Courts and Judicial Proceedings Code Ann. §  3-302 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Courts and Judicial Proceedings|Title 3 - Courts of General Jurisdiction -- Jurisdiction/special Causes of Action|Subtitle 3 - Attachment|Section 3-302 - Attachment Before Judgment -- Authority of Courts

    A court of law including the District Court, within the limits of its jurisdiction, may issue an attachment at the commencement of the action or while it is pending against any property or credits, whether matured or unmatured, belonging to the debtor upon the application of the plaintiff in the action.