reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 1-238 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-238. Reenacted

Reenacted, when used in the title or enactment of a bill or act of the General Assembly, means that the changes enacted to a section of the Code of Virginia or an act of the General Assembly are in addition to the existing substantive provisions in that section or act, and are effective prospectively unless the bill expressly provides that such changes are effective retroactively on a specified date.The provisions of this section are declaratory of existing public policy and law.2001, c. 720, § 1-13.39:3; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-239 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-239. Repeal not to affect liabilities; mitigation of punishment

No new act of the General Assembly shall be construed to repeal a former law, as to any offense committed against the former law, or as to any act done, any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising under the former law, or in any way whatever to affect any such offense or act so committed or done, or any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment so incurred, or any right accrued, or claim arising before the new act of the General Assembly takes effect; except that the proceedings thereafter held shall conform, so far as practicable, to the laws in force at the time of such proceedings; and if any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment be mitigated by any provision of the new act of the General Assembly, such provision may, with the consent of the party affected, be applied to any judgment pronounced after the new act of the General Assembly takes effect.Code 1919, § 6, § 1-16; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-240 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-240. Repeal not to revive former act

When an act of the General Assembly that has repealed another act shall itself be repealed, the previous act shall not be revived without express words to that effect, unless the act repealing it be passed during the same session.Code 1919, § 7, § 1-17; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-240.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-240.1. Rights of parents

A parent has a fundamental right to make decisions concerning the upbringing, education, and care of the parent's child.2013, cc. 668, 678.
VA Code § 1-241 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-241. Seal

Seal, when required to be affixed by any court or public office to any paper, includes an impression or print of such official seal made upon the paper. When the seal of any natural person is required, it shall be sufficient for the person to place a mark intended as a seal.Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, § 1-13; 1950, p. 23, § 1-13.25; 1975, c. 500; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-242 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-242. Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections

Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections, whenever the Committee is referred to as an appointing authority, means the Senate Committee designated under the Rules of the Senate to make Senate appointments to study committees and commissions.2004, c. 709, § 1-13.25:1; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-243 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-243. Severability

The provisions of acts of the General Assembly or the application thereof to any person or circumstances that are held invalid shall not affect the validity of other acts, provisions, or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provisions or applications. The provisions of all acts, except for the title of the act, are severable unless (i) the act specifically provides that its provisions are not severable; or (ii) it is apparent that two or more acts or provisions must operate in accord with one another.1986, c. 239, § 1-17.1; 1987, c. 56; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-244 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-244. Short title citations

Whenever a subtitle, chapter, or article does not have a section or provision establishing or authorizing a short title citation for such subtitle, chapter or article, such subtitle, chapter or article may be cited by its caption. The caption is that word or group of words appearing directly below the numerical designation given the subtitle, chapter or article. Captions are intended as mere catchwords to indicate the contents of the subtitles, chapters, and articles and do not constitute part of the act of the General Assembly.1993, c. 308, § 1-13.9:1; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-245 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-245. State

State, when applied to a part of the United States, includes any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands.Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, § 1-13; 1950, p. 23, § 1-13.26; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 49; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-246 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-246. Stricken language or italics

Stricken language for deletions and italics for additions or changes may be used in legislative drafts, printed bills, enrolled bills, and printed Acts of Assembly, in an attempt to call attention to amendments to existing acts of the General Assembly. The stricken language and italics shall not be construed as evidence of amendments to acts of the General Assembly.1950, p. 24, § 1-13.34; 1986, c. 155; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-247 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-247. Summaries of legislation

Any legislative summary associated with a bill, joint resolution or resolution, including any summary appearing on the face of such legislation, shall not constitute a part of the legislation considered, agreed to, or enacted, and shall not be used to indicate or infer legislative intent.1997, c. 375, § 30-19.03:2; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-248 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-248. Supremacy of federal and state law

The Constitution and laws of the United States and of the Commonwealth shall be supreme. Any ordinance, resolution, bylaw, rule, regulation, or order of any governing body or any corporation, board, or number of persons shall not be inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States or of the Commonwealth.Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, § 1-13; 1950, p. 22, § 1-13.17; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-249 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-249. Supreme Court

Supreme Court means the Supreme Court of Virginia.1975, c. 36, § 1-13.27:2; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-250 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-250. Swear; sworn

Swear or "sworn" means "affirm" or "affirmed."Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, § 1-13; 1950, p. 23, § 1-13.28; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-251 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-251. Systems of state highways

Systems of state highways means all systems of highways within the Commonwealth over which the Commonwealth Transportation Board exercises jurisdiction and control. In context, such words shall apply to the extent, but only to the extent, that the Commonwealth Transportation Board exercises such jurisdiction and control.1970, c. 136, § 1-13.40; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-252 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-252. Tier-city

Tier-city means an incorporated community within a consolidated county that (i) has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more, (ii) has been designated as a tier-city by the General Assembly, and (iii) has both the powers of a town and such additional powers as may be granted tier-cities by the General Assembly. All references in this Code and the acts of the General Assembly to towns shall be deemed references to tier-cities, except to the extent tier-cities may be specifically excluded or where the context requires otherwise.1984, c. 695, §§ 1-13.28:1, 1-13.28:2; 1989, c. 493; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-253 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-253. Time zone

The United States Eastern Standard Time shall be in effect in all parts of the Commonwealth except during the period when the United States Eastern Daylight Time shall be in effect as provided by federal law. This section shall not be construed to be in contravention of federal law, or duly authorized orders of the United States Secretary of Transportation with respect to the time zones of the United States and the application of standard time to interstate commerce and other matters within such zones.In all laws, statutes, orders, decrees, rules and regulations relating to the time of performance of any act by any officer or agency of the Commonwealth, or any political subdivision thereof, or relating to the time in which any rights shall accrue or determine, or within which any act shall or shall not be performed by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the Commonwealth, and in all public schools, institutions of the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions, and contracts or choses in action made or to be performed in the Commonwealth, it shall be understood and intended that the time applicable thereto or referred to or implied therein shall be the United States Eastern Standard Time, or the United States Eastern Daylight Time, when and during such is in effect.1946, p. 103; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 5b; 1952, c. 637, § 1-15; 1962, c. 617; 1964, c. 646; 1966, c. 581; 1988, c. 177; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-254 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-254. Town

Town means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July 1, 1971, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law.Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, § 1-13; 1950, p. 24, § 1-13.29; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 49; 1995, c. 155; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-255 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-255. United States

United States includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States Virgin Islands.Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, § 1-13; 1950, p. 24, § 1-13.31; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-256 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-256. Weights and measurements; metric equivalents

Words or terms relating to the customary system of weights and measurements include their International System (SI) metric equivalents, but shall not require the posting or publishing of the equivalents along with the customary system of weights and measurements.1980, c. 465. § 1-15.2; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-257 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction|§ 1-257. Written; writing; in writing

Written, "writing," and "in writing" include any representation of words, letters, symbols, numbers, or figures, whether (i) printed or inscribed on a tangible medium or (ii) stored in an electronic or other medium and retrievable in a perceivable form and whether an electronic signature authorized by Chapter 42.1 (§ 59.1-479 et seq.) of Title 59.1 is or is not affixed.Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, § 1-13; 1950, p. 24, § 1-13.32; 1999, c. 145; 2000, c. 995; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-300 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-300. Boundaries

The territory and boundaries of the Commonwealth shall be and remain the same as they were after the Constitution of Virginia was adopted on June 29, 1776, except for the territory that constitutes West Virginia and its boundaries, and other boundary adjustments as provided in this chapter.Code 1950, § 7-1; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-1; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-301 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-301. Extent of territory of the Commonwealth after the Constitution of 1776

The authorities in determining the extent of the territory of the Commonwealth after the adoption of the Constitution of 1776 shall consist of:1. The charter of April 10, 1606, granted by James the First, in the fourth year of his reign, that authorized the first plantation at any place upon the coast of the Commonwealth between the thirty-fourth and forty-first degrees of north latitude; and granted the territory from the seat of the plantation (which under this charter was begun at Jamestown), for 50 miles along the coast towards the west and southwest, as the coast lay, and for 50 miles along the coast, towards the east and northeast, or towards the north, as the coast lay, together with all the islands within 100 miles directly over against the seacoast, and all the territory from the same 50 miles every way on the seacoast, directly into the mainland for the space of 100 miles.2. The second charter of James, dated May 23, 1609, in the seventh year of his reign, that granted all the territory from the point of land called Cape or Point Comfort, all along the seacoast to the northward 200 miles, and from the point of Cape Comfort all along the seacoast to the southward 200 miles, and all that space and circuit of land lying from the seacoast of the precinct, up into the land, throughout from sea to sea, west and northwest, and also all the islands lying within 100 miles along the coast of both seas of the precinct aforesaid.3. The third charter of James, dated March 12, 1611-12, in the ninth year of his reign, that granted all the islands in any part of the seas within 300 leagues of any territory granted in the former patents.4. The 1763 treaty of peace between Great Britain and France that established a line along the middle of the river Mississippi and became the Commonwealth's western boundary.5. Section 21 of the Constitution of Virginia adopted June 29, 1776, that ceded, released, and confirmed to the people of Maryland, Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina, such parts of the territory of the Commonwealth as were contained within the charters erecting those colonies, with all the rights in those parts that might have been claimed by the Commonwealth, except the free navigation of the Rivers Potomac and Pocomoke, with the property of the Commonwealth shore or strands bordering on either of the rivers, and all improvements thereon; and that at the same time laid down in the section that the western and northern extent of the Commonwealth should in all other respects stand as fixed by the charter of James the First, granted in 1609, and by the treaty of peace between Great Britain and France in 1763, unless by act of the legislature one or more territories should thereafter be laid off, and governments established, westward of the Alleghany mountains.Code 1950, § 7-1; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-1; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-302 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-302. Jurisdiction and ownership of Commonwealth over offshore waters and submerged lands

A. The jurisdiction of the Commonwealth shall extend to and over, and be exercisable with respect to:1. Waters offshore from the coasts of the Commonwealth for a distance of three geographical miles as determined by appropriate metes and bounds surveys approved by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science and the Virginia Marine Resources Commission in consultation with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management pursuant to a decree of the United States Supreme Court in U.S. v. Maine, 423 U.S. 1 (1975), and the Submerged Lands Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1301 et seq.2. All submerged lands, including the subsurface thereof, lying under the waters listed in subdivision 1.B. The ownership of the waters and submerged lands enumerated or described in subsection A shall be in the Commonwealth unless it shall be, with respect to any given parcel or area, in any other person or entity by virtue of a valid and effective instrument of conveyance or by operation of law.C. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to limit or restrict in any way:1. The jurisdiction of the Commonwealth over any person or with respect to any subject within or without the Commonwealth which jurisdiction is exercisable by reason of citizenship, residence, or for any other reason recognized by law.2. The jurisdiction or ownership of or over any other waters or submerged lands, within or forming part of the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Nor shall anything in this section be construed to impair the exercise of legislative jurisdiction by the United States over any area to which such jurisdiction has been validly ceded by the Commonwealth and that remains in the ownership of the United States.D. Nothing in this section shall alter the geographic area to which any act of the General Assembly applies if the act specifies the area precisely in miles or by some other numerical designation of distance or position. However, nothing in the act or in this section shall be construed as a waiver or relinquishment of jurisdiction or ownership by the Commonwealth over or in any area to which such jurisdiction or ownership extends by virtue of this section or any other provision or rule of law.Code 1950, § 7-1.1; 1960, c. 518; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-2; 1972, c. 689; 2005, c. 839; 2016, c. 371.
VA Code § 1-303 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-303. Cession of territory northwest of Ohio River

A. The territory northwest of the Ohio River ceded by the Commonwealth shall be and remain the same as provided by:1. An act of the General Assembly passed on January 2, 1781, that resolved that this Commonwealth would on certain conditions yield for the benefit of the United States all her right to the territory northwest of the Ohio River.2. An act of the General Assembly passed on December 20, 1783, that authorized the transfer to the United States, subject to the terms and conditions contained in the act of the United States Congress passed on September 13, 1783 and the deed of cession that was made accordingly.3. An act of the General Assembly passed on December 30, 1788, whereby, after referring to an ordinance for the government of the territory, passed by the United States Congress on July 13, 1787, and reciting a particular article declared in the ordinance to be part of the compact between the original states and the people and states in the territory, the article of compact was ratified and confirmed.B. Such cession shall be deemed and taken according to the true intent and meaning of the acts and deed, and subject to all the terms and conditions therein expressed.Code 1950, § 7-2; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-3; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-304 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-304. Boundary with North Carolina

The boundary line between the Commonwealth and North Carolina shall be and remain the same as the line run by Fry and Jefferson, and afterwards extended by Walker and Smith and approved on December 7, 1791, by an act of the General Assembly.Code 1950, § 7-3; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-4; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-305 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-305. Boundary with North Carolina eastward from low-water mark of Atlantic Ocean

The boundary line between the Commonwealth and North Carolina eastward from the low-water mark of the Atlantic Ocean shall be and remains the line beginning at the intersection with the low-water mark of the Atlantic Ocean and the existing North Carolina-Virginia boundary line; thence due east to the seaward jurisdictional limit of Virginia; such boundary line to be extended on the true 90 degree bearing as far as a need for further delimitation may arise.1970, c. 343, § 7.1-4.1; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-306 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-306. Boundary with Tennessee

The boundary line between the Commonwealth and Tennessee shall be and remain the same as established by the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Tennessee v. Virginia, 190 U.S. 64 (1903), and the compact between the Commonwealth and Tennessee approved on February 9, 1901, by an act of the General Assembly.Code 1950, § 7-4; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-5; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-307 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-307. Compact and boundary with Kentucky

A. Except such part as may constitute the boundary line between West Virginia and the Commonwealth of Kentucky, the boundary between this Commonwealth and the Commonwealth of Kentucky, shall be and remain as the line approved on January 13, 1800, by an act of the General Assembly.B. The articles set forth in the act of separation of the Commonwealth of Kentucky from this Commonwealth adopted by the General Assembly on December 18, 1789, shall be and remain a solemn compact mutually binding on the Commonwealths of Virginia and Kentucky, and unalterable by either without the consent of the other.Code 1950, § 7-5; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-6; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-308 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-308. Boundary with Maryland

The Black-Jenkins Award, which established the boundary line between the Commonwealth and Maryland and was ratified on March 14, 1878, by an act of the General Assembly shall be and remain obligatory on this Commonwealth and the citizens thereof, and shall be forever observed and kept by the Commonwealth and all of its citizens according to the true intent and meaning of the same, and to that end the faith of the Commonwealth stands pledged.Code 1950, § 7-6; 1966, c. 102, § 7.1-7; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 1-309 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 1 - General Provisions|Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth|§ 1-309. Boundary with Maryland eastward from Assateague Island

The boundary line between the Commonwealth and Maryland eastward from Assateague Island shall be and remain as follows: Beginning at a point on the Maryland-Virginia line located on Assateague Island designated as station "Pope Island Life Saving Station (1907)" defined by latitude 38°01'36.93" and longitude 75 degrees14'47.105"; thence running N 84°05'43.5" E (true) - 1,100.00 feet to station "Atlantic"; thence due east (true) to the Maryland-Virginia jurisdictional limit.1970, c. 342, § 7.1-7.1; 2005, c. 839.