reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Govt Code § 815 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 815.

815.  Except as otherwise provided by statute:(a) A public entity is not liable for an injury, whether such injury arises out of an act or omission of the public entity or a public employee or any other person.(b) The liability of a public entity established by this part (commencing with Section 814) is subject to any immunity of the public entity provided by statute, including this part, and is subject to any defenses that would be available to the public entity if it were a private person.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 815.2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 815.2.

815.2.  (a) A public entity is liable for injury proximately caused by an act or omission of an employee of the public entity within the scope of his employment if the act or omission would, apart from this section, have given rise to a cause of action against that employee or his personal representative.(b) Except as otherwise provided by statute, a public entity is not liable for an injury resulting from an act or omission of an employee of the public entity where the employee is immune from liability.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 815.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 815.4.

815.4.  A public entity is liable for injury proximately caused by a tortious act or omission of an independent contractor of the public entity to the same extent that the public entity would be subject to such liability if it were a private person. Nothing in this section subjects a public entity to liability for the act or omission of an independent contractor if the public entity would not have been liable for the injury had the act or omission been that of an employee of the public entity.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 815.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 815.6.

815.6.  Where a public entity is under a mandatory duty imposed by an enactment that is designed to protect against the risk of a particular kind of injury, the public entity is liable for an injury of that kind proximately caused by its failure to discharge the duty unless the public entity establishes that it exercised reasonable diligence to discharge the duty.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 816 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 816.

816.  A public entity is not liable for injury arising out of any activity conducted by a member of the California National Guard pursuant to Section 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of Title 32 of the United States Code and compensated pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act.It is the intent of the Legislature, in enacting this section, to conform state law regarding liability for activities of the National Guard to federal law as expressed in Public Law 97-124.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 616, Sec. 1.)
CA Govt Code § 818 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.

818.  Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a public entity is not liable for damages awarded under Section 3294 of the Civil Code or other damages imposed primarily for the sake of example and by way of punishing the defendant.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 818.2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.2.

818.2.  A public entity is not liable for an injury caused by adopting or failing to adopt an enactment or by failing to enforce any law.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 818.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.4.

818.4.  A public entity is not liable for an injury caused by the issuance, denial, suspension or revocation of, or by the failure or refusal to issue, deny, suspend or revoke, any permit, license, certificate, approval, order, or similar authorization where the public entity or an employee of the public entity is authorized by enactment to determine whether or not such authorization should be issued, denied, suspended or revoked.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 818.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.5.

818.5.  The Department of Motor Vehicles is liable for any injury to a lienholder or good faith purchaser of a vehicle proximately caused by the department’s negligent omission of the lienholder’s name from an ownership certificate issued by the department. The liability of the department under this section shall not exceed the actual cash value of the vehicle.(Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 437, Sec. 2.)
CA Govt Code § 818.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.6.

818.6.  A public entity is not liable for injury caused by its failure to make an inspection, or by reason of making an inadequate or negligent inspection, of any property, other than its property (as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 830), for the purpose of determining whether the property complies with or violates any enactment or contains or constitutes a hazard to health or safety.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 818.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.7.

818.7.  No board, commission, or any public officer or employee of the state or of any district, county, city and county, or city is liable for any damage or injury to any person resulting from the publication of any reports, records, prints, or photographs of or concerning any person convicted of violation of any law relating to the use, sale, or possession of controlled substances, when such publication is to school authorities for use in instruction on the subject of controlled substances or to any person when used for the purpose of general education. However, the name of any person concerning whom any such reports, records, prints, or photographs are used shall be kept confidential and every reasonable effort shall be made to maintain as confidential any information which may tend to identify such person.(Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 1635, Sec. 40.)
CA Govt Code § 818.8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.8.

818.8.  A public entity is not liable for an injury caused by misrepresentation by an employee of the public entity, whether or not such misrepresentation be negligent or intentional.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 818.9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 2 - Liability of Public Entities|Section 818.9.

818.9.  A court or county, its employees, independent contractors, and volunteers shall not be liable because of any advice provided to small claims court litigants or potential litigants as a public service on behalf of the court or county pursuant to the Small Claims Act (Chapter 5.5 (commencing with Section 116.110) of Title 1 of Part 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure).(Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 806, Sec. 24. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Govt Code § 820 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.

820.  (a) Except as otherwise provided by statute (including Section 820.2), a public employee is liable for injury caused by his act or omission to the same extent as a private person.(b) The liability of a public employee established by this part (commencing with Section 814) is subject to any defenses that would be available to the public employee if he were a private person.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 820.2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.2.

820.2.  Except as otherwise provided by statute, a public employee is not liable for an injury resulting from his act or omission where the act or omission was the result of the exercise of the discretion vested in him, whether or not such discretion be abused.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 820.21 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.21.

820.21.  (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, the civil immunity of juvenile court social workers, child protection workers, and other public employees authorized to initiate or conduct investigations or proceedings pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 200) of Part 1 of Division 2 of the Welfare and Institutions Code shall not extend to any of the following, if committed with malice:(1) Perjury.(2) Fabrication of evidence.(3) Failure to disclose known exculpatory evidence.(4) Obtaining testimony by duress, as defined in Section 1569 of the Civil Code, fraud, as defined in either Section 1572 or Section 1573 of the Civil Code, or undue influence, as defined in Section 1575 of the Civil Code.(b) As used in this section, “malice” means conduct that is intended by the person described in subdivision (a) to cause injury to the plaintiff or despicable conduct that is carried on by the person described in subdivision (a) with a willful and conscious disregard of the rights or safety of others.(Added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 977, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1996.)
CA Govt Code § 820.25 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.25.

820.25.  (a) For purposes of Section 820.2, the decision of a peace officer, as defined in Sections 830.1 and 830.2 of the Penal Code, or a state or local law enforcement official, to render assistance to a motorist who has not been involved in an accident or to leave the scene after rendering assistance, upon learning of a reasonably apparent emergency requiring his immediate attention elsewhere or upon instructions from a superior to assume duties elsewhere, shall be deemed an exercise of discretion.(b) The provision in subdivision (a) shall not apply if the act or omission occurred pursuant to the performance of a ministerial duty. For purposes of this section, “ministerial duty” is defined as a plain and mandatory duty involving the execution of a set task and to be performed without the exercise of discretion.(Added by Stats. 1979, Ch. 806.)
CA Govt Code § 820.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.4.

820.4.  A public employee is not liable for his act or omission, exercising due care, in the execution or enforcement of any law. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability for false arrest or false imprisonment.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 820.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.6.

820.6.  If a public employee acts in good faith, without malice, and under the apparent authority of an enactment that is unconstitutional, invalid or inapplicable, he is not liable for an injury caused thereby except to the extent that he would have been liable had the enactment been constitutional, valid and applicable.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 820.8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.8.

820.8.  Except as otherwise provided by statute, a public employee is not liable for an injury caused by the act or omission of another person. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability for injury proximately caused by his own negligent or wrongful act or omission.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 820.9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 820.9.

820.9.  Members of city councils, mayors, members of boards of supervisors, members of school boards, members of governing boards of other local public entities, members of locally appointed boards and commissions, and members of locally appointed or elected advisory bodies are not vicariously liable for injuries caused by the act or omission of the public entity or advisory body. Nothing in this section exonerates an official from liability for injury caused by that individual’s own wrongful conduct. Nothing in this section affects the immunity of any other public official.This section shall become operative January 1, 2000.(Repealed (in Sec. 1) and added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 132, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1998. Section operative January 1, 2000, by its own provisions.)
CA Govt Code § 821 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 821.

821.  A public employee is not liable for an injury caused by his adoption of or failure to adopt an enactment or by his failure to enforce an enactment.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 821.2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 821.2.

821.2.  A public employee is not liable for an injury caused by his issuance, denial, suspension or revocation of, or by his failure or refusal to issue, deny, suspend or revoke, any permit, license, certificate, approval, order, or similar authorization where he is authorized by enactment to determine whether or not such authorization should be issued, denied, suspended or revoked.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 821.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 821.4.

821.4.  A public employee is not liable for injury caused by his failure to make an inspection, or by reason of making an inadequate or negligent inspection, of any property, other than the property (as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 830) of the public entity employing the public employee, for the purpose of determining whether the property complies with or violates any enactment or contains or constitutes a hazard to health or safety.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 821.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 821.5.

821.5.  A public entity or a public employee acting within the scope of his employment is not liable for failing to prohibit or restrict the time that cargo tank vehicles required to display flammable liquid placards may travel through a tunnel.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1255, Sec. 1.)
CA Govt Code § 821.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 821.6.

821.6.  A public employee is not liable for injury caused by his instituting or prosecuting any judicial or administrative proceeding within the scope of his employment, even if he acts maliciously and without probable cause.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 821.8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 821.8.

821.8.  A public employee is not liable for an injury arising out of his entry upon any property where such entry is expressly or impliedly authorized by law. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability for an injury proximately caused by his own negligent or wrongful act or omission.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 822 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 822.

822.  A public employee is not liable for money stolen from his official custody. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability if the loss was sustained as a result of his own negligent or wrongful act or omission.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 822.2 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 822.2.

822.2.  A public employee acting in the scope of his employment is not liable for an injury caused by his misrepresentation, whether or not such misrepresentation be negligent or intentional, unless he is guilty of actual fraud, corruption or actual malice.(Added by Stats. 1963, Ch. 1681.)
CA Govt Code § 823 (2021)
2021 California Code|Government Code - GOV|TITLE 1 - GENERAL|DIVISION 3.6 - CLAIMS AND ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|PART 2 - LIABILITY OF PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PUBLIC EMPLOYEES|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions Relating to Liability|ARTICLE 3 - Liability of Public Employees|Section 823.

823.  Neither the widow, widower, nor the heirs of a peace officer, as defined in Sections 830.1, 830.2, and 830.32 of the Penal Code, shall be liable individually for any injury or death that may result from an act or omission of a peace officer that occurs in his or her line of duty, including an act or omission not directly related to the officer’s death, if the officer was slain while in the line of duty. Nothing in this section shall preclude any action from being brought against the estate of the peace officer.(Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 559, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1999.)