reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 17.1-507 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-507. Maximum number of judges; residence requirement; compensation; powers; etc.

A. For the several judicial circuits there shall be judges, the maximum number as hereinafter set forth, who shall during their service reside within their respective circuits and whose compensation and powers shall be the same as now and hereafter prescribed for circuit judges.The maximum number of judges of the circuits shall be as follows:First — 5Second — 8Third — 4Fourth — 8Fifth — 4Sixth — 3Seventh — 5Eighth — 3Ninth — 4Tenth — 4Eleventh — 3Twelfth — 6Thirteenth — 7Fourteenth — 5Fifteenth — 11Sixteenth — 6Seventeenth — 4Eighteenth — 3Nineteenth — 15Twentieth — 5Twenty-first — 3Twenty-second — 4Twenty-third — 5Twenty-fourth — 6Twenty-fifth — 6Twenty-sixth — 8Twenty-seventh — 6Twenty-eighth — 4Twenty-ninth — 5Thirtieth — 4Thirty-first — 6B. No additional circuit court judge shall be authorized or provided for any judicial circuit until the Judicial Council has made a study of the need for such additional circuit court judge and has reported its findings and recommendations to the House Committee for Courts of Justice and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The boundary of any judicial circuit shall not be changed until a study has been made by the Judicial Council and a report of its findings and recommendations made to said Committees.C. If the Judicial Council finds the need for an additional circuit court judge after a study is made pursuant to subsection B, the study shall be made available to the Compensation Board and the House Committee for Courts of Justice and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary and Council shall publish notice of such finding in a publication of general circulation among attorneys licensed to practice in the Commonwealth. The Compensation Board shall make a study of the need to provide additional courtroom security and deputy court clerk staffing. This study shall be reported to the House Committee for Courts of Justice and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, and to the Department of Planning and Budget.1973, c. 544, § 17-119.1:2; 1974, cc. 42, 43; 1975, c. 40; 1977, c. 4; 1979, c. 6; 1980, c. 29; 1981, c. 27; 1982, c. 57; 1983, c. 2; 1985, c. 43; 1986, cc. 78, 479; 1989, c. 43; 1990, cc. 113, 114; 1991, cc. 20, 419, 623; 1992, c. 92; 1993, cc. 9, 89; 1994, cc. 89, 454; 1995, c. 20; 1996, c. 120; 1997, c. 17; 1998, cc. 3, 872; 1999, cc. 10, 319; 2000, c. 37; 2004, Sp. Sess. I, c. 4; 2005, cc. 190, 231, 951; 2006, cc. 35, 738; 2006, Sp. Sess. I, c. 2; 2013, c. 806; 2014, cc. 812, 822; 2018, cc. 126, 135.
VA Code § 17.1-508 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-508. Judges in new or changed circuits; ratifying, validating and confirming certain actions

In any case heretofore or hereafter arising in which a judge has been judge of a circuit created under § 17.1-506 as amended, and the counties and cities, or one or more of them, have been transferred to and constituted as part of a new judicial circuit and the remaining counties and cities constituted as a circuit, the judges of the respective circuits are hereby declared to be judges of said circuits in which they reside and their actions are hereby ratified, validated and confirmed.1962, c. 3, § 17-119.2; 1978, c. 480; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-509 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-509. Vacancies in office of judge

Whenever a vacancy occurs in the office of judge, a successor, who shall be a resident of the same circuit, shall be elected for a full term of eight years and upon qualification shall enter at once upon the discharge of the duties of his office. No person shall be elected or reelected to a subsequent term under this section until he has submitted to a criminal history record search and submitted to a search of the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse or neglect and reports of such searches have been received by the Chairmen of the House Committee for Courts of Justice and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. If the person has not met the requirement of filing in the preceding calendar year a disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or 30-111, he shall also provide a written statement of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 to the Chairmen of the House Committee for Courts of Justice and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Subject to the provisions of §§ 17.1-511 and 17.1-512, the Governor shall have the power while the General Assembly is not in session to fill pro tempore vacancies in such office. Such appointment to every vacancy shall be by commission to expire at the end of 30 days after the commencement of the next regular session of the General Assembly. No person with a criminal conviction for a felony shall be appointed as a judge.Code 1919, § 5889, § 17-120; 1920, p. 123; 1924, p. 310; 1944, p. 95; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 27; 1973, c. 544; 1977, c. 197; 1998, c. 872; 2001, c. 256; 2004, c. 452; 2018, c. 578.
VA Code § 17.1-510 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-510. Election of judge of new circuit; how court held meanwhile

If a new or additional circuit is created, a judge or judges shall be elected or appointed thereto in the same manner as provided by law for the filling of vacancies or newly created judgeships in existing circuits.During any vacancy from the creation of the new circuit until a judge has been elected or appointed to fill the vacancy and has qualified, terms of the court shall be held by a judge or by judges designated as provided by law in cases of vacancies.Code 1919, § 5889, § 17-121; 1920, p. 123; 1924, p. 310; 1944, p. 95; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-511 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-511. Investigation and certification of necessity before vacancies filled

When a vacancy occurs in the office of judge of any court of record, the vacancy shall not be filled until, after investigation, the Supreme Court certifies that the filling of the vacancy is or is not necessary. If the Court certifies that the filling of the vacancy is necessary, the Court shall publish notice of such certification in a publication of general circulation among attorneys licensed to practice in the Commonwealth. No notice of retirement submitted under § 51.1-305 or § 51.1-307 shall be revoked after certification of the vacancy by the Court. If the Court certifies that the filling of the vacancy is not necessary, it shall recommend to the General Assembly the manner of distributing the work of the judge; and the Governor shall not fill the vacancy.1940, p. 178, § 17-122; Michie Code 1942, § 5889a; 1944, p. 96; 1962, c. 287; 1973, c. 544; 1998, c. 872; 1999, c. 319; 2004, c. 331.
VA Code § 17.1-512 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-512. Election of successor judge before date of vacancy

Whenever a vacancy occurs or exists in the office of a judge of a circuit while the General Assembly is in session, or whenever the term of office of a judge of a circuit court will expire or the office will be vacated at a date certain between the adjournment of the General Assembly and the commencement of the next session of the General Assembly, a successor judge may be elected at any time during a session preceding the date of such vacancy, by the vote of a majority of the members elected to each house of the General Assembly, for a term of eight years and upon qualification, the successor judge shall enter at once upon the discharge of the duties of his office. However, such successor judge shall not enter upon the discharge of his duties prior to the commencement of his term of office. No person shall be elected or reelected to a subsequent term under this section until he has submitted to a criminal history record search and submitted to a search of the central registry maintained pursuant to § 63.2-1515 for any founded complaint of child abuse or neglect and reports of such searches have been received by the Chairmen of the House Committee for Courts of Justice and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. No person with a criminal conviction for a felony shall be appointed as a judge. If the person has not met the requirement of filing in the preceding calendar year a disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 or 30-111, he shall also provide a written statement of economic interests on the disclosure form prescribed in § 2.2-3117 to the Chairmen of the House Committee for Courts of Justice and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary.1973, c. 544, § 17-122.1; 1993, c. 368; 1998, c. 872; 2004, c. 452; 2018, c. 578.
VA Code § 17.1-513.01 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-513.01. Jurisdiction of circuit courts with respect to charitable assets

A. The circuit courts shall have the same subject matter jurisdiction over matters pertaining to assets of charitable corporations, incorporated in or doing any business in Virginia, as the circuit courts have with respect to assets held by unincorporated charitable trusts and other charitable entities, including the power to require accountings, appoint receivers, award damages, and enter injunctive relief against such charitable corporations, their officers, directors, agents, employees and others as may be necessary to protect the public interest in such assets.B. Nothing contained in this section is intended to modify the standard of conduct applicable under existing law to the directors of charitable corporations incorporated in or doing any business in Virginia.2002, c. 792; 2004, c. 289.
VA Code § 17.1-513.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-513.1. Appeals from administrative proceedings; abuse and neglect; record to be sealed

In cases appealed to the circuit court involving child abuse and neglect pursuant to § 63.2-1526, proceedings shall be confidential and the record in the case shall be sealed. However, the court may, for good cause shown, unseal the record.2000, c. 478.
VA Code § 17.1-513.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-513.2. Use of telephonic communication systems or electronic video and audio communication systems to conduct hearing

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any civil proceeding in which a party or a witness is incarcerated or when otherwise authorized by the court, the court may, in its discretion, conduct any hearing using a telephonic communication system or an electronic audio and video communication system to provide for the appearance of any parties and witnesses. Any electronic audio and video communication system used to conduct such a hearing shall meet the standards set forth in subsection B of § 19.2-3.1.2001, c. 513.
VA Code § 17.1-514 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-514. When plaintiff entitled to less than $100; judgment for defendant

In any personal action in a circuit court, wherein it is ascertained that less than $100, exclusive of interest, is due to the plaintiff, judgment shall be for the defendant, unless the court enter of record that the matter in controversy was of greater value than $100, exclusive of interest, in which case it may render judgment for the plaintiff for what is ascertained to be due him, with or without costs, in the court's discretion.Code 1950, § 8-511.1; 1952, c. 248; 1977, c. 624, § 17-123.1; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-515 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-515. Jurisdiction formerly in county courts

The jurisdiction and powers which were vested in the county courts and the judges and officers thereof, respectively, on January 31, 1904, by the laws of this Commonwealth or under any will or other instrument of writing shall be vested in, exercised by and imposed upon the circuit courts and the judges and officers thereof, except when otherwise specially provided.All such acts and proceedings of the circuit courts, judges and officers thereof, respectively, whether de jure or de facto officers, done or had since January 31, 1904, as may hereafter be done under this section, are hereby ratified and made valid.Code 1919, § 5891, § 17-124; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-515.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-515.1. Territorial jurisdiction of the Circuit Court for the City of Lynchburg

The territorial jurisdiction of the Circuit Court for the City of Lynchburg shall extend to the corporate limits of the city and to a space of one mile without and around the city limits, except that the same shall not extend further into the County of Amherst than the corporate limits. Any judgment, order, or decree of the Circuit Court for the City of Lynchburg heretofore made in any case in which the court would have had jurisdiction had this section then been in operation shall have the same effect as if it had been at that time in force.Code 1919, § 5904, § 17-125; 2018, c. 164.
VA Code § 17.1-515.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-515.3. Designation of courtrooms within twenty-first and twenty-third circuits for trial of certain cases

The chief judge of the twenty-first and the twenty-third judicial circuits may, by order, as in the interest of justice may appear, designate one or more of the courtrooms of any circuit court within their respective circuits as the courtroom or courtrooms in which civil and criminal cases whose venue is laid within the circuit may be tried; provided, that in criminal cases, jurors summoned to appear at such courtroom or courtrooms shall reside in the vicinage of which the crime is laid.1976, c. 272; 1977, c. 195, § 17-126.3.
VA Code § 17.1-515.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-515.4. Designation of certain courtrooms within sixteenth circuit for trial of certain cases

When it appears to one or more of the judges of the sixteenth judicial circuit that such use is appropriate, the courthouse of the Circuit Court of Albemarle County may be used for the trial of civil or criminal cases whose venue is laid in the City of Charlottesville, or the courthouse of the Circuit Court of the City of Charlottesville may be used for the trial of civil or criminal cases whose venue is laid in the County of Albemarle; provided, that in criminal cases, jurors summoned to appear at any such courtroom shall reside in the vicinage of which the crime is laid.1978, c. 61, § 17-126.4.
VA Code § 17.1-515.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-515.5. Designation of certain courtrooms within twenty-fifth circuit for trial of certain cases

When it appears to one or more of the judges of the twenty-fifth judicial circuit that such use is appropriate, the courthouse of the Circuit Court of Augusta County may be used for the trial of civil and criminal cases when venue is laid in the City of Staunton; or the courthouse of the Circuit Court of the City of Staunton may be used for the trial of civil or criminal cases when venue is laid in the County of Augusta. However, jurors summoned to appear in any such courtroom shall reside in the jurisdiction where the venue is laid.1984, c. 86, § 17-126.5.
VA Code § 17.1-515.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-515.6. Concurrent law-enforcement jurisdiction over Joint Judicial Center in Winchester

The Frederick County Sheriff's Department shall have, concurrently with the City of Winchester Police Department, jurisdiction to arrest perpetrators of all offenses committed in or upon the premises, buildings, rooms, or offices of the Joint Judicial Center located in the City of Winchester.1984, c. 363, § 17-126.6.
VA Code § 17.1-516 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-516. Jurisdiction of courts over certain waters

Where any river, watercourse, or bay lies between any counties or any cities, or any county and city in this Commonwealth, the circuit courts for the counties and the cities, on each side, respectively, shall have concurrent territorial jurisdiction over so much thereof as shall be opposite to such counties and cities. And the circuit courts for counties and cities lying on the waters bounding the Commonwealth shall have concurrent territorial jurisdiction respectively over such waters opposite such counties and cities, as far as the jurisdiction of this Commonwealth extends. This section shall not apply to the City of Richmond.Code 1919, § 5958, § 17-1; 1948, p. 151; 1998, c. 872; 2005, cc. 45, 114.
VA Code § 17.1-517 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-517. Number of terms; how fixed

The chief judge of each circuit shall fix the terms of each of the courts within his circuit; provided, that there shall be at least four terms of court each year, and the dockets for criminal and civil cases may be called on the same or different days in any courtroom of the circuit. Such terms shall be fixed by order, which shall be entered in the common-law order book in each court. The order fixing or changing the terms of court shall be entered on or before January 1, to become effective July 1, and a copy of the order shall be forwarded to the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court, who shall cause an abstract thereof to be published in the Code of Virginia, as a part of the Rules of Court.1973, c. 544, § 17-127.21; 1976, c. 133; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-518 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-518. Special terms; when, how and by whom appointed

If any term of a circuit court is to end, or has ended, without the dispatch of all its business or if there be a failure to hold any term or it is expedient in the opinion of the judge of the court to hold a special term for the trial of any cause pending in such court or of issues made up in any cause by consent of parties, or if the situation of a person confined in jail for trial in such circuit court makes it proper that his case should be disposed of before the next regular term thereof, or necessity in the judge's opinion requires it, the judge of such circuit court or, if he is dead or is unable from any cause to hold his court, the judge of any other circuit court who has been designated to hold such terms, may, by order entered in such court or by a warrant directed to the clerk, appoint a special term thereof and prescribe in such order or warrant whether any venire is to be summoned to attend the term. The clerk shall inform the attorney for the Commonwealth and the sheriff of such appointment, post a copy of the warrant or order at the front door of the courthouse and issue all proper process to such special term and the sheriff shall execute the process.Code 1919, § 5894, § 17-129; 1973, c. 544; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-519 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-519. Adjournment thereof to a future day

Whenever any judge of a circuit court has appointed a special term of any circuit court, by adjournment or warrant in the manner directed by § 17.1-518, and shall afterward ascertain that he cannot hold the special term on the day appointed for it, he may, by warrant, directed to the clerk of the court, adjourn it to such other day as he deems proper. The warrant shall be transmitted to the clerk, who shall immediately enter it in the order book of the court and, as to the special term thereafter to be held under the continuance, proceed in all other respects in the manner directed by § 17.1-518.Code 1919, § 5895, § 17-130; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-520 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-520. What tried at a special term

At any such special term:1. Any civil case may be tried which could lawfully have been but was not tried at the last preceding term that was or should have been held;2. Any motion cognizable by such court may be heard and determined, whether it was pending at the preceding term or not;3. Any criminal case may be tried at such special term as if it were a regular term, although at the preceding regular term the same may not have been pending in the court or may have been continued; and4. Any cause or matter of controversy, then ready for hearing or which may be made ready by consent of parties, may, with the consent of the parties to such cause or controversy, be heard and determined, although it could not lawfully have been heard at the preceding term that was or should have been held.Code 1919, § 5896, § 17-131; 1998, c. 872; 2005, c. 681.
VA Code § 17.1-521 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-521. Who to hold special term; powers

Every such special term may be held by the judge of the circuit court or, if he is dead or absent or is so situated in respect to any cause pending in the court as in his opinion to make it improper for him to try it, by such other circuit or city judge as may be selected or designated in the manner prescribed by law. The judge so selected or designated shall hold the special term and part of its session may be held by one judge and part of it by another. A judge selected or designated to hold a special term shall have all the powers and is authorized to discharge all the duties of the judge of such circuit court.Code 1919, § 5896, § 17-132; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-522 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-522. Adjournment of special term

A special term may be adjourned from time to time during intervals between the regular terms, as necessary, for the dispatch of the business of the court.Code 1919, § 5896, § 17-133; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-523 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts|§ 17.1-523. Salaries of judges of circuit courts

The judges of the circuit courts shall each receive such salary as shall be fixed from time to time in the general appropriation acts. Such salary shall be the total compensation for circuit court judges. However, any county or city which has, prior to March 1, 1976, maintained any program of supplemental retirement or insurance for the benefit of such judges, may continue the same in effect as to judges theretofore covered thereby. The whole of such salaries shall be paid out of the state treasury.Code 1950, § 14-43; 1964, c. 386, § 14.1-33; 1972, c. 43; 1973, c. 544; 1974, c. 225; 1976, c. 667; 1978, c. 249; 1979, c. 83; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-600 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 6 - Costs Generally|§ 17.1-600. Laws of costs not penal; discretion of courts of equity

The laws of costs shall not be interpreted as penal laws; nor shall anything in this chapter take away or abridge the discretion of a court of equity over the subject of costs, except as provided in § 17.1-604.Code 1950, § 14-174; 1964, c. 386, § 14.1-177; 1998, c. 872.
VA Code § 17.1-601 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 17.1 - Courts of Record|Chapter 6 - Costs Generally|§ 17.1-601. General rule as to recovery of costs on final judgment

Except when it is otherwise provided, the party for whom final judgment is given in an action or motion shall recover his costs against the opposite party. When the action is against two or more and there is a judgment for, or discontinuance as to, some, but not all of the defendants, unless the court enter of record that there was reasonable cause for making defendants those for whom there is such judgment, or as to whom there is such discontinuance and shall order otherwise, they shall recover their costs.Code 1950, § 14-175; 1964, c. 386, § 14.1-178; 1998, c. 872.