reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 32-6-83 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-83. Acquisition by Municipal Corporation or County of Outdoor Advertising Which Does Not Comply With Requirements of Applicable Ordinances, Regulations, or Resolutions

 Any municipal corporation or county is authorized to acquire by purchase, gift, or condemnation and to pay just compensation for any property rights in outdoor advertising signs, displays, and devices which were lawfully erected but which do not conform with the provisions of any lawful ordinance, regulation, or resolution or which at a later date fail to comply with the provisions of any lawful ordinance, regulation, or resolution due to changed conditions beyond the control of the sign owner. No municipal corporation or county shall remove or cause to be removed any such nonconforming outdoor advertising sign, display, or device without paying just compensation. Such compensation shall be paid in accordance with the conditions stated in Code Section 32-6-84. For the purposes of this Code section, the term "devices" means light, lighting fixtures, or other fixtures which are permanently attached to an advertising sign or display.   (Ga. L. 1967, p. 423, § 8; Code 1933, § 95A-923.1, enacted by Ga. L. 1979, p. 803, § 1.)   Law reviews.   - For article surveying legislative and judicial developments in Georgia local government law for 1978-79, see 31 Mercer L. Rev. 155 (1979).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    County ordinance violated O.C.G.A. § 32-6-83 since the ordinance provided that a nonconforming sign damaged by weather or an act of God could not be repaired or reerected. State v. Hartrampf, 273 Ga. 522, 544 S.E.2d 130 (2001).   Just compensation.    - County sign ordinance was unconstitutional since the ordinance conflicted with O.C.G.A. § 32-6-83 requiring the payment of just compensation after the county acquired an owner's property rights when an advertiser attempted to repair a nonconforming outdoor advertising sign damaged by a tornado and the ordinance contained no provision for paying compensation. Thus, the trial court's grant of summary judgment for the county was erroneous when the county failed to pay the advertiser just compensation for taking of the advertiser's sign. Outdoor Sys. v. Cobb County, 274 Ga. 611, 555 S.E.2d 435 (2001).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Municipal power as to billboards and outdoor advertising, 58 A.L.R.2d 1314.   Municipality's power to permit private owner to construct building or structure overhanging or crossing the air space above public street or sidewalk, 76 A.L.R.2d 896.
GA Code § 32-6-84 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-84. Interests and Losses Which May Be Compensable Under Code Sections 32-6-82 and 32-6-83

 The compensation provided for in Code Sections 32-6-82 and 32-6-83 is authorized to be paid only for the following:    The taking from the owner of such sign, display, or device of all right, title, leasehold, and interest in such sign, display, or device;   The taking from the owner of the real property on which the sign, display, or device is located of the right to erect and maintain such signs, displays, and devices thereon;   The actual financial loss suffered by the lessee under a written lease expressly and solely permitting the erection and maintenance of a sign, display, or device (which was lawful on the date such lease was executed) because of the refusal by the department to issue a permit for the erection of such sign, display, or device, provided that the amount of compensation paid may not exceed the pro rata part of the entire rental paid and to be paid under such lease for the unelapsed portion thereof remaining on July 1, 1973; or   The actual financial loss suffered by the lessor under a written lease expressly and solely permitting the erection and maintenance of a sign, display, or device (which was lawful on the date such lease was executed) because of the refusal by the department to issue a permit for the erection of such sign, display, or device, provided that the amount of compensation paid may not exceed the pro rata part of the entire rental paid and to be paid under such lease for the unelapsed portion thereof remaining on July 1, 1973.    (Ga. L. 1967, p. 423, § 8; Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 12; Code 1933, § 95A-924, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 2001, p. 4, § 32.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Eminent domain: determination of just compensation for condemnation of billboards or other advertising signs, 73 A.L.R.3d 1122.
GA Code § 32-6-85 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-85. Department's Exercise of Eminent Domain Power to Acquire Interests Specified in Code Section 32-6-84

 Whenever it is necessary, in the judgment of the commissioner, to acquire those interests specified in Code Section 32-6-84, the department may exercise the power of eminent domain in the manner provided in Article 1 of Chapter 3 of this title for the acquisition of real property needed for the construction of highways.   (Ga. L. 1967, p. 423, § 9; Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 13; Code 1933, § 95A-925, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-86 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-86. Compensation Contingent Upon Federal Matching Funds

 The department shall not acquire any sign by purchase or condemnation, any portion of the cost of which is eligible for federal participation, until such time as federal matching funds have been apportioned to and made available to the department for such acquisition. No sign shall be acquired by condemnation, except after three months' written notice has been given to the owner thereof of the intention to so acquire the same, during which time the penalties provided by this part shall not apply.   (Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 14; Code 1933, § 95A-926, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-87 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-87. Agreements With United States Secretary of Transportation

 Subject to the provisions of this part, the department is authorized, on behalf of the state, to enter into agreements with the United States Secretary of Transportation (as provided in Section 131 of Title 23 of the United States Code) relating to the control of outdoor advertising in areas adjacent to the interstate and primary systems, including the establishment of information centers at safety rest areas. The department is also authorized to take action in the name of the state to comply with the terms of such agreements.   (Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 22; Code 1933, § 95A-934, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-87.1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-87.1. "Rv Friendly" Markers

  Subject to the prior approval of the Federal Highway Administration, the department is directed to incorporate the use of "RV friendly" markers on specific service signs for business establishments that cater to the needs of persons driving recreational vehicles. A business establishment that qualifies for participation in the specific service sign program and that also qualifies as "RV friendly" may request that an "RV friendly" marker be displayed immediately adjacent to such establishment's business logo sign on the appropriate background sign panel. For purposes of this Code section, the "RV friendly" marker to be displayed shall be such marker as may be approved by the Federal Highway Administration in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.   In accordance with Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act," and subject to the approval of the Federal Highway Administration, the department shall promulgate such rules and regulations as are necessary to implement the provisions of this Code section, including the promulgation of rules and regulations setting forth the minimum requirements that business establishments must meet in order to qualify as "RV friendly." Such requirements shall include, but shall not be limited to, the availability at each qualifying business establishment of parking spaces, entrances and exits in sufficient number and of sufficient size and dimensions to easily accommodate recreational vehicles, and the presence of appropriate overhang clearances at all facilities, if applicable.   For the purposes of assisting the Federal Highway Administration in considering the approval of an "RV friendly" marker for incorporation into the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, the department is directed to submit a request to the Federal Highway Administration for permission to experiment with the use of an "RV friendly" marker on specific service signs in accordance with this Code section.     (Code 1981, §32-6-87.1, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 45, § 1/SB 87; Ga. L. 2008, p. 324, § 32/SB 455.)
GA Code § 32-6-88 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-88. Designation of Defined Areas Where Directional Information Is Provided by Previously Conforming Signs or Devices

 Upon written request made by any county, city, corporation, partnership, association, person, or persons, the board is authorized to consider and to designate a specific area or areas as a defined area or areas, upon a showing having been made that the area in question contains directional signs, displays, or devices which were lawfully erected under state law in force at the time of erection and in existence on May 5, 1976, and which do not conform to the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (6) of Code Section 32-6-72 and paragraphs (1) through (4) of Code Section 32-6-73, and upon a further showing that such directional signs, displays, and devices provide directional information about goods and services in the specific interest of the traveling public and that their removal would work a substantial economic hardship in such defined area or areas.   (Code 1933, § 95A-934.1, enacted by Ga. L. 1979, p. 1086, § 5.)
GA Code § 32-6-89 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-89. Retention of Directional Signs, Displays, and Devices in Defined Areas

 Upon designation made by the board of an area or areas as a defined area or areas for purposes of requesting the approval of the United States Secretary of Transportation for the retention of directional signs, displays, and devices in the specific interest of the traveling public, the Georgia Department of Transportation is authorized to request the approval of the United States Secretary of Transportation.   (Code 1933, § 95A-934.2, enacted by Ga. L. 1979, p. 1086, § 5; Ga. L. 1991, p. 94, § 32.)
GA Code § 32-6-91 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-91. Erection or Maintenance of Sign Without Permit as Constituting Misdemeanor

 Any person who erects or maintains any sign for which a permit is required by this part without a valid permit or renewal of such permit issued by the department shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Each day or fraction thereof during which a sign is unlawfully maintained shall constitute a separate offense. The commissioner and officials or employees of said department designated by the commissioner are authorized to take such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to procure the prosecution and conviction of any person, firm, or corporation violating this Code section.   (Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 15; Code 1933, § 95A-927, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-92 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-92. Maintenance of Unauthorized Sign as Constituting Misdemeanor

 Any person who maintains any sign not authorized by this part and which was not lawfully in existence on October 6, 1971, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Each day or fraction thereof during which a sign is unlawfully maintained shall constitute a separate offense. The commissioner and officials or employees of the department designated by the commissioner are authorized to take such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to procure the prosecution and conviction of any person, firm, or corporation violating this Code section.   (Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 16; Code 1933, § 95A-928, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Municipal power as to billboards and outdoor advertising, 58 A.L.R.2d 1314.
GA Code § 32-6-93 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-93. Erection or Maintenance of Sign Without a Permit as Constituting a Public Nuisance; Enjoining Erection or Maintenance of Such Sign

 The erection or maintenance by any person, firm, or corporation of any sign for which a permit is required by this part without a valid permit or renewal thereof issued by the department is declared to be a public nuisance. In addition to the remedies provided for in this part or which may otherwise exist under the laws of Georgia, the department is authorized to bring an equitable proceeding to enjoin any person, firm, or corporation from erecting or maintaining, without a valid permit or renewal thereof, any sign for which a permit or renewal thereof is required by this part. It shall not be necessary for the department to allege and prove that there is no adequate remedy at law in order to obtain the equitable relief provided for in this Code section.   (Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 17; Code 1933, § 95A-929, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Municipal power as to billboards and outdoor advertising, 58 A.L.R.2d 1314.   Billboards and other outdoor advertising signs as civil nuisance, 38 A.L.R.3d 647.
GA Code § 32-6-94 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-94. Maintenance of Unauthorized Sign as Constituting a Public Nuisance; Enjoining Maintenance of Such Sign

 The maintenance by any person, firm, or corporation of any sign which is not authorized by this part and which was not lawfully in existence on October 6, 1971, is declared to be a public nuisance. In addition to the remedies provided for in this part or which may otherwise exist under the laws of Georgia, the department is authorized to bring an equitable proceeding to enjoin any person, firm, or corporation from maintaining any sign which is not in compliance with this Code section. It shall not be necessary for the department to allege and prove that there is no adequate remedy at law in order to obtain the equitable relief provided for in this Code section.   (Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 18; Code 1933, § 95A-930, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Municipal power as to billboards and outdoor advertising, 58 A.L.R.2d 1314.   Billboards and other outdoor advertising signs as civil nuisance, 38 A.L.R.3d 647.
GA Code § 32-6-97 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 3 - Control of Signs and Signals|Part 2 - State Highway System|§ 32-6-97. Construction of Part

 Nothing in this part shall be construed to abrogate or affect any lawful ordinance, regulation, or resolution which is more restrictive than this part.   (Ga. L. 1971, Ex. Sess., p. 5, § 20; Code 1933, § 95A-932, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   General statutes control over local ordinances.   - When issuing permits for outdoor advertising devices, the Department of Transportation must be guided by the law, notwithstanding the local zoning ordinances. 1975 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 75-24.   When permit may issue for advertising in forest-agricultural district.   - If, in the Department of Transportation's uniform application of the law, one or more of the following activities, that is, animal hospitals, golf courses, dredging, land fill, or the excavation of natural materials, boat marinas, bait houses, swimming beaches, and radio and television stations, are commonly or generally recognized as commercial, the department may issue permits for outdoor advertising devices in the forest-agricultural district. 1975 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 75-24.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - Municipal power as to billboards and outdoor advertising, 58 A.L.R.2d 1314.   Municipality's power to permit private owner to construct building or structure overhanging or crossing the air space above public street or sidewalk, 76 A.L.R.2d 896.
GA Code § 32-6-130 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 1 - Commercial Property|§ 32-6-130. "Commercial Driveway" Defined

 As used in this part, the term "commercial driveway" means any private entrance, exit, ramp, tunnel, bridge, side road, or other vehicular passageway to any property used for commercial purposes, except a farm or a dwelling house not exceeding a four-family capacity, and leading to or from any public road on the state highway system.   (Code 1933, § 95A-942, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-131 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 1 - Commercial Property|§ 32-6-131. Permit Requirement as to Construction or Improvement of Commercial Driveways; Authority of Department to Close Driveways for Violations

 It shall be unlawful for any person to construct a new commercial driveway or to reconstruct, alter, or improve any existing commercial driveway without first obtaining a permit from the department therefor and complying with the department regulations authorized by Code Section 32-6-133. A violation of this Code section, in addition to being unlawful, shall entitle the department to barricade, displace, or otherwise close such driveway and to collect the costs therefor from the violator as provided in Code Section 32-6-134.   (Code 1933, § 95A-943, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 1974, p. 1422, § 34.)
GA Code § 32-6-132 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 1 - Commercial Property|§ 32-6-132. Change or Substitution of Existing Commercial Driveways

 Any commercial driveway constructed prior to July 1, 1973, and adjudged by the department to be unsafe for the traveling public or in violation of department regulations promulgated pursuant to Code Section 32-6-133 may be changed or caused to be changed by the department so as to eliminate any unsafe features; or it may be closed or displaced by substitution therefor of another driveway at such place or of such design as may be deemed safe. Liability for the expense of such change or substitution will be determined in accordance with Code Section 32-6-134.   (Code 1933, § 95A-944, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1.)
GA Code § 32-6-133 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 32 - Highways, Bridges, and Ferries|Chapter 6 - Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally|Article 5 - Commercial Property and Subdivisions|Part 1 - Commercial Property|§ 32-6-133. Promulgation of Regulations; Charges for Permits for Commercial Driveways

  The department is granted the authority to promulgate uniform and reasonable regulations to carry out the provisions of this part. In making such regulations the department shall specify among other things the circumstances under which commercial driveway permits may be issued or revoked, provided that such regulations shall not deprive the landowner of reasonable access to the public road on the state highway system.     Where a person seeks a permit to construct, reconstruct, alter, or improve a commercial driveway and the commercial driveway will lie in whole or in part upon a parcel of land acquired for the state highway system from such person or the immediately preceding owner of such property from whom such person acquired title to such property, the total amount of money charged to such person as a condition of obtaining the permit shall not exceed the compensation received by such person or the immediately preceding owner of such property from whom such person acquired title to such property for such parcel of land upon its acquisition for the state highway system. This limitation shall apply to the total of all amounts of money of whatever character charged to such person as a condition of obtaining the permit, including without limitation any and all amounts charged for title to or use of land and any and all fees or other costs of any nature whatsoever. This subsection shall constitute only a maximum limitation upon the total amount of money charged under such circumstances and shall not in any manner be construed to establish a minimum amount of money to be charged under such circumstances.   Except in the case of heirs and assigns, the limitation of the department to require a payment of more than the maximum amount received for such property as provided in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall last for only a ten-year period from the date of the initial acquisition of property by the department.   This subsection shall apply with respect to land acquired for the state highway system prior to April 15, 1996, as well as land so acquired on or after April 15, 1996.      (Code 1933, § 95A-946, enacted by Ga. L. 1973, p. 947, § 1; Ga. L. 1996, p. 1010, § 4.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1996, in subsection (b), "ten-year" was substituted for "ten year" in paragraph (b)(2) and, in paragraph (b)(3), "April 15, 1996," was substituted for "its effective date" and "April 15, 1996" was substituted for "the effective date of this subsection" at the end.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in DOT v. Worley, 150 Ga. App. 768, 258 S.E.2d 595 (1979).