reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 33.2-707 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-707. Duty of viewers

The viewers or the county road engineer or county road manager shall, as early as practicable after receiving the order of the local governing body, proceed to make the view and may examine routes and locations other than that proposed and if of the opinion that there is a necessity to establish or alter the location of the public highway or bridge shall locate the same and make a report to the local governing body that includes a map or diagram of the location made and that states:1. Their reasons for preferring the location made;2. The probable cost of establishing or altering the location of such highway or bridge;3. The convenience and inconvenience that will result to individuals as well as to the public;4. Whether the highway or bridge will be one of such mere private convenience as to make it proper that it should be opened, established, or altered and kept in order by the person for whose convenience it is desired;5. Whether any yard, garden, or orchard will have to be taken;6. The names of the landowners on such route;7. Which of such landowners require compensation;8. What will be a just compensation to the landowners requiring compensation for the land so taken and for the damages to the residue of the tract, if any, beyond the peculiar benefits to be derived in respect to such residue, from the highway or bridge to be established; and9. All other facts and circumstances in their opinion useful in enabling the local governing body to determine the expediency of establishing or altering the highway or bridge.They shall file such report with the clerk of the local governing body.Code 1950, § 33-144; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-231; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-708 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-708. Pay to viewers, commissioners, and engineers

A statement in writing showing the number of days each viewer or commissioner and engineer, appointed or employed under the provisions of this article, was employed shall be sworn to and presented to the governing body, and the governing body may allow a reasonable compensation not exceeding $50 per day to each viewer or commissioner and not exceeding $7.50 per day and necessary traveling expenses for the engineer, provided that in any county adjoining a county having a population in excess of 1,000 per square mile and in the County of Henrico, the governing body may pay the viewers, commissioners, and engineers in addition to expenses not exceeding $25 a day for each day they were respectively employed hereunder.Code 1950, § 33-155; 1950, p. 157; 1966, c. 438; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-242; 1975, c. 445; 1978, c. 305; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-709 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-709. Consent of landowners

In the event that some of the landowners do not require compensation and will execute their written consent giving the right-of-way in question, the viewers or the county road engineer or county road manager shall obtain such consent and return it with the report to the local governing body, and such written consent shall operate and have the force and effect of a deed from the landowners of the county for the right-of-way so long as it is used by the public, in case the highway is established, and it shall be recorded in the deed books of the county.Should any of the landowners require compensation and not unite in such deed, the subsequent proceedings shall be as prescribed in this article.Code 1950, § 33-145; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-232; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-710 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-710. Proceedings on report; notice to owners

At the next meeting of the local governing body after receipt of such report, as provided in § 33.2-707, unless the opinion of the local governing body is against establishing or altering the highway or bridge, the local governing body shall require its clerk to give written notice to the owner of the land on which it is proposed to establish or alter such highway or bridge at least five days before the hearing to be held under § 33.2-712 informing the owner of the time and place of the hearing at which he may appear and present his views. Notice sent by registered or certified mail to the last known address of such owner as shown on the current real estate tax assessment books shall be deemed adequate compliance with this requirement. If the hearing is continued, notice shall be mailed again. If the current real estate tax assessment books do not contain the name of the owner of the affected land, notice of the hearing shall be published once each week for four successive weeks in a newspaper having general circulation in the county.Code 1950, § 33-146; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-233; 1977, c. 470; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-711 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-711. Guardian ad litem for persons under disability

If any such owner or proprietor is a person under a disability as defined in § 8.01-2, the circuit court of the county shall, at the time the clerk shall issue such process, or as soon thereafter as practicable, upon the court's or judge's own motion, or upon the suggestion of any party in interest, appoint for such person a guardian ad litem, who shall faithfully represent the interest of the person under a disability and whose fees shall be fixed by the court or judge making the appointment.Code 1950, § 33-147; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-234; 2005, c. 716; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-712 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-712. Defense allowed; what board may do

Upon the return of the process duly executed, defense may be made to the proceedings by any party and the local governing body may hear testimony touching the expediency or propriety of establishing or altering the highway or bridge. Upon such hearing, the local governing body shall fix just compensation to the proprietors and tenants for the land proposed to be taken and the damage accruing therefrom, unless the local governing body is of the opinion that the highway or bridge should not be established or altered in which case it shall so order.Code 1950, § 33-148; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-235; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-713 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-713. Appointment of commissioners to assess damages

If a tenant or proprietor desires or if the local governing body sees cause, the local governing body shall appoint five disinterested resident freeholders of the county as commissioners, any three of whom may act to ascertain just compensation for the land to be taken for such highway or bridge and damages, if any, to the residue, beyond the benefits to be derived by such residue, from such highway or bridge.Code 1950, § 33-149; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-236; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-714 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-714. Enhancement in value of residue

The enhancement, if any, in value of the residue by reason of the establishment or alteration of such highway or bridge shall be offset against the damage to the residue, but there shall be no recovery over against such landowner for any excess nor shall enhancement be offset against the value of land taken.Code 1950, § 33-150; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-237; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-715 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-715. Action of commissioners; report

The commissioners shall meet on the lands of the proprietors and tenants that are named in the order of the local governing body at a specified place and day, of which notice shall be given by the sheriff to such proprietors and tenants or their agents. Notice need not be given to any person present at the time the order is made. Any one or more of the commissioners attending on the land may adjourn, from time to time, until their business is finished. The commissioners, in the discharge of their duties, shall comply in all respects with the provisions of Chapter 2 (§ 25.1-200 et seq.) of Title 25.1 so far as applicable. They shall promptly make their report as required by § 25.1-232 to the local governing body and, unless good cause is shown against the report, it shall be confirmed. If, however, good cause is shown against the report or the commissioners report their disagreement or fail to report within a reasonable time, the local governing body may appoint other commissioners to ascertain the compensation and damages. When any report is confirmed, the local governing body shall establish or alter the highway or bridge with or without gates, as it may seem proper, and provide for the payment of the compensation and damages allowed.Code 1950, § 33-151; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-238; 1991, c. 520; 2003, c. 940; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-716 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-716. Appeal to circuit court

If an applicant, proprietor, or tenant is not satisfied with the decision of the local governing body with respect to the amount of compensation or damages allowed, he may appeal, but only on the question of compensation and damages, to the circuit court of the county, provided such appeal is filed within 60 days. The court shall hear the matter de novo as to the amount of compensation and damages with the further right of appeal as provided by general law. Upon the hearing of the appeal, the court shall ascertain the amount of compensation and damages, if any, to which such proprietor is entitled, and shall certify the same to the local governing body, which shall proceed to carry out the judgment of the court, provided that the local governing body shall be summoned to appear at the hearing of the appeal.Code 1950, § 33-152; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-239; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-717 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-717. Who shall pay costs, compensation, and damages

When the highway or bridge is established or altered, the county shall be chargeable with the compensation and damages to the proprietor or tenant and all costs incurred in the proceedings, provided that when the record shows that the sum allowed by the circuit court on appeal, as compensation and damages to any proprietor or tenant is not more than the amount allowed by the local governing body from whose decision the appeal was taken, such proprietor or tenant shall be adjudged to pay the costs occasioned by such appeal. When the local governing body decides against the application to establish or alter a highway or bridge, the applicant shall pay the costs incurred in the case, except the compensation of the viewers.But when it shall appear to the local governing body that the opening and establishing or altering of such highway will be for mere private convenience, then the local governing body may order the same upon condition that such applicant pay, in whole or in part, the compensation and damages to the proprietor or tenant and the costs of the proceedings and keep the highway in order. In any such case the highway shall not be opened and established or altered until such compensation and damages and costs has been first paid or the written consent of the proprietor or tenant has been given.Code 1950, § 33-153; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-240; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-718 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-718. Highways not to be established through cemetery or seminary of learning without owners' consent

No highway shall be established upon or through the lands of any cemetery or through the lands of any seminary of learning without the consent of the owners thereof.Code 1950, § 33-154; 1964, c. 565; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-241; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-719 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-719. Abandonment of certain highways and railway crossings

The governing body of any county that has chosen or hereafter chooses not to be included in the provisions of Article 3 (§ 33.2-324 et seq.) of Chapter 3, whenever it deems that any part of a highway subject to its jurisdiction is no longer required or an existing crossing by any such highway of the lines of a railway company, or any existing crossing by the lines of a railway company of such highway, is no longer necessary as a part of such highway system, may abandon the section of highway or the crossing.The procedure for any such abandonment shall be governed by the provisions applicable to the Board as provided in Articles 1, 2, and 3 (§§ 33.2-900 through 33.2-926) of Chapter 9 and all provisions applicable to the Board shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the governing body of the county.Code 1950, § 33-155.1; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-243; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-720 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-720. Supervisors may issue process

The governing body of a county shall have power to cause process to issue and compel the attendance of witnesses and other parties.Code 1950, § 33-159; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-244; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-721 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-721. Compensation of clerk of board

The clerk of the local governing body of a county shall receive for the duties to be performed by him under the provisions of this article compensation to be fixed and allowed to him by the local governing body.Code 1950, § 33-160; 1956, c. 582; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-245; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-722 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-722. Discontinuance of gates on public highways

Whenever a public highway is, or has been, established with gates, any person may apply to the governing body of the county to have such gates discontinued, on which application proceedings shall be had in accordance with the applicable provisions of §§ 33.2-706 through 33.2-717. If the local governing body decides that the gates shall be removed, it shall direct the sheriff of the county to remove the same, and the sheriff shall do so at such time as the local governing body may direct.When damages are allowed to any person or persons on account of the removal of such gates, such damages and the costs incident to the proceeding shall be paid out of the county general fund. Any such person shall have an appeal of right to the circuit court of the county, at any time within 10 days from the date of the order making such allowance, but only from the amount of damages allowed.Code 1950, § 33-161; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-246; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-723 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 7 - Local Authority over Highways|§ 33.2-723. Assumption of district highway indebtedness by counties

A. Any county may assume the payment of and pay any outstanding indebtedness of any magisterial district or districts thereof incurred for the purpose of constructing public highways that were subsequently taken over by the Commonwealth, provided the assumption thereof is approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the county voting on the question at an election to be held as provided in this section.B. The governing body of the county may, by a resolution entered of record in its minute book, require the judges of election to open a poll at the next regular election and take the sense of the qualified voters of the county upon the question whether or not the county shall assume the highway indebtedness of __________ district, or __________ districts. The local governing body shall cause notice of such election to be given by the posting of written notice thereof at the front door of the county courthouse at least 30 days prior to the date the same is to be held and by publication thereof once a week for two successive weeks in a newspaper published or having general circulation in the county, which notice shall set forth the date of such election and the question to be voted on.C. The ballots for use in voting upon the question so submitted shall be prepared, printed, distributed, voted, and counted and the returns made and canvassed in accordance with the provisions of § 24.2-684. The results shall be certified by the commissioners of election to the county clerk, who shall certify the same to the governing body of the county, and such returns shall be entered of record in the minute book of the local governing body.D. If a majority of the voters voting on the question vote in favor of the assumption by the county of the highway indebtedness of any district of the county, such indebtedness shall become and be an obligation of the county and as binding thereon as if the same had been originally contracted by the county. In such event the governing body of the county is authorized to levy and collect taxes throughout the county for the payment of the district indebtedness so assumed, both as to principal and interest.E. Nothing contained in this section shall affect the validity of such district highway obligations in the event that the result of such election is against the assumption thereof by the county, but they shall continue to be as valid and binding in all respects as they were in their inception.Code 1950, §§ 33-256, 33-257, 33-258, 33-259, 33-260; 1970, c. 322, §§ 33.1-321, 33.1-322, 33.1-323, 33.1-324, 33.1-325; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-800 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 8 - Offenses Concerning Highways|§ 33.2-800. Definition

As used in this chapter, "highway" means a state or county highway.Code 1950, § 33-278; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-344; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-801 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 8 - Offenses Concerning Highways|§ 33.2-801. Cutting or damaging trees; damaging bridges; damaging markers; obstructing highways; penalty

Any person is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor who:1. Cuts or damages a tree within 50 feet of a highway so as to render it liable to fall and leaves it standing;2. Knowingly and willfully, without lawful authority, breaks down, destroys, or damages any bridge or log placed across a stream for the accommodation of pedestrians;3. Obstructs any highway or any ditch made for the purpose of draining the highway;4. Willfully or maliciously displaces, removes, destroys, or damages any highway sign or historical marker or any inscription thereon that is lawfully within a highway; or5. Puts or casts into any public highway any glass, bottles, glassware, crockery, porcelain or pieces thereof, caltrops or any pieces of iron or hard or sharp metal, or any nails, tacks, or sharp-pointed instruments of any kind, likely in their nature to cut or puncture any tire of any vehicle or injure any animal traveling thereon. This subdivision shall not apply to the use of any tire deflation device by a law-enforcement officer while in the discharge of his official duties, provided the device was approved for use by the Division of Purchase and Supply.Code 1950, § 33-279; 1956, c. 676; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-345; 1972, c. 65; 1980, c. 141; 1981, c. 19; 1988, c. 79; 1989, c. 727; 1997, c. 136; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-802 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 8 - Offenses Concerning Highways|§ 33.2-802. Dumping trash; penalty

A. It is unlawful for any person to dump or otherwise dispose of trash, garbage, refuse, litter, a companion animal as defined in § 3.2-6500 for the purpose of disposal, or other unsightly matter on (i) public property, including a public highway, right-of-way, or property adjacent to such highway or right-of-way, or (ii) private property without the written consent of the owner or his agent.B. If a person is arrested for a violation of this section and the matter alleged to have been illegally dumped or disposed of has been ejected from a motor vehicle or transported to the disposal site in a motor vehicle, the arresting officer may comply with the provisions of § 46.2-936 in making an arrest.If a violation of this section has been observed by any person and the matter illegally dumped or disposed of has been ejected or removed from a motor vehicle, the owner or operator of the motor vehicle shall be presumed to be the person ejecting or disposing of the matter. However, such presumption shall be rebuttable by competent evidence.C. Any person convicted of a violation of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not less than $500 or more than $2,500, either or both. In lieu of the imposition of confinement in jail, the court may order the defendant to perform a mandatory minimum of 10 hours of community service in litter abatement activities.D. The governing body of any locality may adopt ordinances not in conflict with the provisions of this section and may repeal or amend such ordinances.E. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the lawful disposal of such matter in landfills.Code 1950, § 33-279.1; 1950, p. 453; 1970, c. 264, § 33.1-346; 1972, c. 65; 1976, c. 773; 1978, c. 226; 1981, c. 340; 1988, c. 805; 1995, c. 657; 2000, c. 20; 2003, cc. 113, 787; 2013, c. 156; 2014, c. 805; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 175.
VA Code § 33.2-803 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 8 - Offenses Concerning Highways|§ 33.2-803. Dump creating fire hazard to public bridge; penalty

It shall be unlawful for any person to establish or maintain a public or private dump containing flammable articles within 500 feet of any public bridge constructed wholly or partly of wood so as to create a fire hazard to such bridge. Any person violating this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. Each day of operation in violation of this section shall constitute a separate offense. An offense in violation of this section may be enjoined in the manner provided by law for the abatement of public nuisances.Code 1950, § 33-279.2; 1958, c. 91; 1970, c. 322, § 33.1-347; 2014, c. 805.
VA Code § 33.2-900 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 33.2 - Highways and Other Surface Transportation Systems|Chapter 9 - Abandonment and Discontinuance of Highways and Roads|§ 33.2-900. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Abandonment" means that the public's right to use a public highway, public landing, or public crossing has been extinguished."Discontinuance" means that the Board has determined that a highway, landing, or crossing no longer serves the public convenience warranting its maintenance at public expense; it divests the Department from maintenance responsibilities. Discontinuance does not render a highway, landing, or crossing unavailable for public use.2014, c. 805.