reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 6-5-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 2 - Actions Against Counties.|Section 6-5-20 - Presentment of Claim to County Commission.

Section 6-5-20Presentment of claim to county commission. (a) An action must not be commenced against a county until the claim has been presented to the county commission, disallowed or reduced by the commission and the reduction refused by the claimant. (b) The failure or refusal of such a county commission to enter upon its minutes the disallowance or reduction of the claim for 90 days is a disallowance. (c) Proof of the fact of presentation of such claim to such county commission may be made by parol evidence. (Code 1852, §2141; Code 1867, §2537; Code 1876, §2903; Code 1886, §2574; Code 1896, §13; Code 1907, §2472; Code 1923, §5680; Code 1940, T. 7, §96.)
AL Code § 6-5-30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 3 - Actions on Official Bonds.|Section 6-5-30 - Right of Aggrieved Person to Commence Action.

Section 6-5-30Right of aggrieved person to commence action. For any breach of an official bond or undertaking of any officer of this state, executor, administrator, or guardian or of any bond or undertaking given in an official capacity to the state or any officer thereof, the person aggrieved may commence an action in his own name, assigning the appropriate breach. (Code 1852, §2154; Code 1867, §2552; Code 1876, §2917; Code 1886, §2575; Code 1896, §14; Code 1907, §2473; Code 1923, §5682; Code 1940, T. 7, §98.)
AL Code § 6-5-31 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 3 - Actions on Official Bonds.|Section 6-5-31 - Assignment of Breaches on Penal Bonds or Other Writings.

Section 6-5-31Assignment of breaches on penal bonds or other writings. In actions upon penal bonds or other writings for the nonperformance of any covenant or agreement contained therein, the plaintiff may assign such breaches as he may deem proper, and verdict and judgment may be entered for the plaintiff for such of the breaches as he may prove. Default judgments may be entered in accordance with and as appropriate under the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure, but in no case shall the judgment exceed the principal and interest due on the instrument. (Code 1852, §§2231, 2367; Code 1867, §§2633, 2771; Code 1876, §§2982, 3033; Code 1886, §2668; Code 1896, §3289; Code 1907, §5325; Code 1923, §9462; Code 1940, T. 7, §215.)
AL Code § 6-5-50 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 4 - Actions for Statutory Penalties.|Section 6-5-50 - Who May Commence.

Section 6-5-50Who may commence. When a penalty is imposed by a statute which does not provide a mode for the recovery, any citizen may commence an action for the same on behalf of himself and the county in which the penalty is incurred. (Code 1852, §2155; Code 1867, §2533; Code 1876, §2918; Code 1886, §2576; Code 1896, §15; Code 1907, §2474; Code 1923, §5683; Code 1940, T. 7, §99.)
AL Code § 6-5-60 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 5 - Trusts, Combines, or Monopolies.|Section 6-5-60 - By Whom and Against Whom Action May Be Commenced; Venue.

Section 6-5-60By whom and against whom action may be commenced; venue. (a) Any person, firm, or corporation injured or damaged by an unlawful trust, combine, or monopoly, or its effect, direct or indirect, may, in each instance of such injury or damage, recover the sum of $500 and all actual damages from any person, firm, or corporation creating, operating, aiding, or abetting such trust, combine, or monopoly and may commence the action therefor against any one or more of the parties to the trust, combine, or monopoly, or their attorneys, officers, or agents, who aid or abet such trust, combine, or monopoly. All such actions may be prosecuted to final judgment against any one or more of the defendants thereto, notwithstanding there may be a dismissal, acquittal, verdict, or judgment in favor of one or more of the defendants. (b) Actions under this section may be commenced in any county where the trust, combine, or monopoly was formed or where it exists or is carried on, promoted, operated, practiced, employed, used, or enjoyed, or in any county in which either of the defendants may have a domicile or where an officer or agent of any defendant corporation may be found. (Code 1907, §§2487, 2488; Code 1923, §§5697, 5698; Code 1940, T. 7, §§124, 125.)
AL Code § 6-5-70 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 6 - Illegal Liquor and Drug Sales; Penalties.|Section 6-5-70 - Furnishing Liquor to Minors.

Section 6-5-70Furnishing liquor to minors. Either parent of a minor, guardian, or a person standing in loco parentis to the minor having neither father nor mother shall have a right of action against any person who unlawfully sells or furnishes spirituous liquors to such minor and may recover such damages as the jury may assess, provided the person selling or furnishing liquor to the minor had knowledge of or was chargeable with notice or knowledge of such minority. Only one action may be commenced for each offense under this section. (Code 1907, §2467; Code 1923, §5673; Code 1940, T. 7, §120.)
AL Code § 6-5-71 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 6 - Illegal Liquor and Drug Sales; Penalties.|Section 6-5-71 - Right of Action of Wife, Child, Parent, or Other Person for Injury in Consequence of Illegal Sale or Disposition of Liquor or Beverages.

Section 6-5-71Right of action of wife, child, parent, or other person for injury in consequence of illegal sale or disposition of liquor or beverages. (a) Every wife, child, parent, or other person who shall be injured in person, property, or means of support by any intoxicated person or in consequence of the intoxication of any person shall have a right of action against any person who shall, by selling, giving, or otherwise disposing of to another, contrary to the provisions of law, any liquors or beverages, cause the intoxication of such person for all damages actually sustained, as well as exemplary damages. (b) Upon the death of any party, the action or right of action will survive to or against his executor or administrator. (c) The party injured, or his legal representative, may commence a joint or separate action against the person intoxicated or the person who furnished the liquor, and all such claims shall be by civil action in any court having jurisdiction thereof. (Acts 1909, No. 191, p. 63; Code 1923, §§5674, 5675; Code 1940, T. 7, §§121, 122.)
AL Code § 6-5-72 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 6 - Illegal Liquor and Drug Sales; Penalties.|Section 6-5-72 - Liability of Person for Injury to Third Party in Consequence of Selling or Furnishing Controlled Substance to Minor.

Section 6-5-72Liability of person for injury to third party in consequence of selling or furnishing controlled substance to minor. (a) A person who unlawfully sells, furnishes, or gives a controlled substance as defined in Section 20-2-2 to a minor may be liable for injury or damage or both suffered by a third person caused by or resulting from the use of the controlled substance by the minor, if the sale, furnishing, or giving of the controlled substance is the proximate cause of the injury or damage. (b) A third person who is injured or damaged or both, under subsection (a) shall have a cause of action against the person selling, furnishing, or giving the controlled substance to the minor. (c) Conviction under any criminal law relating to the unlawful sale, furnishing, or giving of a controlled substance shall conclusively establish an unlawful sale, furnishing, or giving of a controlled substance under this section. (d) Upon the death of a party, the cause of action or right to the cause of action shall survive to the estate of the party. (Acts 1994, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 94-783, p. 72, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-90 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 7 - Actions Against Estate for Trespass, Waste, Etc.|Section 6-5-90 - Right of Action Against Executor or Administrator.

Section 6-5-90Right of action against executor or administrator. Any person or his personal representatives may commence an action against the executor or administrator of any testator or intestate who in his lifetime has wasted, destroyed, taken, carried away, or converted to his own use the goods or chattels of any such person or committed any trespass on the real estate of such person. (Code 1923, §5710; Code 1940, T. 7, §137.)
AL Code § 6-5-100 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 8 - Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Deceit.|Section 6-5-100 - Fraud - Right of Action Generally.

Section 6-5-100Fraud - Right of action generally. Fraud by one, accompanied with damage to the party defrauded, in all cases gives a right of action. (Code 1907, §2468; Code 1923, §5676; Code 1940, T. 7, §107.)
AL Code § 6-5-101 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 8 - Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Deceit.|Section 6-5-101 - Fraud - Misrepresentations of Material Facts.

Section 6-5-101Fraud - Misrepresentations of material facts. Misrepresentations of a material fact made willfully to deceive, or recklessly without knowledge, and acted on by the opposite party, or if made by mistake and innocently and acted on by the opposite party, constitute legal fraud. (Code 1907, §4298; Code 1923, §8049; Code 1940, T. 7, §108.)
AL Code § 6-5-102 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 8 - Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Deceit.|Section 6-5-102 - Suppression of Material Facts.

Section 6-5-102Suppression of material facts. Suppression of a material fact which the party is under an obligation to communicate constitutes fraud. The obligation to communicate may arise from the confidential relations of the parties or from the particular circumstances of the case. (Code 1907, §4299; Code 1923, §8050; Code 1940, T. 7, §109.)
AL Code § 6-5-103 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 8 - Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Deceit.|Section 6-5-103 - Deceit - Right of Action Generally.

Section 6-5-103Deceit - Right of action generally. Willful misrepresentation of a material fact made to induce another to act, and upon which he does act to his injury, will give a right of action. Mere concealment of such a fact, unless done in such a manner as to deceive and mislead, will not support an action. In all cases of deceit, knowledge of a falsehood constitutes an essential element. A fraudulent or reckless representation of facts as true, which the party may not know to be false, if intended to deceive, is equivalent to a knowledge of the falsehood. (Code 1907, §2469; Code 1923, §5677; Code 1940, T. 7, §110.)
AL Code § 6-5-104 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 8 - Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Deceit.|Section 6-5-104 - Deceit - Fraudulent Deceit.

Section 6-5-104Deceit - Fraudulent deceit. (a) One who willfully deceives another with intent to induce him to alter his position to his injury or risk is liable for any damage which he thereby suffers. (b) A deceit within the meaning of this section is either: (1) The suggestion as a fact of that which is not true by one who does not believe it to be true; (2) The assertion as a fact of that which is not true by one who has no reasonable ground for believing it to be true; (3) The suppression of a fact by one who is bound to disclose it or who gives information of other facts which are likely to mislead for want of communication of that fact; or (4) A promise made without any intention of performing it. (Code 1923, §§7353, 7354; Code 1940, T. 7, §§111, 112.)
AL Code § 6-5-170 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 10 - False Imprisonment.|Section 6-5-170 - Definition.

Section 6-5-170Definition. False imprisonment consists in the unlawful detention of the person of another for any length of time whereby he is deprived of his personal liberty. (Code 1907, §4238; Code 1923, §7967; Code 1940, T. 7, §962.)
AL Code § 6-5-180 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-180 - Import of Accusations of False Swearing or Commission of Crime.

Section 6-5-180Import of accusations of false swearing or commission of crime. Every accusation of false swearing presumptively imports a charge of perjury, and every accusation importing the commission of a crime punishable by indictment must be held presumptively to mean what the language used ordinarily imports. (Code 1852, §2224; Code 1867, §2626; Code 1876, §2975; Code 1886, §2726; Code 1896, §1439; Code 1907, §3747; Code 1923, §7358; Code 1940, T. 7, §911.)
AL Code § 6-5-181 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-181 - Words Falsely Imputing Woman's Chastity Actionable.

Section 6-5-181Words falsely imputing woman's chastity actionable. Any words written, spoken, or printed of any woman falsely imputing to her a want of chastity are actionable without proof of special damages. (Code 1852, §2220; Code 1867, §2622; Code 1876, §2971; Code 1886, §2727; Code 1896, §1440; Code 1907, §3748; Code 1923, §7359; Code 1940, T. 7, §912.)
AL Code § 6-5-182 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-182 - Libel or Slander - Burden of Proof.

Section 6-5-182Libel or slander - Burden of proof. In an action for libel or slander, the plaintiff must prove, unless it shall be admitted by the defendant, the facts showing that the alleged defamatory matter was published or spoken of the plaintiff. (Code 1923, §7357; Code 1940, T. 7, §910.)
AL Code § 6-5-183 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-183 - Libel or Slander - Mitigation of Damages - Evidence of Truth or Circumstances.

Section 6-5-183Libel or slander - Mitigation of damages - Evidence of truth or circumstances. In all actions of slander or libel, the truth of the words spoken or written or the circumstances under which they were spoken or written may be given in evidence under a general denial in mitigation of the damages. (Code 1852, §2226; Code 1867, §2628; Code 1876, §2977; Code 1886, §2725; Code 1896, §1438; Code 1907, §3746; Code 1923, §7356; Code 1940, T. 7, §909.)
AL Code § 6-5-184 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-184 - Libel or Slander - Mitigation of Damages - Retraction.

Section 6-5-184Libel or slander - Mitigation of damages - Retraction. The defendant in an action of slander or libel may prove under a general denial in mitigation of damages that the charge was made in good faith by mistake or through inadvertence or misapprehension, and that he has retracted the charge in the same medium of publication as the charge was originally promulgated and in a prominent position therein. (Code 1852, §2221; Code 1867, §2623; Code 1876, §2972; Code 1886, §2728; Code 1896, §1441; Code 1907, §3749; Code 1923, §7360; Code 1940, T. 7, §913.)
AL Code § 6-5-185 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-185 - Libel or Slander - Mitigation of Damages - When Only Actual Damages Recoverable.

Section 6-5-185Libel or slander - Mitigation of damages - When only actual damages recoverable. In an action of slander or libel, if a retraction as provided in Section 6-5-184 shall be published in such medium within 10 days of the date of the publication, then the plaintiff in such case shall recover only actual damages. (Code 1907, §3751; Code 1923, §7362; Code 1940, T. 7, §915.)
AL Code § 6-5-186 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-186 - Prerequisites to Recovery of Vindictive or Punitive Damages in Action for Libel.

Section 6-5-186Prerequisites to recovery of vindictive or punitive damages in action for libel. Vindictive or punitive damages shall not be recovered in any action for libel on account of any publication unless (1) it shall be proved that the publication was made by the defendant with knowledge that the matter published was false, or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not, and (2) it shall be proved that five days before the commencement of the action the plaintiff shall have made written demand upon the defendant for a public retraction of the charge or matter published; and the defendant shall have failed or refused to publish within five days, in as prominent and public a place or manner as the charge or matter published occupied, a full and fair retraction of such charge or matter. (Code 1907, §3750; Code 1923, §7361; Code 1940, T. 7, §914.)
AL Code § 6-5-187 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-187 - Truth of Charges Against Public Persons May Be Proved.

Section 6-5-187Truth of charges against public persons may be proved. In civil actions for the publication of papers investigating the official conduct of officers or persons in public capacity or when the matter published is proper for public information, the truth thereof may be given in evidence. (Code 1852, §2225; Code 1867, §2627; Code 1876, §2976; Code 1886, §2724; Code 1896, §1437; Code 1907, §3745; Code 1923, §7355; Code 1940, T. 7, §908.)
AL Code § 6-5-188 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-188 - Effect of Retraction and Tender of Money.

Section 6-5-188Effect of retraction and tender of money. If the defendant, after or before an action is commenced, makes the retraction recited in Sections 6-5-184 through 6-5-186 and also tenders to the plaintiff a compensation in money, bringing the same into court, the plaintiff can recover no costs if the jury believes and finds the tender was sufficient. (Code 1852, §2222; Code 1867, §2624; Code 1876, §2973; Code 1886, §2729; Code 1896, §1442; Code 1907, §3752; Code 1923, §7363; Code 1940, T. 7, §916.)
AL Code § 6-5-189 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 11 - Defamation, Libel and Slander.|Section 6-5-189 - Effect of Tender of Money.

Section 6-5-189Effect of tender of money. The receipt of money tendered before an action is commenced is a bar to the action and, if after an action is commenced, such releases the defendant from all damages and costs, except the costs which accrued before the tender and receipt of the money. (Code 1852, §2223; Code 1867, §2625; Code 1876, §2974; Code 1886, §2730; Code 1896, §1443; Code 1907, §3753; Code 1923, §7364; Code 1940, T. 7, §917.)
AL Code § 6-5-200 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 12 - Adverse Possession.|Section 6-5-200 - When Title to Land Conferred or Defeated; When Claim May Be Defended or Prosecuted; Construction of Section.

Section 6-5-200When title to land conferred or defeated; when claim may be defended or prosecuted; construction of section. (a) Adverse possession cannot confer or defeat title to land unless: (1) The party setting it up shall show that a deed or other color of title purporting to convey title to him has been duly recorded in the office of the judge of probate of the county in which the land lies for 10 years before the commencement of the action; (2) He and those through whom he claims shall have annually listed the land for taxation in the proper county for 10 years prior to the commencement of the action if the land is subject to taxation; or (3) He derives title by descent cast or devise from a predecessor in the title who was in possession of the land. (b) If the period during which the party's deed or color of title has been on record, added to the time during which the deeds or color of title of those through whom he claims have been on record, amounts to 10 years, he may defend or prosecute on his adverse possession, and an inadvertent failure to list the land for taxation, any unintentional mistake in the description of the assessment or unintentional omission of any part of it from the assessment during the period of 10 years shall not bar the party of his action or defense on his adverse possession. (c) This section shall not be construed to affect in any way a title perfect by adverse possession before the adoption of this Code, nor to deprive any person of his rights under Sections 6-6-286 through 6-6-289, nor to affect cases involving a question as to boundaries between coterminous owners. (Code 1896, §§1541-1546; Code 1907, §2830; Code 1923, §6069; Code 1940, T. 7, §828.)
AL Code § 6-5-210 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 13 - Real Property Actions Generally.|Section 6-5-210 - Rights Above and Below Surface.

Section 6-5-210Rights above and below surface. The owner of realty having title downwards and upwards indefinitely, any unlawful interference with his rights, below or above the surface alike, gives him a right of action. (Code 1907, §2457; Code 1923, §5663; Code 1940, T. 7, §87.)
AL Code § 6-5-211 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 13 - Real Property Actions Generally.|Section 6-5-211 - Slander of Title.

Section 6-5-211Slander of title. The owner of any estate in lands may commence an action for libelous or slanderous words falsely and maliciously impugning his title. (Code 1907, §2459; Code 1923, §5665; Code 1940, T. 7, §89.)
AL Code § 6-5-212 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 13 - Real Property Actions Generally.|Section 6-5-212 - Bare Right of Possession.

Section 6-5-212Bare right of possession. The bare right of possession to lands authorizes their recovery by the owner of such right and also damages for the withholding of the right. (Code 1907, §2453; Code 1923, §5659; Code 1940, T. 7, §83.)
AL Code § 6-5-213 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 13 - Real Property Actions Generally.|Section 6-5-213 - Bare Possession.

Section 6-5-213Bare possession. The bare possession of land authorizes the possessor to recover damages from any person who wrongfully, in any manner, interferes with such possession. (Code 1907, §2454; Code 1923, §5660; Code 1940, T. 7, §84.)
AL Code § 6-5-214 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 13 - Real Property Actions Generally.|Section 6-5-214 - Action for Trespass by Person Having Bare Title.

Section 6-5-214Action for trespass by person having bare title. The person having title to lands, if no one is in actual possession under the same title with him, may commence an action for trespass thereon; and if a tenant is in possession and the trespass is such as injures the freehold, the owner, a remainderman, or reversioner may maintain trespass. (Code 1907, §2455; Code 1923, §5661; Code 1940, T. 7, §85.)
AL Code § 6-5-215 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 13 - Real Property Actions Generally.|Section 6-5-215 - When Possession Disputed.

Section 6-5-215When possession disputed. Where two persons claim to have actual possession of the same land, he is deemed in possession who has the legal title, and the other is a trespasser. (Code 1907, §2456; Code 1923, §5662; Code 1940, T. 7, §86.)