reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
13 PA Cons Stat § 8116 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 81 - Short Title and General Matters|Section 8116 - Securities intermediary as purchaser for value

§ 8116. Securities intermediary as purchaser for value. A securities intermediary that receives a financial asset and establishes a security entitlement to the financial asset in favor of an entitlement holder is a purchaser for value of the financial asset. A securities intermediary that acquires a security entitlement to a financial asset from another securities intermediary acquires the security entitlement for value if the securities intermediary acquiring the security entitlement establishes a security entitlement to the financial asset in favor of an entitlement holder.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8201 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8201 - Issuer

transfer. 8205. Effect of unauthorized signature on security certificate. 8206. Completion or alteration of security certificate. 8207. Rights and duties of issuer with respect to registered owners. 8208. Effect of signature of authenticating trustee, registrar or transfer agent. 8209. Issuer's lien. 8210. Overissue.    Enactment. Chapter 82 was added May 22, 1996, P.L.248, No.44, effective in 180 days.  Prior Provisions. Former Chapter 82, which related to the same subject matter, was added November 1, 1979, P.L.255, No.86, and repealed May 22, 1996, P.L.248, No.44, effective in 180 days.   § 8201. Issuer.   (a) General rule.--With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an "issuer" includes a person that: (1) places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent or the like, to evidence a share, participation or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation represented by the certificate; (2) creates a share, participation or other interest in its property or in an enterprise or undertakes an obligation, that is an uncertificated security; (3) directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented by a security certificate; or (4) becomes responsible for or in place of another person described as an issuer in this section.  (b) Guarantor.--With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its obligation is noted on a security certificate.  (c) Person for whom transfer books maintained.--With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.    Cross References. Section 8201 is referred to in sections 8102, 9102 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8203 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8203 - Staleness as notice of defect or defense

§ 8203. Staleness as notice of defect or defense. After an act or event, other than a call that has been revoked, creating a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a certificated security or setting a date on or after which the security is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchange, a purchaser is charged with notice of any defect in its issue or defense of the issuer, if the act or event:  (1) requires the payment of money, the delivery of a certificated security, the registration of transfer of an uncertificated security or any of them on presentation or surrender of the security certificate, the money or security is available on the date set for payment or exchange, and the purchaser takes the security more than one year after that date; or  (2) is not covered by paragraph (1) and the purchaser takes the security more than two years after the date set for surrender or presentation or the date on which performance became due.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8204 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8204 - Effect of issuer's restriction on transfer

§ 8204. Effect of issuer's restriction on transfer. A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by the issuer, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without knowledge of the restriction unless:  (1) the security is certificated and the restriction is noted conspicuously on the security certificate; or  (2) the security is uncertificated and the registered owner has been notified of the restriction.  Cross References. Section 8204 is referred to in section 8401 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8205 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8205 - Effect of unauthorized signature on security certificate

§ 8205. Effect of unauthorized signature on security  certificate. An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before or in the course of issue is ineffective, but the signature is effective in favor of a purchaser for value of the certificated security if the purchaser is without notice of the lack of authority and the signing has been done by:  (1) an authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent or other person entrusted by the issuer with the signing of the security certificate or of similar security certificates or the immediate preparation for signing of any of them; or  (2) an employee of the issuer, or of any of the persons listed in paragraph (1), entrusted with responsible handling of the security certificate.  Cross References. Section 8205 is referred to in section 8202 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8206 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8206 - Completion or alteration of security certificate

§ 8206. Completion or alteration of security certificate.  (a) Completion of security certificate.--If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary to its issue or transfer but is incomplete in any other respect:  (1) any person may complete it by filling in the blanks as authorized; and  (2) even if the blanks are incorrectly filled in, the security certificate as completed is enforceable by a purchaser who took it for value and without notice of the incorrectness.  (b) Enforceability of improperly altered security certificate.--A complete security certificate that has been improperly altered, even if fraudulently, remains enforceable, but only according to its original terms.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8207 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8207 - Rights and duties of issuer with respect to registered owners

§ 8207. Rights and duties of issuer with respect to registered  owners.  (a) General rule.--Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificated security in registered form or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer or indenture trustee may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to vote, receive notifications and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of an owner.  (b) Liability of registered owner for calls, etc., unaffected.--This division does not affect the liability of the registered owner of a security for a call, assessment or the like.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8208 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8208 - Effect of signature of authenticating trustee, registrar or transfer agent

§ 8208. Effect of signature of authenticating trustee,  registrar or transfer agent.  (a) General rule.--A person signing a security certificate as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent or the like warrants to a purchaser for value of the certificated security, if the purchaser is without notice of a particular defect, that:  (1) the certificate is genuine;  (2) the person's own participation in the issue of the security is within the person's capacity and within the scope of the authority received by the person from the issuer; and  (3) the person has reasonable grounds to believe that the certificated security is in the form and within the amount the issuer is authorized to issue.  (b) Limitation.--Unless otherwise agreed, a person signing under subsection (a) does not assume responsibility for the validity of the security in other respects.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8209 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8209 - Issuer's lien

§ 8209. Issuer's lien. A lien in favor of an issuer upon a certificated security is valid against a purchaser only if the right of the issuer to the lien is noted conspicuously on the security certificate.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8210 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 82 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8210 - Overissue

§ 8210. Overissue.  (a) Definition of "overissue".--In this section, "overissue" means the issue of securities in excess of the amount the issuer has corporate power to issue, but an overissue does not occur if appropriate action has cured the overissue.  (b) Application of certain provisions limited in cases of overissue.--Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d), the provisions of this division which validate a security or compel its issue or reissue do not apply to the extent that validation, issue or reissue would result in overissue.  (c) Purchase may be compelled.--If an identical security not constituting an overissue is reasonably available for purchase, a person entitled to issue or validation may compel the issuer to purchase the security and deliver it if certificated or register its transfer if uncertificated, against surrender of any security certificate the person holds.  (d) Recovery of price paid plus interest.--If a security is not reasonably available for purchase, a person entitled to issue or validation may recover from the issuer the price the person or the last purchaser for value paid for it with interest from the date of the person's demand.  Cross References. Section 8210 is referred to in sections 8102, 8404, 8405 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8301 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 83 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8301 - Delivery

transfer.    Enactment. Chapter 83 was added May 22, 1996, P.L.248, No.44, effective in 180 days.  Prior Provisions. Former Chapter 83, which related to transfer, was added November 1, 1979, P.L.255, No.86, and repealed May 22, 1996, P.L.248, No.44, effective in 180 days.   § 8301. Delivery.   (a) Delivery of certificated security.--Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser occurs when: (1) the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate; (2) another person, other than a securities intermediary, either acquires possession of the security certificate on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired possession of the certificate, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser; or (3) a securities intermediary acting on behalf of the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate, only if the certificate is in registered form and is: (i) registered in the name of the purchaser; (ii) payable to the order of the purchaser; or (iii) specially indorsed to the purchaser by an effective indorsement and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank.  (b) Delivery of uncertificated security.--Delivery of an uncertificated security to a purchaser occurs when: (1) the issuer registers the purchaser as the registered owner, upon original issue or registration of transfer; or (2) another person, other than a securities intermediary, either becomes the registered owner of the uncertificated security on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously become the registered owner, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser.  (June 8, 2001, P.L.123, No.18, eff. July 1, 2001)    2001 Amendment. Act 18 amended subsec. (a)(3).  Cross References. Section 8301 is referred to in sections 8102, 8104, 9203, 9313 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8302 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 83 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8302 - Rights of purchaser

§ 8302. Rights of purchaser.  (a) Rights acquired by purchaser.--Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c), a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security acquires all rights in the security that the transferor had or had power to transfer.  (b) Rights acquired by purchaser of limited interest.--A purchaser of a limited interest acquires rights only to the extent of the interest purchased.  (c) Limitation on rights acquired from protected purchaser.--A purchaser of a certificated security who as a previous holder had notice of an adverse claim does not improve its position by taking from a protected purchaser. (June 8, 2001, P.L.123, No.18, eff. July 1, 2001)  2001 Amendment. Act 18 amended subsec. (a).
13 PA Cons Stat § 8303 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 83 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8303 - Protected purchaser

§ 8303. Protected purchaser.  (a) Definition of "protected purchaser".--"Protected purchaser" means a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security or of an interest therein who:  (1) gives value;  (2) does not have notice of any adverse claim to the security; and  (3) obtains control of the certificated or uncertificated security.  (b) Rights acquired by protected purchaser.--In addition to acquiring the rights of a purchaser, a protected purchaser also acquires its interest in the security free of any adverse claim.  Cross References. Section 8303 is referred to in section 8102 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8304 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 83 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8304 - Indorsement

§ 8304. Indorsement.  (a) Blank and special indorsement.--An indorsement may be in blank or special. An indorsement in blank includes an indorsement to bearer. A special indorsement specifies to whom a security is to be transferred or who has power to transfer it. A holder may convert a blank indorsement to a special indorsement.  (b) Effect of partial indorsement.--An indorsement purporting to be only of part of a security certificate representing units intended by the issuer to be separately transferable is effective to the extent of the indorsement.  (c) Effect of indorsement without delivery.--An indorsement, whether special or in blank, does not constitute a transfer until delivery of the certificate on which it appears or, if the indorsement is on a separate document, until delivery of both the document and the certificate.  (d) Effect of delivery without indorsement; right to compel indorsement.--If a security certificate in registered form has been delivered to a purchaser without a necessary indorsement, the purchaser may become a protected purchaser only when the indorsement is supplied. However, against a transferor, a transfer is complete upon delivery and the purchaser has a specifically enforceable right to have any necessary indorsement supplied.  (e) Indorsement of security certificate in bearer form.--An indorsement of a security certificate in bearer form may give notice of an adverse claim to the certificate, but it does not otherwise affect a right to registration that the holder possesses.  (f) Indorser not a guarantor.--Unless otherwise agreed, a person making an indorsement assumes only the obligations provided in section 8108 (relating to warranties in direct holding) and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8305 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 83 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8305 - Instruction

§ 8305. Instruction.  (a) Instruction originated by appropriate person.--If an instruction has been originated by an appropriate person but is incomplete in any other respect, any person may complete it as authorized and the issuer may rely on it as completed, even though it has been completed incorrectly.  (b) Person initiating instruction not a guarantor.--Unless otherwise agreed, a person initiating an instruction assumes only the obligations imposed by section 8108 (relating to warranties in direct holding) and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8307 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 83 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8307 - Purchaser's right to requisites for registration of transfer

§ 8307. Purchaser's right to requisites for registration of  transfer. Unless otherwise agreed, the transferor of a security on due demand shall supply the purchaser with proof of authority to transfer or with any other requisite necessary to obtain registration of the transfer of the security, but, if the transfer is not for value, a transferor need not comply unless the purchaser pays the necessary expenses. If the transferor fails within a reasonable time to comply with the demand, the purchaser may reject or rescind the transfer.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8401 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 84 - Registration|Section 8401 - Duty of issuer to register transfer

transfer. 8402. Assurance that indorsement or instruction is effective. 8403. Demand that issuer not register transfer. 8404. Wrongful registration. 8405. Replacement of lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken security certificate. 8406. Obligation to notify issuer of lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken security certificate. 8407. Authenticating trustee, transfer agent and registrar.    Enactment. Chapter 84 was added May 22, 1996, P.L.248, No.44, effective in 180 days.  Prior Provisions. Former Chapter 84, which related to the same subject matter, was added November 1, 1979, P.L.255, No.86, and repealed May 22, 1996, P.L.248, No.44, effective in 180 days.   § 8401. Duty of issuer to register transfer.   (a) General rule.--If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer shall register the transfer as requested if: (1) under the terms of the security the person seeking registration of transfer is eligible to have the security registered in its name; (2) the indorsement or instruction is made by the appropriate person or by an agent who has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person; (3) reasonable assurance is given that the indorsement or instruction is genuine and authorized (section 8402); (4) any applicable law relating to the collection of taxes has been complied with; (5) the transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer imposed by the issuer in accordance with section 8204 (relating to effect of issuer's restriction on transfer); (6) a demand that the issuer not register transfer has not become effective under section 8403 (relating to demand that issuer not register transfer) or the issuer has complied with section 8403(b) but no legal process or indemnity bond is obtained as provided in section 8403(d); and (7) the transfer is in fact rightful or is to a protected purchaser.  (b) Liability for failure or delay in registration.--If an issuer is under a duty to register a transfer of a security, the issuer is liable to a person presenting a certificated security or an instruction for registration or to the person's principal for loss resulting from unreasonable delay in registration or failure or refusal to register the transfer.
13 PA Cons Stat § 8402 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 84 - Registration|Section 8402 - Assurance that indorsement or instruction is effective

§ 8402. Assurance that indorsement or instruction is effective.  (a) Assurances that issuer may require.--An issuer may require the following assurance that each necessary indorsement or each instruction is genuine and authorized:  (1) in all cases, a guaranty of the signature of the person making an indorsement or originating an instruction, including, in the case of an instruction, reasonable assurance of identity;  (2) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by an agent, appropriate assurance of actual authority to sign;  (3) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a fiduciary pursuant to section 8107(a)(4) or  (5) (relating to whether indorsement, instruction or entitlement order is effective), appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency;  (4) if there is more than one fiduciary, reasonable assurance that all who are required to sign have done so; and  (5) if the indorsement is made or the instruction is originated by a person not covered by another provision of this subsection, assurance appropriate to the case corresponding as nearly as may be to the provisions of this subsection.  (b) Additional assurances that issuer may require.--An issuer may elect to require reasonable assurance beyond that specified in this section.  (c) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in this subsection: "Appropriate evidence of appointment or incumbency."  (1) In the case of a fiduciary appointed or qualified by a court, a certificate issued by or under the direction or supervision of the court or an officer thereof and dated within 60 days before the date of presentation for transfer.  (2) In any other case, a copy of a document showing the appointment or a certificate issued by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by an issuer to be responsible or, in the absence of that document or certificate, other evidence the issuer reasonably considers appropriate. "Guaranty of the signature." A guaranty signed by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by the issuer to be responsible. An issuer may adopt standards with respect to responsibility if they are not manifestly unreasonable.  Cross References. Section 8402 is referred to in section 8401 of this title.