reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-108 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-108 - Effect of Covenant of Right to Grant

    A covenant by the grantor in a deed “that he has the right to grant the land” has the same effect as if the grantor had covenanted that he has good right, full power, and absolute authority to grant the land to the grantee in the deed, in the manner in which the land is granted, or intended to be, by the deed, according to its true intent.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-109 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-109 - Effect of Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment

    A covenant by the grantor in a deed that the grantee “shall quietly enjoy the land” has the same effect as if he had covenanted that the grantee at any time thereafter might peaceably and quietly enter on, and have, hold, and enjoy the land granted by the deed, or intended to be granted, with all the rights, privileges, and appurtenances belonging to it, and to receive the rents and profits for his use and benefit, without any eviction, interruption, suit, claim, or demand by the grantor and free from any claim or demand by any other person.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-110 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-110 - Effect of Covenant That Grantor Has Done No Act to Encumber

    A covenant by the grantor in a deed “that he has done no act to encumber the land” has the same effect as if he had covenanted that he had not done, executed, or knowingly suffered any act or deed whereby the land granted, or intended to be, or any part of it, is or will be charged, affected, or encumbered in title, estate, or otherwise.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-111 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-111 - Effect of General Covenant Against Encumbrances

    A covenant by the grantor in a deed, “that the land is free and clear of all encumbrances” has the same effect as if he had covenanted that neither he nor his predecessors in his chain of title had done, executed, or knowingly suffered any act or deed whereby the land granted, or intended to be granted, or any part of it, are or will be charged, affected, or encumbered in title, estate, or otherwise.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-112 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-112 - Effect of Covenant for Further Assurances

    A covenant by a grantor in a deed “that he will execute further assurances of the land as may be requisite” has the same effect as if the grantor had covenanted that he at any time on any reasonable request, at the expense of the grantee, will do any further act and execute any further instrument to perfect the grant and assure to the grantee the lands granted, or intended to be granted, as shall be reasonably required by the grantee or his attorney.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-113 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-113 - "Die Without Issue", and Similar Phrases

    Unless a contrary intent is expressly indicated in the deed, the words “die without issue”, or “die without leaving issue”, or other words in a deed which may imply either a lack or a failure of issue of a person in his lifetime, or at the time of his death, or an indefinite failure of his issue, mean a lack or a failure of issue in the lifetime, or at the time of the death of the person, and not an indefinite failure of his issue.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-114 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-114 - Title to Street or Highway Where Land Binding on It Is Granted

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided, any deed, will, or other instrument that grants land binding on any street or highway, or that includes any street or highway as 1 or more of the lines thereof, shall be construed to pass to the devisee, donee, or grantee all the right, title, and interest of the devisor, donor, or grantor (hereinafter referred to as the transferor) in the street or highway for that portion on which it binds.    (b)    If the transferor owns other land on the opposite side of the street or highway, the deed, will, or other instrument shall be construed to pass the right, title, and interest of the transferor only to the center of that portion of the street or highway upon which the 2 or more tracts coextensively bind.    (c)    The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section do not apply if the transferor in express terms in the writing by which the devise, gift, or grant is made, either reserves to the transferor or grants to the transferee all the right, title, and interest to the street or highway.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-115 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-115 - No Implied Covenant or Warranty of Title or Possession

    There is no implied covenant or warranty by the grantor as to title or possession in any grant of land or of any interest or estate in land. However, in a lease, unless the lease provides otherwise, there is an implied covenant by the lessor that the lessee shall quietly enjoy the land.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-116 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-116 - Passive Trusts Executed; Section Inapplicable to Security Instruments; Executory Interests and Powers of Appointment Valid

    (a)    If a grant, deed, covenant, or bequest of any land or personal property is to a trustee whose title is nominal only and who has no express power of disposition or management of the property, and is to be held for a beneficiary expressly designated in it, the grant, deed, covenant, or bequest is void as to the trustee, and is a direct grant, deed, covenant, or bequest to the beneficiary.    (b)    If a trust is created by grant, deed, covenant, or bequest of any land or personal property in which the trustee has duties other than nominal to perform at the inception of or during the term of the trust, but later because of the death of a life tenant or other occurrence the trust terminates or there remains only nominal duties to perform, the legal estate in the corpus of the trust then vests in the beneficiaries of the trust, even though the instrument creating the trust specifically requires a grant of the legal estate, unless the trustee is required to make partition or division by the terms of the creating instrument.    (c)    This section is not applicable to any deed of trust given as security for the payment of a debt or the performance of an obligation.    (d)    Notwithstanding the repeal of the British Statute of Uses, executory interests and powers of appointment are valid in the State, subject to the rule against perpetuities as modified by §§ 11–102 and 11–102.1 of the Estates and Trusts Article.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-117 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-117 - Presumption Against Joint Tenancy

    No deed, will, or other written instrument which affects land or personal property, creates an estate in joint tenancy, unless the deed, will, or other written instrument expressly provides that the property granted is to be held in joint tenancy.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-119 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-119 - Covenants Restricting Installation of Solar Collector Systems

    (a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.        (2)    “Restriction on use” includes any covenant, restriction, or condition contained in:            (i)    A deed;            (ii)    A declaration;            (iii)    A contract;            (iv)    The bylaws or rules of a condominium or homeowners association;            (v)    A security instrument; or            (vi)    Any other instrument affecting:                1.    The transfer or sale of real property; or                2.    Any other interest in real property.        (3)    “Solar collector system” means a solar collector or other solar energy device, the primary purpose of which is to provide for the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy for electricity generation, space heating, space cooling, or water heating.        (4)    “Solar easement” means an interest in land that:            (i)    Is conveyed or assigned in perpetuity; and            (ii)    Limits the use of the land to preserve the receipt of sunlight across the land for the use of a property owner’s solar collector system.    (b)    (1)    A restriction on use regarding land use may not impose or act to impose unreasonable limitations on the installation of a solar collector system on the roof or exterior walls of improvements, provided that the property owner owns or has the right to exclusive use of the roof or exterior walls.        (2)    For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, an unreasonable limitation includes a limitation that:            (i)    Significantly increases the cost of the solar collector system; or            (ii)    Significantly decreases the efficiency of the solar collector system.    (c)    (1)    A property owner who has installed or intends to install a solar collector system may negotiate to obtain a solar easement in writing.        (2)    Any written instrument creating a solar easement shall include:            (i)    A description of the dimensions of the solar easement expressed in measurable terms, including vertical or horizontal angles measured in degrees or the hours of the day on specified dates when direct sunlight to a specified surface of a solar collector system may not be obstructed;            (ii)    The restrictions placed on vegetation, structures, and other objects that would impair the passage of sunlight through the solar easement; and            (iii)    The terms under which the solar easement may be revised or terminated.        (3)    A written instrument creating a solar easement shall be recorded in the land records of the county where the property is located.    (d)    This section does not apply to a restriction on use on historic property that is listed in, or determined by the Director of the Maryland Historical Trust to be eligible for inclusion in, the Maryland Register of Historic Properties.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-120 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-120 - Disclosure of Material Fact or Latent Defect

    (a)    Under this title, it is not a material fact or a latent defect relating to property offered for sale or lease that:        (1)    An owner or occupant of the property is, was, or is suspected to be:            (i)    Infected with human immunodeficiency virus; or            (ii)    Diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; or        (2)    A homicide, suicide, accidental death, natural death, or felony occurred on the property.    (b)    An owner or seller of real property or the owner’s or seller’s agent shall be immune from civil liability or criminal penalty for failure to disclose a fact contained in subsection (a) of this section.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-121 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-121 - Covenants Restricting Family Day Care Homes

    (a)    In this section, “family child care home” means a unit:        (1)    Registered under Title 5, Subtitle 5 of the Family Law Article; and        (2)    In which the family child care provider or one or more of the children cared for resides.    (b)    This section does not apply to a recorded covenant or restriction affecting property that is:        (1)    Governed by the provisions of Title 11B of this article;        (2)    Part of a condominium regime governed by Title 11 of this article; or        (3)    Part of a cooperative housing corporation.    (c)    (1)    A recorded covenant or restriction in a deed that prohibits or restricts commercial or business activity in general, but does not expressly apply to family child care homes, may not be construed to prohibit or restrict the establishment or operation of family child care homes.        (2)    The operation of a family child care home shall be considered a residential activity for purposes of construing a covenant or restriction described in paragraph (1) of this subsection.    (d)    The provisions of this section do not apply to:        (1)    A building containing more than four dwelling units located on one parcel of property or at one location;        (2)    A covenant or restriction imposed in connection with a loan made or purchased by the Community Development Administration under Title 4, Subtitle 2 of the Housing and Community Development Article; or        (3)    A lease.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-122 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-122 - Grant of Property to Trust Same as Grant to Trustee

    (a)    (1)    In this section, “trust” means an express inter vivos or testamentary trust.        (2)    “Trust” includes the following instruments or funding arrangements in the nature of a trust:            (i)    A profit sharing plan;            (ii)    A retirement plan;            (iii)    A liquidating or liquidation plan; and            (iv)    An unincorporated foundation.        (3)    “Trust” does not include:            (i)    A real estate investment trust as defined in § 8–101 of the Corporations and Associations Article;            (ii)    A statutory trust as defined in § 12–101 of the Corporations and Associations Article; or            (iii)    A trust, formed under the law of another state or a foreign country, that authorizes a trust to take, hold, and dispose of title to property in the name of the trust.    (b)    (1)    A grant of property by deed to a grantee designated in the deed as a trust has the same effect as if the grantor had granted the property to the trustee or trustees appointed and acting for the trust on the effective date of the deed.        (2)    If executed by the trustee or trustees appointed and acting for the trust on the effective date of the deed, a grant of property by deed from a grantor designated in the deed as a trust has the same effect as if the grantee had received the property from the trustee or trustees appointed and acting for the trust on the effective date of the deed.    (c)    (1)    A grant of property by deed to a grantee designated in the deed as an estate of a decedent, including the estate of a nonresident decedent, has the same effect as if the grantor had granted the property to:            (i)    The personal representative or personal representatives appointed by a register of wills or orphans’ court in the State for the estate and acting as the personal representative on the effective date of the deed; or            (ii)    A foreign personal representative exercising the powers of the office for the estate of a nonresident decedent on the effective date of the deed.        (2)    If executed by the person or persons indicated in item (i) or (ii) of this paragraph as applicable, a grant of property by deed from a grantor designated in the deed as an estate of a decedent, including the estate of a nonresident decedent, has the same effect as if the grantee had received the property from:            (i)    The personal representative or personal representatives appointed by a register of wills or orphans’ court in the State for the estate and acting as the personal representative on the effective date of the deed; or            (ii)    A foreign personal representative exercising the powers of the office for the estate of a nonresident decedent on the effective date of the deed.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  2-123 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 2 - Rules of Construction|Section 2-123 - Adoptees

    (a)    In this section, “instrument” means a deed, grant, or other written instrument other than a will as defined in § 4-414 of the Estates and Trusts Article.    (b)    This section does not limit the right of an individual to provide for distribution of property by will.    (c)    (1)    Unless an instrument executed on or after June 1, 1947, clearly indicates otherwise, “child”, “descendant”, “heir”, “issue”, or any equivalent term in the instrument includes an adoptee whether the instrument was executed before or after a court entered an order for adoption.        (2)    Unless an instrument executed on or before May 31, 1947, clearly indicates otherwise, “child”, “descendant”, “heir”, “issue”, or any equivalent term in the instrument includes an adoptee if, on or after January 1, 1945, a court entered an interlocutory order for adoption or, if none, a final order for adoption.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-101 - Certain Estates Created by Parol Are Estates at Will

    Every corporeal estate, leasehold or freehold, or incorporeal interest in land created by parol and not in writing and signed by the party creating it, or his agent lawfully authorized by writing, has the force and effect of an estate or interest at will only, and has no other or greater force or effect, either in law or equity.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-102 - Certain Estates Created by Parol Are Estates at Will -- One-Year Exception

    Section 5-101 of this title is not applicable to a leasehold estate not exceeding a term of one year.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-103 - Assignment, Grant, or Surrender of Interest in Property

    No corporeal estate, leasehold or freehold, or incorporeal interest in land may be assigned, granted, or surrendered, unless it is in writing signed by the party assigning, granting, or surrendering it, or his agent lawfully authorized by writing, or by act and operation of law.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-104 - Executory Contracts

    No action may be brought on any contract for the sale or disposition of land or of any interest in or concerning land unless the contract on which the action is brought, or some memorandum or note of it, is in writing and signed by the party to be charged or some other person lawfully authorized by him.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-105 - Declarations of Trust

    Except as provided in § 5-107 of this title, every declaration of trust, or amendment to it, respecting land shall be manifested and proved by a writing signed by the party who by law is enabled to declare the trust, or by his last will in writing, or else it is void.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-106 - Assignment of Beneficial Interest in Trust

    Every assignment of any beneficial interest in a trust, the assets of which wholly or partially consist of land, is void unless the assignment is:         (1)    In writing signed by the assignor or his agent lawfully authorized by writing; or        (2)    By his last will in writing.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-107 - Not Applicable to Resulting or Constructive Trusts or to Trusts Transferred or Extinguished by Operation of Law

    This title is not applicable where any grant is made of any interest in land by which a trust arises or results by implication or construction of law, or where a trust is transferred or extinguished by operation of law.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  5-108 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 5 - Statute of Frauds|Section 5-108 - Other Requirements of This Article Not Repealed

    Nothing in this title may be construed as negating any additional requirement of this article for the effective granting of estates or interests in land.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  6-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 6 - Rights of Entry and Possibilities of Reverter|Section 6-101 - Thirty-Year Limit on Possibilities of Reverter and Rights of Entry Created on or After July 1, 1969

    (a)    This section does not apply to an affordable housing land trust agreement executed under Title 14, Subtitle 5 of this article.    (b)    This section is effective on July 1, 1969, with respect to (1) inter vivos instruments taking effect on or after that date, (2) wills of persons who die on or after that date, and (3) appointments by inter vivos instruments or wills made on or after that date under powers created before that date.    (c)    If the specified contingency of a special limitation creating a possibility of reverter or of a condition subsequent creating a right of entry for condition broken does not occur within 30 years of the effective date of the instrument creating the possibility or condition, the possibility or condition no longer is valid thereafter.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  6-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 6 - Rights of Entry and Possibilities of Reverter|Section 6-103 - Limitations of Period Within Which Actions May Be Brought and Land Recovered by Reason of Termination of Determinable Fee-Simpleestates or on Happening of Condition Subsequent

    No person may commence an action for the recovery of land, nor make an entry on it, by reason of a breach of a condition subsequent, or by reason of the termination of an estate of fee-simple determinable, unless the action is commenced or entry is made within seven years after breach of the condition or from the time when the fee-simple determinable estate terminates. If a breach of a condition subsequent or termination of a fee-simple determinable estate occurred prior to July 1, 1969, an action may be commenced for the recovery of the land, or an entry may be made on it, by the owner of a right of entry or possibility of reverter by July 1, 1976. Possession of land after breach of a condition subsequent or after termination of an estate of fee-simple determinable is adverse and hostile from the first breach of a condition subsequent or from the occurrence of the event terminating the fee-simple determinable estate.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  6-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 6 - Rights of Entry and Possibilities of Reverter|Section 6-104 - Alienability of Possibilities of Reverter and Rights of Entry

    A possibility of reverter or right of entry for condition broken may be transferred in the same manner as any other interest in property.
MD. Real Property Code Ann. §  6-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Real Property|Title 6 - Rights of Entry and Possibilities of Reverter|Section 6-105 - Exception of Possibilities of Reverter and Rights of Entry Owned by State or Political Subdivisions

    The provisions of this title do not apply to grants made at any time by the State or its political subdivisions as long as the possibility of reverter or right of entry owned by the State or its political subdivisions is not transferred.