reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MI Comp L § 450.1411 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1411 - Repealed. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989.

450.1411 Repealed. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989. Compiler's Notes: The repealed section pertained to record date for determination of shareholders.
MI Comp L § 450.1412 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1412 - Fixing Record Dates for Certain Purposes.

450.1412 Fixing record dates for certain purposes. Sec. 412.  (1) For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at a meeting of shareholders or an adjournment of a meeting, the bylaws may provide for fixing, or in the absence of a provision the board may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board. The date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of the meeting. If a record date is not fixed, the record date for determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if no notice is given, the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. When a determination of shareholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this section, the determination applies to any adjournment of the meeting, unless the board fixes a new record date under this section for the adjourned meeting.  (2) For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to express consent to or to dissent from a proposal without a meeting, the bylaws may provide for fixing a record date, which shall not be more than 60 days before effectuation of the action proposed to be taken. In the absence of a provision, the board may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board and shall not be more than 10 days after the board resolution. If a record date is not fixed and prior action by the board is required with respect to the corporate action to be taken without a meeting, the record date shall be the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the board is adopted. If a record date is not fixed and prior action by the board is not required, the record date shall be the first date on which a signed written consent is delivered to the corporation as provided in section 407.  (3) For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of a share dividend or distribution, or allotment of a right, or for the purpose of any other action, the bylaws may provide for fixing, or in the absence of a provision the board may fix a record date, which shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board. The date shall not be more than 60 days before the payment of the share dividend or distribution or allotment of a right or other action. If a record date is not fixed, the record date shall be the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the board relating to the corporate action is adopted. History: Add. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989
MI Comp L § 450.1413 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1413 - List of Shareholders Entitled to Vote.

450.1413 List of shareholders entitled to vote. Sec. 413.  (1) The officer or agent having charge of the stock transfer books for shares of a corporation shall make and certify a complete list of the shareholders entitled to vote at a shareholders' meeting or any adjourned shareholders' meeting. The list shall be all of the following:  (a) Arranged alphabetically within each class and series, with the address of and the number of shares held by each shareholder.  (b) Produced at the time and place of the meeting.  (c) Subject to inspection by any shareholder during the entire meeting. If the meeting is held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall be open to the examination of any shareholder during the entire meeting by posting the list on a reasonably accessible electronic network and the information required to access the list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.  (d) Prima facie evidence as to who are the shareholders entitled to examine the list or to vote at the meeting.  (2) If the requirements of this section have not been complied with, and a shareholder present in person or by proxy in good faith challenges the existence of sufficient votes to carry any action at the meeting, the meeting shall be adjourned until the requirements are complied with. Failure to comply with the requirements of this section does not affect the validity of an action taken at the meeting before a challenge described in this subsection. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 2001, Act 57, Imd. Eff. July 23, 2001
MI Comp L § 450.1415 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1415 - Shareholder Meeting; Quorum.

450.1415 Shareholder meeting; quorum. Sec. 415.  (1) Unless a greater or lesser quorum is provided in the articles of incorporation, in a bylaw adopted by the shareholders or incorporators, or in this act, shares entitled to cast a majority of the votes at a meeting constitute a quorum at the meeting. The shareholders present in person or by proxy at the meeting may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum. Whether or not a quorum is present, the meeting may be adjourned by a vote of the shares present.  (2) When the holders of a class or series of shares are entitled to vote separately on an item of business, this section applies in determining the presence of a quorum of the class or series for transaction of the item of business. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 1974, Act 303, Imd. Eff. Oct. 21, 1974 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989 ;-- Am. 1997, Act 118, Imd. Eff. Oct. 24, 1997
MI Comp L § 450.1422 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1422 - Irrevocable Proxy.

450.1422 Irrevocable proxy. Sec. 422.  A proxy which is entitled "irrevocable proxy", and which states that it is irrevocable, is irrevocable when it is held by any of the following or a nominee of any of the following:  (a) A pledgee of or other holder of a security interest in the shares.  (b) A person who has purchased or agreed to purchase the shares.  (c) A creditor of the corporation who extends or continues credit to the corporation in consideration of the proxy.  (d) A person who has contracted to perform services as a director, officer, or employee of the corporation, if a proxy is required by the contract of employment.  (e) A person designated by or under an agreement under section 461.   (f) A holder of any other proxy coupled with an interest. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989
MI Comp L § 450.1423 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1423 - Revocable Proxy.

450.1423 Revocable proxy. Sec. 423.  (1) A proxy becomes revocable, notwithstanding a provision making it irrevocable, after the pledge is redeemed or the security interest is terminated, or the debt of the corporation is paid, or the period of employment provided for in the contract of employment has terminated, or the agreement under section 461 has terminated. In a case provided for in section 422(c) or (d), the proxy is revocable 3 years after the date of the proxy or at the end of any period specified in the proxy, whichever period is less, unless the period of irrevocability is renewed by execution of a new irrevocable proxy. This subsection does not affect the duration of a proxy under section 421(2).   (2) A proxy is revocable, notwithstanding a provision making it irrevocable, by a purchaser of shares who did not know of the existence of the provision unless the existence of the proxy and its irrevocability are noted conspicuously on the face or back of the certificate representing the shares. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989 ;-- Am. 1993, Act 91, Eff. Oct. 1, 1993
MI Comp L § 450.1431 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1431 - Inspectors at Shareholders' Meetings.

450.1431 Inspectors at shareholders' meetings. Sec. 431.  (1) If the bylaws require inspectors at a shareholders' meeting, the requirement is waived unless compliance therewith is requested by a shareholder present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting. Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, the board, in advance of a shareholders' meeting, may appoint 1 or more inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If inspectors are not so appointed, the person presiding at a shareholders' meeting may, and on request of a shareholder entitled to vote thereat shall, appoint 1 or more inspectors. In case a person appointed fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the board in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the person presiding thereat.  (2) The inspectors shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate votes, ballots or consents, determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all shareholders. On request of the person presiding at the meeting or a shareholder entitled to vote thereat, the inspectors shall make and execute a written report to the person presiding at the meeting of any of the facts found by them and matters determined by them. The report is prima facie evidence of the facts stated and of the vote as certified by the inspectors. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973
MI Comp L § 450.1432 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1432 - Procedure Recognizing Beneficial Owner of Shares as Shareholder.

450.1432 Procedure recognizing beneficial owner of shares as shareholder. Sec. 432.  (1) A corporation may establish a procedure by which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee is recognized by the corporation as the shareholder. The procedure established may determine the extent of this recognition.  (2) The procedure may set forth any of the following:  (a) The types of nominees to which it applies.  (b) The rights or privileges that the corporation recognizes in a beneficial owner.  (c) The manner in which the procedure is selected by the nominee.  (d) The information that must be provided when the procedure is selected.  (e) The period for which selection of the procedure is effective.  (f) Other aspects of the rights and duties created. History: Add. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989
MI Comp L § 450.1441 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1441 - Voting by Shareholders.

450.1441 Voting by shareholders.Sec. 441.  (1) Each outstanding share is entitled to 1 vote on each matter submitted to a vote of the shareholders, unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation. A vote may be cast either orally or in writing, unless otherwise provided in the bylaws.  (2) Other than the election of directors, if an action is to be taken by vote of the shareholders, it shall be authorized by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of shares entitled to vote on the action, unless a greater vote is required in the articles of incorporation or another section of this act. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, abstaining from a vote or submitting a ballot marked "abstain" with respect to an action is not a vote cast on that action. Unless otherwise provided in the articles, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at an election. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 1988, Act 58, Eff. Apr. 1, 1988 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 66, Imd. Eff. Mar. 20, 2006 Compiler's Notes: Section 2 of Act 58 of 1988 provides: “This amendatory act shall not apply to any domestic corporation before June 1, 1989, unless the corporation's board of directors adopts a resolution, pursuant to this section, electing to have this act apply to the corporation. The resolution shall specify the date after January 1, 1988 and before June 1, 1989 on which this act will apply to the corporation. The resolution shall be filed with the department of commerce, corporation and securities bureau, on or before the date that the act will apply to the corporation.”
MI Comp L § 450.1442 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1442 - Voting as a Class or Series.

450.1442 Voting as a class or series.Sec. 442.  (1) The articles of incorporation may provide that a class or series of shares shall vote as a class or series to authorize any action, including amendment to the articles. Any voting as a class or series shall be in addition to any other vote required by this act. If voting as a class or series is provided in the articles, it shall be by the proportionate vote provided in the articles or, if a proportionate vote is not so provided, then for any action other than the election of directors, by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of shares of that class or series entitled to vote on that action.  (2) If voting as a class or series is required by this act to authorize an action, the action shall be authorized by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of shares of each class or series entitled to vote on that action, unless a greater vote is required by the articles of incorporation or another section of this act. Any voting as a class or series shall be in addition to any other vote required by this act.  (3) Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, abstaining from a vote or submitting a ballot marked "abstain" with respect to an action that requires authorization by a vote of a class or series is not a vote cast on that action. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 2006, Act 67, Imd. Eff. Mar. 20, 2006
MI Comp L § 450.1444 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1444 - Voting Shares Standing in Name of Another Corporation; Voting Pledged Shares.

450.1444 Voting shares standing in name of another corporation; voting pledged shares. Sec. 444.  (1) Shares standing in the name of another domestic or foreign corporation, whether or not the corporation is subject to this act, may be voted by an officer or agent, or by proxy appointed by an officer or agent or by some other person, who by action of its board or pursuant to its bylaws, shall be appointed to vote the shares.  (2) A shareholder whose shares are pledged is entitled to vote the shares until they have been transferred into the name of the pledgee, or a nominee of the pledgee. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989
MI Comp L § 450.1445 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1445 - Voting Shares Held by Representatives or Fiduciaries.

450.1445 Voting shares held by representatives or fiduciaries. Sec. 445.  (1) Shares held by a person in a representative or fiduciary capacity may be voted by him without a transfer of the shares into his name.  (2) Shares held jointly by fiduciaries, where the instrument or order appointing the fiduciaries does not otherwise direct, shall be voted as follows:  (a) If only 1 fiduciary votes, his act binds all.  (b) If more than 1 fiduciary votes, the shares shall be voted as the majority of the fiduciaries determines.  (c) If the fiduciaries are equally divided as to how the shares shall be voted, a court having jurisdiction, in an action brought by any of the fiduciaries or by any beneficiary, may appoint an additional person to act with the fiduciaries in such matter, and the stock shall be voted by the majority of such fiduciaries and such additional person. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973
MI Comp L § 450.1446 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1446 - Voting by Joint Tenants or Tenants in Common.

450.1446 Voting by joint tenants or tenants in common. Sec. 446.  Shares held by 2 or more persons as joint tenants or as tenants in common may be voted at a meeting of shareholders by any of such persons, unless another joint tenant or tenant in common seeks to vote any of such shares in person or by proxy. In the latter event, the written agreement, if any, which governs the manner in which the shares shall be voted, controls if presented at the meeting. If no such agreement is presented at the meeting, the majority in interest of the joint tenants or tenants in common present shall control the manner of voting. If there is no such majority, the shares, for the purpose of voting, shall be divided among such joint tenants or tenants in common in accordance with their interest in the shares. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973
MI Comp L § 450.1447 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1447 - Repealed. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989.

450.1447 Repealed. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989. Compiler's Notes: The repealed section pertained to voting of treasury shares or shares sufficient to elect majority of directors of another corporation.
MI Comp L § 450.1447a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1447a - Voting Shares Owned by Second Corporation.

450.1447a Voting shares owned by second corporation. Sec. 447a.  Absent an order of a court of competent jurisdiction based upon a determination that special circumstances exist and the best interests of the corporation would be served, the shares of a corporation shall not be voted on any matter or considered to be outstanding shares for any purpose related to voting if they are owned, directly or indirectly, by a second corporation, domestic or foreign, and the first corporation owns, directly or indirectly, a majority of the shares entitled to vote for directors of the second corporation. History: Add. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989 ;-- Am. 1993, Act 91, Eff. Oct. 1, 1993
MI Comp L § 450.1448 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1448 - Voting of Redeemable Shares.

450.1448 Voting of redeemable shares. Sec. 448.  After written notice of redemption of redeemable shares has been mailed to the holders thereof and a sum sufficient to redeem the shares has been deposited with a bank or trust company with irrevocable instruction and authority to pay the redemption price to the holders thereof upon surrender of certificates therefor, the shares shall not be voted on any matter nor deemed to be outstanding shares. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973
MI Comp L § 450.1451 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1451 - Cumulative Voting.

450.1451 Cumulative voting. Sec. 451.  The articles of incorporation may provide that a shareholder entitled to vote at an election for directors may vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares owned by him for as many persons as there are directors to be elected and for whose election he has a right to vote, or to cumulate his votes by giving 1 candidate as many votes as the number of such directors multiplied by the number of his shares, or by distributing his votes on the same principle among any number of the candidates. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973
MI Comp L § 450.1455 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1455 - Articles Control Where Voting Requirements Exceed Those of Act.

450.1455 Articles control where voting requirements exceed those of act. Sec. 455.  With respect to an action to be taken by the shareholders, if the articles of incorporation require the vote or concurrence of the holders of a greater proportion of the shares, or of a class or series of shares, than required by this act with respect to the action, the articles shall control. An amendment of the articles which changes or deletes such a provision shall be authorized by the vote required to amend the articles pursuant to section 611, or by the same vote as would be required to take action under the provision, whichever is greater. The failure to include a provision of the kind described in this section in the articles shall not invalidate any bylaw or agreement which would otherwise be considered valid. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989
MI Comp L § 450.1461 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 450 - Corporations|Act 284 of 1972 - Business Corporation Act (450.1101 - 450.2099)|284-1972-4 - Chapter 4 Shareholders (450.1401...450.1497)|Section 450.1461 - Voting Agreements Between Shareholders.

450.1461 Voting agreements between shareholders. Sec. 461.  An agreement between 2 or more shareholders, if in writing and signed by the parties, may provide that in exercising voting rights, the shares held by them shall be voted as provided in the agreement, or as they may agree, or as determined in accordance with a procedure agreed upon by them. A voting agreement executed pursuant to this section, whether or not proxies are executed pursuant to the agreement, is not subject to sections 466 through 468. A voting agreement under this section shall be specifically enforceable. History: 1972, Act 284, Eff. Jan. 1, 1973 ;-- Am. 1989, Act 121, Eff. Oct. 1, 1989