reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
15 PA Cons Stat § 504 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 504 - Validation of certain defective corporations

§ 504. Validation of certain defective corporations.  Where heretofore or hereafter any act has been or may be done or any transfer or conveyance of any property has been or may be made to or by any corporation created or intended to be created under any statute supplied or repealed by this part, in good faith, after the approval of the articles or application for a charter or issuance of letters patent but without the actual recording of the original papers with the endorsements thereon, or a certified copy thereof, in the office of any recorder of deeds, as provided in such statutes then in force, the acts, transfers and conveyances shall nevertheless be deemed and taken to be valid and effectual for all purposes, regardless of the omission to record the original papers with the endorsements thereon, or a certified copy thereof, as heretofore required by such statutes. Every such corporation shall be deemed and taken to have been incorporated on the date of approval of its articles or application for a charter or on the date of issuance of its letters patent, whichever event shall have last occurred.
15 PA Cons Stat § 505 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 505 - Validation of certain defective corporate acts

§ 505. Validation of certain defective corporate acts.  Where any corporation governed by this part or created or intended to be created or governed by any statute supplied or repealed by this part has, in good faith, extended its territory or term of existence, changed its name, merged, consolidated or otherwise altered or amended its charter or articles under any statute supplied or repealed by this part but without the actual recording of a document or documents evidencing the corporate action in the office of any recorder of deeds, as provided in such statutes then in force, and a record of the corporate action is on file in the office of the clerk of any court of this Commonwealth or in the Department of State, the corporate action shall nevertheless be deemed and taken to be valid for all purposes, regardless of the omission to record the document or documents as heretofore required by such statutes, and every such corporate action shall be deemed and taken to have been effected upon the filing of the corporate action in the office of the clerk of any court or in the department, or upon the approval of the action, if required, by a court, or by the Governor, Secretary of the Commonwealth or other officer performing corresponding functions with respect to corporate affairs, whichever event has last occurred.
15 PA Cons Stat § 506 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 506 - Scope and duration of certain franchises

§ 506. Scope and duration of certain franchises.   (a) General rule.--Except as provided in subsection (b), whenever any corporation has sold, assigned, disposed of and conveyed all or any part of its franchises and all or any part of its property, real, personal and mixed, to any other corporation, and the franchises and property have vested in the vendee corporation, or whenever any corporation has heretofore merged or may hereafter merge with and into or consolidate into a surviving or new corporation, the vendee, surviving or new corporation or its successor corporation shall be deemed to possess as a constituent of its own charter, and not as a direct or indirect acquisition from the vendor or nonsurviving corporation, franchise rights of identical scope and character as those originally acquired by it and any of its predecessors in interest from every vendor or nonsurviving predecessor corporation regardless of the fact, if such is the case, that the franchises of any vendor or nonsurviving predecessor corporation, had they been separately existing, would have theretofore expired of their own limitations. The charter of any vendee, surviving, new or successor corporation to which this section may become applicable and all franchise rights thereof attributable under this section or otherwise to or acquired from any vendor or nonsurviving predecessor corporation shall expire upon the same date, which date shall be the later of the dates on which the charter or the most remotely limited of the franchise rights would otherwise expire, and every renewal, extension or change in the term of existence of the vendee, surviving, new or successor corporation by merger, consolidation or otherwise shall inure to the franchise rights attributable to or acquired from all such vendor or nonsurviving predecessor corporations.  (b) Exception.--This section shall not operate to revive any franchise rights heretofore or hereafter expressly surrendered by the affirmative action of any such vendee, surviving, new or successor corporation.
15 PA Cons Stat § 507 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 507 - Validation of certain share authorizations

§ 507. Validation of certain share authorizations.   (a) General rule.--Where heretofore any domestic corporation for profit shall have redeemed and canceled any shares subject to redemption and cancellation, acquired its own shares on conversion thereof into or exchange thereof for other shares of the corporation, purchased or redeemed and canceled any shares, canceled any treasury shares, redeemed any shares or adopted any resolution of the board with respect to authorized but unissued shares reducing the number of shares that the corporation is authorized to issue without filing in the Department of State a statement of redemption and cancellation, a statement of cancellation of shares, a statement of reduction of authorized shares or similar document as then provided by any statute supplied or repealed by Subpart B (relating to business corporations), such action shall be deemed not to have had any effect on the authorized share structure of the corporation and the number and class of shares authorized to be issued by the corporation from time to time and at any time shall be deemed and taken to be the number and class of shares as set forth at the time in the most recently amended text of the charter or articles of the corporation as then on file in the department.  (b) Restriction on reissuance.--Subsection (a) shall not validate any shares reissued in violation of a provision of the charter or articles prohibiting the reissuance of redeemed or otherwise acquired shares. Except as otherwise expressly provided therein, such a provision shall not be interpreted as prohibiting the reissuance of redeemed or otherwise acquired shares as shares of a different class or series.
15 PA Cons Stat § 511 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 511 - Application and effect of subchapter

§ 511. Application and effect of subchapter.   (a) General rule.--This subchapter shall apply to and the terms "corporation" or "domestic corporation" in this subchapter shall mean a domestic corporation except: (1) A business corporation as defined in section 1103 (relating to definitions). (2) A nonprofit corporation as defined in section 5103 (relating to definitions).  (b) Alternative provisions.--Section 516 (relating to alternative standard) shall not be applicable to any corporation to which section 515 (relating to exercise of powers generally) is applicable. Section 515 shall be applicable to any corporation except a corporation: (1) the bylaws of which, by amendment adopted by the board of directors on or before July 26, 1990, and not subsequently rescinded by an articles amendment, explicitly provide that section 515 or corresponding provisions of prior law shall not be applicable to the corporation; or (2) the articles of which explicitly provide that section 515 or corresponding provisions of prior law shall not be applicable to the corporation.    Cross References. Section 511 is referred to in sections 515, 516, 1711 of this title.
15 PA Cons Stat § 512 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 512 - Standard of care and justifiable reliance

§ 512. Standard of care and justifiable reliance.   (a) Directors.--A director of a domestic corporation shall stand in a fiduciary relation to the corporation and shall perform his duties as a director, including his duties as a member of any committee of the board upon which he may serve, in good faith, in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, skill and diligence, as a person of ordinary prudence would use under similar circumstances. In performing his duties, a director shall be entitled to rely in good faith on information, opinions, reports or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, in each case prepared or presented by any of the following: (1) One or more officers or employees of the corporation whom the director reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented. (2) Counsel, public accountants or other persons as to matters which the director reasonably believes to be within the professional or expert competence of such person. (3) A committee of the board upon which he does not serve, duly designated in accordance with law, as to matters within its designated authority, which committee the director reasonably believes to merit confidence.  (b) Effect of actual knowledge.--A director shall not be considered to be acting in good faith if he has knowledge concerning the matter in question that would cause his reliance to be unwarranted.  (c) Officers.--Except as otherwise provided in the articles, an officer shall perform his duties as an officer in good faith, in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, skill and diligence, as a person of ordinary prudence would use under similar circumstances. A person who so performs his duties shall not be liable by reason of having been an officer of the corporation.    Cross References. Section 512 is referred to in sections 515, 516, 517 of this title; section 712 of Title 17 (Credit Unions).
15 PA Cons Stat § 513 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 513 - Personal liability of directors

§ 513. Personal liability of directors.   (a) General rule.--If a bylaw adopted by the shareholders entitled to vote or members entitled to vote of a domestic corporation so provides, a director shall not be personally liable, as such, for monetary damages for any action taken unless: (1) the director has breached or failed to perform the duties of his office under this subchapter; and (2) the breach or failure to perform constitutes self-dealing, willful misconduct or recklessness.  (b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to: (1) the responsibility or liability of a director pursuant to any criminal statute; or (2) the liability of a director for the payment of taxes pursuant to Federal, State or local law.  (c) Cross reference.--See 42 Pa.C.S. § 8332.5 (relating to corporate representatives).    Cross References. Section 513 is referred to in section 712 of Title 17 (Credit Unions).
15 PA Cons Stat § 514 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 514 - Notation of dissent

§ 514. Notation of dissent.  A director of a domestic corporation who is present at a meeting of its board of directors, or of a committee of the board, at which action on any corporate matter is taken on which the director is generally competent to act, shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his dissent is entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he files his written dissent to the action with the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or transmits the dissent in writing to the secretary of the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. The right to dissent shall not apply to a director who voted in favor of the action. Nothing in this subchapter shall bar a director from asserting that minutes of the meeting incorrectly omitted his dissent if, promptly upon receipt of a copy of such minutes, he notifies the secretary in writing of the asserted omission or inaccuracy.
15 PA Cons Stat § 516 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 516 - Alternative standard

§ 516. Alternative standard.   (a) General rule.--In discharging the duties of their respective positions, the board of directors, committees of the board and individual directors of a domestic corporation may, in considering the best interests of the corporation, consider the effects of any action upon employees, upon suppliers and customers of the corporation and upon communities in which offices or other establishments of the corporation are located, and all other pertinent factors. The consideration of those factors shall not constitute a violation of section 512 (relating to standard of care and justifiable reliance).  (b) Presumption.--Absent breach of fiduciary duty, lack of good faith or self-dealing, actions taken as a director shall be presumed to be in the best interests of the corporation.  (c) Cross reference.--See section 511(b) (relating to alternative provisions).    Cross References. Section 516 is referred to in sections 511, 517 of this title.
15 PA Cons Stat § 517 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 517 - Limitation on standing

§ 517. Limitation on standing.  The duty of the board of directors, committees of the board and individual directors under section 512 (relating to standard of care and justifiable reliance) is solely to the domestic corporation and may be enforced directly by the corporation or may be enforced by a shareholder or member, as such, by an action in the right of the corporation, and may not be enforced directly by a shareholder, member or by any other person or group. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, sections 515(a) and (b) (relating to exercise of powers generally) and 516(a) (relating to alternative standard) do not impose upon the board of directors, committees of the board and individual directors any legal or equitable duties, obligations or liabilities or create any right or cause of action against, or basis for standing to sue, the board of directors, committees of the board and individual directors.
15 PA Cons Stat § 518 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 518 - Nonexclusivity and supplementary coverage

§ 518. Nonexclusivity and supplementary coverage.   (a) General rule.--The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or pursuant to section 522 (relating to indemnification of authorized representatives) or any other provisions of law providing for indemnification or advancement of expenses applicable to any domestic corporation shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders, members or directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding that office. Any domestic corporation may create a fund of any nature, which may, but need not be, under the control of a trustee, or otherwise secure or insure in any manner its indemnification obligations, whether arising under or pursuant to this section or otherwise.  (b) When indemnification is not to be made.--Indemnification pursuant to subsection (a) shall not be made in any case where the act giving rise to the claim for indemnification is determined by a court to have constituted willful misconduct or recklessness.  (c) Grounds.--Indemnification pursuant to subsection (a) under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders, members or directors or otherwise may be granted for any action taken and may be made whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person under any other provision of law except as provided in this section and whether or not the indemnified liability arises or arose from any threatened, pending or completed action by or in the right of the corporation. Such indemnification is declared to be consistent with the public policy of this Commonwealth.  (d) Payment of expenses.--Expenses incurred by an officer, director, employee or agent in defending any action or proceeding against which indemnification may be made pursuant to this section may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.  (e) Rights to indemnification.--The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this section shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.
15 PA Cons Stat § 521 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 521 - Pensions and allowances

§ 521. Pensions and allowances. A banking institution may grant allowances or pensions to officers, directors and employees for faithful and long-continued services and, after the death of the officer, director or employee either while in the service of the corporation or after retirement, pensions or allowances may be granted or continued to their dependents. The allowances to dependents shall be reasonable in amount and paid only for a limited time and, unless part of an employee benefit plan or employment contract in effect at the time of retirement or death of the officer, director or employee, shall not exceed in total the amount of the compensation paid to the officer, director or employee during the 12 months preceding retirement or death.  (Dec. 19, 1990, P.L.834, No.198, eff. imd.; Nov. 21, 2016, P.L.1328, No.170, eff. 90 days)
15 PA Cons Stat § 522 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 522 - Indemnification of authorized representatives

§ 522. Indemnification of authorized representatives. A banking institution shall be governed by the provisions of Subchapter D of Chapter 17 (relating to indemnification).  (Dec. 19, 1990, P.L.834, No.198, eff. imd.; Nov. 21, 2016, P.L.1328, No.170, eff. 90 days)    Cross References. Section 522 is referred to in sections 518, 523 of this title.
15 PA Cons Stat § 523 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 5 - Corporations|Section 523 - Actions by shareholders or members to enforce a secondary right

§ 523. Actions by shareholders or members to enforce a secondary right. (a) General rule.--In any action brought to enforce a secondary right on the part of one or more shareholders or members against any officer or director or former officer or director of a banking institution, because the corporation refuses to enforce rights which may properly be asserted by it, the plaintiff or plaintiffs must aver and it must be made to appear that the plaintiff or each plaintiff was a shareholder or was a member of the corporation at the time of the transaction of which he complains or that his stock or membership devolved upon him by operation of law from a person who was a shareholder or member at that time.  (b) Security for costs.--In any such action instituted or maintained by a holder or holders of less than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of the corporation or voting trust certificates therefor, or by a member or members of a corporation organized without capital stock which has outstanding contracts or accounts with its members if the value of the contracts or accounts held or owned by the member or members instituting or maintaining the suit is less than 5% of the value of all the contracts or accounts outstanding, the corporation in whose right the action is brought shall be entitled, at any stage of the proceedings, to require the plaintiff or plaintiffs to give security for the reasonable expenses, including attorneys' fees, which may be incurred by the corporation in connection therewith or for which it may become liable pursuant to section 522 (relating to indemnification of authorized representatives) (but only insofar as relates to mandatory indemnification in actions by or in the right of the corporation) to which security the corporation shall have recourse in such amount as the court having jurisdiction shall determine upon the termination of the action. The amount of the security may, from time to time, be increased or decreased in the discretion of the court having jurisdiction of the action upon showing that the security provided has or is likely to become inadequate or excessive. The security may be denied or limited by the court if the court finds after an evidentiary hearing that undue hardship on plaintiffs and serious injustice would result.  (c) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in this subsection:  "Director." Includes any individual performing the function of director, regardless of title.  "Member." Includes depositors in a mutual banking institution.  (Dec. 19, 1990, P.L.834, No.198, eff. imd.; Nov. 21, 2016, P.L.1328, No.170, eff. 90 days)    2016 Amendment. Act 170 amended subsecs. (a) and (b).
15 PA Cons Stat § 1101 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS|Chapter 11 - General Provisions|Section 1101 - Short titles

§ 1101. Short titles.   (a) Title of subpart.--This subpart shall be known and may be cited as the Business Corporation Law of 1988.  (b) Prior law.--The act of May 5, 1933 (P.L.364, No.106), shall be known and may be cited as the Business Corporation Law of 1933.