reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 8-1-224 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-224 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-224THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  In order to be enforceable, a covered contract shall state in writing that the obligated party may not be held liable for breach of the non-disparagement obligation if the obligated party makes an otherwise disparaging statement in good faith and solely for any of the following purposes: (1) To communicate with a law enforcement officer acting within the line and scope of the officer's law enforcement duties that a violation of the law has occurred or is occurring. (2) To communicate with a government regulator acting within the line and scope of the regulator's regulatory duties that a violation of the law has occurred or is occurring. (3) To respond to a lawfully served judicial, grand jury, or other lawful subpoena. (4) To testify in a judicial or administrative proceeding in response to a lawfully served subpoena or an order of a court of competent jurisdiction. (5) To confer with the obligated party's attorney for the purpose of obtaining legal advice or representation. (6) To respond to lawful discovery in a judicial or administrative action; provided the disparaging statement is either ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction or made in compliance with a protective order entered by the same court. (7) To prosecute or defend a civil action between or among parties to a covered contract; provided the party making the disparaging statement attempts to and, if permitted by law, does file the disparaging statement and any related pleading under seal or in compliance with a protective order entered by a court of competent jurisdiction in the civil action. (8) To exercise federally protected statutory rights, including, but not limited to, the exercise of rights under the National Labor Relations Act or the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended. (Act 2021-503, §5.)
AL Code § 8-1-225 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-225 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-225THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  (a) A covered contract containing a non-disparagement obligation in writing requires the parties to the covered contract to file under seal all initial and responsive pleadings and motions, including, but not limited to, motions under Alabama Rule of Civil Procedure 65 seeking enforcement of a covered contract. (b) A court of competent jurisdiction may exercise its judgment regarding what, if any, filings filed under seal pursuant to this section must remain under seal. In making this judgment, the court shall consider the extent to which unsealing any or all parts of the record would cause, perpetuate, or increase any injury to any of the litigants or related third parties. (c) If any party files a motion to seal the pleadings, motions, or other filings associated with a claim under this article, the court shall seal or continue to seal the pleadings, motions, or other filings absent a showing by the non-moving party of a compelling public interest to partially or completely unseal the pleadings, motions, or other filings. (d) To the extent allowed by law, the parties may include in a covered contract a requirement that notice be provided prior to providing to outside third parties information protected under this article. (e) In a civil action for breach of a covered contract in which the only damage pleaded and requested by the plaintiff is liquidated damages, there shall be no required proof of actual damage. As used in this subsection, a request for an award of attorneys' fees, costs, and expenses is not considered damages or liquidated damages. (Act 2021-503, §6.)
AL Code § 8-1-226 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-226 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-226THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  In the event any provision or provisions of a covered contract are found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable as a matter of law, such provisions shall be severable from the covered contract and shall not affect the enforceability of the remainder of the covered contract. (Act 2021-503, §7.)
AL Code § 8-1-227 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-227 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-227THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  (a) Nothing in this article affects any defense or immunity otherwise available under applicable law. (b) Nothing in this article shall reduce, void, or diminish any obligations or contractual obligations of any kind or nature between shareholders, owners, members, and officers of any entity that is governed by Title 10A. (c) Parties to a covered contract may disclaim the applicability of this article to their covered contract and thereby make this article inapplicable to their otherwise covered contract, provided the disclaimer expressly and plainly states that the parties to the covered contract are knowingly waiving this article. (d) If the parties exercise the right to disclaim the provisions of this article under subsection (c), this article shall not be the basis for any interpretation or determination of enforceability of any of the provisions of the otherwise covered contract entered into by the parties.  (Act 2021-503, §8.)
AL Code § 8-1-228 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-228 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-228THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  (a) In an action for breach of a contract governed by this article when actual damages are sought, a defendant may assert affirmative defenses available under the law. (b) If actual damages are sought, the defendant may also assert the following additional affirmative defenses: (1) The disparaging statement was made in good faith. (2) The disparaging statement was made by mistake. (3) The disparaging statement caused no harm to the plaintiff. (4) The disparaging statement was retracted in such a way as to eliminate or reduce the harm to the plaintiff. (c) Unless it is specifically provided in the covered contract, none of the additional affirmative defenses apply to negate or diminish the effects or full enforcement of a liquidated damages provision in the covered contract. (Act 2021-503, §9.)
AL Code § 8-1-229 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-229 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-229THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  Upon a finding of whether there has been a breach of a contract governed by this article, the court may order and award any of the following: (1) Injunctive and other equitable relief as may be appropriate with respect to any actual or threatened breach. (2) The actual damages recoverable under existing law that are suffered as a result of the breach of contract. (3) Liquidated damages, but only if provided for in the covered contract. (4) Reasonable attorney's fees and costs, but only if provided for in the covered contract. (Act 2021-503, §10.)
AL Code § 8-1-230 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-230 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-230THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  Nothing in this article shall affect any agreement executed prior to January 1, 2022. (Act 2021-503, §11.)
AL Code § 8-3-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-1 - Relationship of Joint Makers of Notes, Bills, Etc.

Section 8-3-1Relationship of joint makers of notes, bills, etc. Joint makers of notes, bills, bonds, or contracts for the payment of money are bound severally and jointly to the payee, transferee, or holder, jointly and severally, for the full amount due; but as between themselves, each is principal to the extent of his share of the joint and several debt and surety to the extent of the shares of the other makers. (Code 1907, §5384; Code 1923, §9543; Code 1940, T. 9, §77.)
AL Code § 8-3-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-2 - Rights of Surety Who Has Paid Debt.

Section 8-3-2Rights of surety who has paid debt. A surety who has paid his principal's debt is entitled to a transfer of the original and collateral security which the creditor holds; he has all the rights to realize thereon and to reimburse himself to the same extent as the creditor might have done before the surety paid him, whether paid before or after judgment; and he shall be substituted for the creditor and subrogated to all his rights and remedies; in effect, he shall be a purchaser of the debt and all its incidents. (Code 1907, §5385; Code 1923, §9544; Code 1940, T. 9, §78.)
AL Code § 8-3-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-3 - Remedies Given Sureties Not Exclusive.

Section 8-3-3Remedies given sureties not exclusive. The remedies given sureties and cosureties in this chapter are not exclusive of other remedies conferred by statute or existing at common law, but are cumulative and additional. (Code 1907, §5386; Code 1923, §9545; Code 1940, T. 9, §79.)
AL Code § 8-3-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-4 - Tender by Surety Discharges Surety.

Section 8-3-4Tender by surety discharges surety. The surety may tender to the creditor the amount of his debt and demand that the evidence of and the securities for the same be delivered up to him to be enforced against his principal or cosureties; and a failure of the creditor to comply, when within his power, shall operate to discharge the surety. (Code 1907, §5387; Code 1923, §9546; Code 1940, T. 9, §80.)
AL Code § 8-3-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-5 - Rights of Surety Against Principal Upon Payment of Debt.

Section 8-3-5Rights of surety against principal upon payment of debt. Payment by a surety or endorser of a debt past due entitles him to proceed immediately against his principal for the sum paid, with interest thereon, and all legal costs to which he may have been subjected by the default of the principal. (Code 1907, §5388; Code 1923, §9547; Code 1940, T. 9, §81.)
AL Code § 8-3-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-6 - Suretyship May Be Proved by Parol.

Section 8-3-6Suretyship may be proved by parol. If the fact of suretyship does not appear on the face of the contract, it may be proved by parol, either before or after the judgment. (Code 1907, §5389; Code 1923, §9548; Code 1940, T. 9, §82.)
AL Code § 8-3-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-7 - Rights of Surety Sued Separately and Paying Judgment.

Section 8-3-7Rights of surety sued separately and paying judgment. If the surety is sued separately from his principal, on payment by him of the judgment against him, he shall be entitled to control the judgment and execution against his principal in the same manner as if the judgment and execution were joint; and if he does not appear as surety in the judgment against him, he may give notice and make the proof and obtain the control in the same manner as pointed out in cases of joint judgment. (Code 1907, §5390; Code 1923, §9549; Code 1940, T. 9, §83.)
AL Code § 8-3-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-8 - Payments by Surety Pending Action.

Section 8-3-8Payments by surety pending action. If the surety pays off the debt pending an action against the principal and himself or against the principal alone, such payment shall operate only to cause the action to proceed for the benefit of such surety, and the judgment may be entered in the name of the original plaintiff for the use of such surety. (Code 1907, §5391; Code 1923, §9550; Code 1940, T. 9, §84.)
AL Code § 8-3-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-9 - Contribution by Cosureties.

Section 8-3-9Contribution by cosureties. All the foregoing provisions of this article shall apply to cases where there are more than one surety, so as to enable a surety discharging a joint debt, in whole or in part, either pending the action or after joint or several judgments, to control the same against his cosureties for the purpose of compelling them to contribute their respective shares of the amount so paid by him. (Code 1907, §5392; Code 1923, §9551; Code 1940, T. 9, §85.)
AL Code § 8-3-10 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-10 - Control of Judgment by Endorser Upon Payment of Debt.

Section 8-3-10Control of judgment by endorser upon payment of debt. (a) Every endorser who shall pay off and discharge the debt on which he is endorser, either pending the action or after judgment, whether the judgment be joint against the principal and all the endorsers or several against such, shall be entitled to control the judgment and execution founded thereon against the principal and all prior endorsers in the same manner, upon the same proof and under the same circumstances as provided in the case of sureties. (b) If such endorser shall collect the same of a prior endorser, such prior endorser shall have the same control of the judgment or judgments against the principal or any endorser prior to him. (Code 1907, §5393; Code 1923, §9552; Code 1940, T. 9, §86.)
AL Code § 8-3-11 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-11 - Surety Paying Debt Subrogated to Rights of Creditor.

Section 8-3-11Surety paying debt subrogated to rights of creditor. A surety who has paid the debt of his principal is subrogated to all the rights of the creditor and, in a controversy with other creditors, ranks in dignity the same as the creditor whose claim is paid. (Code 1907, §5394; Code 1923, §9553; Code 1940, T. 9, §87.)
AL Code § 8-3-12 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-12 - When Surety Not to Confess Judgment.

Section 8-3-12When surety not to confess judgment. No surety, when sued, can confess judgment or suffer judgment to pass by default if the principal debtor, on being notified of the pending action, is willing to defend the action at his own cost and give good and sufficient collateral security to the surety, to be approved by the court. (Code 1852, §2646; Code 1867, §3073; Code 1876, §3413; Code 1886, §3152; Code 1896, §3883; Code 1907, §5395; Code 1923, §9554; Code 1940, T. 9, §88.)
AL Code § 8-3-13 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-13 - Surety May Require Creditor to Bring Action Against Principal; Discharge of Surety Upon Failure to Bring Action.

Section 8-3-13Surety may require creditor to bring action against principal; discharge of surety upon failure to bring action. (a) A surety upon any contract for the payment of money or for the delivery or payment of personal property may require the creditor or anyone having the beneficial interest in the contract, by notice in writing, to bring an action thereon against the principal debtor or against any cosurety to such contract. (b) If an action is not brought thereon in three months after the receipt of such notice and prosecuted with diligence according to the ordinary course of law, the surety giving such notice is discharged from all liability as surety or his aliquot proportion of the debt, as the case may be. (c) One surety may give the notice in behalf of his cosureties. (d) The remedy secured by this section does not apply to bonds or other contracts with collateral conditions, nor to the bonds of executors, administrators, guardians, or public officers. (Code 1852, §§2647, 2648; Code 1867, §§3074, 3075; Code 1876, §§3414, 3415; Code 1886, §§3153, 3154; Code 1896, §§3884, 3885; Code 1907, §§5396, 5397; Code 1923, §§9555, 9556; Code 1940, T. 9, §§89, 90.)
AL Code § 8-3-14 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-14 - Provisions of Chapter Inure to Benefit of Personal Representatives.

Section 8-3-14Provisions of chapter inure to benefit of personal representatives. All the provisions of this chapter inure to the benefit of the personal representatives of the creditor or surety and in favor of sureties and cosureties against the personal representatives of the principal or of a surety. (Code 1852, §2649; Code 1867, §3076; Code 1876, §3416; Code 1886, §3155; Code 1896, §3886; Code 1907, §5398; Code 1923, §9557; Code 1940, T. 9, §91.)
AL Code § 8-3-15 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 8-3-15 - Court in Which Complaints Filed.

Section 8-3-15Court in which complaints filed. In cases not otherwise provided for in this chapter, complaints must be filed in the circuit court of the county in which the parties, or any of them, against whom the complaint is filed reside or, if they are nonresidents or have no fixed residence in the state, in the circuit court of any county in the state or in a district court where such court has acquired jurisdiction of the original debt. (Code 1852, §2650; Code 1867, §3077; Code 1876, §3417; Code 1886, §3156; Code 1896, §3887; Code 1907, §5399; Code 1923, §9558; Code 1940, T. 9, §92.)
AL Code § 8-3-30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 2 - Replevy Bonds.|Section 8-3-30 - When Surety on Replevy Bond May Demand Collateral Security; Seizure of Property if Collateral Not Given; Disposition of Seized Perishable Property.

Section 8-3-30When surety on replevy bond may demand collateral security; seizure of property if collateral not given; disposition of seized perishable property. (a) When the principal in any replevy bond is wasting the replevied property or is removing or is about to remove himself or property out of the state, the surety or sureties on the replevy bond may demand of the principal adequate indemnity against loss by collateral security. (b) If such security is not given within five days after demand made, the surety may make affidavit thereof before the clerk of the court in which such bond is filed, setting forth the demand of the principal for collateral security, for some one or more of the causes mentioned in subsection (a) of this section, and that the principal has failed to give security. Thereupon, the clerk must issue a writ directed to the sheriff commanding him to seize the replevied property and hold the same until the decision of the civil action in which it was replevied or until the principal executes bond with sufficient surety in the same penalty as the replevy bond, payable to the surety, with condition to have the property forthcoming to abide the decision in the principal civil action, or to pay and satisfy the judgment entered therein. (c) If the bond is not given and the property seized is of a wasting or perishable nature or the expense of keeping it would materially affect its value, it must be sold by the sheriff in the same manner as property levied on under execution and return thereof made as upon a writ of execution. (d) If the bond is given, it must be filed with the original replevy bond, and execution may issue thereon upon a breach of the original replevy bond in favor either of the plaintiff or of the surety. (Code 1852, §§2638-2642; Code 1867, §§3065-3069; Code 1876, §§3405-3409; Code 1886, §§3144-3148; Code 1896, §§3875-3879; Code 1907, §§5400-5404; Code 1923, §§9559-9563; Code 1940, T. 9, §§93-97.)
AL Code § 8-3-40 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 3 - Suretyship.|Article 3 - Judgments.|Section 8-3-40 - Transfer of Judgment to Surety Upon Payment of Same by Surety.

Section 8-3-40Transfer of judgment to surety upon payment of same by surety. (a) Whenever a judgment is obtained by a creditor on a demand to which there are one or more sureties, the sureties may pay such demand, and the same shall be transferred by operation of law to the surety or sureties paying or satisfying such demand, who shall have all the liens or equities of such judgment and of the debt or claim on which the same is founded. (b) The plaintiff in the judgment, his agent or attorney of record, when the payment is made, must assign such judgment to the surety or sureties paying the money, who may collect the same, with interest and costs, in the name of the plaintiff for their use, and may assert any lien or right against the principal debtor which the plaintiff could have asserted if the debt had not been paid. (Code 1852, §2651; Code 1867, §3078; Code 1876, §3418; Code 1886, §3157; Code 1896, §3888; Code 1907, §5408; Code 1923, §9567; Code 1940, T. 9, §101.)