reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-197b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-197b - Discovery outside country to be in accordance with treaty or convention or court order.

 (a) If an applicable treaty or convention including, but not limited to, the Hague Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad, provides for discovery outside the United States of America, the discovery methods agreed to in such treaty or convention shall be employed.(b) If an applicable treaty or convention renders discovery inadequate or inequitable but does not prohibit additional discovery, the Superior Court may, upon application, order additional discovery under such terms and conditions as the court deems just and equitable.(P.A. 91-324, S. 2.)Cited. 229 C. 716.
CT Gen Stat § 52-198 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-198 - Disclosure; examination of officer of corporation.

 If a corporation is party to an action, the opposite party may examine the president, treasurer, secretary, clerk or any director or other officer thereof in the same manner as if he were a party to the suit.(1949 Rev., S. 7950.)Cited. 212 C. 661; 229 C. 716.
CT Gen Stat § 52-199 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-199 - Questions which need not be answered. Self-incrimination.

 (a) In any hearing or trial, a party interrogated shall not be obliged to answer a question or produce a document the answering or producing of which would tend to incriminate him, or to disclose his title to any property if the title is not material to the hearing or trial.(b) The right to refuse to answer a question, produce a document or disclose a title may be claimed by the party interrogated or by counsel in his behalf.(1949 Rev., S. 7951; P.A. 82-160, S. 62.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators.See Sec. 51-35 re witnesses' imprisonment for refusal to testify and protection against self-incrimination.See Sec. 54-84 re option of accused to testify or remain silent during trial.Answers to interrogatories did not expose defendant to self-degradation and self-incrimination. 137 C. 404. Privilege against self-incrimination does not apply to corporations. 212 C. 661. Cited. 229 C. 716.Cited. 32 CA 811; 37 CA 456; judgment reversed, see 236 C. 176.The term “any hearing or trial” includes the taking of a deposition. 31 CS 66. Cited. 32 CS 306.
CT Gen Stat § 52-200 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-200 - Disclosure not conclusive.

 When either party in any action has obtained from the other party a disclosure on oath, respecting the matters alleged in any pleading, the disclosure shall not be deemed conclusive, but may be contradicted like any other testimony.(1949 Rev., S. 7952.)Cited. 186 C. 275; 194 C. 35; 212 C. 661; 228 C. 42; 229 C. 716.Cited. 2 CA 523; 4 CA 641; 11 CA 518; 13 CA 725; 40 CA 449.
CT Gen Stat § 52-200a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-200a - Defendant's insurance liability policy limits and insurer's duty to indemnify subject to discovery.

 In any civil action founded upon negligence, both the defendant's insurance liability policy limits and whether or not the insurer has disclaimed its duty to indemnify shall be subject to discovery upon written motion of the plaintiff. Any such motion and disclosure shall be excluded from the file submitted to the jury.(1967, P.A. 485; P.A. 78-142.)History: P.A. 78-142 reworded provisions and made “whether or not the insurer has disclaimed its duty to indemnify” subject to discovery upon written motion of plaintiff.Cited. 212 C. 661; 229 C. 716.Statute is not unconstitutional interference by legislature with judicial department; public policy often requires legislation to facilitate administration of justice. 28 CS 32. Applies to pending cases at its enactment and is not unconstitutional infringement on judiciary rule making power. 29 CS 195.
CT Gen Stat § 52-201 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-201 - Action on nonnegotiable instruments; defense. Assignment.

 Section 52-201 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7953; 1959, P.A. 133, S. 10-102.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-203 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-203 - Demand for receipt not to vitiate a legal tender.

 The requirement or demand for a receipt for such amount of lawful money as may be offered or tendered on account, or in payment or in part payment of any indebtedness, shall not prevent such offer or tender from being regarded or held to be a legal tender.(1949 Rev., S. 7955.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-204 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-204 - Recovery of expenditures by husband or parent.

 In any civil action arising out of personal injury or property damage, as a result of which personal injury or property damage the husband or parent of the plaintiff has made or will be compelled to make expenditures or has contracted indebtedness, the amount of such expenditures or indebtedness may be recovered by the plaintiff, provided a recovery by the plaintiff shall be a bar to any claim by such husband or parent, except in an action in which the husband or parent is a defendant.(1949 Rev., S. 7947; 1951, S. 3181d.)Cited. 117 C. 686. Damages due to incapacity of wife by reason of personal injury are recoverable by her and not her husband; but right to recover sums actually paid by husband because of her incapacity is in him. 125 C. 390. In absence of endorsement on writ by husband, wife may recover expenditures if it is not reasonably probable that husband would have to pay them but probable that she will be called upon to do so. 129 C. 361. When a minor child is injured by the negligent act of a third party, two independent causes of action spring into existence; first, the right of action by the child for personal injuries; second, a right of action by the parent for consequential damages. 147 C. 333. Cited. 153 C. 363; 165 C. 490; 200 C. 290.Husband must endorse his consent upon the complaint prior to service on defendant. 4 CS 147. Transfer by parent of his right of action for consequential damages has all the attributes of an assignment. 7 CS 480. Cited. 19 CS 480. Vicarious contributory negligence or concurring negligence of parent does not bar plaintiff's recovery of consequential damages. 28 CS 493. Wife may sue for husband's medical expenses for which she is legally liable. 32 CS 156.
CT Gen Stat § 52-205 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-205 - Court may determine order in which issues shall be tried.

 In all cases, whether entered upon the docket as jury cases or court cases, the court may order that one or more of the issues joined be tried before the others.(1949 Rev., S. 7939.)Cited. 63 C. 560. When legal issues of fact should be determined by jury before court tries equitable issues. 98 C. 221. General claim for jury list does not secure jury trial of equitable issues of fact; special order necessary under Sec. 52-218. 100 C. 248. The court may determine issues on the cross complaint first. 135 C. 558. Cited. 149 C. 430.Illness of plaintiff's attorney reason to bifurcate trial. 50 CA 577.
CT Gen Stat § 52-206 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-206 - Writings; admission of their execution.

 (a) Either party to a civil action may, by a written notice, call upon the other to admit the existence and due execution of any document, material to the issue, saving all just exceptions.(b) If the opposing party neglects or refuses to make such a requested admission within a reasonable time after the receipt of such notice, the costs of proving the document shall be paid by the party neglecting or refusing to make the admission regardless of the result of the action unless the court finds that the neglect or refusal was reasonable.(1949 Rev., S. 7959; P.A. 82-160, S. 98.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators.
CT Gen Stat § 52-207 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-207 - Defense based on Sunday contract.

 No person who has received a valuable consideration for a contract, express or implied, made on a Sunday prior to June 9, 1976, may defend any action upon the contract on the ground that it was made on a Sunday, until he has restored the consideration.(1949 Rev., S. 7980; P.A. 76-415, S. 6; 76-435, S. 81, 82; P.A. 82-160, S. 99.)History: P.A. 76-415 specified applicability to contracts made on Sunday “prior to October 1, 1976”; P.A. 76-435 changed effective date from October 1, 1976, to June 9, 1976, amending section text accordingly; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.See Sec. 53-300a re validity of Sunday real estate contracts.Cited. 66 C. 275. Defendant must pay the reasonable value or agreed price, where a return of the identical consideration is practically impossible. 73 C. 624. Court should instruct jury as to whether certain date is Sunday. 81 C. 490. That contract was made on Sunday should be pleaded. 85 C. 635. In action by assignee to enforce bond for deed, defendant who received nothing as result of assignment may defend on ground it was made on Sunday. 133 C. 649. Cited. 155 C. 55; 177 C. 304.Cited. 14 CS 407. Sunday contract not demurrable if there is nothing to indicate that deposit allegedly accepted by defendant has been returned. 20 CS 443.
CT Gen Stat § 52-208 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-208 - Reception of evidence objected to as inadmissible.

 Whenever evidence offered upon the trial of any civil action is objected to as inadmissible, the court or committee trying such action shall not admit such evidence subject to the objection, unless both parties agree that it be so admitted; but, if either party requests a decision, such court or committee shall pass upon such objection and admit or reject the testimony.(1949 Rev., S. 7960.)Does not apply to evidence received in advance of its logical place. 53 C. 558. New trial ordinarily granted for an infraction of statute, unless the error appears to have been harmless. 68 C. 63. Admitting evidence with an offer to consider later a motion to strike it out is equivalent of admitting it subject to objection. 130 C. 232. Cited. 132 C. 646. To avail himself of the rule that grounds upon which evidence is claimed to be inadmissible must be stated, a party must state the grounds for his claim of admissibility. 148 C. 208.Cited. 5 CA 118.
CT Gen Stat § 52-209 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-209 - Argument of counsel; time limit.

 In a trial before the Superior Court, counsel shall not occupy more than one hour in argument, unless the court, on motion for special cause, before the commencement of the argument, allows a longer time. Interlocutory questions arising during the trial of an action shall not be argued by counsel unless the court requests it.(1949 Rev., S. 7962; 1959, P.A. 28, S. 113; P.A. 76-436, S. 404, 681; P.A. 82-160, S. 100.)History: 1959 act deleted provision for appeal from trial before justice of the peace; P.A. 76-436 removed trials before court of common pleas from purview of section, reflecting transfer of all trial jurisdiction to superior court, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Constitutional right of the accused to be heard by counsel is subject to a reasonable time limit. 47 C. 535. Party represented by two counsel in Superior Court may occupy two hours in argument, dividing the time as they may agree. 55 C. 18. Discretion of court to extend time for argument. 95 C. 79. Cited. 122 C. 611; 217 C. 671.Where presentation of evidence lasted three and one-half days and plaintiff's counsel did not move for additional time until after the argument had begun, rule of court limiting him to one hour was not an abuse of discretion. 15 CS 305.
CT Gen Stat § 52-215a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-215a - Jury of six in civil actions.

 On the trial of any civil action to a jury, the trial shall be to a jury of six.(1971, P.A. 40, S. 1.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-216b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-216b - Articulation to trier of fact of amount of damages claimed to be recoverable permitted.

 (a) In any civil action to recover damages resulting from personal injury or wrongful death, counsel for any party to the action shall be entitled to specifically articulate to the trier of fact during closing arguments, in lump sums or by mathematical formulae, the amount of past and future economic and noneconomic damages claimed to be recoverable.(b) Whenever, in a jury trial, specific monetary sums or mathematical formulae are articulated during closing arguments as provided for in subsection (a) of this section, the trial court shall instruct the jury that the sums or mathematical formulae articulated are not evidence but only arguments and that the determination of the amount of damages to be awarded, if any, is solely the jury's function.(P.A. 89-319.)Cited. 216 C. 604; 217 C. 671; 221 C. 331.Cited. 31 CA 518; 38 CA 447. Standard for admission of future economic damages is that it must be reasonably probable that plaintiff will require certain treatment in the future as a result of defendant's conduct, and in this case admitted statement was impermissible when based on possibility that plaintiff may require surgery in the future. 85 CA 383.
CT Gen Stat § 52-216c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-216c - Failure to call a witness. Jury instruction prohibited; argument by counsel permitted.

 No court in the trial of a civil action may instruct the jury that an inference unfavorable to any party's cause may be drawn from the failure of any party to call a witness at such trial. However, counsel for any party to the action shall be entitled to argue to the trier of fact during closing arguments, except where prohibited by section 52-174, that the jury should draw an adverse inference from another party's failure to call a witness who has been proven to be available to testify.(P.A. 98-50.)Legislature intended not only that there be advance notice of counsel's intent to invite jury to draw an adverse inference from a party's failure to call a witness, but also that there be an advance ruling by trial judge that counsel has provided some evidentiary basis entitling him or her to do so. 72 CA 359. Defendant was properly permitted to present in closing argument that the jury could draw an adverse inference from plaintiff's decision not to call his wife as a witness. 123 CA 555. Trial court properly cautioned defendants' counsel from making further comment on plaintiffs' decision not to call a witness to testify because counsel had not established the witness's availability or informed the court he would be making an argument that the jury should draw an adverse inference from plaintiffs' failure to produce the witness. 156 CA 453.
CT Gen Stat § 52-217 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-217 - Violation of statute by minor.

 In all actions for recovery of damages for injury to person or property, in which the plaintiff or defendant was a minor under sixteen years of age at the time such cause of action arose, it shall be a question of fact to be submitted to the judge or jury to determine whether or not such minor plaintiff or minor defendant was in the exercise of due care, when there is a violation of statutory duty by such plaintiff or defendant.(1949 Rev., S. 7948.)Cited. 146 C. 10. Minor child may be liable to her minor sister for damage caused by negligence. 147 C. 649. Cited. 148 C. 459. Boy 14 years old entitled to have jury measure his conduct by that reasonably to be expected of children of similar age, judgment and experience. 151 C. 434. Cited. 154 C. 644; 165 C. 251.Cited. 38 CS 426.
CT Gen Stat § 52-218 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-218 - Jury may try issues of fact in equitable action.

 Upon the application of either party, the court may order any issue or issues of fact in any action demanding equitable relief to be tried by a jury of six.(1949 Rev., S. 7937; 1953, S. 3179d; 1971, P.A. 40, S. 6.)History: 1971 act deleted provision specifying that application is deemed to be a request for six-person jury unless it expressly calls for full jury of twelve, making six-person jury the rule.Trial by jury in equitable action. 79 C. 260; 81 C. 451; 82 C. 293; 83 C. 109; 85 C. 159; 90 C. 624, 633; 98 C. 222; 100 C. 248. Methods and priority in trial of equitable and legal issues. Id. No constitutional right to demand that incidental issues of fact in equitable action be tried to jury. 113 C. 608. Cited. 117 C. 454. In equitable proceeding, general verdict usually will not serve purpose intended, which is to inform court as to facts upon which relief is to be granted; proper course in most instances is to submit interrogatories covering issues on which court in its discretion determines decision of jury will be appropriate and useful. 121 C. 649. Cited. 122 C. 512. But when general claim for jury trial of equitable action is granted, unless court later modifies order, better practice is to submit to jury all issues it may properly try. Id., 567. Court's discretion to submit legal issues to jury should be sparingly exercised. 124 C. 571. As where incidental damages asked in action in which fundamental purpose is injunctive relief. 127 C. 153. This section rather than Sec. 52-219 applies in foreclosure action where defendant files cross complaint for money damages based on entirely separate transactions. 130 C. 206. Action of court is a discretionary matter. 134 C. 329. Action for declaratory judgment is not one in equity. 135 C. 294. Cited. 148 C. 391; 182 C. 193; 189 C. 490; 197 C. 34; 223 C. 419; 230 C. 148.Cited. 23 CA 287; 41 CA 19.Trial of questions of fact incidental to equitable issues is discretionary with the court. 4 CS 437. Cited. 15 CS 417; 17 CS 18. Strict foreclosure, being a purely equitable action, is not triable by a jury or of right but is within discretion of court and such discretion should be exercised sparingly. 18 CS 498. Cited. 44 CS 411.
CT Gen Stat § 52-219 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-219 - Claim for damages and equitable relief; separate trials.

 Whenever an action brought to recover damages and also to obtain equitable relief has been placed upon the docket as a jury case, the determination of the equitable issues raised by the pleadings shall not prevent a jury trial of the claim for damages, unless both parties agree in writing to waive a jury, or unless the determination of the equitable issues has necessarily adjudicated all the facts upon which the claim for damages rests.(1949 Rev., S. 7938; P.A. 82-160, S. 107.)History: P.A. 82-160 made minor changes in wording.Former practice. 73 C. 486. Applied to creditor's bill; 78 C. 595; where relief is sought against person making and person receiving fraudulent assignment. 83 C. 112; 100 C. 718. Cited. 97 C. 719. Applied and explained. 100 C. 248. Defendant filing cross complaint in foreclosure action, raising some legal issues, not entitled to jury trial as of right. 130 C. 211. Cited. 134 C. 333. Where essential right asserted in cross complaint is equitable in its nature, and claim for damages is merely supplemental to equitable relief sought, plaintiff had no right to a jury trial. 135 C. 558. Cited. 223 C. 419; 227 C. 175.
CT Gen Stat § 52-220 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-220 - Hearing in damages: When to jury.

 In any action at law in which the defendant suffers a default and there is a hearing in damages, the hearing in damages shall be to a jury of six if either party to the action, within thirty days after the default has been entered, files with the clerk of the court in which the action is pending a request in writing that the hearing in damages be to a jury.(1949 Rev., S. 7956; 1953, S. 3182d; 1971, P.A. 40, S. 7; P.A. 78-379, S. 20, 27; P.A. 82-160, S. 108.)History: 1971 act amended section to specify hearing heard by six-person juries in all cases where previously six-person jury was usual but request could be made for full twelve-person jury; P.A. 78-379 amended section to render provisions inapplicable in actions where judgment is rendered for plaintiff upon a demurrer to the complaint overruled; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Not retroactive nor applicable to action pending when statute was enacted. 59 C. 365. A default, and a neglect to answer after demurrer overruled, are not the same in legal effect. 63 C. 261. Notice of intention to suffer a default is not itself a default. 64 C. 487. Cited. 73 C. 684. Justification of entry of judgment; time of filing. 78 C. 289. Liability of defendant not in issue unless notice of intent to contest liability has been given. 138 C. 29. Cited. Id., 35. Defendant who suffers a default is entitled to a hearing in damages in accordance with the statutes and rules of the court. 148 C. 435. Where one defendant defaulted, plaintiffs were not required to proceed to hearing in damages as to him but could properly wait until pleadings had been closed as to remaining defendants and court followed proper procedure in proceeding to trial of all issues raised by appearing defendants. 149 C. 458. Cited. 156 C. 6. When defendant has been defaulted for nonappearance at trial of case which was regularly assigned for trial, court may proceed forthwith to assessment of damages; such case is to be distinguished from one when defendant defaults at point other than at trial of action. 159 C. 352.Cited. 9 CA 1.No jury granted for hearing in damages resulting under Sec. 17-320. 14 CS 482.
CT Gen Stat § 52-221a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-221a - Hearing in damages: Proof of damages on defendant's failure to appear.

 In any hearing in damages at which the defendant fails to appear in person or by counsel the plaintiff shall be permitted to submit affidavits, duly sworn and acknowledged, of damages and special damages as proof of such damages.(1971, P.A. 411.)Cited. 9 CA 1.
CT Gen Stat § 52-222 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 900 - Court Practice and Procedure|Section 52-222 - Verdict by nine jurors.

 Section 52-222 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7971; 1971, P.A. 40, S. 11.)