reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 20-146.27 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.27. Enforcement of registered determination

A. A court of this Commonwealth may grant any relief normally available under the law of this Commonwealth to enforce a registered child custody determination made by a court of another state.B. A court of this Commonwealth shall recognize and enforce, but may not modify, except in accordance with Article 2 (§ 20-146.12 et seq.) of this chapter, a registered child custody determination of a court of another state.1979, c. 229, § 20-138; 2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.28 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.28. Simultaneous proceedings

If a proceeding for enforcement under this article is commenced in a court of this Commonwealth and the court determines that a proceeding to modify the determination is pending in a court of another state having jurisdiction to modify the determination under Article 2 (§ 20-146.12 et seq.) of this chapter, the enforcing court shall immediately communicate with the modifying court. The proceeding for enforcement continues unless the enforcing court, after consultation with the modifying court, stays or dismisses the proceeding.1979, c. 229, § 20-129; 2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.30 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.30. Service of petition and order

Except as otherwise provided in § 20-146.32, the petition and order shall be served, by any method authorized by the law of this Commonwealth, upon the respondent and any person who has physical custody of the child.2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.31 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.31. Hearing and order

A. Unless the court issues a temporary emergency order pursuant to § 20-146.15, upon a finding that a petitioner is entitled to immediate physical custody of the child, the court shall order that the petitioner may take immediate physical custody of the child unless the respondent establishes that:1. The child custody determination has not been registered under § 20-146.26 and that:a. The issuing court did not have jurisdiction under Article 2 (§ 20-146.12 et seq.);b. The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated, stayed, or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so under Article 2 (§ 20-146.12 et seq.); orc. The respondent was entitled to notice, but notice was not given in accordance with the standards of § 20-146.7, in the proceedings before the court that issued the order for which enforcement is sought; or2. The child custody determination for which enforcement is sought was registered under § 20-146.26, but has been vacated, stayed, or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so under Article 2 (§ 20-146.12 et seq.).B. The court shall award the fees, costs, and expenses authorized under § 20-146.33 and may grant additional relief, including a request for the assistance of law-enforcement officials, and set a further hearing to determine whether additional relief is appropriate.C. If a party called to testify refuses to answer on the ground that the testimony may be self-incriminating, the court may draw an adverse inference from the refusal.D. A privilege against disclosure of communications between spouses and a defense of immunity based on the relationship between spouses or between parent and child may not be invoked in a proceeding under this article.2001, c. 305; 2020, c. 900.
VA Code § 20-146.32 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.32. Ex parte order to take physical custody of child

A. Upon the filing of a petition seeking enforcement of a child custody determination, the petitioner may request in the petition that the court issue an ex parte order that the child be taken into immediate physical custody if the child is imminently likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from this Commonwealth. Any petition for an ex parte order shall include the statements required by subsection B of § 20-146.29.B. If the court, upon the testimony of the petitioner or other witness, finds that the child is imminently likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from this Commonwealth, it may issue an ex parte order to take immediate physical custody of the child. A petition filed to enforce a child custody determination which seeks an ex parte order shall be heard on the next judicial day after the ex parte order is issued the unless that date is impossible. In that event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible.C. An ex parte order to take physical custody of a child shall:1. Recite the facts upon which a conclusion of imminent serious physical harm or removal from the jurisdiction is based;2. Direct law-enforcement officers to take physical custody of the child immediately; and3. Provide for the placement of the child with the petitioner, suitable relative, other suitable interested individual or the local department of social services pending final relief.D. The respondent must be served with the petition and ex parte order immediately after the child is taken into physical custody.E. An ex parte order to take physical custody of a child is enforceable throughout this Commonwealth. If the court finds on the basis of the testimony of the petitioner or other witness that a less intrusive remedy is not effective, it may authorize law-enforcement officers to enter private property to take physical custody of the child. If required by exigent circumstances of the case, the court may authorize law-enforcement officers to make a forcible entry at any hour.F. The court may impose conditions upon placement of a child to ensure the appearance of the child and the child's custodian.2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.33 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.33. Costs, fees, and expenses

A. The court shall award the prevailing party, including a state, necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party, including costs, communication expenses, attorney's fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses, and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees or expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly inappropriate.B. The court may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against a state unless authorized by law other than this act.1979, c. 229, § 20-136; 2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.34 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.34. Recognition and enforcement

A court of this Commonwealth shall accord full faith and credit to an order issued by another state and consistent with this act that enforces a child custody determination by a court of another state unless the order has been vacated, stayed, or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so under Article 2 (§ 20-146.12 et seq.) of this chapter.2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.35 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.35. Appeals

An appeal may be taken from a final order in a proceeding under this article in accordance with expedited appellate procedures in other civil cases. Unless the court enters a temporary emergency order under § 20-146.15, the enforcing court may not stay an order enforcing a child custody determination pending appeal.2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.36 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.36. Application and construction

In applying and construing this act, consideration shall be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.37 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.37. Transitional provision

A motion or other request for relief made in a child custody proceeding or to enforce a child custody determination that was commenced before July 1, 2001, is governed by the law in effect at the time the motion or other request was made.2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-146.38 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 7.1 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act|§ 20-146.38. Construction of provisions; purposes of act

A. The general purposes of this act are to:1. Avoid jurisdictional competition and conflict with courts of other states in matters of child custody that have in the past resulted in the shifting of children from state to state with harmful effects on their well-being;2. Promote cooperation with the courts of other states to the end that a custody decree is rendered in that state that can best decide the case in the interest of the child;3. Ensure that litigation concerning the custody of a child take place ordinarily in the state with which the child and his family have the closest connection and where significant evidence concerning his care, protection, training, and personal relationships is most readily available, and that courts of this state decline the exercise of jurisdiction when the child and his family have a closer connection with another state;4. Discourage continuing controversies over child custody in the interest of greater stability of home environment and of secure family relationships for the child;5. Deter abductions and other unilateral removals of children undertaken to obtain custody awards;6. Avoid relitigation of custody decisions of other states in this Commonwealth insofar as feasible;7. Facilitate the enforcement of custody decrees of other states;8. Promote and expand the exchange of information and other forms of mutual assistance between the courts of this Commonwealth and those of other states concerned with the same child; and9. Make uniform the law of those states that enact it.B. This act shall be construed to promote the general purposes stated in this section.2001, c. 305.
VA Code § 20-147 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-147. Application

This chapter shall apply to any premarital agreement executed on or after July 1, 1986.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-148 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-148. Definitions

As used in this chapter:"Premarital agreement" means an agreement between prospective spouses made in contemplation of marriage and to be effective upon marriage."Property" means an interest, present or future, legal or equitable, vested or contingent, in real or personal property, including income and earnings.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-149 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-149. Formalities of premarital agreement

A premarital agreement shall be in writing and signed by both parties. Such agreement shall be enforceable without consideration and shall become effective upon marriage.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-150 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-150. Content of agreement

Parties to a premarital agreement may contract with respect to:1. The rights and obligations of each of the parties in any of the property of either or both of them whenever and wherever acquired or located;2. The right to buy, sell, use, transfer, exchange, abandon, lease, consume, expend, assign, create a security interest in, mortgage, encumber, dispose of, or otherwise manage and control property;3. The disposition of property upon separation, marital dissolution, death, or the occurrence or nonoccurrence of any other event;4. Spousal support;5. The making of a will, trust, or other arrangement to carry out the provisions of the agreement;6. The ownership rights in and disposition of the death benefit from a life insurance policy;7. The choice of law governing the construction of the agreement; and8. Any other matter, including their personal rights and obligations, not in violation of public policy or a statute imposing a criminal penalty.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-151 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-151. Enforcement; void marriage

A. A premarital agreement is not enforceable if the person against whom enforcement is sought proves that:1. That person did not execute the agreement voluntarily; or2. The agreement was unconscionable when it was executed and, before execution of the agreement, that person (i) was not provided a fair and reasonable disclosure of the property or financial obligations of the other party; and (ii) did not voluntarily and expressly waive, in writing, any right to disclosure of the property or financial obligations of the other party beyond the disclosure provided.B. Any issue of unconscionability of a premarital agreement shall be decided by the court as a matter of law. Recitations in the agreement shall create a prima facie presumption that they are factually correct.C. If a marriage is determined to be void, an agreement that would otherwise have been a premarital agreement shall be enforceable only to the extent necessary to avoid an inequitable result.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-152 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-152. Limitation of actions

Any statute of limitations applicable to an action asserting a claim for relief under a premarital agreement is tolled during the marriage of the parties to the agreement. However, equitable defenses limiting the time for enforcement, including laches and estoppel, are available to either party.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-153 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-153. Amendment or revocation of agreement

After marriage, a premarital agreement may be amended or revoked only by a written agreement signed by the parties. The amended agreement or the revocation is enforceable without consideration.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-154 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-154. Prior agreements

All written agreements entered into prior to the enactment of this chapter between prospective spouses for the purpose affecting any of the subjects specified in § 20-150 shall be valid and enforceable if otherwise valid as contracts.1985, c. 434; 1986, c. 201.
VA Code § 20-155 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 8 - Premarital Agreement Act|§ 20-155. Marital agreements

Married persons may enter into agreements with each other for the purpose of settling the rights and obligations of either or both of them, to the same extent, with the same effect, and subject to the same conditions, as provided in §§ 20-147 through 20-154 for agreements between prospective spouses, except that such marital agreements shall become effective immediately upon their execution. If the terms of such agreement are (i) contained in a court order endorsed by counsel or the parties or (ii) recorded and transcribed by a court reporter and affirmed by the parties on the record personally, the agreement is not required to be in writing and is considered to be executed. A reconciliation of the parties after the signing of a separation or property settlement agreement shall abrogate such agreement unless otherwise expressly set forth in the agreement.1987, c. 41; 1998, c. 638; 2003, cc. 662, 669.
VA Code § 20-157 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 9 - Status of Children of Assisted Conception|§ 20-157. Virginia law to control

The provisions of this chapter shall control, without exception, in any action brought in the courts of this Commonwealth to enforce or adjudicate any rights or responsibilities arising under this chapter.1991, c. 600.
VA Code § 20-159 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 9 - Status of Children of Assisted Conception|§ 20-159. Surrogacy contracts permissible

A. A surrogate, her spouse, if any, and the prospective intended parent may enter into a written agreement whereby the surrogate may relinquish all her rights and duties as parent of a child conceived through assisted conception, and the prospective intended parent may become the parent of the child as provided in subsection D or E of § 20-158.B. Surrogacy contracts may be approved by the court as provided in § 20-160. However, any surrogacy contract that has not been approved by the court shall be governed by the provisions of §§ 20-156 through 20-159 and §§ 20-162 through 20-165 including the provisions for reformation in conformance with this chapter as provided in § 20-162.1991, c. 600; 2019, c. 375.
VA Code § 20-161 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 9 - Status of Children of Assisted Conception|§ 20-161. Termination of court-approved surrogacy contract

A. Subsequent to an order entered pursuant to subsection B of § 20-160, but before the surrogate becomes pregnant through the use of assisted conception, the court for cause, or the surrogate, her spouse, if any, or the intended parent, for cause, may terminate the agreement by giving written notice of termination to all other parties and by filing notice of the termination with the court. Upon receipt of the notice, the court shall vacate the order entered under subsection B of § 20-160.B. Within 180 days after the last performance of any assisted conception, a surrogate who is also a genetic parent may terminate the agreement by filing written notice with the court. The court shall vacate the order entered pursuant to subsection B of § 20-160 upon finding, after notice to the parties to the agreement and a hearing, that the surrogate has voluntarily terminated the agreement and that she understands the effects of the termination.Unless otherwise provided in the contract as approved, the surrogate shall incur no liability to the intended parent for exercising her rights of termination pursuant to this section.1991, c. 600; 2010, c. 712; 2019, c. 375.
VA Code § 20-163 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 9 - Status of Children of Assisted Conception|§ 20-163. Miscellaneous provisions related to all surrogacy contracts

A. The surrogate shall be solely responsible for the clinical management of the pregnancy.B. After the entry of an order under subsection B of § 20-160 or upon the execution of a contract pursuant to § 20-162, the marriage of the surrogate shall not affect the validity of the order or contract, and her spouse shall not be deemed a party to the contract in the absence of his explicit written consent.C. Following the entry of an order pursuant to subsection D of § 20-160 or upon the relinquishing of the custody of and parental rights to any resulting child and the filing of the surrogate consent and report form as provided in § 20-162, the intended parent shall have the custody of, parental rights to, and full responsibilities for any child resulting from the performance of assisted conception from a surrogacy agreement regardless of the child's health, physical appearance, any mental or physical handicap, and regardless of whether the child is born alive.D. A child born to a surrogate within 300 days after assisted conception pursuant to an order under subsection B of § 20-160 or a contract under § 20-162 is presumed to result from the assisted conception. This presumption is conclusive as to all persons who fail to file an action to test its validity within two years after the birth of the child. The child and the parties to the contract shall be named as parties in any such action. The action shall be filed in the court that issued or could have issued an order under § 20-160.E. Health care providers shall not be liable for recognizing the surrogate as the mother of the resulting child before receipt of a copy of an order entered under § 20-160 or a copy of the contract, or for recognizing the intended parent as the parent of the resulting child after receipt of such order or copy of the contract.1991, c. 600; 2019, c. 375.
VA Code § 20-164 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 9 - Status of Children of Assisted Conception|§ 20-164. Relation of parent and child

A child whose status as a child is declared or negated by this chapter is the child only of his parent or parents as determined under this chapter, Title 64.2, and, when applicable, Chapter 3.1 (§ 20-49.1 et seq.) of this title for all purposes including, but not limited to, (i) intestate succession; (ii) probate law exemptions, allowances, or other protections for children in a parent's estate; and (iii) determining eligibility of the child or its descendants to share in a donative transfer from any person as an individual or as a member of a class determined by reference to the relationship. However, a child born more than ten months after the death of a parent shall not be recognized as such parent's child for the purposes of subdivisions (i), (ii) and (iii) of this section.1991, c. 600; 1994, c. 919.
VA Code § 20-165 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 9 - Status of Children of Assisted Conception|§ 20-165. Surrogate brokers prohibited; penalty; liability of surrogate brokers

A. It is unlawful for any person, firm, corporation, partnership, or other entity to accept compensation for recruiting or procuring surrogates or to accept compensation for otherwise arranging or inducing an intended parent and surrogates to enter into surrogacy contracts in this Commonwealth. A violation of this section shall be punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor.B. Any person who acts as a surrogate broker in violation of this section shall, in addition, be liable to all the parties to the purported surrogacy contract in a total amount equal to three times the amount of compensation to have been paid to the broker pursuant to the contract. One-half of the damages under this subsection shall be due the surrogate and her spouse, if any, and if such spouse is a party to the contract, and one-half shall be due the intended parent.An action under this section shall be brought within five years of the date of the contract.C. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the services of an attorney in giving legal advice or in preparing a surrogacy contract.1991, c. 600; 2010, c. 712; 2019, c. 375; 2020, c. 900.
VA Code § 20-169 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 11 - Uniform Collaborative Law Act|§ 20-169. Applicability

This chapter applies to a collaborative law participation agreement that meets the requirements of § 20-170 and is signed on or after July 1, 2021.2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 346.