reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Penal Code § 404.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 404.6.

404.6.  (a) Every person who with the intent to cause a riot does an act or engages in conduct that urges a riot, or urges others to commit acts of force or violence, or the burning or destroying of property, and at a time and place and under circumstances that produce a clear and present and immediate danger of acts of force or violence or the burning or destroying of property, is guilty of incitement to riot.(b) Incitement to riot is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.(c) Every person who incites any riot in the state prison or a county jail that results in serious bodily injury, shall be punished by either imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.(d) The existence of any fact that would bring a person under subdivision (c) shall be alleged in the complaint, information, or indictment and either admitted by the defendant in open court, or found to be true by the jury trying the issue of guilt, by the court where guilt is established by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, or by trial by the court sitting without a jury.(Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 345. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)
CA Penal Code § 405 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 405.

405.  Every person who participates in any riot is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.(Amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 139.)
CA Penal Code § 405a (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 405a.

405a.  A person who participates in the taking by means of a riot of another person from the lawful custody of a peace officer is guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three, or four years.(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 47, Sec. 1. (SB 629) Effective January 1, 2016.)
CA Penal Code § 406 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 406.

406.  Whenever two or more persons, assembled and acting together, make any attempt or advance toward the commission of an act which would be a riot if actually committed, such assembly is a rout.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 407 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 407.

407.  Whenever two or more persons assemble together to do an unlawful act, or do a lawful act in a violent, boisterous, or tumultuous manner, such assembly is an unlawful assembly.(Amended by Stats. 1969, Ch. 365.)
CA Penal Code § 408 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 408.

408.  Every person who participates in any rout or unlawful assembly is guilty of a misdemeanor.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 409 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 409.

409.  Every person remaining present at the place of any riot, rout, or unlawful assembly, after the same has been lawfully warned to disperse, except public officers and persons assisting them in attempting to disperse the same, is guilty of a misdemeanor.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 409.3 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 409.3.

409.3.  Whenever law enforcement officers and emergency medical technicians are at the scene of an accident, management of the scene of the accident shall be vested in the appropriate law enforcement agency, whose representative shall consult with representatives of other response agencies at the scene to ensure that all appropriate resources are properly utilized. However, authority for patient care management at the scene of an accident shall be determined in accordance with Section 1798.6 of the Health and Safety Code.For purposes of this section, “management of the scene of an accident” means the coordination of operations which occur at the location of an accident.(Amended by Stats. 1987, Ch. 1058, Sec. 6.)
CA Penal Code § 409.6 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 409.6.

409.6.  (a) Whenever a menace to the public health or safety is created by an avalanche, officers of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, police departments, or sheriff’s offices, any officer or employee of the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection designated a peace officer by subdivision (g) of Section 830.2, and any officer or employee of the Department of Parks and Recreation designated a peace officer by subdivision (f) of Section 830.2, may close the area where the menace exists for the duration thereof by means of ropes, markers, or guards to any and all persons not authorized by that officer to enter or remain within the closed area. If an avalanche creates an immediate menace to the public health, the local health officer may close the area where the menace exists pursuant to the conditions which are set forth above in this section.(b) Officers of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, police departments, or sheriff’s offices, or officers of the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection designated as peace officers by subdivision (g) of Section 830.2, may close the immediate area surrounding any emergency field command post or any other command post activated for the purpose of abating hazardous conditions created by an avalanche to any and all unauthorized persons pursuant to the conditions which are set forth in this section whether or not that field command post or other command post is located near the avalanche.(c) Any unauthorized person who willfully and knowingly enters an area closed pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b) and who willfully remains within that area, or any unauthorized person who willfully remains within an area closed pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b), after receiving notice to evacuate or leave from a peace officer named in subdivision (a) or (b), shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. If necessary, a peace officer named in subdivision (a) or (b) may use reasonable force to remove from the closed area any unauthorized person who willfully remains within that area after receiving notice to evacuate or leave.(d) Nothing in this section shall prevent a duly authorized representative of any news service, newspaper, or radio or television station or network from entering the areas closed pursuant to this section.(Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 305, Sec. 45. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Penal Code § 409.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 409.7.

409.7.  (a) If peace officers, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2, close the immediate area surrounding any emergency field command post or any other command post, or establish a police line, or rolling closure at a demonstration, march, protest, or rally where individuals are engaged in activity that is protected pursuant to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or Article I of the California Constitution, the following requirements shall apply:(1) A duly authorized representative of any news service, online news service, newspaper, or radio or television station or network may enter the closed areas described in this section.(2) A peace officer or other law enforcement officer shall not intentionally assault, interfere with, or obstruct the duly authorized representative of any news service, online news service, newspaper, or radio or television station or network who is gathering, receiving, or processing information for communication to the public.(3) A duly authorized representative of any news service, online news service, newspaper, or radio or television station or network that is in a closed area described in this section shall not be cited for the failure to disperse, a violation of a curfew, or a violation of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 148, for gathering, receiving, or processing information. If the duly authorized representative is detained by a peace officer or other law enforcement officer, that representative shall be permitted to contact a supervisory officer immediately for the purpose of challenging the detention, unless circumstances make it impossible to do so.(b) This section does not prevent a law enforcement officer from enforcing other applicable laws if the person is engaged in activity that is unlawful.(c) This section does not impose, and shall not be used as the basis for, criminal liability.(Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 759, Sec. 2. (SB 98) Effective January 1, 2022.)
CA Penal Code § 410 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 410.

410.  If a magistrate or officer, having notice of an unlawful or riotous assembly, mentioned in this Chapter, neglects to proceed to the place of assembly, or as near thereto as he can with safety, and to exercise the authority with which he is invested for suppressing the same and arresting the offenders, he is guilty of a misdemeanor.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Penal Code § 413 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 413.

413.  Every person wilfully present as spectator at any fight or contention prohibited in the preceding section, is guilty of a misdemeanor.An information may be laid before any of the magistrates mentioned in section eight hundred and eight of this code, that a person has taken steps toward promoting or participating in a contemplated pugilistic contest, or fight, or ring or prize fight, or sparring or boxing exhibition, prohibited under the provision of section four hundred and twelve of this code, or is about to commit an offense under said section four hundred and twelve. When said information is laid before said magistrate, he must examine, on oath, the informer, and any witness or witnesses he may produce, and must take their depositions in writing and cause them to be subscribed by the parties making them. If it appears from the deposition that there is just reason to fear the commission of the offense contemplated by the person so informed against, the magistrate must issue a warrant directed generally to the sheriff of the county, or any constable, marshal, or policeman in the state, reciting the substance of the information and commanding the officer forthwith to arrest the person informed against and bring him before the magistrate. When the person informed against is brought before the magistrate, if the charge be controverted, the magistrate must take testimony in relation thereto. The evidence must be reduced to writing and subscribed by the witnesses. If it appears there is no just reason to fear the commission of the offense alleged to have been contemplated, the person complained against must be discharged. If, however, there is just reason to fear the commission of the offense, the person complained of must be required to enter into an undertaking in such sum, not less than three thousand dollars, as the magistrate may direct, with one or more sufficient sureties, conditioned that such person will not, for a period of one year thereafter, commit any such contemplated offense.(Amended November 3, 1914, by initiative Proposition 20.)
CA Penal Code § 414 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 414.

414.  Every person who leaves this state with intent to evade any of the provisions of Section 412 or 413, and to commit any act out of this state such as is prohibited by them, and who does any act which would be punishable under these provisions if committed within this state, is punishable in the same manner as he or she would have been in case such act had been committed within this state.(Amended by Stats. 1987, Ch. 828, Sec. 27.)
CA Penal Code § 414a (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 414a.

414a.  No person, otherwise competent as a witness, is disqualified from testifying as such, concerning any offense under this act, on the ground that such testimony may incriminate himself, but no prosecution can afterwards be had against him for any offense concerning which he testified. The provisions of section 1111 of the Penal Code of this state are not applicable to any prosecutions brought under the provisions of this act.(Added November 3, 1914, by initiative Proposition 20.)
CA Penal Code § 415 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 415.

415.  Any of the following persons shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not more than 90 days, a fine of not more than four hundred dollars ($400), or both such imprisonment and fine:(1) Any person who unlawfully fights in a public place or challenges another person in a public place to fight.(2) Any person who maliciously and willfully disturbs another person by loud and unreasonable noise.(3) Any person who uses offensive words in a public place which are inherently likely to provoke an immediate violent reaction.(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 1092, Sec. 283. Effective September 27, 1983. Operative January 1, 1984, by Sec. 427 of Ch. 1092.)
CA Penal Code § 415.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 415.5.

415.5.  (a) Any person who (1) unlawfully fights within any building or upon the grounds of any school, community college, university, or state university or challenges another person within any building or upon the grounds to fight, or (2) maliciously and willfully disturbs another person within any of these buildings or upon the grounds by loud and unreasonable noise, or (3) uses offensive words within any of these buildings or upon the grounds which are inherently likely to provoke an immediate violent reaction is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding four hundred dollars ($400) or by imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not more than 90 days, or both.(b) If the defendant has been previously convicted once of a violation of this section or of any offense defined in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 626) of Title 15 of Part 1, the defendant shall be sentenced to imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than 10 days or more than six months, or by both that imprisonment and a fine of not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), and shall not be released on probation, parole, or any other basis until not less than 10 days of imprisonment has been served.(c) If the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of a violation of this section or of any offense defined in Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 626) of Title 15 of Part 1, the defendant shall be sentenced to imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than 90 days or more than six months, or by both that imprisonment and a fine of not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), and shall not be released on probation, parole, or any other basis until not less than 90 days of imprisonment has been served.(d) For the purpose of determining the penalty to be imposed pursuant to this section, the court may consider a written report from the Department of Justice containing information from its records showing prior convictions; and the communication is prima facie evidence of such convictions, if the defendant admits them, regardless of whether or not the complaint commencing the proceedings has alleged prior convictions.(e) As used in this section “state university,” “university,” “community college,” and “school” have the same meaning as these terms are given in Section 626.(f) This section shall not apply to any person who is a registered student of the school, or to any person who is engaged in any otherwise lawful employee concerted activity.(Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1113, Sec. 3.)
CA Penal Code § 416 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 416.

416.  (a) If two or more persons assemble for the purpose of disturbing the public peace, or committing any unlawful act, and do not disperse on being desired or commanded so to do by a public officer, the persons so offending are severally guilty of a misdemeanor.(b) Any person who, as a result of violating subdivision (a), personally causes damage to real or personal property, which is either publicly or privately owned, shall make restitution for the damage he or she caused, including, but not limited to, the costs of cleaning up, repairing, replacing, or restoring the property. Any restitution required to be paid pursuant to this subdivision shall be paid directly to the victim. If the court determines that the defendant is unable to pay restitution, the court shall order the defendant to perform community service, as the court deems appropriate, in lieu of the direct restitution payment.(c) This section shall not preclude the court from imposing restitution in the form of a penalty assessment pursuant to Section 1464 if the court, in its discretion, deems that additional restitution appropriate.(d) The burden of proof on the issue of whether any defendant or defendants personally caused any property damage shall rest with the prosecuting agency or claimant. In no event shall the burden of proof on this issue shift to the defendant or any of several defendants to prove that he or she was not responsible for the property damage.(Amended by Stats. 1989, Ch. 572, Sec. 1.)
CA Penal Code § 417.25 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 417.25.

417.25.  (a) Every person who, except in self-defense, aims or points a laser scope, as defined in subdivision (b), or a laser pointer, as defined in subdivision (c), at another person in a threatening manner with the specific intent to cause a reasonable person fear of bodily harm is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for up to 30 days. For purposes of this section, the laser scope need not be attached to a firearm.(b) As used in this section, “laser scope” means a portable battery-powered device capable of being attached to a firearm and capable of projecting a laser light on objects at a distance.(c) As used in this section, “laser pointer” means any hand held laser beam device or demonstration laser product that emits a single point of light amplified by the stimulated emission of radiation that is visible to the human eye.(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 621, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Penal Code § 417.26 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 417.26.

417.26.  (a) Any person who aims or points a laser scope as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 417.25, or a laser pointer, as defined in subdivision (c) of that section, at a peace officer with the specific intent to cause the officer apprehension or fear of bodily harm and who knows or reasonably should know that the person at whom he or she is aiming or pointing is a peace officer, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for a term not exceeding six months.(b) Any person who commits a second or subsequent violation of subdivision (a) shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year.(Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 438, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Penal Code § 417.27 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 417.27.

417.27.  (a) No person, corporation, firm, or business entity of any kind shall knowingly sell a laser pointer to a person 17 years of age or younger, unless he or she is accompanied and supervised by a parent, legal guardian, or any other adult 18 years of age or older.(b) No student shall possess a laser pointer on any elementary or secondary school premises unless possession of a laser pointer on the elementary or secondary school premises is for a valid instructional or other school-related purpose, including employment.(c) No person shall direct the beam from a laser pointer directly or indirectly into the eye or eyes of another person or into a moving vehicle with the intent to harass or annoy the other person or the occupants of the moving vehicle.(d) No person shall direct the beam from a laser pointer directly or indirectly into the eye or eyes of a guide dog, signal dog, service dog, or dog being used by a peace officer with the intent to harass or annoy the animal.(e) A violation of subdivision (a), (b), (c), or (d) shall be an infraction that is punished by either a fine of fifty dollars ($50) or four hours of community service, and a second or subsequent violation of any of these subdivisions shall be an infraction that is punished by either a fine of one hundred dollars ($100) or eight hours of community service.(f) As used in this section, “laser pointer” has the same meaning as set forth in subdivision (c) of Section 417.25.(g) As used in this section, “guide dog,” “signal dog,” and “service dog,” respectively, have the same meaning as set forth in subdivisions (d), (e), and (f) of Section 365.5.(Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 621, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Penal Code § 417.3 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 417.3.

417.3.  Every person who, except in self-defense, in the presence of any other person who is an occupant of a motor vehicle proceeding on a public street or highway, draws or exhibits any firearm, whether loaded or unloaded, in a threatening manner against another person in such a way as to cause a reasonable person apprehension or fear of bodily harm is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years or by imprisonment for 16 months or two or three years and a three thousand dollar ($3,000) fine.Nothing in this section shall preclude or prohibit prosecution under any other statute.(Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 348. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)
CA Penal Code § 417.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Penal Code - PEN|PART 1 - OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS|TITLE 11 - OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC PEACE|Section 417.4.

417.4.  Every person who, except in self-defense, draws or exhibits an imitation firearm, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 16700, in a threatening manner against another in such a way as to cause a reasonable person apprehension or fear of bodily harm is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for a term of not less than 30 days.(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 178, Sec. 56. (SB 1115) Effective January 1, 2011. Operative January 1, 2012, by Sec. 107 of Ch. 178.)