reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 6-5-579 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 30 - Legal Service Liability Actions.|Section 6-5-579 - Severability of Underlying Action and Available Defenses.

Section 6-5-579Severability of underlying action and available defenses. (a) If the liability to damages of a legal services provider is dependent in whole or in part upon the resolution of a underlying action, the outcome of which is either in doubt or could have been affected by the alleged breach of the legal services provider standards of care, then, in that event, the court shall upon the motion of the legal services provider, order the severance of the underlying action for separate trial. (b) In defense of the underlying action, the legal services provider may assert any and all substantive and procedural defense, restriction, limitation, or immunity which could have the effect of limiting, mitigating, reducing, or avoiding liability or damages. (Acts 1988, No. 88-262, p. 406, §10.)
AL Code § 6-5-580 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 30 - Legal Service Liability Actions.|Section 6-5-580 - Standards of Care.

Section 6-5-580Standards of care. In any action for injury or damages or wrongful death, whether in contract or in tort, against a legal service provider, the plaintiff shall have the burden of proving that the legal service provider breached the applicable standard of care. The applicable standard of care shall be as follows: (1) The applicable standard of care against the defendant legal service provider shall be such reasonable care and skill and diligence as other similarly situated legal service providers in the same general line of practice in the same general area ordinarily have and exercise in a like case. (2) However, if the defendant publishes the fact that he or she is certified as a specialist in an area of the law or if the defendant legal service provider solicits business by publicly advertising as a specialist in any area of the law, the standard of care applicable to such legal service provider in a claim for damages resulting from the practice of such a specialty shall be such reasonable care, skill, and diligence as other legal service providers practicing as specialist in the same area of the law ordinarily have and exercise in a like case. (3) Nothing in this article shall be deemed to allow either the solicitation of business by or advertising by a legal services provider in violation of any rule of the Alabama Supreme Court. (Acts 1988, No. 88-262, p. 406, §11.)
AL Code § 6-5-581 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 30 - Legal Service Liability Actions.|Section 6-5-581 - Applicability and Effect on Inconsistent Provisions of Law.

Section 6-5-581Applicability and effect on inconsistent provisions of law. This article applies to all actions against legal service providers based on acts or omissions accruing after April 12, 1988, and, as to such causes of action, shall supersede any inconsistent provision of law. (Acts 1988, No. 88-262, p. 406, §12.)
AL Code § 6-5-600 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 31 - Utility Services Actions.|Section 6-5-600 - Definitions.

Section 6-5-600Definitions. For the purposes of this article, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively ascribed to them herein, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning: (1) UTILITY. Any public or private utility, any telephone company, or telephone business, and any utility or other entity which is owned or operated by a municipality, electric power board, gas board, utilities board, county improvement authority, power district, or other governmental entity which is engaged in providing electricity, natural gas, water, sewer, garbage, telecommunication, or satellite services, or any combination thereof for sale to consumers. (2) UTILITY SERVICES. The products, commodities, and services provided by a utility to its customers. (Acts 1988, No. 88-542, p. 840, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-601 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 31 - Utility Services Actions.|Section 6-5-601 - Right of Action for Diversion or Unauthorized Use of Utility Services.

Section 6-5-601Right of action for diversion or unauthorized use of utility services. Any person who knowingly: (1) Connects any tube, pipe, wire, or other instrument with any meter, device, or other instrument used for conducting utility services in such a manner as to permit the use of said utility services without the same passing through a meter or other instrument recording the usage for billing; (2) Alters, injures, turns on, or prevents the action of a meter, valve, stopcock, or other instrument used for measuring quantities of utility services; (3) Breaks, defaces, or causes to be broken or defaced any seal, locking device, or other parts that make up a metering device for recording usage of utility services or a security system for said recording device; (4) Removes a metering device for measuring quantities of utility services; (5) Transfers from one location to another a metering device for measuring usage of utility services; (6) Uses a metering device belonging to the utility that has not been assigned to said location and installed by the utility; (7) Adjusts the indicated consumption, jams the measuring device, bypasses the meter or measuring device with a jumper so that it does not indicate use or registers incorrectly or otherwise obtains quantities of utility services from the utility without same passing through a metering device for measuring quantities of consumption for billing; (8) Fabricates or uses a device to pick or otherwise tamper with the locks used to deter current diversion, meter tampering, and meter thefts; (9) Otherwise takes any action resulting in the diversion or unauthorized use of utility services; shall be liable civilly for damages resulting from such violations. (Acts 1988, No. 88-542, p. 840, §2.)
AL Code § 6-5-602 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 31 - Utility Services Actions.|Section 6-5-602 - Damages.

Section 6-5-602Damages. The damages shall be three times the estimated loss of revenue, plus the cost of the repair or replacement of equipment necessitated by violation of this article and all other costs and expenses, including a reasonable attorney's fee, incurred by the utility resulting from a violation of this article and incurred in collecting the damages provided for by this article. (Acts 1988, No. 88-542, p. 840, §2.)
AL Code § 6-5-603 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 31 - Utility Services Actions.|Section 6-5-603 - Effect of Criminal Conviction.

Section 6-5-603Effect of criminal conviction. Conviction under Section 13A-8-10, as amended or under any other criminal statute punishing theft of utility services or tampering with utility meters or facilities or diversion of utility services shall conclusively establish the liability of the person convicted for the damages provided under this article. (Acts 1988, No. 88-542, p. 840, §2.)
AL Code § 6-5-604 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 31 - Utility Services Actions.|Section 6-5-604 - Determination of Estimated Lost Revenue.

Section 6-5-604Determination of estimated lost revenue. In determining estimated lost revenue for the purposes of this article, if data is not available from which the lost revenue can be computed the court shall estimate such loss based on usage at the premises involved, or at comparable other premises, during a similar time period prior to or coincident with the period during which utility services were unlawfully made available. (Acts 1988, No. 88-542, p. 840, §2.)
AL Code § 6-5-605 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 31 - Utility Services Actions.|Section 6-5-605 - Application of Terms "Utilities" and "Public Utility".

Section 6-5-605Application of terms "utilities" and "public utility". For purposes of this article and for purposes of Sections 40-8-1 and 40-21-50 as amended, the terms "utilities" and "public utility," as applied to telecommunications, "telephone company," and "telephone business" mean the provisioning of local exchange services. (Acts 1988, No. 88-542, p. 840, §3; Acts 1989, No. 89-525, p. 1074, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-620 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 32 - Action for Disparagement of Food Product or Commodity.|Section 6-5-620 - Statement of Legislative Intent.

Section 6-5-620Statement of legislative intent. The Legislature hereby finds, determines, and declares that the production of agricultural and aquacultural food products and commodities constitute an important and significant portion of the state economy and that it is imperative to protect the vitality of the agricultural and aquacultural economy for the citizens of this state by providing a cause of action for producers to recover damages for the disparagement of any perishable product or commodity. (Acts 1993, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 93-892, p. 175, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-621 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 32 - Action for Disparagement of Food Product or Commodity.|Section 6-5-621 - Definitions.

Section 6-5-621Definitions. As used in this article, the following terms have the following meanings: (1) DISPARAGEMENT. The dissemination to the public in any manner of false information that a perishable food product or commodity is not safe for human consumption. The information shall be deemed to be false if it is not based upon reasonable and reliable scientific inquiry, facts, or data. (2) PERISHABLE FOOD PRODUCT OR COMMODITY. Any agricultural or aquacultural food product which is sold or distributed in a form that will perish or decay beyond marketability within a short period of time. (Acts 1993, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 93-892, p. 175, §2.)
AL Code § 6-5-622 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 32 - Action for Disparagement of Food Product or Commodity.|Section 6-5-622 - Damages.

Section 6-5-622Damages. Any person who produces, markets, or sells a perishable food product or commodity, and suffers damage as a result of another person's disparagement of perishable food products or commodities has a cause of action for damages and for any other relief a court of competent jurisdiction deems appropriate, including but not limited to, compensatory and punitive damages. (Acts 1993, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 93-892, p. 175, §3.)
AL Code § 6-5-623 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 32 - Action for Disparagement of Food Product or Commodity.|Section 6-5-623 - Defenses.

Section 6-5-623Defenses. It is no defense under this article that the actor did not intend, or was unaware of, the act charged. (Acts 1993, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 93-892, p. 175, §4.)
AL Code § 6-5-624 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 32 - Action for Disparagement of Food Product or Commodity.|Section 6-5-624 - Limitation on Time for Commencement of Action.

Section 6-5-624Limitation on time for commencement of action. Any civil action for damages for disparagement of perishable agricultural or aquacultural food products or commodities shall be commenced within one year after the cause of action accrues. (Acts 1993, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 93-892, p. 175, §5.)
AL Code § 6-5-625 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 32 - Action for Disparagement of Food Product or Commodity.|Section 6-5-625 - Construction With Other Criminal Laws.

Section 6-5-625Construction with other criminal laws. This article shall be construed in pari materia with all laws relating to fraud, criminal mischief, criminal tampering with property, interruption of or impairing commerce and trade, unlawful trade practices, and property damage. (Acts 1993, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 93-892, p. 175, §6.)
AL Code § 6-5-640 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 33 - Class Actions.|Section 6-5-640 - Scope and Effect on Other Laws or Rules.

Section 6-5-640Scope and effect on other laws or rules.  This article shall apply to and govern all civil class actions brought in the state courts of Alabama pursuant to Alabama Rule of Civil Procedure 23. The provisions of this article, where inconsistent with any Alabama Rule of Civil Procedure, including, but not limited to, Ala. R. Civ. P. 23, shall supersede such rules or parts of rules. (Act 99-250, p. 329, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-642 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 33 - Class Actions.|Section 6-5-642 - Appeal of Certification Order.

Section 6-5-642Appeal of certification order.  A court's order certifying a class or refusing to certify a class action shall be appealable in the same manner as a final order to the appellate court which would otherwise have jurisdiction over the appeal from a final order in the action. Such appeal may only be filed within 42 days of the order certifying or refusing to certify the class. The filing of such appeal, the failure to file an appeal, or the affirmance of the certification or denial order shall in no way affect the right of any party, after the entry of final judgement, to appeal the earlier certification of, or refusal to certify, the class. If the appeal is not the first appeal taken by the party, the subsequent appeal shall be based upon the record at the time of final judgment and shall be considered by the court only to the extent that either the facts or controlling law relevant to certification have changed from that which existed or controlled at the time of the earlier certification or refusal to certify. During the pendency of any such appeal, the action in the trial court shall be stayed in all respects. Following adjudication on appeal (or, if the initial appeal is to an intermediate appellate court, adjudication of the action on any writ of certiorari granted by the Supreme Court of Alabama), if the class is not to be certified, the stay in the trial court shall automatically dissolve and the trial court may proceed to adjudicate any remaining individual claims or defenses. If, after such appeal or procedure on writ of certiorari, the class is to be certified, the stay shall likewise dissolve and the trial court shall proceed with adjudication on the merits, except that the trial court shall at all times prior to entry of a final order retain jurisdiction to revisit the certification issues upon motion of a party and to order decertification of the class if during the litigation of the case it shall become evident to the court that the action is no longer reasonably maintainable as a class action pursuant to the factors enumerated in Ala.R.Civ.P. 23(b). (Act 99-250, p. 329, §3.)
AL Code § 6-5-660 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 34 - Volunteer Medical Professional Act.|Section 6-5-660 - Short Title

Section 6-5-660Short title This article shall be called the "Volunteer Medical Professional Act." (Act 2000-680, p. 1383, §2.)
AL Code § 6-5-661 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 34 - Volunteer Medical Professional Act.|Section 6-5-661 - Legislative Findings.

Section 6-5-661Legislative findings. The Legislature finds that the willingness of medical professionals to volunteer their services has been increasingly deterred by a perception that they put personal assets at risk in the event of tort actions seeking damages arising from their activities as volunteers. The Legislature further finds that volunteer medical professionals and free medical clinics make a valuable contribution to the health and welfare of the people of the state and that it is in the state's best interest to encourage medical professionals to volunteer their services for the good of their communities, while at the same time providing a reasonable basis for redress of claims which may arise relating to those activities. (Act 2000-680, p. 1383, §3.)
AL Code § 6-5-662 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 34 - Volunteer Medical Professional Act.|Section 6-5-662 - Definitions.

Section 6-5-662Definitions. For purposes of this article, the following words shall have the following meanings: (1) ESTABLISHED FREE MEDICAL CLINIC. An organized community-based program providing medical care, without charge to individuals unable to pay for it, and which is limited to care that does not require the services of a licensed hospital or ambulatory surgical center, and care that does not include the use of general anesthesia or require an overnight stay in a health care facility. (2) MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL. A person licensed by the Alabama Medical Licensure Commission established under Section 34-24-310, or licensed to practice the treatment of human ailments in any other state or territory of the United States; or a person licensed by the Alabama Board of Nursing established under Section 34-21-2; or a person licensed by the Board of Chiropractic Examiners established under Section 34-24-140; or a person licensed by the Alabama Board of Optometry established under Section 34-22-20; or a person licensed by the Board of Dental Examiners established under Sections 34-9-1 to 34-9-65, inclusive. Medical professional shall not include medical students, interns, or residents while they are completing training necessary for a medical license or certification as a specialist in a particular medical field. (Act 2000-680, p. 1383, §4.)
AL Code § 6-5-663 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 34 - Volunteer Medical Professional Act.|Section 6-5-663 - Liability of Volunteer Medical Professionals.

Section 6-5-663Liability of volunteer medical professionals.  (a) A medical professional who, in good faith, provides, without fee or compensation, medical treatment, diagnosis, advice, or nursing services as a part of the services of an established free medical clinic, shall not be liable for civil damages as a result of his or her acts or omissions in providing the medical treatment, diagnosis, advice, or nursing services, unless the act or omission was the result of the licensed healthcare provider's willful or wanton misconduct. (b) Subsection (a) does not apply to a particular case unless the free medical clinic has posted in a conspicuous place on its premises an explanation of the immunity from civil liability provided by this article. (c) The immunity from civil liability provided under subsection (a) also applies to medical professionals who provide, without fee or compensation, further medical treatment, diagnosis, advice, or nursing services to a patient upon referral from an established free medical clinic. (d) Acceptance by a free medical clinic of a contribution made by a person receiving services at the clinic shall not constitute a waiver of immunity as provided in this article. (e) In any suit against a free medical clinic for civil damages based upon the negligent act or omission of a volunteer medical professional, proof of such act or omission shall not be sufficient to establish the responsibility of the clinic under the doctrine of "respondeat superior," notwithstanding the immunity granted to the volunteer medical professional with respect to any act or omission included under subsection (a), unless such act or omission is found to be willful or wanton. (Act 2000-680, p. 1383, §5.)
AL Code § 6-5-680 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 35 - Asbestos-Related Claims.|Section 6-5-680 - Definitions.

Section 6-5-680Definitions. For the purposes of this article, the following words shall have the following meanings: (1) ASBESTOS CLAIM. Any claim, wherever or whenever made, for damages, losses, indemnification, contribution, or other relief arising out of, based on, or in any way related to asbestos, including: a. The health effects of exposure to asbestos, including any claim for: 1. Personal injury or death. 2. Mental or emotional injury. 3. Risk of disease or other injury. 4. The costs of medical monitoring or surveillance, to the extent these claims are recognized under state law. b. Any claim made by or on behalf of a person exposed to asbestos, or a representative, spouse, parent, child, or other relative of the person. c. Any claim for damage or loss caused by the installation, presence, or removal of asbestos. (2) CORPORATION. A corporation for profit, including a domestic corporation organized under the laws of this state, or a foreign corporation organized under laws other than the laws of this state. (3) SUCCESSOR. A corporation that assumes or incurs, or has assumed or incurred, successor asbestos-related liabilities. (4) SUCCESSOR ASBESTOS-RELATED LIABILITIES. Any liabilities, whether known or unknown, asserted or unasserted, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, liquidated or unliquidated, or due or to become due, which are related in any way to asbestos claims and were assumed or incurred by a corporation as a result of or in connection with a merger or consolidation, or the plan of merger or consolidation related to the merger or consolidation, with or into another corporation, or which are related in any way to asbestos claims based on the exercise of control or the ownership of stock of the corporation before the merger or consolidation. The term includes liabilities that, after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined under Section 6-5-682 were or are paid or otherwise discharged, or committed to be paid or otherwise discharged, by or on behalf of the corporation, or by a successor of the corporation, or by or on behalf of a transferor, in connection with settlements, judgments, or other discharges in this state or another jurisdiction. (5) TRANSFEROR. A corporation from which successor asbestos-related liabilities are or were assumed or incurred. (Act 2011-545, p. 1001, §1.)
AL Code § 6-5-681 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 35 - Asbestos-Related Claims.|Section 6-5-681 - Applicability of Limitations.

Section 6-5-681Applicability of limitations. (a) The limitations in Section 6-5-682 apply to a corporation that is a successor and became a successor before January 1, 1972, or is any of that successor corporation's successors. (b) The limitations in Section 6-5-682 do not apply to: (1) Workers' compensation benefits paid by or on behalf of an employer to an employee under the laws of this state or a comparable workers' compensation law of another jurisdiction. (2) Any claim against a corporation that does not constitute a successor asbestos-related liability. (3) An insurer, as defined in Section 27-1-2. (4) Any obligations under the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, or under any collective bargaining agreement. (5) A successor that, after a merger or consolidation, continued in the business of mining asbestos; in the business of selling or distributing asbestos fibers; or in the business of manufacturing, distributing, removing, or installing asbestos-containing products that were the same or substantially the same as those products previously manufactured, distributed, removed, or installed by the transferor. (Act 2011-545, p. 1001, §2.)