reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
21 V.S.A. § 416
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 416. Powers of the Commissioner

§ 416. Powers of the Commissioner|(a) The Commissioner may adopt rules as necessary, pursuant to 3 V.S.A. chapter 25, to carry out this subchapter. The rules shall include provisions that allow the parties access to administrative hearings for any actions of the Department under this subchapter.(b) In any investigation or proceeding under this subchapter, the Commissioner has, in addition to all other powers granted by law, the authority to subpoena and examine information of an employer necessary to determine whether a violation of this subchapter has occurred, including to determine the validity of any defense.(c) Information obtained through administration of this subchapter by the Commissioner and the Secretary of Commerce and Community Development shall be confidential, except that the number of layoffs, the types of jobs affected, and work locations affected shall cease to be confidential after local government and the affected employees have been notified. The Department may provide the information collected pursuant to subsection 413(c) of this subchapter to the U.S. Department of Labor and any other governmental entities for the purposes of securing benefits for the affected employees.(d) Neither the Commissioner nor any court shall have the authority to enjoin a business closing, relocation, or mass layoff under this subchapter. (Added 2013, No. 125 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. Jan. 15, 2015.)
21 V.S.A. § 417
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 417. Administrative penalty

§ 417. Administrative penalty|An employer who fails to give notice as required by subsection 413(b) or 414(b) of this subchapter shall be subject to an administrative penalty of $500.00 for each day that the employer was deficient in the notice to the Department. The Commissioner may waive the administrative penalty if the employer:  (1) demonstrates good cause under subsection 414(b) of this subchapter; (2) pays to all affected employees the amounts for which the employer is liable under section 415 of this title within 30 days from the date the employer enacts the business closing or mass layoff; and (3) pays to all affected employees any unpaid wage and compensation owed to any laid-off worker, as required under this title. (Added 2013, No. 125 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. Jan. 15, 2015.)
21 V.S.A. § 418
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 418. Other rights

§ 418. Other rights|The rights and remedies provided to employees by this subchapter do not infringe upon or alter any other contractual or statutory rights and remedies of the employees. Nothing in this subchapter is intended to alter or diminish or replace any federal or State regulatory mandates for a shutdown or closure of a regulated business or entity. (Added 2013, No. 125 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. Jan. 15, 2015; amended 2017, No. 74, § 34.)
21 V.S.A. § 430
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 430. Policy; definitions; rules

§ 430. Policy; definitions; rules|(a) It is the policy of Vermont that children shall be protected from employment in harmful and dangerous occupations. Toward this end, Vermont law should reflect federal protections regarding the employment of children, but should continue to provide additional protection for children in Vermont where particular circumstances warrant greater protection for children.(b) For the purposes of this subchapter:  (1) "Child" or "children" means an individual under the age of 18 years. (2) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Labor or designee. (3) "Employee" means any individual suffered or permitted to work by an employer. (4) "Illegal child employment" means the employment of any child under the age of 18 in any work or occupation specifically prohibited by State or federal law. "Illegal child employment" does not include work performed by students as part of an educational program, provided this subchapter or federal law specifically permits this work.   (c) The Commissioner shall adopt rules to carry out the purpose and intent of this subchapter, provided the rules are consistent with federal child labor laws and rules. However, the Commissioner shall not be required to adopt or modify rules in order to conform with a change in federal child labor laws or regulations which weakens or eliminates an existing child labor protection policy. (Added 2001, No. 68, § 1; amended 2005, No. 103 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 5, 2006.)
21 V.S.A. § 431
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 431. Age limit; certificate as to eligibility of child under 16

§ 431. Age limit; certificate as to eligibility of child under 16|Except as provided in this subchapter, a child under 16 years of age shall not be employed in any gainful occupation unless the child deposits with the employer a certificate from the Commissioner that states that the child is eligible for employment in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter. However, this requirement shall not apply to any child employed during vacations or before or after sessions of school when the employment is not otherwise prohibited by this subchapter. (Amended 1999, No. 69 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; 2001, No. 68, § 2.)
21 V.S.A. § 432
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 432. Restrictions

§ 432. Restrictions|(a) The Commissioner shall not issue a certificate for a child under 16 pursuant to section 431 of this title until the Commissioner has received, examined, approved, and filed the following papers:  (1) The school record of the child properly filled out and signed by the person in charge of the school which the child last attended, giving the child's age, address, standing in studies, rating in conduct, and attendance in days during the school year of the last full year of attendance. (2) Evidence of the age of the child as follows:  (A) The birth certificate of the child, or a copy certified by the town clerk in a town where the certificate is a part of the public records. (B) If the certificate or certified copy cannot be procured, a duly attested transcript of the certificate of birth or baptism or other religious record, shall be conclusive evidence of the age of the child. (C) In case no documentary proof of age is available, the Commissioner may accept an affidavit from the parent, guardian, or custodian of the child to establish the age of the child.  (3) A certificate from a physician resident in and licensed to practice in this State showing that after a thorough examination the child is found to be physically fit to be employed in the proposed occupation. When a certificate is requested for the employment of a child under 16 as an actor or performer in motion pictures, theatrical productions, radio, or television, this provision may be waived at the discretion of the Commissioner. (4) Before a certificate approving the employment of a child as an actor or performer in motion pictures, theatrical productions, radio, or television is issued by the Commissioner, the Secretary of Education must approve the substance and conditions of the educational program being provided to the child during this employment which in no case shall be more than 90 days during the school year.   (b) The Commissioner shall refuse a certificate to a child under 16 years of age unless the child has completed the elementary school course, or received an equivalent education, or has been excused from further school attendance under the provisions of 16 V.S.A. § 1123. (Amended 1987, No. 4, § 1, eff. March 10, 1987; 2001, No. 68, § 3; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 262, eff. Feb. 14, 2014.)
21 V.S.A. § 434
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 434. Employment of children under 16

§ 434. Employment of children under 16|A child under 16 years of age shall not be employed more than eight hours in any day, or more than six days in any week, or earlier than seven o'clock in the morning, or after seven o'clock at night, except from June 1 through Labor Day when a child may be permitted to work until nine o'clock at night. A child under 16 years of age shall not be employed more than three hours on any day that school is in session, and not more than a total of 18 hours during any week that school is in session. However, in the case of a child employed as an actor or performer in motion pictures, theatrical productions, radio, or television, or employed as a baseball bat girl or bat boy, the child may be employed until midnight or after midnight if a parent or guardian and the Commissioner of Labor have consented in writing. The Department shall adopt rules regarding the permissible duties of a baseball bat girl or bat boy. The provisions of this section shall not apply to employment as a newspaper carrier or work connected with agriculture or domestic service. (Added 1987, No. 4, § 2, eff. March 10, 1987; amended 1987, No. 144 (Adj. Sess.), eff. April 13, 1988; 1999, No. 69 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 2001, No. 68, § 4; 2005, No. 103 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 5, 2006.)
21 V.S.A. § 435
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 435. Examination and report

§ 435. Examination and report|When so ordered by the Secretary of Education, the superintendent of schools for the school district where the child under 16 years of age resides shall examine the child for the purpose of determining the child's eligibility for employment in accordance with the provisions of section 432 of this title and shall, upon the completion of the examination, make a written report to the Secretary of Education who shall transmit a copy of the report to the Commissioner. (Amended 2001, No. 68, § 5; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 263, eff. Feb. 14, 2014; 2017, No. 74, § 35.)
21 V.S.A. § 436
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 436. Employment of children under 14 years

§ 436. Employment of children under 14 years|A child under 14 years of age shall not be employed or permitted to work in any gainful occupation unless the occupation has been approved by the Commissioner, by rule, to be appropriate for a child under the age of 14, and the employment occurs during vacation and before and after school. The provisions of this section shall not apply to:  (1) Employment by a parent or a person standing in place of a parent employing his or her own child or a child in his or her custody in an occupation other than manufacturing, mining, or an occupation found by the U.S. Secretary of Labor to be particularly hazardous or detrimental to their health or well-being. (2) A newspaper carrier. (3) An actor or performer in motion pictures, theatrical productions, radio, and television. (Amended 1987, No. 4, § 3, eff. March 10, 1987; 2001, No. 68, § 6; 2013, No. 96 (Adj. Sess.), § 127.)
21 V.S.A. § 437
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 437. Employment of children; special restrictions; hours for children under 16 years

§ 437. Employment of children; special restrictions; hours for children under 16 years|(a) Except as provided in section 438 of this title, a child shall not be employed or permitted to work at or on any occupations, employment, operations, or machines determined to be hazardous, by rule, by the U.S. Secretary of Labor or the Commissioner.(b) A child under 16 years of age shall not be employed more than eight hours in any one day or more than 40 hours in any one week. (Amended 2001, No. 68, § 7; 2013, No. 96 (Adj. Sess.), § 128.)
21 V.S.A. § 438
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 438. Exceptions

§ 438. Exceptions|A child over 14 years of age, who is enrolled in a career technical education program or course duly approved by the State Board of Education, may be legally employed in any of the occupations or operations named in section 437 of this title or other occupations or operations that may be in the estimation of the State Board of Education a necessary or essential part of the student's career technical education, provided that the plant, work places, machinery, and other appliances and equipment used for instruction have been inspected for safe conditions and approved by the Commissioner. (Amended 1991, No. 204 (Adj. Sess.), § 9; 2001, No. 68, § 8; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 302, eff. Feb. 14, 2014.)
21 V.S.A. § 442
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 442. Posting notices of hours of labor

§ 442. Posting notices of hours of labor|An employer shall post in a conspicuous place in the place in which a child is employed a printed notice describing permitted and prohibited operations, occupations, and machines at which a child may be employed, stating the number of hours' work permitted on each day of the week, the hours of commencing and stopping work, and the hours when the time allowed for meals begins and ends. The printed forms of this notice shall be provided by the Commissioner. (Amended 2001, No. 68, § 10.)
21 V.S.A. § 444a
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 444a. Employment of aliens

§ 444a. Employment of aliens|(a) For the purposes of this section:  (1) "Alien" means any person not a citizen of the United States. (2) "Employer" means any person, including any partnership, firm, corporation, or association, or any agent thereof, who engages or utilizes the personal services of one or more individuals for a salary or wage. (3) "Illegal alien" means any person not a citizen of the United States who has entered the United States in violation of the Federal Immigration and Naturalization Act or regulations issued thereunder, who has legally entered but without the right to be employed in the country, or who has legally entered subject to a time limit but has remained illegally after expiration of such time limit.   (b) No employer or agent for an employer shall knowingly recruit, solicit, or refer for employment, or employ, an illegal alien.(c) No employer shall knowingly employ any alien unless the employer determines that the alien possesses the required certificate under the Federal Immigration and Naturalization Act or regulations issued thereunder, or has authorization from the immigration services.(d) A person convicted of violating this section shall be fined not less than $100.00 or more than $300.00 for conviction of a first offense. For any subsequent offense, a person convicted of violating this section shall be fined not less than $300.00, nor more than $750.00. (Added 1977, No. 99.)
21 V.S.A. § 446
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 446. Duties of Commissioner as to employment of children

§ 446. Duties of Commissioner as to employment of children|The Commissioner may inquire of the owner or superintendent of any place or establishment as to the employment of children, may request to see the certificate filed with the owner or superintendent, and shall ensure that the provisions of this subchapter have been complied with. (Amended 2001, No. 68, § 11.)
21 V.S.A. § 448
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 448. Duty of person having control of child

§ 448. Duty of person having control of child|A person having control of a child shall not allow the child to be employed contrary to a provision of this subchapter. (Amended 2001, No. 68, § 12.)
21 V.S.A. § 449
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 449. General penalty

§ 449. General penalty|A person who violates a provision of this subchapter for which another penalty is not provided shall be fined not more than $5,000.00 for each offense and, upon a subsequent conviction, may be fined or imprisoned for not more than six months, or both. (Amended 1981, No. 223 (Adj. Sess.), § 23; 2001, No. 68, § 13.)
21 V.S.A. § 451
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 451. Complaints

§ 451. Complaints|Truant officers and all informing officers are authorized to make complaints for violations or offenses arising under this subchapter. A complaint for a violation of section 448 of this title shall be sufficient if it states that the person having control of a child has allowed such child to be employed contrary to law.
21 V.S.A. § 452
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 452. Suspension of subchapter

§ 452. Suspension of subchapter|The Commissioner, with the approval of the Governor, may suspend part or all of the provisions of this subchapter for a period not to exceed two months in any one year in the case of a manufacturing establishment or business, the materials and products of which are perishable and require immediate labor to prevent decay or damage. (Amended 2001, No. 68, § 14.)
21 V.S.A. § 453
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 453. Sale of goods made in violation of subchapter

§ 453. Sale of goods made in violation of subchapter|No person, partnership, corporation, or association shall knowingly sell, offer, or expose for sale, take orders for the future delivery of, or possess with intent to sell any article, product, or compound in the production, manufacture, or distribution of which children have been employed in violation of the provisions of this subchapter, or in a manner or under conditions that would be in violation of these provisions if the employment had occurred in this State. Any complaint alleging a violation of this section shall be filed with the Commissioner, who shall investigate, and if the Commissioner determines there is sufficient evidence to substantiate the allegations, shall transmit the complaint to the Attorney General or to the State's Attorney of the county in which the violation is alleged to have occurred. A person who violates a provision of this section shall be fined not more than $10,000.00. (Amended 2001, No. 68, § 15.)
21 V.S.A. § 470
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 470. Purpose

§ 470. Purpose|(a) Strong families are the foundation for a productive and competitive state. There are a growing number of single-parent families where the sole parent works and two-parent families where both parents work. Most people who work while raising families do so out of economic necessity.(b) Leave from employment for the birth or adoption of a child or to care for a seriously ill family member addresses one of the important needs of changing family structures. The support of families is a principle recognized and valued by the State of Vermont. When employees have security about their employment and the well-being of their children, parents, and other family members, businesses benefit economically from increased worker productivity and stability.(c) The provisions of this subchapter are enacted in recognition of the fact that both employers and employees benefit from the establishment of parental and family leave as a condition of employment. (Added 1991, No. 260 (Adj. Sess.), § 2.)
21 V.S.A. § 471
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 471. Definitions

§ 471. Definitions|As used in this subchapter:  (1) "Employer" means an individual, organization, or governmental body, partnership, association, corporation, legal representative, trustee, receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, and any common carrier by rail, motor, water, air, or express company doing business in or operating within this State which for the purposes of parental leave employs 10 or more individuals who are employed for an average of at least 30 hours per week during a year and for the purposes of family leave employs 15 or more individuals for an average of at least 30 hours per week during a year. (2) "Employee" means a person who, in consideration of direct or indirect gain or profit, has been continuously employed by the same employer for a period of one year for an average of at least 30 hours per week. (3) "Family leave" means a leave of absence from employment by an employee who works for an employer which employs 15 or more individuals who are employed for an average of at least 30 hours per week during the year for one of the following reasons:  (A) the serious illness of the employee; or (B) the serious illness of the employee's child, stepchild or ward who lives with the employee, foster child, parent, spouse, or parent of the employee's spouse.  (4) "Parental leave" means a leave of absence from employment by an employee who works for an employer which employs 10 or more individuals who are employed for an average of at least 30 hours per week during the year for one of the following reasons:  (A) the birth of the employee's child; or (B) the initial placement of a child 16 years of age or younger with the employee for the purpose of adoption.  (5) "Serious illness" means an accident, disease, or physical or mental condition that:  (A) poses imminent danger of death; (B) requires inpatient care in a hospital; or (C) requires continuing in-home care under the direction of a physician. (Added 1989, No. 83, § 1; amended 1989, No. 150 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1991, No. 260 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
21 V.S.A. § 472a
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 21 - Labor|Chapter 5 - Employment Practices|§ 472a. Short-term family leave

§ 472a. Short-term family leave|(a) In addition to the leave provided in section 472 of this title, an employee shall be entitled to take unpaid leave not to exceed four hours in any 30-day period and not to exceed 24 hours in any 12-month period. An employer may require that leave be taken in a minimum of two-hour segments and may be taken for any of the following purposes:  (1) To participate in preschool or school activities directly related to the academic educational advancement of the employee's child, stepchild, foster child, or ward who lives with the employee, such as a parent-teacher conference. (2) To attend or to accompany the employee's child, stepchild, foster child, or ward who lives with the employee or the employee's parent, spouse, or parent-in-law to routine medical or dental appointments. (3) To accompany the employee's parent, spouse, or parent-in-law to other appointments for professional services related to their care and well-being. (4) To respond to a medical emergency involving the employee's child, stepchild, foster child, or ward who lives with the employee or the employee's parent, spouse, or parent-in-law.   (b) An employee shall make a reasonable attempt to schedule appointments for which leave may be taken under this section outside of regular work hours. In order to take leave under this section, an employee shall provide the employer with the earliest possible notice, but in no case later than seven days, before leave is to be taken except in the case of an emergency. In this subsection, "emergency" means circumstances where the required seven day notice could have a significant adverse impact on the family member of the employee.(c) At the employee's discretion, the employee may use accrued paid leave, including vacation and personal leave. (Added 1997, No. 41, § 2.)