reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 45a-18. (Formerly Sec. 45-5) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-18. (Formerly Sec. 45-5) - Election of judges. Term of office. Clerks. Judges first elected or with break in service on or after January 5, 2011, to be members of state bar.

 (a) There shall be a court of probate in each probate district held by one judge elected by the electors residing in such district at the state election in 1974, and every four years thereafter.(b) Each judge of probate shall hold office for four years beginning on the Wednesday after the first Monday in January next following his or her election.(c) Each judge of probate, before entering upon his or her duties as a judge of probate, shall be sworn and shall record his or her certificate of election upon the records of his or her court of probate.(d) Each judge of probate shall appoint a clerk and may appoint one or more assistant clerks, each of whom shall be sworn to a faithful performance of such clerk's duties and shall, when required, give whatever bond the judge deems necessary. Each such clerk shall continue in office until such clerk resigns, is removed or is superseded.(e) Each judge of probate elected for a term that begins on or after January 5, 2011, shall be a member of the bar of the state of Connecticut, except that the requirements of this subsection shall not apply to any judge of probate who was in office on January 4, 2011, for the period such judge of probate continues to serve as a judge of probate on and after January 5, 2011, without a break in service.(1949 Rev., S. 6811; 1953, S. 2895d; P.A. 80-476, S. 8; P.A. 09-114, S. 15.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and reworded provisions but made no substantive change; Sec. 45-5 transferred to Sec. 45a-18 in 1991; P.A. 09-114 added Subsec. (e) re judges elected on or after January 5, 2011, to be member of bar, except for judges in office on January 4, 2011, who continue without a break in service, and made technical changes.Annotations to former section 45-5:In the earliest period of our government, powers of a judge of probate were vested in the “particular court”; in May, 1666, they were transferred to the several county courts, and in October, 1698, to the respective judge with two justices of the quorum; in May, 1716, courts of probate were required to be holden by one judge, with a clerk in each county; the first probate districts less than a county were formed in October, 1719; clerk retains his office until he resigns, is removed, or superseded. 26 C. 425. Disbarment of judge as attorney does not disqualify him. 88 C. 447.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-19. (Formerly Sec. 45-6) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-19. (Formerly Sec. 45-6) - Electoral status of judges.

 Each judge of probate shall be an elector of a town within the district in which he is elected to serve. If for any reason he ceases to be an elector of a town within such district, he shall thereupon cease to hold office in such district, and such office shall be deemed vacant.(1949 Rev., S. 6815; 1953, S. 2897d; P.A. 80-476, S. 9.)History: P.A. 80-476 made minor wording changes; Sec. 45-6 transferred to Sec. 45a-19 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-20. (Formerly Sec. 45-4k) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-20. (Formerly Sec. 45-4k) - Payment of three-judge court.

 When a three-judge court is appointed by the Probate Court Administrator, the administrator may pay from the fund authorized under section 45a-82 a per diem rate not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars for each judge that has been cited in, other than the judge in whose district the matter is being heard, provided such payment under this section, when combined with the compensation that the judge receives as a judge of probate of the district to which the judge was elected, does not exceed the compensation provided for a judge of probate under subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of section 45a-95a. Such payment shall be made in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Probate Court Administrator.(P.A. 82-187; P.A. 98-219, S. 2; P.A. 10-41, S. 2.)History: Sec. 45-4k transferred to Sec. 45a-20 in 1991; P.A. 98-219 increased per diem rate from $100 to $250; P.A. 10-41 added requirement that payment, when combined with compensation as judge of probate in district where elected, shall not exceed compensation for a judge of probate under Sec. 45a-95a(a)(4), deleted requirement that payment be included as income under Sec. 45a-92 and made a technical change, effective January 5, 2011.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-21. (Formerly Sec. 45-4c) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-21. (Formerly Sec. 45-4c) - Court employees to serve at pleasure of judge.

 Probate Court employees shall not be deemed state employees and shall serve at the pleasure of the judge of the court of probate in which they are employed.(1967, P.A. 558, S. 7; 1969, P.A. 308.)History: 1969 act deleted provision whereby probate court administrator “from time to time” prescribed a compensation plan for all positions in probate court other than judges; Sec. 45-4c transferred to Sec. 45a-21 in 1991.Annotation to former section 45-4c:Cited. 157 C. 160.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-22. (Formerly Sec. 45-8) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-22. (Formerly Sec. 45-8) - Disqualification of judge and of corporation of which he is director or officer.

 When there is so near a relationship between any deceased person or any legatee, devisee, heir, spouse or creditor of such deceased person, and a judge of probate, as between husband and wife, parent and child, brothers and sisters, by nature or marriage, or when any such judge is interested in any matter brought to or pending in his court, he or she shall be disqualified to act as judge in relation to the estate of such deceased person or in hearing such matter; and he or she may decline to act as such judge in any matter if in his or her opinion it would be improper for him or her so to act. No judge of probate shall appoint as a fiduciary any corporation of which he or she is a director or salaried officer unless such corporation has been nominated as such fiduciary by a testator or trustor.(1949 Rev., S. 6816; 1957, P.A. 371; 1967, P.A. 558, S. 14; 1971, P.A. 78, S. 3; P.A. 74-67; P.A. 87-260, S. 4.)History: 1967 act added as ground for disqualification of judge “when the powers and duties of any such judge have been suspended in relation to any matter by the chief court administrator ...” and made disqualification absolute rather than contingent upon objection made by “anyone interested”; 1971 act deleted as ground for disqualification “when any such judge or his partner or associate has been retained as attorney or counsel in any matter”; P.A. 74-67 substituted “spouse” for “wife” and added feminine personal pronouns as necessary; P.A. 87-260 deleted provision requiring disqualification of a judge who has had his powers and duties suspended in relation to any matter by the chief court administrator as provided in Sec. 45-11a to reflect repeal of said Sec. 45-11a; Sec. 45-8 transferred to Sec. 45a-22 in 1991.See Sec. 51-39 re judges' disqualification by relationship or interest.Annotations to former section 45-8:Uncle of husband of devisee, etc., not disqualified. 17 C. 545. Judge who is an inhabitant of a town which is a creditor is disqualified. 19 C. 585. Type of interest which will disqualify judge. 26 C. 7. Judge previously retained or consulted not disqualified. Id., 577. Judge who is also selectman disqualified to act on application for appointment of conservator. 28 C 268. Cited. 134 C. 606; 215 C. 553.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-23. (Formerly Sec. 45-8a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-23. (Formerly Sec. 45-8a) - Use of office or confidential information for financial gain prohibited.

 No judge of probate shall use his public office or any confidential information received through his holding public office to obtain financial gain for himself, his spouse, child, child's spouse, parent, brother or sister, grandchild or a business with which he is or was associated. The provisions of this section shall not prohibit the employment of a relative by a judge of probate except as an employee as defined in subdivision (3) of section 45a-34.(P.A. 84-435, S. 2, 6; P.A. 86-402, S. 8, 13.)History: P.A. 84-435 effective July 1, 1985; P.A. 86-402 applied provisions to judges' grandchildren and to businesses with which they were associated in the past; Sec. 45-8a transferred to Sec. 45a-23 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-25. (Formerly Sec. 45-11b) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-25. (Formerly Sec. 45-11b) - Probate judge not to appear as attorney in contested matter in probate court.

 (a) A judge of probate shall not appear as attorney in any contested matter in any court of probate.(b) For the purposes of subsection (a) of this section, a matter before a court of probate is a contested matter when any party to such matter informs the court, orally or in writing, of any objection or opposition in such matter, without regard to the apparent merit or lack of merit of such objection or opposition.(1971, P.A. 78, S. 2; P.A. 80-476, S. 12; P.A. 04-142, S. 1.)History: P.A. 80-476 reworded provision but made no substantive change; Sec. 45-11b transferred to Sec. 45a-25 in 1991; P.A. 04-142 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re when matter before court is a contested matter.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-26. (Formerly Sec. 45-11c) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-26. (Formerly Sec. 45-11c) - Partner or associate of probate judge not to practice law in judge's court.

 A partner or associate of a judge of probate shall not engage in the practice of law in the court of probate in which such judge holds office. For the purposes of this section, any person who acts in a fiduciary capacity with respect to his spouse, child, parent, grandparent, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, niece or nephew shall not be construed to be engaged in the practice of law.(1971, P.A. 78, S. 1; P.A. 73-487; P.A. 80-476, S. 13.)History: P.A. 73-487 specified that persons acting as fiduciaries for relatives shall not be construed as practicing law; P.A. 80-476 reworded provisions but made no substantive change; Sec. 45-11c transferred to Sec. 45a-26 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-27 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-27 - Training program required for judges. Curriculum established by Probate Court Administrator.

 (a) Each person who is elected to a first term as a judge of probate after October 1, 1993, shall complete the training program established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.(b) The Probate Court Administrator shall establish, supervise and fund a program of training for newly-elected probate judges that shall include: (1) A course to be taken between the date of election and the date of assuming office concerning the rules of judicial conduct for a judge of probate, the ethical considerations arising in that office, the operation of a probate court, and the availability of assistance for a judge in the operation of a probate court; and (2) courses to be taken within six months after the date of assuming office that provide fundamental training in (A) civil procedure, including constitutional issues, due process, and evidentiary considerations, (B) property law, including conveyancing and title considerations, (C) the law of wills and trusts, and (D) family law in the context of the probate courts.(c) The curriculum for the courses required by subsection (b) of this section shall be established by the Probate Court Administrator and shall be designed to establish a minimum level of proficiency by judges of probate. The courses shall be given by qualified instructors approved by the Probate Court Administrator. The Probate Court Administrator may waive completion of a course required by subdivision (2) of subsection (b) on demonstration by a probate judge of proficiency in the subject matter. The Probate Court Administrator may, for good cause, allow a probate judge to satisfy a requirement of subsection (b) of this section by auditing, at the office of the Probate Court Administrator or at such other place as the Probate Court Administrator may designate, instructional tapes approved by the Probate Court Administrator. The Probate Court Administrator shall adopt appropriate time requirements for training of a probate judge elected in a special election and may modify other requirements of this section as circumstances may require.(P.A. 93-279, S. 15.)
CT Gen Stat § 45a-27a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-27a - Failure to complete training within required time. Request for extension. Referral to Council on Probate Judicial Conduct for failure to maintain professional competence.

 (a) If a probate judge is unable to complete training required pursuant to section 45a-27 within the time required, such judge may request an extension of time for completion of training from the continuing education committee of the Probate Assembly. The committee may, for cause shown, grant the requested extension of time.(b) If a probate judge fails to complete training within the time required, or within any extension of time granted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the Probate Court Administrator may refer the judge to the Council on Probate Judicial Conduct for failure to maintain professional competence as a judge of probate by failing to complete the training program pursuant to section 45a-27.(P.A. 93-279, S. 16.)
CT Gen Stat § 45a-35. (Formerly Sec. 45-29b) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-35. (Formerly Sec. 45-29b) - Probate Judges and Employees Retirement Fund.

 The Connecticut Probate Judges and Employees Retirement Fund is established, and shall consist of amounts transferred from the fund as provided by section 45a-82 and contributions under sections 45a-44 and 45a-45.(1967, P.A. 558, S. 27.)History: Sec. 45-29b transferred to Sec. 45a-35 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-36a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-36a - Retirement credit for judge in office on or after October 1, 1997, whose probate district is merged on or before January 5, 2011, and who is not reelected.

 Any judge of probate in office on or after October 1, 1997, whose probate district is merged with another district on or before January 5, 2011, and who has not been elected to a term which begins at the time of, or subsequent to, such merger, (1) may elect to receive four years of credited service, as defined in subdivision (2) of section 45a-34, (2) may elect to receive a reduction of his or her retirement age of not more than four years pursuant to subsection (a) of section 45a-36, or (3) may elect any combination of credited service and reduction of retirement age under subdivisions (1) and (2) of this section, provided such combination shall not exceed four years in total. A judge of probate may elect to receive credited service or a reduction of retirement age in accordance with this section at any time once the judge becomes eligible to retire and receive retirement benefits.(P.A. 97-87, S. 1; P.A. 98-219, S. 3; P.A. 09-114, S. 9.)History: P.A. 98-219 deleted phrase “after such consolidation” and inserted “to a term which begins at the time of, or subsequent to, such consolidation”; P.A. 09-114 inserted “on or before January 5, 2011” re district merger, provided that judge may elect to receive credited service or reduction of retirement age at any time once judge is eligible to retire and receive benefits, and made technical changes.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-37. (Formerly Sec. 45-29d) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-37. (Formerly Sec. 45-29d) - Retirement date.

 (a) Any employee of a court of probate shall be retired on the first day of any month after he has become eligible for retirement, on the recommendation of the judge of the probate court by which he is employed.(b) Any employee who has attained the age of seventy years shall be retired on the first day of the month following the attainment of that age, except that any employee, at his request and with the approval of the judge of the probate court, may be retained in the employ of the probate court without further assessment for pension benefits under section 45a-44; provided such person shall receive no pension payments during the period in which he is so retained and his credited service shall not be increased by such employment beyond the age of seventy.(1967, P.A. 558, S. 29; P.A. 80-476, S. 39.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and revised wording slightly; Sec. 45-29d transferred to Sec. 45a-37 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-38. (Formerly Sec. 45-29e) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-38. (Formerly Sec. 45-29e) - Retirement of employee after ten years of service.

 (a) If any employee of a court of probate is separated on or after January 1, 1972, from the service of the court by which he is employed, and after completing at least ten years of credited service but before reaching the normal retirement age, he shall be entitled to a retirement allowance on the first day of the month after reaching the normal retirement age.(b) At the option of the employee, the retirement allowance may commence on the first day of any month after the date of the separation described in subsection (a) of this section and shall be payable in an amount determined by the Retirement Commission to be the actuarial equivalent of the retirement allowance that would have been payable except for the election of such option, except that for any such employee separated on or after October 1, 1994, who has attained the age of sixty, the reduction of the allowance which would have been payable shall be one quarter of one per cent for each month the employee's retirement precedes the attainment of age sixty-two. Any such employee who was separated from the service of the court before July 1, 1979, with at least ten but less than twenty years of credited service may elect a retirement allowance retroactive to January 1, 1979, or the first day of the month after such separation, whichever is later.(1967, P.A. 558, S. 30; 1972, P.A. 244, S. 4; P.A. 79-454, S. 2, 12; P.A. 80-476, S. 40; P.A. 86-242, S. 5; P.A. 94-98, S. 3.)History: 1972 act changed applicable date from January 1, 1968, to January 1, 1972, and required completion of 20 rather than 30 years of continuous service; P.A. 79-454 reduced requirement to 10 years, substituted “credited” for “continuous service” and added provision re employees with more than 10, but less than the previously required 20, years of service; P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and rephrased provisions; P.A. 86-242 amended Subsec. (b) by substituting “any” for “the” before “month”; Sec. 45-29e transferred to Sec. 45a-38 in 1991; P.A. 94-98 amended Subsec. (b) by providing that for employee separated on or after October 1, 1994, who has attained the age of 60, the reduction allowance which would have been payable shall be 0.25% for each month the employee's retirement precedes the attainment of age 62.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-39. (Formerly Sec. 45-29f) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 801 - Probate Court: Administrative Provisions|Section 45a-39. (Formerly Sec. 45-29f) - Retirement of judge after ten years of service.

 If any judge of probate is separated after January 1, 1972, from the service of his court after having completed ten years of credited service as judge of probate, he may elect to take a retirement allowance to commence on the first day of any month following the date of separation. The allowance shall be payable in an amount determined by the Retirement Commission to be the actuarial equivalent of the retirement allowance that would have been payable except for the election of such option, except that for any such judge separated on or after October 1, 1986, who has attained the age of sixty, the reduction of the allowance which would have been payable shall be one-quarter of one per cent for each month his retirement precedes his attainment of age sixty-two. Any such judge of probate, who was separated from the service of his court before July 1, 1979, with at least ten years but less than twelve years of credited service may elect a retirement allowance retroactive to January 1, 1979, or the first day of the month after such separation, whichever is later.(1967, P.A. 558, S. 31; 1972, P.A. 244, S. 5; P.A, 79-454, S. 3, 12; P.A. 80-476, S. 41; P.A. 86-242, S. 6.)History: 1972 act changed applicable date from January 1, 1968, to January 1, 1972, and service requirement from 16 to 12 years; P.A. 79-454 reduced required years of service to 10 and added provision re judges with more than 10 but less than the previously required 12 years of service; P.A. 80-476 rephrased provisions but made no substantive change; P.A. 86-242 added exception that for any judge separated on or after October 1, 1986, who is 60, the reduction of allowance which would have been payable shall be 0.25% for each month his retirement precedes 62; Sec. 45-29f transferred to Sec. 45a-39 in 1991.