reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 43-51-13 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 43 - Professions and Businesses|Chapter 51 - Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators and Laboratory Analysts|§ 43-51-13. Application by Director for Injunctive Relief Authorized; Judgment

  Whenever, in the judgment of the director, any person has engaged in, is currently engaged in, or is about to engage in any act or practice which constitutes or will constitute an unlawful action under this chapter, he may make application to the superior court of the county in which the unlawful act or practice has been or is about to be engaged in for an order enjoining such act or practice or for an order requiring compliance with this chapter; and, upon a showing by the director that such person has engaged in or is about to engage in any such act or practice, a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order shall be granted without the necessity of showing lack of an adequate remedy at law.   The director may file in the superior court of the county wherein the person under order resided, or, if said person is a corporation, in the county wherein the corporation maintains its principal place of business or in the county wherein the violation occurred, a certified copy of a final order issued pursuant to subsection (d) of Code Section 43-51-14 and unappealed from or a final order issued pursuant to subsection (d) of Code Section 43-51-14 affirmed upon appeal; whereupon the court shall render judgment in accordance therewith and notify the parties. Such judgment shall have the same effect and all proceedings in relation thereto shall thereafter be the same as though the judgment has been rendered in an action duly heard and determined by the court.    (Ga. L. 1980, p. 304, §§ 14, 15; Ga. L. 1994, p. 97, § 43.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 46 Am. Jur. 2d, Judgments, §§ 51, 52.   C.J.S.   - 43A C.J.S., Injunctions, § 308. 49 C.J.S., Judgments, §§ 77, 78.
GA Code § 43-51-14 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 43 - Professions and Businesses|Chapter 51 - Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators and Laboratory Analysts|§ 43-51-14. Penalty

  It shall be unlawful for any person to perform the duties of an operator or laboratory analyst without being duly certified under this chapter.   It shall be unlawful for any water or wastewater treatment plant to be operated in Georgia by a person or persons not certified under this chapter.     Any person violating this chapter shall be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $500.00 for each day during which such violation continues.   Any person willfully violating this chapter shall be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $5,000.00 for each day during which such violation continues.     Whenever the director has reason to believe that any person has violated any provision of this chapter, he may, upon written request, cause a hearing to be conducted before a hearing officer appointed by the Board of Natural Resources. Upon a finding that such person has violated any provision of this chapter, such hearing officer shall issue his initial decision and order imposing such civil penalties as are provided in this Code section. Such hearing and any administrative or judicial review thereof shall be conducted in accordance with subsection (c) of Code Section 12-2-2.    (Ga. L. 1969, p. 272, § 13; Ga. L. 1975, p. 1074, § 5; Ga. L. 1980, p. 304, § 13.)
GA Code § 44-1-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-1. "Property" Defined

 As used in this title, the term "property" means:    Realty and personalty which is actually owned;   The right of ownership of realty or personalty; and   That which is subject to being owned or enjoyed.    (Code 1933, § 85-101.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Publicity, Liberty and Intellectual Property: A Conceptual and Economic Analysis of the Inheritability Issue," see 34 Emory L.J. 1 (1985). For article surveying real property law in 1984-1985, see 37 Mercer L. Rev. 343 (1985).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Salary of armed forces member is not "property" which is constructively present in every state in the Union for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 659(a). Williamson v. Williamson, 247 Ga. 260, 275 S.E.2d 42, cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1097, 102 S. Ct. 669, 70 L. Ed. 2d 638 (1981).   Section applied to bondsman in guardianship proceeding.    - There was no reason why the broad concept of property in former Code 1933, § 85-101 (see O.C.G.A. § 44-1-1) should not apply in construing the obligation of a bondsman in a guardianship proceeding under former Code 1933, § 49-225. Clark v. Great Am. Ins. Co., 387 F.2d 710 (5th Cir. 1967), cert. denied, 393 U.S. 825, 89 S. Ct. 86, 21 L. Ed. 2d 95 (1968).   Vested remainder is interest in property which may be levied upon.    - Vested remainder interest in land is such an interest in property as may be levied upon under an execution, although the life estate is not terminated, and since the greater includes the less, a levy upon a described tract or parcel of land is a levy upon the whole interest therein, including all vested remainder interests where such remainder interests exist. Cox v. Hargrove, 205 Ga. 12, 52 S.E.2d 312 (1949).   Extreme restriction on use can negate estate for years.    - Certain restrictions imposed upon use of the premises under a lease can be so pervasive as to be fundamentally inconsistent with the concept of an estate for years. Allright Parking of Ga., Inc. v. Joint City-County Bd. of Tax Assessors, 244 Ga. 378, 260 S.E.2d 315 (1979).    Cited in Mason v. Young, 203 Ga. 121, 45 S.E.2d 643 (1947); Trust Co. v. S. & W. Cafeteria, 97 Ga. App. 268, 103 S.E.2d 63 (1958); Moore v. Lindsey, 662 F.2d 354 (5th Cir. 1981).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63A Am. Jur. 2d, Property, § 1 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 73 C.J.S., Property, §§ 1, 3.   ALR.    - "Property" as including business or profession, 34 A.L.R. 716.    Oil, gas, or other mineral rights in land, apart from ownership of soil, as subject as real estate to lien of judgment against the owner of the mineral interest, 52 A.L.R. 135.    Validity and effect of transfer of expectancy by prospective heir, 121 A.L.R. 450.   Master and servant: regular payment of bonus to employee, without express contract to do so, as raising implication of contract for bonus, 66 A.L.R.3d 1075.   Pension or retirement benefits as subject to award or division by court in settlement of property rights between spouses, 94 A.L.R.3d 176.
GA Code § 44-1-7 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-7. Possession of Personalty

 Personalty is deemed to be in the possession of a party when that party's right to the property is accompanied by immediate actual or constructive possession.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2218; Code 1868, § 2212; Code 1873, § 2238; Code 1882, § 2238; Civil Code 1895, § 3071; Civil Code 1910, § 3647; Code 1933, § 85-1702.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 4 Am. Jur. 2d, Animals, § 13. 63A Am. Jur. 2d, Property, § 28 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 73 C.J.S., Property, § 49 et seq.   ALR.    - Larceny by finder of property, 36 A.L.R. 372.   Construction of statute or ordinance making it an offense to possess or have alcoholic beverages in opened package in motor vehicle, 35 A.L.R.3d 1418.
GA Code § 44-1-9 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-9. Ownership of Deposit and Offspring by Wild Animals on Land

 Anything deposited on realty by wild animals, birds, and fish except wildlife as defined by Code Section 27-1-2 shall belong to the owner of the realty. Honey deposited in a tree by bees shall belong to the owner of the tree even if the bees were hived by another person. The eggs and young of birds and the offspring of other animals and fish for as long as they remain unable to leave the land shall belong to the owner of the land.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2221; Code 1868, § 2215; Code 1873, § 2241; Code 1882, § 2241; Civil Code 1895, § 3074; Civil Code 1910, § 3650; Code 1933, § 85-1704; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 44.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Landowner's permission needed to cut down tree containing wild bees and honey.   - One could not go upon the land of any person and cut a tree containing wild bees and honey and take the bees and honey without first having the permission and consent of the owner of the land upon which the tree is situated. 1950-51 Op. Att'y Gen. p. 318.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63A Am. Jur. 2d, Property, § 27.   C.J.S.   - 3B C.J.S., Animals, § 8, 10.   ALR.    - Law of bees, 39 A.L.R. 352.   Liability for injury or damage caused by bees, 86 A.L.R.3d 829.
GA Code § 44-1-10 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-10. Ownership of Offspring of Domestic or Owned Animals

 The offspring of all animals follows the ownership of the mother and belongs to the owner of the mother at the time of birth.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2222; Code 1868, § 2216; Code 1873, § 2242; Code 1882, § 2242; Civil Code 1895, § 3075; Civil Code 1910, § 3651; Code 1933, § 85-1705.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL    Former Code 1933, §§ 85-1703 and 85-1705 (see O.C.G.A. §§ 44-1-8 and44-1-10) did not conflict with state's exercise of control over and ownership of animals ferae naturae, but merely set out the method by which individuals could gain property rights in such animals when allowed to do so by the laws of the state. 1973 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 73-35.   Ownership of game and wild animals.   - When an individual has complied with the laws and rules and regulations of the state in hunting or capturing a game or wild animal, the individual obtains a property right in the animal good against any other person. When an animal ferae naturae is captured or reduced to possession in violation of the applicable laws and rules and regulations, however, no property right vests in the person capturing or killing such animal. 1973 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 73-35.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 63A Am. Jur. 2d, Property, § 26.   C.J.S.   - 3B C.J.S., Animals, § 6.
GA Code § 44-1-11 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-11. Application and Construction of Provisions Relating to Estates

  Unless otherwise expressly provided, the provisions of this title relating to estates of either real or personal property shall be applicable to both.   The rules of construction applicable to estates of personalty shall be the same as those applicable to estates of realty.    (Orig. Code 1863, § 2225; Code 1868, § 2219; Code 1873, § 2245; Code 1882, § 2245; Civil Code 1895, § 3080; Civil Code 1910, § 3656; Code 1933, § 85-104.)   Cross references.   - Estates generally, Ch. 6, T. 44.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 28 Am. Jur. 2d, Estates, § 1 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 31 C.J.S., Estates, § 4. 73 C.J.S., Property, §§ 39 et seq., 47.   ALR.    - Validity and effect of transfer of expectancy by prospective heir, 121 A.L.R. 450.    Right of survivor of parties to bank account in their joint names as affected by provision excluding his right of withdrawal during the lifetime of the other party, 155 A.L.R. 1084.   Proceeds or derivation of real property held by entirety as themselves held by entirety, 22 A.L.R.4th 459.
GA Code § 44-1-15 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-15. Removal or Destruction of Survey Monuments Prohibited; Exceptions; Penalties

  As used in this Code section, the term:   "Geodetic control monuments" means those survey monuments which are established by federal, state, local, and private agencies, the position of which monuments on the earth's surface has been fixed by high-order surveying and computation for use by surveyors and engineers in the extension of geodetic position to property corners, improvements to property, utility systems, streets and highways, and such other objects and things as may be located by surveying. Such monuments may be in the form of metal disks set in concrete, rock, metal, or some other fixed permanent object, the position thereof having been published by the agency which established the monument and made available to the public as well as to land surveyors and engineers for public use.   "Property corner monuments" means those survey monuments which are established to identify property corners, the location and description of which are made a part of any plat or any instrument pertaining to real property filed in the office of the clerk of the superior court of any county of this state. Said survey monuments may be any permanent or semipermanent objects or any live or dead plant material, including, but not limited to, iron or steel pipes, bars, or rods; concrete markers, including highway right of way markers; stone or rock, whether natural or erected; trees, stumps, stakes, and marks, including those marks made on trees, stones, rocks, concrete, or metal; and such other monuments as may be described in said plats and instruments of record.     It shall be unlawful for any person willfully and knowingly to remove, destroy, injure, or displace any geodetic control monument or property corner monument except under the authority of the agency which originally set the monument or, in the case of a property corner monument, under the authority of a registered land surveyor or duly elected or appointed county surveyor having the written permission of all landowners who are parties to said property corner monument. In the case of a geodetic control monument, the record of any authorized change shall be published; and, in the case of a property corner monument, the record of any authorized change shall be filed for record in the office of the clerk of the superior court of the county in which the monument is located.   Any person who violates this Code section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than $100.00 nor more than $500.00 and may also be punished by imprisonment for not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days.    (Ga. L. 1978, p. 1614, §§ 1-3; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 44.)   Cross references.   - Recording maps and plats of real estate, § 15-6-67 et seq.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 12 Am. Jur. 2d, Boundaries, §§ 4, 5.   C.J.S.   - 11 C.J.S., Boundaries, § 17.   ALR.    - Conveyance with reference to tree, or similar monument, as giving title to center thereof, 2 A.L.R. 1428, 61 A.L.R.5th 739.
GA Code § 44-1-16 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-16. Failure to Disclose in Real Estate Transaction That Property Was Occupied by Diseased Person or Was Site of Death; Failure to Disclose Information Required to Be Provided or Maintained in Accordance With Code Section 44-9-44.1

    No cause of action shall arise against an owner of real property, a real estate broker, or any affiliated licensee of the broker for the failure to disclose in any real estate transaction the fact or suspicion that such property:   Is or was occupied by a person who was infected with a virus or any other disease which has been determined by medical evidence as being highly unlikely to be transmitted through the occupancy of a dwelling place presently or previously occupied by such an infected person; or   Was the site of a homicide or other felony or a suicide or a death by accidental or natural causes;  provided, however, an owner, real estate broker, or affiliated licensee of the broker shall, except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, answer truthfully to the best of that person's individual knowledge any question concerning the provisions of subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph.      An owner, real estate broker, or affiliated licensee of the broker shall not be required to answer any question if answering such question or providing such information is prohibited by or constitutes a violation of any federal or state law or rule or regulation, expressly including without limitation the federal Fair Housing Act as now or hereafter amended or the state's fair housing law as set forth in Code Sections 8-3-200 through 8-3-223.     No cause of action shall arise against an owner of real property, real estate broker, or affiliated licensee of the broker for the failure to disclose in any real estate transaction any information or fact which is provided or maintained or is required to be provided or maintained in accordance with Code Section 42-9-44.1. No cause of action shall arise against any real estate broker or affiliated licensee of the broker for revealing information in accordance with this Code section. Violations of this Code section shall not create liability under this Code section against any party absent a finding of fraud on the part of such party.     (Code 1981, §44-1-16, enacted by Ga. L. 1989, p. 1633, § 1; Ga. L. 1998, p. 1050, § 1; Ga. L. 2001, p. 1155, § 1.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1998, at the end of paragraph (a)(2), "Code Section" was deleted preceding "8-3-223" and "Code Sections" was substituted for "Code Section" preceding "8-3-200".   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1983, p. 471, effective March 15, 1983, repealed former § 44-1-16 (based on Ga. L. 1971, p. 624, §§ 2, 3), which pertained to information required to appear on posters for outdoor use.   Code Section 42-9-44.1, referred to in subsection (b), was repealed by Ga. L. 2006, p. 379, § 28, effective July 1, 2006.   Law reviews.   - For note on the 2001 amendment to O.C.G.A. § 44-1-16, see 18 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 260 (2001).
GA Code § 44-1-18 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 44-1-18. Execution Search Prior to Conveyance of Property; Certificate of Clearance Required; Requirements for Requests; Binding Effect; Timing of Information Release; Failure to Comply; Retention; Criminal Penalties; Exceptions; Requirements for Certificate; Regulatory Authority

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 2018, p. 1, § 6/HB 661, effective February 20, 2018.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Code 1981, § 44-1-18, enacted by Ga. L. 2017, p. 723, § 12/HB 337.   Ga. L. 2018, p. 1112, § 54(e)/SB 365, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, effective May 8, 2018, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: "In the event of an irreconcilable conflict between a provision in Sections 1 through 53 of this Act and a provision of another Act enacted at the 2010 regular session of the General Assembly, the provision of such other Act shall control over the conflicting provision in Sections 1 through 53 of this Act to the extent of the conflict." Accordingly, the amendments to subsection (a) of this Code section by Ga. L. 2018, p. 1112, § 44(1)/SB 365, were not given effect.
GA Code § 44-8-9 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 8 - Water Rights|§ 44-8-9. Construction of Levees and Ditches; Diversion of Watercourses

 All persons owning lands on any watercourses are authorized to ditch and embank their lands in order to protect the lands from freshets and overflows in the watercourses, provided that the ditching and embanking does not divert the watercourse from its ordinary channel; but nothing in this Code section shall be so construed as to prevent the owners of lands from diverting nonnavigable watercourses through their own lands.   (Laws 1793, Cobb's 1851 Digest, p. 26; Ga. L. 1855-56, p. 12, §§ 1, 2; Code 1863, § 2211; Code 1868, § 2206; Code 1873, § 2232; Code 1882, § 2232; Civil Code 1895, § 3062; Civil Code 1910, § 3638; Code 1933, § 85-1310.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 50 Am. Jur. 2d, Levees and Flood Control, § 13 et seq. 78 Am. Jur. 2d, Waters, §§ 11, 26, 85, 220.   C.J.S.   - 93 C.J.S., Waters, §§ 18 et seq., 43 et seq., 297 et seq.   ALR.    - Right to hasten by improvement of street or highway the flow of surface water along natural drainways, 5 A.L.R. 1530; 36 A.L.R. 1463.    Right of owner of upland to make a use, not connected with navigation, of the shore between high and low water mark, which excludes the general public, 10 A.L.R. 1053; 107 A.L.R. 1347.    Liability of one who diverts stream into new channel for overflow, 12 A.L.R. 187.    Right to compensation for damages to land left outside of levee, 20 A.L.R. 302.    Right of riparian owner to embank against flood or overflow water from stream, 22 A.L.R. 956; 53 A.L.R. 1180; 23 A.L.R.2d 750.    Right to drain surface water into natural watercourse, 28 A.L.R. 1262.    What constitutes natural drainway or watercourse for flow of surface water, 81 A.L.R. 262.   Right of riparian owner to continuation of periodic and seasonal overflows from stream, 20 A.L.R.2d 656.   Right of riparian owner to construct dikes, embankments, or other structures necessary to maintain or restore bank of stream or to prevent flood, 23 A.L.R.2d 750.   Modern status of rules governing interference with drainage of surface waters, 93 A.L.R.3d 1193.
GA Code § 44-15-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 15 - Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds|§ 44-15-1. Short Title

 This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act."    (Code 1981, §44-15-1, enacted by Ga. L. 2008, p. 149, § 1/HB 972.)   Law reviews.   - For survey article on wills, trusts, guardianships, and fiduciary administration, see 60 Mercer L. Rev. 417 (2008).
GA Code § 44-15-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 44 - Property|Chapter 15 - Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds|§ 44-15-2. Definitions

 As used in this chapter, the term:    "Charitable purpose" means the relief of poverty, the advancement of education or religion, the promotion of health, the promotion of a governmental purpose, or any other purpose the achievement of which is beneficial to the community.   "Endowment fund" means an institutional fund, or any part thereof, that, under the terms of a gift instrument, is not wholly expendable by the institution on a current basis. The term shall not include assets that an institution designates as an endowment fund for its own use.   "Gift instrument" means a record or records, including an institutional solicitation, under which property is granted to, transferred to, or held by an institution as an institutional fund.   "Institution" means:   A person, other than an individual, organized and operated exclusively for charitable purposes;   A government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, to the extent that it holds funds exclusively for a charitable purpose; and   A trust that had both charitable and noncharitable interests, after all noncharitable interests have terminated.     "Institutional fund" means a fund held by an institution exclusively for charitable purposes. The term shall not include:   Program related assets;   A fund held for an institution by a trustee that is not an institution; or   A fund in which a beneficiary who is not an institution has an interest, other than an interest that could arise upon violation or failure of the purposes of the fund.     "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.   "Program related asset" means an asset held by an institution primarily to accomplish a charitable purpose of the institution and not primarily for investment.   "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.     (Code 1981, §44-15-2, enacted by Ga. L. 2008, p. 149, § 1/HB 972.)