reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 230 § 2 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 2 - Torts; Amount of Damages

Section 2. If an action of tort is commenced or prosecuted against the executor or administrator of the person originally liable, the plaintiff shall recover only the value of the goods taken, or the damage actually sustained, without vindictive or exemplary damages, or damages for any alleged outrage to the feelings of the injured party.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 3 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 3 - Recovery of Goods or Damages for Benefit of Another

Section 3. If the executor or administrator of a trustee, carrier, depositary or other person who claimed only a special property in goods which he held for the use and benefit of another recovers such goods, or damages for the taking or detention thereof, the goods or money recovered shall not be assets in his hands, but shall, after the deduction of the costs and expenses of the action, be delivered or paid to the person for whose use and benefit they were so held or claimed by the deceased.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 4 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 4 - Accounting for Property Returned Pursuant to Judgment

Section 4. If judgment for a return of property is rendered in a civil action against an executor or administrator, the property returned by him shall not be assets in his hands; and if it has been included in the inventory, he shall be allowed therefor in his account if he shows that it has been returned in pursuance of such judgment.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 5 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 5 - Refusal to Enforce Claim; Action by Heir, Legatee or Creditor

Section 5. It shall be unnecessary to remove an executor or administrator in order that an action to enforce a claim in favor of the estate may be brought by an administrator to be appointed in his place, when he refuses to bring such action at the request of an heir, legatee or creditor, or is unable to do so by reason of his interest or otherwise, but an heir, legatee or creditor having an interest in the enforcement of any such claim may bring a civil action to enforce it for the benefit of the estate in like circumstances and in like manner as a person beneficially interested in a trust fund may bring an action to enforce a claim in favor of such fund, and in case of such action in respect to real estate, it shall not be an obstacle to the action that a license to sell it has not been obtained by the executor or administrator.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 6 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 6 - Writs of Attachment and Executions

Section 6. Writs of attachment and executions against executors or administrators for debts due from the testator or intestate shall run only against the goods and estate of the deceased in their hands, and not against their bodies, goods or estate.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 7 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 7 - Attachments; Permission of Probate Court Required

Section 7. The real and personal property of a deceased person shall not be attached on mesne process in an action upon a debt due from, or upon a claim against, the deceased, except upon the permission of the probate court for the county where the executor or administrator of the deceased person was appointed. This section shall not apply to actions brought under section twenty-nine of chapter one hundred and ninety-seven.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 8 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 8 - Costs

Section 8. If a judgment for costs is rendered against an executor or administrator in an action commenced by or against him, or in an action commenced by or against the testator or intestate, wherein the executor or administrator has appeared and taken upon himself the prosecution or defence, he shall be personally liable for the costs, and execution shall be awarded against his body, goods and estate, as if it were for his own debt. Costs paid by him shall be allowed in his account unless the probate court determines that the action was prosecuted or defended without reasonable cause.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 9 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 9 - Damages and Costs; Separate Executions

Section 9. If the judgment is for damages and costs, an execution for the damages shall be awarded against the goods and estate of the deceased in the hands of the executor or administrator, and another execution for costs against the goods, estate and body of the executor or administrator, as if for his own debt.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 10 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 10 - Liability of Executor or Administrator for Unsatisfied Judgment

Section 10. Upon the return unsatisfied of an execution upon a judgment rendered in a civil action against an executor or administrator for a debt due from the estate of the deceased, the creditor may, by motion or by action in the court which rendered the original judgment, charge the executor or administrator with waste and seek to hold the executor or administrator personally liable for the amount thereof if it can be ascertained, otherwise for the amount due on the original judgment, with interest from the time when it was rendered, and judgment and execution shall be awarded as for his own debt.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 11 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 11 - Death or Removal of Executor or Administrator; Effect on Pending Action

Section 11. If an executor or administrator dies or is removed from office during the pendency of an action to which he is a party, it may be prosecuted by or against the administrator de bonis non in like manner as if commenced by or against him; and the provisions of the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure or the District-Municipal Courts Rules of Civil Procedure and of chapter two hundred and twenty-eight relative to the appearance, substitution or citation of an administrator and relative to dismissal, nonsuit or default shall apply to such administrator de bonis non.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 12 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 12 - Death or Removal of Fiduciary After Judgment

Section 12. If an executor or administrator dies or is removed after judgment has been rendered for or against him by the probate court, such court may issue a writ of scire facias in favor of or against the administrator de bonis non; and if an executor or administrator dies or is removed after judgment has been rendered for or against him by the supreme judicial, superior, district or land court, such court may upon motion amend such judgment in favor of or against the administrator de bonis non; and a new execution may be issued upon the scire facias or amended judgment in like manner as may be done in favor of or against an original executor or administrator in case of death of his testator or intestate after a judgment rendered for or against him; except that a judgment against the first executor or administrator for costs for which he was personally liable shall be enforced only against his executor or administrator and not against the administrator de bonis non.
MA Gen L ch 230 § 13 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 230 - Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators|Section 13 - Appeal

Section 13. If judgment is rendered for or against an executor or administrator, an appeal may be claimed therefrom by or against an administrator de bonis non in like manner as it might have been claimed by or against the executor or administrator who was party to the judgment.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6 - Assignee of Claim Assigned by Executor or Administrator, Proceedings

Section 6. In an action for the recovery of an outstanding debt or claim sold or assigned by an executor or administrator under a license of the probate court costs shall be recovered by or against the plaintiff but not against the executor or administrator. Any such action which is not governed by the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure or the District-Municipal Courts Rules of Civil Procedure shall be brought in the names of the purchaser or assignee, and the fact of the sale shall be set forth in the pleadings. The defendant may avail himself of any defense which would have been open to him upon an action or proceeding brought by an executor or administrator.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6b (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6b - Interest Added to Damages in Tort Actions

Section 6B. In any action in which a verdict is rendered or a finding made or an order for judgment made for pecuniary damages for personal injuries to the plaintiff or for consequential damages, or for damage to property, there shall be added by the clerk of court to the amount of damages interest thereon at the rate of twelve per cent per annum from the date of commencement of the action even though such interest brings the amount of the verdict or finding beyond the maximum liability imposed by law.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6c (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6c - Interest Added to Damages in Contract Actions

Section 6C. In all actions based on contractual obligations, upon a verdict, finding or order for judgment for pecuniary damages, interest shall be added by the clerk of the court to the amount of damages, at the contract rate, if established, or at the rate of twelve per cent per annum from the date of the breach or demand. If the date of the breach or demand is not established, interest shall be added by the clerk of the court, at such contractual rate, or at the rate of twelve per cent per annum from the date of the commencement of the action, provided, however, that in all actions based on contractual obligations, upon a verdict, finding or order for judgment against the commonwealth for pecuniary damages, interest shall be added by the clerk of the court to the amount of damages, at the contract rate, if established, or at a rate calculated pursuant to the provisions of section six I from the date of the breach or demand. If the date of the breach or demand is not established, such interest shall be added by the clerk of the court from the date of the commencement of the action.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6d (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6d - Damages for Pain and Suffering in Tort Actions Arising Out of Operation, etc., of Motor Vehicles; Restrictions

Section 6D. In any action of tort brought as a result of bodily injury, sickness or disease, arising out of the ownership, operation, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle within this commonwealth by the defendant, a plaintiff may recover damages for pain and suffering, including mental suffering associated with such injury, sickness or disease, only if the reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in treating such injury, sickness or disease for necessary medical, surgical, x-ray and dental services, including prosthetic devices, and necessary ambulance, hospital, professional nursing and funeral expenses are determined to be in excess of two thousand dollars unless such injury, sickness or disease (1) causes death, or (2) consists in whole or in part of loss of a body member, or (3) consists in whole or in part of permanent and serious disfigurement, or (4) results in such loss of sight or hearing as is described in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) of section thirty-six of chapter one hundred and fifty-two or (5) consists of a fracture.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6e (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6e - Definitions Applicable to Sections 6e to 6g

Section 6E. As used in sections 6E to 6G inclusive, the following words shall have the following meanings:—  ''Court'', the supreme judicial court, the appeals court, the superior court, the land court, any probate court and any housing court, and any judge or justice thereof;  ''Civil action'', any civil proceeding in any court except those conducted pursuant to chapters one hundred and nineteen, one hundred and twenty-three, chapter one hundred and twenty-three A or chapter two hundred and ten;  ''Party'', any person, including any officer or agency of the commonwealth or subdivision thereof, or any authority established by the general court to serve a public purpose.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6g (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6g - Appeals; Motions for Expenses for Insubstantial, Frivolous or Bad Faith Claims or Defenses

Section 6G. Any party aggrieved by a decision on a motion pursuant to section six F may appeal as hereinafter provided. If the matter arises in the superior, land, housing or probate court, the appeal shall be to the single justice of the appeals court at the next sitting thereof. If the matter arises in the appeals court or before a single justice of the supreme judicial court, the appeal shall be to the full bench of the supreme judicial court. The court deciding the appeal shall review the finding and award, if any, appealed from as if it were initially deciding the matter, and may withdraw or amend any finding or reduce or rescind any award when in its judgment the facts so warrant.  Any party may file a notice of appeal with the clerk or register of the court hearing the motion within ten days after receiving notice of the decision thereon. The clerk or register shall then forward the motion, the court's findings and award, and any other documents relevant to the appeal to the clerk of the court deciding the appeal who, upon receipt thereof, shall refer the matter to the court for speedy decision and shall notify the parties of such decision, which shall be final. Any appeal to the supreme judicial court or the appeals court shall proceed according to the Massachusetts Rules of Appellate Procedure; any appeal to a single justice of the Appeals Court shall proceed under the rules for the regulation of practice before a single justice of that court. The payment of any award made pursuant to section six F shall be stayed until the completion of all appeals relating to the civil action in which the award was made.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6h (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6h - Interest on Damages

Section 6H. In any action in which damages are awarded, but in which interest on said damages is not otherwise provided by law, there shall be added by the clerk of court to the amount of damages interest thereon at the rate provided by section six B to be determined from the date of commencement of the action even though such interest brings the amount of the verdict or finding beyond the maximum liability imposed by law.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 6i (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 6i - Interest Rate; Schedule

Section 6I. Interest required to be paid by the commonwealth pursuant to this section shall be calculated at a Weekly average one-year constant maturity Treasury yield, as published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, for the calendar week preceding date of the judgment; provided, however, that such interest shall not exceed the rate of ten percent per annum. The secretary of administration and finance shall maintain a schedule of the rate described above for the distribution to all clerks of courts.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 9 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 9 - Action to Recover Possession of Real Property

Section 9. In an action to recover possession of real property for a term of years or other interest, if the defendant is wrongfully in possession it shall not be material how he obtained such possession.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 13a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 13a - Invalidity of Stipulation Waiving Service of Process or Authorizing Confession of Judgment; Vacation of Judgment

Section 13A. Any judgment entered in an action upon a contract, promissory note or other instrument in which or in a memorandum or writing relating to which is contained a stipulation, whereby the defendant in such action waived or agreed to waive or authorized another person to waive or agree to waive the issue or service of process in such an action shall be set aside or vacated on motion of the defendant, unless it appears that service in the usual manner was had upon him or that the plaintiff sent to him by registered mail at least seven days before the entry of such action a notice of his intention to enter the same on said day and at the time of entry filed an affidavit of giving notice as aforesaid, which affidavit shall be prima facie evidence of the giving thereof. Any stipulation in a contract, promissory note or other instrument, or in any memorandum or writing relating thereto, whereby a party thereto agrees to confess judgment in any action which may be brought thereon or authorizes or agrees to authorize another person to confess judgment as aforesaid shall be void and any judgment by confession taken in pursuance of such a stipulation shall be set aside or vacated on motion of the defendant. When a judgment is set aside or vacated under the authority of this section, all outstanding executions issued thereon shall be stayed or superseded without security.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 13b (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 13b - Ad Damnum or Monetary Amount Claimed

Section 13B. No complaint in any civil action shall contain an ad damnum or monetary amount claimed against any defendant, unless such ad damnum or monetary amount claimed indicates damages which are liquidated or ascertainable by calculation and a statement under oath by a person having knowledge thereof is attached to such complaint setting forth the manner in which the amount of said damages was calculated. For the purposes of this section complaint shall include a claim, crossclaim or counterclaim. In civil actions in the superior court, parties, through their counsel, may suggest a specific monetary amount for damages at trial.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 21 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 21 - Pleading Following Answer in Abatement

Section 21. If an answer in abatement filed in the land court in an action which is not governed by the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure is overruled on demurrer, or, if, in consequence of such answer in abatement, the plaintiff amends, the defendant within such time as the court orders shall plead to the merits.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 22 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 22 - Pleading the General Issue; Evidence

Section 22. In real and mixed actions in the land court which are not governed by the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure, the defendant may plead the general issue and may give in evidence thereunder all matters which he might formerly have pleaded in bar.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 31 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 31 - Equitable Defenses

Section 31. In the district courts, the defendant may allege in defense any facts which would entitle him in equity to be absolutely and unconditionally relieved against the plaintiff's claim or cause of action or against a judgment recovered by the plaintiff in such action.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 35 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 35 - Reply Avoiding Defense in Equity

Section 35. In civil proceedings which are not governed by the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure, the plaintiff may, in reply to a defense alleged by the defendant, allege any facts which would in equity avoid such defense or which would entitle the plaintiff to be absolutely and unconditionally relieved in equity against such defense.
MA Gen L ch 231 § 39 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part III - Courts, Judicial Officers and Proceedings in Civil Cases|Title II - Actions and Proceedings Therein|Chapter 231 - Pleading and Practice|Section 39 - Real and Mixed Actions at Issue in Land Court

Section 39. Real and mixed actions in the land court which are not governed by the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure shall be considered at issue when the plea is filed.