reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 31-5009 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50 - Insurance Placement|§ 31-5009. Administrative appeals; judicial review

(a) Any applicant for insurance and any affected insurer may appeal to the Mayor within 90 days after any final ruling, action, or decision by or on behalf of any inspection bureau, the Industry Placement Facility, or the Joint Underwriting Association, following exhaustion of remedies available within such bureau, Facility, or Association. (b) All final orders or decisions of the Mayor made under this chapter shall be subject to review by the District of Columbia Court of Appeals under the District of Columbia Administrative Procedure Act.  (Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 571, Pub. L. 90-448, title XII, § 1210; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 583, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 163(d).)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 35-1809. 1973 Ed., § 35-1709. References in Text The “District of Columbia Administrative Procedure Act,” referred to in Subsection (b) of this section, in the Act of October 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1203, Pub. L. 90-614, codified as subchapter I of Chapter 15 of Title 1 (subchapter I of Chapter 5 of Title 2, 2001 Ed.). Editor's Notes Delegation of functions: See Historical and Statutory Notes following § 31-5002. Department of Insurance abolished: See Historical and Statutory Notes following § 31-5002. Change in Government This section originated at a time when local government powers were delegated to the District of Columbia Council and to a Commissioner of the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act, 87 Stat. 818, § 711 ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.11), abolished the District of Columbia Council and the Office of Commissioner of the District of Columbia. These branches of government were replaced by the Council of the District of Columbia and the Office of Mayor of the District of Columbia, respectively. Accordingly, and also pursuant to § 714(a) of such Act ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.14(a)), appropriate changes in terminology were made in this section.
DC Code § 31-5010 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50 - Insurance Placement|§ 31-5010. Assessment of companies for reinsurance reimbursement fund; charge to insured to recover assessment

(a) In order to carry out the purposes of this chapter and to make available to insurers who participate hereunder the reinsurance afforded under part B of title XII of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. § 1749bbb-7 et seq.] against losses to property resulting from riots or civil disorders, the Mayor is authorized to assess each insurance company authorized to do business in the District of Columbia an amount, in the proportion that the premiums earned by each such company in the District of Columbia, on lines reinsured in the District of Columbia by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, during the preceding calendar year bear to the aggregate premiums earned on those lines in the District of Columbia by all insurance companies, sufficient to provide a fund to reimburse the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the manner set forth in § 1223(a)(1) of such Part B [12 U.S.C. § 1749bbb-9]. Such fund may be added to or such fund may be created by moneys appropriated therefor by the Congress. (b) Insurers shall add to the premium rate an amount, to be approved by the Mayor, sufficient to recover, within not more than 3 years, any amounts assessed under subsection (a) of this section during the preceding calendar year. Such amount shall be a separate charge to the insured in addition to the premium to be paid and shall be reflected as such in the policy of insurance. No commission shall be paid thereon to any agent or broker producing or selling the policy of insurance wherein such amount is added.  (Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 572, Pub. L. 90-448, title XII, § 1211.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 35-1810. 1973 Ed., § 35-1710. References in Text “Part B of title XII of the National Housing Act,” referred to in subsection (a) of this section, consists of §§ 1221 to 1224, as added by § 1103 of the Act of August 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 560, Pub. L. 90-448, codified at 12 U.S.C. §§ 1749bbb-7 to 1749bbb-10. Editor's Notes Delegation of functions: See Historical and Statutory Notes following § 31-5002. Department of Insurance abolished: See Historical and Statutory Notes following § 31-5002. Change in Government This section originated at a time when local government powers were delegated to the District of Columbia Council and to a Commissioner of the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act, 87 Stat. 818, § 711 ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.11), abolished the District of Columbia Council and the Office of Commissioner of the District of Columbia. These branches of government were replaced by the Council of the District of Columbia and the Office of Mayor of the District of Columbia, respectively. Accordingly, and also pursuant to § 714(a) of such Act ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.14(a)), appropriate changes in terminology were made in this section.
DC Code § 31-5011 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50 - Insurance Placement|§ 31-5011. Delegation of functions by Mayor

The Mayor is authorized to delegate any of the functions vested in him by this chapter.  (Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 572, Pub. L. 90-448, title XII, § 1212.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 35-1811. 1973 Ed., § 35-1711. Editor's Notes Delegation of functions: See Historical and Statutory Notes following § 31-5002. Department of Insurance abolished: See Historical and Statutory Notes following § 31-5002. Change in Government This section originated at a time when local government powers were delegated to the District of Columbia Council and to a Commissioner of the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act, 87 Stat. 818, § 711 ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.11), abolished the District of Columbia Council and the Office of Commissioner of the District of Columbia. These branches of government were replaced by the Council of the District of Columbia and the Office of Mayor of the District of Columbia, respectively. Accordingly, and also pursuant to § 714(a) of such Act ( D.C. Code, § 1-207.14(a)), appropriate changes in terminology were made in this section.
DC Code § 31-5031.02 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.02. Licensing needed to transact business

No person, other than a domestic, foreign, or non-U.S. title insurer organized on the stock plan and licensed under Chapter 25 of this title [§ 31-2501.01 et seq.], shall issue a title insurance policy or otherwise transact the business of title insurance in the District.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2143, 57 DCR 6242.)  Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2143 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.03 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.03. Authorized activities of title insurers

Subject to the exceptions and restrictions contained in this chapter, a title insurer may do any of the following: (1) Engage in the business of writing title insurance directly or through title insurance producers appointed for the purpose of issuing policies of title insurance; (2) Reinsure title insurance policies; (3) Unless prohibited by the Commissioner, perform ancillary activities, including examining titles to real property and any interest in real or personal property and procuring and furnishing related information and information about relevant personal property, when not in contemplation of, or in conjunction with, the issuance of a title insurance policy; and (4) Maintain or perform escrow, indemnity, or settlement services.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2144, 57 DCR 6242.)  Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2144 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.04 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.04. Limitations on powers

(a) An insurer that transacts any class, type, or kind of business other than title insurance business shall not be eligible for the issuance or renewal of a license to transact the business of title insurance in the District of Columbia and shall not transact title insurance business. (b) A title insurer shall not engage in the business of guaranteeing payment of the principal of, or the interest on, bonds or mortgages. (c)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, and to the extent such coverage is lawful within the District, a title insurer may issue closing or settlement protection to a proposed insured upon request if the title insurer issues a preliminary report, binder, or title insurance policy. The closing or settlement protection shall conform to the terms of coverage and form of instrument as required by the Commissioner and may indemnify a proposed insured against loss of settlement funds because of the following acts of a title insurer’s named title insurance producer: (A) Theft of settlement funds in connection with the closing to the extent that the theft relates to the status of the title to that interest in land or to the validity, enforceability, and priority of the lien of the mortgage on that interest in land; and (B) Failure to comply with the written closing instructions by the proposed insured when agreed to by the title insurance producer, to the extent that they relate to the status of the title to that interest in land or the validity, enforceability, and priority of the lien of the mortgage on that interest in land. (2) The Commissioner may promulgate by rule pursuant to § 31-5031.23, or approve, a required charge for providing the coverage. (3) Repealed. (4) Except as provided under this chapter, a title insurer shall not provide any other coverage which purports to indemnify against improper acts or omissions of a person with regard to escrow, settlement, or closing services. (5) The form of closing protection letter used by a title insurer and rates shall be filed with the Commissioner as provided by § 31-5031.18(b)(3).  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2145, 57 DCR 6242; Nov. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 20-40, § 5(b), 60 DCR 12304.)  Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 20-40, in (c)(1), deleted “solely” preceding “against loss” and deleted “only” preceding “because of”; and repealed (c)(3). Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2145 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.05 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.05. Minimum capital and surplus requirements

Before being licensed to do an insurance business in the District, a title insurer shall establish and maintain a minimum paid-in capital of not less than $500,000 and paid-in initial surplus of at least $500,000, for a total minimum capital and surplus total of at least $1 million.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2146, 57 DCR 6242.)  Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2146 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.06 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.06. Single risk limit

(a) The net retained liability of a title insurer for a single risk in regard to property, whether assumed directly or as reinsurance, shall not exceed the aggregate of 50% of surplus as regards policyholders, plus the statutory premium reserve less the company’s investment in title plants, all as shown in the most recent annual statement of the insurer on file with the Commissioner. (b) For the purposes of this chapter: (1) A single risk shall be the insured amount of any title insurance policy; provided, that, if 2 or more title insurance policies are issued simultaneously covering different estates in the same real property, a single risk shall be the sum of the insured amounts of all the title insurance policies. (2) A policy under which a claim payment reduces the amount of insurance under one or more other title insurance policies shall be included in computing the single risk sum only to the extent that its amount exceeds the aggregate amount of the policy or policies whose amount of insurance is reduced.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2147, 57 DCR 6242.)  Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2147 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.07 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.07. Admitted asset standards

In determining the financial condition of a domestic title insurer doing business under this chapter, the general investment provisions of the Chapter 13A of this title [§  31-1371.01 et seq. ], shall apply; provided, that: (1) An investment in a title plant or plants in an amount equal to the actual cost shall be allowed as an admitted asset for title insurers; and (2) The aggregate amount of the investment shall not exceed the lesser of 20% of admitted assets or 40% of surplus to policyholders, as shown on the most recent annual statement of the title insurer on file with the Commissioner.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2148, 57 DCR 6242.)  Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2148 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.09 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.09. Liquidation, dissolution, or insolvency

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the IRLA shall apply to all domestic title insurers subject to this chapter. In applying the provisions of the IRLA, the court shall consider the unique aspects of title insurance and shall have broad authority to fashion relief that provides for the maximum protection of the title insurance policyholders. (b) Indemnity and escrow funds held by or on behalf of the title insurer shall not become general assets and shall be administered as secured creditor claims as provided in the IRLA. (c) Title insurance policies issued by a domestic title insurer that are in force at the time an order of liquidation is entered shall not be canceled except upon a showing to the court of good cause by the liquidator. The determination of good cause shall be within the discretion of the court. In making this determination, the court shall consider the unique aspects of title insurance and all other relevant circumstances. (d) The court may set appropriate dates that potential claimants shall file their claims with the liquidator as to a domestic title insurer. The court may set different dates for claims based upon the title insurance policy than for all other claims. In setting dates, the court shall consider the unique aspects of title insurance and all other relevant circumstances. (e) As of the date of the order of insolvency or liquidation, all premiums paid, due, or to become due under policies of the domestic title insurers shall be fully earned. It shall be the obligation of producers, insureds, or representatives of the title insurer to pay fully earned premium to the liquidator or rehabilitator.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2150, 57 DCR 6242; Nov. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 20-40, § 5(c), 60 DCR 12304.)  Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 20-40 substituted “producers” for “agents” in (e). Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2150 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.10 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.10. Restrictions on dividends

A domestic title insurer shall only declare or distribute a dividend to shareholders without the prior written approval of the Commissioner as would be permitted under § 31-706, for insurers other than life insurers.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2151, 57 DCR 6242.)  Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2151 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.11 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.11. Diversification requirement

(a) Without the prior written approval of the Commissioner, a domestic title insurer shall not accept: (1) Additional business from a title insurance producer that is not an affiliated company with the insurer if, when added to other business written through the title insurance producer during the same calendar year, that producer’s aggregate premiums written on behalf of the title insurer will exceed 20% of the title insurer’s gross premiums written during the prior calendar year, as shown on the title insurer’s most recent annual statement on file with the Commissioner; or (2)(A) Additional direct operations business from a single source if, when added to other direct operations business from the single source during the same calendar year, the aggregate premiums written on the direct operations business of the single source will exceed 20% of the title insurer’s gross premiums written during the prior calendar year as shown on the title insurers most recent annual statement on file with the Commissioner. (B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term “single source” means a person that refers business to the title insurer and any other person that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, that person. (b) In determining whether prior approval may be given, the Commissioner shall consider: (1) The potential that the acceptance of more business from the title insurance producer or source may adversely affect the financial solidity of the title insurer; (2) The availability of competing title agents or additional sources in the territories in which the title insurer accepts risks; (3) The number of years that the title insurer has been in business; (4) Reinsurance arrangements mitigating the concentration of business from the producer or source; (5) The comparative profitability of the producer’s or source’s book of business; (6) The degree of oversight of the producer’s operations exercised by the title insurer; and (7) Any other circumstances considered by the Commissioner to be appropriate.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2152, 57 DCR 6242; Nov. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 20-40, § 5(d), 60 DCR 12304.)  Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 20-40 substituted “producer” for “agent” and substituted “producer’s” for “agent’s” throughout the section. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2152 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).
DC Code § 31-5031.12 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 31 - Insurance and Securities|Chapter 50A - Title Insurance Insurers|§ 31-5031.12. Direct operations and policyholder treatment

(a) If a title insurance commitment includes an offer to issue an owner’s policy covering the resale of owner-occupied property, the title insurance commitment shall be furnished to the purchaser-mortgagor or its representative no later than the time of closing. If the report cannot be delivered prior to or at closing, the title insurer shall document the reasons for the delay. The title insurance commitment furnished to the purchaser-mortgagor shall incorporate the following statement on the 1st page in bold type: “Please read the exceptions and the terms shown or referred to herein carefully. The exceptions are meant to provide you with notice of matters which are not covered under the terms of the title insurance policy and should be carefully considered. “It is important to note that this form is not a written representation as to the condition of title and may not list all liens, defects, and encumbrances affecting title to the land.” (b)(1) A title insurer issuing a lender’s title insurance policy in conjunction with a mortgage loan made simultaneously with the purchase of all or part of the owner-occupied property securing the loan, if no owner’s title insurance policy has been requested, shall give written notice, on a form prescribed or approved by the Commissioner, to the purchaser-mortgagor at the time the title insurance commitment is prepared. The notice shall explain: (A) A lender’s title insurance policy is to be issued protecting the mortgage-lender; (B) The policy does not provide title insurance protection to the purchaser-mortgagor as the owner of the property being purchased; (C) What a title policy insures against and what possible exposures exist for the purchaser-mortgagor that could be insured against through the purchase of an owner’s policy; and (D) The purchaser-mortgagor may obtain an owner’s title insurance policy protecting the property owner at a specified cost or approximate cost, if the proposed coverages or amount of insurance is not then known. (2) A copy of the notice, signed by the purchaser-mortgagor, shall be retained in the relevant underwriting file at least 3 years after the effective date of the policy.  (Sept. 24, 2010, D.C. Law 18-223, § 2153, 57 DCR 6242; Nov. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 20-40, § 5(e), 60 DCR 12304.)  Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 20-40 deleted “residential” preceding “property” in (a) and (b)(1); substituted “no later than the time of closing” for “as soon as reasonably possible prior to closing” in (a); and substituted “3 years” for “5 years” in (b)(2). Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2153 of Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Support Emergency Act of 2010 (D.C. Act 18-463, July 2, 2010, 57 DCR 6542).