reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 19-1116 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Custodial Trusts; Uniform Law|§ 19-1116. Limitations of action against custodial trustee

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, unless previously barred by adjudication, consent, or limitation, a claim for relief against a custodial trustee for accounting or breach of duty is barred as to a beneficiary, a person to whom custodial trust property is to be paid or delivered, or the legal representative of an incapacitated or deceased beneficiary or payee: (1) Who has received a final account or statement fully disclosing the matter unless an action or proceeding to assert the claim is commenced within 2 years after receipt of the final account or statement; or (2) Who has not received a final account or statement fully disclosing the matter unless an action or proceeding to assert the claim is commenced within 3 years after the termination of the custodial trust. (b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a claim for relief to recover from a custodial trustee for fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment related to the final settlement of the custodial trust or concealment of the existence of the custodial trust, is barred unless an action or proceeding to assert the claim is commenced within 7 years after the termination of the custodial trust. (c) A claim for relief is not barred by this section if the claimant: (1) Is a minor, until the earlier of 2 years after the claimant becomes an adult or dies; (2) Is an incapacitated adult, until the earliest of 2 years after the appointment of a conservator, the removal of the incapacity, or the death of the claimant; or (3) Was an adult, now deceased, who was not incapacitated, until 2 years after the claimant’s death.  (July 23, 2002, D.C. Law 14-177, § 2(b), 49 DCR 5092.)
DC Code § 19-1117 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Custodial Trusts; Uniform Law|§ 19-1117. Distribution on termination

(a) Upon termination of a custodial trust, the custodial trustee shall transfer the unexpended custodial trust property: (1) To the beneficiary, if not incapacitated or deceased; (2) To the conservator or other recipient designated by the court for an incapacitated beneficiary; or (3) Upon the beneficiary’s death, in the following order: (A) As last directed in a writing signed by the deceased beneficiary while not incapacitated and received by the custodial trustee during the life of the deceased beneficiary; (B) To the survivor of multiple beneficiaries if survivorship is provided for pursuant to section 19-1106; (C) As designated in the instrument creating the custodial trust; or (D) To the estate of the deceased beneficiary. (b) If, when the custodial trust would otherwise terminate, the distributee is incapacitated, the custodial trust continues for the use and benefit of the distributee as beneficiary until the incapacity is removed or the custodial trust is otherwise terminated. (c) Death of a beneficiary does not terminate the power of the custodial trustee to discharge obligations of the custodial trustee or beneficiary incurred before the termination of the custodial trust.  (July 23, 2002, D.C. Law 14-177, § 2(b), 49 DCR 5092.)
DC Code § 19-1119 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Custodial Trusts; Uniform Law|§ 19-1119. Applicable law

(a) This chapter applies to a transfer or declaration creating a custodial trust that refers to this chapter if, at the time of the transfer or declaration, the transferor, beneficiary, or custodial trustee is a resident of or has its principal place of business in the District of Columbia or custodial trust property is located in the District of Columbia. The custodial trust remains subject to this chapter despite a later change in residence or principal place of business of the transferor, beneficiary, or custodial trustee, or removal of the custodial trust property from the District of Columbia. (b) A transfer made pursuant to an act of another state substantially similar to this chapter is governed by the law of that state and may be enforced in the District of Columbia.  (July 23, 2002, D.C. Law 14-177, § 2(b), 49 DCR 5092.)
DC Code § 19-1120 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 11 - Custodial Trusts; Uniform Law|§ 19-1120. Uniformity of application and construction

This chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting it.  (July 23, 2002, D.C. Law 14-177, § 2(b), 49 DCR 5092.)
DC Code § 19-1501 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1501. Short title

This chapter may be cited as the “Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act”.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes For prior codification of Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests: See § 21-2091 et seq. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 1 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1502 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1502. Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter, the term: (1) “Disclaimant” means the person to whom a disclaimed interest or power would have passed had the disclaimer not been made. (2) “Disclaimed interest” means the interest that would have passed to the disclaimant had the disclaimer not been made. (3) “Disclaimer” means the refusal to accept an interest in or power over property. (4) “Fiduciary” means a personal representative, trustee, agent acting under a power of attorney, or other person authorized to act as a fiduciary with respect to the property of another person. (5) “Jointly held property” means property held in the name of 2 or more persons under an arrangement in which all holders have concurrent interests and under which the last surviving holder is entitled to the whole of the property. (6) “Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government; governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality; public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. (7) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The term “state” includes an Indian tribe or band, or Alaskan native village, recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state. (8) “Trust” means: (A) An express trust, charitable or noncharitable, with additions thereto, whenever and however created; or (B) A trust created pursuant to a statute, judgment, or decree which requires the trust to be administered in the manner of an express trust.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 2 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1503 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1503. Scope

This chapter applies to disclaimers of any interest in or power over property, whenever created.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 3 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1504 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1504. Chapter supplemented by other law

(a) Unless displaced by a provision of this chapter, the principles of law and equity supplement this chapter. (b) This chapter does not limit any right of a person to waive, release, disclaim, or renounce an interest in or power over property under a law other than this chapter.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 4 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1505 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1505. Power to disclaim; general requirements; when irrevocable

(a) A person may disclaim, in whole or part, any interest in or power over property, including a power of appointment. A person may disclaim the interest or power even if its creator imposed a spendthrift provision or similar restriction on transfer or a restriction or limitation on the right to disclaim. (b) Except to the extent a fiduciary’s right to disclaim is expressly restricted or limited by another statute of the District of Columbia or by the instrument creating the fiduciary relationship, a fiduciary may disclaim, in whole or part, any interest in or power over property, including a power of appointment, whether acting in a personal or representative capacity. A fiduciary may disclaim the interest or power even if its creator imposed a spendthrift provision or similar restriction on transfer or a restriction or limitation on the right to disclaim, or an instrument other than the instrument that created the fiduciary relationship imposed a restriction or limitation on the right to disclaim. (c)(1) To be effective, a disclaimer must: (A) Be in a writing or other record; (B) Declare the disclaimer; (C) Describe the interest or power disclaimed; (D) Be signed by the person making the disclaimer; and (E) Be delivered or filed in the manner provided in § 19-1512. (2) For the purposes of this subsection, the term: (A) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. (B) “Signed” means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, to: (i) Execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or (ii) Attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic sound, symbol, or process. (d) A partial disclaimer may be expressed as a fraction, percentage, monetary amount, term of years, limitation of a power, or any other interest or estate in the property. (e) A disclaimer becomes irrevocable when it is delivered or filed pursuant to § 19-1512 or when it becomes effective as provided in §§ 19-1506 through 19-1511, whichever occurs later. (f) A disclaimer made under this chapter is not a transfer, assignment, or release.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 5 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1507 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1507. Disclaimer of rights of survivorship in jointly held property

(a) Upon the death of a holder of jointly held property, a surviving holder may disclaim, in whole or part, the greater of: (1) A fractional share of the property determined by dividing the number one by the number of joint holders alive immediately before the death of the holder to whose death the disclaimer relates; or (2) All of the property except that part of the value of the entire interest attributable to the contribution furnished by the disclaimant. (b) A disclaimer under subsection (a) of this section takes effect as of the death of the holder of jointly held property to whose death the disclaimer relates. (c) An interest in jointly held property disclaimed by a surviving holder of the property passes as if the disclaimant predeceased the holder to whose death the disclaimer relates.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 19-1506. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 7 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1508 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1508. Disclaimer of interest by trustee

If a trustee disclaims an interest in property that otherwise would have become trust property, the interest does not become trust property.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 19-1506. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 8 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1509 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1509. Disclaimer of power of appointment or other power not held in fiduciary capacity

If a holder disclaims a power of appointment or other power not held in a fiduciary capacity, the following rules apply: (1) If the holder has not exercised the power, the disclaimer takes effect as of the time the instrument creating the power becomes irrevocable. (2) If the holder has exercised the power and the disclaimer is of a power other than a presently exercisable general power of appointment, the disclaimer takes effect immediately after the last exercise of the power. (3) The instrument creating the power is construed as if the power expired when the disclaimer became effective.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 9 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1510 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1510. Disclaimer by appointee, object, or taker in default of exercise of power of appointment

(a) A disclaimer of an interest in property by an appointee of a power of appointment takes effect as of the time the instrument by which the holder exercises the power becomes irrevocable. (b) A disclaimer of an interest in property by an object or taker in default of an exercise of a power of appointment takes effect as of the time the instrument creating the power becomes irrevocable.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 10 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1511 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1511. Disclaimer of power held in fiduciary capacity

(a) If a fiduciary disclaims a power held in a fiduciary capacity which has not been exercised, the disclaimer takes effect as of the time the instrument creating the power becomes irrevocable. (b) If a fiduciary disclaims a power held in a fiduciary capacity which has been exercised, the disclaimer takes effect immediately after the last exercise of the power. (c) A disclaimer under this section is effective as to another fiduciary if the disclaimer so provides and the fiduciary disclaiming has the authority to bind the estate, trust, or other person for whom the fiduciary is acting.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 11 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1513 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1513. When disclaimer barred or limited

(a) A disclaimer is barred by a written waiver of the right to disclaim. (b) A disclaimer of an interest in property is barred if any of the following events occur before the disclaimer becomes effective: (1) The disclaimant accepts the interest sought to be disclaimed; (2) The disclaimant voluntarily assigns, conveys, encumbers, pledges, or transfers the interest sought to be disclaimed or contracts to do so; or (3) A judicial sale of the interest sought to be disclaimed occurs. (c) A disclaimer, in whole or part, of the future exercise of a power held in a fiduciary capacity is not barred by its previous exercise. (d) A disclaimer, in whole or part, of the future exercise of a power not held in a fiduciary capacity is not barred by its previous exercise unless the power is exercisable in favor of the disclaimant. (e) A disclaimer is barred or limited if so provided by law other than this chapter. (f) A disclaimer of a power over property which is barred by this section is ineffective. A disclaimer of an interest in property which is barred by this section takes effect as a transfer of the interest disclaimed to the persons who would have taken the interest under this chapter had the disclaimer not been barred.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 19-1516. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 13 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1514 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1514. Tax qualified disclaimer

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, if as a result of a disclaimer or transfer the disclaimed or transferred interest is treated pursuant to the provisions of Title 26 of the United States Code, as now or hereafter amended, or any successor statute thereto, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, as never having been transferred to the disclaimant, then the disclaimer or transfer is effective as a disclaimer under this chapter.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 14 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1515 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1515. Recording of disclaimer

If an instrument transferring an interest in or power over property subject to a disclaimer is required or permitted by law to be filed, recorded, or registered, the disclaimer may be so filed, recorded, or registered. Except as provided in [§] 19-1512(g)(2), failure to file, record, or register the disclaimer does not affect its validity as between the disclaimant and persons to whom the property interest or power passes by reason of the disclaimer.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063; Mar. 19, 2013, D.C. Law 19-230, § 3(b), 59 DCR 13606.)  Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 19-230 added “Except as provided in section 19-1512(g)(2)” at the beginning of the second sentence; and made related changes. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 15 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1516 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1516. Application to existing relationships

Except as otherwise provided in § 19-1513, an interest in or power over property existing on the effective date of this chapter as to which the time for delivering or filing a disclaimer under law superseded by this chapter has not expired may be disclaimed after the effective date of this chapter.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 16 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1517 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1517. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act

This chapter modifies, limits, and supercedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, approved June 30, 2000 (114 Stat. 464; 15 U.S.C. § 7001 ), but does not modify, limit, or supercede section 101(c) of that act (15 U.S.C. § 7001(c) ) or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in section 103(b) of that act (15 U.S.C. § 7003(b) ).  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 17 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 19-1518 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 15 - Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests|§ 19-1518. Uniformity of application and construction

In applying and construing this Uniform Act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.  (Mar. 2, 2007, D.C. Law 16-205, § 2(b), 53 DCR 9063.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 18 of the Uniform Disclaimer of Property Interests Act (1999).
DC Code § 20-102 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 20 - Probate and Administration of Decedents’ Estates. [Enacted title]|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|§ 20-102. Verification

(a) When a writing is required by this title to be verified, verification shall be sufficient if the writing is signed by the person required to make the verification and contains the following representation: “I do solemnly declare and affirm under penalty of law that the contents of the foregoing document are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief.” (b) Any person who in making a verification under this section willfully and contrary to the verification states any material matter that such person does not believe to be true shall be guilty of an offense. Any person convicted of this offense shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than 2 or more than 10 years. (c) In addition to any other penalty provided under this section, a person may be fined an amount not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01].  (June 24, 1980, D.C. Law 3-72, § 101, 27 DCR 2155; June 11, 2013, D.C. Law 19-317, § 302, 60 DCR 2064.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 20-102. Section References This section is referenced in § 20-905. Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 19-317 added (c). Cross References Presentation of claims, see § 20-905. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 days) amendment of this section, see § 302 of the Criminal Fine Proportionality Emergency Act of 2013 (D.C. Act 20-45, April 1, 2013, 60 DCR 5400, 20 DCSTAT 1300). Editor's Notes Applicability of D.C. Law 19-317: Section 401 of D.C. Law 19-317 provided that the act shall apply only to offenses committed on or after June 11, 2013.