reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  10-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 10 - Effective Date and Repealer|Section 10-107 - Validity of Transactions Entered After February 1, 1964, and Before January 1, 1981; Security Interest Perfected on January 1, 1981

    Transactions validly entered after 12:01 a.m. on February 1, 1964, and before the effective date of this act, and which were subject to the provisions of the original Code and which would be subject to this act as amended if they had been entered into after the effective date of this act and the rights, duties, and interests flowing from such transactions remain valid after the latter date and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced as required or permitted by this act. Security interests arising out of such transactions which are perfected when this act becomes effective shall remain perfected until they lapse as provided in this act and may be continued as permitted by this act except as stated in § 10-109 of the prior Code.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  10-108 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 10 - Effective Date and Repealer|Section 10-108 - Security Interest Deemed Perfected

    A security interest for the perfection of which filing or the taking of possession was required under the original Code and which attached prior to the effective date of this act but was not perfected shall be deemed perfected on the effective date of this act if this act permits perfection without such filing or possession or authorizes filing in the office or offices where a prior ineffective filing was made.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  10-109 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 10 - Effective Date and Repealer|Section 10-109 - Effective Period of Statement Which Shall Not Have Lapsed; Transitional Filing

    (1)    A financing statement or continuation statement filed prior to the effective date of this act, which shall not have lapsed prior to said effective date shall remain effective for the period provided in the original Code, but not less than that period of time for which the filing was effective pursuant to the original Code in effect upon the date of such prior filing.    (2)    With respect to any financing statement filed prior to the effective date of this act, any continuation or other statement filed on and after the effective date of this act in relation to such original financing statement shall be filed (i.e., the “transitional filing”) in accordance with this act and if this act requires filing in a place where the original financing statement was not filed, then a new financing statement conforming to § 10-110 or the original or photographic or photostatic copy of the original financing statement and a copy of any prior continuation or other statement shall all be filed in the place where filing is required by this act.    (3)    Nothing in this act shall be deemed to invalidate any action otherwise complying with applicable law taken in good faith until the effective date of this act pursuant to Chapter 240 of the Acts of 1972; provided, however, that transitional filings made on and after January 1, 1981, but before 12:01 a.m. on July 1, 2001, shall be made pursuant to this act with regard to original filings made pursuant to § 9-401 as it existed prior to July 1, 1971 and as said section was amended effective July 1, 1971 by Chapter 457 of the Acts of 1971.    (4)    The names and addresses of the debtor and secured party at the time transitional filings are made shall govern the date to be reflected upon statements filed under this act and shall govern place of filing and indexing in the filing records.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  10-110 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 10 - Effective Date and Repealer|Section 10-110 - Continuation of Perfected Security Interest

    (1)    If a security interest is perfected or has priority when this act takes effect as to all persons or as to certain persons without any filing or recording, and if the filing of a financing statement would be required for the perfection or priority of the security interest against those persons under this act, the perfection and priority rights of the security interest continue until 3 years after the effective date of this act. The perfection will then lapse unless a financing statement is filed as provided in subsection (4) or unless the security interest is perfected in accordance with the provisions of this act otherwise than by filing.    (2)    If a security interest is perfected when this act takes effect under a law other than this act which requires no further filing, refiling or recording to continue its perfection, perfection continues until and will lapse 3 years after this act takes effect, unless a financing statement is filed as provided in subsection (4) or unless the security interest is perfected otherwise than by filing, or unless under subsection (3) of § 9-302 of the prior Code the other law continues to govern filing.    (3)    If a security interest is perfected by a filing, refiling or recording under a law repealed by this act which required further filing, refiling or recording to continue its perfection, perfection continues and will lapse on the date provided by the law so repealed for such further filing, refiling or recording unless a financing statement is filed as provided in subsection (4) or unless the security interest is perfected in accordance with the provisions of this act otherwise than by filing.    (4)    Under the prior Code, a financing statement may be filed within 6 months before the perfection of a security interest would otherwise lapse. Any such financing statement is sufficient if signed by either the debtor or the secured party. It must identify the security agreement, statement or notice (however denominated in any statute or other law repealed or modified by this act), state the office where and the date when the last filing, refiling or recording, if any, was made with respect thereto, and the filing number, if any, or book and page, if any, of recording and further state that the security agreement, statement or notice, however denominated, in another filing office under the original Code or under any statute or other law repealed or modified by this act is still effective. Section 9-401 and § 9-103 of the prior Code determine the proper place to file such a financing statement. Except as specified in this subsection, the provisions of § 9-403(3) of the prior Code for continuation statements apply to such a financing statement.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  10-111 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 10 - Effective Date and Repealer|Section 10-111 - Determination of Questions of Priorities

    Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, the original Code shall apply to any questions of priorities if the positions of the parties were fixed prior to the effective date of this act. In other cases, questions of priorities shall be determined by this act for priorities fixed prior to 12:01 a.m. on July 1, 2001.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  10-112 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 10 - Effective Date and Repealer|Section 10-112 - Provisions Deemed Declaratory

    Unless a change in law has clearly been made, the provisions of this act shall be deemed declaratory of the meaning of the original Code.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  20-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 20 - Maryland Uniform Interparty Agreement Act|Section 20-101 - Interparty Agreements Authorized

    A contract, conveyance, release, or sale may be made to or by two or more persons acting jointly, and one or more, but less than all, of these persons, acting either by himself or themselves or with other persons.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  20-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 20 - Maryland Uniform Interparty Agreement Act|Section 20-102 - Contract Not Discharged on Merger of Obligation and Right

    No contract shall be discharged because after its formation the obligation and the right under the contract become vested in the same person acting in different capacities as to the right and the obligation.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  20-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 20 - Maryland Uniform Interparty Agreement Act|Section 20-103 - Fraudulent Transactions

    Nothing in this title shall validate a transaction that is actually or constructively fraudulent.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  20-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 20 - Maryland Uniform Interparty Agreement Act|Section 20-104 - Title Not Retroactive

    This title does not apply to conveyances, releases, sales, or contracts made prior to June 1, 1931.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  20-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 20 - Maryland Uniform Interparty Agreement Act|Section 20-105 - Uniformity of Interpretation

    This title shall be interpreted and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the laws of those states that enact it.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  20-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 20 - Maryland Uniform Interparty Agreement Act|Section 20-106 - Short Title

    This title may be cited as the Maryland Uniform Interparty Agreement Act.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-102 - Scope

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, this title applies to electronic records and electronic signatures relating to a transaction.    (b)    This title does not apply to a transaction to the extent it is governed by:        (1)    A law governing the creation and execution of wills, codicils, or testamentary trusts;        (2)    The Maryland Uniform Commercial Code, other than §§ 1-107 and 1-206 and Titles 2 and 2A;        (3)    The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act;        (4)    A law or regulation governing notice of:            (i)    The cancellation or termination of utility services, including water, heat, and power;            (ii)    Default, acceleration, repossession, foreclosure, eviction, or the right to cure, under a credit agreement, mortgage, or a rental agreement for a primary residence of an individual;            (iii)    The cancellation or termination of health insurance, health insurance benefits, or life insurance benefits, excluding annuities; or            (iv)    Recall of a product, or material failure of a product, that risks endangering health or safety; and        (5)    A law governing adoption, divorce, or other family law matters.    (c)    This title does not apply to:        (1)    Court orders, notices, or official court documents, except as provided in the Maryland Rules; or        (2)    Documents required to accompany transportation or handling of hazardous materials, pesticides, or other toxic or dangerous materials.    (d)    This title applies to an electronic record or electronic signature otherwise excluded from the application of this title under subsection (b) of this section to the extent it is governed by a law other than those specified in subsection (b) of this section.    (e)    A transaction subject to this title is also subject to other applicable substantive law.    (f)    The provisions of this title may not modify, limit, or supersede the provisions of the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act as it relates to use of an electronic record to provide or make available information that is required to be provided or made available in writing to a consumer.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-103 - Prospective Application

    This title applies to any electronic record or electronic signature created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored on or after the effective date of this title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-105 - Construction and Application

    This title must be construed and applied:         (1)    To facilitate electronic transactions consistent with other applicable law;        (2)    To be consistent with reasonable practices concerning electronic transactions and with the continued expansion of those practices; and        (3)    To effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this title among states enacting it.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-106 - Legal Recognition of Electronic Records, Electronic Signatures, and Electronic Contracts

    (a)    A record or signature may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form.    (b)    A contract may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because an electronic record was used in its formation.    (c)    If a law requires a record to be in writing, an electronic record satisfies the law.    (d)    If a law requires a signature, an electronic signature satisfies the law.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-107 - Provision of Information in Writing; Presentation of Records

    (a)    (1)    If parties have agreed to conduct a transaction by electronic means and a law requires a person to provide, send, or deliver information in writing to another person, the requirement is satisfied if the information is provided, sent, or delivered in an electronic record capable of retention by the recipient at the time of receipt.        (2)    An electronic record is not capable of retention by the recipient if the sender or its information processing system inhibits the ability of the recipient to print or store the electronic record.    (b)    If a law other than this title requires a record to be posted or displayed in a certain manner, to be sent, communicated, or transmitted by a specified method, or to contain information that is formatted in a certain manner, the following rules apply:        (1)    The record must be posted or displayed in the manner specified in the other law;        (2)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d)(2) of this section, the record must be sent, communicated, or transmitted by the method specified in the other law; and        (3)    The record must contain the information formatted in the manner specified in the other law.    (c)    If a sender inhibits the ability of a recipient to store or print an electronic record, the electronic record is not enforceable against the recipient.    (d)    The requirements of this section may not be varied by agreement, but:        (1)    To the extent a law other than this title requires information to be provided, sent, or delivered in writing but permits that requirement to be varied by agreement, the requirement under subsection (a) of this section that the information be in the form of an electronic record capable of retention may also be varied by agreement; and        (2)    A requirement under a law other than this title to send, communicate, or transmit a record by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by regular mail, may be varied by agreement to the extent permitted by the other law or by § 21-118.1 of this title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-108 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-108 - Attribution and Effect of Electronic Record and Electronic Signature

    (a)    (1)    An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person.        (2)    The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable.    (b)    The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) of this section is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties’ agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-109 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-109 - Effect of Change or Error

    If a change or error in an electronic record occurs in a transmission between parties to a transaction, the following rules apply:         (1)    If the parties have agreed to use a security procedure to detect changes or errors and one party has conformed to the procedure, but the other party has not, and the nonconforming party would have detected the change or error had that party also conformed, the conforming party may avoid the effect of the changed or erroneous electronic record;        (2)    In an automated transaction involving an individual, the individual may avoid the effect of an electronic record that resulted from an error made by the individual in dealing with the electronic agent of another person if the electronic agent did not provide an opportunity for the prevention or correction of the error and, at the time the individual learns of the error, the individual:            (i)    Promptly notifies the other person of the error and that the individual did not intend to be bound by the electronic record received by the other person;            (ii)    Takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other person’s reasonable instructions, to return to the other person or, if instructed by the other person, to destroy the consideration received, if any, as a result of the erroneous electronic record; and            (iii)    Has not used or received any benefit or value from the consideration, if any, received from the other person;        (3)    If neither item (1) nor item (2) of this section applies, the change or error has the effect provided by other law, including the law of mistake, and the parties’ contract, if any; and        (4)    Items (2) and (3) of this section may not be varied by agreement.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-110 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-110 - Notarization and Acknowledgment

    If a law requires a signature or record to be notarized, acknowledged, verified, or made under oath, the requirement is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform those acts, together with all other information required to be included by other applicable law, is attached to or logically associated with the signature or record.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-111 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-111 - Retention of Electronic Records; Originals

    (a)    If a law requires that a record be retained, the requirement is satisfied by retaining an electronic record of the information in the record which:        (1)    Accurately reflects the information set forth in the record at the time it was first generated in its final form as an electronic record or otherwise; and        (2)    Remains accessible for later reference.    (b)    A requirement to retain a record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section does not apply to any information the sole purpose of which is to enable the record to be sent, communicated, or received.    (c)    A person may satisfy subsection (a) of this section by using the services of another person if the requirements of that subsection are satisfied.    (d)    If a law requires a record to be presented or retained in its original form, or provides consequences if the record is not presented or retained in its original form, that law is satisfied by an electronic record retained in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.    (e)    If a law requires retention of a check, that requirement is satisfied by retention of an electronic record of the information on the front and back of the check in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.    (f)    A record retained as an electronic record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section satisfies a law requiring a person to retain a record for evidentiary, audit, or similar purposes, unless a law enacted after the effective date of this title specifically prohibits the use of an electronic record for the specified purpose.    (g)    This section does not preclude a governmental agency of this State from specifying additional requirements for the retention of a record subject to the agency’s jurisdiction.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-112 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-112 - Admissibility in Evidence

    In a proceeding, evidence of a record or signature may not be excluded solely because it is in electronic form.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  21-113 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 21 - The Maryland Uniform Electronic Transactions Act|Section 21-113 - Automated Transaction

    In an automated transaction, the following rules apply:         (1)    A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents’ actions or the resulting terms and agreements;        (2)    A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual’s own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance; and        (3)    The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to it.