reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.21 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.21 | Peremptory Challenges.

Effective: October 19, 1981|Latest Legislation:  Senate Bill 1 - 114th General Assembly|(A)(1) In criminal cases in which there is only one defendant, each party, in addition to the challenges for cause authorized by law, may peremptorily challenge three of the jurors in misdemeanor cases and four of the jurors in felony cases other than capital cases. If there is more than one defendant, each defendant may peremptorily challenge the same number of jurors as if he were the sole defendant.(2) Notwithstanding Criminal Rule 24, in capital cases in which there is only one defendant, each party, in addition to the challenges for cause authorized by law, may peremptorily challenge twelve of the jurors. If there is more than one defendant, each defendant may peremptorily challenge the same number of jurors as if he were the sole defendant.(3) In any case in which there are multiple defendants, the prosecuting attorney may peremptorily challenge a number of jurors equal to the total number of peremptory challenges allowed to all of the defendants.(B) If any indictments, informations, or complaints are consolidated for trial, the consolidated cases shall be considered, for purposes of exercising peremptory challenges, as though the defendants or offenses had been joined in the same indictment, information, or complaint.(C) The exercise of peremptory challenges authorized by this section shall be in accordance with the procedures of Criminal Rule 24.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.23 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.23 | When Peremptory Challenges Required.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|Except by agreement, neither the state nor the defendant shall be required to exercise any peremptory challenge until twelve jurors have been passed for cause and are in the panel.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.24 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.24 | Jury Trial.

Effective: May 22, 2012|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 268 - 129th General Assembly|In all criminal cases, a jury summoned and impaneled under Chapter 2313. of the Revised Code shall try the accused.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.25 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.25 | Challenges for Cause.

Effective: October 19, 1981|Latest Legislation:  Senate Bill 1 - 114th General Assembly|A person called as a juror in a criminal case may be challenged for the following causes:(A) That he was a member of the grand jury that found the indictment in the case;(B) That he is possessed of a state of mind evincing enmity or bias toward the defendant or the state; but no person summoned as a juror shall be disqualified by reason of a previously formed or expressed opinion with reference to the guilt or innocence of the accused, if the court is satisfied, from examination of the juror or from other evidence, that he will render an impartial verdict according to the law and the evidence submitted to the jury at the trial;(C) In the trial of a capital offense, that he unequivocally states that under no circumstances will he follow the instructions of a trial judge and consider fairly the imposition of a sentence of death in a particular case. A prospective juror's conscientious or religious opposition to the death penalty in and of itself is not grounds for a challenge for cause. All parties shall be given wide latitude in voir dire questioning in this regard.(D) That he is related by consanguinity or affinity within the fifth degree to the person alleged to be injured or attempted to be injured by the offense charged, or to the person on whose complaint the prosecution was instituted, or to the defendant;(E) That he served on a petit jury drawn in the same cause against the same defendant, and that jury was discharged after hearing the evidence or rendering a verdict on the evidence that was set aside;(F) That he served as a juror in a civil case brought against the defendant for the same act;(G) That he has been subpoenaed in good faith as a witness in the case;(H) That he is a chronic alcoholic, or drug dependent person;(I) That he has been convicted of a crime that by law disqualifies him from serving on a jury;(J) That he has an action pending between him and the state or the defendant;(K) That he or his spouse is a party to another action then pending in any court in which an attorney in the cause then on trial is an attorney, either for or against him;(L) That he is the person alleged to be injured or attempted to be injured by the offense charged, or is the person on whose complaint the prosecution was instituted, or the defendant;(M) That he is the employer or employee, or the spouse, parent, son, or daughter of the employer or employee, or the counselor, agent, or attorney of any person included in division (L) of this section;(N) That English is not his native language, and his knowledge of English is insufficient to permit him to understand the facts and law in the case;(O) That he otherwise is unsuitable for any other cause to serve as a juror.The validity of each challenge listed in this section shall be determined by the court.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.26 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.26 | Challenge for Cause.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|Challenges for cause shall be tried by the court on the oath of the person challenged, or other evidence, and shall be made before the jury is sworn.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.27 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.27 | Challenges for Cause to Be Made Before Jury Sworn.

Effective: September 9, 1957|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 28 - 102nd General Assembly|The judge of the trial court shall examine the prospective jurors under oath or upon affirmation as to their qualifications to serve as fair and impartial jurors, but he shall permit reasonable examination of such jurors by the prosecuting attorney and by the defendant or his counsel.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.28 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.28 | Form of Oath to Jury.

Effective: May 18, 2005|Latest Legislation:  Senate Bill 71 - 125th General Assembly|(A) In criminal cases jurors and the jury shall take the following oath to be administered by the trial court or the clerk of the court of common pleas, and the jurors shall respond to the oath "I do swear" or "I do affirm": "Do you swear or affirm that you will diligently inquire into and carefully deliberate all matters between the State of Ohio and the defendant (giving the defendant's name)? Do you swear or affirm you will do this to the best of your skill and understanding, without bias or prejudice? So help you God."A juror shall be allowed to make affirmation and the words "this you do as you shall answer under the pains and penalties of perjury" shall be substituted for the words, "So help you God."(B) If, on or after the effective date of this amendment, a court that impanels a jury in a criminal case uses the oath that was in effect prior to the effective date of this amendment instead of the oath set forth in division (A) of this section, the court's use of the former oath does not invalidate or affect the validity of the impanelment of the jury or any action taken by the jury.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.29 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.29 | Jurors Becoming Unable to Perform Duties.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|If, before the conclusion of the trial, a juror becomes sick, or for other reason is unable to perform his duty, the court may order him to be discharged. In that case, if alternate jurors have been selected, one of them shall be designated to take the place of the juror so discharged. If, after all alternate jurors have been made regular jurors, a juror becomes too incapacitated to perform his duty, and has been discharged by the court, a new juror may be sworn and the trial begin anew, or the jury may be discharged and a new jury then or thereafter impaneled.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.30 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.30 | Medical Attendance of Juror.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|In case of sickness of any juror before the conclusion of the trial, the court may order that such juror receive medical attendance and shall order the payment of a reasonable charge for such medical attendance out of the judiciary fund.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.31 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.31 | Separation of Jurors.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|After the trial has commenced, before or after the jury is sworn, the court may order the jurors to be kept in charge of proper officers, or they may be permitted to separate during the trial. If the jurors are kept in charge of officers of the court, proper arrangements shall be made for their care, maintenance, and comfort, under the orders and direction of the court. In case of necessity the court may permit temporary separation of the jurors.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.32 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.32 | Oath to Officers if Jury Sequestered.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|When an order has been entered by the court of common pleas in any criminal cause, directing the jurors to be kept in charge of the officers of the court, the following oath shall be administered by the clerk of the court of common pleas to said officers: "You do solemnly swear that you will, to the best of your ability, keep the persons sworn as jurors on this trial, from separating from each other; that you will not suffer any communications to be made to them, or any of them, orally or otherwise; that you will not communicate with them, or any of them, orally or otherwise, except by the order of this court, or to ask them if they have agreed on their verdict, until they shall be discharged, and that you will not, before they render their verdict communicate to any person the state of their deliberations or the verdict they have agreed upon, so help you God." Any officer having taken such oath who willfully violates the same, or permits the same to be violated, is guilty of perjury and shall be imprisoned not less than one nor more than ten years.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.33 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.33 | Supervision of Jury After Case Submitted to Them.

Effective: November 9, 1965|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 708 - 106th General Assembly|When a cause is finally submitted the jurors must be kept together in a convenient place under the charge of an officer until they agree upon a verdict, or are discharged by the court. The court, except in cases where the offense charged may be punishable by death, may permit the jurors to separate during the adjournment of court overnight, under proper cautions, or under supervision of an officer. Such officer shall not permit a communication to be made to them, nor make any himself except to ask if they have agreed upon a verdict, unless he does so by order of the court. Such officer shall not communicate to any person, before the verdict is delivered, any matter in relation to their deliberation. Upon the trial of any prosecution for misdemeanor, the court may permit the jury to separate during their deliberation, or upon adjournment of the court overnight.In cases where the offense charged may be punished by death, after the case is finally submitted to the jury, the jurors shall be kept in charge of the proper officer and proper arrangements for their care and maintenance shall be made as under section 2945.31 of the Revised Code.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.34 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.34 | Admonition if Jurors Separate During Trial.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|If the jurors are permitted to separate during a trial, they shall be admonished by the court not to converse with, nor permit themselves to be addressed by any person, nor to listen to any conversation on the subject of the trial, nor form or express any opinion thereon, until the case is finally submitted to them.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.35 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.35 | Papers the Jury May Take.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|Upon retiring for deliberation, the jury, at the discretion of the court, may take with it all papers except depositions, and all articles, photographs, and maps which have been offered in evidence. No article or paper identified but not admitted in evidence shall be taken by the jury upon its retirement.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.36 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.36 | For What Cause Jury May Be Discharged.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|The trial court may discharge a jury without prejudice to the prosecution:(A) For the sickness or corruption of a juror or other accident or calamity;(B) Because there is no probability of such jurors agreeing;(C) If it appears after the jury has been sworn that one of the jurors is a witness in the case;(D) By the consent of the prosecuting attorney and the defendant.The reason for such discharge shall be entered on the journal.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.391 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.391 | Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity Finding.

Effective: July 1, 1997|Latest Legislation:  Senate Bill 285 - 121st General Assembly|For purposes of sections 2945.371, 2945.40, 2945.401, and 2945.402 and Chapters 5122. and 5123. of the Revised Code, a person is "not guilty by reason of insanity" relative to a charge of an offense only as described in division (A)(14) of section 2901.01 of the Revised Code. Proof that a person's reason, at the time of the commission of an offense, was so impaired that the person did not have the ability to refrain from doing the person's act or acts, does not constitute a defense.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.392 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.392 | Expert Testimony of the Battered Woman Syndrome.

Effective: July 1, 1997|Latest Legislation:  Senate Bill 285 - 121st General Assembly|(A) The declarations set forth in division (A) of section 2901.06 of the Revised Code apply in relation to this section.(B) If a defendant is charged with an offense involving the use of force against another and the defendant enters a plea to the charge of not guilty by reason of insanity, the defendant may introduce expert testimony of the "battered woman syndrome" and expert testimony that the defendant suffered from that syndrome as evidence to establish the requisite impairment of the defendant's reason, at the time of the commission of the offense, that is necessary for a finding that the defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity. The introduction of any expert testimony under this division shall be in accordance with the Ohio Rules of Evidence.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.41 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.41 | Rules Applicable in Criminal Cases.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|The rules of evidence in civil causes, where applicable, govern in all criminal causes.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.42 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.42 | Competency of Witnesses.

Effective: September 3, 1996|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 445 - 121st General Assembly|No person is disqualified as a witness in a criminal prosecution by reason of the person's interest in the prosecution as a party or otherwise or by reason of the person's conviction of crime. Husband and wife are competent witnesses to testify in behalf of each other in all criminal prosecutions and to testify against each other in all actions, prosecutions, and proceedings for personal injury of either by the other, bigamy, or failure to provide for, neglect of, or cruelty to their children under eighteen years of age or their physically or mentally handicapped child under twenty-one years of age. A spouse may testify against his or her spouse in a prosecution under a provision of sections 2903.11 to 2903.13, 2919.21, 2919.22, or 2919.25 of the Revised Code for cruelty to, neglect of, or abandonment of such spouse, in a prosecution against his or her spouse under section 2903.211 or 2911.211, of the Revised Code for the commission of the offense against the spouse who is testifying, in a prosecution under section 2919.27 of the Revised Code involving a protection order issued or consent agreement approved pursuant to section 2919.26 or 3113.31 of the Revised Code for the commission of the offense against the spouse who is testifying, or in a prosecution under section 2907.02 of the Revised Code for the commission of rape or under former section 2907.12 of the Revised Code for felonious sexual penetration against such spouse in a case in which the offense can be committed against a spouse. Such interest, conviction, or relationship may be shown for the purpose of affecting the credibility of the witness. Husband or wife shall not testify concerning a communication made by one to the other, or act done by either in the presence of the other, during coverture, unless the communication was made or act done in the known presence or hearing of a third person competent to be a witness, or in case of personal injury by either the husband or wife to the other, or rape or the former offense of felonious sexual penetration in a case in which the offense can be committed against a spouse, or bigamy, or failure to provide for, or neglect or cruelty of either to their children under eighteen years of age or their physically or mentally handicapped child under twenty-one years of age, violation of a protection order or consent agreement, or neglect or abandonment of a spouse under a provision of those sections. The presence or whereabouts of the husband or wife is not an act under this section. The rule is the same if the marital relation has ceased to exist. Last updated December 10, 2021 at 3:07 PM
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.43 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.43 | Defendant May Testify.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|On the trial of a criminal cause, a person charged with an offense may, at his own request, be a witness, but not otherwise. The failure of such person to testify may be considered by the court and jury and may be made the subject of comment by counsel.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.44 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.44 | Witnesses Turning State's Evidence.

Effective: July 1, 2007|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 241 - 126th General Assembly|(A) In any criminal proceeding in this state or in any criminal or civil proceeding brought pursuant to Chapter 2981. of the Revised Code, if a witness refuses to answer or produce information on the basis of the witness's privilege against self-incrimination, the court of common pleas of the county in which the proceeding is being held, unless it finds that to do so would not further the administration of justice, shall compel the witness to answer or produce the information, if both of the following apply: (1) The prosecuting attorney of the county in which the proceedings are being held makes a written request to the court of common pleas to order the witness to answer or produce the information, notwithstanding the witness's claim of privilege;(2) The court of common pleas informs the witness that by answering, or producing the information the witness will receive immunity under division (B) of this section.(B) If, but for this section, the witness would have been privileged to withhold an answer or any information given in any criminal proceeding, and the witness complies with an order under division (A) of this section compelling the witness to give an answer or produce any information, the witness shall not be prosecuted or subjected to any criminal penalty in the courts of this state for or on account of any transaction or matter concerning which, in compliance with the order, the witness gave an answer or produced any information.(C) A witness granted immunity under this section may be subjected to a criminal penalty for any violation of section 2921.11, 2921.12, or 2921.13 of the Revised Code, or for contempt committed in answering, failing to answer, or failing to produce information in compliance with the order.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.45 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.45 | Subpoenas to Issue to Any County.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|In all criminal cases, the clerk of the court of common pleas, upon a praecipe being filed, shall issue writs of subpoena for the witnesses names therein, directed to the sheriff of such county, or the county where such witnesses reside or are found, which shall be served and returned as in other cases. Such sheriff, by writing indorsed on the writs, may depute a disinterested person to serve and return them. The person so deputed to serve such subpoenas shall make a return of the service made, and make oath thereto before a person competent to administer oaths, which shall be indorsed on the writ. The return may be forwarded through the post office, or otherwise.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.451 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.451 | Employer May Not Penalize Employee for Being Subpoenaed to Criminal Proceeding.

Effective: September 26, 1984|Latest Legislation:  Senate Bill 172 - 115th General Assembly|No employer shall discharge or terminate from employment, threaten to discharge or terminate from employment, or otherwise punish or penalize any employee because of time lost from regular employment as a result of the employee's attendance at any proceeding in a criminal case pursuant to a subpoena. This section generally does not require and shall not be construed to require an employer to pay an employee for time lost as a result of attendance at any criminal proceeding. However, if an employee is subpoenaed to appear at a criminal proceeding and the proceeding pertains to an offense against the employer or an offense involving the employee during the course of his employment, the employer shall not decrease or withhold the employee's pay for any time lost as a result of compliance with the subpoena. Any employer who knowingly violates this section is in contempt of court.
Ohio Rev Code § 2945.46 (2021)
2021 Ohio Revised Code|Title 29 | Crimes-Procedure|Chapter 2945 | Trial|Section 2945.46 | Attendance of Witness Enforced.

Effective: October 1, 1953|Latest Legislation:  House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly|Civil procedure relative to compelling the attendance and testimony of witnesses, their examination, the administering of oaths and affirmations, and proceedings for contempt to enforce the remedies and protect the rights of parties, extend to criminal cases as far as applicable.