reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
WI Stat § 345.421 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.421 - Discovery.

345.421  Discovery. Neither party is entitled to pretrial discovery except that if the defendant moves within 10 days after the alleged violation and shows cause therefor, the court may order that the defendant be allowed to inspect and test under s. 804.09 and under such conditions as the court prescribes, any devices used by the plaintiff to determine whether a violation has been committed, including without limitation, devices used to determine presence of alcohol in breath or body fluid or to measure speed, and may inspect under s. 804.09 the reports of experts relating to those devices.History:  1971 c. 278; Sup. Ct. Order, 67 Wis. 2d 585, 776 (1975); 1975 c. 218.This section applies to civil as well as criminal traffic charges. City of Lodi v. Hine, 107 Wis. 2d 118, 318 N.W.2d 383 (1982).When blood alcohol content is tested under statutory procedures, the results of the test are mandatorily admissible. The physical sample tested is not evidence intended, required, or even susceptible of being produced by the state under s. 971.23. State v. Ehlen, 119 Wis. 2d 451, 351 N.W.2d 503 (1984).
WI Stat § 345.422 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.422 - No guardian ad litem.

345.422  No guardian ad litem. No guardian ad litem need be appointed for any defendant.History:  1971 c. 278.
WI Stat § 345.425 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.425 - Mode of trial.

345.425  Mode of trial. (1) The defendant shall be informed of his or her right to a jury trial in circuit court on payment of fees required by s. 345.43 (1). (2) If both parties, in a court of record, request a trial by the court or if neither demands a trial by jury, the right to a trial by jury is waived.History:  1971 c. 278; 1977 c. 305; 1977 c. 449 s. 497.
WI Stat § 345.43 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.43 - Jury trial.

345.43  Jury trial. (1) If a case has been transferred under s. 800.035 (5) (c), or if in circuit court either party files a written demand for a jury trial within 10 days after the defendant enters a plea of not guilty under s. 345.34 and immediately pays the fee prescribed in s. 814.61 (4), the court shall place the case on the jury calendar of the circuit court. The number of jurors shall be 6. If no party demands a trial by jury, the right to trial by jury is permanently waived. (3) (a) In counties having a population of 750,000 or more, the jury shall be selected from the circuit court prospective juror list as set forth under chs. 801 to 847. In all other counties, juries shall be selected as provided in par. (b), except that the clerk shall randomly select the names of sufficient persons qualified to serve as jurors as will provide to each party entitled to peremptory challenges 5 peremptory challenges.(b) If a timely demand for a jury is made, the judge shall direct the clerk of the court to select at random from the prospective juror list the names of a sufficient number of prospective jurors, from which list either party may strike 5 names. If either party neglects to strike out names, the clerk shall strike out names for the party. The judge shall permit voir dire examinations and challenges for cause. The clerk shall summon a sufficient number of persons whose names are not struck out, to appear at the time and place named in the summons. (5) In a jury trial of a traffic regulation case, the court is not required to provide the jury with one complete set of written instructions under s. 805.13 (4).History:  1971 c. 278; 1973 c. 218; Sup. Ct. Order, 67 Wis. 2d 585, 773 (1975); 1975 c. 231, 291; 1977 c. 187 s. 135; 1977 c. 305, 318, 447, 449; 1979 c. 32 s. 92 (17); 1979 c. 89, 128; 1981 c. 317; 1985 a. 170; 1987 a. 389; 1991 a. 271, 315; 1995 a. 427; Sup. Ct. Order No. 96-08, 207 Wis. 2d xv (1997); 2009 a. 402; 2017 a. 207 s. 5.The requirement that the defendant prepay jury fees in civil traffic forfeiture actions is constitutional. State v. Graf, 72 Wis. 2d 179, 240 N.W.2d 387 (1976).The 10-day period for a jury demand did not begin at the initial appearance when the accused requested a continuance rather than entering plea under s. 345.34 (1). City of Madison v. Donohoo, 118 Wis. 2d 646, 348 N.W.2d 170 (1984).The provision under this section for a 6, rather than 12, person jury for a speeding violation does not violate Art. I, s. 5, which provides that the right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate. Dane County v. McGrew, 2005 WI 130, 285 Wis. 2d 519, 699 N.W.2d 890, 03-1794.
WI Stat § 345.45 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.45 - Burden of proof.

345.45  Burden of proof. The standard of proof for conviction of any person charged with violation of any traffic regulation shall be evidence that is clear, satisfactory and convincing.History:  1973 c. 218.
WI Stat § 345.46 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.46 - Verdict.

345.46  Verdict. A verdict is valid if agreed to by five-sixths of the jury. If a verdict relates to more than one count, it shall be valid as to any count if any five-sixths of the jury agree thereto. The form of the verdict shall be guilty or not guilty, except where it is necessary to determine speed. The amount of the forfeiture shall be determined by the court after the court makes its finding.History:  1971 c. 278.
WI Stat § 345.48 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.48 - Reporting pending appeal.

345.48  Reporting pending appeal. (1) In this section, “working days" means all days except Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays under s. 995.20. (1m) If the defendant is found guilty the court shall, within 5 working days, forward to the department the record of such conviction. (2) If the defendant is found guilty of a traffic violation for which revocation of his or her operating privilege is mandatory under s. 343.31, or for which the court revokes or suspends his or her operating privilege under s. 343.30, the court may take possession of the suspended or revoked license. If the court takes possession of a license, it shall destroy the license. The revocation or suspension is effective immediately. The court ordered suspension or revocation shall be included as part of the report of conviction under sub. (1m). (4) If notice of appeal is filed the court shall, within 5 working days after it is filed, forward to the department a certificate stating that a notice of appeal has been filed. Thereafter, the court shall notify the department as required under s. 343.325 (1) (b) and (c).History:  1971 c. 278; 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (7) (a); 1983 a. 304; 1985 a. 135 s. 85; Sup. Ct. Order, 146 Wis. 2d xiii (1975); 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 16; 2005 a. 155; 2009 a. 103.
WI Stat § 345.49 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.49 - Procedure on imprisonment; nonpayment of forfeiture, costs, fees, or surcharges.

345.49  Procedure on imprisonment; nonpayment of forfeiture, costs, fees, or surcharges. (1) Any person imprisoned under s. 345.47 for nonpayment of a forfeiture, plus costs, fees, and surcharges imposed under ch. 814, may, on request, be allowed to work under s. 303.08. If the person does work, earnings shall be applied on the unpaid forfeiture, and costs, fees, and surcharges imposed under ch. 814, after payment of personal board and expenses and support of personal dependents to the extent directed by the court. (2) Any person who is subject to imprisonment under s. 345.47 for nonpayment of a forfeiture, plus costs, fees, and surcharges imposed under ch. 814, may be placed on probation to some person satisfactory to the court for not more than 90 days or until the forfeiture, and costs, fees, and surcharges imposed under ch. 814, are paid if that is done before expiration of the 90-day period. The payment of the forfeiture, and costs, fees, and surcharges imposed under ch. 814, during that period shall be a condition of the probation. If the forfeiture, and costs, fees, and surcharges imposed under ch. 814, are not paid or the court deems that the interests of justice require, probation may be terminated and the defendant imprisoned as provided in sub. (1) or s. 345.47.History:  1971 c. 278; 1977 c. 29; 1987 a. 27; 1989 a. 107; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 16; 1997 a. 27, 135, 237; 1999 a. 9; 2001 a. 16; 2003 a. 139.
WI Stat § 345.50 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.50 - Appeal.

345.50  Appeal. (1) Jurisdiction on appeal. An appeal from circuit court shall be to the court of appeals. (2)  Stay of execution. The amount of undertaking required to stay execution on appeal shall not exceed the amount of the maximum forfeiture plus court costs.History:  1971 c. 278; Sup. Ct. Order, 67 Wis. 2d 585, 776 (1975); 1977 c. 187, 305; 1977 c. 449 s. 497.
WI Stat § 345.51 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.51 - Reopening of default judgment.

345.51  Reopening of default judgment. Except as provided in ss. 345.36 and 345.37, there shall be no reopening of default judgments unless allowed by order of the trial court after notice and motion duly made and upon good cause shown. The notice of motion shall be filed within 6 months after the judgment is entered in the court record. Default judgments for purposes of this section include pleas of guilty, no contest and forfeitures of deposit.History:  1971 c. 278; 1973 c. 218; 1983 a. 231; 1995 a. 224.
WI Stat § 345.52 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.52 - No double prosecution.

345.52  No double prosecution. (1) A judgment on the merits in a traffic ordinance action bars any proceeding under a state statute for the same violation. A judgment on the merits in an action under a state statute bars any proceeding under a traffic ordinance enacted in conformity with the state statute for the same violation. (2) The pendency of an action under a traffic ordinance is grounds for staying an action under a state statute for the same violation. The pendency of an action under a state statute is grounds for staying an action under a traffic ordinance enacted in conformity with the state statute for the same violation.History:  1971 c. 278.
WI Stat § 345.53 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.53 - Costs not taxed against plaintiff.

345.53  Costs not taxed against plaintiff. In traffic regulation actions in all courts, costs may not be taxed against the plaintiff.History:  1971 c. 278.
WI Stat § 345.55 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.55 - Traffic officers not to profit from arrests.

345.55  Traffic officers not to profit from arrests. (1) No traffic officer shall demand, solicit, receive or be paid any remuneration upon the basis of number of arrests made, convictions obtained or amount of fines collected. (2) Any person violating this section may be required to forfeit not less than $25 nor more than $200 for the first offense and, for the second and each subsequent conviction within one year thereafter, may be required to forfeit not less than $50 nor more than $500.History:  1971 c. 278 s. 42; Stats. 1971 s. 345.55.Violation of this section does not invalidate otherwise valid citation. State v. Brown, 107 Wis. 2d 44, 318 N.W.2d 370 (1982).
WI Stat § 345.60 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 345 - Vehicles — civil and criminal liability.|345.60 - Penalty of compulsory safety school attendance.

345.60  Penalty of compulsory safety school attendance. (1) Except as provided in sub. (3) and s. 343.31 (2t) (b), in addition to or in lieu of other penalties provided by law for violation of chs. 346 to 348, the trial court may in its judgment of conviction order the convicted person to attend, for a certain number of school days, a traffic safety school whose course and mode of instruction is approved by the secretary and which is conducted by the police department of the municipality, by the sheriff's office of the county, by an accredited institution of higher education operated by a federally recognized American Indian tribe or band in this state, or by any regularly established safety organization. The trial court may not order a person to attend a traffic safety school under this subsection if the department is required to order that the person attend a vehicle right-of-way course under s. 343.31 (2t) (b). (2) This section also applies in the case of an adjudication of violation of a local traffic regulation which is in conformity with chs. 346 to 348. (3) In addition to other penalties provided by law for violation of s. 346.63 (1) or a local ordinance in conformity therewith, or s. 346.63 (2) or 940.25, or s. 940.09 where the offense involved the use of a vehicle, the convicted person may be required under s. 343.30 (1q) to attend, for a certain number of school days, a school under sub. (1).History:  1971 c. 278 s. 45; Stats. 1971 s. 345.60; 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (7) (c); 1977 c. 193; 1981 c. 20; 1985 a. 337; 1987 a. 3; 2005 a. 466; 2011 a. 173; 2013 a. 246.
WI Stat § 346.01 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 346 - Rules of the road.|346.01 - Words and phrases defined.

346.01  Words and phrases defined. (1) Words and phrases defined in s. 340.01 are used in the same sense in this chapter unless a different definition is specifically provided. (1m) In this chapter, in addition to the meaning given in s. 340.01 (22), “highway" includes a private road or driveway that is subject to an agreement for traffic regulation enforcement under s. 349.03 (5). (2) In this chapter, notwithstanding s. 340.01 (42), “owner" means, with respect to a vehicle that is registered, or is required to be registered, by a lessee of the vehicle under ch. 341, the lessee of the vehicle for purposes of vehicle owner liability under ss. 346.175, 346.195, 346.205, 346.452, 346.457, 346.465, 346.485, 346.505 (3), 346.675, and 346.945.History:  1997 a. 27; 2003 a. 209; 2005 a. 411; 2009 a. 129.
WI Stat § 346.06 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 346 - Rules of the road.|346.06 - Meeting of vehicles.

346.06  Meeting of vehicles. Operators of vehicles proceeding in opposite directions shall pass each other to the right, and upon roadways having width for not more than one line of traffic in each direction each operator shall give to the other at least one-half of the main traveled portion of the roadway as nearly as possible.
WI Stat § 346.07 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 346 - Rules of the road.|346.07 - Overtaking and passing on the left.

346.07  Overtaking and passing on the left. The following rules govern the overtaking and passing of vehicles proceeding in the same direction, subject to those limitations, exceptions and special rules stated in ss. 346.075 (2) and 346.08 to 346.11: (2) The operator of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left thereof at a safe distance and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle. (3) Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the operator of an overtaken vehicle shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle and shall not increase the speed of the vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.History:  1971 c. 208; 1985 a. 301 s. 4; 1991 a. 316; 1997 a. 32; 2013 a. 365.
WI Stat § 346.072 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 346 - Rules of the road.|346.072 - Passing stopped emergency or roadside service vehicles.

346.072  Passing stopped emergency or roadside service vehicles. (1g) In this section, “emergency or roadside service vehicle" means any of the following:(a) An authorized emergency vehicle giving visual signal.(b) A tow truck flashing red lamps, as required by s. 347.26 (6) (b).(c) Any road machinery or motor vehicle used in highway construction or maintenance displaying the lights specified in s. 347.23 (1) (a) or (b) or, with respect to a motor vehicle, displaying the lights specified in s. 347.26 (7).(d) Any vehicle of a public utility, telecommunications carrier, or cooperative association described in s. 347.26 (9) displaying one or more flashing amber lamps as provided in s. 347.26 (9).  (1m) If an emergency or roadside service vehicle is parked or standing on or within 12 feet of a roadway, the operator of a motor vehicle approaching the emergency or roadside service vehicle shall proceed with due regard for all other traffic and shall do either of the following:(a) Move the motor vehicle into a lane that is not the lane nearest the parked or standing emergency or roadside service vehicle and continue traveling in that lane until safely clear of the emergency or roadside service vehicle. This paragraph applies only if the roadway has at least two lanes for traffic proceeding in the direction of the approaching motor vehicle and if the approaching motor vehicle may change lanes safely and without interfering with any vehicular traffic.(b) Slow the motor vehicle, maintaining a safe speed for traffic conditions, and operate the motor vehicle at a reduced speed until completely past the emergency or roadside service vehicle. This paragraph applies only if the roadway has only one lane for traffic proceeding in the direction of the approaching motor vehicle or if the approaching motor vehicle may not change lanes safely and without interfering with any vehicular traffic. (2) In addition to any penalty imposed under s. 346.17 (2), any person violating this section shall have his or her operating privilege suspended as provided in s. 343.30 (1o).History:  2001 a. 15; 2013 a. 291.
WI Stat § 346.075 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 346 - Rules of the road.|346.075 - Overtaking certain vehicles and devices.

346.075  Overtaking certain vehicles and devices. (1) The operator of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device proceeding in the same direction shall exercise due care, leaving a safe distance, but in no case less than 3 feet clearance when passing the bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device, and shall maintain clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device. (2) Except as provided in s. 346.48, if the operator of a motor vehicle overtakes a motor bus which is stopped at an intersection on the right side of the roadway and is receiving or discharging passengers, the operator shall pass at a safe distance to the left of the motor bus and shall not turn to the right in front of the motor bus at that intersection.History:  1973 c. 182; 1977 c. 208; 1985 a. 301; 2001 a. 90; 2019 a. 11.
WI Stat § 346.08 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 346 - Rules of the road.|346.08 - When overtaking and passing on the right permitted.

346.08  When overtaking and passing on the right permitted. The operator of a vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle upon the right only under conditions permitting the movement in safety and only if the operator can do so while remaining on either the roadway or a paved shoulder, and then only under the following conditions: (1) When the vehicle overtaken is making or about to make a left turn or U-turn; or (2) Upon a street or highway with unobstructed pavement of sufficient width to enable 2 or more lines of vehicles lawfully to proceed, at the same time, in the direction in which the passing vehicle is proceeding; or (3) Upon a one-way street or divided highway with unobstructed pavement of sufficient width to enable 2 or more lines of vehicles lawfully to proceed in the same direction at the same time.History:  1991 a. 316; 2009 a. 97.
WI Stat § 346.09 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 346 - Rules of the road.|346.09 - Limitations on overtaking on left or driving on left side of roadway.

346.09  Limitations on overtaking on left or driving on left side of roadway. (1) Upon any roadway where traffic is permitted to move in both directions simultaneously, the operator of a vehicle shall not drive to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless such left side is clearly visible and is free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking and passing to be done in safety. In no case when overtaking and passing on a roadway divided into 4 or more clearly indicated lanes shall the operator of a vehicle drive to the left of the pavement marking indicating allocation of lanes to vehicles moving in the opposite direction or, in the absence of such pavement marking, to the left of the center of the roadway. Except as provided in sub. (3) (b) and s. 346.05 (1) (g), in no case shall the operator of a vehicle drive in a lane when signs or signals indicate that such lane is allocated exclusively to vehicles moving in the opposite direction. (2) Upon any roadway where traffic is permitted to move in both directions simultaneously, the operator of a vehicle shall not drive on the left side of the center of the roadway upon any part of a grade or upon a curve in the roadway where the operator's view is obstructed for such a distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle might approach from the opposite direction. (3) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), the operator of a vehicle shall not drive on the left side of the center of a roadway on any portion thereof which has been designated a no-passing zone, either by signs or by a yellow unbroken line on the pavement on the right-hand side of and adjacent to the center line of the roadway, provided such signs or lines would be clearly visible to an ordinarily observant person.(b) The operator of a vehicle may drive on the left side of the center of a roadway on any portion thereof which has been designated a no-passing zone, as described in par. (a), to overtake and pass, with care, any vehicle, except an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle, traveling at a speed less than half of the applicable speed limit at the place of passing. (4) Other provisions of this section notwithstanding, the operator of a vehicle may not overtake and pass on the left any other vehicle which, by means of signals as required by s. 346.34 (1), indicates its intention to make a left turn or U-turn.History:  2009 a. 97; 2011 a. 73; 2013 a. 377; 2015 a. 124.