reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY Agric & Mkts L § 43 (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 3 - Investigation; Practice and Procedure; Violations; Penalties. 43 - Evidence.

§ 43. Evidence.    The  doing  of  anything prohibited by this chapter   shall be evidence of the violation of the  provisions  of  this  chapter   relating  to  the  thing  so prohibited, and the omission to do anything   directed to be done shall be evidence of a violation of  the  provisions   of  the chapter relative to the thing so directed to be done. The intent   of any person doing or omitting to do any such act is immaterial in  any   prosecution  for  a  violation  of  the provisions of this chapter.  Any   person who suffers, permits or allows any violation of the provisions of   this chapter in any room or building  occupied  or  controlled  by  him,   shall be guilty of such violation and liable accordingly. Any person who   shall  keep, store or display any article or product, the manufacture or   sale of which is prohibited or regulated by  this  chapter,  with  other   merchandise  or  stock in his place of business, shall be deemed to have   the same in his possession for sale.Every certificate, duly signed and acknowledged, of a chemist, analyst   or  other  expert  employed  by  the  commissioner  or   any   analysis,   examination  or  investigation  made  by such analyst, chemist or expert   with respect to  any  matter  or  product  which  the  commissioner  has   authority  to  examine  or  cause  to  be examined, shall be presumptive   evidence of the facts therein stated.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 44 (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 3 - Investigation; Practice and Procedure; Violations; Penalties. 44 - Prosecution for Penalties.

§ 44. Prosecution  for penalties.   1. Whenever the commissioner shall   know or have reason to believe that any penalty has been incurred by any   person for a violation of any of the provisions of this chapter,  or  of   any other law the enforcement of which is within the jurisdiction of the   department,  or of the rules of the department, or that any sum has been   forfeited by reason of any such violation, the commissioner  may  report   the  facts to the attorney general who may cause an action or proceeding   to be brought in the name of the people for the recovery  of  the  same.   Such  action may be brought in the county where the defendant resides or   the violation, or any part thereof, occurred.2. In an action for a penalty or forfeiture incurred by reason of  the   violation  of  the  provisions  of this chapter, or of any other law the   enforcement of which is within the jurisdiction of the department, or of   the rules of the department, when the complaint charges a  violation  of   any two or more of such provisions, the plaintiff shall not be compelled   to elect between the counts under such different provisions but shall be   entitled  to  recover  if  it  is  found that a violation of any of such   provisions has been committed for  which  a  penalty  or  forfeiture  is   imposed.3.  If  the  defendant  in  such an action shall prove that during any   portion of the time for which it  is  sought  to  recover  penalties  or   forfeitures  for  a  violation of a rule or order of the department, the   defendant was actually and in good faith prosecuting a suit,  action  or   proceeding before the department or in the courts to set aside such rule   or  order,  the  court shall remit the penalties or forfeitures incurred   during the pendency of such action or proceeding.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 45 (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 3 - Investigation; Practice and Procedure; Violations; Penalties. 45 - Disposal of Fines and Moneys Recovered.

§ 45. Disposal  of  fines  and moneys recovered.   Except as otherwise   provided in  this  chapter,  all  moneys  recovered,  either  as  fines,   penalties,  forfeitures  or  otherwise,  for the violation of any of the   provisions of this chapter, or of any other law the enforcement of which   is within the jurisdiction of the department, or of  the  rules  of  the   department,  and  all  bail  forfeited  by  persons  charged  with  such   violations, shall be the property of the state. Moneys so  recovered  by   town  justices shall be paid to the state comptroller in accordance with   the provisions of section twenty-seven of the town  law  and  moneys  so   recovered  by village justices shall be paid to the state comptroller in   accordance with the provisions of section 4-410 of the village law.  The   same  disposal shall be made of all moneys recovered upon any bond given   by any officer by virtue of the provisions of  this  chapter.  Provided,   however,   that  any  such  moneys  collected  as  fines,  penalties  or   forfeitures as a result of a prosecution for a violation of any  of  the   provisions of article sixteen and sixteen-a of this chapter and all bail   forfeited  by persons charged with such violations shall be the property   of the county or city, as the case may be, in which the alleged  offense   was  prosecuted  and  shall  be  paid to the treasurer, or corresponding   fiscal officer, of such county or city, except that any such moneys  and   any  such bail forfeitures, collected by the town justices or by village   justices shall be paid to  the  state  comptroller  in  accordance  with   section  twenty-seven  of  the town law and section 4-410 of the village   law, respectively.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 45-A (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 3 - Investigation; Practice and Procedure; Violations; Penalties. 45-A - Refunds.

§ 45-a. Refunds.    1.  Moneys heretofore or hereafter received by the   department pursuant to this  chapter  may,  within  one  year  from  the   receipt  thereof,  be  refunded to the party for whose account same were   received, on proof satisfactory to the commissioner that:a. Such moneys were in excess of the amount required by law.b. The license for which application was made has been refused by  the   commissioner.c.  Such moneys were received as payment for services or materials and   such services have not been rendered or such materials furnished.d. Such moneys were received as rental  or  concession  fees  and  the   applicant  for such concession or lease has, by acts or omissions of the   department, been deprived of the use of the leased premises or has  been   prevented from operation of the concession for the whole or a portion of   the  term of such lease or concession agreement; provided, however, that   no such refund shall be for a greater proportion of the total rental  or   concession  fee  than the period of such loss of use bears to the period   of such lease or concession agreement.2. Such refunds shall, upon approval by  the  commissioner  and  after   audit  by the comptroller, be paid from any moneys in the custody of the   department received as  license  fees,  sales  of  materials,  fees  for   services or for rentals, or fees for grants of concessions.3.  Whenever  any person, firm, corporation or cooperative association   has filed with the commissioner any surety bond or  other  security  and   fails  to  perform the conditions for which such surety bond or security   was pledged, the commissioner  may,  after  audit  by  the  comptroller,   distribute  any  proceeds  therefrom  in  the  manner  provided  by this   chapter.4. When the conditions under which any security (other than  a  surety   bond)  filed  with  the  commissioner  have  been  fully discharged, the   commissioner may return such security to the  person  filing  the  same,   together with any interest or income which may have accrued thereon; and   the  commissioner  may  also,  from  time to time and after audit by the   comptroller, pay to the depositor any intermediate  interest  or  income   accruing from such security.5. Nothing contained in this section shall in any way supersede, alter   or amend the provisions of section thirty-one-c of this chapter.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 45-B (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 3 - Investigation; Practice and Procedure; Violations; Penalties. 45-B - Unauthorized Possession, Sale, or Exchange of Food Order Stamps Issued Under Food Stamp Plan.

§ 45-b. Unauthorized  possession,  sale,  or  exchange  of  food order   stamps issued under food stamp plan.  Any person, other  than  a  person   authorized by the regulations and conditions prescribed by the secretary   of  agriculture  of the United States governing the food stamp plan, who   shall have in his possession, or who shall purchase sell or exchange any   food stamps, books, book covers or any other  instruments  or  documents   relating  to food stamps, for money or for any article or articles other   than those foods authorized by the regulations and conditions prescribed   by the secretary of agriculture of the United States governing the  food   stamp  plan, or for food the value of which is less than the face amount   of such food stamps,  or  in  any  other  manner  in  violation  of  the   regulations and conditions prescribed by the secretary of agriculture of   the  United  States  governing the food stamp plan, shall be guilty of a   misdemeanor.  As  used  herein,  the  word  "person"  shall   mean   any   individual,  partnership,  corporation,  or  association, whether or not   such individual, partnership, corporation or association is eligible  to   participate or is participating in the food stamp plan.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 45-C (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 3 - Investigation; Practice and Procedure; Violations; Penalties. 45-C - Misuse of Food Commodities Donated by the United States.

§ 45-c. Misuse  of food commodities donated by the United States.  Any   person  who  shall  wilfully  sell  or  make  any   other   unauthorized   disposition  of  any  food  commodity  donated  under any program of the   United States government or whoever, not being an  authorized  recipient   thereof,  willfully  converts  to  his  own use or benefit any such food   commodity shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 46 (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 4 - Dairy Products. 46 - Declaration of Policy.

§ 46. Declaration  of  policy.    It is hereby declared that the dairy   industry is a paramount  industry  of  the  state  and  the  production,   processing, packaging, distribution and sale of milk products has become   an  enterprise  of  vast  economic  importance to the state and of vital   importance to the consuming public of the state,  and  which  should  be   encouraged  and  promoted in the public interest. It is further declared   that milk and milk products have long been  accepted  by  the  consuming   public  as  wholesome  and nutritious articles of food. Advances in food   technology have resulted in the development of a variety of products for   similar usage including dairy  foods  with  different  composition  than   products  now  defined  as well as products made with vegetable oils and   proteins from sources other than  dairy  products,  products  which  are   similar  in  appearance, odor, or taste to dairy products, and which are   difficult to differentiate from dairy products. It is  further  declared   to  be in the interest of the dairy industry and the consuming public to   promote and  encourage  the  development  of  new  and  different  dairy   products  with varying proportions of fat, solids and other ingredients,   including wholesome ingredients not now permitted in dairy products  but   which  may  be  used without restriction in non-dairy products which are   similar in appearance, odor or taste  to  dairy  products.  It  is  also   declared to be in the interest of the dairy industry and particularly in   the  interest  of  the  consuming  public,  that  to  the fullest extent   possible, there be uniformity of definitions and standards for milk  and   milk  products and in the labeling of milk and milk products between the   various states to the end that there may be free movement  of  milk  and   milk   products  between  states,  and  further  to  the  end  that  the   inefficiency, needless expense, and confusion caused by  differences  in   products  sold  under  the  same  name,  and  differences in labeling of   identical products may be eliminated.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 46-A (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 4 - Dairy Products. 46-A - Regulations.

§ 46-a. Regulations.  The  commissioner  shall,  after public hearing,   promulgate definitions and standards for milk and milk products, and for   products other than milk and milk products, which products  are  similar   in  appearance,  odor  or taste to milk and milk products, together with   rules and regulations  for  the  packaging  and  labeling  of  all  such   products,  and other conditions relating to the manufacture, processing,   packaging,  distribution  and  sale  of  all  such  products   including   sanitation    pertaining    to    manufacture,   processing,   handling,   distribution,   surroundings,   grounds,   equipment,   personnel    and   pasteurization  of  such  products.  Such regulations shall apply to all   sources including farms where such milk is produced. A copy of all  such   rules  and  regulations  governing  sanitation  shall be provided to the   state commissioner of health fifteen days prior to the  public  hearing.   The   commissioner   is   further  empowered  to  promulgate  rules  and   regulations by which milk may be standardized, including the  plants  at   which   such   standardization   may   be  done  and  may  provide  that   standardization may be done only at plants which are duly  licensed  and   specifically    approved   by   the   commissioner   to   perform   such   standardization.  The  commissioner  may  provide  in  such  rules   and   regulations   for   different   standards   and  labeling  for  products   manufactured within the state and sold out of state.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 47 (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 4 - Dairy Products. 47 - Care and Feed of Cows, and Care and Keeping of Milk.

§ 47. Care  and feed of cows, and care and keeping of milk.  No person   shall keep cows, for the production of milk for market or  for  sale  or   exchange,  or for manufacturing the milk or cream from the same into any   article of food, in a crowded or unhealthy condition or  in  unhealthful   or  unsanitary  surroundings  and  no person shall keep such cows or the   product therefrom in such condition or surroundings or in such places as   shall cause or tend to cause the produce from such  cows  to  be  in  an   unclean,  unhealthful  or  diseased  condition, if the produce from such   cows is to be sold, offered or exposed for sale  upon  the  markets  for   consumption  or to be manufactured into any food product, nor shall such   cows or the produce therefrom be handled or  cared  for  by  any  person   suffering  with  or affected by an infectious or contagious disease, nor   shall any such cows be fed on any  substance  that  is  in  a  state  of   putrefaction  or  fermentation,  or upon any food that is unhealthful or   that  produces  or  may  produce  impure,   unhealthful,   diseased   or   unwholesome  milk.  But  this section shall not be construed to prohibit   the feeding of ensilage.No person having milk in his possession for the purpose of selling the   same for consumption as such or for manufacturing the same into  butter,   cheese,  evaporated  or condensed milk or other food shall keep the same   in utensils, cans, vessels, rooms or buildings that are unclean or  have   insanitary  surroundings or drainage or in any condition whatsoever that   would tend to produce or promote conditions favorable to unhealthfulness   or disease. The commissioner shall notify  all  persons  violating  this   section  to clean said utensils, cans, vessels, rooms or buildings or to   so improve the sanitary conditions that the  foregoing  provisions  will   not  be violated; and if such notice is complied with within ten days no   presecution, civil or criminal, for a violation of this section shall be   instituted.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 47-A (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 4 - Dairy Products. 47-A - Regulating the Handling and Sale of Products Made From Recovered Milk Fat and Solids.

§ 47-a. Regulating  the  handling  and  sale  of  products  made  from recovered milk fat and solids. Notwithstanding any other  provisions  of this  chapter,  it  shall  not be unlawful to recover milk fat and other milk solids  (a) from mixtures of milk and potable water produced in the  operation of high-temperature short-time pasteurizers or  (b)  from  rinsings or drippings recovered from cans or equipment used in the handling of milk and milk products,  provided  such  rinsings  or drippings do not contain excessive foreign substance, or  (c) from whey or to use such fat and such other milk solids in  (1)  products  in the manufacture of which milk fat, other milk solids and water are permitted ingredients, or  (2) in the manufacture of  butter  and  skimmed  milk  powder  (nonfat dry-milk solids).   The  commissioner  is  hereby  authorized  to  promulgate  regulations governing the handling, manufacturing and marketing  of  such  mixtures, rinsings,  drippings  and  whey and the products made therefrom, and may prescribe standards for such products.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 48 (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 4 - Dairy Products. 48 - Receptacles to Be Cleansed Before Returning; Receptacles May Be Seized; Evidence; Violation.

§ 48. Receptacles  to be cleansed before returning; receptacles may be   seized; evidence; violation. Whenever any can or receptacle is used  for   transporting  or conveying milk, cream or curd to market for the purpose   of selling or furnishing the same for consumption as human food, or  for   manufacturing into human food, which can or receptacle, when emptied, is   returned or intended to be returned to the person so selling, furnishing   or  shipping such substance to be again thus used, or which is liable to   continued use in so transporting, conveying, selling  or  shipping  such   substance as aforesaid, the consumer, dealer or consignee using, selling   or receiving the milk, cream or curd from such can or receptacle, shall,   before so returning such can or receptacle remove all substances foreign   to  milk  therefrom,  by  rinsing with water or otherwise. When any such   milk, cream or curd is sold within any city of  this  state  or  shipped   into  any  such  city,  the fact of such shipment or sale shall be prima   facie evidence that the same was so shipped or sold for  consumption  as   human  food  or to be manufactured into human food. When any such can or   receptacle is returned or delivered or shipped to any person or creamery   so selling such substance within, or shipping the same into  such  city,   it  shall  be  deemed  that  such  can  or  receptacle is liable to such   continued use in so selling  or  shipping  such  substance  therein  for   consumption  as  human  food  within  the  meaning  and purposes of this   article. No person shall place or suffer to be placed in any such can or   receptacle any sweepings, refuse, dirt, litter, garbage,  filth  or  any   other  animal  or  vegetable  substance, nor shall any such consignee or   other person through himself, his agent or employee, bring or deliver to   any person or railroad or other conveyance any such  can  or  receptacle   for  the  purpose  of  such  return,  or  any milk, cream or curd can or   receptacle for the purpose of delivery or  shipment  to  any  person  or   creamery   engaged  in  so  selling  or  shipping  such  substances  for   consumption as human food, which can or receptacle contains such foreign   substance or which has not been rinsed  as  herein  provided.  The  word   "curd"  as used in this article applies to the substance otherwise known   as "pot cheese" or "cottage cheese." Whenever any such can or receptacle   is used, returned, delivered or shipped in  violation  of  this  article   every  such  use,  return,  delivery  or  shipment  of  each such can or   receptacle shall be deemed a separate violation thereof.  Such  cans  or   receptacles so used, returned, delivered or shipped in violation of this   article  may be seized by the commissioner, his assistants or agents and   held as evidence of such violation.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 49 (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 4 - Dairy Products. 49 - Insanitary Cans and Receptacles Condemned.

§ 49. Insanitary  cans  and  receptacles  condemned.    All  cans,  or   receptacles used in the sale of milk, cream or curd for consumption,  or   in  transporting  or shipping the same to market or the delivery thereof   to  purchasers  for  consumption  as  human  food,  when  found  by  the   commissioner  or his assistants or agents to be in unfit condition to be   so used by reason of being worn out, badly rusted, or with rusted inside   surface, or unclean or insanitary or in such condition that they can not   be rendered clean and sanitary by washing, and will tend to  produce  or   promote  in  milk,  cream  or  curd when contained therein, bad flavors,   unclean  or  unwholesome  conditions  favorable  to  unhealthfulness  or   disease,  shall  be  condemned  by the commissioner or his assistants or   agents. Every such can or receptacle when so condemned shall  be  marked   by  a stamp, impression or device, designed by the commissioner, showing   that it  has  been  so  condemned,  and  when  so  condemned  shall  not   thereafter  be  used  by  any  person  for  the  purpose  of so selling,   transporting or shipping milk, cream or curd.
NY Agric & Mkts L § 50-E (2021)
2021 New York Laws AGM - Agriculture and Markets Article 4 - Dairy Products. 50-E - Legislative Finding and Declaration of Policy.

§ 50-e. Legislative  finding  and declaration of policy.  It is hereby   declared that cream, half and half, milk and mixtures of milk and  cream   have long been accepted by the consuming public; recognized as wholesome   and  nutritious  articles  of  food,  and  their  composition  generally   understood by consumers.Advances in food technology have resulted  in  the  development  of  a   variety  of  products  for  similar usage including dairy foods of lower   butterfat and blends made with vegetable oils  and  with  proteins  from   sources  other  than  dairy  products;  products which are so similar in   appearance, odor and taste that they are difficult to differentiate from   dairy products. It is further declared to be the purpose of this article   to promote honesty and fair dealing in the  interest  of  consumers,  to   insure  fair competition with a highly regulated dairy industry which is   of considerable economic importance to the economy of the state  and  to   prevent   confusion   and  deception  in  the  sale  of  such  foods  by   establishing definitions and standards of identity for such  foods,  and   by  providing  for rules and regulations which will effect their orderly   marketing and insure similar sanitary standards.It is the further intent of the legislature, in view of the well known   nutritional qualities of whole milk (including  standardized  milk)  and   other  dairy  products that the burden of proof of nutritional claims of   products offered for sale to consumers which have the  appearance,  odor   and  taste  of  whole  milk (including standardized milk) or other dairy   products is placed on the persons or corporations offering  the  product   or products for sale to consumers.