reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY Real Prop Actions L § 202-A (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 2 - General Provisions Governing Real Property Actions 202-A - Pleading Interest of a City.

§  202-a. Pleading interest of a city. Where a city or any department,   bureau, board, commission, officer, agency or instrumentality thereof is   a defendant in an action affecting real property,  the  complaint  shall   set forth:1.  Detailed facts showing the particular nature of the interest in or   lien on the real  property  and  the  reason  for  making  such  city  a   party-defendant.2.  If the lien exists by virtue of a judgment, the name of the court,   date recorded, clerk's office in which filed, the names of  the  parties   against  whom and in whose favor such judgment was recovered and a brief   description of the grounds for or the nature of such judgment.3. If the lien exists by virtue of a provision of  law  other  than  a   judgment, the provision of law under which said lien is created.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 203 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 2 - General Provisions Governing Real Property Actions 203 - Judgment in Action Adversely Affecting the Title, Interest or Claim of the State Based Upon Tax Deed.

§  203.  Judgment in action adversely affecting the title, interest or   claim of the state based upon tax deed.  In  any  action  affecting  the   title,  or  the  possession, enjoyment or use of, real property in which   one of the parties is the state, any judgment that may adversely  affect   the  title,  interest  or claim of the state based upon a tax deed shall   provide in effect as follows:1. That the state shall have a lien upon such real  property  or  part   thereof  described  in  such  tax  deed, prior and superior to all other   liens, (a) for the amount of the unpaid taxes not  adjudged  illegal  in   such  action  for which such real property was sold or liable to be sold   in the first instance and for which such tax deed was  issued,  together   with  fees, charges and interest; (b) for the amount of the unpaid taxes   not adjudged illegal in such action for which  such  real  property  was   subsequently  sold or liable to be sold, together with fees, charges and   interest; (c) for the amount of all taxes, fees and charges admitted  or   paid  by  the  state upon such real property to the date of the entry of   such judgment, together with interest thereon  from  the  date  of  such   admission  or  payment. In the determination of the amount of such lien,   establishment of payments of taxes on said real property by the adjudged   or admitted owner of the property during any of the same years in  which   payments  were also made by the state shall reduce the lien of the state   by the larger of the two tax payments for each of the years affected  by   duplicate payments, and in the event that wholly identical areas are not   affected  by  the  duplicate  payments  the  court  shall  have power to   apportion and adjust the amount of the lien as equity may require.2. That the state may foreclose  such  lien  as  a  mortgage  on  real   property  is  foreclosed,  provided  such  lien remains unpaid after the   expiration of one year from the entry of such judgment.The remedy provided by this section for recovery of tax payments shall   be in addition to any other remedy now or hereafter available in law  or   in equity.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 211 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 2 - General Provisions Governing Real Property Actions 211 - Prevention of Waste or Damage During Pendency.

§  211.  Prevention of waste or damage during pendency. If, during the   pendency of an action to recover a judgment affecting the title  to,  or   the  possession,  use  or  enjoyment  of, real property, a party commits   waste upon, or does any other damage to, the  property  in  controversy,   the  court  may  grant, without notice or security, an order restraining   him from the commission of any further  waste  upon  or  damage  to  the   property. Disobedience to such an order may be punished as a contempt of   the  court.  This  section  does  not affect the right to a permanent or   temporary injunction in such an action.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 221 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 2 - General Provisions Governing Real Property Actions 221 - Compelling Delivery of Possession of Real Property.

§  221.  Compelling  delivery  of possession of real property. Where a   judgment affecting the title to, or the possession, enjoyment or use of,   real property allots to any person a distinct parcel of  real  property,   or  contains a direction for the sale of real property, or confirms such   an allotment or sale, it also may direct the delivery of the  possession   of  the  property  to the person entitled thereto, subject to the rights   and obligations set forth in  section  thirteen  hundred  five  of  this   chapter.If  a  party,  or his representative or successor, who is bound by the   judgment, withholds possession from  the  person  thus  declared  to  be   entitled  thereto,  the  court,  by  order,  in  its discretion, besides   punishing the disobedience as a contempt, may require the sheriff to put   that person into possession. Such an order shall be executed  as  if  it   were an execution for the delivery of the possession of the property.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 232 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 2 - General Provisions Governing Real Property Actions 232 - Purchases by Certain Officers Prohibited; Penalty.

§  232.  Purchases by certain officers prohibited; penalty. No officer   making a sale as prescribed in section 231, or  guardian  of  an  infant   party,  or  any  person  for  his benefit, directly or indirectly, shall   purchase or be interested in the purchase of any of the  property  sold;   except  that  a  guardian, where he is lawfully authorized to do so, may   purchase for the benefit or in behalf of his ward. The violation of this   section is a misdemeanor; and a purchase made contrary to  this  section   is void.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 241 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 2 - General Provisions Governing Real Property Actions 241 - Persons Bound by Judgment in Certain Actions.

§  241.  Persons  bound  by  judgment in certain actions. In an action   brought to recover a judgment affecting the title to, or the possession,   use or enjoyment of, real property, all the proceedings and the judgment   shall bind, in addition to the persons who are bound by the filing of  a   notice  of  pendency  of  the  action  pursuant to law, all persons born   between the filing of the notice of pendency and the entry  of  judgment   who  would  have  been  bound  by  such  proceedings  if born after such   judgment.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 301 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 3 - Provisions Relating to Evidence 301 - Conveyance and Record as Evidence.

§  301.  Conveyance and record as evidence.  1. The certificate of the   acknowledgment or of the proof of a conveyance, or the  record,  or  the   transcript  of  the record, of such a conveyance, is not conclusive, and   it may be rebutted, and the effect thereof may be contested, by a  party   affected thereby.2.  If  it appears that the acknowledgment or proof was taken upon the   oath of an interested or incompetent witness,  the  conveyance,  or  the   record  or  transcript  of  the record thereof, shall not be received in   evidence until its execution is established by  other  competent  proof,   except  in  a  case  where the title to the land conveyed or affected by   such conveyance or instrument has passed to a subsequent purchaser for a   valuable consideration.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 311 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 3 - Provisions Relating to Evidence 311 - Presumption of Possession From Legal Title.

§  311.  Presumption  of  possession from legal title. In an action to   recover  real  property  or  the  possession  thereof,  the  person  who   establishes  a  legal  title  to  the  premises is presumed to have been   possessed thereof within the time required by law; and the occupation of   the premises by another person is deemed  to  have  been  under  and  in   subordination  to the legal title unless the premises have been held and   possessed adversely  to  the  legal  title  for  ten  years  before  the   commencement of the action.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 321 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 3 - Provisions Relating to Evidence 321 - Proof of Ownership of Unoccupied Lands and Timber Thereon.

§  321. Proof of ownership of unoccupied lands and timber thereon.  In   all actions to recover the possession of, or otherwise to determine  the   title  to,  or for trespass upon or injury to, unoccupied lands, timber,   trees,  or  underwood  thereon,  any  party  seeking  such  recovery  or   determination  may  show an unbroken chain of title for twenty years, or   conveyance of the land to himself more than twenty years next  preceding   the  commencement  of  the  action  or  the  assertion of the defense or   counterclaim except in actions for trespass, and in actions for trespass   for twenty years next  preceding  the  commission  of  the  trespass  or   injury, and such proof shall be presumptive evidence of ownership at the   times  respectively  of  the commencement of such action or assertion of   the defense or counterclaim or commission of such  trespass  or  injury.   Such  presumption  may  be  rebutted  by  any other or opposing party by   showing ownership of said  lands,  at  the  times  respectively  of  the   commencement  of the action or the commission of the trespass or injury,   in some person other than the party claiming ownership by virtue of such   presumption. In any such action wherein the state, or any county or  any   state  officer,  board  or  commission  shall  be  a  party, evidence as   aforesaid shall not be deemed to create any presumption of ownership  as   against said designated parties.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 331 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 3 - Provisions Relating to Evidence 331 - Proof of Lost Execution or Writ After Sheriff's Sale of Real Property.

§  331.  Proof  of lost execution or writ after sheriff's sale of real   property.  Whenever, upon the trial of an action, it shall  appear  that   at  least ten years theretofore real property has been sold by a sheriff   for enforcement of the valid lien thereon of a duly  docketed  judgment,   and that a certificate of the sale has been duly made by the sheriff and   filed,  and  that  a  conveyance  in completion of the purchase has been   executed and recorded, but that the execution or writ by virtue of which   the sale has so been made cannot be found in the  office  of  the  clerk   with  whom  the  same  should have been filed, then and in such case the   recital of or reference to such execution or writ contained in the  said   certificate,  or in the said conveyance, or in the record thereof, shall   be prima facie evidence of  the  said  execution  or  writ  and  of  the   issuance  of  the  same as against any party whose claim of title is not   shown to have been accompanied or supported by peaceable  possession  of   the  premises  in  controversy  for  at  least  three  years immediately   preceding the commencement of the action.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 341 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 3 - Provisions Relating to Evidence 341 - Recitals as to Heirships in Conveyances.

§  341.  Recitals  as  to  heirships in conveyances. Hereafter, in any   special proceeding or action in any of the courts  of  this  state,  any   deed,  mortgage,  lease,  release, power of attorney or other instrument   more than ten years old, executed for the purpose  of  transferring  the   title  to  or  interest  in  lands,  tenements or hereditaments situated   within this state, which contains recitals that the grantors,  grantees,   or  either,  or both, are the heirs at law of a prior owner of the title   or interest described in said instrument, or a survivor of a tenancy  by   the  entirety  or  joint  tenancy, shall be presumptive evidence of said   heirship,  or  of  such  survivorship,  as  therein  recited,  if   such   instrument  be  duly  acknowledged or witnessed and proved in any manner   required or permitted at the date of the execution thereof, and be  duly   recorded  in  any  county  where any part of the lands described therein   shall be located, or duly recorded in the office  of  the  secretary  of   state of the state of New York.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 342 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 3 - Provisions Relating to Evidence 342 - Recitals in Judgments Affecting Title to Real Property as Evidence.

§  342.  Recitals  in  judgments  affecting  title to real property as   evidence. In any action or special proceeding in any of  the  courts  of   this  state, a judgment, decree or order of any court of record, or made   by a judge of any court of record in this state, in any action affecting   the title of real property, which contains recitals that any  acts  were   done  or  proceedings  had which were necessary to give to such court or   judge jurisdiction or power to grant such  judgment,  decree  or  order,   shall  be  presumptive  evidence  that  such acts were duly performed or   proceedings duly had, if such judgment, decree or order shall have  been   duly  entered or filed in the office of the clerk of the county in which   the action or special proceeding  was  pending  wherein  such  judgment,   decree or order was granted.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 351 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 3 - Provisions Relating to Evidence 351 - Evidence as to Common Lands in the City of New York.

§  351.  Evidence  as  to common lands in the city of New York. In any   action or special proceeding involving a question as to the situs of any   lot of the common lands, so-called, in the city of New York,  the  court   may, upon the offer of any party, receive in evidence any evidence which   was  received  in the action heretofore prosecuted in the superior court   of the city of New York, by Russell  D.  Miner,  and  continued  by  the   personal representatives of the same Russell D. Miner, deceased, against   the  city  of  New  York, or in the action in such court between certain   heirs at law of the same Russell D. Miner, deceased, and  Jacob  Scholle   and  others,  and  also  the  deposition  of  Isaac T. Ludlam, deceased,   verified before E. Henry Lacombe, as referee, upon the fourteenth day of   November, eighteen hundred seventy-eight, in an action in such court  by   Hester Sherman and others, against Thomas Kane and others; provided that   the testimony of a witness shall not be admissible, under the provisions   of  this  section  until  the  court  is satisfied that such witness has   heretofore died; and provided further, that no provision of this section   shall give to any documentary evidence introduced in connection with any   former testimony any greater or different effect than may be due  to  it   by  reason  of  the  testimony  relative  thereto.  Such evidence may be   introduced in any mode established by the practice of the courts for the   introduction of testimony given upon a former trial, by  a  witness  who   has  since  died,  or  by  reading  from  the  printed  cases on appeal,   heretofore filed in the office of the clerk of the superior court of the   city of New York.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 401 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 4 - Valuing Interests in Real Property 401 - When Interests Are Valued Under This Article.

§  401.  When  interests  are valued under this article. The following   interests shall be valued in the manner provided by this article: (a) an   interest in real property dependent as to value upon the duration of one   or more lives in being, whether such interest is present or future;  and   (b)  a  future interest preceded only by one or more interests described   in clause (a); whenever 1. the owner of such  interest  is  entitled  to   receive  a  sum  in  gross  in  satisfaction  of, or in compensation for   impairment of, his interest in real property which has been  transformed   into  a  fund  by judicial action or proceeding; or 2. ownership of real   property is divided into successive legal interests,  including  one  or   more  interests  dependent  as to value upon the duration of one or more   lives of persons in  being,  and  the  fraction  of  complete  ownership   belonging  to  each partial owner must be ascertained so as to permit an   adjudication of the fraction of some new  capital  expenditure  required   either  for  the payment of a mortgage, special assessment or other lien   upon such property, or for the satisfaction of an obligation imposed  by   law  as  an incident of ownership; or 3. such valuation is necessary for   the final determination of some action  or  proceeding,  other  than  an   action  or  proceeding  for  which  the  insurance  law,  the  workmen's   compensation law or the tax law prescribes methods of valuation.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 402 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 4 - Valuing Interests in Real Property 402 - Interest Rate.

§  402.  Interest rate. In all valuations made under this article, the   interest rate of four per centum, compounded annually, shall be employed   for all purposes.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 403 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 4 - Valuing Interests in Real Property 403 - Mortality and Other Tables.

§  403.  Mortality and other tables. In all valuations made under this   article where such valuation depends upon the continuance  of,  or  upon   the  termination  of  a  life  or lives in being, the table of mortality   prescribed by  section  four  thousand  two  hundred  seventeen  of  the   insurance  law  for new, ordinary life policies shall be employed in the   manner required by accepted actuarial practice. If, in  any  case,  such   table fails to provide required data, other tables accepted by actuarial   practice may be employed.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 404 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 4 - Valuing Interests in Real Property 404 - .

§ 404. Evidence as to ancestry, health and habits of individual In all   valuations  made  under  this article, no significance shall be given to   the ancestry, health or habits of the person  whose  life  is  involved.   Each valuation shall be based exclusively on the actuarial data.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 405 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 4 - Valuing Interests in Real Property 405 - Interest Defeasible by Remarriage.

§  405.  Interest  defeasible  by  remarriage. Whenever an interest is   defeasible on the remarriage of a person whose life  is  involved,  this   fact  of defeasibility may be taken into account in the valuation of any   such interest or of any interest subject thereto, if  justice  requires.   For  this  purpose, the Casualty Actuarial Society's Table on Remarriage   or other tables accepted by actuarial practice shall be employed.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 406 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 4 - Valuing Interests in Real Property 406 - Computation by Superintendent of Financial Services.

§ 406. Computation by superintendent of financial services. Any court,   judge,  referee  or other judicial or administrative officer by whom any   valuation under this article must be made is authorized to  transmit  to   the  superintendent  of financial services such statement of facts as is   necessary to permit the required computation,  and  such  superintendent   shall  thereupon  make  the computation and, without charge, certify the   same to the court or other officer submitting such statement.  Any  such   certificate  shall be conclusive evidence that the method of computation   adopted therein is correct.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 501 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 5 - Adverse Possession 501 - Adverse Possession; Defined.

§ 501. Adverse possession; defined. For the purposes of this article:1.  Adverse possessor. A person or entity is an "adverse possessor" of   real property when the  person  or  entity  occupies  real  property  of   another  person  or  entity  with  or  without  knowledge of the other's   superior ownership rights, in a manner that would give the owner a cause   of action for ejectment.2. Acquisition of title. An  adverse  possessor  gains  title  to  the   occupied real property upon the expiration of the statute of limitations   for  an  action  to recover real property pursuant to subdivision (a) of   section two hundred twelve of the civil practice law and rules, provided   that the occupancy, as described in sections  five  hundred  twelve  and   five  hundred  twenty-two of this article, has been adverse, under claim   of right, open and notorious, continuous, exclusive, and actual.3. Claim of right. A claim of right means a reasonable basis  for  the   belief  that  the  property belongs to the adverse possessor or property   owner, as the case may be. Notwithstanding any other provision  of  this   article,  claim of right shall not be required if the owner or owners of   the real property throughout the statutory period cannot be  ascertained   in  the  records  of the county clerk, or the register of the county, of   the county  where  such  real  property  is  situated,  and  located  by   reasonable means.
NY Real Prop Actions L § 511 (2021)
2021 New York Laws RPA - Real Property Actions and Proceedings Article 5 - Adverse Possession 511 - Adverse Possession Under Written Instrument or Judgment.

§  511. Adverse possession under written instrument or judgment. Where   the occupant or those under whom the occupant claims  entered  into  the   possession  of the premises under claim of right, exclusive of any other   right, founding  the  claim  upon  a  written  instrument,  as  being  a   conveyance  of  the premises in question, or upon the decree or judgment   of a competent court, and there has  been  a  continued  occupation  and   possession  of  the  premises  included  in  the  instrument,  decree or   judgment, or of some part thereof, for ten years, under the same  claim,   the  premises so included are deemed to have been held adversely; except   that when they consist of a tract divided into lots, the  possession  of   one lot is not deemed a possession of any other lot.