reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 27-12-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-7 - False Statements and Entries.

Section 27-12-7False statements and entries. (a) No person shall file with any supervisory or other public official or make, publish, disseminate, circulate, or deliver to any person or place before the public, or cause, directly or indirectly, to be made, published, disseminated, circulated, delivered to any person, or placed before the public, any false statement of financial condition of an insurer with intent to deceive. (b) No person shall make any false entry in any book, report, or statement of any insurer with intent to deceive any agent or examiner lawfully appointed to examine into its condition or into any of its affairs, or any public official to whom such insurer is required by law to report, or who has authority by law to examine into its condition or into any of its affairs or, with like intent, willfully omit to make a true entry of any material fact pertaining to the business of such insurer in any book, report, or statement of such insurer. (c) Any insurer willfully making a false annual or other statement required of it under this title and individuals knowingly making oath to and subscribing the same shall be punished by a fine of not less than $500.00 nor exceeding $5,000.00. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §233.)
AL Code § 27-12-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-8 - Boycotts, Coercion, and Intimidation.

Section 27-12-8Boycotts, coercion, and intimidation. No person shall enter into any agreement to commit or, by any concerted action, commit any act of boycott, coercion, or intimidation resulting in, or tending to result in, unreasonable restraint of, or monopoly in, the business of insurance. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §234.)
AL Code § 27-12-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-9 - Malicious Statements on Financial Condition.

Section 27-12-9Malicious statements on financial condition. No person shall make, publish, disseminate, or circulate, directly or indirectly, or aid, abet, or encourage the making, publishing, disseminating, or circulating of any oral or written statement or any pamphlet, circular, article, or literature which is false or maliciously critical of, or derogatory to, the financial condition of an insurer or of an organization proposing to become an insurer and which is calculated to injure any person engaged, or proposing to engage, in the business of insurance. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §235.)
AL Code § 27-12-10 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-10 - Financial Inducements to Purchase Insurance.

Section 27-12-10Financial inducements to purchase insurance. (a) No person shall issue or deliver, or permit its agents, officers, or employees to issue or deliver, agency company stock or other capital stock, or benefit certificates or shares in any common-law corporation, or securities, or any special or advisory board contract or other contract of any kind promising returns and profits as an inducement to insurance. The commissioner shall refuse to issue a certificate of authority or license to any insurer or other person that is in violation of this section and shall revoke the certificate of authority or license of any such violating insurer or person if such authority or license is already outstanding. (b) No person shall issue or deliver, or permit its agents, officers, or employees to issue or deliver, in this state, any life insurance policy or contract of annuity in which are used such words as "investment plan," "expansion plan," "profit-sharing," "charter plan," "founders' plan," "surplus-sharing," or similar language in such context or under such circumstances or conditions as to have the capacity or tendency to mislead a purchaser or prospective purchaser of life insurance to believe that he will receive or that it is probable he will receive something other than an insurance policy, or contract, or some benefit not provided in the policy or contract or some benefit not available to other persons of the same class and equal expectation of life. (c) No insurer shall issue or deliver, or permit its agents, officers, or employees to issue or deliver, in this state a policy of life insurance containing benefits in the form of "coupons" or "guaranteed annual endowment" benefits unless the premium charged for the insurance coverage and the premium charged for the "coupons" or "guaranteed annual endowment" benefits are prominently specified in the policy separately from each other in dollar amounts. This shall not apply to any policy in which the amount of any pure endowment or periodic benefit, or benefits, payable during any policy year is greater than the total annual premium for such year. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §236.)
AL Code § 27-12-11 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-11 - Life, Annuity, and Disability Insurance - Unfair Discrimination in Rates, Etc.

Section 27-12-11Life, annuity, and disability insurance - Unfair discrimination in rates, etc. (a) No person shall make or permit any unfair discrimination between individuals of the same class and equal expectation of life in the rates charged for any contract of life insurance or of life annuity, or in the dividends or other benefits payable thereon or in any other of the terms and conditions of such contract. (b) No person shall make or permit any unfair discrimination between amount of premium, policy fees, or rates charged for any policy or contract of disability insurance, or in the benefits payable thereunder, or in any of the terms or conditions of such contract or in any other manner whatever. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §237.)
AL Code § 27-12-12 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-12 - Life, Annuity, and Disability Insurance - Agreements Not Expressed in Contract, Rebates, and Other Inducements.

Section 27-12-12Life, annuity, and disability insurance - Agreements not expressed in contract, rebates, and other inducements. (a) No person shall knowingly permit or offer to make, or make, any contract of life insurance, annuity or disability insurance or agreement as to such contract other than as plainly expressed in the contract issued thereon, or pay or allow, or give or offer to pay, allow or give, directly or indirectly, as an inducement to such insurance or annuity any rebate of premiums payable on the contract, or any special favor or advantage in the dividends or other benefits thereon, or any paid employment or contract for services of any kind, or any valuable consideration or inducement whatever not specified in the contract, or, directly or indirectly, give, or sell, or purchase, or offer, or agree to give, sell, purchase, or allow as inducement to such insurance or annuity or in connection therewith, and whether or not to be specified in the policy or contract, any agreement of any form or nature promising returns and profits, or any stocks, bonds, or other securities, or interest present or contingent therein of any insurance company or other corporation, association, or partnership or any dividends or profits accrued, or to accrue thereon, or offer, promise, or give anything of value whatsoever not specified in the contract. (b) The commissioner may, after hearing, revoke the certificate of authority of any insurer and the licenses of any agent or other licensed representative that has willfully violated this section. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §238.)
AL Code § 27-12-13 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-13 - Life, Annuity, and Disability Insurance - Exceptions to Discrimination, Rebates, or Special Inducements.

Section 27-12-13Life, annuity, and disability insurance - Exceptions to discrimination, rebates, or special inducements. Nothing in Sections 27-12-11 and 27-12-12 shall be construed as including within the definition of discrimination, rebates, or special inducements any of the following practices: (1) In the case of any contract of life insurance or annuity, paying bonuses to policyholders or otherwise abating their premiums in whole or in part out of surplus accumulated from nonparticipating insurance, provided, that any such bonuses or abatement of premiums is fair and equitable to policyholders and for the best interests of the insurer and its policyholders; (2) In the case of life or disability insurance policies issued on the industrial debit or weekly premium plan, making allowance to policyholders who have continuously for a specified period made premium payments directly to an office of the insurer in an amount which fairly represents the saving in collection expense; (3) Readjustment of the rate of premium for a group insurance policy based on the loss or expense experience thereunder, at the end of the first or any subsequent policy year of insurance thereunder, which may be made retroactive only for such policy year; (4) In the case of life insurers, allowing its bona fide employees to receive a commission or reduction on the premiums paid by them on policies on their own lives or on the lives of their children or spouse; (5) Issuing life or disability insurance policies on a salary savings, bank draft, preauthorized check or payroll deduction plan or other similar plan at a reduced rate reasonably related to the savings made by the use of such plan; (6) In the case of life insurance, a written agreement between the parties for an extension of time for payment of a second or subsequent premium on the policy upon condition that the failure to pay the amount as and when so agreed shall lapse the policy; but no such agreement shall impair any right to extended or paid-up insurance which the insured may have under the policy nor any right to have the premiums, or any part thereof, or the amount payable for such extension charged against the policy under the terms of the policy. No such agreement need be attached to or made a part of the policy so affected; or (7) Paying commissions or other compensation to duly licensed agents or allowing or returning to participating policyholders dividends or savings. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §239.)
AL Code § 27-12-15 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-15 - Purchase of Insurance as Condition Precedent to Sale or Loan on Property.

Section 27-12-15Purchase of insurance as condition precedent to sale or loan on property. No person, firm, or corporation engaged in selling real or personal property or of lending money on the security of real or personal property and no trustee, director, officer, agent, or other employee of any such person, firm, or corporation shall require, or attempt or purport to require, as a condition precedent, concurrent, or subsequent, to the sale or to financing the purchase of such property or to lending money upon the security of a mortgage thereon nor as a condition precedent, concurrent, or subsequent, for the renewal or extension of any such loan or mortgage or for the performance of any other act in connection therewith that the person, firm, or corporation purchasing such property, or for whom such purchase is to be financed, or to whom the money is to be loaned, or for whom such extension, renewal, or other act is to be granted or performed negotiate any policy of insurance, or renewal thereof, covering such property or covering any liability arising from the ownership, maintenance, or use thereof through a particular insurer, agent, solicitor, or broker. This section shall not prevent the exercise by any person, firm, or corporation of its right to designate reasonable and nondiscriminatory financial requirements as to insurer, the terms and provisions of the policy and the adequacy of the coverage with respect to insurance on property pledged or mortgaged to such person, firm, or corporation; provided, however, that nothing in this section shall be construed as to prohibit the right of any person, firm, or corporation from voluntarily negotiating for or soliciting the placing of such insurance. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §4; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §241.)
AL Code § 27-12-16 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-16 - Common Ownership, Management, and Directorships.

Section 27-12-16Common ownership, management, and directorships. (a) Any insurer may retain, invest in or acquire, the whole or any part of, the capital stock of any other insurer, or insurers, or have a common management with any other insurer, or insurers, unless such retention, investment, acquisition, or common management is inconsistent with any other provision of this title or unless, by reason thereof, the business of such insurers with the public is conducted in a manner which substantially lessens competition generally in the insurance business. (b) Any person otherwise qualified may be a director of two or more insurers which are competitors, unless the effect thereof is to lessen substantially competition between insurers generally. (Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §242.)
AL Code § 27-12-17 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-17 - Collection of Premiums or Charges When Insurance Not Provided; Excess Premium or Charge.

Section 27-12-17Collection of premiums or charges when insurance not provided; excess premium or charge. (a) No person shall willfully collect any sum as premium or charge for insurance which insurance is not then provided or is not in due course to be provided, subject to acceptance of the risk by the insurer, by an insurance policy issued by an insurer as permitted by this title. (b) No person shall willfully collect as premium or charge for insurance any sum in excess of the premium or charge applicable to the insurance and as specified in the policy in accordance with the applicable classifications and rates as filed with, and approved by, the commissioner or, in cases where classifications, premiums, or rates are not required by this title to be so filed and approved, the premiums and charges shall not be in excess of those specified in the policy and as fixed by the insurer. This section shall not be deemed to prohibit the charging and collection by surplus line brokers licensed under Chapter 10 of this title of the amount of applicable state and federal taxes in addition to the premium required by the insurer; nor shall it be deemed to prohibit the charging and collection by a life insurer of amounts actually to be expended for medical examination of an applicant for life insurance or for reinstatement of a life insurance policy; nor shall it be deemed to prohibit an Alabama licensed producer from charging a collection fee of up to one and one-half percent per month on unpaid balances for insurance premiums; nor shall it be deemed to prohibit the charging of administrative fees by an Alabama licensed producer to process property and casualty insurance applications when the fees have been approved by the commissioner. (c) Each violation of this section shall be punishable under Section 27-1-12. (Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §243; Acts 1994, No. 94-118, p. 146, §1; Act 2001-702, p. 1509, §15.)
AL Code § 27-12-19 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-19 - Service of Statements, Notices, Orders, and Other Processes.

Section 27-12-19Service of statements, notices, orders, and other processes. Statements of charges, notices, orders, and other processes of the commissioner under this trade practices law may be served by anyone duly authorized by the commissioner, either in the manner provided by law for service of process in civil actions or by registering or certifying and mailing a copy thereof to the person affected by such statement, notice, order, or other process at his, or its, residence or principal office or place of business. The verified return by the person so serving such statement, notice, order, or other process, setting forth the manner of such service, shall be proof of the same, and the return postcard receipt for such statement, notice, order, or other process, registered or certified and mailed as aforesaid, shall be proof of the service of the same. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §6; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §245.)
AL Code § 27-12-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-20 - Review of Commissioner's Cease and Desist Orders.

Section 27-12-20Review of commissioner's cease and desist orders. Any person required by an order of the commissioner under Section 27-12-18 to cease and desist from engaging in any unfair method of competition or any unfair or deceptive act or practice defined in this trade practices law may obtain a review of such order by filing an appeal therefrom in accordance with the provisions and procedures for appeals from the orders of the commissioner in general under Section 27-2-32. To the extent that the commissioner's order is affirmed on such review, the court shall issue its own order commanding obedience to the terms of the commissioner's order. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §8; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §246.)
AL Code § 27-12-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-22 - Proceedings on Unfair Competition, etc., Not Defined Under Chapter - Appeal by Intervenor.

Section 27-12-22Proceedings on unfair competition, etc., not defined under chapter - Appeal by intervenor. If the report of the commissioner under Section 27-12-21 does not charge a violation of this chapter, then any intervenor in the proceedings may, within 30 days after the service of such report, cause a notice of appeal to be filed in the Circuit Court of Montgomery County for a review of such report. Upon such review, the court shall have authority to issue appropriate orders and judgments in connection therewith, including, if the court finds that it is to the interest of the public, orders enjoining and restraining the continuance of any method of competition, act, or practice which it finds, notwithstanding such report of the commissioner, constitutes a violation of this trade practices law. Subsection (c) of Section 27-12-21 shall apply as to any such review. (Acts 1957, No. 608, p. 865, §10; Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §248.)
AL Code § 27-12-23 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-23 - False Statements, etc., in Insurance Application.

Section 27-12-23False statements, etc., in insurance application. No agent, broker, solicitor, examining physician, or other person shall knowingly make a false or fraudulent statement or representation in, or relative to, an application for insurance. Violations of this section shall be punishable under Section 27-1-12. (Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §249.)
AL Code § 27-12-24 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-24 - Refusal of Insurer to Pay or Settle Claims.

Section 27-12-24Refusal of insurer to pay or settle claims. No insurer shall, without just cause, refuse to pay or settle claims arising under coverages provided by its policies in this state and with such frequency as to indicate a general business practice in this state, which general business practice is evidenced by: (1) A substantial increase in the number of complaints against the insurer received by the Insurance Department; (2) A substantial increase in the number of lawsuits against the insurer or its insureds by claimants; and (3) Other relevant evidence. (Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §249.1.)
AL Code § 27-12-25 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 12 - Trade Practices Law.|Section 27-12-25 - Denying, Delaying, or Deferring Payment of an Otherwise Valid Claim for Payment of Health Care Services Prohibited Under Certain Circumstances.

Section 27-12-25Denying, delaying, or deferring payment of an otherwise valid claim for payment of health care services prohibited under certain circumstances. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any health insurer, any health care service plan organized under Article 6, Chapter 20, Title 10A, or any health maintenance organization organized under Chapter 21A of this title, which contracts for health insurance or pays for health care services, may not deny, delay, or defer payment of an otherwise valid claim for payment of health care services, because the insured, who is the injured person, has been or is being treated for injuries received under circumstances giving rise to a possible injury liability claim or a claim for benefits under an individual or group automobile insurance policy that provides uninsured motorist or medical payment coverage. Any provision in a health insurance policy or any provision in a hospital contract with a health care payor, as defined in Section 35-11-371, issued, entered into, amended, or renewed in this state on or after August 1, 2021, which attempts to coordinate benefits in violation of this section is void and unenforceable. (b) This section does not restrict a health insurer, health care service plan, or health maintenance organization from recouping payments by exercising available subrogation rights against a responsible third party or by exercising available reimbursement rights against an injured person who is attempting to recover from, or has previously recovered from, a responsible third party or the injured party's uninsured or underinsured motorist insurance coverage, or both. Where a health insurer, health care service plan, or health maintenance organization seeks recoupment from a responsible third party, the amount of the recoupment may not exceed the amount paid by the health insurer, health care service plan, or health maintenance organization for health care services. (c) The Department of Insurance shall adopt rules to carry out this section. (Act 2021-379, §2.)
AL Code § 27-14-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 14 - The Insurance Contract.|Section 27-14-1 - Definitions.

Section 27-14-1Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively ascribed to them by this section: (1) POLICY. A written contract of, or written agreement for, or effecting, insurance, by whatever name called, and includes all clauses, riders, endorsements, and papers attached, or issued, and delivered for attachment thereto and made a part thereof. (2) PREMIUM. The consideration for insurance, by whatever name called. Any "assessment" or any "membership," "policy," "survey," "inspection," "service," or similar fee or charge in consideration for an insurance contract is deemed part of the premium. (Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §315.)
AL Code § 27-14-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 27 - Insurance.|Chapter 14 - The Insurance Contract.|Section 27-14-2 - Applicability of Chapter.

Section 27-14-2Applicability of chapter. This chapter applies as to all insurance contracts and annuity contracts other than: (1) Reinsurance; (2) Policies or contracts not issued for delivery in this state nor delivered in this state; (3) Wet marine and transportation insurance; and (4) Title insurance, except as to the following provisions: a. Section 27-14-5; b. Section 27-14-8; c. Section 27-14-9; d. Section 27-14-13; e. Section 27-14-14; and f. Section 27-14-17. (Acts 1971, No. 407, p. 707, §314.)