reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 19-4-105.6 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-105.6. Amendment of Proceedings - Adding Children

  In any existing case commenced under this article, if it is alleged that another child has been conceived of the parents named in the existing case, that child shall be added to the existing case if at least one of the presumptions of paternity specified in section 19-4-105 applies for the purpose of establishing paternity and child support. The caption shall be amended to include the added child.    The party amending the petition pursuant to subsection (1) of this section shall serve the amended petition with the new caption upon the other parties in the manner set forth in section 19-4-109 (2), the Colorado rules of civil procedure, or as otherwise provided in section 26-13.5-104, C.R.S. (2.5) The party amending the petition pursuant to subsection (1) of this section shall provide to the court, in the manner prescribed by the court, the social security number of the added child.    Proceedings under this article may be amended prior to the birth of the child to be added to the proceedings.    If a petition is amended pursuant to the requirements of section 19-5-103.7, the licensed child placement agency involved shall receive notice of the action in the same manner as a party to the action.    A summons issued upon the amendment of a proceeding under this article shall contain the advisements set forth in section 19-4-105.5 (5).    Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, in any case where there exists more than one alleged or presumed father for a child pursuant to section 19-4-105, a new case shall be commenced for that child to determine the child's paternity, establish child support, and address any other related issues. If it is determined that the child is the child of parents named in an existing case, the cases shall be consolidated into the initial action pursuant to rule 42 of the Colorado rules of civil procedure.     History. Source: L. 2008: Entire section added, p. 1348, § 3, effective January 1, 2009. L. 2011: (2.5) added,(SB 11-123), ch. 46, p. 120, § 6, effective August 10.
CO Code § 19-4-107.3 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-107.3. When Determination of Parentage Is Final - Modifications - Exceptions

     An order determining parentage pursuant to this article shall be modified or set aside, within the time frames specified in subsection (2) of this section, if genetic test results based on DNA testing, administered in accordance with section 13-25-126, C.R.S., establish the exclusion of the individual named as the father in the order as the biological parent of the child and the court determines that it is just and proper under the circumstances and in the best interests of the child.    If the court modifies or sets aside an order determining parentage pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (1), then the court shall modify the provisions of the order respecting child support for installments accruing subsequent to the filing of the motion pursuant to section 14-10-122 (6), C.R.S., and may vacate or deem as satisfied, in whole or in part, unpaid child support obligations arising from or based on the order determining parentage. The court shall not order restitution from the state for any sums paid to or collected by the state for the benefit of the child.         A motion to modify or set aside an order determining parentage pursuant to this section must be filed within two years from the date of the entry of the order.    Repealed.       Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, neither a determination of parentage nor an order respecting child support shall be modified or set aside pursuant to this section if:   The individual named in the order acknowledged paternity pursuant to section 19-4-105 (1)(c) or (1)(e) knowing that he was not the father of the child;    The child was adopted by the individual named in the order; or    The child was conceived by means of assisted reproduction.       A motion filed pursuant to this section may be brought by the individual named as the father in the order and shall be served in the manner set forth in the Colorado rules of civil procedure upon all other parties. The court shall not modify or set aside a final order determining parentage pursuant to this section without a hearing.    For purposes of this section, “DNA” means deoxyribonucleic acid.      History. Source: L. 2008: Entire section added, p. 1655, § 1, effective August 15.    Editor's note:   Subsection (2)(b)(II) provided for the repeal of subsection (2)(b), effective July 1, 2011. (See L. 2008, p. 1655 .)
CO Code § 19-4-107.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-107.5. Required Notice of Prior Civil Protection Orders to Prevent Domestic Abuse - Determination of Parent and Child Relationship

 When filing a proceeding under this article, the filing party shall have a duty to disclose to the court the existence of any prior temporary or permanent civil protection orders to prevent domestic abuse issued pursuant to article 14 of title 13, C.R.S., and any emergency protection orders issued pursuant to section 13-14-103 , C.R.S., entered against either party by any court within ninety days prior to the filing of the proceeding to determine the parent and child relationship. The disclosure required pursuant to this section shall address the subject matter of the previous protection orders, including the case number and jurisdiction issuing such orders.   History. Source: L. 95: Entire section added, p. 84, § 2, effective July 1. L. 99: Entire section amended, p. 503, § 14, effective July 1. L. 2004: Entire section amended, p. 556, § 14, effective July 1. L. 2005: Entire section amended, p. 766, § 30, effective June 1.
CO Code § 19-4-115 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-115. Civil Action

 An action under this article is a civil action governed by the Colorado rules of civil procedure. The mother of the child and the alleged father are competent to testify and may be compelled to testify. Sections 19-4-111 (2) and (3), 19-4-112 , and 19-4-113 apply.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 798, § 1, effective October 1. L. 91: Entire section amended, p. 254, § 12, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-115 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.   ANNOTATION   Applied in In re U.M. v. District Court, 631 P.2d 165 (Colo. 1981).
CO Code § 19-4-117 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-117. Costs

 The court shall order reasonable fees of counsel, experts, and the child's guardian ad litem and other costs of the action and pretrial proceedings, including genetic tests, to be paid by the parties in proportions and at times determined by the court. In any action brought pursuant to article 13 or 13.5 of title 26, C.R.S., the final costs of any genetic tests or other tests of inherited characteristics shall be assessed against the nonprevailing party on the parentage issue.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 799, § 1, effective October 1. L. 92: Entire section amended, p. 183, § 2, effective August 1. L. 97: Entire section amended, p. 563, § 11, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-117 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.   ANNOTATION   Annotator's note. The following annotations include cases decided under former provisions similar to this section.   This section and § 13-25-126 are inconsistent on the question of who bears the cost of additional blood tests in paternity actions, but § 13-25-126 controls. L.D.G. v. E.R., 723 P.2d 746 (Colo. App. 1986).   Attorney fees. This section does not predicate an award of attorney fees and costs upon a showing of bad faith. In re C.R.A.H., 647 P.2d 239 (Colo. App. 1981).   Expert witness fees. Expert witnesses are entitled to fees for the time actually spent in the courtroom. In re C.R.A.H., 647 P.2d 239 (Colo. App. 1981).   Mileage fees for out-of-state witnesses. Out-of-state witnesses not under subpoena are not entitled to a mileage fee. In re C.R.A.H., 647 P.2d 239 (Colo. App. 1982).   Determination as to payment of guardian ad litem fees is within discretion of the juvenile court, and its decision will not be disturbed on appeal absent a clear abuse of that discretion. G.K.D. v. R.A.D., 759 P.2d 851 (Colo. App. 1988).   Section dictates that the trial court assess the costs of the genetic tests against the nonprevailing parties, here the mother and the county department of social services, even though there was a presumption of paternity based on the father's acknowledgment of paternity on the birth certificate. People ex rel. L.J.P., 2 P.3d 140 (Colo. App. 2000).   Applied in In Interest of D.R.V., 885 P.2d 351 (Colo. App. 1994).
CO Code § 19-4-118 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-118. Enforcement of Judgment or Order

  If existence of the father and child relationship is declared, or paternity or a duty of support has been acknowledged or adjudicated under this article or under prior law, the obligation of the father may be enforced in the same or other proceedings by the mother, the child, or the public authority that has furnished or may furnish the reasonable expenses of pregnancy, confinement, education, support, or funeral, or by any other person, including a private agency, to the extent he has furnished or is furnishing these expenses.    The court may order support payments to be made to the obligee, the clerk of the court, in those cases in which the executive director of the department of human services has notified the state court administrator pursuant to section 26-13-114 (5), C.R.S., that the judicial district in which the court is situated is ready to participate in the family support registry, through the family support registry, or a person, corporation, or agency designated to administer them for the benefit of the child under the supervision of the court. The court may not order payments to be made to the clerk of the court once payments may be made through the family support registry.    Willful failure to obey the judgment or order of the court is a civil contempt of the court. All remedies for the enforcement of judgments apply.    In making any order for support pursuant to this section, the court shall take into consideration the capability of both parents to provide support.     History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 799, § 1, effective October 1. L. 98: (2) amended, p. 766, § 16, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-118 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.   ANNOTATION   Applied in Deeb v. Morris, 14 B.R. 217 (D. Colo. 1981 ).
CO Code § 19-4-119 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-119. Modification of Judgment or Order

  The court has continuing jurisdiction to modify or revoke a judgment or order:   For future education and support; and    With respect to matters listed in sections 19-4-116 (3) and (4) and 19-4-118 (2); except that a court entering a judgment or order for the payment of a lump sum or the purchase of an annuity under section 19-4-116 (4) may specify that the judgment or order may not be modified or revoked.       The court may modify an order of support only in accordance with the provisions of and the standard for modification in section 14-10-122, C.R.S.    The trial court retains jurisdiction to modify an order concerning child support or concerning the allocation of parental rights and responsibilities based on a change in circumstances during the pendency of an appeal.     History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 799, § 1, effective October 1. L. 90: (2) added, p. 892, § 16, effective July 1. L. 2021: (3) added,(HB 21-1031), ch. 116, p. 451, § 7, effective May 7.    Editor's note:    This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-119 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.    Section 8 of chapter 116 (HB 21-1031), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to any request to modify an order appealed on, after, or before May 7, 2021.     Cross references:   For the legislative declaration in HB 21-1031, see section 1 of chapter 116, Session Laws of Colorado 2021.   ANNOTATION   Unless an order specifically states that it is not subject to modification, a trial court may modify a lump-sum child support order. M.F. v. L.M., 780 P.2d 69 (Colo. App. 1989) (decided under former § 19-6-119 as it existed prior to the 1987 repeal and reenactment of this title).   Continuing jurisdiction of the trial court under this section allows appointment of a guardian ad litem even after the entry of permanent orders when deemed necessary by the court. Such appointment may be made on motion of a party or on the court's own motion; however, appointment of a guardian ad litem after the entry of permanent orders should not be done as a matter of course. In Interest of A.R.W., 903 P.2d 10 (Colo. App. 1994).   In paternity proceedings, juvenile court must make and modify permanent orders regarding parenting time in accordance with the Uniform Dissolution of Marriage Act, § 14-10-101 et seq. People in Interest of S.E.G., 934 P.2d 920 (Colo. App. 1997).
CO Code § 19-4-120 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-120. Represented by Counsel

 At the pretrial hearing and in further proceedings, any party may be represented by counsel.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 799, § 1, effective October 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-120 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.
CO Code § 19-4-122 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-122. Action to Declare Mother and Child Relationship

 Any interested party may bring an action to determine the existence or nonexistence of a mother and child relationship. Insofar as practicable, the provisions of this article applicable to the father and child relationship apply.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 800, § 1, effective October 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-122 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.   ANNOTATION   Applied in In re S.N.V., 284 P.3d 147 (Colo. App. 2011).
CO Code § 19-4-123 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-123. Promise to Render Support

  Any promise in writing to furnish support for a child, growing out of a supposed or alleged father and child relationship, does not require consideration and is enforceable according to its terms, subject to section 19-4-107 (4).    In the best interest of the child or the mother, the court may, and upon the promisor's request shall, order the promise to be kept in confidence and designate a person or agency to receive and disburse on behalf of the child all amounts paid in performance of the promise.     History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 800, § 1, effective October 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-123 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.
CO Code § 19-4-124 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-124. Birth Records

  Upon order of a court of this state or upon an order issued and filed pursuant to article 13.5 of title 26, C.R.S., or upon request of a court of another state, the state registrar of vital statistics shall prepare a new certificate of birth consistent with the findings of the court and shall substitute the new certificate for the original certificate of birth.    The fact that the father and child relationship was declared after the child's birth shall not be ascertainable from the new certificate, but the actual place and date of birth shall be shown.    The evidence upon which the new certificate was made and the original birth certificate shall be kept in a sealed and confidential file and be subject to inspection only upon consent of the court and all interested persons or, in exceptional cases only, upon an order of the court for good cause shown.     History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 800, § 1, effective October 1. L. 89: (1) amended, p. 1247, § 6, effective April 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-124 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.
CO Code § 19-4-125 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-125. “Father” Defined

 In case of a maternity suit against a purported mother, where appropriate in the context, the word “father” shall mean “mother”.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 800, § 1, effective October 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-127 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.   ANNOTATION   Applied in In re S.N.V., 284 P.3d 147 (Colo. App. 2011).
CO Code § 19-4-126 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-126. Uniformity of Application and Construction

 This article shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this article among states enacting it.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 800, § 1, effective October 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-128 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.
CO Code § 19-4-127 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-127. Severability

 If any provision of this article or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the article which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and, to this end, the provisions of this article are severable.   History. Source: L. 87: Entire title R&RE, p. 800, § 1, effective October 1.    Editor's note:   This section was contained in a title that was repealed and reenacted in 1987. Provisions of this section, as it existed in 1987, are similar to those contained in 19-6-129 as said section existed in 1986, the year prior to the repeal and reenactment of this title.   ANNOTATION   Annotator's note. The following annotations include cases decided under former provisions similar to this section.   Applied in Jefferson County Dept. of Soc. Servs. v. D.A.G., 199 Colo. 315 , 607 P.2d 1004 (1980).
CO Code § 19-4-128 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-128. Right to Trial to Court

 Any party may demand a trial to the court to determine the existence or nonexistence of the parent and child relationship. No party may demand a jury trial, and notwithstanding any demand which may have been made, trial shall be to the court and not to a jury.   History. Source: L. 88: Entire section added, p. 746, § 15, effective July 1. L. 92: Entire section amended, p. 183, § 3, effective August 1. L. 94: Entire section amended, p. 1542, § 16, effective May 31. L. 97: Entire section amended, p. 1276, § 17, effective July 1.    Cross references:   For the legislative declaration contained in the 1997 act amending this section, see section 1 of chapter 236, Session Laws of Colorado 1997.
CO Code § 19-4-129 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-129. Child Support - Guidelines - Schedule of Basic Support Obligations

 The provisions of section 14-10-115 , C.R.S., shall apply to all child support obligations, established or modified, as part of any proceeding under this article, whether filed on or subsequent to July 1, 1988.   History. Source: L. 88: Entire section added, p. 746, § 15, effective July 1.    ANNOTATION   Trial court may deviate from presumed amount of support in § 14-10-115 according to the criteria listed in § 19-4-116 (6) so long as it enters findings that allow an appellate court and the parties to discern the reasons for the deviation. In Interest of D.R.V., 885 P.2d 351 (Colo. App. 1994).   Court must allocate dependency exemption between the parties based on their respective gross incomes pursuant to § 14-10-115 . Federal tax law contemplates such an allocation, and does not preempt it. S.F.E. in Interest of T.I.E., 981 P.2d 642 (Colo. App. 1998).   Not all medical expenses allocated. To harmonize this section and § 19-4-116 , only uninsured medical expenses exceeding $100 for enumerated health problems may be apportioned between the parties in a paternity action filed on or after July 1, 1988. S.F.E. in Interest of T.I.E., 981 P.2d 642 (Colo. App. 1998).
CO Code § 19-4-130 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4 - Uniform Parentage Act|§ 19-4-130. Temporary Orders

  Upon the filing of any proceeding under this article or under article 13.5 of title 26, C.R.S., the court shall, as soon as practicable, enter a temporary or permanent order allocating parental responsibilities that shall allocate the decision-making responsibility and parenting time of the child until further order of the court.    Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any paternity determination made pursuant to section 14-5-402, C.R.S.     History. Source: L. 92: Entire section added, p. 184, § 4, effective August 1. L. 96: Entire section amended, p. 612, § 14, effective July 1. L. 98: (1) amended, p. 1410, § 72, effective February 1, 1999. L. 2015: (2) amended,(HB 15-1198), ch. 173, p. 568, § 35, effective July 1.
CO Code § 19-4.5-101 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 19 - Children's Code|Article 4.5 - Colorado Surrogacy Agreement Act|§ 19-4.5-101. Short Title

 The short title of this article 4.5 is the “Colorado Surrogacy Agreement Act”.   History. Source: L. 2021: Entire article added,(HB 21-1022), ch. 103, p. 409, § 1, effective May 6.