reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-509 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 5 - Performance|Section 2-509 - Risk of Loss in the Absence of Breach

    (1)    Where the contract requires or authorizes the seller to ship the goods by carrier        (a)    If it does not require him to deliver them at a particular destination, the risk of loss passes to the buyer when the goods are duly delivered to the carrier even though the shipment is under reservation (§ 2-505); but        (b)    If it does require him to deliver them at a particular destination and the goods are there duly tendered while in the possession of the carrier, the risk of loss passes to the buyer when the goods are there duly so tendered as to enable the buyer to take delivery.    (2)    Where the goods are held by a bailee to be delivered without being moved, the risk of loss passes to the buyer        (a)    On his receipt of possession or control of a negotiable document of title covering the goods; or        (b)    On acknowledgment by the bailee of the buyer’s right to possession of the goods; or        (c)    After his receipt of possession or control of a nonnegotiable document of title or other direction to deliver in a record, as provided in subsection (4)(b) of § 2-503.    (3)    In any case not within subsection (1) or (2), the risk of loss passes to the buyer on his receipt of the goods if the seller is a merchant; otherwise the risk passes to the buyer on tender of delivery.    (4)    The provisions of this section are subject to contrary agreement of the parties and to the provisions of this title on sale on approval (§ 2-327) and on effect of breach on risk of loss (§ 2-510).
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-510 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 5 - Performance|Section 2-510 - Effect of Breach on Risk of Loss

    (1)    Where a tender or delivery of goods so fails to conform to the contract as to give a right of rejection the risk of their loss remains on the seller until cure or acceptance.    (2)    Where the buyer rightfully revokes acceptance he may to the extent of any deficiency in his effective insurance coverage treat the risk of loss as having rested on the seller from the beginning.    (3)    Where the buyer as to conforming goods already identified to the contract for sale repudiates or is otherwise in breach before risk of their loss has passed to him, the seller may to the extent of any deficiency in his effective insurance coverage treat the risk of loss as resting on the buyer for a commercially reasonable time.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-511 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 5 - Performance|Section 2-511 - Tender of Payment by Buyer; Payment by Check

    (1)    Unless otherwise agreed tender of payment is a condition to the seller’s duty to tender and complete any delivery.    (2)    Tender of payment is sufficient when made by any means or in any manner current in the ordinary course of business unless the seller demands payment in legal tender and gives any extension of time reasonably necessary to procure it.    (3)    Subject to the provisions of Titles 1 through 10 of this article on the effect of an instrument on an obligation (§ 3-310), payment by check is conditional and is defeated as between the parties by dishonor of the check on due presentment.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-512 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 5 - Performance|Section 2-512 - Payment by Buyer Before Inspection

    (1)    Where the contract requires payment before inspection nonconformity of the goods does not excuse the buyer from so making payment unless        (a)    The nonconformity appears without inspection; or        (b)    Despite tender of the required documents the circumstances would justify injunction against honor under the provisions of Titles 1 through 10 of this article (§ 5-109(b)).    (2)    Payment pursuant to subsection (1) does not constitute an acceptance of goods or impair the buyer’s right to inspect or any of his remedies.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-513 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 5 - Performance|Section 2-513 - Buyer's Right to Inspection of Goods

    (1)    Unless otherwise agreed and subject to subsection (3), where goods are tendered or delivered or identified to the contract for sale, the buyer has a right before payment or acceptance to inspect them at any reasonable place and time and in any reasonable manner. When the seller is required or authorized to send the goods to the buyer, the inspection may be after their arrival.    (2)    Expenses of inspection must be borne by the buyer but may be recovered from the seller if the goods do not conform and are rejected.    (3)    Unless otherwise agreed and subject to the provisions of this title on C. I. F. contracts (subsection (3) of § 2-321), the buyer is not entitled to inspect the goods before payment of the price when the contract provides        (a)    For delivery “C. O. D.” or on other like terms; or        (b)    For payment against documents of title, except where such payment is due only after the goods are to become available for inspection.    (4)    A place or method of inspection fixed by the parties is presumed to be exclusive but unless otherwise expressly agreed it does not postpone identification or shift the place for delivery or for passing the risk of loss. If compliance becomes impossible, inspection shall be as provided in this section unless the place or method fixed was clearly intended as an indispensable condition failure of which avoids the contract.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-514 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 5 - Performance|Section 2-514 - When Documents Deliverable on Acceptance; When on Payment

    Unless otherwise agreed documents against which a draft is drawn are to be delivered to the drawee on acceptance of the draft if it is payable more than three days after presentment; otherwise only on payment.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-515 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 5 - Performance|Section 2-515 - Preserving Evidence of Goods in Dispute

    In furtherance of the adjustment of any claim or dispute        (a)    Either party on reasonable notification to the other and for the purpose of ascertaining the facts and preserving evidence has the right to inspect, test and sample the goods including such of them as may be in the possession or control of the other; and        (b)    The parties may agree to a third party inspection or survey to determine the conformity or condition of the goods and may agree that the findings shall be binding upon them in any subsequent litigation or adjustment.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-601 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-601 - Buyer's Rights on Improper Delivery

    Subject to the provisions of this title on breach in installment contracts (§ 2-612) and unless otherwise agreed under the sections on contractual limitations of remedy (§§ 2-718 and 2-719), if the goods or the tender of delivery fail in any respect to conform to the contract, the buyer may        (a)    Reject the whole; or        (b)    Accept the whole; or        (c)    Accept any commercial unit or units and reject the rest.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-602 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-602 - Manner and Effect of Rightful Rejection

    (1)    Rejection of goods must be within a reasonable time after their delivery or tender. It is ineffective unless the buyer seasonably notifies the seller.    (2)    Subject to the provisions of the two following sections on rejected goods (§§ 2-603 and 2-604).        (a)    After rejection any exercise of ownership by the buyer with respect to any commercial unit is wrongful as against the seller; and        (b)    If the buyer has before rejection taken physical possession of goods in which he does not have a security interest under the provisions of this title (subsection (3) of § 2-711), he is under a duty after rejection to hold them with reasonable care at the seller’s disposition for a time sufficient to permit the seller to remove them; but        (c)    The buyer has no further obligations with regard to goods rightfully rejected.    (3)    The seller’s rights with respect to goods wrongfully rejected are governed by the provisions of this title on seller’s remedies in general (§ 2-703).
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-603 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-603 - Merchant Buyer's Duties as to Rightfully Rejected Goods

    (1)    Subject to any security interest in the buyer (subsection (3) of § 2-711), when the seller has no agent or place of business at the market of rejection a merchant buyer is under a duty after rejection of goods in his possession or control to follow any reasonable instructions received from the seller with respect to the goods and in the absence of such instructions to make reasonable efforts to sell them for the seller’s account if they are perishable or threaten to decline in value speedily. Instructions are not reasonable if on demand indemnity for expenses is not forthcoming.    (2)    When the buyer sells goods under subsection (1), he is entitled to reimbursement from the seller or out of the proceeds for reasonable expenses of caring for and selling them, and if the expenses include no selling commission then to such commission as is usual in the trade or if there is none to a reasonable sum not exceeding ten percent of the gross proceeds.    (3)    In complying with this section the buyer is held only to good faith and good faith conduct hereunder is neither acceptance nor conversion nor the basis of an action for damages.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-604 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-604 - Buyer's Options as to Salvage of Rightfully Rejected Goods

    Subject to the provisions of the immediately preceding section on perishables if the seller gives no instructions within a reasonable time after notification of rejection the buyer may store the rejected goods for the seller’s account or reship them to him or resell them for the seller’s account with reimbursement as provided in the preceding section. Such action is not acceptance or conversion.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-605 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-605 - Waiver of Buyer's Objections by Failure to Particularize

    (1)    The buyer’s failure to state in connection with rejection a particular defect which is ascertainable by reasonable inspection precludes him from relying on the unstated defect to justify rejection or to establish breach        (a)    Where the seller could have cured it if stated seasonably; or        (b)    Between merchants when the seller has after rejection made a request in writing for a full and final written statement of all defects on which the buyer proposes to rely.    (2)    Payment against documents made without reservation of rights precludes recovery of the payment for defects apparent in the documents.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-606 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-606 - What Constitutes Acceptance of Goods

    (1)    Acceptance of goods occurs when the buyer        (a)    After a reasonable opportunity to inspect the goods signifies to the seller that the goods are conforming or that he will take or retain them in spite of their nonconformity; or        (b)    Fails to make an effective rejection (subsection (1) of § 2-602), but such acceptance does not occur until the buyer has had a reasonable opportunity to inspect them; or        (c)    Does any act inconsistent with the seller’s ownership; but if such act is wrongful as against the seller it is an acceptance only if ratified by him.    (2)    Acceptance of a part of any commercial unit is acceptance of that entire unit.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-607 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-607 - Effect of Acceptance; Notice of Breach; Burden of Establishing Breach After Acceptance; Notice of Claim or Litigation to Person Answerable Over

    (1)    The buyer must pay at the contract rate for any goods accepted.    (2)    Acceptance of goods by the buyer precludes rejection of the goods accepted and if made with knowledge of a nonconformity cannot be revoked because of it unless the acceptance was on the reasonable assumption that the nonconformity would be seasonably cured but acceptance does not of itself impair any other remedy provided by this title for nonconformity.    (3)    Where a tender has been accepted        (a)    The buyer must within a reasonable time after he discovers or should have discovered any breach notify the seller of breach or be barred from any remedy; and        (b)    If the claim is one for infringement or the like (subsection (3) of § 2-312) and the buyer is sued as a result of such a breach he must so notify the seller within a reasonable time after he receives notice of the litigation or be barred from any remedy over for liability established by the litigation.    (4)    The burden is on the buyer to establish any breach with respect to the goods accepted.    (5)    Where the buyer is sued for breach of a warranty or other obligation for which his seller is answerable over        (a)    He may give his seller written notice of the litigation. If the notice states that the seller may come in and defend and that if the seller does not do so he will be bound in any action against him by his buyer by any determination of fact common to the two litigations, then unless the seller after seasonable receipt of the notice does come in and defend he is so bound.        (b)    If the claim is one for infringement or the like (subsection (3) of § 2-312) the original seller may demand in writing that his buyer turn over to him control of the litigation including settlement or else be barred from any remedy over and if he also agrees to bear all expense and to satisfy any adverse judgment, then unless the buyer after seasonable receipt of the demand does turn over control the buyer is so barred.    (6)    The provisions of subsections (3), (4) and (5) apply to any obligation of a buyer to hold the seller harmless against infringement or the like (subsection (3) of § 2-312.)
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-608 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-608 - Revocation of Acceptance in Whole or in Part

    (1)    The buyer may revoke his acceptance of a lot or commercial unit whose nonconformity substantially impairs its value to him if he has accepted it        (a)    On the reasonable assumption that its nonconformity would be cured and it has not been seasonably cured; or        (b)    Without discovery of such nonconformity if his acceptance was reasonably induced either by the difficulty of discovery before acceptance or by the seller’s assurances.    (2)    Revocation of acceptance must occur within a reasonable time after the buyer discovers or should have discovered the ground for it and before any substantial change in condition of the goods which is not caused by their own defects. It is not effective until the buyer notifies the seller of it.    (3)    A buyer who so revokes has the same rights and duties with regard to the goods involved as if he had rejected them.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-609 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-609 - Right to Adequate Assurance of Performance

    (1)    A contract for sale imposes an obligation on each party that the other’s expectation of receiving due performance will not be impaired. When reasonable grounds for insecurity arise with respect to the performance of either party the other may in writing demand adequate assurance of due performance and until he receives such assurance may if commercially reasonable suspend any performance for which he has not already received the agreed return.    (2)    Between merchants the reasonableness of grounds for insecurity and the adequacy of any assurance offered shall be determined according to commercial standards.    (3)    Acceptance of any improper delivery or payment does not prejudice the aggrieved party’s right to demand adequate assurance of future performance.    (4)    After receipt of a justified demand failure to provide within a reasonable time not exceeding thirty days such assurance of due performance as is adequate under the circumstances of the particular case is a repudiation of the contract.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-610 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-610 - Anticipatory Repudiation

    When either party repudiates the contract with respect to a performance not yet due the loss of which will substantially impair the value of the contract to the other, the aggrieved party may        (a)    For a commercially reasonable time await performance by the repudiating party; or        (b)    Resort to any remedy for breach (§ 2-703 or § 2-711), even though he has notified the repudiating party that he would await the latter’s performance and has urged retraction; and        (c)    In either case suspend his own performance or proceed in accordance with the provisions of this title on the seller’s right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods (§ 2-704).
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-611 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-611 - Retraction of Anticipatory Repudiation

    (1)    Until the repudiating party’s next performance is due he can retract his repudiation unless the aggrieved party has since the repudiation cancelled or materially changed his position or otherwise indicated that he considers the repudiation final.    (2)    Retraction may be by any method which clearly indicates to the aggrieved party that the repudiating party intends to perform, but must include any assurance justifiably demanded under the provisions of this title (§ 2-609).    (3)    Retraction reinstates the repudiating party’s rights under the contract with due excuse and allowance to the aggrieved party for any delay occasioned by the repudiation.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-612 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-612 - "Installment Contract"; Breach

    (1)    An “installment contract” is one which requires or authorizes the delivery of goods in separate lots to be separately accepted, even though the contract contains a clause “each delivery is a separate contract” or its equivalent.    (2)    The buyer may reject any installment which is nonconforming if the nonconformity substantially impairs the value of that installment and cannot be cured or if the nonconformity is a defect in the required documents; but if the nonconformity does not fall within subsection (3) and the seller gives adequate assurance of its cure the buyer must accept that installment.    (3)    Whenever nonconformity or default with respect to one or more installments substantially impairs the value of the whole contract there is a breach of the whole. But the aggrieved party reinstates the contract if he accepts a nonconforming installment without seasonably notifying of cancellation or if he brings an action with respect only to past installments or demands performance as to future installments.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-613 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-613 - Casualty to Identified Goods

    Where the contract requires for its performance goods identified when the contract is made and the goods suffer casualty without fault of either party before the risk of loss passes to the buyer, or in a proper case under a “no arrival, no sale” term (§ 2-324) then    (a)    If the loss is total the contract is avoided; and    (b)    If the loss is partial or the goods have so deteriorated as no longer to conform to the contract the buyer may nevertheless demand inspection and at his option either treat the contract as avoided or accept the goods with due allowance from the contract price for the deterioration or the deficiency in quantity but without further right against the seller.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-614 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-614 - Substituted Performance

    (1)    Where without fault of either party the agreed berthing, loading, or unloading facilities fail or an agreed type of carrier becomes unavailable or the agreed manner of delivery otherwise becomes commercially impracticable but a commercially reasonable substitute is available, such substitute performance must be tendered and accepted.    (2)    If the agreed means or manner of payment fails because of domestic or foreign governmental regulation, the seller may withhold or stop delivery unless the buyer provides a means or manner of payment which is commercially a substantial equivalent. If delivery has already been taken, payment by the means or in the manner provided by the regulation discharges the buyer’s obligation unless the regulation is discriminatory, oppressive or predatory.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2-615 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2 - Sales|Subtitle 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse|Section 2-615 - Excuse by Failure of Presupposed Conditions

    Except so far as a seller may have assumed a greater obligation and subject to the preceding section on substituted performance:         (a)    Delay in delivery or nondelivery in whole or in part by a seller who complies with paragraphs (b) and (c) is not a breach of his duty under a contract for sale if performance as agreed has been made impracticable by the occurrence of a contingency the nonoccurrence of which was a basic assumption on which the contract was made or by compliance in good faith with any applicable foreign or domestic governmental regulation or order whether or not it later proves to be invalid.        (b)    Where the causes mentioned in paragraph (a) affect only a part of the seller’s capacity to perform, he must allocate production and deliveries among his customers but may at his option include regular customers not then under contract as well as his own requirements for further manufacture. He may so allocate in any manner which is fair and reasonable.        (c)    The seller must notify the buyer seasonably that there will be delay or nondelivery and, when allocation is required under paragraph (b), of the estimated quota thus made available for the buyer.