reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Civ Code art. 483 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 483. Ownership of fruits by accession.

In the absence of rights of other persons, the owner of a thing acquires the ownership of its natural and civil fruits. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 484 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 484. Young of animals.

The young of animals belong to the owner of the mother of them. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 485 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 485. Fruits produced by a third person; reimbursement.

When fruits that belong to the owner of a thing by accession are produced by the work of another person, or from seeds sown by him, the owner may retain them on reimbursing such person his expenses. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 486 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 486. Possessor's right to fruits.

A possessor in good faith acquires the ownership of fruits he has gathered. If he is evicted by the owner, he is entitled to reimbursement of expenses for fruits he was unable to gather. A possessor in bad faith is bound to restore to the owner the fruits he has gathered, or their value, subject to his claim for reimbursement of expenses. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 487 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 487. Possessor in good faith; definition.

For purposes of accession, a possessor is in good faith when he possesses by virtue of an act translative of ownership and does not know of any defects in his ownership. He ceases to be in good faith when these defects are made known to him or an action is instituted against him by the owner for the recovery of the thing. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 488 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 488. Products; reimbursement of expenses.

Products derived from a thing as a result of diminution of its substance belong to the owner of that thing. When they are reclaimed by the owner, a possessor in good faith has the right to reimbursement of his expenses. A possessor in bad faith does not have this right. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 489 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 489. Apportionment of fruits.

In the absence of other provisions, one who is entitled to the fruits of a thing from a certain time or up to a certain time acquires the ownership of natural fruits gathered during the existence of his right, and a part of the civil fruits proportionate to the duration of his right. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 490 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 490. Accession above and below the surface.

Unless otherwise provided by law, the ownership of a tract of land carries with it the ownership of everything that is directly above or under it. The owner may make works on, above, or below the land as he pleases, and draw all the advantages that accrue from them, unless he is restrained by law or by rights of others. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 491 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 491. Buildings, other constructions, standing timber, and crops.

Buildings, other constructions permanently attached to the ground, standing timber, and unharvested crops or ungathered fruits of trees may belong to a person other than the owner of the ground. Nevertheless, they are presumed to belong to the owner of the ground, unless separate ownership is evidenced by an instrument filed for registry in the conveyance records of the parish in which the immovable is located. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 492 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 492. Separate ownership of part of a building.

Separate ownership of a part of a building, such as a floor, an apartment, or a room, may be established only by a juridical act of the owner of the entire building when and in the manner expressly authorized by law. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 493 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 493. Ownership of improvements

Buildings, other constructions permanently attached to the ground, and plantings made on the land of another with his consent belong to him who made them. They belong to the owner of the ground when they are made without his consent. When the owner of buildings, other constructions permanently attached to the ground, or plantings no longer has the right to keep them on the land of another, he may remove them subject to his obligation to restore the property to its former condition. If he does not remove them within ninety days after written demand, the owner of the land may, after the ninetieth day from the date of mailing the written demand, appropriate ownership of the improvements by providing an additional written notice by certified mail, and upon receipt of the certified mail by the owner of the improvements, the owner of the land obtains ownership of the improvements and owes nothing to the owner of the improvements. Until such time as the owner of the land appropriates the improvements, the improvements shall remain the property of he who made them and he shall be solely responsible for any harm caused by the improvements. When buildings, other constructions permanently attached to the ground, or plantings are made on the separate property of a spouse with community assets or with separate assets of the other spouse and when such improvements are made on community property with the separate assets of a spouse, this Article does not apply. The rights of the spouses are governed by Articles 2366, 2367, and 2367.1. Acts 1984, No. 933, §1; Acts 2003, No. 715, §1. NOTE: See HCR No 306, 2004 R.S., relative to retroactive effects.
LA Civ Code art. 493.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 493.1. Ownership of component parts

Things incorporated in or attached to an immovable so as to become its component parts under Articles 465 and 466 belong to the owner of the immovable. Acts 1984, No. 933, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 493.2 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 493.2. Loss of ownership by accession; claims of former owner

One who has lost the ownership of a thing to the owner of an immovable may have a claim against him or against a third person in accordance with the following provisions. Acts 1984, No. 933, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 494 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 494. Constructions by landowner with materials of another.

When the owner of an immovable makes on it constructions, plantings, or works with materials of another, he may retain them, regardless of his good or bad faith, on reimbursing the owner of the materials their current value and repairing the injury that he may have caused to him. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 495 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 495. Things incorporated in, or attached to, an immovable with the consent of the owner of the immovable.

One who incorporates in, or attaches to, the immovable of another, with his consent, things that become component parts of the immovable under Articles 465 and 466, may, in the absence of other provisions of law or juridical acts, remove them subject to his obligation of restoring the property to its former condition. If he does not remove them after demand, the owner of the immovable may have them removed at the expense of the person who made them or elect to keep them and pay, at his option, the current value of the materials and of the workmanship or the enhanced value of the immovable.  Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 496 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 496. Constructions by possessor in good faith.

When constructions, plantings, or works are made by a possessor in good faith, the owner of the immovable may not demand their demolition and removal. He is bound to keep them and at his option to pay to the possessor either the cost of the materials and of the workmanship, or their current value, or the enhanced value of the immovable. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 497 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 497. Constructions by bad faith possessor.

When constructions, plantings, or works are made by a bad faith possessor, the owner of the immovable may keep them or he may demand their demolition and removal at the expense of the possessor, and, in addition, damages for the injury that he may have sustained. If he does not demand demolition and removal, he is bound to pay at his option either the current value of the materials and of the workmanship of the separable improvements that he has kept or the enhanced value of the immovable. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 498 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 498. Claims against third persons

One who has lost the ownership of a thing to the owner of an immovable may assert against third persons his rights under Articles 493, 493.1, 494, 495, 496, or 497 when they are evidenced by an instrument filed for registry in the appropriate conveyance or mortgage records of the parish in which the immovable is located. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1. Acts 1984, No. 933, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 499 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 499. Alluvion and dereliction.

Accretion formed successively and imperceptibly on the bank of a river or stream, whether navigable or not, is called alluvion. The alluvion belongs to the owner of the bank, who is bound to leave public that portion of the bank which is required for the public use. The same rule applies to dereliction formed by water receding imperceptibly from a bank of a river or stream. The owner of the land situated at the edge of the bank left dry owns the dereliction. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 500 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 500. Shore of the sea or of a lake.

There is no right to alluvion or dereliction on the shore of the sea or of lakes. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 501 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 501. Division of alluvion.

Alluvion formed in front of the property of several owners is divided equitably, taking into account the extent of the front of each property prior to the formation of the alluvion in issue. Each owner is entitled to a fair proportion of the area of the alluvion and a fair proportion of the new frontage on the river, depending on the relative values of the frontage and the acreage. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 502 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 502. Sudden action of waters.

If a sudden action of the waters of a river or stream carries away an identifiable piece of ground and unites it with other lands on the same or on the opposite bank, the ownership of the piece of ground so carried away is not lost. The owner may claim it within a year, or even later, if the owner of the bank with which it is united has not taken possession. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 503 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 503. Island formed by river opening a new channel.

When a river or stream, whether navigable or not, opens a new channel and surrounds riparian land making it an island, the ownership of that land is not affected. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 504 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 504. Ownership of abandoned bed when river changes course.

When a navigable river or stream abandons its bed and opens a new one, the owners of the land on which the new bed is located shall take by way of indemnification the abandoned bed, each in proportion to the quantity of land that he lost. If the river returns to the old bed, each shall take his former land. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 505 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 505. Islands and sandbars in navigable rivers.

Islands, and sandbars that are not attached to a bank, formed in the beds of navigable rivers or streams, belong to the state. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 506 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 506. Ownership of beds of nonnavigable rivers or streams.

In the absence of title or prescription, the beds of nonnavigable rivers or streams belong to the riparian owners along a line drawn in the middle of the bed. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 507 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 507. Accession as between movables.

In the absence of other provisions of law or contract, the consequences of accession as between movables are determined according to the following rules. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 508 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 508. Things principal and accessory.

Things are divided into principal and accessory. For purposes of accession as between movables, an accessory is a corporeal movable that serves the use, ornament, or complement of the principal thing. In the case of a principal thing consisting of a movable construction permanently attached to the ground, its accessories include things that would constitute its component parts under Article 466 if the construction were immovable. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1; Acts 2008, No. 632, §1, eff. July 1, 2008.
LA Civ Code art. 509 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 509. Value or bulk as a basis to determine principal thing.

In case of doubt as to which is a principal thing and which is an accessory, the most valuable, or the most bulky if value is nearly equal, shall be deemed to be principal. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 510 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 510. Union of a principal and an accessory thing.

When two corporeal movables are united to form a whole, and one of them is an accessory of the other, the whole belongs to the owner of the principal thing. The owner of the principal thing is bound to reimburse the owner of the accessory its value. The owner of the accessory may demand that it be separated and returned to him, although the separation may cause some injury to the principal thing, if the accessory is more valuable than the principal and has been used without his knowledge. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 511 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 511. Ownership of new thing made with materials of another.

When one uses materials of another to make a new thing, the thing belongs to the owner of the materials, regardless of whether they may be given their earlier form. The owner is bound to reimburse the value of the workmanship. Nevertheless, when the value of the workmanship substantially exceeds that of the materials, the thing belongs to him who made it. In this case, he is bound to reimburse the owner of the materials their value. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 512 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 512. Effect of bad faith.

If the person who made the new thing was in bad faith, the court may award its ownership to the owner of the materials. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 513 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 513. Use of materials of two owners; separation or co-ownership.

When one used partly his own materials and partly the materials of another to make a new thing, unless the materials can be conveniently separated, the thing belongs to the owners of the materials in indivision. The share of one is determined in proportion to the value of his materials and of the other in proportion to the value of his materials and workmanship. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 514 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 514. Mixture of materials.

When a new thing is formed by the mixture of materials of different owners, and none of them may be considered as principal, an owner who has not consented to the mixture may demand separation if it can be conveniently made. If separation cannot be conveniently made, the thing resulting from the mixture belongs to the owners of the materials in indivision. The share of each is determined in proportion to the value of his materials. One whose materials are far superior in value in comparison with those of any one of the others, may claim the thing resulting from the mixture. He is then bound to reimburse the others the value of their materials. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 515 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 515. Recovery of materials or value in lieu of ownership.

When an owner of materials that have been used without his knowledge for the making of a new thing acquires the ownership of that thing, he may demand that, in lieu of the ownership of the new thing, materials of the same species, quantity, weight, measure and quality or their value be delivered to him. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 516 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 516. Liability for unauthorized use of a movable.

One who uses a movable of another, without his knowledge, for the making of a new thing may be liable for the payment of damages. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 517 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 517. Voluntary transfer of ownership of an immovable

The ownership of an immovable is voluntarily transferred by a contract between the owner and the transferee that purports to transfer the ownership of the immovable. The transfer of ownership takes place between the parties by the effect of the agreement and is not effective against third persons until the contract is filed for registry in the conveyance records of the parish in which the immovable is located. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1; Acts 2005, No. 169, §2, eff. July 1, 2006; Acts 2005, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 13, §1, eff. Nov. 29, 2005.
LA Civ Code art. 518 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 518. Voluntary transfer of the ownership of a movable

The ownership of a movable is voluntarily transferred by a contract between the owner and the transferee that purports to transfer the ownership of the movable. Unless otherwise provided, the transfer of ownership takes place as between the parties by the effect of the agreement and against third persons when the possession of the movable is delivered to the transferee.  When possession has not been delivered, a subsequent transferee to whom possession is delivered acquires ownership provided he is in good faith. Creditors of the transferor may seize the movable while it is still in his possession. Acts 1984, No. 331, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 519 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 519. Transfer of action for recovery of movable.

When a movable is in the possession of a third person, the assignment of the action for the recovery of that movable suffices for the transfer of its ownership. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 521 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 521. Lost or stolen thing.

One who has possession of a lost or stolen thing may not transfer its ownership to another. For purposes of this Chapter, a thing is stolen when one has taken possession of it without the consent of its owner. A thing is not stolen when the owner delivers it or transfers its ownership to another as a result of fraud. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 522 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 522. Transfer of ownership by owner under annullable title.

A transferee of a corporeal movable in good faith and for fair value retains the ownership of the thing even though the title of the transferor is annulled on account of a vice of consent. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 523 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 523. Good faith; definition.

An acquirer of a corporeal movable is in good faith for purposes of this Chapter unless he knows, or should have known, that the transferor was not the owner. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 524 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 524. Recovery of lost or stolen things.

The owner of a lost or stolen movable may recover it from a possessor who bought it in good faith at a public auction or from a merchant customarily selling similar things on reimbursing the purchase price. The former owner of a lost, stolen, or abandoned movable that has been sold by authority of law may not recover it from the purchaser. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 525 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 525. Registered movables.

The provisions of this Chapter do not apply to movables that are required by law to be registered in public records. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 526 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 526. Recognition of ownership; recovery of the thing.

The owner of a thing is entitled to recover it from anyone who possesses or detains it without right and to obtain judgment recognizing his ownership and ordering delivery of the thing to him. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 527 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 527. Necessary expenses.

The evicted possessor, whether in good or in bad faith, is entitled to recover from the owner compensation for necessary expenses incurred for the preservation of the thing and for the discharge of private or public burdens. He is not entitled to recover expenses for ordinary maintenance or repairs. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 528 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 528. Useful expenses.

An evicted possessor in good faith is entitled to recover from the owner his useful expenses to the extent that they have enhanced the value of the thing. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 529 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 529. Right of retention.

The possessor, whether in good or in bad faith, may retain possession of the thing until he is reimbursed for expenses and improvements which he is entitled to claim. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 530 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 530. Presumption of ownership of movable.

The possessor of a corporeal movable is presumed to be its owner. The previous possessor of a corporeal movable is presumed to have been its owner during the period of his possession. These presumptions do not avail against a previous possessor who was dispossessed as a result of loss or theft. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 531 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 531. Proof of ownership of immovable.

One who claims the ownership of an immovable against another in possession must prove that he has acquired ownership from a previous owner or by acquisitive prescription. If neither party is in possession, he need only prove a better title. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 532 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 532. Common author.

When the titles of the parties are traced to a common author, he is presumed to be the previous owner. Acts 1979, No. 180, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 533 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 533. Kinds of servitudes.

There are two kinds of servitudes: personal servitudes and predial servitudes. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 534 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 534. Personal servitude.

A personal servitude is a charge on a thing for the benefit of a person. There are three sorts of personal servitudes: usufruct, habitation, and rights of use. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 535 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 535. Usufruct.

Usufruct is a real right of limited duration on the property of another. The features of the right vary with the nature of the things subject to it as consumables or nonconsumables. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 536 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 536. Consumable things.

Consumable things are those that cannot be used without being expended or consumed, or without their substance being changed, such as money, harvested agricultural products, stocks of merchandise, foodstuffs, and beverages. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 537 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 537. Nonconsumable things.

Nonconsumable things are those that may be enjoyed without alteration of their substance, although their substance may be diminished or deteriorated naturally by time or by the use to which they are applied, such as lands, houses, shares of stock, animals, furniture, and vehicles. Acts 1976, No. 103, §1.