reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 51-12-30 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 12 - Damages|Article 2 - Joint Tort-Feasors|§ 51-12-30. Procurer of Wrong as Joint Wrongdoer; How Action Brought Against Joint Wrongdoer

 In all cases, a person who maliciously procures an injury to be done to another, whether an actionable wrong or a breach of contract, is a joint wrongdoer and may be subject to an action either alone or jointly with the person who actually committed the injury.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 2954; Code 1868, § 2961; Code 1873, § 3012; Code 1882, § 3012; Civil Code 1895, § 3873; Civil Code 1910, § 4469; Code 1933, § 105-1207.)   Cross references.   - Cause of action for interference with enjoyment of property, § 51-9-1.   Law reviews.   - For article, "The Business Tort - Interference with Contractual Relationships or Business Expectations," see 19 Ga. St. B. J. 66 (1982). For survey article on labor and employment law for the period from June 1, 2002 to May 31, 2003, see 55 Mercer L. Rev. 303 (2003). For comment discussing remedy in tort for malicious breach of contract in furtherance of conspiracy, in light of Cannister Can Co. v. National Can Corp., 96 F. Supp. 273 (D.C. Del. 1951), see 14 Ga. B. J. 269 (1951).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Corporate Environment   Conspiracy   Pleadings and Practice    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 74 Am. Jur. 2d, Torts, § 64 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 86 C.J.S., Torts, § 39 et seq.   ALR.    - Liability for procuring breach of contract, 84 A.L.R. 43; 26 A.L.R.2d 1227.   Liability for procuring breach of contract, 26 A.L.R.2d 1227.   Civil liability of one instigating or inciting an assault or assault and battery notwithstanding primary or active participant therein has been absolved of liability, 72 A.L.R.2d 1229.   Right of tortfeasor guilty of only ordinary negligence to be indemnified by one guilty of intentional wrongdoing, wanton misconduct, or gross negligence, 88 A.L.R.2d 1355.   Liability of participant in unauthorized highway race for injury to third person directly caused by other racer, 13 A.L.R.3d 431.   Liability of purchaser of real estate for interference with contract between vendor and other purchaser, 27 A.L.R.3d 1227.   Liability of purchaser of real estate for interference with contract between vendor and real estate broker, 29 A.L.R.3d 1229.   Liability of real-estate broker for interference with contract between vendor and other real-estate broker, 34 A.L.R.3d 720.   Liability for interference with invalid or unenforceable contract, 96 A.L.R.3d 1294.   Punitive damages for interference with contract or business relationship, 44 A.L.R.4th 1078.
GA Code § 51-12-50 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 12 - Damages|Article 3 - Damages for Conversion of Timber|§ 51-12-50. Measure of Damages for Converted Timber; Presumption

  When a plaintiff, other than a plaintiff under Code Section 51-12-51, recovers for timber cut or cut and carried away, the measure of damages shall be:   Treble the fair market value of the trees cut as they stood;   Treble the diminished fair market value of any trees incidentally harmed;   Costs of reasonable reforestation activities related to the plaintiff's injury; and   Attorney fees and expenses of litigation.     When the defendant is a willful trespasser, the plaintiff may also recover punitive damages.   When the boundary lines of the property have been clearly and accurately marked, it shall be presumed that the defendant was a willful trespasser.    (Civil Code 1895, § 3918; Civil Code 1910, § 4515; Code 1933, § 105-2013; Ga. L. 2014, p. 695, § 7/HB 790; Ga. L. 2021, p. 584, § 1/HB 90.)    The 2021 amendment,  effective July 1, 2021, substituted "When a plaintiff, other than a plaintiff under Code Section 51-12-51," for "Except as provided in Code Section 51-12-51, when" at the beginning of subsection (a).   Law reviews.   - For comment on Rowland v. Gardner, 79 Ga. App. 153, 53 S.E.2d 198 (1949), see 12 Ga. B. J. 79 (1949).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Pleading and Practice   Application   Jury    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 52 Am. Jur. 2d, Logs and Timber, § 112 et seq.   17 Am. Jur. Pleading and Practice Forms, Logs and Timber, § 50 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 87 C.J.S., Trespass, §§ 140, 141.   ALR.    - Allowance as damages for conversion of commodities or chattels of fluctuating value, of increase in market value after the time of conversion, 40 A.L.R. 1282; 87 A.L.R. 817.    Rights and remedies in case of encroachment of trees, shrubbery, or other vegetation across boundary line, 76 A.L.R. 1111; 128 A.L.R. 1221.    Liability of owner of standing timber or timber rights for damages to the owner of the land in connection with the cutting removal of the timber by the former or his servant, or by an independent contractor, 151 A.L.R. 636.    Measure of damage for destruction of or injury to trees and shrubbery, 161 A.L.R. 549; 69 A.L.R.2d 1335.   Rights as between purchaser of timber and subsequent vendee of land, 18 A.L.R.2d 1150.   Revocation of license to cut and remove timber as affecting rights in respect of timber cut but not removed, 26 A.L.R.2d 1194.   Liability of public utility to abutting owner for destruction or injury of trees in or near highway or street, 64 A.L.R.2d 866.   Measure of damages for destruction of or injury to fruit, nut, or other productive trees, 90 A.L.R.3d 800.   Measure of damages for injury to or destruction of shade or ornamental tree or shrub, 95 A.L.R.3d 508.   Encroachment of trees, shrubbery, or other vegetation across boundary line, 65 A.L.R.4th 603.
GA Code § 51-12-71 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 12 - Damages|Article 4 - Georgia Structured Settlement Protection|§ 51-12-71. Short Title

 This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Georgia Structured Settlement Protection Act."    (Code 1981, §51-12-71, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 663, § 1/HB 443.)
GA Code § 51-12-75 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 12 - Damages|Article 4 - Georgia Structured Settlement Protection|§ 51-12-75. Transfer Orders as Qualified Orders Under Federal Statutes

 A transfer order signed by a Georgia court of competent jurisdiction in accordance with this article shall constitute a qualified order under 26 U.S.C. Section 5891. A transfer order signed by a Georgia court of competent jurisdiction after July 1, 2021, where the transferee is not a registered structured settlement purchase company at the time the transfer order is signed shall not constitute a qualified order under 26 U.S.C. Section 5891.    (Code 1981, §51-12-75, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 663, § 1/HB 443.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 2021, "July 1, 2021” was substituted for "the effective date of this article”.
GA Code § 51-12-76 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 12 - Damages|Article 4 - Georgia Structured Settlement Protection|§ 51-12-76. Separate Disclosure Statement Provided to Payee; Requirements

 Not less than ten days prior to the date on which a payee signs a transfer agreement, the transferee shall provide to the payee a separate disclosure statement, in bold type no smaller than 14 point font, setting forth the following:    The amounts and due dates of the structured settlement payments to be transferred;   The aggregate amount of such payments;   The discounted present value of the payments to be transferred, which shall be identified as the "calculation of current value of the transferred structured settlement payments under federal standards for valuing annuities,” and the amount of the Applicable Federal Rate used in calculating such discounted present value;   The gross advance amount;   An itemized listing of all applicable transfer expenses, other than attorney fees and related disbursements, payable in connection with the transferee's application for approval of the transfer, and the transferee's best estimate of the amount of any such fees and disbursements;   The effective annual interest rate, which must be disclosed in a statement in the following form: "On the basis of the net amount that you will receive from us and the amounts and timing of the structured settlement payments that you are transferring to us, you will, in effect be paying interest to us at a rate of __________ percent per year.”;   The net advance amount;   The amount of any penalties or liquidated damages payable by the payee in the event of any breach of the transfer agreement by the payee;   That the payee has the right to cancel the transfer agreement, without penalty or further obligation, until the transfer is approved by the court;   That the payee has the right to seek and receive independent professional advice regarding the proposed transfer and should consider doing so before agreeing to transfer any structured settlement payment rights; and   That the payee has the right to seek out and consider additional offers for transferring the structured settlement payments and should do so.     (Code 1981, §51-12-76, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 663, § 1/HB 443.)
GA Code § 51-12-77 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 12 - Damages|Article 4 - Georgia Structured Settlement Protection|§ 51-12-77. Approval of Transfer by Court Order; Requirements

 No direct or indirect transfer of structured settlement payment rights shall be effective, and no structured settlement obligor or annuity issuer shall be required to make any payment directly or indirectly to any transferee or assignee of structured settlement payment rights, unless the transfer has been approved in advance in a final court order based on express findings by such court that all of the following apply:    The transfer is in the best interest of the payee, taking into account the welfare and support of the payee's dependents;   The payee has been advised in writing by the transferee to seek independent professional advice regarding the transfer, and has either received such advice or knowingly waived in writing the opportunity to seek and receive such advice; and   The transfer does not contravene any applicable statute or the order of any court or other government authority.     (Code 1981, §51-12-77, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 663, § 1/HB 443.)
GA Code § 51-12-78 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 51 - Torts|Chapter 12 - Damages|Article 4 - Georgia Structured Settlement Protection|§ 51-12-78. Redirecting Payments; Liability of Transferee; Dividing Payment; Compliance

  Following a transfer of structured settlement payment rights, the structured settlement obligor and the annuity issuer may rely on the court order approving the transfer in redirecting periodic payments to an assignee or transferee in accordance with the order approving the transfer and shall, as to all parties except the transferee or an assignee designated by the transferee, be discharged and released from any and all liability for the redirected payments. Such discharge and release shall not be affected by the failure of any party to the transfer to comply with this article or with the court order approving the transfer.   The transferee shall be liable to the structured settlement obligor and the annuity issuer:   If the transfer contravenes the terms of the structured settlement, for any taxes incurred by the structured settlement obligor or annuity issuer as a consequence of the transfer; and   For any other liabilities or costs, including reasonable costs and attorney fees, arising from compliance by the structured settlement obligor or annuity issuer with the court order approving the transfer, or from the failure of any party to the transfer to comply with this article.     Neither the annuity issuer nor the structured settlement obligor may be required to divide any periodic payment between the payee and any transferee or assignee or between two or more transferees or assignees.   Any further transfer of structured settlement payment rights by the payee may be made only after compliance with all of the requirements of this article.     (Code 1981, §51-12-78, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 663, § 1/HB 443.)
GA Code § 52-1-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 52 - Waters of the State, Ports, and Watercraft|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Article 1 - Protection of Tidewaters|§ 52-1-1. Short Title

 This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Protection of Tidewaters Act."    (Code 1981, §52-1-1, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2317, § 1.)
GA Code § 52-1-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 52 - Waters of the State, Ports, and Watercraft|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Article 1 - Protection of Tidewaters|§ 52-1-2. Legislative Findings and Declaration of Policy; Public Trust Doctrine for Tidewaters

 The General Assembly finds and declares that the State of Georgia became the owner of the beds of all tidewaters within the jurisdiction of the State of Georgia as successor to the Crown of England and by the common law.The State of Georgia continues to hold title to the beds of all tidewaters within the state, except where title in a private party can be traced to a valid Crown or state grant which explicitly conveyed the beds of such tidewaters.The General Assembly further finds that the State of Georgia, as sovereign, is trustee of the rights of the people of the state to use and enjoy all tidewaters which are capable of use for fishing, passage, navigation, commerce, and transportation, pursuant to the common law public trust doctrine. Therefore, the General Assembly declares that the protection of tidewaters for use by the state and its citizens has more than local significance, is of equal importance to all citizens of the state, is of state-wide concern, and, consequently, is properly a matter for regulation under the police powers of the state.The General Assembly further finds and declares that structures located upon tidewaters which are used as places of habitation, dwelling, sojournment, or residence interfere with the state's proprietary interest or the public trust, or both, and must be removed to ensure the rights of the state and the people of the State of Georgia to the use and enjoyment of such tidewaters.It is declared to be a policy of this state and the intent of this article to protect the tidewaters of the state by authorizing the commissioner of natural resources to remove or require removal of certain structures from such tidewaters in accordance with the procedures and within the timetable set forth in this article.    (Code 1981, §52-1-2, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2317, § 1.)   Law reviews.   - For survey article on real property law, see 59 Mercer L. Rev. 371 (2007). For survey article on law of torts, see 59 Mercer L. Rev. 397 (2007).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Claim of private ownership not supported by illegible documents.    - Illegible and indecipherable documents did not support a claim of ownership to certain tidal marshland, and, pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 52-1-2, a trial court correctly ruled that the marshland at issue was owned by the State of Georgia. Black v. Floyd, 280 Ga. 525, 630 S.E.2d 382 (2006).
GA Code § 52-1-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 52 - Waters of the State, Ports, and Watercraft|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Article 1 - Protection of Tidewaters|§ 52-1-3. Definitions

 As used in this article, the term:    "Board" means the Board of Natural Resources.   "Commissioner" means the commissioner of natural resources.   "Structure" means any structure located upon any tidewaters of this state, whether such structure is floating upon such tidewaters and is made fast by the use of lines, cables, anchors, or pilings, or any combination thereof, or is built upon pilings embedded in the beds of such tidewaters when such structure is being or has been used or is capable of being used as a place of habitation, dwelling, sojournment, or residence for any length of time; is not being used or is not capable of being used as a means of transportation upon such tidewaters; and is not owned, occupied, or possessed pursuant to a permit issued by the commissioner pursuant to Code Section 52-1-10. Such structures may include, but are not limited to, vessels not being used in navigation; provided, however, that structures do not include live-aboard vessels, as defined in Code Section 52-7-8.4. Structures shall also not include fishing camps, bait shops, restaurants, or other commercial establishments permitted under Part 4 of Article 4 of Chapter 5 of Title 12, the "Coastal Marshlands Protection Act of 1970," as amended, which do not discharge sewage into the waters of this state and are operated in conformance with the zoning ordinances, if any, of the municipality or county in which they are located.   "Tidewaters" means the sea and all rivers and arms of the sea that are affected by the tide, where the tide rises and falls, which are capable of use for fishing, passage, navigation, commerce, or transportation, and which are located within the jurisdiction of the State of Georgia.     (Code 1981, §52-1-3, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2317, § 1; Ga. L. 1993, p. 91, § 52; Ga. L. 2012, p. 1074, § 4/SB 319; Ga. L. 2019, p. 741, § 2/HB 201.)    The 2019 amendment,  effective January 1, 2020, in paragraph (3), substituted "live-aboard vessels, as defined in Code Section 52-7-8.4" for "live-aboards, as defined in Code Section 12-5-282" near the end of the next-to-last sentence, and substituted "this state" for "the state" in the middle of the last sentence.
GA Code § 52-1-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 52 - Waters of the State, Ports, and Watercraft|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Article 1 - Protection of Tidewaters|§ 52-1-4. Declaration of Public Nuisance

 The existence of a structure as defined in this article is declared to be a public nuisance and unlawful.    (Code 1981, §52-1-4, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2317, § 1.)
GA Code § 52-1-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 52 - Waters of the State, Ports, and Watercraft|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Article 1 - Protection of Tidewaters|§ 52-1-5. Order for Removal of Structures; Service and Posting of Order

 Whenever the commissioner determines that any structure as defined in this article exists, the commissioner may issue an order directed "TO ALL PERSONS IN POSSESSION OR CLAIMING OWNERSHIP OF THIS STRUCTURE."The order shall describe the structure in reasonable detail, shall set forth the unlawful nature of the structure, and shall order that the structure be removed within a reasonable time after the order becomes final to be prescribed in such order. Any order issued by the commissioner under this article shall be signed by the commissioner.Any such order shall become final unless any person in possession of the structure or any person claiming ownership of or an interest in the structure requests in writing a hearing pursuant to Code Section 52-1-6. The order shall apprise the person or persons of their right to request a hearing and of the procedures necessary to obtain a hearing pursuant to Code Section 52-1-6.The order, in all cases, shall be served by initially publishing the same once each week for two successive weeks in a newspaper printed and published in the county in which the structure is located or in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the structure is located.The order shall then be served by a peace officer upon any person of suitable age and discretion found in possession of the structure or, if no such person is found in possession of the structure, the peace officer shall securely post the order in a conspicuous place on the structure.Any order so posted must be protected from the weather by encasing same in a weatherproof, transparent material.The date of service shall be stated within the order. The return of the service signed by the peace officer and filed in the office of the commissioner, stating that a copy of such order was served either upon a person of suitable age and discretion in possession of the structure personally or that no such person was found in possession of the structure and that a copy of the order was posted in a conspicuous place on the structure in accordance with this Code section, shall be sufficient evidence as to the service of such person in possession; provided, however, that where the address of the person or persons claiming ownership of the structure is known, a copy of such order shall be mailed to such persons by certified mail or statutory overnight delivery as part of the service process during the period of time that the order is being published in the newspaper.    (Code 1981, §52-1-5, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2317, § 1; Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 3.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2000, p. 1589, § 16, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the Act shall be applicable with respect to notices delivered on or after July 1, 2000.
GA Code § 52-1-6 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 52 - Waters of the State, Ports, and Watercraft|Chapter 1 - General Provisions|Article 1 - Protection of Tidewaters|§ 52-1-6. Hearings and Review

 Any person in possession of the structure or any person claiming ownership of or an interest in the structure which is the subject of an order issued pursuant to Code Section 52-1-5 or Code Section 52-1-10 shall, upon petition in writing within 30 days after service of such order, have a right to a hearing before an administrative law judge appointed by the board. Such petition must be filed with the administrative law judge and must be received by the administrative law judge within such 30 day period.The hearing before the administrative law judge shall be conducted in accordance with Chapter 13 of Title 50, the "Georgia Administrative Procedure Act," and the rules and regulations adopted by the board pursuant thereto. Unless waived by the commissioner, any person seeking a hearing has the burden of going forward with evidence regarding possession or ownership of or an interest in the structure, and the administrative law judge shall take evidence and hear arguments on this issue and thereafter make a ruling on this issue before continuing with the hearing. Any decision of the administrative law judge shall constitute the final decision of the board, and any party to the hearing, including the commissioner, shall have the right of judicial review thereof in accordance with Chapter 13 of Title 50. The hearing and review procedure provided for the petitioner in this Code section is to the exclusion of all other means of hearing or review.    (Code 1981, §52-1-6, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2317, § 1.)