reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Civ Code art. 2007 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2007. Stipulated damages or performance

An obligee may demand either the stipulated damages or performance of the principal obligation, but he may not demand both unless the damages have been stipulated for mere delay. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2008 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2008. Failure to perform justified

An obligor whose failure to perform the principal obligation is justified by a valid excuse is also relieved of liability for stipulated damages. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2009 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2009. Obligee not bound to prove damage

An obligee who avails himself of a stipulated damages clause need not prove the actual damage caused by the obligor's nonperformance, defective performance, or delay in performance. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2010 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2010. Obligor put in default

 An obligee may not avail himself of a clause stipulating damages for delay unless the obligor has been put in default. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2011 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2011. Benefit from partial performance

Stipulated damages for nonperformance may be reduced in proportion to the benefit derived by the obligee from any partial performance rendered by the obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2012 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2012. Stipulated damages may not be modified

Stipulated damages may not be modified by the court unless they are so manifestly unreasonable as to be contrary to public policy. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2013 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2013. Obligee's right to dissolution

When the obligor fails to perform, the obligee has a right to the judicial dissolution of the contract or, according to the circumstances, to regard the contract as dissolved. In either case, the obligee may recover damages. In an action involving judicial dissolution, the obligor who failed to perform may be granted, according to the circumstances, an additional time to perform. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2014 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2014. Importance of failure to perform

A contract may not be dissolved when the obligor has rendered a substantial part of the performance and the part not rendered does not substantially impair the interest of the obligee. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2015 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2015. Dissolution after notice to perform

Upon a party's failure to perform, the other may serve him a notice to perform within a certain time, with a warning that, unless performance is rendered within that time, the contract shall be deemed dissolved. The time allowed for that purpose must be reasonable according to the circumstances. The notice to perform is subject to the requirements governing a putting of the obligor in default and, for the recovery of damages for delay, shall have the same effect as a putting of the obligor in default. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2016 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2016. Dissolution without notice to perform

When a delayed performance would no longer be of value to the obligee or when it is evident that the obligor will not perform, the obligee may regard the contract as dissolved without any notice to the obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2017 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2017. Express dissolution clause

The parties may expressly agree that the contract shall be dissolved for the failure to perform a particular obligation. In that case, the contract is deemed dissolved at the time it provides for or, in the absence of such a provision, at the time the obligee gives notice to the obligor that he avails himself of the dissolution clause. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2018 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2018. Effects of dissolution

Upon dissolution of a contract, the parties shall be restored to the situation that existed before the contract was made. If restoration in kind is impossible or impracticable, the court may award damages. If partial performance has been rendered and that performance is of value to the party seeking to dissolve the contract, the dissolution does not preclude recovery for that performance, whether in contract or quasi-contract. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2019 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2019. Contracts for continuous or periodic performance

In contracts providing for continuous or periodic performance, the effect of the dissolution shall not be extended to any performance already rendered. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2020 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2020. Contracts made by more than two parties

When a contract has been made by more than two parties, one party's failure to perform may not cause dissolution of the contract for the other parties, unless the performance that failed was essential to the contract. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2021 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2021. Rights of third party in good faith

Dissolution of a contract does not impair the rights acquired through an onerous contract by a third party in good faith. If the contract involves immovable property, the principles of recordation apply to a third person acquiring an interest in the property whether by onerous or gratuitous title. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. July 1, 1985; Acts 2005, No. 169, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 2006; Acts 2005, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 13, §1, eff. Nov. 29, 2005.
LA Civ Code art. 2022 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2022. Refusal to perform

Either party to a commutative contract may refuse to perform his obligation if the other has failed to perform or does not offer to perform his own at the same time, if the performances are due simultaneously. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2023 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2023. Security for performance

If the situation of a party, financial or otherwise, has become such as to clearly endanger his ability to perform an obligation, the other party may demand in writing that adequate security be given and, upon failure to give that security, that party may withhold or discontinue his own performance. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2024 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2024. Contract terminated by a party's initiative

A contract of unspecified duration may be terminated at the will of either party by giving notice, reasonable in time and form, to the other party. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2025 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2025. Definition; simulation and counterletter

A contract is a simulation when, by mutual agreement, it does not express the true intent of the parties. If the true intent of the parties is expressed in a separate writing, that writing is a counterletter. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2026 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2026. Absolute simulation

A simulation is absolute when the parties intend that their contract shall produce no effects between them. That simulation, therefore, can have no effects between the parties. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2027 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2027. Relative simulation

A simulation is relative when the parties intend that their contract shall produce effects between them though different from those recited in their contract. A relative simulation produces between the parties the effects they intended if all requirements for those effects have been met. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2028 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2028. Effects as to third persons

Any simulation, either absolute or relative, may have effects as to third persons. Counterletters can have no effects against third persons in good faith. Nevertheless, if the counterletter involves immovable property, the principles of recordation apply with respect to third persons. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2012, No. 277, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2029 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2029. Nullity of contracts

A contract is null when the requirements for its formation have not been met. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2030 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2030. Absolute nullity of contracts

A contract is absolutely null when it violates a rule of public order, as when the object of a contract is illicit or immoral. A contract that is absolutely null may not be confirmed. Absolute nullity may be invoked by any person or may be declared by the court on its own initiative. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2031 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2031. Relative nullity of contracts

A contract is relatively null when it violates a rule intended for the protection of private parties, as when a party lacked capacity or did not give free consent at the time the contract was made. A contract that is only relatively null may be confirmed. Relative nullity may be invoked only by those persons for whose interest the ground for nullity was established, and may not be declared by the court on its own initiative. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2032 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2032. Prescription of action

Action for annulment of an absolutely null contract does not prescribe. Action of annulment of a relatively null contract must be brought within five years from the time the ground for nullity either ceased, as in the case of incapacity or duress, or was discovered, as in the case of error or fraud. Nullity may be raised at any time as a defense against an action on the contract, even after the action for annulment has prescribed. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2033 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2033. Effects

An absolutely null contract, or a relatively null contract that has been declared null by the court, is deemed never to have existed. The parties must be restored to the situation that existed before the contract was made. If it is impossible or impracticable to make restoration in kind, it may be made through an award of damages. Nevertheless, a performance rendered under a contract that is absolutely null because its object or its cause is illicit or immoral may not be recovered by a party who knew or should have known of the defect that makes the contract null. The performance may be recovered, however, when that party invokes the nullity to withdraw from the contract before its purpose is achieved and also in exceptional situations when, in the discretion of the court, that recovery would further the interest of justice. Absolute nullity may be raised as a defense even by a party who, at the time the contract was made, knew or should have known of the defect that makes the contract null. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2034 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2034. Nullity of a provision

Nullity of a provision does not render the whole contract null unless, from the nature of the provision or the intention of the parties, it can be presumed that the contract would not have been made without the null provision. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2035 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2035. Rights of third party in good faith

Nullity of a contract does not impair the rights acquired through an onerous contract by a third party in good faith. If the contract involves immovable property, the principles of recordation apply to a third person acquiring an interest in the property whether by onerous or gratuitous title. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2005, No. 169, §2, eff. July 1, 2006; Acts 2005, 1st Ex. Sess., No. 13, §1, eff. Nov. 29, 2005.
LA Civ Code art. 2036 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2036. Act of the obligor that causes or increases his insolvency

An obligee has a right to annul an act of the obligor, or the result of a failure to act of the obligor, made or effected after the right of the obligee arose, that causes or increases the obligor's insolvency. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2003, No. 552, §1; Acts 2004, No. 447, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2037 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2037. Insolvency

An obligor is insolvent when the total of his liabilities exceeds the total of his fairly appraised assets. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2003, No. 552, §1; Acts 2004, No. 447, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2038 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2038. Onerous contract made by the obligor

An obligee may annul an onerous contract made by the obligor with a person who knew or should have known that the contract would cause or increase the obligor's insolvency. In that case, the person is entitled to recover what he gave in return only to the extent that it has inured to the benefit of the obligor's creditors. An obligee may annul an onerous contract made by the obligor with a person who did not know that the contract would cause or increase the obligor's insolvency, but in that case that person is entitled to recover as much as he gave to the obligor. That lack of knowledge is presumed when that person has given at least four-fifths of the value of the thing obtained in return from the obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2039 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2039. Gratuitous contract made by the obligor

An obligee may attack a gratuitous contract made by the obligor whether or not the other party knew that the contract would cause or increase the obligor's insolvency. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2040 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2040. Contract made in course of business

An obligee may not annul a contract made by the obligor in the regular course of his business. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2041 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2041. Action must be brought within one year

  The action of the obligee must be brought within one year from the time he learned or should have learned of the act, or the result of the failure to act, of the obligor that the obligee seeks to annul, but never after three years from the date of that act or result.  Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985; Acts 2013, No. 88, §1; Acts 2021, No. 414, §1.
LA Civ Code art. 2042 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2042. Obligee must join obligor and third persons

In an action to annul either his obligor's act, or the result of his obligor's failure to act, the obligee must join the obligor and the third persons involved in that act or failure to act. A third person joined in the action may plead discussion of the obligor's assets. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2043 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2043. Assets transferred must be returned

If an obligee establishes his right to annul his obligor's act, or the result of his obligor's failure to act, that act or result shall be annulled only to the extent that it affects the obligee's right. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2044 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2044. Insolvency by failure to exercise right

If an obligor causes or increases his insolvency by failing to exercise a right, the obligee may exercise it himself, unless the right is strictly personal to the obligor. For that purpose, the obligee must join in the suit his obligor and the third person against whom that right is asserted. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2045 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2045. Determination of the intent of the parties

Interpretation of a contract is the determination of the common intent of the parties. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2046 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2046. No further interpretation when intent is clear

When the words of a contract are clear and explicit and lead to no absurd consequences, no further interpretation may be made in search of the parties' intent. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2047 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2047. Meaning of words

The words of a contract must be given their generally prevailing meaning. Words of art and technical terms must be given their technical meaning when the contract involves a technical matter. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2048 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2048. Words susceptible of different meanings

Words susceptible of different meanings must be interpreted as having the meaning that best conforms to the object of the contract. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2049 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2049. Provision susceptible of different meanings

A provision susceptible of different meanings must be interpreted with a meaning that renders it effective and not with one that renders it ineffective. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2050 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2050. Provisions interpreted in light of each other

Each provision in a contract must be interpreted in light of the other provisions so that each is given the meaning suggested by the contract as a whole. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2051 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2051. Contract worded in general terms

Although a contract is worded in general terms, it must be interpreted to cover only those things it appears the parties intended to include. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2052 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2052. Situation to which the contract applies

When the parties intend a contract of general scope but, to eliminate doubt, include a provision that describes a specific situation, interpretation must not restrict the scope of the contract to that situation alone. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2053 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2053. Nature of contract, equity, usages, conduct of the parties, and other contracts between same parties

A doubtful provision must be interpreted in light of the nature of the contract, equity, usages, the conduct of the parties before and after the formation of the contract, and of other contracts of a like nature between the same parties. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2054 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2054. No provision of the parties for a particular situation

When the parties made no provision for a particular situation, it must be assumed that they intended to bind themselves not only to the express provisions of the contract, but also to whatever the law, equity, or usage regards as implied in a contract of that kind or necessary for the contract to achieve its purpose. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2055 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2055. Equity and usage

Equity, as intended in the preceding articles, is based on the principles that no one is allowed to take unfair advantage of another and that no one is allowed to enrich himself unjustly at the expense of another. Usage, as intended in the preceding articles, is a practice regularly observed in affairs of a nature identical or similar to the object of a contract subject to interpretation. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2056 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2056. Standard-form contracts

In case of doubt that cannot be otherwise resolved, a provision in a contract must be interpreted against the party who furnished its text. A contract executed in a standard form of one party must be interpreted, in case of doubt, in favor of the other party. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2057 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2057. Contract interpreted in favor of obligor

In case of doubt that cannot be otherwise resolved, a contract must be interpreted against the obligee and in favor of the obligor of a particular obligation. Yet, if the doubt arises from lack of a necessary explanation that one party should have given, or from negligence or fault of one party, the contract must be interpreted in a manner favorable to the other party whether obligee or obligor. Acts 1984, No. 331, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1985.
LA Civ Code art. 2292 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2292. Management of affairs; definition

There is a management of affairs when a person, the manager, acts without authority to protect the interests of another, the owner, in the reasonable belief that the owner would approve of the action if made aware of the circumstances. Acts 1995, No. 1041, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.
LA Civ Code art. 2293 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2293. Application of rules governing mandate

A management of affairs is subject to the rules of mandate to the extent those rules are compatible with management of affairs. Acts 1995, No. 1041, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.
LA Civ Code art. 2294 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2294. Duties of the manager; notice to the owner

The manager is bound, when the circumstances so warrant, to give notice to the owner that he has undertaken the management and to wait for the directions of the owner, unless there is immediate danger. Acts 1995, No. 1041, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.
LA Civ Code art. 2295 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2295. Duties of the manager; liability for loss

The manager must exercise the care of a prudent administrator and is answerable for any loss that results from his failure to do so. The court, considering the circumstances, may reduce the amount due the owner on account of the manager's failure to act as a prudent administrator. Acts 1995, No. 1041, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.
LA Civ Code art. 2296 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2296. Capacity

An incompetent person or a person of limited legal capacity may be the owner of an affair, but he may not be a manager. When such a person manages the affairs of another, the rights and duties of the parties are governed by the law of enrichment without cause or the law of delictual obligations. Acts 1995, No. 1041, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.
LA Civ Code art. 2297 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2297. Obligations of the owner

The owner whose affair has been managed is bound to fulfill the obligations that the manager has undertaken as a prudent administrator and to reimburse the manager for all necessary and useful expenses. Acts 1995, No. 1041, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.
LA Civ Code art. 2298 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Civil Code|Art. 2298. Enrichment without cause; compensation

A person who has been enriched without cause at the expense of another person is bound to compensate that person. The term "without cause" is used in this context to exclude cases in which the enrichment results from a valid juridical act or the law. The remedy declared here is subsidiary and shall not be available if the law provides another remedy for the impoverishment or declares a contrary rule. The amount of compensation due is measured by the extent to which one has been enriched or the other has been impoverished, whichever is less. The extent of the enrichment or impoverishment is measured as of the time the suit is brought or, according to the circumstances, as of the time the judgment is rendered. Acts 1995, No. 1041, §1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996.