reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
KS Stat § 60-402 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-402 Scope of rules.

60-402. Scope of rules. Except to the extent to which they may be relaxed by other procedural rule or statute applicable to the specific situation, the rules set forth in this article shall apply in every proceeding, both criminal and civil, conducted by or under the supervision of a court, in which evidence is produced.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-402; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-403 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-403 Exclusionary rules not to apply to undisputed matter.

60-403. Exclusionary rules not to apply to undisputed matter. If upon the hearing there is no bona fide dispute between the parties as to a material fact, such fact may be proved by any relevant evidence, and exclusionary rules shall not apply, subject, however, to K.S.A. 60-445 and any valid claim of privilege.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-403; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-404 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-404 Effect of erroneous admission of evidence.

60-404. Effect of erroneous admission of evidence. A verdict or finding shall not be set aside, nor shall the judgment or decision based thereon be reversed, by reason of the erroneous admission of evidence unless there appears of record objection to the evidence timely interposed and so stated as to make clear the specific ground of objection.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-404; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-405 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-405 Effect of erroneous exclusion of evidence.

60-405. Effect of erroneous exclusion of evidence. A verdict or finding shall not be set aside, nor shall the judgment or decision based thereon be reversed, by reason of the erroneous exclusion of evidence unless it appears of record that the proponent of the evidence either made known the substance of the evidence in a form and by a method approved by the judge, or indicated the substance of the expected evidence by questions indicating the desired answers.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-405; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-406 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-406 Limited admissibility.

60-406. Limited admissibility. When relevant evidence is admissible as to one party or for one purpose and is inadmissible as to other parties or for another purpose, the judge upon request shall restrict the evidence to its proper scope and instruct the jury accordingly.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-406; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-407 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-407 General abolition of disqualifications and privileges of witnesses, and of exclusionary rules.

60-407. General abolition of disqualifications and privileges of witnesses, and of exclusionary rules. Except as otherwise provided by statute (a) every person is qualified to be a witness, and (b) no person has a privilege to refuse to be a witness, and (c) no person is disqualified to testify to any matter, and (d) no person has a privilege to refuse to disclose any matter or to produce any object or writing, and (e) no person has a privilege that another shall not be a witness or shall not disclose any matter or shall not produce any object or writing, and (f) all relevant evidence is admissible.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-407; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-408 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-408 Preliminary inquiry by judge.

60-408. Preliminary inquiry by judge. When the qualification of a person to be a witness, or the admissibility of evidence, or the existence of a privilege is stated in this article to be subject to a condition, and the fulfillment of the condition is in issue, the issue is to be determined by the judge, and he or she shall indicate to the parties which one has the burden of producing evidence and the burden of proof on such issue as implied by the section under which the question arises. The judge may hear and determine such matters out of the presence or hearing of the jury, except that on the admissibility of a confession of the accused in a criminal case, the judge, if requested, shall hear and determine the question out of the presence and hearing of the jury. But this section shall not be construed to limit the right of a party to introduce before the jury evidence relevant to weight or credibility.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-408; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-409 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-409 Facts which must or may be judicially noticed.

60-409. Facts which must or may be judicially noticed. (a) Judicial notice shall be taken without request by a party, of the common law, constitutions and public statutes in force in every state, territory and jurisdiction of the United States, and of such specific facts and propositions of generalized knowledge as are so universally known that they cannot reasonably be the subject of dispute.(b) Judicial notice may be taken without request by a party, of (1) private acts and resolutions of the Congress of the United States and of the legislature of this state, and duly enacted ordinances and duly published regulations of governmental subdivisions or agencies of this state, and (2) the laws of foreign countries and (3) such facts as are so generally known or of such common notoriety within the territorial jurisdiction of the court that they cannot reasonably be the subject of dispute, and (4) specific facts and propositions of generalized knowledge which are capable of immediate and accurate determination by resort to easily accessible sources of indisputable accuracy.(c) Judicial notice shall be taken of each matter specified in subsection (b) of this section if a party requests it and (1) furnishes the judge sufficient information to enable him or her properly to comply with the request and (2) has given each adverse party such notice as the judge may require to enable the adverse party to prepare to meet the request.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-409; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-410 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-410 Determination as to propriety of judicial notice and tenor of matter noticed.

60-410. Determination as to propriety of judicial notice and tenor of matter noticed. (a) The judge shall afford each party reasonable opportunity to present to him or her information relevant to the propriety of taking judicial notice of a matter or to the tenor of the matter to be noticed.(b) In determining the propriety of taking judicial notice of a matter or the tenor thereof, (1) the judge may consult and use any source of pertinent information, whether or not furnished by a party; and (2) no exclusionary rule except a valid claim of privilege shall apply.(c) If the information possessed by or readily available to the judge, whether or not furnished by the parties, fails to convince the judge that a matter falls clearly within K.S.A. 60-409, or if it is insufficient to enable him or her to notice the matter judicially, he or she shall decline to take judicial notice thereof.(d) In any event the determination either by judicial notice or from evidence of the applicability and the tenor of any matter of common law, constitutional law, or of any statute, private act, resolution, ordinance or regulation falling within K.S.A. 60-409, shall be a matter for the judge and not for the jury.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-410; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-411 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-411 Instructing the trier of fact as to matter judicially noticed.

60-411. Instructing the trier of fact as to matter judicially noticed. If a matter judicially noticed is other than the common law or constitution or public statutes of this state, the judge shall indicate for the record the matter which is judicially noticed and if the matter would otherwise have been for determination by a trier of fact other than the judge, he or she shall instruct the trier of the fact to accept as a fact the matter so noticed.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-411; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-412 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-412 Judicial notice in proceedings subsequent to trial.

60-412. Judicial notice in proceedings subsequent to trial. (a) The failure or refusal of the judge to take judicial notice of a matter, or to instruct the trier of fact with respect to the matter, shall not preclude the judge from taking judicial notice of the matter in subsequent proceedings in the action.(b) The rulings of the judge under K.S.A. 60-409, 60-410 and 60-411 are subject to review as are other rulings under the provisions of this article.(c) The reviewing court in its discretion may take judicial notice of any matter specified in K.S.A. 60-409 whether or not judicially noticed by the judge.(d) A judge or a reviewing court taking judicial notice under subsection (a) or (c) of this section of matter not theretofore so noticed in the action shall afford the parties reasonable opportunity to present information relevant to the propriety of taking such judicial notice and to the tenor of the matter to be noticed.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-412; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-413 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-413 Definition.

60-413. Definition. A presumption is an assumption of fact resulting from a rule of law which requires such fact to be assumed from another fact or group of facts found or otherwise established in the action.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-413; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-414 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-414 Effect of presumptions.

60-414. Effect of presumptions. Subject to K.S.A. 60-416, and except for presumptions which are conclusive or irrefutable under the rules of law from which they arise, (a) if the facts from which the presumption is derived have any probative value as evidence of the existence of the presumed fact, the presumption continues to exist and the burden of establishing the nonexistence of the presumed fact is upon the party against whom the presumption operates; (b) if the facts from which the presumption arises have no probative value as evidence of the presumed fact, the presumption does not exist when evidence is introduced which would support a finding of the nonexistence of the presumed fact, and the fact which would otherwise be presumed shall be determined from the evidence exactly as if no presumption was or had ever been involved.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-414; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-415 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-415 Inconsistent presumptions.

60-415. Inconsistent presumptions. If two presumptions arise which are conflicting with each other the judge shall apply the presumption which is founded on the weightier consideration of policy and logic. If there is no such preponderance both presumptions shall be disregarded.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-415; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-416 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-416 Burden of proof not relaxed as to some presumptions.

60-416. Burden of proof not relaxed as to some presumptions. A presumption, which by a rule of law may be overcome only by proof beyond a reasonable doubt, or by clear and convincing evidence, shall not be affected by K.S.A. 60-414 or 60-415 and the burden of proof to overcome it continues on the party against whom the presumption operates.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-416; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-417 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-417 Disqualification of witness; interpreters.

60-417. Disqualification of witness; interpreters. A person is disqualified to be a witness if the judge finds that (a) the proposed witness is incapable of expressing himself or herself concerning the matter so as to be understood by the judge and jury either directly or through interpretation by one who can understand him or her, or (b) the proposed witness is incapable of understanding the duty of a witness to tell the truth. An interpreter is subject to all the provisions of this article relating to witnesses.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-417; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-418 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-418 Oath.

60-418. Oath. Every witness before testifying shall be required to express his or her purpose to testify by the oath or affirmation required by law.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-418; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-419 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-419 Prerequisites of knowledge and experience.

60-419. Prerequisites of knowledge and experience. As a prerequisite for the testimony of a witness on a relevant or material matter, there must be evidence that he or she has personal knowledge thereof, or experience, training or education if such be required. Such evidence may be by the testimony of the witness himself or herself. The judge may reject the testimony of a witness that the witness perceived a matter if the judge finds that no trier of fact could reasonably believe that the witness did perceive the matter. The judge may receive conditionally the testimony of the witness as to a relevant or material matter, subject to the evidence of knowledge, experience, training or education being later supplied in the course of the trial.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-419; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-420 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-420 Evidence generally affecting credibility.

60-420. Evidence generally affecting credibility. Subject to K.S.A. 60-421 and 60-422, for the purpose of impairing or supporting the credibility of a witness, any party including the party calling the witness may examine the witness and introduce extrinsic evidence concerning any conduct by him or her and any other matter relevant upon the issues of credibility.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-420; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-421 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-421 Limitations on evidence of conviction of crime as affecting credibility.

60-421. Limitations on evidence of conviction of crime as affecting credibility. Evidence of the conviction of a witness for a crime not involving dishonesty or false statement shall be inadmissible for the purpose of impairing his or her credibility. If the witness be the accused in a criminal proceeding, no evidence of his or her conviction of a crime shall be admissible for the sole purpose of impairing his or her credibility unless the witness has first introduced evidence admissible solely for the purpose of supporting his or her credibility.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-421; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-422 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-422 Further limitations on admissibility of evidence affecting credibility.

60-422. Further limitations on admissibility of evidence affecting credibility. As affecting the credibility of a witness (a) in examining the witness as to a statement made by him or her in writing inconsistent with any part of his or her testimony it shall not be necessary to show or read to the witness any part of the writing provided that if the judge deems it feasible the time and place of the writing and the name of the person addressed, if any, shall be indicated to the witness; (b) extrinsic evidence of prior contradictory statements, whether oral or written, made by the witness, may in the discretion of the judge be excluded unless the witness was so examined while testifying as to give him or her an opportunity to identify, explain or deny the statement; (c) evidence of traits of his or her character other than honesty or veracity or their opposites, shall be inadmissible; (d) evidence of specific instances of his or her conduct relevant only as tending to prove a trait of his or her character, shall be inadmissible.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-422; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-423 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-423 Privilege of accused.

60-423. Privilege of accused. (a) Every person has in any criminal action in which he or she is an accused a privilege not to be called as a witness and not to testify.(b) An accused in a criminal action has a privilege to prevent his or her spouse from testifying in such action with respect to any confidential communication had or made between them while they were husband and wife, excepting only (1) in an action in which the accused is charged with (i) a crime involving the marriage relation, or (ii) a crime against the person or property of the other spouse or the child of either spouse, or (iii) a desertion of the other spouse or a child of either spouse, or (2) as to the communication, in an action in which the accused offers evidence of a communication between himself or herself and his or her spouse.(c) An accused in a criminal action has no privilege to refuse, when ordered by the judge, to present his or her person for identification or do any act in the presence of the judge or the trier of the facts, except to refuse to be a witness against himself or herself.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-423; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-424 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-424 Definition of incrimination.

60-424. Definition of incrimination. A matter will incriminate a person within the meaning of this article if it constitutes, or forms an essential part of, or, taken in connection with other matters disclosed, is a basis for a reasonable inference of such a violation of the laws of this state as to subject the person to liability to punishment therefor, unless he or she has become for any reason permanently immune from punishment for such violation.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-424; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-425 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-425 Self-incrimination.

60-425. Self-incrimination. Subject to K.S.A. 60-423 and 60-437, every natural person has a privilege, which he or she may claim, to refuse to disclose in an action or to a public official of this state or the United States or any other state or any governmental agency or division thereof any matter that will incriminate such person.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-425; Jan. 1, 1964.
KS Stat § 60-426a (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-426a Attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver.

60-426a. Attorney-client privilege and work product; limitations on waiver. The following provisions apply, in the circumstances set out, to disclosure of a communication or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection.(a) Disclosure made in a court or agency proceeding; scope of waiver. When the disclosure is made in a court or agency proceeding and waives the attorney-client privilege or work-product protection, the waiver extends to an undisclosed communication or information in any proceeding only if:(1) The waiver is intentional;(2) the disclosed and undisclosed communications or information concern the same subject matter; and(3) they ought in fairness be considered together.(b) Inadvertent disclosure. When made in a court or agency proceeding, the disclosure does not operate as a waiver in any proceeding if:(1) The disclosure is inadvertent;(2) the holder of the privilege or protection took reasonable steps to prevent disclosure; and(3) the holder promptly took reasonable steps to rectify the error, including, if applicable, following subsection (b)(7)(B) of K.S.A. 60-226, and amendments thereto.(c) Disclosure made in a non-Kansas proceeding. When the disclosure is made in a non-Kansas proceeding and is not the subject of a court order concerning waiver, the disclosure does not operate as a waiver in a Kansas proceeding if the disclosure:(1) Would not be a waiver under this section if it had been made in a Kansas proceeding; or(2) is not a waiver under the law of the jurisdiction where the disclosure occurred.(d) Controlling effect of a court order. A court may order that the privilege or protection is not waived by disclosure connected with the litigation pending before the court, in which event the disclosure is also not a waiver in any other proceeding.(e) Controlling effect of a party agreement. An agreement on the effect of disclosure in a proceeding is binding only on the parties to the agreement, unless it is incorporated into a court order.(f) Definitions. As used in this section:(1) "Attorney-client privilege" means the protection that applicable law provides for confidential attorney-client communications.(2) "Work-product protection" means the protection that applicable law provides for tangible material, or its intangible equivalent, prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial.History: L. 2011, ch. 96, § 1; July 1.
KS Stat § 60-428 (2021)
2021 Kansas Statutes|Chapter 60 - Procedure, Civil|Article 4 - Rules Of Evidence|60-428 Marital privilege, confidential communications.

60-428. Marital privilege, confidential communications. (a) General rule. Subject to K.S.A. 60-437 and except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, a spouse who transmitted to the other the information which constitutes the communication, has a privilege during the marital relationship which he or she may claim whether or not a party to the action, to refuse to disclose and to prevent the other from disclosing communications found by the judge to have been had or made in confidence between them while husband and wife. The other spouse or either his or her guardian or conservator may claim the privilege on behalf of the spouse having the privilege.(b) Exceptions. Neither spouse may claim such privilege (1) in an action by one spouse against the other spouse, or (2) in an action for damages for the alienation of the affections of the other, or for criminal conversation with the other, or (3) in a criminal action in which one of them is charged with a crime against the person or property of the other or of a child of either, or a crime against the person or property of a third person committed in the course of committing a crime against the other, or bigamy or adultery, or desertion of the other or of a child of either, or (4) in a criminal action in which the accused offers evidence of a communication between him or her and his or her spouse, or (5) if the judge finds that sufficient evidence, aside from the communication, has been introduced to warrant a finding that the communication was made, in whole or in part, to enable or aid anyone to commit or to plan to commit a crime or a tort.(c) Termination. A spouse who would otherwise have a privilege under this section has no such privilege if the judge finds that such spouse while the holder of the privilege testified or caused another to testify in any action to any communication between the spouses upon the same subject matter.History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-428; L. 1965, ch. 354, § 9; Jan. 1, 1966.