reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
29 V.S.A. § 409
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 11 - Management of Lakes and Ponds|§ 409. Injunction

§ 409. Injunction|Any person aggrieved by any violation of this chapter, or the Attorney General at the request of the Department, may institute any appropriate action in the Superior Court of the county in which a proposed or existing encroachment is located to prevent, restrain, correct, or abate any violation of this chapter or of the conditions of any permit issued under this chapter. (Added 1967, No. 308 (Adj. Sess.), § 9, eff. March 22, 1968; amended 1969, No. 281 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1971, No. 185 (Adj. Sess.), § 208, eff. March 29, 1972; 1975, No. 162 (Adj. Sess.), § 8, eff. March 15, 1976; 1981, No. 222 (Adj. Sess.), § 41; 2003, No. 115 (Adj. Sess.), § 114.)
29 V.S.A. § 410
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 11 - Management of Lakes and Ponds|§ 410. Rulemaking; encroachments on public waters

§ 410. Rulemaking; encroachments on public waters|The Department may adopt rules to implement the requirements of this chapter. (Added 2011, No. 138 (Adj. Sess.), § 25, eff. May 14, 2012.)
29 V.S.A. § 501
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 501. Title of chapter

§ 501. Title of chapter|This chapter shall be known as the Vermont Natural Gas and Oil Conservation Act. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 502
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 502. Purposes

§ 502. Purposes|(a) The prevention of waste of oil and gas, the promotion of conservation, and the protection of correlative rights of owners are declared to be in the public interest.(b) The purposes of this chapter are to:  (1) encourage oil and gas exploration and production; (2) protect property rights and interests of all citizens; (3) prevent long-term harm to the environment and other resources that might occur through oil and gas activities; (4) protect correlative rights; (5) prevent undue waste of oil and gas; (6) promote greatest ultimate recovery of oil and gas, consistent with technology and economic conditions.   (c) This purpose requires the creation of a Vermont Natural Gas and Oil Resources Board to administer and enforce the provisions of this chapter.(d) Whenever the Board exercises discretion and authority under this act, it shall do so only under the standards and purposes described in subsection (b) of this section. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 504
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 504. Composition of the Board

§ 504. Composition of the Board|(a) The Board shall consist of five members who shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate. Appointments shall be for a term of three years and, in the event of death or resignation, successors shall serve out the term of the deceased or resigned member. The terms of members initially appointed shall be set so that not more than two terms shall expire in the same year. Annually, in February after new appointments, the Governor shall designate a chair.(b) In order for the Board to function in the best interests of the people of the State, Board members should have a knowledge of one or more of the following: geology, engineering, law, State and local government, economic development, environmental protection, regional planning, agriculture, or related fields of knowledge.(c) A person in the employ of or holding any official relation to any company subject to the supervision of the Board, or engaged in the management of such company, or owning stock, bonds, or other securities thereof, or who is, in any manner, connected with the operation of such company in this State, shall not be a member of the Board.(d) No member of the Board shall participate in any action of the Board that involves himself or herself or any person engaged in oil and gas development in which he or she has a financial interest.(e) Each prospective appointee or member of the Board shall have the affirmative duty to disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest to the other members of the Board. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 511
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 511. Hearings conducted by examiners

§ 511. Hearings conducted by examiners|(a) The Board may provide for the appointment of one or more examiners to conduct hearings with respect to any matter properly coming before the Board and to make reports and recommendations to the Board with respect thereto. The Board shall provide for compensation to be paid for services performed as an examiner.(b) The Board shall adopt rules with regard to hearings to be conducted before examiners. The rules also shall provide procedures for rehearing before the Board and times within which requests for a rehearing must be made. Upon request of an interested party, the Board shall hold a rehearing.(c) The Board may enter orders based upon the reports and recommendations of its examiners.  (1) If an order grants the request of an applicant and no objection has been made or filed before or during the hearing before the examiner, the order shall be effective immediately. (2) If an order denies the request of the applicant, in whole or in part, or if a timely protest to the granting of an application is made or filed, the order shall not become effective if a request for rehearing is made; and shall become effective only when either all interested parties have waived their right to rehearing or the time to request a rehearing has expired.   (d) After an order based on a hearing before an examiner has become effective, it shall have the same force and effect as if the hearing had been conducted before the Board. If a timely request for rehearing is made, the Board may deny rehearing or affirm, revoke, or modify the order. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 512
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 512. Hearings conducted by the Board

§ 512. Hearings conducted by the Board|(a) Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter or any rule of the Board, any hearing on any matter or proceeding may be held before the Board if the Board desires to hear the matter; or if the matter is initiated on the motion of the Board and is for the purpose of enforcing, amending, establishing, or revoking a statewide rule, regulation, or order; or if any person who may be affected by the matter or proceeding files with the Board, more than 10 days prior to the date set for the hearing, a written objection to the hearing before an examiner.(b) The parties shall have the right to present additional testimony and documentary evidence at any rehearing. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 513
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 513. Subpoena

§ 513. Subpoena|(a) In any matter properly before it, the Board may compel the attendance of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence. A party shall be entitled to the issuance of subpoenas by making a written request. In all other respects, the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply to the proceedings before the Board.(b) A person aggrieved by a subpoena issued by the Board may petition a Superior judge, who may issue any order authorized in civil cases to protect a party from improper discovery.(c) A person who disobeys a proper subpoena of the Board or refuses to take an oath or affirmation properly required by the Board shall be liable to the penalty and attachment provided in Title 12 for disobeying a judicial subpoena. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 514
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 514. Appeal

§ 514. Appeal|An appeal from a decision of the Board shall be to the Supreme Court. The provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act shall apply to the extent they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 515
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 515. Personnel

§ 515. Personnel|Within the limits of legislative authorizations of positions and appropriations of funds, the Board may employ an executive officer and other personnel as it finds necessary in carrying out its duties, including engineering, technical, and other consultants. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 516
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 516. Governmental cooperation

§ 516. Governmental cooperation|(a) Other departments and agencies of State government shall cooperate with the Board and, as mutually agreeable, make available at cost data, facilities, and personnel as may be needed to assist the Board in carrying out its duties and functions. Geological services for the Board shall be provided by or in cooperation with the State Geologist.(b) The Board, within the scope of its jurisdiction and authorization, may cooperate with agencies of the federal government or other states to protect the interests of the State in its oil and gas resources. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 517
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 517. Standards for rulemaking

§ 517. Standards for rulemaking|(a) Rulemaking power granted by this chapter shall be exercised in the manner provided by the Vermont Administrative Procedure Act.(b) Rules adopted under this chapter shall be consistent with the purposes of this chapter and within the intent of the Legislature.(c) Rules adopted under this chapter concerning administrative procedures, such as rules of evidence during hearings, shall be in accordance with due process of law.(d) The power under this chapter to establish fees by rule shall be construed to authorize only fees which are approximately sufficient to cover the costs associated with the program or part of the program intended to be financed by the fee. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 521
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 521. Waste prohibited

§ 521. Waste prohibited|(a) The waste of oil and gas is prohibited.(b) The Board shall limit the rate at which oil and gas may be produced from any field or reservoir to the most efficient rate consistent with economically feasible recovery as determined by the Board from available technical information. However, controlled well performance tests to determine maximum potential or maximum productivity may be performed periodically, when authorized by the Board.(c) The Board shall allocate the allowable production among the several wells or producing properties in a field or reservoir so that each owner will have a reasonable opportunity to produce or receive his or her just and equitable share of production. However, no allocation made by the Board shall be inconsistent with the prevention of waste. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 522
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 522. Drilling units

§ 522. Drilling units|(a) The Board shall regulate the spacing and location of oil and gas wells by the establishment of drilling units whenever reasonably necessary to prevent waste and protect correlative rights.(b) The Board may establish an exploratory unit whenever a well is to be drilled to test for the occurrence of a reservoir. The order establishing the exploratory drilling unit shall specify the size and shape of the exploratory unit.  (1) To the extent that available geological and engineering information permit such a determination to be made, the exploratory unit shall be no smaller than the area expected to be drained by the exploratory well and shall be no larger than the expected total area of the reservoir. (2) If insufficient information is available, the Board may establish a temporary unit to ensure orderly development of the reservoir pending the availability of additional information.   (c) The Board may establish the size and shape of development drilling units in known reservoirs based upon available geological and engineering data.  (1) The size of a development drilling unit shall be the area that can be efficiently and economically drained by one well. If insufficient information is available to permit such a determination to be made, the Board may establish a temporary development unit pending the availability of the necessary information. In order that all owners are accorded substantially equal treatment, development units shall be of approximately uniform size if consistent with available geological and engineering information. (2) A well shall be located on a development drilling unit in accordance with a reasonably uniform field-wide spacing pattern, except for wells drilled or being drilled at the time a notice of hearing was issued. If the Board finds that a well drilled in a uniform spacing pattern would not be likely to produce in economic quantities, or that surface conditions would substantially add to the burden or hazard of drilling the well, or for other good cause, the well may be drilled at another location. (3) An order establishing development drilling units for a reservoir shall cover all lands believed to be underlain by that reservoir, and may be modified by the Board from time to time based on additional geological and engineering information. The Board may grant exceptions to the size and shape of any development unit or units, or may change the size or shape of any development unit or units, or may permit the drilling of additional wells if such actions are reasonably necessary to prevent waste or protect correlative rights. (4) After the date of the notice of hearing called to establish development units in a reservoir, unless expressly authorized by the Board, no well shall be commenced into that reservoir until an order establishing development drilling units has been adopted. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 523
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 523. Pooling

§ 523. Pooling|(a) When two or more separately owned tracts are embraced within an exploratory or development drilling unit, or when there are separately owned interests in all or part of a unit, the persons owning such tracts or interests may pool their tracts or interests. In the absence of voluntary pooling and upon application by any person owning a tract or interest within an exploratory or development drilling unit, the Board may enter an order pooling all tracts and interests within the unit.(b) All operations, including the commencement, drilling, operation, or production of a well upon any portion of a pooled unit shall be deemed for all purposes the commencement, drilling, operation, or production of a well upon each separately owned tract or upon each separately owned interest in the unit by the several owners. That portion of the production allocated to a separately owned tract or separately owned interest included in a unit shall be deemed to have been produced from such tract or interest.(c) Each pooling order of the Board shall specify which owner will drill, complete, and operate a well on the pooled unit. All owners shall share in the reasonable costs of drilling, completing, and operating the well. Any owner whose tract or interest has been involuntarily pooled shall be permitted, at his or her option, to pay his or her share of costs out of production, plus a supervision, risk, and interest assessment not to exceed 300 percent of that owner's share of the costs.(d) Production and costs associated with a pooled unit shall be allocated among the owners in the same proportion each owner's acreage in the unit bears to the total acreage in the unit or in any other manner agreed to by the owners and approved by the Board. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 524
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 524. Antitrust immunity for voluntary units

§ 524. Antitrust immunity for voluntary units|An agreement for the unit or cooperative development or operation of a field, reservoir, or part thereof, may be submitted to the Board for approval as being in the public interest or reasonably necessary to prevent waste or to protect correlative rights. For the purposes of this chapter, approval by the Board shall constitute a complete defense to any suit charging violation of any statute of the State relating to trust and monopolies on account of the agreement or on account of operations conducted pursuant to such agreement. The failure to submit such an agreement to the Board for approval shall not for that reason imply or constitute evidence that the agreement or operations conducted pursuant thereto are in violation of laws relating to trusts and monopolies. (Amended 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 526
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 526. Ratable takes required

§ 526. Ratable takes required|(a) Oil or gas produced in this State shall be purchased and taken without discrimination between producers in the same reservoir. After notice and hearing, the Board may relieve any person of his or her duty to purchase and take oil or gas produced in this State without discrimination, if the oil and gas is of inferior quality or for other good cause.(b) The provisions of this section do not apply:  (1) to any wells or reservoirs used for storage and withdrawal from storage of oil or gas originally produced in compliance with this chapter and the rules of the Board; (2) to purchases of gas produced from oil wells; or (3) to any other purchases or production to which the Board finds, after notice and hearing, the application of this section would be unjust or unreasonable. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 531
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 531. Management of State oil and gas resources

§ 531. Management of State oil and gas resources|(a) The management of State oil and gas resources shall be undertaken to accomplish the following goals:  (1) provide for the timely leasing, exploration, discovery, assessment, and development of oil and gas resources which may be found on State lands; (2) provide the State and its citizens an adequate economic return on State oil and gas resources if discovered in commercially valuable quantities; (3) encourage competition among oil and gas developers by the use of appropriate competitive bidding and leasing procedures in the granting of exploration and development rights; (4) provide for a program of development that will facilitate sound planning by both developers and all levels of government; (5) give due consideration to the protection of the State's diverse natural, cultural, and social resources.   (b) Each State land manager shall be responsible for management of the leasing, exploration, and development of the oil and gas resources found on State lands under the manager's primary jurisdiction.(c) Each State land manager shall adopt a written statement of objectives, policies, procedures, and a program to guide the development of the State's oil and gas resources. Biennially, each State land manager and the Board shall prepare and submit to the General Assembly a proposed four-year oil and gas leasing and management program and a report on all leasing and management activities undertaken during the preceding two years. The provisions of 2 V.S.A. § 20(d) (expiration of required reports) shall not apply to the report to be made under this subsection. Managers may elect to collaborate on a joint program of planning, leasing, and reporting to fulfill the requirements of this section. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982; amended 2003, No. 121 (Adj. Sess.), § 36, eff. June 8, 2004; 2013, No. 142 (Adj. Sess.), § 45.)
29 V.S.A. § 532
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 532. State oil and gas leases authorized

§ 532. State oil and gas leases authorized|(a) State land managers may execute oil and gas leases and other related contracts for lands under their jurisdiction. The leases and contracts shall be upon terms and conditions which the manager finds most beneficial to the interests of the State.(b) When a State land manager proposes to lease State lands for oil and gas purposes, he or she shall notify the Board and forward a copy of the proposed lease. The Board shall review and comment on the terms of the proposed lease and shall specify additional terms and conditions necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this chapter.(c) Each State land manager shall require, as a condition to the issuance of any oil and gas lease that the lessee make available to the Board all exploration and production information, logs, and records resulting from operations under the lease. Such information shall be held confidential; provided, however, that the State Geologist shall have access to this information.(d) State oil and gas leases may be assigned only with the written consent and approval of the State land manager having jurisdiction.(e) All proceeds from State leases or other related contracts shall be paid into the General Fund. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April 28, 1982.)
29 V.S.A. § 533
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 29 - Public Property and Supplies|Chapter 14 - Natural Gas and Oil Conservation|§ 533. Notice of intention to lease State lands

§ 533. Notice of intention to lease State lands|(a) At least 30 days before he or she intends to lease State lands, the State land manager shall give public notice of his or her intention by commencing publication in two newspapers of general circulation, one in Montpelier and one where the lands or the greater portion thereof are situated.(b) Publication shall be made in newspapers of record approved by the Secretary of State.  (1) If the notice is published in a daily newspaper there shall be at least five days from the first to the last day of publication, both days included; and if a weekly newspaper, the notice shall appear on at least two different days of publication. (2) In addition to the publication required by subdivision (1) of this subsection, the notice shall be published on a weekly basis in selected newspapers in the State as determined by the Secretary of State.   (c) The notice shall include a description of the State lands, either as a tract or by parcels, and a statement that the terms and conditions of the offered lease may be obtained at a designated office of the Board. (Added 1981, No. 240 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. April, 28, 1982.)