reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-225 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 2 - Prior Approval Rate Making|Part V - Administrative Provisions|Section 11-225 - Examinations of Rating Organizations and Other Entities

    (a)    (1)    At least once every 5 years, the Commissioner shall make an examination of each rating organization licensed in the State.        (2)    Whenever the Commissioner considers it expedient, the Commissioner may make an examination of each advisory organization and each group, association, or other organization that engages in joint underwriting or joint reinsurance.    (b)    The entity examined shall pay the reasonable costs of an examination on presentation to it of a detailed account of the costs.    (c)    The officers, manager, agents, and employees of the entity examined may be examined at any time under oath and shall exhibit all books, records, accounts, documents, or agreements that govern the entity’s methods of operation.    (d)    Instead of making an examination under this section, the Commissioner may accept the report of an examination made by the insurance supervisory official of another state under the laws of that state.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-226 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 2 - Prior Approval Rate Making|Part V - Administrative Provisions|Section 11-226 - Rate Administration

    (a)    (1)    (i)    So that the experience of all insurers may be made available at least annually in the form and detail necessary to help the Commissioner in determining whether rating systems comply with the standards set forth in this subtitle, the Commissioner shall adopt reasonable rules and statistical plans that are reasonably adapted to each of the rating systems on file with the Commissioner for the recording and reporting of loss and expense experience.            (ii)    The Commissioner periodically may modify the rules and plans adopted under this subsection.            (iii)    Each insurer shall use the rules and plans adopted by the Commissioner to record and report its loss and countrywide expense experience.        (2)    The rules and plans adopted under this subsection may also provide for the recording and reporting of expense experience items that are specially applicable to the State and are not susceptible of determination by prorating countrywide expense experience.        (3)    In adopting the rules and plans, the Commissioner shall give due consideration:            (i)    to the rating systems on file with the Commissioner; and            (ii)    to the rules and to the form of the plans used for the rating systems in other states, so that the rules and plans may be as uniform as is practicable among states.        (4)    An insurer may not be required to record or report its loss experience on a classification basis that is inconsistent with the rating system filed by it.        (5)    (i)    The Commissioner may designate one or more rating organizations or other agencies to help in gathering and compiling experience information.            (ii)    Subject to reasonable regulations adopted by the Commissioner, the compilations shall be made available to insurers and rating organizations.    (b)    The Commissioner may adopt reasonable rules and plans for the interchange of data necessary for the application of rating plans.    (c)    To further uniform administration of rate regulatory laws, the Commissioner and each insurer and rating organization may:        (1)    exchange information and experience data with each other and with insurance supervisory officials, insurers, and rating organizations in other states; and        (2)    consult with them about rate making and the application of rating systems.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-227 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 2 - Prior Approval Rate Making|Part V - Administrative Provisions|Section 11-227 - Regulations

    The Commissioner may adopt reasonable rules and regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of this subtitle.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-230 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 2 - Prior Approval Rate Making|Part VI - Prohibited Acts; Penalties|Section 11-230 - Prohibited Policies; Commissions Authorized

    (a)    An insurer or officer, insurance producer, or representative of an insurer may not knowingly issue or deliver or knowingly allow the issuance or delivery of a policy or endorsement, certificate, or addition to the policy, except in accordance with the filings that are in effect for the insurer as provided in this subtitle.    (b)    An insurer may pay or allow a commission to a licensed insurance producer of the insurer as compensation for procuring business.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-231 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 2 - Prior Approval Rate Making|Part VI - Prohibited Acts; Penalties|Section 11-231 - False or Misleading Information

    A person may not willfully withhold information from or knowingly give false or misleading information to the Commissioner, a statistical agency designated by the Commissioner, a rating organization, or an insurer if the information will affect the rates or premiums chargeable under this subtitle or the proper issuance of an insurance contract, policy, or guarantee of insurance.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-232 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 2 - Prior Approval Rate Making|Part VI - Prohibited Acts; Penalties|Section 11-232 - Penalties

    (a)    (1)    If the Commissioner finds that a person has violated a provision of this subtitle, the Commissioner may impose a civil penalty not exceeding $250 for each violation.        (2)    If the Commissioner finds a violation of this subtitle to be willful, the Commissioner may impose a civil penalty not exceeding $1,000 for the violation.        (3)    A penalty imposed under this subsection is in addition to any other penalty provided by law.    (b)    (1)    The Commissioner may suspend the license of a rating organization or certificate of authority of an insurer that fails to comply with an order of the Commissioner within the time set by the order or any extension of that time granted by the Commissioner.        (2)    The Commissioner may not suspend the license of a rating organization or certificate of authority of an insurer for failure to comply with an order:            (i)    until the time set for an appeal from the order has expired; or            (ii)    if an appeal has been taken, until the order has been affirmed.        (3)    The Commissioner may determine when the suspension of a license or certificate of authority becomes effective.        (4)    The suspension shall remain in effect for the period set by the Commissioner unless the Commissioner modifies or rescinds the suspension or until the order on which the suspension is based is modified, rescinded, or reversed.    (c)    (1)    Before the Commissioner imposes a penalty or suspends or revokes a license or certificate of authority under this subtitle, the Commissioner shall issue a written order that states the findings of the Commissioner.        (2)    The Commissioner shall hold a hearing before issuing an order under paragraph (1) of this subsection.        (3)    The Commissioner shall give written notice of the hearing at least 10 days before the hearing.        (4)    The notice shall specify the alleged violation.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-301 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part I - Definitions; General Provisions|Section 11-301 - Definitions

    (a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    “Competitive market” means any market except those which, by application of the standards in § 11-306 of this subtitle, have been determined to be noncompetitive under § 11-308(c) of this subtitle.    (c)    “Market” means the interaction between buyers and sellers of a particular line of insurance in a geographical area consisting of not less than one entire county.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-302 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part I - Definitions; General Provisions|Section 11-302 - Purposes and Construction of Subtitle

    (a)    The purposes of this subtitle are:        (1)    to protect policyholders and the public against the adverse effect of excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory rates;        (2)    as the most effective way to produce rates that conform to the standards of paragraph (1) of this subsection, to encourage independent action by insurers and reasonable price competition among insurers;        (3)    to provide formal regulatory controls for use if price competition fails;        (4)    to authorize cooperative action among insurers in the rate making process and to regulate that cooperation in order to prevent practices that tend to bring about monopoly or to lessen or destroy competition; and        (5)    to provide rates that are responsive to competitive market conditions and to improve the availability of insurance in the State.    (b)    This subtitle shall be construed liberally to achieve the purposes stated in subsection (a) of this section, which shall constitute an aid and guide to interpretation of this subtitle but not an independent source of power.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-303 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part I - Definitions; General Provisions|Section 11-303 - Scope of Subtitle

    (a)    Notwithstanding Subtitle 2 of this title, this subtitle applies to the establishment of rates for all types of insurance except:        (1)    life insurance;        (2)    annuities;        (3)    health insurance;        (4)    marine insurance described in § 11–202(b)(2) of this title;        (5)    aircraft insurance described in § 11–202(b)(3) of this title;        (6)    reinsurance;        (7)    title insurance;        (8)    medical malpractice insurance;        (9)    any form or plan of insurance regulated under § 27–217 of this article; and        (10)    surety insurance.    (b)    If and to the extent that the Commissioner finds that the application of any or all of the provisions of this subtitle is unnecessary to achieve the purposes of this subtitle, the Commissioner by rule may exempt a person or class of persons or a line or lines of insurance from any or all of those provisions.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-309 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part II - Rate Making -- in General|Section 11-309 - Waiting Period for Rates of Particular Insurer

    (a)    If, after a hearing, the Commissioner finds that the protection of the interests of the insureds of a particular insurer and the public in the State requires closer supervision of the insurer’s rates because of the insurer’s financial condition or repetitive filing of rates that are not in compliance with § 11-306 of this subtitle, the Commissioner may issue an order that requires the insurer to file any or all of the insurer’s rates and supplementary rate information 30 days before they become effective.    (b)    By written notice to the insurer during the initial 30-day waiting period, the Commissioner may extend the waiting period for an additional period not exceeding 30 days.    (c)    (1)    The Commissioner shall approve or disapprove the filing during the waiting period or any extension of the waiting period.        (2)    The filing is deemed approved unless disapproved by the Commissioner during the waiting period or any extension of the waiting period.    (d)    An insurer affected by an action of the Commissioner under this section may not request a rehearing by the Commissioner until 12 months after the date of an order of the Commissioner under subsection (a) of this section.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-310 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part II - Rate Making -- in General|Section 11-310 - Waiting Period for Changes in Rates

    (a)    (1)    The Commissioner may adopt a rule that requires that subsequent changes in the rates or supplementary rate information for a kind or line of insurance, subdivision of a kind or line of insurance, or rating class or rating territory be filed with the Commissioner at least 30 working days before they become effective if the Commissioner finds that with respect to that kind, line, subdivision, rating class, or rating territory:            (i)    competition is not an effective regulator of the rates charged;            (ii)    a substantial number of insurers are competing irresponsibly through the rates charged; or            (iii)    there are widespread violations of this subtitle.        (2)    By written notice to the filer during the initial 30-day waiting period, the Commissioner may extend the waiting period for an additional period not exceeding 30 working days.    (b)    (1)    A rule adopted under this section may not remain in effect for more than 1 year after it is adopted.        (2)    The Commissioner may renew a rule adopted under this section after a hearing and appropriate findings under this section.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-311 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part II - Rate Making -- in General|Section 11-311 - Excess Rate for Specific Risk

    On written application of an insurer that states its reasons for requesting the rate, accompanied by the written consent of the insured or prospective insured, filed with and approved by the Commissioner, a rate in excess of that provided by a filing otherwise applicable may be used on a specific risk.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-312 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part II - Rate Making -- in General|Section 11-312 - Supporting Data

    (a)    (1)    The Commissioner may require the filing of supporting data as to any or all kinds or lines of insurance or subdivisions of kinds or lines of insurance or classes of risks or combinations of classes of risks as the Commissioner considers necessary for the proper functioning of the rate monitoring and regulating process.        (2)    The supporting data shall include:            (i)    the experience and judgment of the filer and, to the extent the filer wishes or the Commissioner requires, the experience and judgment of other insurers or rating organizations;            (ii)    the filer’s interpretation of any statistical data relied on;            (iii)    a description of the actuarial and statistical methods used in setting the rates; and            (iv)    any other relevant matters required by the Commissioner.    (b)    Whenever a filing is not accompanied by the information as required by the Commissioner under § 11-310(a) of this subtitle, the Commissioner may so inform the insurer and the filing will be deemed to be made when the information is provided.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-313 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part II - Rate Making -- in General|Section 11-313 - Notice to Insureds of Noncompetitive Market

    For a kind or line of insurance as to which the Commissioner has issued an order in which the Commissioner finds that a reasonable degree of competition does not exist, the Commissioner may require the insurer at the time of filing a proposed rate increase with the Commissioner to notify each policyholder in writing that:         (1)    the insurer has filed a proposed rate increase with the Commissioner;        (2)    a hearing may be requested with respect to the filing; and        (3)    an order, hearing, or refusal of a hearing by the Commissioner may be appealed under Subtitle 5 of this title.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-314 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part II - Rate Making -- in General|Section 11-314 - Review of Application of Rating System

    (a)    Each rating organization and each insurer subject to this subtitle that makes its own rates shall provide reasonable means within the State by which a person aggrieved by the application of its rating system may be heard in person or by an authorized representative on the person’s written request to review the manner in which the rating system has been applied in connection with the insurance afforded the aggrieved person.    (b)    If the rating organization or insurer fails to grant or reject the aggrieved person’s request within 30 days after it is made, the applicant may proceed as if the application had been rejected.    (c)    (1)    Within 30 days after written notice of the action of a rating organization or insurer on a request for review, any party affected by the action may apply, in writing, for an appeal to the Commissioner.        (2)    An application under this subsection shall set forth the basis for the appeal and the grounds on which the applicant will rely.    (d)    (1)    The Commissioner shall review the application for appeal.        (2)    If the Commissioner finds that the application is made in good faith and sets forth on its face grounds that reasonably justify a hearing, the Commissioner shall hold a hearing.        (3)    The Commissioner shall give written notice of the hearing to the applicant and rating organization or insurer at least 10 days before the hearing.        (4)    After the hearing, the Commissioner shall affirm or reverse the action.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-315 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part II - Rate Making -- in General|Section 11-315 - Special Rate Making Principles

    (a)    All homeowner’s insurance rates shall be made in accordance with the principles set forth in this section.    (b)    (1)    An insurer under a homeowner’s insurance policy may not classify or maintain an insured for a period longer than 3 years in a classification that entails a higher premium because of a specific claim.        (2)    For the purpose of determining whether to classify an insured in a classification that entails a higher premium, an insurer may review only a period not greater than 3 years before:            (i)    if the policy has not yet been issued:                1.    the date of the application; or                2.    the proposed effective date of the policy; or            (ii)    on renewal of a policy, the effective date of the renewal.        (3)    (i)    The removal of, reduction of, or refusal to apply a discount is not a violation of this subsection if the claim resulting in the removal of, reduction of, or refusal to apply the discount was filed not more than 5 years before the removal, reduction, or refusal.            (ii)    Subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may not be construed to prevent an insurer from granting a claim–free discount to an insured.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-317 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part III - Rate Making -- Automobile Insurance Generally|Section 11-317 - Statement of Rate Classifications

    (a)    In this section, “increase in a policy premium” includes an increase in premium due to:        (1)    a surcharge;        (2)    retiering or other reclassification of an insured; or        (3)    removal or reduction of a discount.    (b)    Each insurer that provides a private passenger automobile insurance policy shall provide to the policyholder at the time of issuance or renewal of the policy a statement that:        (1)    defines the policyholder’s rate classifications;        (2)    if the insurer is an authorized insurer includes a summary, in a form approved by the Commissioner, of the insurer’s approved surcharge plan or driver record point plan for that policy; and        (3)    includes a section that provides a general description of the factors, including credit information if applicable, that may cause or contribute to an increase in a policy premium.    (c)    The statement must be sufficiently clear and specific so that an individual of average intelligence can identify the classifications without making further inquiry.    (d)    An insurer that markets private passenger automobile insurance through insurance producers shall make available to its producers a copy of the statement required under this section.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-319 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part III - Rate Making -- Automobile Insurance Generally|Section 11-319 - Use of Territory as a Rate Determining Factor

    An insurer that uses territory as a factor in establishing automobile insurance rates shall submit a statement to the Commissioner certifying that:         (1)    the territories used by the insurer have been reviewed within the previous 3 years; and        (2)    use of the territories is actuarially justified.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-321 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part IV - Rate Making -- Geographic Distribution of Private Passenger Premium|Section 11-321 - Definitions

    (a)    In Part IV of this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    “Affiliate” has the meaning stated in § 7-101 of this article.    (c)    “Major insurer” means an insurer or affiliate or subsidiary of that insurer that has written an amount of private passenger premium in the State that totals 1% or more of the total premium of private passenger premium written in the State by all insurers, including the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund.    (d)    “Private passenger premium” means the direct written premium derived from the sale of private passenger motor vehicle insurance policies in a calendar year.    (e)    “Subsidiary” has the meaning stated in § 7-101 of this article.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-322 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part IV - Rate Making -- Geographic Distribution of Private Passenger Premium|Section 11-322 - Scope of Part

    (a)    Part IV of this subtitle applies to each authorized insurer that writes private passenger motor vehicle insurance in the State.    (b)    Except as expressly provided otherwise, Part IV of this subtitle does not apply to the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund.
MD. Insurance Code Ann. §  11-323 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Insurance|Title 11 - Insurance Rating Law|Subtitle 3 - Competitive Rating|Part IV - Rate Making -- Geographic Distribution of Private Passenger Premium|Section 11-323 - Data About Geographic Distribution of Private Passenger Premium

    (a)    On or before July 1 of each year, each insurer and the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund shall file data about the geographic distribution of private passenger premium written by it in the State for the preceding calendar year.    (b)    The data required under this section shall:        (1)    be filed with the Commissioner in the form required by the Commissioner; and        (2)    at a minimum, detail the amount of private passenger premium written by the insurer and the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund in the preceding calendar year and the number of policies represented by that premium:            (i)    in the State as a whole; and            (ii)    in Baltimore City.    (c)    The data shall be submitted by each rating territory or each zip code, or both.    (d)    Failure by the insurer or the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund to submit the data required under this section on a timely basis is grounds for the imposition of the penalties provided in §§ 4-113 and 4-114 of this article.