reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 27-134 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 27 - Civil Recovery by Merchants, Contractors, and Subcontractors|Chapter 1 - Merchant’s Civil Recovery for Criminal Conduct|Subchapter II - Private Contractor and Subcontractor Prompt Payment|§ 27-134. Prompt payments to subcontractors

(a) If a contract is between a contractor and subcontractor, or between a first-tier subcontractor and a second-tier subcontractor, the contractor or subcontractor shall pay undisputed amounts owed to its subcontractor within 7 days after receipt by the contractor or subcontractor of each payment received for its subcontractors’ work or materials. (b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, conditions of payment to the subcontractor on receipt by the contractor of payment from the owner may not abrogate or waive the right of the subcontractor to: (1) Claim a mechanics’ lien; or (2) Sue on a contractor’s bond. (c) Any provision of a contract made in violation of subsection (b) of this section is void as against the public policy of the District.  (Nov. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 20-34, § 5, 60 DCR 11812.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 27-135.
DC Code § 27-135 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 27 - Civil Recovery by Merchants, Contractors, and Subcontractors|Chapter 1 - Merchant’s Civil Recovery for Criminal Conduct|Subchapter II - Private Contractor and Subcontractor Prompt Payment|§ 27-135. Failure to make prompt payments to a subcontractor

If a contractor fails to make prompt payments to a subcontractor as required by § 27-134, or a first-tier subcontractor fails to make prompt payments to a second-tier subcontractor, the contractor or subcontractor shall: (1) Pay interest of 1.5% per month or any part of a month to the subcontractor on any undisputed amount not paid on time to the subcontractor; and (2) If the subcontractor prevails in a civil action to collect interest penalties from a contractor or first-tier subcontractor, the subcontractor shall be awarded its costs and disbursements, including reasonable attorney’s fees, incurred in bringing the action.  (Nov. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 20-34, § 6, 60 DCR 11812.)
DC Code § 27-136 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 27 - Civil Recovery by Merchants, Contractors, and Subcontractors|Chapter 1 - Merchant’s Civil Recovery for Criminal Conduct|Subchapter II - Private Contractor and Subcontractor Prompt Payment|§ 27-136. Applicability

This subchapter shall apply to all contracts entered into on or after October 1, 2013.  (Nov. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 20-34, § 7, 60 DCR 11812.)
DC Code § 28:5-105 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 5 - Letters of Credit|§ 28:5-105. Consideration

Consideration is not required to issue, amend, transfer, or cancel a letter of credit, advice, or confirmation.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 710, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-238, § 2, 44 DCR 923.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:5-105. 1973 Ed., § 28:5-105. Uniform Commercial Code Comment It is not to be expected that any issuer will issue its letter of credit without some form of remuneration. But it is not expected that the beneficiary will know what the issuer’s remuneration was or whether in fact there was any identifiable remuneration in a given case. And it might be difficult for the beneficiary to prove the issuer’s remuneration. This section dispenses with this proof and is consistent with the position of Lord Mansfield in Pillans v. Van Mierop, 97 Eng.Rep. 1035 (K.B. 1765) in making consideration irrelevant.
DC Code § 28:5-113 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 5 - Letters of Credit|§ 28:5-113. Transfer by operation of law

(a) A successor of a beneficiary may consent to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive payment or other items of value in the name of the beneficiary without disclosing its status as a successor. (b) A successor of a beneficiary may consent to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive payment or other items of value in its own name as the disclosed successor of the beneficiary. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of this section, an issuer shall recognize a disclosed successor of a beneficiary as beneficiary in full substitution for its predecessor upon compliance with the requirements for recognition by the issuer of a transfer of drawing rights by operation of law under the standard practice referred to in § 28:5-108(e) or, in the absence of such a practice, compliance with other reasonable procedures sufficient to protect the issuer. (c) An issuer is not obliged to determine whether a purported successor is a successor of a beneficiary or whether the signature of a purported successor is genuine or authorized. (d) Honor of a purported successor’s apparently complying presentation under subsection (a) or (b) of this section has the consequences specified in § 28:5-108(i) even if the purported successor is not the successor of a beneficiary. Documents signed in the name of the beneficiary or of a disclosed successor by a person who is neither the beneficiary nor the successor of the beneficiary are forged documents for the purposes of § 28:5-109. (e) An issuer whose rights of reimbursement are not covered by subsection (d) of this section or substantially similar law and any confirmer or nominated person may decline to recognize a presentation under subsection (b). (f) A beneficiary whose name is changed after the issuance of a letter of credit has the same rights and obligations as a successor of a beneficiary under this section.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 713, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Mar. 16, 1982, D.C. Law 4-85, § 7, 29 DCR 309; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-238, § 2, 44 DCR 923; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-255, § 27(uu), 44 DCR 1271.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:5-113. 1973 Ed., § 28:5-113. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:5-108 and § 28:5-112. Uniform Commercial Code Comment This section affirms the result in Pastor v. Nat. Republic Bank of Chicago, 76 Ill.2d 139, 390 N.E.2d 894 (Ill.1979) and Federal Deposit Insurance Co. v. Bank of Boulder, 911 F.2d 1466 (10th Cir.1990). An issuer’s requirements for recognition of a successor’s status might include presentation of a certificate of merger, a court order appointing a bankruptcy trustee or receiver, a certificate of appointment as bankruptcy trustee, or the like. The issuer is entitled to rely upon such documents which on their face demonstrate that presentation is made by a successor of a beneficiary. It is not obliged to make an independent investigation to determine the fact of succession.
DC Code § 28:5-115 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 5 - Letters of Credit|§ 28:5-115. Statute of limitations

An action to enforce a right or obligation arising under this article must be commenced within one year after the expiration date of the relevant letter of credit or one year after the cause of action accrues, whichever occurs later. A cause of action accrues when the breach occurs, regardless of the aggrieved party’s lack of knowledge of the breach.  (Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-238, § 2, 44 DCR 923.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:5-115. 1973 Ed., § 28:5-115. Uniform Commercial Code Comment 1. This section is based upon Sections 4-111 and 2-725(2). 2. This section applies to all claims for which there are remedies under Section 5-111 and to other claims made under this article, such as claims for breach of warranty under Section 5-110. Because it covers all claims under Section 5-111, the statute of limitations applies not only to wrongful dishonor claims against the issuer but also to claims between the issuer and the applicant arising from the reimbursement agreement. These might be for reimbursement (issuer v. applicant) or for breach of the reimbursement contract by wrongful honor (applicant v. issuer). 3. The statute of limitations, like the rest of the statute, applies only to a letter of credit issued on or after the effective date and only to transactions, events, obligations, or duties arising out of or associated with such a letter. If a letter of credit was issued before the effective date and an obligation on that letter of credit was breached after the effective date, the complaining party could bring its suit within the time that would have been permitted prior to the adoption of Section 5-115 and would not be limited by the terms of Section 5-115.
DC Code § 28:5-119 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 5 - Letters of Credit|§ 28:5-119. Savings clause

A transaction arising out of or associated with a letter of credit that was issued before the effective date of this article and the rights, obligations, and interests flowing from that transaction are governed by any statute or other law amended or repealed by this article as if repeal or amendment had not occurred and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced under that statute or other law.  (Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-238, § 2, 44 DCR 923.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:5-119.
DC Code § 28:5-120 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 5 - Letters of Credit|§ 28:5-120. Security interest of issuer or nominated person

(a) An issuer or nominated person has a security interest in a document presented under a letter of credit to the extent that the issuer or nominated person honors or gives value for the presentation. (b) So long as and to the extent that an issuer or nominated person has not been reimbursed or has not otherwise recovered the value given with respect to a security interest in a document under subsection (a), the security interest continues and is subject to Article 9, but: (1) A security agreement is not necessary to make the security interest enforceable under § 28:9-203(b)(3); (2) If the document is presented in a medium other than a written or other tangible medium, the security interest is perfected; and (3) If the document is presented in a written or other tangible medium and is not a certificated security, chattel paper, a document of title, an instrument, or a letter of credit, the security interest is perfected and has priority over a conflicting security interest in the document so long as the debtor does not have possession of the document.  (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-201, § 201(f)(2), 47 DCR 7576; Mar. 13, 2004, D.C. Law 15-105, § 62, 51 DCR 881.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 15-105 validated a previously made technical correction. Cross References Business corporations, property and assets, disposition, approval, dissenting shareholders, see § 29-201.39.
DC Code § 28:6-109 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 6 - Bulk Transfers|§ 28:6-109. What constitutes filing; duties of filing officer; information from filing officer. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 716, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; renumbered and amended, Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-239, § 2, 44 DCR 936; Oct. 23, 2014, D.C. Law 20-215, § 31, 61 DCR 13083.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:6-109. 1973 Ed., § 28:6-109. Editor's Notes Applicability of D.C. Law 20-215: Section 32 of D.C. Law 20-215 provided that the act shall apply as of January 1, 2016. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Prior Uniform Statutory Provision: None Purposes of New Matter: This Article contemplates public filing of bulk sale notices and lists of claimants in a single filing office in each state. This section, which derives substantially from Sections 9-403 and 9-407, governs filing. The filing system is designed to enable one seeking information about a sale to discover any filed notices or lists by searching under either the seller’s or the buyer’s (but not the auctioneer’s or liquidator’s) individual, partnership, or corporate name. Cross-References:Sections 6-103, 6-105, 9-403, and 9-407. Definitional Cross-References: “Auctioneer”. Section 6-102. “Buyer”. Section 2-103. “Liquidator”. Section 6-102. “Person”. Section 1-201. “Seller”. Section 2-103. “Send”. Section 1-201.
DC Code § 28:6-110 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 6 - Bulk Transfers|§ 28:6-110. Limitation of actions. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 717, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; renumbered and amended, Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-239, § 2, 44 DCR 936; Oct. 23, 2014, D.C. Law 20-215, § 31, 61 DCR 13083.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:6-110. 1973 Ed., § 28:6-110. Editor's Notes Applicability of D.C. Law 20-215: Section 32 of D.C. Law 20-215 provided that the act shall apply as of January 1, 2016. Uniform Commercial Code Comment Prior Uniform Statutory Provision:Section 6-111 (1987 Official Text). Changes: Statute of limitations extended and clarified. Purposes of Changes and New Matter: 1. This Article imposes liability upon only those who do not make a good faith and commercially reasonable effort to comply with the requirements of the Article or to exclude the sale from the application of the Article and who do not hold a good faith and commercially reasonable belief that the Article is inapplicable to the sale. Consequently, it extends the six-month limitation period of the 1987 Official Text, which applies to good faith transferees as well as those not in good faith, to one year. The period commences with the date of the bulk sale. 2. Cases decided under the 1987 Official Text of Article 6 disagree over whether the complete failure to comply with the requirements of that Article constitutes a concealment that tolls the limitation. This Article adopts the view that noncompliance does not of itself constitute concealment. 3. This Article does not contemplate tolling the limitation for actions against a person in control of the seller who fails to distribute the net contract price in accordance with the schedule of distribution. Those actions must be commenced within one year after the alleged violation occurs. Cross-References: Point 1: Sections 1-201, 6-102, 6-107 and 6-108. Point 3: Section 6-107. Definitional Cross-References: “Action”. Section 1-201. “Auctioneer”. Section 6-102. “Buyer”. Section 2-103. “Date of the bulk sale”. Section 6-102. “Liquidator”. Section 6-102.
DC Code § 28:6-111 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 6 - Bulk Transfers|§ 28:6-111. Limitation of actions and levies. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 717, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Oct. 23, 2014, D.C. Law 20-215, § 31, 61 DCR 13083.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:6-111. 1973 Ed., § 28:6-111. Editor's Notes Applicability of D.C. Law 20-215: Section 32 of D.C. Law 20-215 provided that the act shall apply as of January 1, 2016.
DC Code § 28:6-112 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 6 - Bulk Transfers|§ 28:6-112. Compliance with section 47-4461. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (June 9, 2001, D.C. Law 13-305, § 407(b), 48 DCR 334; Oct. 23, 2014, D.C. Law 20-215, § 31, 61 DCR 13083.)  Cross References Notice of bulk sale, § 47-4461. Editor's Notes Section 410 (f) of D.C. Law 13-305 provided: “Section 407 shall apply as of January 1, 2001.” Applicability of D.C. Law 20-215: Section 32 of D.C. Law 20-215 provided that the act shall apply as of January 1, 2016.
DC Code § 28:10-101 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 10 - Construction with Other Laws|§ 28:10-101. Effective date. [Omitted]

Omitted.
DC Code § 28:10-102 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 10 - Construction with Other Laws|§ 28:10-102. Specific repealer; provision for transition. [Omitted]

Omitted.
DC Code § 28:10-103 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 10 - Construction with Other Laws|§ 28:10-103. Inconsistent laws; what law governs

(a) Except as provided by section 28:10-104, if any provision of law is inconsistent with this subtitle, this subtitle shall govern, unless this subtitle or the inconsistent provision of the other law specifically provides otherwise. (b) If any provision of this subtitle is inconsistent with the Commissioner’s Order entitled the Regulations Governing the Business of Buying, Selling and Financing of Motor Vehicles in the District of Columbia Department of Licenses and Inspections, issued October 20, 1960 (C.O. 60-2219; 5AA DCRR), the Commissioner’s Order shall govern, unless this subtitle or the inconsistent provision of the Commissioner’s Order specifically provides otherwise.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 769, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Mar. 31, 1982, D.C. Law 4-90, § 5, 29 DCR 666.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:10-103. 1973 Ed., § 28:10-103. Uniform Commercial Code Comment This section provides for the repeal of all other legislation inconsistent with this Act.
DC Code § 28:10-104 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 10 - Construction with Other Laws|§ 28:10-104. Laws not repealed

(1) The article on documents of title (article 7) does not repeal or modify any laws prescribing the form or contents of documents of title or the services or facilities to be afforded by bailees, or otherwise regulating bailees’ businesses in respects not specifically dealt with herein; but the fact that such laws are violated does not affect the status of a document of title which otherwise complies with the definition of a document of title (section 28:1-201). (2) Repealed.  (Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 769, Pub. L. 88-243, § 1; Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-240, § 3(s), 44 DCR 1087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:10-104. 1973 Ed., § 28:10-104. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:10-103. Uniform Commercial Code Comment This section subordinates the Article of this Act on Documents of Title (Article 7) to the more specialized regulations of particular classes of bailees under other legislation and international treaties. Particularly, the provisions of that Article are superseded by applicable inconsistent provisions regarding the obligation of carriers and the limitation of their liability found in federal legislation dealing with transportation by water (including the Harter Act, Act of February 13, 1893, 27 Stat. 445, and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, Act of April 16, 1936, 49 Stat. 1207); the Warsaw Convention on International Air Transportation, 49 Stat. 3000, and Section 20(11) of the Interstate Commerce Act, Act of February 20, 1887, 24 Stat. 386, as amended. The Documents of Title provisions of this Act supplement such legislation largely in matters other than obligation of the bailee, e.g., form and effects of negotiation, procedure in the case of lost documents, effect of overissue, possibility of rapid transmission. Doubts have been expressed whether Article 8 provides as complete protection on transfers of securities by fiduciaries as the Uniform Act for the Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers. The Editorial Board entirely favors the policy of simplifying fiduciary security transfers and believes that Article 8 soundly implements this policy. However, since the shorter Simplification Act has been so widely enacted and has been working satisfactorily, the Editorial Board recommends that it be retained. Cross Reference:Section 7-103.
DC Code § 28:11-101 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 11 - Effective Date and Transition Provisions|§ 28:11-101. Effective date

The provisions of this act which amend article 9 and the provisions affecting secured transactions shall become effective at 12:01 A.M. on the 181st day after the effective date of this act.  (Mar. 16, 1982, D.C. Law 4-85, § 40, 29 DCR 309.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:11-101. Section References This section is referenced in § 28:11-103, § 28:11-104, § 28:11-105, § 28:11-106, and § 28:11-107. References in Text “This act”, referred to in this section, is D.C. Law 4-85. Editor's Notes D.C. Law 4-85 became law on March 16, 1982. The 181st day following March 16, 1982 was September 13, 1982.
DC Code § 28:11-103 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 11 - Effective Date and Transition Provisions|§ 28:11-103. Transition to this act — general rule

Transactions validly entered into after January 1, 1965 and before the effective date of this act (as provided in section 28:11-101 ), and which were subject to the provisions of articles 1 through 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, effective January 1, 1965, and which would be subject to this act as amended if they had been entered into after the effective date of this act (as provided in section 28:11-101 ) and the rights, duties and interests flowing from such transactions remain valid after the latter date and may be terminated, completed, consummated or enforced as required or permitted by this act. Security interests arising out of such transactions which are perfected when this act becomes effective shall remain perfected until they lapse as provided in this act, and may be continued as permitted by this act, except as stated in section 28:11-105 .  (Mar. 16, 1982, D.C. Law 4-85, § 40, 29 DCR 309.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:11-103. References in Text “This act”, referred to in this section, is D.C. Law 4-85.
DC Code § 28:11-104 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Subtitle I - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 11 - Effective Date and Transition Provisions|§ 28:11-104. Transition provision on change of requirement of filing

A security interest for the perfection of which filing or the taking of possession was required under article 9 of this subtitle, effective January 1, 1965, and which attached prior to the effective date of this act (as provided in section 28:11-101 ) but was not perfected shall be deemed perfected on such effective date of this act if this act permits perfection without filing or authorizes filing in the office or offices where a prior ineffective filing was made.  (Mar. 16, 1982, D.C. Law 4-85, § 40, 29 DCR 309.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28:11-104. References in Text “This act”, referred to in this section, is D.C. Law 4-85.