reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NY CPLR § 4312 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee R4312 - Number of Referees; Qualifications.

Rule  4312.  Number  of  referees;  qualifications.  1.  A  court  may   designate either one or three referees; provided,  however,  a  judicial   hearing  officer  may be designated a referee, in which case there shall   be only one referee. Except by consent of the parties, no  person  shall   be designated a referee unless he is an attorney admitted to practice in   the  state  and  in good standing.  Where a referee may be designated by   the parties, they may designate any number of referees.2. Except in matrimonial actions  or  where  the  reference  is  to  a   judicial  hearing  officer,  a person to whom all the parties object may   not be designated as a referee. In matrimonial actions, only a  judicial   hearing   officer   or   a   special  referee  appointed  by  the  chief   administrator of the courts may be designated to determine an issue.  In   a  matrimonial action the court shall not order a reference to a referee   nominated by a party.3. No person shall serve as referee who holds the  position  of  court   clerk,  or  clerk,  secretary  or stenographer to a judge; or who is the   partner or clerk of an attorney for any party to the action or  occupies   the same office with such attorney, except as provided in paragraph five   of this rule.4.  A  judge  shall  not  serve as a referee in an action brought in a   court of which he is a judge  except  by  the  written  consent  of  the   parties,  and,  in  that  case,  he  cannot  receive any compensation as   referee.5. In uncontested matrimonial actions, a court clerk,  law  secretary,   or  any  other non-judicial employee of the court, who is an attorney in   good standing admitted to practice in the state, may be appointed by  an   administrative  judge  to serve without fee as a referee for the purpose   of hearing and reporting to the court.
NY CPLR § 4313 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee R4313 - Notice.

Rule 4313. Notice. Except where the reference is to a judicial hearing   officer  or  a special referee, upon the entry of an order of reference,   the clerk shall send a copy of the order  to  the  referee.  Unless  the   order  of  reference  otherwise  provides,  the  referee shall forthwith   notify the parties of a time and place for the first hearing to be  held   within twenty days after the date of the order or shall forthwith notify   the court that he declines to serve.
NY CPLR § 4314 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee R4314 - Successor Referee.

Rule  4314.  Successor  referee.  Upon  being  notified that a referee   declines or fails to serve, or in the case of the death, resignation  or   removal of a referee, or if a new trial is granted after a reference, on   motion  of any party or on its own initiative, the court may designate a   successor  referee,  unless  a  stipulation  upon  which  the  order  of   reference is based expressly provides otherwise.
NY CPLR § 4315 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee R4315 - Referee to Be Sworn.

Rule  4315.  Referee  to  be  sworn.  A referee, other than a judicial   hearing officer or a special referee, before entering upon  his  duties,   shall  be  sworn  faithfully  and  fairly  to do such acts and make such   determination and  report  as  the  order  requires.  The  oath  may  be   administered  by  any person authorized to take acknowledgments of deeds   by the real property law. The oath may be waived  upon  consent  of  all   parties.
NY CPLR § 4316 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee R4316 - Procedure Where More Than One Referee.

Rule  4316. Procedure where more than one referee. Where the reference   is to more than one referee all must meet  together  and  hear  all  the   allegations and proofs of the parties; but a majority may appoint a time   and  place  for  the  trial,  decide  any question which arises upon the   trial, sign a report or settle a case. Any of  them  may  administer  an   oath  to  a witness; and a majority of those present at a time and place   appointed for the trial may adjourn the trial to a future day.
NY CPLR § 4317 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee 4317 - When Reference to Determine May Be Used.

§  4317.  When reference to determine may be used. (a) Upon consent of the  parties.  The  parties  may  stipulate  that  any  issue  shall  be determined  by  a  referee.  Upon the filing of the stipulation with the clerk, the clerk shall forthwith enter an order referring the issue  for trial  to the referee named therein. Where the stipulation does not name a referee, the court shall designate  a  referee.  Leave  of  court  and designation  by  it  of  the  referee  is  required  for  references  in matrimonial  actions;  actions  against  a  corporation  to   obtain   a dissolution, to appoint a receiver of its property, or to distribute its property,  unless  such  action  is  brought by the attorney-general; or actions where a defendant is an infant.  (b) Without consent of the parties. On motion of any party or  on  its own  initiative, the court may order a reference to determine a cause of action or an issue where the trial will require  the  examination  of  a long  account,  including  actions  to foreclose mechanic's liens; or to determine an issue of damages separately triable  and  not  requiring  a trial by jury; or where otherwise authorized by law.  (c)  Transcript.  Unless  otherwise  stipulated,  a  transcript of the testimony together with the exhibits or  copies  thereof  of  the  issue heard  before  the referee shall be provided to all the parties involved upon payment of appropriate fees.
NY CPLR § 4318 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee 4318 - Conduct of Trial.

§  4318.  Conduct of trial. Unless otherwise specified in the order of   reference, the referee shall conduct the trial in the same manner  as  a   court  trying  an  issue  without  a  jury.  The  provisions  of article   forty-four applicable to trial by the court shall apply to  a  reference   pursuant to this article.
NY CPLR § 4319 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee 4319 - Decision.

§  4319.  Decision.  The  decision  of a referee shall comply with the   requirements for a decision by the court and shall stand as the decision   of a court.  Unless otherwise specified in the order of  reference,  the   referee  shall  file  his decision within thirty days after the cause or   matter is finally submitted.  If it is not  filed  within  the  required   time, upon the motion of a party before it is filed, the court may grant   a new trial and, in that event, the referee shall not be entitled to any   fees.
NY CPLR § 4320 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee 4320 - Reference to Report.

§ 4320. Reference to report. (a) Conduct of trial. A referee to report shall  conduct  the  trial in the same manner as a court trying an issue without a jury.  (b) Report; transcript. The referee shall  file  his  report,  setting forth  findings of fact and conclusions of law, within thirty days after the cause or matter is finally submitted. Unless otherwise stipulated, a transcript of the testimony together with the exhibits or copies thereof shall be filed with the report.
NY CPLR § 4321 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 43 - Trial by a Referee R4321 - Fees and Expenses.

Rule  4321.  Fees  and  expenses.  1.  An order or a stipulation for a   reference  shall  determine  the  basis  and  method  of  computing  the   referee's  fees  and  provide for their payment.   The court may make an   appropriate order for the payment of  the  reasonable  expenses  of  the   referee.  Unless the court otherwise orders or the stipulation otherwise   provides, such fees and expenses of the referee shall be taxed as costs.2. This section shall not apply where the reference is to  a  judicial   hearing officer.
NY CPLR § 4401 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 44 - Trial Motions R4401 - Motion for Judgment During Trial.

Rule  4401.  Motion  for judgment during trial. Any party may move for   judgment with respect to a cause of action or issue upon the ground that   the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law,  after  the   close  of  the  evidence  presented by an opposing party with respect to   such cause of  action  or  issue,  or  at  any  time  on  the  basis  of   admissions.  Grounds  for the motion shall be specified. The motion does   not waive the right to trial by jury or to present further evidence even   where it is made by all parties.
NY CPLR § 4401-A (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 44 - Trial Motions 4401-A - Motion for Judgment.

§ 4401-a. Motion for judgment. A motion for judgment at the end of the   plaintiff's  case  must be granted as to any cause of action for medical   malpractice based solely on lack of informed consent  if  the  plaintiff   has  failed to adduce expert medical testimony in support of the alleged   qualitative insufficiency of the consent.
NY CPLR § 4402 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 44 - Trial Motions R4402 - Motion for Continuance or New Trial During Trial.

Rule  4402.  Motion  for continuance or new trial during trial. At any   time during the trial, the court, on motion of any party,  may  order  a   continuance  or  a new trial in the interest of justice on such terms as   may be just.
NY CPLR § 4403 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 44 - Trial Motions R4403 - Motion for New Trial or to Confirm or Reject or Grant Other Relief After Reference to Report or Verdict of Advisory Jury.

Rule  4403.    Motion  for  new trial or to confirm or reject or grant   other relief after reference to report or verdict of advisory jury. Upon   the motion of any party or on his own initiative, the judge required  to   decide the issue may confirm or reject, in whole or in part, the verdict   of  an  advisory jury or the report of a referee to report; may make new   findings with or without taking additional testimony; and  may  order  a   new trial or hearing. The motion shall be made within fifteen days after   the  verdict  or  the filing of the report and prior to further trial in   the action. Where no issues remain to be tried the  court  shall  render   decision directing judgment in the action.
NY CPLR § 4404 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 44 - Trial Motions R4404 - Post-Trial Motion for Judgment and New Trial.

Rule  4404.  Post-trial  motion for judgment and new trial. (a) Motion after trial where jury required. After a trial of a cause of  action  or issue triable of right by a jury, upon the motion of any party or on its own  initiative,  the  court  may  set  aside  a verdict or any judgment entered thereon and direct that judgment be entered in favor of a  party entitled to judgment as a matter of law or it may order a new trial of a cause  of action or separable issue where the verdict is contrary to the weight of the evidence, in the interest of justice  or  where  the  jury cannot  agree  after  being  kept  together  for  as  long  as is deemed reasonable by the court.  (b) Motion after trial where jury not  required.  After  a  trial  not triable  of  right by a jury, upon the motion of any party or on its own initiative, the court may set aside its decision or any judgment entered thereon.  It may make new findings of fact or conclusions of  law,  with or without taking additional testimony, render a new decision and direct entry  of  judgment, or it may order a new trial of a cause of action or separable issue.
NY CPLR § 4405 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 44 - Trial Motions R4405 - Time and Judge Before Whom Post-Trial Motion Made.

Rule 4405. Time and judge before whom post-trial motion made. A motion   under  this  article  shall be made before the judge who presided at the   trial within fifteen days after decision, verdict or  discharge  of  the   jury.  The  court  shall have no power to grant relief after argument or   submission of an appeal from the final judgment.
NY CPLR § 4406 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 44 - Trial Motions R4406 - Single Post-Trial Motion.

Rule  4406.  Single  post-trial  motion.  In  addition to motions made   orally immediately after decision, verdict or  discharge  of  the  jury,   there  shall  be  only one motion under this article with respect to any   decision by a court, or to a verdict on issues triable  of  right  by  a   jury;  and  each party shall raise by the motion or by demand under rule   2215 every ground for post-trial relief then available to him.
NY CPLR § 4501 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4501 - Self-Incrimination.

§  4501.  Self-incrimination. A competent witness shall not be excused   from answering a relevant question, on the ground only that  the  answer   may  tend  to establish that he owes a debt or is otherwise subject to a   civil suit. This section does not require a witness to  give  an  answer   which  will  tend  to  accuse  himself  of a crime or to expose him to a   penalty or forfeiture, nor does it vary any other  rule  respecting  the   examination of a witness.
NY CPLR § 4502 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4502 - Spouse.

§  4502.  Spouse.  (a) Incompetency where issue adultery. A husband or wife is not competent to testify against the other in an action  founded upon  adultery,  except to prove the marriage, disprove the adultery, or disprove a defense after evidence has been introduced tending  to  prove such defense.  (b) Confidential communication privileged. A husband or wife shall not be  required,  or,  without  consent of the other if living, allowed, to disclose a confidential communication made by one to  the  other  during marriage.
NY CPLR § 4505 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4505 - Confidential Communication to Clergy Privileged.

§  4505.  Confidential  communication to clergy privileged. Unless the   person confessing or confiding waives the  privilege,  a  clergyman,  or   other  minister  of  any  religion  or duly accredited Christian Science   practitioner, shall not be allowed disclose a confession  or  confidence   made to him in his professional character as spiritual advisor.
NY CPLR § 4507 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4507 - Psychologist.

§  4507.  Psychologist.  The confidential relations and communications   between a psychologist registered under the provisions  of  article  one   hundred  fifty-three  of  the education law and his client are placed on   the same basis as those provided by law between attorney and client, and   nothing  in  such  article  shall  be  construed  to  require  any  such   privileged communications to be disclosed.A  client  who,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  insurance benefits,   authorizes the disclosure of any such privileged  communication  to  any   person  shall not be deemed to have waived the privilege created by this   section. For purposes of this section:1. "person" shall mean any individual, insurer or agent thereof,  peer   review  committee, public or private corporation, political subdivision,   government agency, department or  bureau  of  the  state,  municipality,   industry,  co-partnership, association, firm, trust, estate or any other   legal entity whatsoever; and2. "insurance benefits" shall include payments  under  a  self-insured   plan.
NY CPLR § 4508 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4508 - Social Worker.

§  4508.  Social  worker.   (a) Confidential information privileged. A person licensed as  a  licensed  master  social  worker  or  a  licensed clinical  social  worker  under  the  provisions  of article one hundred fifty-four of the education law shall not  be  required  to  disclose  a communication  made  by a client, or his or her advice given thereon, in the course of his or her professional employment, nor shall  any  clerk, stenographer  or  other  person  working  for  the same employer as such social worker or for such social worker be allowed to disclose any  such communication or advice given thereon; except   1. that such social worker may disclose such information as the client may authorize;   2.  that  such  social  worker  shall  not  be  required  to  treat as confidential a communication by a client which reveals the contemplation of a crime or harmful act;   3. where the client is a child  under  the  age  of  sixteen  and  the information acquired by such social worker indicates that the client has been the victim or subject of a crime, the social worker may be required to  testify  fully  in  relation  thereto upon any examination, trial or other proceeding in which the commission of such crime is a  subject  of inquiry;   4.  where  the client waives the privilege by bringing charges against such social worker and such charges involve confidential  communications between the client and the social worker.  (b)  Limitations on waiver. A client who, for the purpose of obtaining insurance benefits, authorizes the disclosure  of  any  such  privileged communication  to  any  person  shall  not  be deemed to have waived the privilege created by this section. For purposes of this subdivision:   1. "person" shall mean any individual, insurer or agent thereof,  peer review  committee, public or private corporation, political subdivision, government agency, department or  bureau  of  the  state,  municipality, industry,  co-partnership, association, firm, trust, estate or any other legal entity whatsoever; and   2. "insurance benefits" shall include payments  under  a  self-insured plan.
NY CPLR § 4509 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4509 - Library Records.

§  4509.  Library  records.    Library records, which contain names or   other personally identifying details regarding the users of public, free   association,  school,  college  and  university  libraries  and  library   systems  of  this state, including but not limited to records related to   the  circulation  of  library  materials,  computer  database  searches,   interlibrary   loan   transactions,   reference  queries,  requests  for   photocopies of library materials, title reserve requests, or the use  of   audio-visual  materials,  films  or  records,  shall be confidential and   shall not be disclosed except that such records may be disclosed to  the   extent  necessary  for the proper operation of such library and shall be   disclosed upon request or consent of the user or pursuant  to  subpoena,   court order or where otherwise required by statute.
NY CPLR § 4511 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence R4511 - Judicial Notice of Law.

Rule  4511.  Judicial notice of law. (a) When judicial notice shall be taken without request. Every court shall take  judicial  notice  without request  of  the  common  law,  constitutions and public statutes of the United States and of every state,  territory  and  jurisdiction  of  the United  States  and  of  the  official  compilation  of codes, rules and regulations of  the  state  except  those  that  relate  solely  to  the organization or internal management of an agency of the state and of all local laws and county acts.  (b)  When  judicial notice may be taken without request; when it shall be taken on request.  Every  court  may  take  judicial  notice  without request  of  private  acts and resolutions of the congress of the United States and of the legislature of the state; ordinances  and  regulations of  officers,  agencies  or governmental subdivisions of the state or of the United States; and the laws of foreign countries or their  political subdivisions.  Judicial  notice  shall  be taken of matters specified in this subdivision if a party requests it, furnishes the court  sufficient information  to enable it to comply with the request, and has given each adverse party notice of his intention to request  it.  Notice  shall  be given  in  the pleadings or prior to the presentation of any evidence at the trial, but a court may require or permit other notice.  (c) Determination by court; review as matter of law. Whether a  matter is  judicially noticed or proof is taken, every matter specified in this section shall be determined by the judge or referee, and included in his or her findings or charged to the jury. Such findings or charge shall be subject to review on appeal as a finding or charge on a matter of law.  (d) Evidence to be received on matter to  be  judicially  noticed.  In considering  whether a matter of law should be judicially noticed and in determining the matter of law to be judicially noticed,  the  court  may consider  any  testimony,  document,  information  or  argument  on  the subject, whether offered by  a  party  or  discovered  through  its  own research.  Whether  or not judicial notice is taken, a printed copy of a statute or other  written  law  or  a  proclamation,  edict,  decree  or ordinance by an executive contained in a book or publication, purporting to  have been published by a government or commonly admitted as evidence of the existing law in the judicial tribunals of the jurisdiction  where it is in force, is prima facie evidence of such law and the unwritten or common  law  of  a  jurisdiction  may  be proved by witnesses or printed reports of cases of the courts of the jurisdiction.
NY CPLR § 4512 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4512 - Competency of Interested Witness or Spouse.

§  4512.  Competency  of  interested  witness  or  spouse.  Except  as   otherwise expressly prescribed,  a  person  shall  not  be  excluded  or   excused  from being a witness, by reason of his interest in the event or   because he is a party or the spouse of a party.
NY CPLR § 4513 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence 4513 - Competency of Person Convicted of Crime.

§ 4513. Competency of person convicted of crime. A person who has been   convicted  of  a crime is a competent witness; but the conviction may be   proved, for the purpose of affecting the weight of his testimony, either   by cross-examination, upon which he shall  be  required  to  answer  any   relevant  question,  or  by the record. The party cross-examining is not   concluded by such person's answer.
NY CPLR § 4514 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence R4514 - Impeachment of Witness by Prior Inconsistent Statement.

Rule 4514. Impeachment of witness by prior inconsistent statement.  In   addition to impeachment in the manner permitted by common law, any party   may  introduce  proof  that  any  witness  has  made  a  prior statement   inconsistent with his testimony if the statement was made in  a  writing   subscribed by him or was made under oath.
NY CPLR § 4515 (2021)
2021 New York Laws CVP - Civil Practice Law and Rules Article 45 - Evidence R4515 - Form of Expert Opinion.

Rule  4515. Form of expert opinion. Unless the court orders otherwise,   questions calling for the opinion of  an  expert  witness  need  not  be   hypothetical  in form, and the witness may state his opinion and reasons   without  first  specifying  the  data  upon  which  it  is  based.  Upon   cross-examination,  he  may  be  required  to specify the data and other   criteria supporting the opinion.