reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 38-36-113 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-113. Examiner of Titles - Compensation - Oath or Affirmation - Bond

 The judges of the district court in and for the judicial districts for which they are elected or appointed shall appoint a competent attorney in each county within their district as examiner of titles and legal adviser of the registrar. The examiner of titles in each county shall be paid in each case by the applicant such compensation as the judge of the district court determines. Every examiner of titles shall take an oath or affirmation in accordance with section 24-12-101 and shall also give a bond in such amount and with such sureties as shall be approved by the judge of the district court, payable in like manner and with like conditions as required of the registrar. A copy of the bond shall be entered upon the records of said court and the original shall be filed with the registrar.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 317, § 13. R.S. 08: § 726. C.L. § 4936. CSA: C. 40, § 181. CRS 53: § 118-10-13. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-13. L. 2018: Entire section amended,(HB 18-1138), ch. 88, p. 704, § 47, effective August 8. History. Source: L. 03: P. 317, § 13. R.S. 08: § 726. C.L. § 4936. CSA: C. 40, § 181. CRS 53: § 118-10-13. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-13. L. 2018: Entire section amended,(HB 18-1138), ch. 88, p. 704, § 47, effective August 8.    Cross references:   For the legislative declaration in HB 18-1138, see section 1 of chapter 88, Session Laws of Colorado 2018.   ANNOTATION   Applied in People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907).
CO Code § 38-36-114 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-114. Nonresident Applicant to Appoint Process Agent

 If the applicant is not a resident of the state of Colorado, he shall file with his application a paper, duly acknowledged, appointing an agent residing in this state, giving his name in full and his post-office address, and shall therein agree that the service of any legal process in proceedings under or growing out of the application shall be of the same legal effect when made on said agent as if made on the applicant within this state. If the agent so appointed dies or removes from the state, the applicant shall at once make another appointment in like manner, and if he fails to do so, the court may dismiss the application.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 318, § 14. R.S. 08: § 727. C.L. § 4937. CSA: C. 40, § 182. CRS 53: § 118-10-14. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-14. History. Source: L. 03: P. 318, § 14. R.S. 08: § 727. C.L. § 4937. CSA: C. 40, § 182. CRS 53: § 118-10-14. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-14.
CO Code § 38-36-115 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-115. Filing and Service of Application - Land Registration Docket

 The application shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court to which the application is made, and in case of personal service a true copy thereof shall be served with the summons, and the clerk shall docket the case in a book to be kept for that purpose, which shall be known as the “land registration docket”. The record entry of the application shall be entitled (name of applicant), plaintiff, against (here insert names of all persons named in the application as being in possession of the premises, or as having any lien, encumbrance, right, title, or interest in the land, and the names of all persons found by the report of the examiner provided for in section 38-36-118 to be in possession or to have any lien, encumbrance, right, title, or interest in the land), also all other persons or parties unknown, claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interests in the real estate described in the application as defendants. All orders, judgments, and decrees of the court in the case shall be appropriately entered in such docket. All final orders or decrees shall be recorded, and proper reference made thereto in such docket.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 318, § 15. R.S. 08: § 728. C.L. § 4938. CSA: C. 40, § 183. CRS 53: § 118-10-15. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-15. History. Source: L. 03: P. 318, § 15. R.S. 08: § 728. C.L. § 4938. CSA: C. 40, § 183. CRS 53: § 118-10-15. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-15.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-116 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-116. Abstract of Title Filed With Application

 The applicant shall also file with the clerk, at the time the application is made, an abstract of title such as is now commonly used, prepared, and certified to by the county clerk and recorder of the county, or by a person, firm, or corporation regularly engaged in the abstract business, having satisfied the district court that they have a complete set of abstract books and are in existence and doing business at the time of the filing of the application under this article.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 318, § 15a. R.S. 08: § 729. C.L. § 4939. CSA: C. 40, § 184. CRS 53: § 118-10-16. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-16. History. Source: L. 03: P. 318, § 15a. R.S. 08: § 729. C.L. § 4939. CSA: C. 40, § 184. CRS 53: § 118-10-16. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-16.
CO Code § 38-36-117 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-117. Copy of Application Filed With County Clerk and Recorder - Lis Pendens

 At the time of the filing of the application in the office of the clerk of the court, a copy thereof, certified by the clerk, shall be filed, but need not be recorded, in the office of the county clerk and recorder and shall have the force and effect of a lis pendens.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 319, § 16. R.S. 08: § 730. C.L. § 4940. CSA: C. 40, § 185. CRS 53: § 118-10-17. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-17. History. Source: L. 03: P. 319, § 16. R.S. 08: § 730. C.L. § 4940. CSA: C. 40, § 185. CRS 53: § 118-10-17. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-17.    Cross references:   For lis pendens, see § 38-35-110 .
CO Code § 38-36-118 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-118. Examination of Application and Abstract - Report of Examiner

 Immediately after the filing of the abstract of title, the court shall enter an order referring the application to an examiner of titles, who shall proceed to examine into the title and into the truth of the matters set forth in the application, and particularly whether the land is occupied, the nature of the occupation if occupied, and by what right, and, also as to all judgments against the applicant or those through whom he claims title, which may be a lien upon the lands described in the application. He shall search the records and investigate all the facts brought to his notice, and file in the case a report thereon, including a certificate of his opinion upon the title. The clerk of the court shall thereupon give notice to the applicant of the filing of such report. If the opinion of the examiner is adverse to the applicant, he shall be allowed by the court a reasonable time in which to elect to proceed further, or to withdraw his application. The election shall be made in writing and filed with the clerk of the court.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 319, § 17. R.S. 08: § 731. C.L. § 4941. CSA: C. 40, § 186. CRS 53: § 118-10-18. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-18. History. Source: L. 03: P. 319, § 17. R.S. 08: § 731. C.L. § 4941. CSA: C. 40, § 186. CRS 53: § 118-10-18. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-18.    ANNOTATION   Applied in People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907).
CO Code § 38-36-119 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-119. Issuance of Summons

 If, in the opinion of the examiner, the applicant has a title as alleged, and proper registration, or if the applicant, after an adverse opinion of the examiner, elects to proceed further, the clerk of the court shall immediately upon the filing of the examiner's opinion or the applicant's election, as the case may be, issue a summons substantially in the form provided for in section 38-36-123 . The summons shall be issued by the order of the court and attested by the clerk of the court.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 319, § 18. R.S. 08: § 732. C.L. § 4942. CSA: C. 40, § 187. CRS 53: § 118-10-19. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-19. History. Source: L. 03: P. 319, § 18. R.S. 08: § 732. C.L. § 4942. CSA: C. 40, § 187. CRS 53: § 118-10-19. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-19.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Provisions of the Torrens Title Registration Act govern service of process in case brought under the Torrens Act. Rael v. Taylor, 876 P.2d 1210 (Colo. 1994).
CO Code § 38-36-120 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-120. Parties Plaintiff and Defendant - Unknown Claimants

 The applicant shall be known in the summons as the plaintiff. All persons named in the application or found by the report of the examiner as being in possession of the premises or as having of record any lien, encumbrance, right, title, or interest in the land, and all other persons designated as follows: “All other persons or parties unknown claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interest in, to, or upon the real estate described in the application herein”, shall be defendants.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 320, § 19. R.S. 08: § 733. C.L. § 4943. CSA: C. 40, § 188. CRS 53: § 118-10-20. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-20. History. Source: L. 03: P. 320, § 19. R.S. 08: § 733. C.L. § 4943. CSA: C. 40, § 188. CRS 53: § 118-10-20. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-20.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Provisions of the Torrens Title Registration Act govern service of process in case brought under the Torrens Act. Rael v. Taylor, 876 P.2d 1210 (Colo. 1994).
CO Code § 38-36-121 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-121. Contents of Summons - Service

 The summons shall be directed to the defendants and require them to appear and answer the application within twenty days after the service of the summons, exclusive of the day of service. The summons shall be served as is provided for the service of summons in civil actions in the district court in this state, except as otherwise provided in this article. The summons shall be served upon nonresident defendants and upon “all such unknown persons or parties”, defendant, by publishing said summons in a newspaper of general circulation printed and published in the county where the application is filed, once in each week for three consecutive weeks, and such service by publication shall be deemed complete at the end of the twenty-first day from and including the first publication. If any named defendant assents in writing to the registration as prayed for, which assent shall be endorsed upon the application or filed therewith and be duly witnessed and acknowledged, then in all such cases no service of summons upon said defendant shall be necessary.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 320, § 20. R.S. 08: § 734. C.L. § 4944. CSA: C. 40, § 189. CRS 53: § 118-10-21. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-21. History. Source: L. 03: P. 320, § 20. R.S. 08: § 734. C.L. § 4944. CSA: C. 40, § 189. CRS 53: § 118-10-21. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-21.    Cross references:   For the competency of newspapers and the construction of publication periods, see § 24-70-106 ; for service of summons, see C.R.C.P. 4(e) to 4(h).   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Notice complies with due process. Notice to unknown persons, as provided by this section, complies with due process of law. White v. Ainsworth, 62 Colo. 513 , 163 P. 959, 1918E Ann. Cas. 179 (1917).   Published notice is sufficient without notice by name to those outside the state. White v. Ainsworth, 62 Colo. 513 , 163 P. 959, 1918E Ann. Cas. 179 (1917).   Provisions of the Torrens Title Registration Act govern service of process in case brought under the Torrens Act. Rael v. Taylor, 876 P.2d 1210 (Colo. 1994).   Applied in Gerbig v. Spelts, 89 Colo. 201 , 300 P. 606 (1931).
CO Code § 38-36-122 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-122. Clerk to Mail Copy of Summons and Other Notices

 The clerk of the court shall also, on or before twenty days after the first publication, send a copy thereof by mail to such defendants who are not residents of the state whose place of address is known or stated in the application and whose appearance is not entered and who are not in person served with the summons. The certificate of the clerk that he has sent such notice in pursuance of this section shall be conclusive evidence thereof. Other or further notice of the application for registration may be given in such manner and to such persons as the court or any judge thereof may direct. The summons shall be served at the expense of the applicant, and proof of the service thereof shall be made as proof of service is now made in other civil actions.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 320, § 20a. R.S. 08: § 735. C.L. § 4945. CSA: C. 40, § 190. CRS 53: § 118-10-22. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-22. History. Source: L. 03: P. 320, § 20a. R.S. 08: § 735. C.L. § 4945. CSA: C. 40, § 190. CRS 53: § 118-10-22. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-22.    ANNOTATION   Provisions of the Torrens Title Registration Act govern service of process in case brought under the Torrens Act. Rael v. Taylor, 876 P.2d 1210 (Colo. 1994).   Applied in Gerbig v. Spelts, 89 Colo. 201 , 300 P. 606 (1931).
CO Code § 38-36-123 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-123. Form of Summons

 [Form Excluded]   History. Source: L. 03: P. 321, § 20b. R.S. 08: § 736. C.L. § 4946. CSA: C. 40, § 191. CRS 53: § 118-10-23. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-23. History. Source: L. 03: P. 321, § 20b. R.S. 08: § 736. C.L. § 4946. CSA: C. 40, § 191. CRS 53: § 118-10-23. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-23.
CO Code § 38-36-124 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-124. When Guardian Ad Litem Appointed - Compensation

 The court shall appoint a disinterested person to act as guardian ad litem for minors and other persons under disability and for all other persons not in being who appear to have an interest in the land. The compensation of the said guardian shall be determined by the court and paid as a part of the expense of the proceeding.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 21. R.S. 08: § 737. C.L. § 4947. CSA: C. 40, § 192. CRS 53: § 118-10-24. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-24. History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 21. R.S. 08: § 737. C.L. § 4947. CSA: C. 40, § 192. CRS 53: § 118-10-24. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-24.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Applied in Gerbig v. Spelts, 89 Colo. 201 , 300 P. 606 (1931).
CO Code § 38-36-125 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-125. Who May Answer - Contents of Answer

 Any person claiming an interest, whether named in the summons or not, may appear and file an answer within the time named in the summons, or within such further time as may be allowed by the court. The answer shall state all objections to the application, and shall set forth the interests claimed by the party filing the same, and shall be signed and sworn to by him or by some person in his behalf.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 22. R.S. 08: § 738. C.L. § 4948. CSA: C. 40, § 193. CRS 53: § 118-10-25. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-25. History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 22. R.S. 08: § 738. C.L. § 4948. CSA: C. 40, § 193. CRS 53: § 118-10-25. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-25.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-126 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-126. Decree, When No Answer Filed - Binds Unknown Claimants

 If no person appears and answers within the time named in the summons or allowed by the court, the court may at once, upon the motion of the applicant, no reason to the contrary appearing and upon satisfactory proof of the applicant's right thereto, make its order and decree confirming the title of the applicant and ordering registration of the same. By the description in the summons, “all other persons unknown, claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interest in, to, or upon the real estate described in the application herein”, all the world are made parties defendant and shall be concluded by the default, order, and decree. The court shall not be bound by the report of the examiners of title but may require other or further proof.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 23. R.S. 08: § 739. C.L. § 4949. CSA: C. 40, § 194. CRS 53: § 118-10-26. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-26. History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 23. R.S. 08: § 739. C.L. § 4949. CSA: C. 40, § 194. CRS 53: § 118-10-26. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-26.
CO Code § 38-36-127 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-127. Cause Set for Trial - Default - Referee Appointed

 If, in any case, an appearance is entered and answer filed, the cause shall be set down for hearing on motion of either party, but a default and order shall first be entered against all persons who do not appear and answer in the manner provided in section 38-36-126 . The court may refer the cause or any part thereof to one of the examiners of title, as referee, to hear the parties and their evidence, and make report thereon to the court. His report shall have the same force and effect as that of a magistrate appointed by the district court under the laws of this state, and relating to the appointment, duties, and powers of magistrates.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 24. R.S. 08: § 740. C.L. § 4950. CSA: C. 40, § 195. CRS 53: § 118-10-27. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-27. L. 91: Entire section amended, p. 366, § 43, effective April 9. History. Source: L. 03: P. 322, § 24. R.S. 08: § 740. C.L. § 4950. CSA: C. 40, § 195. CRS 53: § 118-10-27. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-27. L. 91: Entire section amended, p. 366, § 43, effective April 9.    Cross references:   For the appointment, duties, and powers of a referee, see C.R.C.P. 53.   ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Acts of examiners subject to review. Examiners may act as referees on any pending application, but all their acts are subject to review by the district court. People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907).
CO Code § 38-36-128 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-128. Court May Order Further Proof

 The court may order such other or further hearing of the cause before the court or before the examiner of titles after the filing of the report of the examiner referred to in section 38-36-127 and require such other or further proof by either of the parties to the cause as to the court seems proper.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 323, § 25. R.S. 08: § 741. C.L. § 4951. CSA: C. 40, § 196. CRS 53: § 118-10-28. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-28. History. Source: L. 03: P. 323, § 25. R.S. 08: § 741. C.L. § 4951. CSA: C. 40, § 196. CRS 53: § 118-10-28. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-28.    ANNOTATION   Applied in People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1907).
CO Code § 38-36-129 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-129. Title Not Proper for Registration Dismissed - Applicant May Dismiss

 If, in any case, after hearing, the court finds that the applicant has no title proper for registration, a decree shall be entered dismissing the application, and such decree may be ordered to be without prejudice. The applicant may dismiss his application at any time before the final decree, upon such terms as may be fixed by the court, and upon motion to dismiss duly made to the court.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 323, § 26. R.S. 08: § 742. C.L. § 4952. CSA: C. 40, § 197. CRS 53: § 118-10-29. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-29. History. Source: L. 03: P. 323, § 26. R.S. 08: § 742. C.L. § 4952. CSA: C. 40, § 197. CRS 53: § 118-10-29. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-29.    ANNOTATION   Section is not in violation of § 25 of art. II, Colo. Const., or of the fourteenth amendment to the federal constitution, on the ground of not complying with due process of law in that it fails to provide for an affirmative judgment for defendant. People ex rel. Smith v. Crissman, 41 Colo. 450 , 92 P. 949 (1901).
CO Code § 38-36-130 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-130. Decree of Confirmation - Effect - Appeal

 If the court, after hearing, finds that the applicant has title, whether as stated in his application or otherwise, proper for registration, a decree of confirmation of title and registration shall be entered. Every decree of registration shall bind the land and quiet the title thereto, except as otherwise provided in this article, and shall be forever binding and conclusive upon all persons, whether mentioned by name in the application or included in “all other persons or parties unknown claiming any right, title, estate, lien, or interest in, to, or upon the real estate described in the application herein”, and such decree shall not be opened by reason of the absence, infancy, or other disability of any person affected thereby, nor by any proceeding at law or in equity for reversing judgments or decrees, except as especially provided in section 38-36-131 . An appeal may be taken as provided by law and the Colorado appellate rules within the same time and upon like notice, terms, and conditions as are provided for the taking of appeals from the district court to the appellate court in civil actions.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 323, § 27. R.S. 08: § 743. C.L. § 4953. CSA: C. 40, § 198. CRS 53: § 118-10-30. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-30. History. Source: L. 03: P. 323, § 27. R.S. 08: § 743. C.L. § 4953. CSA: C. 40, § 198. CRS 53: § 118-10-30. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-30.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “One Year Review of Property”, see 37 Dicta 89 (1960). For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Decree registering title is conclusive as against claimants under a prior deed. Gerbig v. Spelts, 89 Colo. 201 , 300 P. 606 (1931).   Applied in White v. Ainsworth, 62 Colo. 513 , 163 P. 959, 1918E Ann. Cas. 179 (1917).