reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MT Code § 30-2A-529 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 2A. Uniform Commercial Code Leases|Part 5. Default|30-2A-529. Lessor's action for rent

  30-2A-529. Lessor's action for rent. (1) After default by the lessee under the lease contract of the type described in 30-2A-523(1) or (3)(a) or, if agreed, after other default by the lessee, if the lessor complies with subsection (2), the lessor may recover from the lessee as damages:   (a) for goods accepted by the lessee and not repossessed by or tendered to the lessor and for conforming goods lost or damaged within a commercially reasonable time after risk of loss passes to the lessee (30-2A-219):   (i) accrued and unpaid rent as of the date of entry of judgment in favor of the lessor;   (ii) the present value as of the same date of the rent for the then remaining lease term of the lease agreement; and   (iii) any incidental damages allowed under 30-2A-530 less expenses saved in consequence of the lessee's default; and   (b) for goods identified to the lease contract if the lessor is unable after reasonable effort to dispose of them at a reasonable price or the circumstances reasonably indicate that effort will be unavailing:   (i) accrued and unpaid rent as of the date of entry of judgment in favor of the lessor;   (ii) the present value as of the same date of the rent for the then remaining lease term of the lease agreement; and   (iii) any incidental damages allowed under 30-2A-530 less expenses saved in consequence of the lessee's default.   (2) Except as provided in subsection (3), the lessor shall hold for the lessee for the remaining lease term of the lease agreement any goods that have been identified to the lease contract and are in the lessor's control.   (3) The lessor may dispose of the goods at any time before collection of the judgment for damages obtained pursuant to subsection (1). If the disposition is before the end of the remaining lease term of the lease agreement, the lessor's recovery against the lessee for damages is governed by 30-2A-527 or 30-2A-528 and the lessor will cause an appropriate credit to be provided against a judgment for damages to the extent that the amount of the judgment exceeds the recovery available pursuant to 30-2A-527 or 30-2A-528.   (4) Payment of the judgment for damages obtained pursuant to subsection (1) entitles the lessee to the use and possession of the goods not then disposed of for the remaining lease term of and in accordance with the lease agreement.   (5) If a lessee under a lease contract defaults as described in 30-2A-523(1) or (3)(a) or, if agreed, after other default by the lessee, a lessor who is held not entitled to rent under this section must nevertheless be awarded damages for nonacceptance under 30-2A-527 or 30-2A-528.   History: En. Sec. 83, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-2A-530 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 2A. Uniform Commercial Code Leases|Part 5. Default|30-2A-530. Lessor's incidental damages

  30-2A-530. Lessor's incidental damages. Incidental damages to an aggrieved lessor include any commercially reasonable charges, expenses, or commissions incurred in stopping delivery; in the transportation, care, and custody of goods after the lessee's default; in connection with return or disposition of the goods; or otherwise resulting from the default.   History: En. Sec. 84, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-2A-531 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 2A. Uniform Commercial Code Leases|Part 5. Default|30-2A-531. Standing to sue third parties for injury to goods

  30-2A-531. Standing to sue third parties for injury to goods. (1) If a third party so deals with goods that have been identified to a lease contract as to cause actionable injury to a party to the lease contract:   (a) the lessor has a right of action against the third party; and   (b) the lessee also has a right of action against the third party if the lessee:   (i) has a security interest in the goods;   (ii) has an insurable interest in the goods; or   (iii) bears the risk of loss under the lease contract or has since the injury assumed that risk as against the lessor and the goods have been converted or destroyed.   (2) If at the time of the injury the party plaintiff did not bear the risk of loss as against the other party to the lease contract and there is no arrangement between them for disposition of the recovery, the party plaintiff's suit or settlement, subject to the party plaintiff's own interest, is as a fiduciary for the other party to the lease contract.   (3) Either party with the consent of the other may sue for the benefit of whom it may concern.   History: En. Sec. 85, Ch. 410, L. 1991; amd. Sec. 898, Ch. 56, L. 2009.
MT Code § 30-2A-532 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 2A. Uniform Commercial Code Leases|Part 5. Default|30-2A-532. Lessor's rights to residual interest

  30-2A-532. Lessor's rights to residual interest. In addition to any other recovery permitted by this chapter or other law, the lessor may recover from the lessee an amount that will fully compensate the lessor for any loss of or damage to the lessor's residual interest in the goods caused by the default of the lessee.   History: En. Sec. 86, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-101 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-101. Short title

  30-3-101. Short title. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code--Negotiable Instruments.   History: En. Sec. 3-101, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-101; amd. Sec. 87, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-103 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-103. Repealed

  30-3-103. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-103, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-103.
MT Code § 30-3-104 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-104. Negotiable instrument

  30-3-104. Negotiable instrument. (1) "Negotiable instrument" means an unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money, with or without interest or other charges described in the promise or order, if it:   (a) is payable to bearer or to order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder;   (b) is payable on demand or at a definite time; and   (c) does not state any other undertaking or instruction by the person promising or ordering payment to do any act in addition to the payment of money except that the promise or order may contain:   (i) an undertaking or power to give, maintain, or protect collateral to secure payment;   (ii) an authorization or power to the holder to confess judgment or realize on or dispose of collateral; or   (iii) a waiver of the benefit of any law intended for the advantage or protection of any obligor.   (2) "Instrument" means a negotiable instrument.   (3) An order that meets all of the requirements of subsection (1) except subsection (1)(a) and otherwise falls within the definition of "check" in subsection (6) is a negotiable instrument and a check.   (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), a promise or order other than a check is not an instrument if, at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder, it contains a conspicuous statement, however expressed, indicating that the writing is not an instrument governed by this chapter.   (5) An instrument is a "note" if it is a promise and is a "draft" if it is an order. If an instrument falls within the definition of both note and draft, the person entitled to enforce the instrument may treat it as either.   (6) (a) "Check" means:   (i) a draft, other than a documentary draft, payable on demand and drawn on a bank; or   (ii) a cashier's check or teller's check.   (b) An instrument may be a check even though it is described on its face by another term, such as "money order".   (7) "Cashier's check" means a draft with respect to which the drawer and drawee are the same bank or branches of the same bank.   (8) "Teller's check" means a draft drawn by a bank:   (a) on another bank; or   (b) payable at or through a bank.   (9) "Traveler's check" means an instrument that:   (a) is payable on demand;   (b) is drawn on or payable at or through a bank;   (c) is designated by the term traveler's check or by a substantially similar term; and   (d) requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the instrument.   (10) "Certificate of deposit" means an instrument containing an acknowledgment by a bank that a sum of money has been received by the bank and a promise by the bank to repay the sum of money. A certificate of deposit is a note of the bank.   History: En. Sec. 3-104, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-104; amd. Sec. 90, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-105 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-105. Unconditional promise or order

  30-3-105. Unconditional promise or order. (1) (a) Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3), for the purposes of 30-3-104(1), a promise or order is unconditional unless it states:   (i) an express condition to payment; or   (ii) that the promise or order is subject to or governed by another writing or that the rights or obligations with respect to the promise or order are stated in another writing.   (b) A mere reference to another writing does not make the promise or order conditional.   (2) A promise or order is not made conditional:   (a) by a reference to another writing for a statement of rights with respect to collateral, prepayment, or acceleration; or   (b) because payment is limited to or resorts to a particular fund or source.   (3) If a promise or order requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the promise or order, the condition does not make the promise or order conditional for the purposes of 30-3-104(1). If the person whose specimen signature appears on an instrument fails to countersign the instrument, the failure to countersign is a defense to the obligation of the issuer, but the failure does not prevent a transferee of the instrument from becoming a holder of the instrument.   (4) If a promise or order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder contains a statement, required by applicable statutory or administrative law, to the effect that the rights of a holder or transferee are subject to claims or defenses that the issuer could assert against the original payee, the promise or order is not thereby made conditional for the purposes of 30-3-104(1), but there cannot be a holder in due course of the promise or order.   History: En. Sec. 3-105, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-105; amd. Sec. 92, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-106 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-106. Repealed

  30-3-106. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-106, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-106.
MT Code § 30-3-107 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-107. Instrument payable in foreign money

  30-3-107. Instrument payable in foreign money. Unless the instrument otherwise provides, an instrument that states the amount payable in foreign money may be paid in the foreign money or in an equivalent amount in dollars calculated by using the current bank-offered spot rate at the place of payment for the purchase of dollars on the day on which the instrument is paid.   History: En. Sec. 3-107, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-107; amd. Sec. 93, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-108 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-108. Payable on demand

  30-3-108. Payable on demand. A promise or order is "payable on demand" if:   (1) it states that it is payable on demand or at sight or otherwise indicates that it is payable at the will of the holder; or   (2) it does not state any time of payment.   History: En. Sec. 3-108, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-108; amd. Sec. 94, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-109 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-109. Definite time

  30-3-109. Definite time. (1) A promise or order is "payable at a definite time" if it is payable on elapse of a definite period of time after sight or acceptance or at a fixed date or dates or at a time or times readily ascertainable at the time the promise or order is issued, subject to the rights of:   (a) prepayment;   (b) acceleration;   (c) extension at the option of the holder; or   (d) extension to a further definite time at the option of the maker or acceptor or automatically upon or after a specified act or event.   (2) If an instrument, payable at a fixed date, is also payable upon demand made before the fixed date, the instrument is payable on demand until the fixed date and, if demand for payment is not made before that date, becomes payable at a definite time on the fixed date.   History: En. Sec. 3-109, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-109; amd. Sec. 95, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-110 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-110. Repealed

  30-3-110. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-110, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-110.
MT Code § 30-3-111 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-111. Payable to bearer or to order

  30-3-111. Payable to bearer or to order. (1) A promise or order is "payable to bearer" if it:   (a) states that it is payable to bearer or to the order of bearer or otherwise indicates that the person in possession of the promise or order is entitled to payment;   (b) does not state a payee; or   (c) states that it is payable to or to the order of "cash" or otherwise indicates that it is not payable to an identified person.   (2) A promise or order that is not payable to bearer is "payable to order" if it is payable to the order of an identified person or to an identified person or order. A promise or order that is payable to order is payable to the identified person.   (3) An instrument payable to bearer may become payable to an identified person if it is specially indorsed as stated in 30-3-204(1). An instrument payable to an identified person may become payable to bearer if it is indorsed in blank as stated in 30-3-204(2).   History: En. Sec. 3-111, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-111; amd. Sec. 96, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-112 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-112. Repealed

  30-3-112. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-112, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-112.
MT Code § 30-3-113 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-113. Repealed

  30-3-113. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-113, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-113.
MT Code § 30-3-114 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-114. Date of instrument

  30-3-114. Date of instrument. (1) An instrument may be antedated or postdated. The date stated determines the time of payment if the instrument is payable at a fixed period after date. Except as provided in 30-4-401(3), an instrument payable on demand is not payable before the date of the instrument.   (2) If an instrument is undated, its date is the date of its issue or, in the case of an unissued instrument, the date it first comes into possession of a holder.   History: En. Sec. 3-114, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-114; amd. Sec. 100, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-115 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-115. Incomplete instrument

  30-3-115. Incomplete instrument. (1) "Incomplete instrument" means a signed writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the contents of which show at the time of signing that it is incomplete but that the signer intended it to be completed by the addition of words or numbers.   (2) Subject to subsection (3), if an incomplete instrument is an instrument under 30-3-104, it may be enforced according to its terms if it is not completed or according to its terms as augmented by completion. If an incomplete instrument is not an instrument under 30-3-104 but, after completion, the requirements of 30-3-104 are met, the instrument may be enforced according to its terms as augmented by completion.   (3) If words or numbers are added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer, there is an alteration of the incomplete instrument governed by 30-3-407.   (4) The burden of establishing that words or numbers were added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer is on the person asserting the lack of authority.   History: En. Sec. 3-115, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-115; amd. Sec. 102, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-116 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-116. Repealed

  30-3-116. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-116, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-116.
MT Code § 30-3-117 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-117. Repealed

  30-3-117. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-117, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-117.
MT Code § 30-3-118 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-118. Repealed

  30-3-118. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-118, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-118.
MT Code § 30-3-119 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-119. Other agreements affecting instrument

  30-3-119. Other agreements affecting instrument. Subject to applicable law regarding exclusion of proof of contemporaneous or prior agreements, the obligation of a party to an instrument to pay the instrument may be modified, supplemented, or nullified by a separate agreement of the obligor and a person entitled to enforce the instrument if the instrument is issued or the obligation is incurred in reliance on the agreement or as part of the same transaction giving rise to the agreement. To the extent an obligation is modified, supplemented, or nullified by an agreement under this section, the agreement is a defense to the obligation.   History: En. Sec. 3-119, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-119; amd. Sec. 104, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-120 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-120. Repealed

  30-3-120. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-120, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-120.
MT Code § 30-3-121 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-121. Repealed

  30-3-121. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 3-121, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-121.
MT Code § 30-3-122 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-122. Statute of limitations

  30-3-122. Statute of limitations. (1) Except as provided in subsection (5), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay a note payable at a definite time must be commenced within 6 years after the payment date or dates stated in the note or, if a payment date is accelerated, within 6 years after the accelerated payment date.   (2) Except as provided in subsection (4) or (5), if demand for payment is made to the maker of a note payable on demand, an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay the note must be commenced within 6 years after the demand. If no demand for payment is made to the maker, an action to enforce the note is barred if neither principal nor interest on the note has been paid for a continuous period of 10 years.   (3) Except as provided in subsection (4), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to an unaccepted draft to pay the draft must be commenced within 6 years after dishonor of the draft or 10 years after the date of the draft, whichever period expires first.   (4) An action to enforce the obligation of the acceptor of a certified check or the issuer of a teller's check, cashier's check, or traveler's check must be commenced within 6 years after demand for payment is made to the acceptor or issuer, as the case may be.   (5) An action to enforce the obligation of a party to a certificate of deposit to pay the instrument must be commenced within 6 years after demand for payment is made to the maker, but if the instrument states a maturity date and the maker is not required to pay before that date, the 6-year period begins when a demand for payment is in effect and the maturity date has passed.   (6) This subsection applies to an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay an accepted draft, other than a certified check. If the obligation of the acceptor is payable at a definite time, the action must be commenced within 6 years after the payment date or dates stated in the draft or acceptance. If the obligation of the acceptor is payable on demand, the action must be commenced within 6 years after the date of the acceptance.   (7) Unless governed by other law regarding claims for indemnity or contribution, an action for conversion of an instrument, for money had and received, or for like action based on conversion; for breach of warranty; or to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this chapter and not governed by this section must be commenced within 3 years after the cause of action accrues.   History: En. Sec. 3-122, Ch. 264, L. 1963; R.C.M. 1947, 87A-3-122; amd. Sec. 105, Ch. 410, L. 1991.
MT Code § 30-3-123 (2021)
2021 Montana Code Annotated|Title 30. Trade and Commerce|Chapter 3. Uniform Commercial Code Negotiable Instruments|Part 1. Short Title, Form, and Interpretation|30-3-123. Repealed

  30-3-123. Repealed. Sec. 230, Ch. 410, L. 1991.   History: En. Sec. 593, C. Civ. Proc. 1895; re-en. Sec. 6500, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 9092, R.C.M. 1921; re-en. Sec. 9092, R.C.M. 1935; amd. Sec. 18, Ch. 265, L. 1977; R.C.M. 1947, 93-2830.