reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 36-36-58 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 4 - Annexation Pursuant to Resolution and Referendum|§ 36-36-58. Referendum for Ratification or Rejection of Annexation Resolution Generally; Procedure; Subsequent Annexation Attempt

 The municipal corporation shall issue a call for a referendum to ratify or reject the adoption of the annexation resolution. The referendum shall be held not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days after the date of the public hearing required by Code Section 36-36-57. The referendum shall be held, insofar as possible, under the procedures set forth in Chapter 2 of Title 21 for special elections. Only those persons registered to vote for members of the General Assembly residing, on the date of the adoption of the resolution, in the proposed area to be annexed shall vote in the referendum. If a majority of those voting vote in favor of annexation, the area shall become a part of the corporate limits of the municipality, but not otherwise. If a majority of those voting vote against the annexation, a period of two years must elapse before annexation of the same area or any portion thereof may be attempted again under authority of this article.    (Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 12; Code 1981, §36-36-48; Code 1981, §36-36-58, as redesignated by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3; Ga. L. 1998, p. 295, § 3.)   Cross references.   - Elections, T. 21, C. 2.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Authority to pass local Acts.    - Provisions of Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 1 et seq. (see now O.C.G.A. § 36-36-50 et seq.) do not take away legislative authority to pass local Acts annexing territory to municipal corporations. These sections provide an alternative method to the continuing power of the General Assembly to extend or diminish the corporate limits of a municipality. Ballentine v. Willingham, 237 Ga. 60, 226 S.E.2d 593, appeal dismissed, 429 U.S. 909, 97 S. Ct. 298, 50 L. Ed. 2d 276 (1976).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 62 C.J.S., Municipal Corporations, § 82 et seq. 82 C.J.S., Statutes, §§ 142, 143, 159.
GA Code § 36-36-59 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 4 - Annexation Pursuant to Resolution and Referendum|§ 36-36-59. Filing of Identification of Annexed Territory With Department of Community Affairs and County Governing Authority

 Whenever the limits of a municipal corporation are enlarged in accordance with this article, it shall be the duty of the clerk, city attorney, or other person designated by the governing authority of the municipal corporation to cause an identification of the annexed territory to be filed with the Department of Community Affairs and with the governing authority of the county in which the property is located in accordance with Code Section 36-36-3.    (Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 6; Code 1981, §36-36-49; Code 1981, §36-36-59, as redesignated by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3; Ga. L. 2000, p. 164, § 10.)   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1992, "is" was deleted following "territory".   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Authority to pass local Acts.    - Provisions of Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 1 et seq. (see now O.C.G.A. § 36-36-50 et seq.) do not take away legislative authority to pass local Acts annexing territory to municipal corporations. These sections provide an alternative method to the continuing power of the General Assembly to extend or diminish the corporate limits of a municipality. Ballentine v. Willingham, 237 Ga. 60, 226 S.E.2d 593, appeal dismissed, 429 U.S. 909, 97 S. Ct. 298, 50 L. Ed. 2d 276 (1976).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 62 C.J.S., Municipal Corporations, § 104 et seq.
GA Code § 36-36-60 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 4 - Annexation Pursuant to Resolution and Referendum|§ 36-36-60. Authorized Expenditures Relating to Annexation

 Any municipal corporation initiating annexations under this article is authorized to make expenditures for surveys required to describe the property under consideration or for any other purpose necessary to plan for the study and annexation of unincorporated territory adjacent to the municipal corporation. In addition, following final passage of the annexation ordinance, the annexing municipal corporation shall have authority to proceed with expenditures for construction of water and sewer lines and other capital facilities and for any other purpose calculated to bring services into the annexed area in an effective and expeditious manner prior to the effective date of annexation.    (Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 7; Code 1981, §36-36-50; Code 1981, §36-36-60, as redesignated by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3, effective July 1, 1992, renumbered former Code Section 36-36-50 as present Code Section 36-36-60.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Authority to pass local Acts.    - Provisions of Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 1 et seq. (see now O.C.G.A. § 36-36-50 et seq.) do not take away legislative authority to pass local Acts annexing territory to municipal corporations. These sections provide an alternative method to the continuing power of the General Assembly to extend or diminish the corporate limits of a municipality. Ballentine v. Willingham, 237 Ga. 60, 226 S.E.2d 593, appeal dismissed, 429 U.S. 909, 97 S. Ct. 298, 50 L. Ed. 2d 276 (1976).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 62 C.J.S., Municipal Corporations, § 104 et seq.
GA Code § 36-36-61 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 4 - Annexation Pursuant to Resolution and Referendum|§ 36-36-61. Restriction on Applicability of Article

 This article shall not apply to any territory which has been a part of a municipal corporation for three years immediately preceding July 1, 1970, and which has been or is in the process of being deannexed from the corporate limits of any such municipal corporation.    (Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 11; Code 1981, §36-36-51; Code 1981, §36-36-61, as redesignated by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3, effective July 1, 1992, renumbered former Code Section 36-36-51 as present Code Section 36-36-61.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Authority to pass local Acts.    - Provisions of Ga. L. 1970, p. 426, § 1 et seq. (see now O.C.G.A. § 36-36-50 et seq.) do not take away legislative authority to pass local Acts annexing territory to municipal corporations. These sections provide an alternative method to the continuing power of the General Assembly to extend or diminish the corporate limits of a municipality. Ballentine v. Willingham, 237 Ga. 60, 226 S.E.2d 593, appeal dismissed, 429 U.S. 909, 97 S. Ct. 298, 50 L. Ed. 2d 276 (1976).    Cited in City of Brookhaven v. City of Chamblee, 329 Ga. App. 346, 765 S.E.2d 33 (2014); City of Atlanta v. Mays, 301 Ga. 367, 801 S.E.2d 1 (2017).
GA Code § 36-36-70 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 5 - Limitation on Annexation of Areas Furnished Services or Included in Comprehensive Zoning Plan by Certain Counties|§ 36-36-70. Prohibition on Annexation of County Operated Airport Property by Certain Municipal Corporations Absent Approval of Airport's Governing Authority

 A municipality that contains more than 85 square miles within its corporate limits shall not annex any territory on which a public airport operated by a county is located unless the governing authority of such county adopts a resolution approving such annexation within 90 days prior to the governing authority of the municipality holding a vote on such annexation.    (Code 1981, §36-36-70, enacted by Ga. L. 2021, p. 673, § 1/HB 459.)   Editor's notes.   - This Code section became effective May 10, 2021.    Former Code Section36-36-70, pertaining to approval by governing authority in certain counties for annexation of areas furnished services or included in comprehensive zoning plan, was based on Ga. L. 1971, p. 4112, §§ 1, 2; Ga. L. 1980, p. 4357, § 1; Ga. L. 1981, p. 4237, § 1; Code 1981, § 36-36-70, enacted by Ga. L. 1982, p. 2107, § 39; Ga. L. 1989, p. 153, § 1; Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3; Ga. L. 2002, p. 1473, § 1, and repealed by Ga. L. 2004, p. 398, § 1, effective May 13, 2004.
GA Code § 36-36-90 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 6 - Annexation of Unincorporated Islands|§ 36-36-90. Definitions

 As used in this article, the term:    "Contiguous area" means any unincorporated area which, on or after January 1, 1999, had an aggregate external boundary directly abutting a municipal boundary. Any area shall be considered "contiguous" if the aggregate external boundary would directly abut the municipal boundary if not otherwise separated, in whole or in part, from the municipal boundary by lands owned by the municipal corporation, by lands owned by a county, or by lands owned by this state or by the definite width of:   Any street or street right of way;   Any creek or river; or   Any right of way of a railroad or other public service corporation.     "Municipal corporation" means a municipal corporation which has a population of 200 or more persons according to the United States decennial census of 1980 or any future such census.   "Unincorporated island" means:   An unincorporated area in existence on January 1, 1991, with its aggregate external boundaries abutting the annexing municipality;   An unincorporated area in existence as of January 1, 1991, with its aggregate external boundaries abutting any combination of the annexing municipality and one or more other municipalities; or   An unincorporated area in existence as of January 1, 1991, which the county governing authority has by resolution adopted not later than 90 days following July 1, 1992, that identifies any unincorporated area of the county to which the county has no reasonable means of physical access for the provision of services otherwise provided by the county governing authority solely to the unincorporated area of the county.       (Code 1981, §36-36-90, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3; Ga. L. 2000, p. 164, § 11.)
GA Code § 36-36-91 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 6 - Annexation of Unincorporated Islands|§ 36-36-91. Area Included in Determining Aggregate External Boundary

 For the purposes of determining the aggregate external boundary of an unincorporated area, all real property in the area to be annexed, which at the time the annexation procedures are initiated, (1) is unincorporated, and (2) is in the same county as the annexing municipal corporation, shall have its area included in determining the aggregate external boundary.    (Code 1981, §36-36-91, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2592, § 3.)
GA Code § 36-36-110 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-110. Applicability

 The procedures of this article shall apply to all annexations pursuant to this chapter but shall not apply to annexations by local Acts of the General Assembly.    (Code 1981, §36-36-110, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)
GA Code § 36-36-111 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-111. Notice of Annexation

 Upon receipt of a petition of annexation, a municipal corporation shall notify the governing authority of the county in which the territory to be annexed is located by certified mail or by statutory overnight delivery. Such notice shall include a copy of the annexation petition which shall include the proposed zoning and land use for such area. The municipal corporation shall take no final action on such annexation except as otherwise provided in this article.    (Code 1981, §36-36-111, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)
GA Code § 36-36-112 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-112. Prohibition on a Change in Zoning or Land Use

 If no objection is received as provided in Code Section 36-36-113, the annexation may proceed as otherwise provided by law; provided, however, that as a condition of the annexation the municipal corporation shall not change the zoning or land use plan relating to the annexed property to a more intense density than that stated in the notice provided for in Code Section 36-36-111 for one year after the effective date of the annexation unless such change is made in the service delivery agreement or comprehensive plan and is adopted by the affected city and county and all required parties.    (Code 1981, §36-36-112, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)
GA Code § 36-36-113 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-113. Objection to Annexation; Grounds and Procedures

  The county governing authority may by majority vote object to the annexation because of a material increase in burden upon the county directly related to any one or more of the following:   The proposed change in zoning or land use;   Proposed increase in density; and   Infrastructure demands related to the proposed change in zoning or land use.     Delivery of services may not be a basis for a valid objection but may be used in support of a valid objection if directly related to one or more of the subjects enumerated in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) of this Code section.   The objection provided for in subsection (a) of this Code section shall document the nature of the objection specifically providing evidence of any financial impact forming the basis of the objection and shall be delivered to the municipal governing authority by certified mail or statutory overnight delivery to be received not later than the end of the thirtieth calendar day following receipt of the notice provided for in Code Section 36-36-111.   In order for an objection pursuant to this Code section to be valid, the proposed change in zoning or land use must:   Result in:   A substantial change in the intensity of the allowable use of the property or a change to a significantly different allowable use; or   A use which significantly increases the net cost of infrastructure or significantly diminishes the value or useful life of a capital outlay project, as such term is defined in Code Section 48-8-110, which is furnished by the county to the area to be annexed; and     Differ substantially from the existing uses suggested for the property by the county's comprehensive land use plan or permitted for the property pursuant to the county's zoning ordinance or its land use ordinances.       (Code 1981, §36-36-113, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)
GA Code § 36-36-116 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-116. Appeal

 The municipal or county governing authority or an applicant for annexation may appeal the decision of the arbitration panel by filing an action in the superior court of the county within ten calendar days from receipt of the panel's findings and recommendations. The sole grounds for appeal shall be to correct errors of fact or of law, the bias or misconduct of an arbitrator, or the panel's abuse of discretion. The superior court shall schedule an expedited appeal and shall render a decision within 20 days from the date of filing. If the court finds that an error of fact or law has been made, that an arbitrator was biased or engaged in misconduct, or that the panel has abused its discretion, the court shall issue such orders governing the proposed annexation as the circumstances may require, including remand to the panel. Any unappealed order shall be binding upon the parties. The appeal shall be assigned to a judge who is not a judge in the circuit in which the county is located.    (Code 1981, §36-36-116, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)   Law reviews.   - For survey article on local government law, see 59 Mercer L. Rev. 285 (2007) and 60 Mercer L. Rev. 263 (2008).
GA Code § 36-36-117 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-117. Annexation After Conclusion of Procedures; Remedies for Violations of Conditions

 If the annexation is completed after final resolution of any objection, whether by agreement of the parties, act of the panel, or court order as a result of an appeal, the municipal corporation shall not change the zoning, land use, or density of the annexed property for a period of one year unless such change is made in the service delivery agreement or comprehensive plan and adopted by the affected city and county and all required parties. Following the conclusion of the dispute resolution process outlined in this article, the municipal corporation and an applicant for annexation may either accept the recommendations of the arbitration panel and proceed with the remaining annexation process or abandon the annexation proceeding. A violation of the conditions set forth in this Code section may be enforced thereafter at law or in equity until such conditions have expired as provided in this Code section.    (Code 1981, §36-36-117, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)
GA Code § 36-36-118 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-118. Abandonment of Proposed Annexation; Remedies for Violations of Conditions

 If at any time during the proceedings the municipal corporation or applicant abandons the proposed annexation, the county shall not change the zoning, land use, or density affecting the property for a period of one year unless such change is made in the service delivery agreement or comprehensive plan and adopted by the affected city and county and all required parties. A violation of the conditions set forth in this Code section may be enforced thereafter at law or in equity until such period has expired. After final resolution of any objection, whether by agreement of the parties, act of the panel, or any appeal from the panel's decision, the terms of such decision shall remain valid for the one-year period and such annexation may proceed at any time during the one year without any further action or without any further right of objection by the county.    (Code 1981, §36-36-118, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)
GA Code § 36-36-119 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 36 - Annexation of Territory|Article 7 - Procedure for Resolving Annexation Disputes|§ 36-36-119. Good Faith Negotiations; Written Agreement Governing Terms of Annexation

 The county, the municipal governing authorities, and the property owner or owners shall negotiate in good faith throughout the annexation proceedings provided by this article and may at any time enter into a written agreement governing the annexation. If such agreement is reached after the arbitration panel has been appointed and before its dissolution, such agreement shall be adopted by the panel as its findings and recommendations. If such agreement is reached after an appeal is filed in the superior court and before the court issues an order, such agreement shall be made a part of the court's order. Any agreement reached as provided in this Code section shall be recorded as provided in Code Section 36-36-115.    (Code 1981, §36-36-119, enacted by Ga. L. 2007, p. 292, § 2/HB 2.)   Law reviews.   - For survey article on local government law, see 59 Mercer L. Rev. 285 (2007) and 60 Mercer L. Rev. 263 (2008).
GA Code § 36-38-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 38 - Bonds|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-38-2. Sale of Municipal Bonds and Use of Proceeds for Retirement of Earlier Bonds

 Whenever a municipal corporation invests its sinking fund in bonds issued by itself, if such bonds mature at a date beyond the maturity of other bonds of such municipal corporation such later bonds may be sold by the municipal corporation or the sinking fund commission and the funds therefrom used to retire earlier municipal bonds as they mature.   (Ga. L. 1923, p. 123, § 3a; Code 1933, § 87-703; Ga. L. 1935, p. 417, § 2.)   Law reviews.   - For note discussing and comparing the prudent man rule and the legal list rule in trustee investment, see 15 Mercer L. Rev. 530 (1964).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 64A C.J.S., Municipal Corporations, §§ 2186, 2187.
GA Code § 36-38-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 38 - Bonds|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-38-3. Registration of Bonds in Which Municipal Funds Invested in Name of Municipal Corporation

 Whenever and as soon as the sinking fund of any municipal corporation has been invested in municipal, county, state, or federal government bonds as required by Code Section 36-38-1, the officer or officers of such municipal corporation charged with the custody of its funds and securities shall proceed forthwith to have the securities in which such funds are so invested registered in the name of the municipal corporation, provided such bonds by their terms under the conditions of their issue are capable of being registered in the name of the owner.   (Ga. L. 1910, p. 100, § 4; Code 1933, § 87-704.)
GA Code § 36-38-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 38 - Bonds|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-38-4. Registration of Bonds in Name of Owner

 Every issue of municipal bonds shall provide that at the owner's option the same may be registered in the owner's name, both as to principal and interest.   (Ga. L. 1910, p. 100, § 5; Code 1933, § 87-705.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 64A C.J.S., Municipal Corporations, § 2180.
GA Code § 36-38-20 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 38 - Bonds|Article 2 - Compromise of Bonded Debt|§ 36-38-20. Authority to Compromise Bonded Debt; Rights of Dissenting Creditors Not Prejudiced

 The authorities of any municipal corporation of this state are authorized to compromise their bonded debt, in accordance with this article, provided that this article shall not be construed to prejudice the rights of such creditors as may refuse to assent to the compromise.   (Ga. L. 1878-79, p. 85, § 1; Code 1882, § 508m(2); Civil Code 1895, § 758; Civil Code 1910, § 905; Code 1933, § 87-501.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 56 Am. Jur. 2d, Municipal Corporations, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions, §§ 707, 708.   C.J.S.   - 64A C.J.S., Municipal Corporations, § 2528 et seq.   ALR.    - Estoppel to deny validity of municipal bonds issued under an unconstitutional statute, 37 A.L.R. 1310.    Negotiability of municipal bonds as affected by reference to fund from which they are to be paid, 42 A.L.R. 1027.
GA Code § 36-38-21 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 38 - Bonds|Article 2 - Compromise of Bonded Debt|§ 36-38-21. Issuance of New Bonds for Outstanding Bonds

 Where there are outstanding bonds and coupons of any municipal corporation of this state, whether such bonds or coupons are due or to become due, the authorities may issue new bonds with coupons attached, to be exchanged and to stand in the place of such outstanding bonds and coupons, provided that the new bonds so issued shall not exceed in amount the previously existing total bonded debt, with interest thereon, of such municipal corporation.   (Ga. L. 1878-79, p. 85, § 2; Code 1882, § 508m(3); Civil Code 1895, § 759; Civil Code 1910, § 906; Code 1933, § 87-502.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   C.J.S.   - 64A C.J.S., Municipal Corporations, §§ 2186, 2187.   ALR.    - Estoppel to deny validity of municipal bonds issued under an unconstitutional statute, 37 A.L.R. 1310.