reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4132 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4132. Nature of security

A. The security required by Article 4131 shall be in the form of a bond, to be approved by the court, and secured by:  (1) A surety company authorized to do business in this state;  (2) Bonds of this state or of any political subdivision or any municipality thereof, or of the United States, or certificates of deposit in any bank, savings bank, or trust company chartered under the laws of Louisiana or National Banking Association domiciled in this state and insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or shares of any building or loan or homestead association domiciled in this state and insured by an agency of the United States, in an amount at par value equal at least to the amount of the security required; or  (3) No less than two personal sureties signing in solido who are residents of this state and who each have unencumbered property located in this state in an amount amply sufficient to secure the amount of the bonds notwithstanding the provisions of Civil Code Article 3042 or any other law to the contrary. B. Bonds or homestead shares or certificates of deposit of a bank posted as security shall be deposited for safekeeping with the clerk of court or in a bank or other recognized depository as directed by the court, and may not be withdrawn without an order of court. The form of the act under which such bonds or shares are given in security shall be substantially that of a bond, in which the principal binds himself and declares that instead of furnishing sureties, he deposits, as directed by the court, such bonds or shares to be subject to any claim the minor may have. C. Insured homestead shares or certificates of deposit of a bank may not be furnished as security in excess of the amount insured. D. The bond shall not be recorded in the mortgage records nor operate as a mortgage. Amended by Acts 1977, No. 192, §1, eff. July 5, 1977; Acts 1985, No. 136, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4133 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4133. Special mortgage instead of bond

A. Instead of the security required by Articles 4131 and 4132, the tutor may furnish a special mortgage in favor of the minor on immovable property otherwise unencumbered. The mortgage shall be for the same amount as the security required by Article 4131 and shall be approved by the court as provided in Article 4271. B. The costs occasioned by the furnishing of a special mortgage shall be borne by the tutor. C. The special mortgage shall include the date of birth of the minor. The failure to include the date of birth of the minor shall not invalidate the mortgage. Acts 2005, No. 62, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4134 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4134. Natural tutor; bond; recordation of certificate of inventory or detailed descriptive list

A. Except as provided in Article 4135, a natural tutor shall not be required to furnish bond, but shall record in the mortgage records of the parish of his domicile a certificate of the clerk setting forth the date of birth of the minor, the last four digits of the social security number of the tutor and the total value of the minor's property according to the inventory or detailed descriptive list filed in the tutorship proceeding. If the minor has no assets, then no certificate need be filed until he acquires assets. If the only asset is a contested claim, then no certificate need be filed until the claim is recovered, as provided in Article 4131(D). A certificate of the recorder of mortgages setting forth the recordation of the clerk's certificate shall be filed in the tutorship proceedings before the tutor is appointed or letters of tutorship are issued. B. Within thirty days after his appointment, the natural tutor shall cause the clerk's certificate to be recorded in the mortgage records of every other parish in the state in which he owns immovable property. C. The recordation operates as a legal mortgage for the amount of the certificate in favor of the minor on all the immovable property of the tutor situated within any parish where recorded. A certificate recorded in the amount of zero dollars shall not create a legal mortgage. If the certificate does not contain the information required by Paragraph A of this Article, it will not be effective against third parties. D. The legal mortgage shall prescribe four years after the minor reaches majority and shall be canceled from the mortgage record upon the request of any interested party. Acts 1983, No. 344, §1; Acts 2003, No. 728, §1; Acts 2004, No. 322, §1; Acts 2014, No. 189, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4135 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4135. Security instead of legal mortgage

Instead of the legal mortgage provided in Article 4134, a natural tutor may furnish bond in the amount provided by Article 4131 and of the nature provided by Article 4132, or a special mortgage as provided in Article 4133. If the court determines that the legal mortgage will not be sufficient protection for the minor, and that substantial loss to the minor may result unless a bond is furnished, the court may order that the natural tutor furnish a bond or a special mortgage instead of the legal mortgage.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4136 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4136. Substitution of one kind of security for another

Any tutor who desires to give bond or security and thus release from an existing general or special mortgage the whole or a portion of the property covered thereby may do so with the approval of the court as provided in Article 4271, provided the bond or security tendered fully protects the minor. Any of the securities enumerated in Articles 4132 and 4133 may be substituted at any time either in whole or in part for any other kind, at the option of the tutor, and with the approval of the court as provided in Article 4271, which shall enter the necessary orders to render the substitutions effective. If other security has been furnished instead of a general mortgage, the tutor may not revert to a general mortgage. When a bond or security is substituted only in part for the general or special mortgage, the amount thereof may be proportionately smaller based on the value of the property to be released from mortgage.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4137 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4137. Subordination of legal mortgage to conventional mortgage

The legal mortgage provided in Article 4134 may be subordinated to a conventional mortgage or other security to be given on the property of the tutor, provided such subordination is authorized by the court after proof that such would be to the best interest of the minor and provided the concurrence of the undertutor is first obtained. Added by Acts 1980, No. 389, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4171 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4171. Oath

Before the person appointed as tutor enters upon the performance of his official duties, he must take an oath to discharge faithfully the duties of his office. A natural tutor shall include in his oath a list of the parishes in which he owns immovable property.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4172 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4172. Issuance of letters

After the person appointed as tutor has qualified by furnishing the security required of him by law, and by taking his oath of office, the clerk shall issue to him letters of tutorship. These letters, issued in the name and under the seal of the court, evidence the appointment of the tutor, his qualification, and his compliance with all requirements of law relating thereto.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4201 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4201. Appointment; oath

At the time judgment is rendered appointing a tutor, the court shall also appoint a responsible person as undertutor. Before entering upon the performance of his official duties, the undertutor must take an oath to discharge faithfully the duties of his office.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4202 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4202. General duties of undertutor

The undertutor shall express his concurrence or nonconcurrence in action suggested by the tutor to the court, as set forth in Article 4271, and shall act for the minor whenever the minor's interest is opposed to that of the tutor.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4203 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4203. Compelling tutor to account

The undertutor shall apply to the court for an order compelling the tutor to file an account whenever the tutor has failed to file his annual account or at any other time when the circumstances indicate that an account should be filed.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4204 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4204. Security of tutor, undertutor's duty regarding sufficiency

The undertutor shall:  (1) Cause the natural tutor to record the legal mortgage in favor of the minor as provided in Article 4134;  (2) Require the tutor to furnish evidence that he has a valid and merchantable title to property offered as security under a special mortgage instead of bond and that the value of the property is at least equal to the amount of security required; otherwise the undertutor shall oppose the tutor's application to furnish a special mortgage; and  (3) Apply to the court for an order compelling the tutor to furnish additional security whenever the security has become insufficient for any reason.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4205 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4205. Vacancy in tutorship, duty of undertutor

The tutorship does not devolve upon the undertutor when it is vacant. If a vacancy occurs, the undertutor shall apply to the court for the appointment of a new tutor.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4206 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4206. Termination of duties

The undertutor is relieved of further duty and authority as undertutor when the minor reaches majority or is fully emancipated. However, his liability for acts prior thereto shall not be affected.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4231 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4231. Disqualification of tutor

A. No person may be appointed tutor who is: (1) Under eighteen years of age; (2) Interdicted, or who, on contradictory hearing, is proved to be mentally incompetent; (3) A convicted felon, under the laws of the United States or of any state or territory thereof; (4) Indebted to the minor, unless he discharges the debt prior to the appointment; (5) An adverse party to a suit to which the minor is a party; or (6) A person who, on contradictory hearing, is proved to be incapable of performing the duties of the office, or to be otherwise unfit for appointment because of his physical or mental condition or bad moral character. B. Except as provided in Paragraph C of this Article, the provisions of Subparagraphs (1), (3), (4), and (5) of Paragraph A do not apply to the parent of the minor. C. The provisions of Paragraph B of this Article shall not apply to a natural parent of the minor who is convicted of a felony involving theft of funds or misappropriation of funds, a crime of violence as defined in R.S. 14:2(B), a sex offense as defined in R.S. 15:542 or R.S. 46:1844, or any other crime against an individual under the age of eighteen years. Amended by Acts 1974, No. 573, §1; Acts 2001, No. 741, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4232 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4232. Revocation of appointment; extension of time to qualify

If a person who is not a parent of the minor is appointed tutor and fails to qualify for the office within ten days from his appointment, on its own motion or on motion of any interested person, the court may revoke the appointment and appoint another qualified person to the office forthwith. The delay allowed in this article for qualification may be extended by the court for good cause shown.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4233 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4233. Resignation of tutor

A tutor other than a parent of the minor may resign when authorized by the court under Article 4271:  (1) If subsequent to his appointment as tutor he has been invested with an office or engaged in a service or occupation which excuses him from the obligation of serving as tutor;  (2) If he has reached the age of seventy years;  (3) If because of infirmity he has become incapable of discharging the duties of his office; or  (4) For any other reason which the court in its discretion may deem sufficient. The resignation by a tutor shall become effective when a successor is appointed, as provided in Article 4237, and when his final account has been filed and homologated. Amended by Acts 1974, No. 163, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4234 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4234. Removal of tutor

The court may remove any tutor who is or has become disqualified; is a nonresident who has not appointed, or has left the state permanently without appointing, an agent to represent him as required by Article 4273; has become incapable of discharging the duties of his office; has mismanaged the minor's property; has failed to perform any duty imposed by law or by order of court; or if such removal would be in the best interests of the minor. The court on its own motion may order, and on motion of any interested party shall order the tutor to show cause why he should not be removed from office. If service of this order cannot be made on the tutor for any reason, the court shall appoint an attorney at law to represent him, on whom service shall be made and against whom the proceeding shall be conducted contradictorily. The removal of a tutor from office does not invalidate any of his official acts performed prior to his removal. Amended by Acts 1964, No. 4, §1; Acts 1976, No. 429, §3.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4235 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4235. Authority and liability of tutor after resignation or removal

A tutor who has resigned or has been removed shall have no further authority as such, and no further duty except as provided by Article 4392. However, his liability for acts prior to his resignation or removal shall not be affected thereby.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4236 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4236. Undertutor, grounds for disqualification, revocation, or removal

The grounds for disqualification, revocation, and removal provided in Articles 4231, 4232, and 4234, other than indebtedness to the minor, apply also to an undertutor. An undertutor may resign at any time with the approval of the court, but the resignation shall not be effective until a successor has been appointed and qualified.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4237 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4237. Appointment of successor tutor or undertutor

When a tutor or undertutor dies, is removed, or resigns, another tutor or undertutor shall be appointed in his place in the manner provided for an original appointment.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4238 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4238. Heirs of tutor; responsibility

Tutorship is a personal trust, which does not descend to the heirs of the tutor upon his death. However, the representative of the tutor's succession or the major heirs who have accepted his succession are responsible for the administration of the minor's property until another tutor has been appointed.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4261 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4261. Care of person of minor; expenses

The tutor shall have custody of and shall care for the person of the minor. He shall see that the minor is properly reared and educated in accordance with his station in life. The expenses for the support and education of the minor should not exceed the revenue from the minor's property. However, if the revenue is insufficient to support the minor properly or to procure him an education, with the approval of the court as provided in Article 4271, the tutor may expend the minor's capital for these purposes.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4262 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4262. Administration of minor's property

The tutor shall take possession of, preserve, and administer the minor's property. He shall enforce all obligations in favor of the minor and shall represent him in all civil matters. He shall act at all times as a prudent administrator, and shall be personally responsible for all damages resulting from his failure so to act. Natural cotutors shall be bound in solido except as to damages arising from the administration of all or a part of the minor's property by one of the cotutors individually pursuant to an order of the court or an agreement between the cotutors approved by the court. Amended by Acts 1981, No. 283, §2; Acts 1982, No. 307, §2, eff. Jan. 1, 1983.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4263 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4263. Contracts between tutor and minor

A tutor cannot in his personal capacity or as representative for any other person make any contracts with the minor. He cannot acquire any property of the minor, or interest therein, personally or by means of a third person, except as otherwise provided by law. Contracts prohibited by this article shall be null, and the tutor shall be liable to the minor for damages resulting therefrom.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4264 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4264. Tutor's administration in his own name; procedural rights

The tutor acts in his own name as tutor, and without the concurrence of the minor. The tutor may act through a mandatary or attorney in fact outside of the parish of his residence or as provided in Article 4273. In the performance of his duties, the tutor may exercise all procedural rights available to a litigant. Amended by Acts 1964, No. 4, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4265 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4265. Compromise and modification of obligations

With the approval of the court as provided in Article 4271, a tutor may compromise an action or right of action by or against the minor, or extend, renew, or in any manner modify the terms of an obligation owed by or to the minor.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4266 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4266. Continuation of business

The court may authorize a tutor to continue any business in which the minor has an interest, when it appears to the best interest of the minor, and after compliance with Article 4271. The order of court may contain such conditions, restrictions, regulations and requirements as the court may direct.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4267 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4267. Loans to tutor for specific purposes; authority to mortgage and pledge minor's property

When it appears to the best interest of the minor, and after compliance with Article 4271, the court may authorize a tutor to borrow money for the purpose of preserving or administering the property, of paying debts, for expenditures in the regular course of a business conducted in accordance with Article 4266, or for the care, maintenance, training, or education of the minor. As security for such a loan, the court may authorize the tutor to mortgage or pledge property of the minor upon such terms and conditions as it may direct. Before authorizing a loan, the court may require the tutor to furnish additional security in an amount fixed by the court.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4268 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4268. Lease of minor's property; mineral contracts

When it appears to the best interest of the minor, and after compliance with Article 4271, the court may authorize a tutor to grant a lease upon property of the minor. The term of the lease may extend beyond the anticipated duration of the tutorship. In addition to the requirements of Article 4271, the petition of the tutor shall set forth the terms and conditions of the proposed lease. This article applies to mineral leases. A tutor may execute such other contracts as are authorized by law affecting the whole or any part of the share of his ward in oil, gas, or other minerals, either discovered or undiscovered in the manner provided herein.  Amended by Acts 1974, No. 133, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4269 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4269. Investment and management of minor's property

In acquiring, investing, reinvesting, exchanging, retaining, selling, and managing property for the benefit of a minor, a tutor shall exercise the judgment and care, under the circumstances then prevailing, which men of prudence, discretion, and intelligence exercise in the management of their own affairs, not in regard to speculation but in regard to the permanent disposition of their funds, considering the probable income as well as the probable safety of their capital. Within the limitations of the foregoing standard, a tutor is authorized to acquire and retain every kind of property and every kind of investment, specifically including but not by way of limitation, bonds, debentures, and other corporate obligations, and stocks, preferred or common, and securities of any open-end or closed-end management type investment company or investment trust registered under 15 U.S.C. §§80a-1 through 80a-52, as from time to time amended, which men of prudence, discretion, and intelligence acquire or retain for their own account.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4269.1 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4269.1. Placement of minor's property in trust

At any time during his administration a tutor may apply to the court for authorization to place some or all of the minor's property in trust for administration, management and investment in accordance with the Louisiana Trust Code. The trust instrument shall name the minor as sole beneficiary of the trust, shall name a trustee, shall impose maximum spendthrift restraints, and shall be subject to termination at the option of the beneficiary upon attaining the age of majority or, should he fail to attain majority, at the option of his heirs or legatees. The court may, upon application, make such changes in the trust instrument as may be advisable. Upon creation of the trust, the tutor shall be entitled to no further commissions with respect to the trust property. Added by Acts 1980, No. 276, §1.
LA Code Civ Pro art. 4270 (2021)
2021 Louisiana Laws|Code of Civil Procedure|Art. 4270. Procedure for investing, reinvesting, or withdrawing funds; checking account on behalf of minor

A. An investment, reinvestment, or withdrawal of funds of a minor may be made only with the approval of the court after compliance with Article 4271. B. Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph A, the court may authorize a tutor to open and maintain a checking account in the name of the "tutor on behalf of the minor" and to write checks on the account for necessary expenses of the minor without the necessity of obtaining prior approval from the court. However, such approval is necessary in order to transfer funds into the checking account, the total of which transfers shall not exceed five thousand dollars a year, except for good cause shown. All sums deposited into the checking account and all checks written on the account shall be reflected in the annual accounting in accordance with Article 4391 et seq. C. The provisions of this Article do not create an affirmative duty on any financial institution to open, monitor, regulate, or close any account in the name of the tutor on behalf of the minor and any act by the tutor with respect to such account is a full release and discharge of the financial institution for any cause of action alleging a violation of a provision of this Chapter or any other duty of a tutor. Acts 1995, No. 122, §1; Acts 1995, No. 1143, §1.