reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 6-2-37 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions.|Article 2 - Time Provisions.|Section 6-2-37 - Commencement of Actions - Three Years.

Section 6-2-37Commencement of actions - Three years. The following must be commenced within three years: (1) Actions to recover money due by open or unliquidated account, the time to be computed from the date of the last item of the account or from the time when, by contract or usage, the account is due; and (2) Proceedings in any court of this state to disbar any attorney authorized to practice law in this state. (Code 1852, §2480; Code 1867, §2904; Code 1876, §3229; Code 1886, §2618; Code 1896, §2799; Code 1907, §4838; Acts 1915, No. 814, p. 928; Code 1923, §8947; Code 1940, T. 7, §24.)
AL Code § 6-2-40 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions.|Article 2 - Time Provisions.|Section 6-2-40 - Commencement of Actions - Six Months.

Section 6-2-40Commencement of actions - Six months. No action shall be commenced to test the validity of any election held by any municipality of this state for the purpose of issuing bonds or levying taxes, nor to attack the issuance of bonds pursuant to such election, unless commenced within six months from the date of declaring the result of said election. (Acts 1919, No. 54, p. 57; Code 1923, §8950; Code 1940, T. 7, §27.)
AL Code § 6-2-41 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 2 - Limitation of Actions.|Article 2 - Time Provisions.|Section 6-2-41 - Limitations on Claims to Charge Real Estate With Debts and Obligations of Decedent.

Section 6-2-41Limitations on claims to charge real estate with debts and obligations of decedent. (a) The real estate of persons dying testate or intestate shall, as against the rights of mortgagees or purchasers for value from the heirs or devisees, be forever discharged from the payment of all legal and equitable debts and obligations unless the persons, including minors and insane persons, owning such debts or benefited by said obligations shall within the time allowed by law, but in no event more than two years from the death of the deceased, file in the probate court of the county where said property is located a verified claim showing the nature and amount of said debts and obligations. (b) Wherever there has been no executor or administrator appointed, then the person owning said debt or benefited by said obligation must, within three months after filing said claim, cause letters testamentary or of administration to be issued and proceed to subject said land to said debts or obligations. (c) This section shall not apply to any lien which is expressly created or reserved in any conveyance which may be duly recorded in the probate court or probate office in the county in which the land is situated so as to give notice of said conveyance, nor to any judgments recorded as authorized. (Acts 1915, No. 487, p. 547; Code 1923, §§8953, 8954; Code 1940, T. 7, §§51, 52.)
AL Code § 6-3-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-1 - Agreements Contrary to Article Void.

Section 6-3-1Agreements contrary to article void. Any agreement or stipulation, verbal or written, whereby the venue prescribed in this article is proposed to be altered or changed so that actions may be commenced contrary to the provisions of this article, is void. (Code 1852, §2164; Code 1867, §2562; Code 1876, §2928; Code 1886, §2640; Code 1896, §4205; Code 1907, §6110; Acts 1923, No. 74, p. 53; Code 1923, §10467; Code 1940, T. 7, §54.)
AL Code § 6-3-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-2 - Venue of Actions - Against Individuals.

Section 6-3-2Venue of actions - Against individuals. (a) In proceedings of a legal nature against individuals: (1) All actions for the recovery of land, of the possession thereof, or for a trespass thereto must be commenced in the county where the land or a material part thereof lies. (2) All actions on contracts, except as may be otherwise provided, must be commenced in the county in which the defendant or one of the defendants resides if such defendant has within the state a permanent residence. (3) All other personal actions, if the defendant or one of the defendants has within the state a permanent residence, may be commenced in the county of such residence or in the county in which the act or omission complained of may have been done or may have occurred. (b) In proceedings of an equitable nature against individuals: (1) All actions where real estate is the subject matter of the action, whether it is the exclusive subject matter of the action or not, must be commenced in the county where the same or a material portion thereof is situated. (2) If the action is to enjoin proceedings on judgments in other courts, it may be commenced in the county in which such proceedings are pending or judgment entered. (3) Except as may be otherwise provided, actions must be commenced in the county in which the defendant or a material defendant resides. (4) In the case of nonresidents, actions must be commenced in the county where the subject of the action or any portion of the same was when the claim arose or the act on which the action is founded was to be performed. (Code 1852, §§2164, 2875; Code 1867, §§2562, 3760; Code 1876, §§2928, 3760; Code 1886, §§2640, 3421; Code 1896, §§676, 4205; Code 1907, §§3093, 6110; Acts 1923, No. 74, p. 53; Code 1923, §§6524, 10467; Code 1940, T. 7, §§54, 294.)
AL Code § 6-3-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-3 - Venue of Actions - Work or Labor Done or Breaches of Easement or Right-of-Way Contracts.

Section 6-3-3Venue of actions - Work or labor done or breaches of easement or right-of-way contracts. In all actions for work and labor done or breaches of contracts or covenants as to easements or rights-of-way, the action may be commenced in the county in which the work was done or in which the land is situated as to which the easement or right-of-way was granted. (Code 1923, §10468; Code 1940, T. 7, §55.)
AL Code § 6-3-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-4 - Venue of Actions - Against Unincorporated Groups Issuing Insurance Policies.

Section 6-3-4Venue of actions - Against unincorporated groups issuing insurance policies. All unincorporated organizations or associations of every kind that issue policies or certificates of insurance of any kind to their members shall be subject to a civil action in any county where they do business or issue such policies or certificates, and the summons may be executed upon them by serving a copy of the summons and complaint upon any officer of such organization or association. (Acts 1909, No. 142, p. 279; Code 1923, §10469; Code 1940, T. 7, §56.)
AL Code § 6-3-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-5 - Venue of Actions - Insurance Policies.

Section 6-3-5Venue of actions - Insurance policies. Repealed by Act 99-249, §2, effective July 24, 1999. (Acts 1955, No. 366, p. 886.)
AL Code § 6-3-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-6 - Venue of Actions - Against Unincorporated Organization or Association.

Section 6-3-6Venue of actions - Against unincorporated organization or association. Action against an unincorporated organization or association may be commenced in any county where such organization or association does business or has in existence a branch or local organization. (Acts 1921, Ex. Sess., No. 13, p. 14; Code 1923, §5726; Code 1940, T. 7, §57.)
AL Code § 6-3-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-8 - Venue of Actions - Breach of Official Bond.

Section 6-3-8Venue of actions - Breach of official bond. (a) At the election of the Attorney General, all actions of summary proceedings by or for the use of the state founded on breach of the official bond of a state officer or a former state officer, of a tax collector or former tax collector, of a judge of probate or former judge of probate, of a tax assessor or former tax assessor, or clerk of the circuit court or former clerk of the circuit court may be commenced in the circuit court of Montgomery County or in a court of the county in which any one of the obligors in such bond may reside. (b) An action on the official bond executed by a sheriff or any deputy sheriff may be commenced only in the county of residence of the principal or in the county in which he resided at the time of the execution of the same; provided, that if the act complained of was committed in some county other than the county in which he resided, then such action may be commenced in the county where such act was committed. (Code 1876, §2830; Code 1886, §2643; Code 1896, §4208; Code 1907, §6113; Code 1923, §10472; Code 1940, T. 7, §§61, 61(1); Acts 1969, Ex. Sess., No. 203, p. 272.)
AL Code § 6-3-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-9 - Venue of Actions - Where Prison System Involved.

Section 6-3-9Venue of actions - Where prison system involved. All actions where the prison system or the state on account of the prison system is interested must be commenced in Montgomery County in any court having jurisdiction of the amount involved, except actions to condemn property under Section 18-1A-271, which must be commenced in the county where the property sought to be condemned is located. And if, on the trial of any case in any county, it is suggested by the Board of Corrections or is otherwise shown that the state is interested on account of the prison system, such case must be transferred to the proper court of Montgomery County. All actions commenced under this section must be commenced in the name of the state. (Code 1886, §4650; Code 1896, §4518; Code 1907, §6570; Code 1923, §10473; Code 1940, T. 7, §62.)
AL Code § 6-3-10 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-10 - Local Laws in Counties Having Two Courthouses Unaffected.

Section 6-3-10Local laws in counties having two courthouses unaffected. In all counties having two courthouses, the provisions of this chapter shall not affect any local laws relating to venue in force at the adoption of this Code. (Code 1923, §10475; Code 1940, T. 7, §64.)
AL Code § 6-3-11 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-3-11 - Venue of Actions - Against Counties or Municipalities.

Section 6-3-11Venue of actions - Against counties or municipalities. The venue for all civil actions for damages for personal injury, death, or property damage filed against a county or against a municipality shall be in the county or in the county within which the municipality is located or in the county in which the act or omission complained of occurred. (Acts 1987, No. 87-391, p. 560.)
AL Code § 6-3-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 2 - Change and Transfer.|Section 6-3-20 - One Change for Cause Permitted on Motion of a Party.

Section 6-3-20One change for cause permitted on motion of a party. Either party to a civil action may move the court to change the venue at any time before final trial, making affidavit that for causes set forth, he cannot have a fair and impartial trial in the county where the action is pending. The court may direct a change to the nearest county free from proper objection by either party, to be determined by affidavits and, whenever it will best secure the ends of justice, it may require the applicant to give bond and security for costs. The same party can have the venue changed but once. (Code 1852, §2359; Code 1867, r§2761; Code 1876, §3114; Code 1886, §2645; Code 1896, §4210; Code 1907, §6116; Code 1923, §10476; Code 1940, T. 7, §65.)
AL Code § 6-3-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 2 - Change and Transfer.|Section 6-3-21 - Transfer of Venue.

Section 6-3-21Transfer of venue. A defendant in a civil action may move for a transfer of venue as provided in the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure.
AL Code § 6-3-21.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 2 - Change and Transfer.|Section 6-3-21.1 - Change or Transfer of Venue for Convenience of Parties and Witnesses or in Interest of Justice.

Section 6-3-21.1Change or transfer of venue for convenience of parties and witnesses or in interest of justice. (a) With respect to civil actions filed in an appropriate venue, any court of general jurisdiction shall, for the convenience of parties and witnesses, or in the interest of justice, transfer any civil action or any claim in any civil action to any court of general jurisdiction in which the action might have been properly filed and the case shall proceed as though originally filed therein. Provided, however, this section shall not apply to cases subject to Section 30-3-5. (b) The right of a party to move for a change or transfer of venue pursuant to this statute is cumulative and in addition to the rights of a party to move for a change or transfer of venue pursuant to Section 6-3-20, Section 6-3-21, or Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure. (Acts 1987, No. 87-181, p. 242, §1.)
AL Code § 6-3-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 3 - Venue.|Article 2 - Change and Transfer.|Section 6-3-22 - Certification and Delivery of Docket Sheet and Other Papers Upon Change or Transfer; Notice of Change or Transfer; Time for Answer.

Section 6-3-22Certification and delivery of docket sheet and other papers upon change or transfer; notice of change or transfer; time for answer. When a change or transfer of venue has been ordered pursuant to Section 6-3-20 or Section 6-3-21, the clerk of the court shall make a copy of the docket sheet in the action and shall certify under the seal of the court that the same is a true copy. The clerk shall envelope and securely seal the copy of the docket sheet, together with the orders, pleadings, motions, or other papers in the action, shall write his name across the seal and shall certify on the back of the envelope that the enclosed papers, numbered from 1 - __, include all the orders, pleadings, motions, or other papers in the action, naming it; and such signatures and certificates must be received as true until the contrary is shown. The clerk may deliver this package in person or send it by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the clerk of the court to which such action has been changed or transferred, and, if not mutilated or defaced, it must be presumed to be as it came from the hands of the clerk of the court from which the action is changed or transferred. The clerk of the court to which such action has been changed or transferred shall cause notice of such change or transfer to be served on all parties of record as provided in the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure. The time for answer by any defending party shall be governed by and shall be computed in accordance with the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure; except, that said time period shall commence to run from the service of notice of change or transfer. (Code 1852, §2363; Code 1867, §2766; Code 1876, §3116; Code 1886, §2647; Code 1896, §4212; Code 1907, §6118; Code 1923, §10478; Code 1940, T. 7, §§64(2), 68; Acts 1961, Ex. Sess., No. 76, p. 1953, §2; Acts 1967, No. 593, p. 1379.)
AL Code § 6-4-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 4 - Process.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-4-1 - Time for Execution and Return.

Section 6-4-1Time for execution and return. All original and mesne process, notices, citations and motions or actions in the nature of scire facias shall be executed instanter and, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be returned immediately upon the execution thereof by the officer executing the same; and all executions and venditioni exponas issuing from a court shall be made returnable 90 days after the issue thereof. (Code 1923, §9444; Code 1940, T. 7, §344.)
AL Code § 6-4-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 4 - Process.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-4-2 - Execution - Adjoining County or Any Part of State.

Section 6-4-2Execution - Adjoining county or any part of state. When the summons, subpoena, or other process issues to the sheriff of the county in which the defendant or person against whom the subpoena or other process is directed resides, he may execute it in an adjoining county if such parties are there found, or he may pursue them and execute it in any part of the state. (Code 1852, §2173; Code 1867, §2572; Code 1876, §2936; Code 1886, §2658; Code 1896, §3279; Code 1907, §5315; Code 1923, §9440; Code 1940, T. 7, §342.)
AL Code § 6-4-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 4 - Process.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-4-3 - Execution - Coroner or Special Coroner.

Section 6-4-3Execution - Coroner or special coroner. (a) When the office of sheriff is vacant and until his successor is qualified, when the sheriff is imprisoned or in cases in which the sheriff is a party, is interested or otherwise is incompetent to act, the summons must be directed to and executed by the coroner if such interest or cause appears on the face of the proceedings; and if such interest or cause does not appear on the face of the proceedings, the coroner must execute the summons, though directed to the sheriff, if the judge of probate, on proper showing by affidavit, directs the execution thereof by the coroner. (b) When, in such cases, the coroner has not qualified or the office is vacant or when the coroner is absent from the county having no deputy therein, when the coroner is imprisoned or when he is a party to or interested in the action, the summons must be directed to and executed by a special coroner, to be appointed by the judge of probate. (Code 1852, §2171; Code 1867, §2570; Code 1876, §2938; Code 1886, §2660; Code 1896, §3281; Code 1907, §5317; Code 1923, §9442; Code 1940, T. 7, §343.)
AL Code § 6-4-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 4 - Process.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 6-4-4 - Commencement of Action on Sunday.

Section 6-4-4Commencement of action on Sunday. Whenever the plaintiff shall make an affidavit that he is informed and believes that the defendant is about to abscond or to remove out of the state, or is about to secrete himself so that service cannot be had upon him on the following day, he shall be allowed to file his complaint in any of the courts of this state on Sunday. Upon the filing thereof, a summons shall immediately issue and be served by the sheriff upon the defendant on the same day of its issuance, and if he cannot be found on that day, then it shall be served as any other summons and complaint. (Code 1907, §5298; Code 1923, §9416; Code 1940, T. 7, §346.)
AL Code § 6-4-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 4 - Process.|Article 2 - Service.|Section 6-4-20 - Method Generally.

Section 6-4-20Method generally. Service of process, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be made as provided in the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure. (Code 1923, §9451; Code 1940, T. 7, §209; Acts 1977, No. 669, p. 1143.)
AL Code § 6-4-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 4 - Process.|Article 2 - Service.|Section 6-4-21 - Where No Other Provision for Service of Nonresident Minors or Insane Persons.

Section 6-4-21Where no other provision for service of nonresident minors or insane persons. Should there be no other provision by law or rule for service upon nonresident minors or insane persons and proof is made before the clerk, register, or judge of the court in which the proceeding is pending, he may direct in writing the mode of service or may appoint in writing a guardian ad litem for such person without service. (Code 1923, §9449; Code 1940, T. 7, §339.)
AL Code § 6-4-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 4 - Process.|Article 2 - Service.|Section 6-4-22 - Deposit of Money for Postage and Registration.

Section 6-4-22Deposit of money for postage and registration. In all cases where service is to be made by publication or registered or certified mail, a sufficient sum of money must be deposited in advance with the clerk or judge to cover the expenses of such publication or the postage and registration fee, as the case may be. (Code 1923, §9454; Code 1940, T. 7, §211.)
AL Code § 6-5-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 1 - Actions by the State.|Section 6-5-1 - Right to Commence Actions - Generally.

Section 6-5-1Right to commence actions - Generally. (a) The state may commence an action in its own name and is entitled to all remedies provided for the enforcement of rights between individuals without giving bond or security or causing an affidavit to be made, though the same may be required as if the action were between private citizens. (b) The district attorney of the circuit in which an action by the state is pending must attend to the same on the part of the state, and the Governor of the state may employ assistant counsel if he deems it necessary. The written direction of the Governor to the attorney of record is sufficient authority for commencing such an action, and the trial judge may determine the amount of compensation. If unsuccessful, the state is liable for costs as individual parties are. (c) Actions commenced by the state are to be governed by the same rules as in actions between individuals. (Code 1852, §2137; Code 1867, §§2533, 3323; Code 1876, §§2902, 3755; Code 1886, §§2573, 3416; Code 1896, §§12, 671; Code 1907, §§2440, 3087; Code 1923, §§5644, 6518; Code 1940, T. 7, §§72, 292.)
AL Code § 6-5-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 1 - Actions by the State.|Section 6-5-2 - Right to Commence Actions - in Foreign Jurisdictions.

Section 6-5-2Right to commence actions - In foreign jurisdictions. The Governor may, whenever the interests of the state may require, order and direct actions to be commenced in the name of the state in any foreign jurisdiction for the recovery of any moneys due or owing to the state or upon any claim or demand on which the state is entitled to commence an action; and, for the prosecution of such actions, he may employ counsel and may, for such sum as is necessary to pay the costs or expenses thereof, order the Comptroller to draw a warrant on the Treasury. (Code 1886, §79; Code 1896, §3762; Code 1907, §2450; Code 1923, §5654; Code 1940, T. 7, §80.)
AL Code § 6-5-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 6 - Civil Practice.|Chapter 5 - Actions.|Article 1 - Actions by the State.|Section 6-5-3 - Right to Commence Actions - by Successor of Public Officer.

Section 6-5-3Right to commence actions - By successor of public officer. When any public officer shall die or in any way go out of office, all actions which shall or would have accrued to him in his official capacity may be commenced by his successor. (Code 1923, §5656; Code 1940, T. 7, §82.)