reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 156b § 6 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 6 - State Secretary; Duties

Section 6. The state secretary shall examine each document submitted to him under the provisions of this chapter. If he finds that the provisions of law relative thereto have been complied with, he shall endorse his approval thereon; and upon such approval and payment of the fee provided in section one hundred and fourteen such document shall be deemed to be filed with the state secretary. The state secretary shall keep a record, conveniently indexed, of each such document, of his endorsement of approval, if given, of the date of submission, and of the date on which such document is filed, and shall keep such documents on file in his office in a manner convenient for public inspection. He shall cause a photographic or other copy to be made of articles of organization and amendments thereof so filed showing his approval endorsed thereon, and shall deliver the same to the corporation.  The state secretary shall report to the attorney general instances of neglect or omission on the part of corporations to comply with the provisions of law so that the attorney general may enforce the penalties therefor.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 6a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 6a - Correction of Inaccurate Corporate Records; Filing

Section 6A. Whenever any document authorized or required to be filed with the state secretary under any provision of this chapter has been so filed and is an inaccurate record of the corporate action therein referred to, or was defectively or erroneously executed, such instrument may be corrected by filing with the state secretary a certificate of correction of such document which shall be executed and filed in accordance with this section. The certificate of correction shall specify the inaccuracy or defect to be corrected and shall set forth that portion of the document in corrected form. The corrected document shall be effective as of the date the original document was filed, except as to those persons who are substantially and adversely affected by the correction and as to those persons the corrected instrument shall be effective from the filing date.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 7 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 7 - Change of Law; Effect

Section 7. All corporations shall be subject to such laws as may be enacted affecting or altering their corporate rights or duties or dissolving them.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 8 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 8 - Voting by Stockholders; Effect of Articles of Organization or By-Laws

Section 8. (a) Whenever, with respect to any action to be taken by the stockholders of a corporation, the articles of organization or by-laws require the vote or concurrence of the holders of all of the shares, or of any class or series thereof, or a greater proportion thereof than required by this chapter with respect to such action, the provisions of the articles of organization or by-laws shall control.  (b) Whenever, with respect to any action to be taken by the stockholders of a corporation as to which a vote of each class of stock outstanding and entitled to vote thereon is required by this chapter, the articles of organization or by-laws provide that two or more classes of stock shall vote as a single class, the provisions of the articles of organization or by-laws shall control, provided, however, that no such provision shall deprive any class or series of stock whose rights would be adversely affected by such action of any right to a separate vote which such class or series may have under section seventy-one or section seventy-four.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 9a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 9a - Partnership

Section 9A. If and to the extent authorized by its articles of organization, a corporation may be a partner in any business enterprise which said corporation would have power to conduct by itself.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 9b (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 9b - Contracts of Guarantee and Suretyship

Section 9B. A corporation may make contracts of guarantee and suretyship, whether or not in furtherance of the contracting corporation's purposes; provided, however, that such contracts are necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business of (a) a corporation all of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the contracting corporation, (b) a corporation which owns, directly or indirectly, all of the outstanding stock of the contracting corporation, or (c) a corporation all of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a corporation which owns, directly or indirectly, all of the outstanding stock of the contracting corporation; provided, however, that the board of directors of the contracting corporation has determined that such contracts are necessary or convenient to the conduct, promotion or attainment of the business of the contracting corporation.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 10 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 10 - Unauthorized Exercise of Franchise or Privilege or Transaction of Business; Injunction

Section 10. Upon an information in equity by the attorney general at the relation of the state secretary, the supreme judicial or superior court may restrain by injunction any corporation from assuming or exercising any franchise or privilege or transacting any kind of business not authorized by its articles of organization and the laws of the commonwealth.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 12 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 12 - First Meeting; By-Laws; Officers; Consent to Action; Articles of Organization

Section 12. One or more persons, of the age of eighteen years or more in the case of natural persons, may act as incorporators of a corporation to be formed under this chapter. Such incorporators shall hold a meeting at which by-laws shall be adopted, and the initial directors, a president, treasurer and clerk elected. At such meeting the incorporators may also elect or appoint any other officers and a resident agent as provided in section forty-nine and take any other action which might be taken by stockholders after the articles of organization have become effective.  Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the incorporators may be taken without a meeting if all the incorporators consent to the action in writing and the written consents are filed with the records of the corporation. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote at a meeting.  Articles of organization signed under the penalties of perjury by all of the incorporators shall be submitted to the state secretary. The articles of organization shall become effective when they are filed in accordance with section six, unless the articles of organization specify a later effective date not more than thirty days after the date of such filing, in which event the articles of organization shall become effective on such later date. The existence of the corporation shall begin when the articles of organization become effective. A certified statement of the fact of incorporation by the state secretary shall be conclusive evidence of incorporation.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 13 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 13 - Articles of Organization; Contents

Section 13. (a) The articles of organization shall state:  (1) that the incorporators (stating their names, including their given names, and post office addresses) associate themselves with the intention of forming a corporation;  (2) the name of the corporation;  (3) the purposes for which the corporation is formed;  (4) the total number of shares and the par value, if any, of each class of stock which the corporation is authorized to issue;  (5) if more than one class of stock is authorized, a distinguishing designation for each class and, prior to the issuance of any shares of a class, if shares of any other class are outstanding, a description of the preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special or relative rights or privileges of that class and of each other class of which shares are outstanding, and of each series then established within any class.  (b) The articles of organization, in addition, may state:  (1) any restrictions imposed upon the transfer of shares of stock of any class;  (1.5) a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director notwithstanding any provision of law imposing such liability; provided, however, that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under section sixty-one or sixty-two, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit; and  (2) any other lawful provisions for the conduct and regulation of the business and affairs of the corporation, for its voluntary dissolution, or for limiting, defining or regulating the powers of the corporation, or of its directors or stockholders, or of any class of stockholders.  No provision adopted pursuant to clause (1.5) shall eliminate or limit the liability of a director for any act or omission occurring prior to the date upon which such provision becomes effective.  (c) The form on which articles of organization are filed shall also contain the following information which shall not for any purpose be treated as a permanent part of said articles:  (1) the street address of the initial principal office of the corporation in the commonwealth;  (2) the name, residence and post-office address of each of the initial directors and the president, treasurer and clerk of the corporation;  (3) the fiscal year of the corporation initially adopted;  [There is no clause (4).]  (5) the name and business address of the resident agent, if any, of the corporation.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 14 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 14 - Change of Principal Office

Section 14. The directors of a corporation may at any time, and from time to time, change the principal office of the corporation in the commonwealth; provided, however, that no such change shall be effective until a certificate of such change specifying the street address of its new principal office in the commonwealth signed under penalties of perjury by the clerk or assistant clerk of the corporation, or an annual report specifying the street address of its new principal office in the commonwealth, has been filed with the state secretary.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 15 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 15 - Limitation on Stock Holdings in Certain Other Corporations

Section 15. No corporation, unless authorized by a special act still in force, shall purchase, acquire, take or hold, directly or indirectly, more than ten per cent of the total capital stock of any domestic corporation authorized to carry on within the commonwealth the business of a railroad, street railway, electric railroad, elevated railway, trolleymotor, or gas company; provided, that the foregoing provisions shall not prohibit a corporation having its principal place of business in the commonwealth from purchasing, acquiring, taking or holding more than ten per cent of the capital stock of a domestic corporation carrying on within the commonwealth the business of a gas company.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 16 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 16 - Scope of By-Laws

Section 16. A corporation may make by-laws which may contain any provisions not inconsistent with law or the articles of organization for the regulation and management of the affairs of the corporation. Whenever any section of this chapter refers to the by-laws, a provision included in the articles of organization shall be treated, for the purposes of such section, as if it had been included in the by-laws.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 17 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 17 - Power to Make, Amend and Repeal By-Laws

Section 17. The power to make, amend or repeal by-laws shall be in the stockholders; provided that if authorized by the articles of organization, the by-laws may provide that the directors may also make, amend or repeal the by-laws in whole or in part, except with respect to any provision thereof which by law, the articles of organization or the by-laws requires action by the stockholders. Not later than the time of giving notice of the meeting of stockholders next following the making, amending or repealing by the directors of any by-law, notice thereof stating the substance of such change shall be given to all stockholders entitled to vote on amending the by-laws. Any by-law adopted by the directors may be amended or repealed by the stockholders.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 18 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 18 - Consideration for Issuance of Stock

Section 18. Capital stock may be issued for cash, tangible or intangible property, services, or for a debt, note or expenses. Stock having par value shall not be issued for cash, property, services or expenses worth less than the par value. For the purpose of the second sentence, a debt or note of the purchaser secured or unsecured shall not be considered property.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 19 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 19 - Payment for Stock; Cash or Instalments; Record; Transfer

Section 19. Stock issued for cash may be paid for in full before it is issued or by instalments. If it is paid for by instalments and the shares are certificated, the stock certificate shall be legibly stamped with the words ''per cent paid up, balance payable, stating the manner and time of payment, and shares subject to forfeiture if unpaid,'' the facts being truly stated; and, as each instalment is paid, the certificate shall be stamped accordingly. If it is paid for by instalments, and the shares are uncertificated, the same words shall appear on the initial transaction statement issued with respect to the shares pursuant to Article 8 of chapter one hundred and six, the facts being duly stated; and, as each instalment is paid, a periodic statement shall be issued pursuant to said Article 8 reflecting the payment.  Except as provided in section twenty-five, stock shall not be transferred on the books of a corporation if any instalments thereon remain overdue and unpaid.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 20 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 20 - Pre-Emptive Rights

Section 20. No stockholder shall have any pre-emptive right to acquire stock of the corporation except to the extent provided in the articles of organization or in a by-law adopted by and subject to amendment only by the stockholders.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 21 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 21 - Unissued Shares; Authority to Issue; Consideration

Section 21. Any unissued capital stock from time to time authorized under the articles of organization may be issued by vote of the stockholders, or by vote of the directors under authority of a provision of the by-laws or a vote of the stockholders, which provision or vote may be adopted before or after the stock is authorized. No stock shall be issued unless the cash, so far as due, or the property, services or expenses for which it was authorized to be issued, has been actually received or incurred by, or conveyed or rendered to, the corporation, or is in its possession as surplus.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 21a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 21a - Reacquired Shares; Restoration to Unissued Share Status

Section 21A. Shares of stock previously issued which have been reacquired by the corporation, may, unless the articles of organization or by-laws otherwise require, be restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares by vote of the stockholders or by vote of the board of directors, without amendment of the articles of organization.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 22 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 22 - Terms of Payment; Demand; Notice of Payment Due

Section 22. In the case of capital stock authorized to be issued for cash, whether or not to be paid in full before issue, the directors may require payment in such proportions and at such times and places as they deem proper, by making demand therefor according to the by-laws, or, in the absence of such by-law, by notice mailed to each subscriber or stockholder at least seven days before his subscription or any portion thereof, or any instalment due upon stock already issued, is payable.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 23 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 23 - Stockholders' Liability for Issued Stock

Section 23. Shares of stock issued in accordance with section twenty-one shall, except for unpaid instalments on instalment stock issued pursuant to section nineteen, be fully paid stock and not liable to any further call or assessment thereon.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 24 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 24 - Default of Subscriber; Sale; Deficiency or Surplus; Action; Forfeiture

Section 24. If capital stock issued for cash is to be paid for in full before it is issued, and the subscriber refuses or neglects to pay the amount demanded for thirty days after the time limited for payment in the demand made under section twenty-two, his rights of subscription may be sold by public auction by the treasurer of the corporation, who, out of the proceeds of such sale, shall pay to the corporation the amount then due from such subscriber with interest and incidental charges, first giving notice by mail to such subscriber, not less than ten days prior to such sale, of the time and place appointed therefor and of the amount due and payable by him. Upon the sale of such rights as aforesaid, the directors shall give the purchaser a certificate thereof. If the rights of such subscriber do not sell for an amount sufficient to pay the amount due from him with interest and charges of sale he shall be liable to the corporation in an action at law for the deficiency; if they sell for more, he shall be entitled to the surplus. At the expiration of thirty days after the time limited for payment as aforesaid, the directors may waive their right to offer such rights for sale, and may elect to proceed at law against such delinquent subscriber to recover all amounts due and payable by him with interest. If said rights are not sold at said auction, or if a judgment rendered in an action against a subscriber remains unsatisfied for thirty days, all amounts previously paid by him shall be forfeited to the corporation.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 26 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 26 - Division of Class of Stock Into Series; Variations; Reissue of Restored Shares; Filing of Certificate

Section 26. If the articles of organization so provide, the directors may determine, in whole or in part, the preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special or relative rights or privileges of (1) any class of stock before the issuance of any shares of that class or (2) one or more series within a class before the issuance of any shares of that series. Each series of a class shall have a distinguishing designation.  If shares of any class or series are restored to the status of authorized but unissued shares pursuant to section twenty-one A, such shares may be reissued, either as shares of the same class and series or as shares of one or more other series within the same class, the terms of which are determined by the directors in accordance with this section.  Prior to the issuance of any shares of a class or series having terms so determined by the directors other than a reissue of restored shares as shares of the same class and series pursuant to the second paragraph, the corporation shall submit to the state secretary a certificate signed by the president or a vice president and by the clerk or an assistant clerk setting forth the text of the vote of the directors determining the terms of the class or the number of shares and the terms of any series, the date of adoption of such vote, and a certification that such vote was duly adopted by the directors.  Such certificate shall constitute an amendment of the articles of organization, and shall become effective when filed in accordance with section six.
MA Gen L ch 156b § 28 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 156b - Certain Business Corporations|Section 28 - Fractional Shares; Scrip; Dividends and Voting Rights; Exchange or Sale

Section 28. Except as otherwise provided in the articles of organization or by-laws, a corporation may issue fractional shares of stock, and may issue in lieu thereof scrip in registered or bearer form which, depending upon how the shares of the corporation are evidenced, shall entitle the holder to receive a certificate for a full share or have an uncertificated share registered in his name upon the surrender of such scrip aggregating a full share. A fractional share shall, but scrip shall not unless otherwise provided therein, entitle the holder to exercise voting rights, to receive dividends thereon, or to participate in any of the assets of the corporation in the event of liquidation. The directors shall fix the terms and conditions and manner of issue of such scrip, which may include a condition that it shall become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date, or a condition that the shares for which such scrip is exchangeable may be sold by the corporation and the proceeds thereof distributed to the holders of such scrip.