reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Prob Code § 404 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 1 - Appointment and Revocation|Section 404.

404.  (a) The Controller shall establish and may amend standards of training, performance, and ethics of probate referees. The standards are a public record.(b) The Controller may revoke the appointment of a person to act as a probate referee for noncompliance with any standard of training, performance, or ethics established under subdivision (a). The Controller may revoke an appointment under this subdivision without notice or a hearing, but the revocation is subject to review by writ of mandate in a court of competent jurisdiction.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 405 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 1 - Appointment and Revocation|Section 405.

405.  Notwithstanding Section 404, the Controller may, at the Controller’s pleasure, revoke the appointment of a person to act as a probate referee. Under this section, the Controller may revoke the appointment of not more than 10 percent of the probate referees in each county in any one calendar year, but may revoke the appointment of at least one probate referee in each county in any one calendar year.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 406 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 1 - Appointment and Revocation|Section 406.

406.  (a) The authority of a person to act as a probate referee ceases immediately upon expiration of the person’s term of office, revocation of the person’s appointment, or other termination pursuant to law.(b) Upon cessation of authority of a person to act as a probate referee, the Controller shall notify the superior court of the county for which the probate referee was appointed. Upon receipt of notice, or if it otherwise comes to the attention of the court that the authority of a person to act as a probate referee has ceased, the court shall reassign any estate for which the person had been designated as probate referee to another probate referee.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 407 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 1 - Appointment and Revocation|Section 407.

407.  (a) As used in this section, “prohibited political activity” means directly or indirectly soliciting, receiving, or contributing, or being in any manner involved in soliciting, receiving, or contributing, any of the following:(1)  An assessment, subscription, or contribution to any party, incumbent, committee, or candidate exceeding two hundred dollars ($200) in any one calendar year for any partisan public office of this state.(2) An assessment, subscription, contribution, or political service in any amount for any campaign for the office of Controller.(b) Upon a person’s appointment and thereafter in January of each year during the person’s tenure as a probate referee, the person shall file with the Controller a verified statement indicating whether the person has engaged in prohibited political activity during the preceding two calendar years.(c) The Controller may not appoint or reappoint as a probate referee a person who within the preceding two calendar years has engaged in prohibited political activity, and any such appointment or reappointment is void and shall be revoked. The Controller shall revoke the appointment of a person who, during the person’s tenure as a probate referee, engages in prohibited political activity. However, all acts not otherwise invalid, performed by the person before revocation of the person’s appointment, are valid.(d) A person shall not engage in prohibited political activity during the time the person is an applicant for appointment or reappointment, or during the person’s tenure as a probate referee. A violation of this subdivision is a misdemeanor.(e) Subdivisions (a), (c), and (d) do not apply to any prohibited political activity that occurred before July 1, 1989, and the applicable law in effect before July 1, 1989, continues to apply. Subdivision (b) applies on July 1, 1989, to persons who apply for appointment on or after July 1, 1989. A person who applied for appointment or who was appointed before July 1, 1989, shall file the first statement required by subdivision (b) on or before July 1, 1989, and thereafter as prescribed in subdivision (b).(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 408 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 1 - Appointment and Revocation|Section 408.

408.  The appointment of a probate referee by the Controller before July 1, 1989, is not invalidated by the repeal of the law under which the appointment was made. Appointment of a probate referee before July 1, 1989, may be revoked under this chapter only if revocation would otherwise be proper under this chapter.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 450 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 2 - Powers of Probate Referee|Section 450.

450.  Upon designation by the court, the probate referee has all the powers of a referee of the superior court and all other powers provided in this chapter.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 451 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 2 - Powers of Probate Referee|Section 451.

451.  (a) For the purpose of appraisal of property in the estate, the probate referee may require, and may issue a subpoena to compel, the appearance before the referee of the personal representative, guardian, conservator, or other fiduciary, an interested person, or any other person the referee has reason to believe has knowledge of the property.(b) A subpoena issued under subdivision (a) is subject to the provisions of Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 2020.010) of Title 4 of Part 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure governing deposition subpoenas.(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 52. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
CA Prob Code § 452 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 2 - Powers of Probate Referee|Section 452.

452.  (a) The probate referee may:(1) Examine and take the testimony under oath of a person appearing before the referee.(2) Require, and issue a subpoena to compel, the person to produce any document in the person’s possession or control, concerning the value of any property in the estate.(b) A subpoena issued under subdivision (a) is subject to the provisions of Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 2020.010) of Title 4 of Part 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure governing deposition subpoenas.(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 182, Sec. 53. Effective January 1, 2005. Operative July 1, 2005, by Sec. 64 of Ch. 182.)
CA Prob Code § 453 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 12 - PROBATE REFEREES|CHAPTER 2 - Powers of Probate Referee|Section 453.

453.  (a) On petition of a person required to appear before the probate referee pursuant to this chapter, the court may make a protective order to protect the person from annoyance, embarrassment, or oppression. The petitioner shall deliver pursuant to Section 1215 notice of the hearing on the petition to the probate referee and to the personal representative, guardian, conservator, or other fiduciary at least 15 days before the date set for the hearing. Any subpoena issued by the probate referee is stayed during the pendency of the petition.(b) On petition of the probate referee, the court may make an order to show cause why a person who is required, but fails, to appear before the probate referee pursuant to this chapter, should not be compelled to do so. The probate referee shall deliver pursuant to Section 1215 notice of the hearing on the petition to the person at least 15 days before the date set for the hearing.(Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 319, Sec. 8. (AB 976) Effective January 1, 2018.)
CA Prob Code § 550 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 13 - LITIGATION INVOLVING DECEDENT|CHAPTER 1 - Liability of Decedent Covered byInsurance|Section 550.

550.  (a) Subject to the provisions of this chapter, an action to establish the decedent’s liability for which the decedent was protected by insurance may be commenced or continued against the decedent’s estate without the need to join as a party the decedent’s personal representative or successor in interest.(b) The remedy provided in this chapter is cumulative and may be pursued concurrently with other remedies.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 551 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 13 - LITIGATION INVOLVING DECEDENT|CHAPTER 1 - Liability of Decedent Covered byInsurance|Section 551.

551.  Notwithstanding Section 366.2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, if the limitations period otherwise applicable to the action has not expired at the time of the decedent’s death, an action under this chapter may be commenced within one year after the expiration of the limitations period otherwise applicable.(Amended by Stats. 1992, Ch. 178, Sec. 30. Effective January 1, 1993.)
CA Prob Code § 552 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 13 - LITIGATION INVOLVING DECEDENT|CHAPTER 1 - Liability of Decedent Covered byInsurance|Section 552.

552.  (a) An action under this chapter shall name as the defendant, “Estate of (name of decedent), Deceased.” Summons shall be served on a person designated in writing by the insurer or, if none, on the insurer. Further proceedings shall be in the name of the estate, but otherwise shall be conducted in the same manner as if the action were against the personal representative.(b) On motion of an interested person, or on its own motion, the court in which the action is pending may, for good cause, order the appointment and substitution of a personal representative as the defendant.(c) An action against the estate of the decedent under this chapter may be consolidated with an action against the personal representative.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 553 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 13 - LITIGATION INVOLVING DECEDENT|CHAPTER 1 - Liability of Decedent Covered byInsurance|Section 553.

553.  The insurer may deny or otherwise contest its liability in an action under this chapter or by an independent action. Unless the personal representative is joined as a party, a judgment in the action under this chapter or in the independent action does not adjudicate rights by or against the estate.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 554 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 13 - LITIGATION INVOLVING DECEDENT|CHAPTER 1 - Liability of Decedent Covered byInsurance|Section 554.

554.  (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), either the damages sought in an action under this chapter shall be within the limits and coverage of the insurance, or recovery of damages outside the limits or coverage of the insurance shall be waived. A judgment in favor of the plaintiff in the action is enforceable only from the insurance coverage and not against property in the estate.(b) Where the amount of damages sought in the action exceeds the coverage of the insurance, subdivision (a) does not apply if both of the following conditions are satisfied:(1) The personal representative is joined as a party to the action.(2) The plaintiff files a claim in compliance with Section 9390.(Amended by Stats. 1990, Ch. 710, Sec. 3. Operative July 1, 1991, by Sec. 48 of Ch. 710.)
CA Prob Code § 555 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 13 - LITIGATION INVOLVING DECEDENT|CHAPTER 1 - Liability of Decedent Covered byInsurance|Section 555.

555.  (a) This chapter does not apply to an action commenced before July 1, 1989.(b) The applicable law in effect before July 1, 1989, continues to apply to an action commenced before July 1, 1989, notwithstanding its repeal by Chapter 1199 of the Statutes of 1988.(Enacted by Stats. 1990, Ch. 79.)
CA Prob Code § 600 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 600.

600.  Except to the extent that the common law rules governing powers of appointment are modified by statute, the common law as to powers of appointment is the law of this state.(Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 30, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1993.)
CA Prob Code § 601 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions|Section 601.

601.  If the law existing at the time of the creation of a power of appointment and the law existing at the time of the release or exercise of the power of appointment or at the time of the assertion of a right given by this part differ, the law existing at the time of the release, exercise, or assertion of a right controls. Nothing in this section makes invalid a power of appointment created before July 1, 1970, that was valid under the law in existence at the time it was created.(Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 30, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1993.)
CA Prob Code § 610 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 2 - Definitions; Classification of Powers of Appointment|Section 610.

610.  As used in this part:(a) “Appointee” means the person in whose favor a power of appointment is exercised.(b) “Appointive property” means the property or interest in property that is the subject of the power of appointment.(c) “Creating instrument” means the deed, will, trust, or other writing or document that creates or reserves the power of appointment.(d) “Donor” means the person who creates or reserves a power of appointment.(e) “Permissible appointee” means a person in whose favor a power of appointment can be exercised.(f) “Power of appointment” means a power that enables a powerholder acting in a nonfiduciary capacity to designate a recipient of an ownership interest in or another power of appointment over the appointive property. The term does not include a power of attorney.(g) “Powerholder” means the person to whom a power of appointment is given or in whose favor a power of appointment is reserved.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 81, Sec. 1. (AB 2846) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Prob Code § 611 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 2 - Definitions; Classification of Powers of Appointment|Section 611.

611.  (a) A power of appointment is “general” only to the extent that it is exercisable in favor of the powerholder, the powerholder’s estate, the powerholder’s creditors, or creditors of the powerholder’s estate, whether or not it is exercisable in favor of others.(b) A power to consume, invade, or appropriate property for the benefit of a person in discharge of the powerholder’s obligation of support that is limited by an ascertainable standard relating to the person’s health, education, support, or maintenance is not a general power of appointment.(c) A power exercisable by the powerholder only in conjunction with a person having a substantial interest in the appointive property that is adverse to the exercise of the power in favor of the powerholder, the powerholder’s estate, the powerholder’s creditors, or creditors of the powerholder’s estate is not a general power of appointment.(d) A power of appointment that is not “general” is “special.”(e) A power of appointment may be general as to some appointive property, or an interest in or a specific portion of appointive property, and be special as to other appointive property.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 81, Sec. 2. (AB 2846) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Prob Code § 612 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 2 - Definitions; Classification of Powers of Appointment|Section 612.

612.  (a) A power of appointment is “testamentary” if it is exercisable only by a will.(b) A power of appointment is “presently exercisable” at the time in question to the extent that an irrevocable appointment can be made.(c) A power of appointment is “not presently exercisable” if it is “postponed.” A power of appointment is “postponed” in either of the following circumstances:(1) The creating instrument provides that the power of appointment may be exercised only after a specified act or event occurs or a specified condition is met, and the act or event has not occurred or the condition has not been met.(2) The creating instrument provides that an exercise of the power of appointment is revocable until a specified act or event occurs or a specified condition is met, and the act or event has not occurred or the condition has not been met.(Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 30, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1993.)
CA Prob Code § 613 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 2 - Definitions; Classification of Powers of Appointment|Section 613.

613.  A power of appointment is “imperative” where the creating instrument manifests an intent that the permissible appointees be benefited even if the powerholder fails to exercise the power. An imperative power can exist even though the powerholder has the privilege of selecting some and excluding others of the designated permissible appointees. All other powers of appointment are “discretionary.” The powerholder of a discretionary power is privileged to exercise, or not to exercise, the power as the powerholder chooses.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 81, Sec. 3. (AB 2846) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Prob Code § 620 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 3 - Creation of Powers of Appointment|Section 620.

620.  A power of appointment can be created only by a donor having the capacity to transfer the interest in property to which the power relates.(Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 30, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1993.)
CA Prob Code § 621 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 3 - Creation of Powers of Appointment|Section 621.

621.  (a) A power of appointment is created only if all of the following are satisfied:(1) There is a creating instrument.(2) The creating instrument is valid under applicable law.(3) Except as provided in subdivision (b), the creating instrument transfers the appointive property.(4) The terms of the creating instrument manifest the donor’s intent to create in a powerholder a power of appointment over the appointive property exercisable in favor of a permissible appointee.(b) Paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) does not apply to the creation of a power of appointment by the exercise of a power of appointment.(Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 81, Sec. 4. (AB 2846) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Prob Code § 670 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 5 - Effect of Failure to Make Effective Appointment|Section 670.

670.  An exercise of a power of appointment is not void solely because it is more extensive than authorized by the power, but is valid to the extent that the exercise was permissible under the terms of the power.(Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 30, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1993.)
CA Prob Code § 671 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 5 - Effect of Failure to Make Effective Appointment|Section 671.

671.  (a) Unless the creating instrument or the powerholder, in writing, manifests a contrary intent, where the powerholder dies without having exercised an imperative power of appointment either in whole or in part, the persons designated as permissible appointees take equally of the property not already appointed. Where the creating instrument establishes a minimum distribution requirement that is not satisfied by an equal division of the property not already appointed, the appointees who have received a partial appointment are required to return a pro rata portion of the property they would otherwise be entitled to receive in an amount sufficient to meet the minimum distribution requirement.(b) Where an imperative power of appointment has been exercised defectively, either in whole or in part, its proper execution may be adjudged in favor of the person intended to be benefited by the defective exercise.(c) Where an imperative power of appointment has been created so that it confers on a person a right to have the power exercised in the person’s favor, the proper exercise of the power can be compelled in favor of the person, or the person’s assigns, creditors, guardian, or conservator.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 81, Sec. 17. (AB 2846) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Prob Code § 672 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 5 - Effect of Failure to Make Effective Appointment|Section 672.

672.  (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), if the powerholder of a discretionary power of appointment fails to appoint the property, releases the entire power, or makes an ineffective appointment, in whole or in part, the appointive property not effectively appointed passes to the person named by the donor as taker in default or, if there is none, reverts to the donor.(b) If the powerholder of a general power of appointment makes an ineffective appointment, an implied alternative appointment to the powerholder’s estate may be found if the powerholder has manifested an intent that the appointive property be disposed of as property of the powerholder rather than as in default of appointment.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 81, Sec. 18. (AB 2846) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Prob Code § 673 (2021)
2021 California Code|Probate Code - PROB|DIVISION 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS|PART 14 - POWERS OF APPOINTMENT|CHAPTER 5 - Effect of Failure to Make Effective Appointment|Section 673.

673.  (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), if an appointment by will or by instrument effective only at the death of the powerholder is ineffective because of the death of an appointee before the appointment becomes effective and the appointee leaves issue surviving the powerholder, the surviving issue of the appointee take the appointed property in the same manner as the appointee would have taken had the appointee survived the powerholder, except that the property passes only to persons who are permissible appointees, including appointees permitted under Section 674. If the surviving issue are all of the same degree of kinship to the deceased appointee, they take equally, but if of unequal degree, then those of more remote degree take in the manner provided in Section 240.(b) This section does not apply if either the donor or powerholder manifests an intent that some other disposition of the appointive property shall be made.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 81, Sec. 19. (AB 2846) Effective January 1, 2017.)