reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NE Code § 28-515 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-515 - Theft of services.

28-515.  Theft of services.(1) A person commits theft if he or she obtains services, which he or she knows are available only for compensation, by deception or threat or by false token or other means to avoid payment for the service. Services include labor, professional service, telephone service, electric service, cable television service, or other public service, accommodation in hotels, restaurants, or elsewhere, admission to exhibitions, and use of vehicles or other movable property. When compensation for service is ordinarily paid immediately upon the rendering of such service, as in the case of hotels and restaurants, refusal to pay or absconding without payment or offer to pay gives rise to a presumption that the service was obtained by deception as to intention to pay.(2) A person commits theft if, having control over the disposition of services of others to which he or she is not entitled, he or she diverts such services to his or her own benefit or to the benefit of another not entitled thereto.Source   Laws 1977, LB 38, § 114;   Laws 1982, LB 126, § 3;   Laws 1986, LB 464, § 1;  Laws 2002, LB 1105, § 429.
NE Code § 28-515.01 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-515.01 - Theft of telecommunications service; penalty.

28-515.01.  Theft of telecommunications service; penalty.(1) It is unlawful for any person to:(a) Knowingly make or possess any device designed to or commonly used to obtain telecommunications service fraudulently from a licensed cable television franchisee with the intent to use such device in the commission of an offense described in subsection (1) of section 28-515;(b) Knowingly tamper with, interfere with, or connect to any cables, wires, converters, or other devices used for the distribution of telecommunications service by any mechanical, electrical, acoustical, or other means without authority from the operator of the service with the intent of obtaining telecommunications service fraudulently; or(c) Sell, give, transfer, or offer or advertise for sale a device which such person knows or should know is intended to be used for the purpose of obtaining telecommunications service fraudulently.(2) For purposes of this section:(a) Telecommunications service includes, but is not limited to, telephone service and cable television service; and(b) Device includes, but is not limited to, instrument, apparatus, equipment, and plans or instructions for making or assembling the instrument, apparatus, or equipment.(3) A violation of this section is a Class II misdemeanor.Source Laws 2002, LB 1105, § 430.
NE Code § 28-515.02 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-515.02 - Electric current, gas, and water; avoiding meter measurement; reconnection; penalty.

28-515.02.  Electric current, gas, and water; avoiding meter measurement; reconnection; penalty.(1) It is unlawful for any person:(a) To connect any instrument, device, or contrivance with any wire supplying or intended to supply electricity or electric current or to connect any pipe or conduit supplying gas or water, without the knowledge and consent of the supplier of such products, in such manner that any portion thereof may be supplied to any instrument by or at which electricity, electric current, gas, or water may be consumed without passing through the meter made or provided for measuring or registering the amount or quantity thereof passing through it;(b) To knowingly use or knowingly permit the use of electricity, electric current, gas, or water obtained unlawfully pursuant to this section;(c) To reconnect electrical, gas, or water service without the knowledge and consent of the supplier of such service if the service has been disconnected pursuant to sections 70-1601 to 70-1615; or(d) To willfully injure, alter, or by any instrument, device, or contrivance in any manner interfere with or obstruct the action or operation of any meter made or provided for measuring or registering the amount or quantity of electricity, electric current, gas, or water passing through it, without the knowledge and consent of the supplier of the electricity, electric current, gas, or water passing or intended to pass through such meter.(2) Proof of the existence of any wire, pipe, or conduit connection or reconnection or of any injury, alteration, interference, or obstruction of a meter is prima facie evidence of the guilt of the person in possession of the premises where such connection, reconnection, injury, alteration, interference, or obstruction is proved to exist.(3) A violation of this section is a Class III misdemeanor.Source   Laws 1911, c. 47, §§ 1, 2, 4, 6, pp. 228, 229, 230, 231;   R.S.1913, §§ 7423, 7424, 7426, 7427;   C.S.1922, §§ 7116, 7117, 7119, 7120;   Laws 1923, c. 86, § 1, p. 228;   C.S.1929, §§ 86-320, 86-321, 86-323, 86-324;   R.S.1943, § 86-329;   Laws 1977, LB 39, § 327;   Laws 1995, LB 92, § 1;   R.S.1943, (1999), § 86-329;  Laws 2002, LB 1105, § 431.
NE Code § 28-516 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-516 - Unauthorized use of a propelled vehicle; affirmative defense; penalties.

28-516.  Unauthorized use of a propelled vehicle; affirmative defense; penalties.(1) A person commits the offense of unauthorized use of a propelled vehicle if he or she intentionally exerts unauthorized control over another's propelled vehicle by operating it without the owner's consent.(2) Propelled vehicle shall mean an automobile, airplane, motorcycle, motorboat, or other motor-propelled vehicle.(3) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the defendant reasonably believed that the owner would have authorized the use had he or she known of it.(4) Unauthorized use of a propelled vehicle is a Class III misdemeanor for the first offense, a Class I misdemeanor for the second offense, and a Class IV felony for the third and any subsequent offenses.Source   Laws 1977, LB 38, § 115;   Laws 1993, LB 430, § 2;   Laws 1995, LB 371, § 7.
NE Code § 28-517 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-517 - Theft by receiving stolen property.

28-517.  Theft by receiving stolen property.A person commits theft if he receives, retains, or disposes of stolen movable property of another knowing that it has been stolen, or believing that it has been stolen, unless the property is received, retained, or disposed with intention to restore it to the owner.Source  Laws 1977, LB 38, § 116.Annotations  In a prosecution for receiving stolen property, the court must instruct the jury on the subjective standard of "knowing . . . or believing" as it is used in this section. State v. Almasaudi, 282 Neb. 162, 802 N.W.2d 110 (2011). This section imposes a subjective standard of knowledge or belief. State v. Almasaudi, 282 Neb. 162, 802 N.W.2d 110 (2011). Read in conjunction with section 28-510, theft by receiving stolen property under this section is the same offense as theft by unlawful taking under section 28-511. State v. Miner, 273 Neb. 837, 733 N.W.2d 891 (2007). The Nebraska Legislature has unambiguously defined theft as a single offense which can be committed in several different ways. State v. Miner, 273 Neb. 837, 733 N.W.2d 891 (2007). The Nebraska Legislature has not made the offense of "theft by receiving" a continuous offense. State v. Nuss, 235 Neb. 107, 454 N.W.2d 482 (1990). Applying subsection (8) of section 25-518, value is an essential element of the crime of theft by receiving stolen property. In re Interest of Shea B., 3 Neb. App. 750, 532 N.W.2d 52 (1995).
NE Code § 28-519 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-519 - Criminal mischief; penalty.

28-519.  Criminal mischief; penalty.(1) A person commits criminal mischief if he or she:(a) Damages property of another intentionally or recklessly; or(b) Intentionally tampers with property of another so as to endanger person or property; or(c) Intentionally or maliciously causes another to suffer pecuniary loss by deception or threat.(2) Criminal mischief is a Class IV felony if the actor intentionally or maliciously causes pecuniary loss of five thousand dollars or more, or a substantial interruption or impairment of public communication, transportation, supply of water, gas, or power, or other public service.(3) Criminal mischief is a Class I misdemeanor if the actor intentionally or maliciously causes pecuniary loss of one thousand five hundred dollars or more but less than five thousand dollars.(4) Criminal mischief is a Class II misdemeanor if the actor intentionally or maliciously causes pecuniary loss of five hundred dollars or more but less than one thousand five hundred dollars.(5) Criminal mischief is a Class III misdemeanor if the actor intentionally, maliciously, or recklessly causes pecuniary loss in an amount of less than five hundred dollars, or if his or her action results in no pecuniary loss.Source   Laws 1977, LB 38, § 118;   Laws 1982, LB 347, § 9;  Laws 2002, LB 82, § 4;  Laws 2015, LB605, § 31.  Cross References  Unlawful interference with utility poles and wires, penalty, see section 76-2325.01.Annotations  Ownership of property is not an essential element of criminal mischief and is immaterial except to identify property as not that of the accused. State v. Flye, 245 Neb. 495, 513 N.W.2d 526 (1994). Regarding the grades of criminal mischief, existence and amount of pecuniary loss are questions for the fact finder. A specific monetary amount, alleged in conjunction with "pecuniary loss" resulting from criminal mischief informs the court and the defendant the grade of offense charged and the potential punishment on conviction. "Pecuniary loss" as used in this section means monetary loss suffered by another as the result of the defendant's conduct which constitutes criminal mischief. State v. Pierce, 231 Neb. 966, 439 N.W.2d 435 (1989). A violation of subsection (4) of this section is a petty offense for which a defendant has a statutory, but not constitutional, right to a jury trial. State v. Lafler, 224 Neb. 613, 399 N.W.2d 808 (1987). A factual basis existed for the finding that property alleged to have been feloniously destroyed exceeded three hundred dollars in value when, in the presentence report, damage caused by the defendant was estimated to total in excess of two thousand two hundred dollars. State v. Richter, 220 Neb. 551, 371 N.W.2d 125 (1985).
NE Code § 28-520 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-520 - Criminal trespass, first degree; penalty.

28-520.  Criminal trespass, first degree; penalty.(1) A person commits first degree criminal trespass if:(a) He or she enters or secretly remains in any building or occupied structure, or any separately secured or occupied portion thereof, knowing that he or she is not licensed or privileged to do so; or(b) He or she enters or remains in or on a public power infrastructure facility knowing that he or she does not have the consent of a person who has the right to give consent to be in or on the facility.(2) First degree criminal trespass is a Class I misdemeanor.(3) For purposes of this section, public power infrastructure facility means a power plant, an electrical station or substation, or any other facility which is used by a public power supplier as defined in section 70-2103 to support the generation, transmission, or distribution of electricity and which is surrounded by a fence or is otherwise enclosed.Source   Laws 1977, LB 38, § 119;  Laws 2009, LB238, § 1. Annotations  The plain language of "knowing" in subdivision (1)(a) of this section, in the context of entering any building or occupied structure "knowing that he or she is not licensed or privileged to do so," imposes a subjective standard focused on the accused's actual knowledge. State v. Stanko, 304 Neb. 675, 936 N.W.2d 353 (2019). Criminal trespass in violation of subsection (1) of this section is not a lesser-included offense of burglary as defined in section 28-507(1). State v. Gonzales, 218 Neb. 43, 352 N.W.2d 571 (1984). Criminal trespass is not a lesser-included offense of burglary. State v. Miller, 215 Neb. 145, 337 N.W.2d 424 (1983).
NE Code § 28-521 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-521 - Criminal trespass, second degree; penalty.

28-521.  Criminal trespass, second degree; penalty.(1) A person commits second degree criminal trespass if, knowing that he or she is not licensed or privileged to do so, he or she enters or remains in any place as to which notice against trespass is given by:(a) Actual communication to the actor; or(b) Posting in a manner prescribed by law or reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders; or(c) Fencing or other enclosure manifestly designed to exclude intruders except as otherwise provided in section 28-520.(2) Second degree criminal trespass is a Class III misdemeanor, except as provided for in subsection (3) of this section.(3) Second degree criminal trespass is a Class II misdemeanor if the offender defies an order to leave personally communicated to him or her by the owner of the premises or other authorized person.Source   Laws 1977, LB 38, § 120;  Laws 2009, LB238, § 2. Annotations  In a trespass prosecution, a defendant may introduce evidence that an owner or other person empowered to license access to the property told the defendant that he or she could be on the property. Such statements are verbal acts, i.e., nonhearsay statements, because they have legal significance merely because they were spoken. State v. McCave, 282 Neb. 500, 805 N.W.2d 290 (2011). An automobile, by itself, is not a "place" as to which notice against trespass may be given within the meaning of subsection (1)(c) of this section. In re Interest of W.D., 232 Neb. 581, 441 N.W.2d 608 (1989). Criminal trespass is not a lesser-included offense of burglary. State v. Miller, 215 Neb. 145, 337 N.W.2d 424 (1983).
NE Code § 28-522 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-522 - Criminal trespass; affirmative defenses.

28-522.  Criminal trespass; affirmative defenses.It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under sections 28-520 and 28-521 that:(1) A building or occupied structure involved in an offense under section 28-520 was abandoned; or(2) The premises were at the time open to members of the public and the actor complied with all lawful conditions imposed on access to or remaining in the premises; or(3) The actor reasonably believed that the owner of the premises or other person empowered to license access thereto would have licensed him to enter or remain; or(4) The actor was in the process of navigating or attempting to navigate with a nonpowered vessel any stream or river in this state and found it necessary to portage or otherwise transport the vessel around any fence or obstructions in such stream or river.Source  Laws 1977, LB 38, § 121. Annotations  A person entering premises open to the public has the premises and the business has not reinstated its implied consent to entry. State v. Stanko, 304 Neb. 675, 936 N.W.2d 353 (2019). A valid license from any owner or other person empowered to license access to a property is sufficient to show that a defendant reasonably believed that he or she was licensed to be on the premises. A defendant need not show that every owner licensed his or her presence. State v. McCave, 282 Neb. 500, 805 N.W.2d 290 (2011). Criminal trespass is not a lesser-included offense of burglary. State v. Miller, 215 Neb. 145, 337 N.W.2d 424 (1983). An ownership interest is not an affirmative defense to the charge of criminal trespass. State v. Anderson, 14 Neb. App. 253, 706 N.W.2d 564 (2005).
NE Code § 28-523 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-523 - Littering of public and private property; penalty.

28-523.  Littering of public and private property; penalty.(1) Any person who deposits, throws, discards, or otherwise disposes of any litter on any public or private property or in any waters commits the offense of littering unless:(a) Such property is an area designated by law for the disposal of such material and such person is authorized by the proper public authority to so use such property; or(b) The litter is placed in a receptacle or container installed on such property for such purpose.(2) The word litter as used in this section shall mean all waste material susceptible of being dropped, deposited, discarded, or otherwise disposed of by any person upon any property in the state but does not include wastes of primary processes of farming or manufacturing. Waste material as used in this subsection shall mean any material appearing in a place or in a context not associated with that material's function or origin.(3) Whenever litter is thrown, deposited, dropped, or dumped from any motor vehicle or watercraft in violation of this section, the operator of such motor vehicle or watercraft commits the offense of littering.(4) A person who commits the offense of littering shall be guilty of a Class III misdemeanor. A person convicted of the offense of littering for the second time shall be guilty of a Class II misdemeanor. A person convicted of the offense of littering for the third or a subsequent time shall be guilty of a Class I misdemeanor.Source   Laws 1977, LB 38, § 122;   Laws 1978, LB 920, § 2;   Laws 1979, LB 120, § 34;   Laws 1981, LB 253, § 1;   Laws 1994, LB 570, § 1;   Laws 1997, LB 495, § 3.
NE Code § 28-524 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-524 - Graffiti; penalty.

28-524.  Graffiti; penalty.(1) Any person who knowingly and intentionally applies graffiti of any type on any building, public or private, or any other tangible property owned by any person, firm, or corporation or any public entity or instrumentality, without the express permission of the owner or operator of the property, commits the offense of unauthorized application of graffiti.(2) Unauthorized application of graffiti is a Class III misdemeanor for a first offense and a Class IV felony for a second or subsequent offense.(3) Upon conviction of an offense under this section, the court may, in addition to any other punishment imposed, order the defendant to clean up, repair, or replace the damaged property, keep the defaced property or another specified property in the community free of graffiti or other inscribed materials for up to one year, or order a combination of restitution and labor.(4) Upon conviction of an offense under this section, the court may, in addition to any other punishment imposed, order the defendant to undergo counseling.(5) Upon conviction of an offense under this section, the court may, in addition to any other punishment imposed, order the suspension of the defendant's motor vehicle operator's license for up to one year. A copy of an abstract of the court's conviction, including an adjudication of a juvenile, shall be transmitted to the director pursuant to sections 60-497.01 to 60-497.04.(6) For purposes of this section, graffiti means any letter, word, name, number, symbol, slogan, message, drawing, picture, writing, or other mark of any kind visible to the public that is drawn, painted, chiseled, scratched, or etched on a rock, tree, wall, bridge, fence, gate, building, or other structure. Graffiti does not include advertising or any other letter, word, name, number, symbol, slogan, message, drawing, picture, writing, or other mark of any kind lawfully placed on property by an owner of the property, a tenant of the property, or an authorized agent for such owner or tenant.Source Laws 2009, LB63, § 6.
NE Code § 28-601 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-601 - Terms, defined.

28-601.  Terms, defined.As used in sections 28-601 to 28-605, unless the context otherwise requires:(1) Written instrument shall mean any paper, document, or other instrument containing written or printed matter used for purposes of reciting, embodying, conveying, or recording information, and any money, credit card, token, stamp, seal, badge, trademark, or any evidence or symbol of value, right, privilege, or identification which is capable of being used to the advantage or disadvantage of some person;(2) Complete written instrument shall mean a written instrument which purports to be genuine and fully drawn with respect to every essential feature thereof;(3) Incomplete written instrument shall mean one which contains some matter by way of content or authentication but which requires additional matter in order to render it a complete written instrument;(4) To falsely make a written instrument shall mean to make or draw a written instrument, whether complete or incomplete, which purports to be an authentic creation of its ostensible maker, but which is not, either because the ostensible maker is fictitious or because, if real, he did not authorize the making or the drawing thereof;(5) To falsely complete a written instrument shall mean to transform an incomplete written instrument into a complete one by adding, inserting, or changing matter without the authority of anyone entitled to grant such authority, so that the complete written instrument falsely appears or purports to be in all respects an authentic creation of or fully authorized by its ostensible maker;(6) To falsely alter a written instrument shall mean to change a written instrument without the authority of anyone entitled to grant such authority, whether it be in complete or incomplete form, by means of erasure, obliteration, deletion, insertion of new matter, transposition of matter, or by any other means, so that such instrument in its thus altered form falsely appears or purports to be in all respects an authentic creation of or fully authorized by its ostensible maker;(7) Forged instrument shall mean a written instrument which has been falsely made, completed, endorsed or altered. The terms forgery and counterfeit and their variants are intended to be synonymous in legal effect as used in this article;(8) Possess shall mean to receive, conceal, or otherwise exercise control over; and(9) Utter shall mean to issue, authenticate, transfer, sell, transmit, present, use, pass, or deliver, or to attempt or cause such uttering.Source  Laws 1977, LB 38, § 123. Annotations Where the punishment of an offense created by statute is left to the discretion of the court, to be exercised within certain prescribed limits, a sentence imposed within such limits will not be disturbed on appeal unless there appears to be an abuse of discretion. State v. Harrington, 202 Neb. 356, 275 N.W.2d 294 (1979).
NE Code § 28-602 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 28 - Crimes and Punishments|28-602 - Forgery, first degree; penalty.

28-602.  Forgery, first degree; penalty.(1) A person commits forgery in the first degree if, with intent to deceive or harm, he falsely makes, completes, endorses, alters, or utters a written instrument which is or purports to be, or which is calculated to become or to represent if completed:(a) Part of an issue of money, stamps, securities, or other valuable instruments issued by a government or governmental agency; or(b) Part of an issue of stock, bonds, bank notes, or other instruments representing interests in or claims against a corporate or other organization or its property.(2) Forgery in the first degree is a Class III felony.Source  Laws 1977, LB 38, § 124.