reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 8-1-130 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 7 - Future Delivery.|Section 8-1-130 - Persons Involved in Futures Contracts Not Excused From Testifying; Participation Prima Facie Evidence of Guilt.

Section 8-1-130Persons involved in futures contracts not excused from testifying; participation prima facie evidence of guilt. (a) No person shall be excused on any prosecution under this article from testifying touching anything done by himself or others contrary to the provisions of this article; but no disclosures made by the witness upon such examination shall be used against him in any penal or criminal prosecution, and he shall be altogether pardoned of the offense so done or participated in by him. (b) In all such prosecutions proof that the defendant was a party to a contract as agent or principal to sell and deliver any article, thing or property specified or named in this article, that he was agent, directly or indirectly, of any party in making, furthering, or effectuating the same, or that he was the agent or officer of any corporation or association or person in making, furthering, or effectuating the same and that the article, thing, or property agreed to be sold and delivered was not actually delivered and that settlement was made or agreed to be made upon the difference in value of such article, thing, or property shall constitute against such defendant prima facie evidence of guilt. (Code 1907, §6476; Code 1923, §3580; Code 1940, T. 9, §39.)
AL Code § 8-1-131 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 7 - Future Delivery.|Section 8-1-131 - Money Paid on Illegal Contract May Be Recovered.

Section 8-1-131Money paid on illegal contract may be recovered. Any money or thing paid or delivered to any person whether as principal, agent, or broker in furtherance or settlement of any contract made in violation of this article may be recovered in any action brought by the person paying the same, his wife, or child. (Code 1907, §3353; Code 1923, §6820; Code 1940, T. 9, §34.)
AL Code § 8-1-150 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 8 - Gaming and Wagering.|Section 8-1-150 - Contracts Founded Upon Gambling Consideration Void; Recovery of Money Paid or Things of Value Delivered.

Section 8-1-150Contracts founded upon gambling consideration void; recovery of money paid or things of value delivered. (a) All contracts founded in whole or in part on a gambling consideration are void. Any person who has paid any money or delivered any thing of value lost upon any game or wager may recover such money, thing, or its value by an action commenced within six months from the time of such payment or delivery. (b) Any other person may also recover the amount of such money, thing, or its value by an action commenced within 12 months after the payment or delivery thereof for the use of the wife or, if no wife, the children or, if no children, the next of kin of the loser. (c) A judgment under either subsection (a) or (b) for the amount of money paid, thing delivered, or its value is a good defense to any action brought for such money, thing, or its value under the provisions of the other subsection. (d) A judgment recovered under the provisions of this section is a defense to any proceeding on any garnishment served after the recovery of such judgment, and the court may make any order staying proceedings as may be necessary to protect the rights of the defendant. (Code 1852, §§1562-1564, 1567; Code 1867, §§1874-1876, 1879; Code 1876, §§2131-2133, 2136; Code 1886, §§1742-1744, 1747; Code 1896, §§2163-2165, 2168; Code 1907, §§3338-3340, 3343; Code 1923, §§6808-6810, 6813; Code 1940, T. 9, §§44-46, 49.)
AL Code § 8-1-151 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 8 - Gaming and Wagering.|Section 8-1-151 - Creditor of Losing Party Under Gambling Contract May Garnish Winner.

Section 8-1-151Creditor of losing party under gambling contract may garnish winner. (a) Any creditor of a losing party under a gambling contract may garnish the winner as other debtors are garnished at any time within two years from the payment of such money or delivery of such thing, and if such garnishee fails to appear, judgment may be entered against him as against other garnishees failing to answer, but the answer of a garnishee shall not be evidence against him in a criminal prosecution. (b) A judgment recovered by a creditor under the provisions of this section is a defense to any action brought by any person under the provisions of Section 8-1-150. (Code 1852, §§1565, 1566; Code 1867, §§1877, 1878; Code 1876, §§2134, 2135; Code 1886, §§1745, 1746; Code 1896, §§2166, 2167; Code 1907, §§3341, 3342; Code 1923, §§6811, 6812; Code 1940, T. 9, §§47, 48.)
AL Code § 8-1-152 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 8 - Gaming and Wagering.|Section 8-1-152 - Answers in Actions Under Article Not to Be Used in Criminal Prosecutions.

Section 8-1-152Answers in actions under article not to be used in criminal prosecutions. In any action brought under the provisions of this article either party may be examined on interrogatories as in other cases, but the answer of the party cannot be used against him in any criminal prosecution. (Code 1852, §1570; Code 1867, §1881; Code 1876, §2137; Code 1886, §1748; Code 1896, §2169; Code 1907, §3344; Code 1923, §6814; Code 1940, T. 9, §50.)
AL Code § 8-1-170 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 9 - Insane Persons.|Section 8-1-170 - Contracts of Insane Person Void; Exceptions; Liability for Necessaries Furnished.

Section 8-1-170Contracts of insane person void; exceptions; liability for necessaries furnished. Except as provided in Sections 8-1-171 and 8-1-172, and contracts of fire and tornado insurance wherein the insane person is the beneficiary, all contracts of an insane person are void; but he and his estate shall be liable for necessaries furnished him, which may be recovered upon the same proof and upon the same conditions as if furnished to an infant. (Code 1907, §3348; Code 1923, §6824; Acts 1935, No. 224, p. 616; Code 1940, T. 9, §43.)
AL Code § 8-1-171 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 9 - Insane Persons.|Section 8-1-171 - Conveyance of Real Estate by Insane Person Not Void if Made in Good Faith.

Section 8-1-171Conveyance of real estate by insane person not void if made in good faith. (a) Whenever any person shall purchase in good faith and for a valuable consideration real estate from an insane person without notice of such insanity, such contract and conveyance shall not be void; but such insane person may recover from the vendee, or those claiming under him, the difference between the market value of such real estate at the time of the sale and the price paid therefor, with interest thereon, and shall have a lien on such real estate to secure the same. (b) Purchasers from such vendee without notice of the insanity of the original vendor shall be protected in like manner and have the benefits of this section. (Code 1907, §3347; Code 1923, §6822; Code 1940, T. 9, §41.)
AL Code § 8-1-172 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 9 - Insane Persons.|Section 8-1-172 - Mortgage Taken in Good Faith on Real Estate of Insane Person Not Void.

Section 8-1-172Mortgage taken in good faith on real estate of insane person not void. (a) When any person shall in good faith take a mortgage on real estate from an insane person without notice of the insanity, the mortgage deed shall not be void; but the insane person may redeem the property so mortgaged at any time prior to a foreclosure by paying to the mortgagee the amount actually received by the insane person at the time of executing the mortgage, or any balance due thereon, with interest thereon to the date of redemption. (b) If the mortgage shall have been foreclosed, the insane person may redeem from the vendee at the foreclosure sale, or those claiming under the vendee, at any time within 180 days from foreclosure for residential property on which a homestead exemption was claimed in the tax year during which the foreclosure occurred, or at any time within one year from foreclosure for all other property, by paying to the vendee, or those claiming under the vendee, the amount which the vendee at the mortgage foreclosure sale actually paid at the sale for the property, with interest thereon at the rate of eight percent per annum to the date of redemption, together with all lawful charges as provided for by law. (Code 1923, §6823; Code 1940, T. 9, §42; Act 2015-79, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1-190 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-190 - Void Contracts; Contracts Allowed to Preserve Protectable Interests.

Section 8-1-190Void contracts; contracts allowed to preserve protectable interests.  (a) Every contract by which anyone is restrained from exercising a lawful profession, trade, or business of any kind otherwise than is provided by this section is to that extent void. (b) Except as otherwise prohibited by law, the following contracts are allowed to preserve a protectable interest: (1) A contract between two or more persons or businesses or a person and a business limiting their ability to hire or employ the agent, servant, or employees of a party to the contract where the agent, servant, or employee holds a position uniquely essential to the management, organization, or service of the business. (2) An agreement between two or more persons or businesses or a person and a business to limit commercial dealings to each other. (3) One who sells the good will of a business may agree with the buyer to refrain from carrying on or engaging in a similar business and from soliciting customers of such business within a specified geographic area so long as the buyer, or any entity deriving title to the good will from that business, carries on a like business therein, subject to reasonable time and place restraints. Restraints of one year or less are presumed to be reasonable. (4) An agent, servant, or employee of a commercial entity may agree with such entity to refrain from carrying on or engaging in a similar business within a specified geographic area so long as the commercial entity carries on a like business therein, subject to reasonable restraints of time and place. Restraints of two years or less are presumed to be reasonable. (5) An agent, servant, or employee of a commercial entity may agree with such entity to refrain from soliciting current customers, so long as the commercial entity carries on a like business, subject to reasonable time restraints. Restraints of 18 months or for as long as post-separation consideration is paid for such agreement, whichever is greater, are presumed to be reasonable. (6) Upon or in anticipation of a dissolution of a commercial entity, partners, owners, or members, or any combination thereof, may agree that none of them will carry on a similar commercial activity in the geographic area where the commercial activity has been transacted.  (Act 2015-465, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1-191 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-191 - Protectable Interests.

Section 8-1-191Protectable interests. (a) A protectable interest includes all of the following: (1) Trade secrets, as defined in Section 8-27-2. (2) Confidential information, including, but not limited to, pricing information and methodology; compensation; customer lists; customer data and information; mailing lists; prospective customer information; financial and investment information; management and marketing plans; business strategy, technique, and methodology; business models and data; processes and procedures; and company provided files, software, code, reports, documents, manuals, and forms used in the business that may not otherwise qualify as a trade secret but which are treated as confidential to the business entity, in whatever medium provided or preserved, such as in writing or stored electronically. (3) Commercial relationships or contacts with specific prospective or existing customers, patients, vendors, or clients. (4) Customer, patient, vendor, or client good will associated with any of the following: a. An ongoing business, franchise, commercial, or professional practice, or trade dress. b. A specific marketing or trade area. (5) Specialized and unique training involving substantial business expenditure specifically directed to a particular agent, servant, or employee; provided that such training is specifically set forth in writing as the consideration for the restraint. (b) Job skills in and of themselves, without more, are not protectable interests. (Act 2015-465, §2.)
AL Code § 8-1-192 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-192 - Requirements.

Section 8-1-192Requirements.  In order to be valid, any contract or agreement executed pursuant to this article shall be reduced to writing, signed by all parties, and be supported by adequate consideration. (Act 2015-465, §3.)
AL Code § 8-1-193 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-193 - Voidable Restraints.

Section 8-1-193Voidable restraints.  If a contractually specified restraint is overly broad or unreasonable in its duration, a court may void the restraint in part and reform it to preserve the protectable interest or interests. If a contractually specified restraint does not fall within the limited exceptions set out in subsection (b) of Section 8-1-190, a court may void the restraint in its entirety. (Act 2015-465, §4)
AL Code § 8-1-194 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-194 - Burden of Proof.

Section 8-1-194Burden of proof.  The party seeking enforcement of the covenant has the burden of proof on every element. The party resisting enforcement of the covenant has the burden of proving the existence of undue hardship, if raised as a defense. (Act 2015-465, §5.)
AL Code § 8-1-195 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-195 - Remedies and Defenses.

Section 8-1-195Remedies and defenses.  (a) The remedies available for breach of an agreement subject to this article are: (1) Such injunctive and other equitable relief as may be appropriate with respect to any actual or threatened breach. (2) The actual damages suffered as a result of the breach or lawful liquidated damages if provided in the contract. (3) Any remedies available in contract law, including attorneys' fees or costs, if provided for in the contract or otherwise provided for by law. (b) Nothing in this article shall limit the availability of any defense otherwise available in law or equity. (Act 2015-465, §6.)
AL Code § 8-1-196 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-196 - Professional Exemptions.

Section 8-1-196Professional exemptions.  Nothing in this article shall be construed to eliminate any professional exemption recognized by Alabama law. (Act 2015-465, §7.)
AL Code § 8-1-197 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 10 - Restrictive Covenants,|Section 8-1-197 - Legislative Intent; Application.

Section 8-1-197Legislative intent; application. It is hereby declared that this article expresses fundamental public policies of the State of Alabama. Therefore, this article shall govern and shall be applied instead of any foreign laws that might otherwise be applicable in those instances when the application of those foreign laws would violate a fundamental public policy expressed in this article. (Act 2015-465, §8.)
AL Code § 8-1-220 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-220 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-220THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  This article shall be known and may be cited as the Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Act. (Act 2021-503, §1.)
AL Code § 8-1-221 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-221 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-221THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  As used in this article, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (1) COVERED CONTRACT. Any written employment separation, termination, or post-employment settlement or release agreement written solely for that purpose; any written business relationship termination agreement written solely for that purpose; and any written settlement between parties to a legal dispute written solely for that purpose, whether before, during, or after litigation, and the provisions thereof. (2) DISPARAGING STATEMENT. Any statement that does any of the following: a. Discredits or detracts from the reputation of a person's property, product, services, or business. b. Diminishes or depreciates a person by direct or indirect comparisons to anything invidious, scandalous, criminal, or loathsome. c. Raises doubts or questions about the quality, integrity, honesty, or character of a person or the person's affiliations. d. Discredits or detracts from the reputation of another's character, property, product, or business by disclosing truthful but private information. e. Discredits or detracts from the reputation of another's character, property, product, or business by disclosing truthful, but non-public information, or information gained within the context of a fiduciary relationship between the parties not otherwise protected by a trade secret statute. f. Is knowingly or recklessly made by a party that has clear and direct information that the statement was plainly false or misleading by its unreasonable incompleteness and that the communication of the misleading information would cause specific loss. (3) LIQUIDATED DAMAGES. The dollar sum that the parties have by the covered contract fixed or assessed as damages to be paid as compensation for a breach of contract. (4) PERSON. An individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, government subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.  (5) STATEMENT. Spoken words, remarks, comments, publications, opinions, and other expressions delivered orally, in writing, or through websites, blogs, postings to the Internet, emails, texts, or by other electronic means, whether done publicly or privately in one's own name, anonymously, or through the use of a pseudonym. (Act 2021-503, §2.)
AL Code § 8-1-222 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-222 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-222THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  (a) Non-disparagement obligations in covered contracts, whether unilateral, bilateral, or multilateral, shall be valid and enforceable for any period of time agreed to by the parties. (b) Except as otherwise prohibited by law, any covered contract between two or more persons or parties obligating one or more parties to the covered contract not to disparage one or more other parties to the covered contract is only enforceable by a civil action where all of the following elements are present: (1) The covered contract contains language prohibiting one or more of the parties from disparaging one or more of the other parties, and may include specifically named individuals who are affiliated with, are employed by, or are owners of one or more of the parties. (2) A disparaging statement is made by the person or party who is obligated not to make such statements. (3) Either of the following occur: a. The communication of the disparaging statement proximately results in identifiable damage to the plaintiff. b. The terms of the covered contract automatically activate a liquidated damages provision, as defined in Section 2. (c) Nothing in this article creates any cause of action for disparagement at law or equity absent a written non-disparagement obligation in the covered contract between the parties. (d) Nothing in this article has any effect on any other term, condition, or covenant in a covered contract that is not specifically stated in this article. (e) Nothing in this article prevents parties from having bilateral, unilateral, or multilateral non-disparagement obligations in other contracts, including, but not limited to, nondisclosure agreements. (Act 2021-503, §3.)
AL Code § 8-1-223 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 8 - Commercial Law and Consumer Protection.|Chapter 1 - Contracts.|Article 11 - Alabama Non-Disparagement Obligations Contract.|Section 8-1-223 - This Section Was Assigned by the Code Commissioner in the 2021 Regular Session, Effective January 1, 2022 This Is Not in the Current Code Supplement.

Section 8-1-223THIS SECTION WAS ASSIGNED BY THE CODE COMMISSIONER IN THE 2021 REGULAR SESSION, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2022 THIS IS NOT IN THE CURRENT CODE SUPPLEMENT.  In order to be valid and enforceable, a covered contract shall be in writing, signed by all parties, and supported by adequate consideration. (Act 2021-503, §4.)