reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 14-234 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-234 - Determination of no-passing zones. Overtaking and passing in no-passing zones.

 (a) The Office of the State Traffic Administration may determine those portions of any state highway where overtaking and passing or driving to the left of the highway would be especially hazardous and may by appropriate signs or markings on the highway indicate the beginning and end of such zones. A local traffic authority, as defined in section 14-297, may, in accordance with standards approved by the Office of the State Traffic Administration, determine and designate such no-passing zones on highways under its jurisdiction. When such signs or markings are in place and clearly visible to an ordinarily observant person, each driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions thereof. Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a violation of the provisions of this section shall be an infraction.(b) The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass, in a marked no-passing zone, pedestrians, parked or standing vehicles, animals, bicycles, electric bicycles, mopeds, scooters, electric foot scooters, vehicles moving at a slow speed, as defined in section 14-220, or obstructions on the right side of the highway, as listed in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 14-230, provided such overtaking and passing may be conducted safely, with adequate sight distance and without interfering with oncoming traffic or endangering traffic, as defined in section 14-297.(1955, S. 1386d; February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 21; P.A. 82-223, S. 16; P.A. 12-132, S. 17; P.A. 15-41, S. 1; P.A. 18-165, S. 9; P.A. 19-162, S. 7.)History: 1965 act deleted reference to state aid highway and allowed local traffic authorities to determine and designate no-passing zones on highways under their jurisdiction; P.A. 82-223 specified that violation of the section constituted an infraction; P.A. 12-132 replaced references to State Traffic Commission with references to Office of State Traffic Administration and made a technical change, effective July 1, 2012 (Revisor's note: References to “Office of State Traffic Administration” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Office of the State Traffic Administration” for accuracy); P.A. 15-41 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended same to add exception re Subsec. (b), and added Subsec. (b) re overtaking and passing in a no-passing zone, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 18-165 amended Subsec. (b) to add “electric bicycles,”; P.A. 19-162 amended Subsec. (b) to add “electric foot scooters,”.
CT Gen Stat § 14-235 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-235 - Vehicle not to be driven on left side of highway on curve or upgrade.

 No vehicle shall be driven to the left side of the highway (1) when approaching the crest of a grade or upon a curve or elsewhere in the highway where a free and unobstructed view of the highway ahead may not be had for a sufficient distance to insure driving with safety or (2) when approaching within one hundred feet of or crossing any intersection or railroad grade crossing. These limitations shall not apply on a one-way street or highway so designated by any traffic authority. Violation of any provision of this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1385d; P.A. 75-577, S. 78, 126.)History: P.A. 75-577 added statement that violation of provisions is an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.See Sec. 14-295 re assessment of double or treble damages.Cited. 149 C. 385; 150 C. 356; 206 C. 608; 208 C. 94.Cited. 4 CA 451.The only intent requisite to a conviction is the intent or purpose to do the prohibited act; without that intent, no crime has been committed. 24 CS 214.Where defendant contended that he was not aware of intersection, that there were no “no passing” signs and that he had no intent to commit prohibited act, held that affirmative proof of intent is not required; 24 CS 214 distinguished. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 9, 10, 11.
CT Gen Stat § 14-236 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-236 - Multiple-lane highways.

 When any highway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic, (1) a vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from such lane until the driver has ascertained that such movement can be made with safety, and (2) the Office of the State Traffic Administration may erect, on state highways, and local traffic authorities, in accordance with standards approved by the Office of the State Traffic Administration, may erect on highways under their jurisdiction, signs directing slow-moving traffic to use a designated lane or, with signs, signals or markings, may designate those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless of the center of the highway, and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of each such sign, signal or marking. Violation of subdivision (1) of this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1388d; February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 22; P.A. 75-577, S. 79, 126; P.A. 12-132, S. 18.)History: 1965 act deleted reference to state aid highways and added provision re local traffic authorities; P.A. 75-577 stated that violation of Subdiv. (1) is an infraction; P.A. 12-132 replaced “State Traffic Commission” with “Office of the State Traffic Administration” and made a technical change, effective July 1, 2012.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.See Sec. 14-295 re assessment of double or treble damages.Cited. 161 C. 204. Whether defendant violated section and such violation was the proximate cause of plaintiff's damage are questions for the jury. 167 C. 533. Cited. 171 C. 35. Cited in jury charge. 172 C. 29. Cited. 206 C. 608; 211 C. 690.Cited. 4 CA 451; 11 CA 11; 29 CA 512; 34 CA 189; 46 CA 633.Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 441; 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 695.
CT Gen Stat § 14-237 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-237 - Driving on divided highways.

 When any highway has been divided into two roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section, each vehicle shall be driven only upon the right-hand roadway and no vehicle shall be driven over or across any such dividing space, barrier or section, except through an opening or at a crossover or intersection established by public authority. Violation of any provision of this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1389d; P.A. 75-577, S. 80, 126.)History: P.A. 75-577 stated that violation of provisions is an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.See Sec. 14-295 re assessment of double or treble damages.To require affirmative proof of an intent to commit the act prohibited would import into statute a requirement never contemplated by the legislature; where the course of a motor vehicle is contrary to statute, it is usually a permissible inference that the operator of the vehicle was the responsible agent in causing it to take that course. 150 C. 35. Cited. 161 C. 204; 191 C. 266; 206 C. 608; 234 C. 660.Cited. 1 CA 517; 4 CA 451.An esplanade dividing northbound and southbound roadways is sufficient “intervening space”; knowledge or intention forms no element of the offense; the act alone, irrespective of its motive, constitutes the crime. 23 CS 197. Cited. 38 CS 675.
CT Gen Stat § 14-238 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-238 - Controlled-access highways.

 No person shall drive a vehicle onto or from any controlled-access highway except at such entrances and exits as are established by public authority. Violation of this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1390d; P.A. 75-577, S. 81, 126.)History: P.A. 75-577 stated that violation of section is an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.See Sec. 14-295 re assessment of double or treble damages.Cited. 161 C. 204; 206 C. 608.Cited. 4 CA 451.
CT Gen Stat § 14-238a. (Formerly Sec. 13a-59) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-238a. (Formerly Sec. 13a-59) - Illegal entry on limited access highway.

 Entry upon a limited access highway at any place other than a highway intersection or designated point as provided in section 13b-27 shall be an infraction.(1949 Rev., S. 2239; 1958 Rev., S. 13-120; 1963, P.A. 226, S. 59; 587; 1969, P.A. 768, S. 79; P.A. 75-577, S. 82, 126.)History: 1963 acts restated previous provisions and added provision for $25 maximum fine; Sec. 13a-59 transferred to Sec. 14-238a in 1969; 1969 act deleted provisions re powers of commissioner with respect to limited access highways; P.A. 75-577 replaced fine provision with statement that violation of section is an infraction and substituted “Entry upon” for “Any person who enters”.See Sec. 13b-27 re commissioner's authority to designate and regulate limited access highways.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.Cited. 206 C. 608.Cited. 4 CA 451.
CT Gen Stat § 14-239 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-239 - One-way streets. Rotaries or roundabouts.

 (a) The Office of the State Traffic Administration may designate any state highway and local traffic authorities may designate streets and highways under their jurisdiction for one-way traffic and shall erect signs, devices or markings conforming to the standards of the Office of the State Traffic Administration giving notice thereof. Upon any highway so designated a vehicle shall be driven only in the direction indicated.(b) A vehicle passing around a rotary or roundabout shall have the right of way over entering vehicles and shall be driven only to the right of such rotary or roundabout, unless otherwise directed by signs.(c) Violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1391d; February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 23; P.A. 75-577, S. 83, 126; P.A. 05-210, S. 25; P.A. 12-132, S. 19.)History: 1965 act deleted obsolete reference to state aid highways and added provisions re local traffic authorities and traffic commission standards in Subsec. (a); P.A. 75-577 added Subsec. (c); P.A. 05-210 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “rotary traffic island” with “rotary or roundabout”, specifying vehicles within rotary have right-of-way over entering vehicles and deleting “or unless the length of the vehicle makes such movement impracticable”, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 12-132 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “State Traffic Commission” with “Office of the State Traffic Administration” and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2012.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.See Sec. 14-295 re assessment of double or treble damages.Cited. 159 C. 91; 206 C. 608.Cited. 4 CA 451.
CT Gen Stat § 14-240 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-240 - Vehicles to be driven reasonable distance apart.

 (a) No person operating a motor vehicle shall follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having regard for the speed of such vehicles, the traffic upon and the condition of the highway and weather conditions.(b) No person operating a motor vehicle shall drive such vehicle in such proximity to another vehicle as to obstruct or impede traffic.(c) Motor vehicles being driven upon any highway in a caravan shall be so operated as to allow sufficient space between such vehicles or combination of vehicles to enable any other vehicle to enter and occupy such space without danger. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to funeral processions or to motor vehicles under official escort or traveling under a special permit.(d) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall have committed an infraction, except that (1) any person operating a commercial vehicle combination in violation of any such provision shall have committed a violation and shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one hundred fifty dollars, or (2) if the violation results in a motor vehicle accident, such person shall have committed a violation and shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than two hundred dollars.(1955, S. 1392d; P.A. 75-577, S. 84, 126; P.A. 84-372, S. 6, 9; P.A. 96-180, S. 42, 166; P.A. 18-164, S. 29.)History: P.A. 75-577 added Subsec. (d); P.A. 84-372 established higher penalty for person operating a commercial vehicle combination; P.A. 96-180 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 18-164 amended Subsec. (d) to designate existing provision re operation of commercial vehicle combination as Subdiv. (1) and add Subdiv. (2) re violation resulting in motor vehicle accident, and made technical and conforming changes.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.See Sec. 14-260n for definition of “commercial vehicle combination”.Cited. 148 C. 266; 150 C. 217. Request to charge statute must be made. 154 C. 381. Cited. 160 C. 128; 166 C. 152; 171 C. 303; 180 C. 415; 185 C. 483; 206 C. 608; 217 C. 73; 231 C. 930. Statute is directed against practice of “tailgating”. 234 C. 401. Cited. Id., 408.Cited. 4 CA 451; 11 CA 122; 17 CA 209. Application of “following too closely” statute discussed; statute directed against practice of “tailgating”; legislature did not intend provisions of statute to apply in all rear-end collisions. 35 CA 464.Cited. 29 CS 21; 39 CS 228.Statute not limited to situations where car ahead is moving. 2 Conn. Cir. Ct. 487. Cited. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 107; 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 697.
CT Gen Stat § 14-240a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-240a - Vehicles to be driven reasonable distance apart. Intent to harass or intimidate.

 (a) No person operating a motor vehicle shall follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having regard for the speed of such vehicles, the traffic upon and the condition of the roadway or highway and weather conditions, with the intent to harass or intimidate the operator of the preceding motor vehicle.(b) Any person who violates the provisions of this section shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than three hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than thirty days or be both fined and imprisoned for the first offense and for each subsequent offense shall be fined not more than six hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than one year or be both fined and imprisoned.(P.A. 84-516, S. 6.)See Sec. 14-111g operator's retraining program.Cited. 206 C. 608.Cited. 4 CA 451; 9 CA 686.
CT Gen Stat § 14-243 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-243 - Starting or backing vehicle.

 (a) No person shall move a vehicle which is stopped, standing or parked unless such movement can be made with reasonable safety and without interfering with other traffic, nor without signalling as provided by section 14-244.(b) No person shall back a vehicle unless such movement can be made with reasonable safety and without interfering with other traffic.(c) Violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1396d; February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 25; P.A. 75-577, S. 87, 126.)History: 1965 act added “and without interfering with other traffic” to Subsec. (a); P.A. 75-577 added Subsec. (c).See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.In request to charge, party must employ greater specificity than mere paraphrase of certain portions of statute without hint of their applicability to, or operative effect on, the case. 149 C. 541. Cited. 180 C. 137.Cited. 3 CA 391.Cited. 10 CS 68.
CT Gen Stat § 14-244 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-244 - Signals.

 Any stop or turn signal required by section 14-242 or 14-243 may be given either by means of the hand and arm or by a signal lamp or lamps or mechanical signal device. Hand signals shall be as follows: (1) To stop or decrease speed: Hand and arm extended downward; (2) to turn left or to leave or draw away from a curb or the edge of the highway: Hand and arm extended horizontally with forefinger pointed; (3) to turn right: Hand and arm extended upward. Each operator of a motor vehicle who makes a turn signal by means of signal lamps or mechanical signal device shall turn in the direction indicated and return such signal to the nonoperating position immediately after completing the movement for which a signal has been given. Violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1395d; 1957, P.A. 137; 1971, P.A. 23; P.A. 75-577, S. 88, 126.)History: 1971 act changed hand signals for stopping or decreasing speed and for making right turn; P.A. 75-577 stated that violation of provisions is an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.Backing in highway without signal. 108 C. 562; 111 C. 364. Cited. 114 C. 421. Mere act of turning is not sufficient signal. 115 C. 468. Statute is not limited to vehicles operated on traveled portion. 116 C. 253. Stoplight to be adequate signal must light up before stopping begins. 117 C. 615. Instructions to jury concerning change of direction. 121 C. 509. Failure to signal affords basis of recovery only if proximate cause of damage. 122 C. 262. Hand signal is not required in preference to mechanical signal. Id., 217; 127 C. 288. Failure to signal as not a substantial factor. 125 C. 75. Stopping without signal; duty of driver following to use reasonable care. Id., 472. Failure to signal as a substantial factor in producing accident. 127 C. 313. Cited. 129 C. 537. Failing to signal intention of slackening and changing direction. 130 C. 381. Jury could find that proper signals were given. 135 C. 627. Violation is negligence per se but charge held adequate which stated that statute required a certain course of action. 146 C. 10. Cited. 149 C. 371, 372. Where, in special defense of contributory negligence, defendant's alleged failure to use care of reasonably prudent person, to keep proper lookout and to operate automobile in such manner as to prevent collision, reference by court in its charge to statute was proper. Id., 386. Cited. 154 C. 615; 155 C. 409. Whether defendant violated section and such violation was the proximate cause of plaintiff's damage are questions for the jury. 167 C. 533.Cited. 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 694.
CT Gen Stat § 14-246 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-246 - Right-of-way at intersection turn.

 Section 14-246 is repealed.(1955, S. 1398d; February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 26; 1971, P.A. 66, S. 2.)
CT Gen Stat § 14-246a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-246a - Right-of-way at junction of highways.

 The driver of any vehicle on a highway which joins but does not cross another highway shall, unless otherwise directed by a traffic officer, grant the right-of-way at the point where such highways join to any vehicle approaching on the other highway from either direction when such vehicles are arriving at approximately the same time at the area which would be common to both highways if they crossed each other. Failure to grant the right-of-way as provided by this section shall be an infraction.(1971, P.A. 299, S. 2; P.A. 75-577, S. 90, 126.)History: P.A. 75-577 stated that failure to grant right-of-way is an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.
CT Gen Stat § 14-247 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-247 - Right-of-way at driveway or private road.

 The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a highway from a private road or driveway shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching on such highway. Failure to grant the right-of-way as provided by this section shall be an infraction.(1955, S. 1399d; P.A. 75-577, S. 91, 126.)History: P.A. 75-577 made failure to grant right-of-way an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.See Sec. 14-295 re assessment of double or treble damages.Annotations to former section:Rule denying right-of-way to user of private way is not merely an exception to rule that car on right has right-of-way at intersection; duty of operator coming out of private way is to give vehicle on highway fair and reasonable opportunity to pass. 110 C. 358. Cited. 117 C. 699. User of private way has no right to drive out when this involves danger of collision. 127 C. 374.Cited. 9 CS 142. Entry onto public highway from a private driveway discussed. 10 CS 183.Annotations to present section:Cited. 206 C. 608.Cited. 4 CA 451.
CT Gen Stat § 14-247a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-247a - Right-of-way yielded by one emerging from alley, driveway or building.

 The driver of a vehicle within a business or residence area, emerging from an alley, driveway or building, shall stop such vehicle immediately prior to driving onto a sidewalk or onto the sidewalk area extending across any alleyway or driveway, and shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian as may be necessary to avoid collision, and upon entering the roadway shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching on such roadway. Violation of any provision of this section shall be an infraction.(February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 27; P.A. 75-577, S. 92, 126.)History: P.A. 75-577 stated that violation of provisions is an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.
CT Gen Stat § 14-248 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-248 - Cattle crossings.

 Section 14-248 is repealed.(1955, S. 1400d; February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 44.)
CT Gen Stat § 14-248a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 14 - Motor Vehicles. Use of the Highway by Vehicles. Gasoline|Chapter 248 - Vehicle Highway Use|Section 14-248a - Cattle crossings.

 The Commissioner of Transportation, or the local traffic authority on highways under its jurisdiction, shall control the placing of cattle crossing signs within the limits of the traveled portion of the roadway of any public highway. No such cattle crossing sign shall be so placed without the securing of a permit from said commissioner or such traffic authority, as the case may be, which permit shall specify the size, color, wording and placement of such signs. Cattle crossing signs shall be so placed only when animals are actually crossing or are about to cross the roadway. When such signs are in position, the operator of any vehicle shall appropriately reduce speed or stop if necessary to avoid endangering or striking any animal crossing the roadway. Failure to reduce speed or stop in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be an infraction.(February, 1965, P.A. 448, S. 28; 1969, P.A. 768, S. 141; P.A. 75-577, S. 93, 126.)History: 1969 act replaced highway commissioner with commissioner of transportation; P.A. 75-577 stated that failure to reduce speed or stop as specified in section is an infraction.See Sec. 14-111g re operator's retraining program.