reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 8-4-120 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 4 - Wages|§ 8-4-120. Discrimination Prohibited - Employee Protections

 [ ] No employer shall intimidate, threaten, restrain, coerce, blacklist, discharge, or in any manner discriminate against any employee who has filed any complaint or instituted or caused to be instituted any proceeding under this article 4 or related law or who has testified or may testify in any proceeding on behalf of himself, herself, or another regarding afforded protections under this article 4. Any employer who violates the provisions of this section commits a class 2 misdemeanor.  Editor's note: This version of this section is effective March 1, 2022.  History. Source: L. 2003: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 1862, § 1, effective August 6. L. 2021: Entire section amended,(SB 21-271), ch. 462, p. 3141, § 88, effective March 1, 2022.
CO Code § 8-4-121 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 4 - Wages|§ 8-4-121. Nonwaiver of Employee Rights

 Any agreement, written or oral, by any employee purporting to waive or to modify such employee's rights in violation of this article shall be void.   History. Source: L. 2003: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 1862, § 1, effective August 6.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 8-4-125 as it existed prior to 2003, and the former § 8-4-121 was relocated to § 8-4-118 .   ANNOTATION   Annotator's note. Since § 8-4-121 is similar to § 8-4-125 as it existed prior to the 2003 amendment to article 4, which resulted in the relocation of provisions, relevant cases construing that provision have been included in the annotations to this section.   This section, by its plain language, voids any agreement, written or oral, that constitutes a waiver or modification of any employee's rights under the Wage Claim Act. Morris v. Towers Fin. Corp., 916 P.2d 678 (Colo. App. 1996).   The plain meaning of this section is that an agreement to arbitrate that conflicts with the rights established by the Wage Claim Act cannot be enforced against the employee. Lambdin v. Dist. Ct. of Arapahoe Cty., 903 P.2d 1126 (Colo. 1995).   The supremacy clause governs when the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) applies to an employment contract and requires arbitration even in a Colorado Wage Claim Act (CWCA) claim despite the firm state policy that CWCA claims should not be subject to arbitration. Where a contract containing an arbitration clause evidences a transaction involving commerce, the FAA applies and the agreement to arbitrate must be enforced. Grohn v. Sisters of Charity Health, 960 P.2d 722 (Colo. App. 1998); Byerly v. Kirkpatrick Pettis Smith Polian, Inc., 996 P.2d 771 (Colo. App. 2000).   The FAA preempts this section to the extent that an agreement to arbitrate a dispute relating to employee compensation is not void and that public policy is not thereby offended. Byerly v. Kirkpatrick Pettis Smith Polian, Inc., 996 P.2d 771 (Colo. App. 2000).   This section does not create a substantive entitlement to payment independent of an employment agreement; therefore an employment agreement that states that accrued but unused vacation pay is not payable if the employee is fired or fails to give two weeks notice does not violate the CWCA. Nieto v. Clark's Market, 2019 COA 98 , __ P.3d __.   Since Wage Claim Act does not create a substantive right to compensation for labor and services performed, employee's right to compensation is governed by the employment agreement and not by the statute; therefore, employment contract is not void under this section. Barnes v. Van Schaack Mortg., 787 P.2d 207 (Colo. App. 1990).   Arbitration provision in an employment contract that denies the employee the right to a timely civil action in a Colorado court pursuant to § 8-2-123 is void. Lambdin v. Dist. Ct. of Arapahoe Ct., 903 P.2d 1126 (Colo. 1995).
CO Code § 8-4-122 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 4 - Wages|§ 8-4-122. Limitation of Actions

 All actions brought pursuant to this article shall be commenced within two years after the cause of action accrues and not after that time; except that all actions brought for a willful violation of this article shall be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues and not after that time.   History. Source: L. 2003: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 1862, § 1, effective August 6.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 8-4-126 as it existed prior to 2003, and the former § 8-4-122 was relocated to § 8-4-119 .   ANNOTATION   A terminated employee may seek any wages or compensation that was unpaid at the time of termination pursuant to § 8-4-109 . However, the right to seek such wages or compensation is subject to the statute of limitations found in this section. Hernandez v. Ray Domenico Farms, Inc., 2018 CO 15, 414 P.3d 700.
CO Code § 8-4-124 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 4 - Wages|§ 8-4-124. Third-Party Food Delivery Services - Prohibitions - Penalties - Definitions

  As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:   “Retail food establishment” means a retail food establishment, as defined in section 25-4-1602 (14), that pays an annual license fee as required by section 25-4-1607 (1)(a), (1.5)(a)(I), or (1.5)(b)(I). “Retail food establishment” does not include grocery stores or convenience stores.    “Third-party delivery service platform” means a third-party food delivery service's online or mobile platform on which a consumer can view and order available products.    “Third-party food delivery service” means any company or website, mobile application, or other internet service that offers or arranges for the sale and same-day delivery or same-day pickup of prepared food or beverages from a retail food establishment.       A third-party food delivery service shall not take and arrange for the delivery or pickup of an order from a retail food establishment without the retail food establishment's consent.    A retail food establishment included on a third-party delivery service platform in violation of subsection (2) of this section may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction for damages, a civil penalty not to exceed one thousand dollars per violation, and injunctive relief. The prevailing party in an action brought pursuant to this subsection (3) is entitled to reasonable attorney fees.     History. Source: L. 2021: Entire section added, (SB 21-035), ch. 208, p. 1083, § 1, effective September 7.
CO Code § 8-6-101.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-101.5. Minimum Wage for Agricultural Workers - Rest Periods - Overwork Protections - Definition

     On and after January 1, 2022, except as provided in subsection (1)(b) of this section, the minimum wage requirements of section 15 of article XVIII of the state constitution, and any minimum wage laws enacted pursuant to this article 6, apply to agricultural employers employing agricultural workers.    The Colorado minimum wage that an agricultural employer must pay to an agricultural worker who is principally engaged in the range production of livestock, as described in 29 CFR 780.323 to 29 CFR 780.329, on the open range is:   Beginning January 1, 2022, and through December 31, 2022, five hundred fifteen dollars per week; and    Beginning January 1, 2023, the minimum wage required in the prior calendar year adjusted annually as measured by the United States department of labor's bureau of labor statistics consumer price index for Denver-Aurora-Lakewood or its predecessor or successor index. The director may set a higher minimum wage than is required in this subsection (1)(b)(II) consistent with the director's authority and duties, including under this article 6.            An agricultural worker is entitled to an uninterrupted and duty-free meal period of at least a thirty-minute duration when the agricultural worker's shift exceeds five consecutive hours. The meal periods, to the extent practicable, must be at least one hour after the start, and one hour before the end, of the shift. An agricultural worker must be relieved of all duties and permitted to pursue personal activities for a period to qualify as nonwork, uncompensated time. If the nature of the business activities or other circumstances makes the uninterrupted meal period impractical, the agricultural employee must be permitted to consume an on-duty meal while performing duties. An agricultural employee must be permitted to fully consume a meal of choice while working and be fully compensated for the on-duty meal period without any loss of time or compensation.    An agricultural worker is entitled to an uninterrupted and duty-free rest period of at least ten minutes within each four hours of work.    This subsection (2) does not apply to a truck driver whose sole and principal duty is to haul livestock or to a combine or harvester operator while harvesting.       As used in this section, “agricultural worker” has the meaning set forth in section 8-13.5-201 (3).      History. Source: L. 2021: Entire section added, (SB 21-087), ch. 337, p. 2176, § 3, effective June 25.
CO Code § 8-6-102 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-102. Construction

 Whenever this article or any part thereof is interpreted by any court, it shall be liberally construed by such court.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 389, § 22. C.L. § 4282. CSA: C. 97, § 256. CRS 53: § 80-9-20. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-20. History. Source: L. 17: P. 389, § 22. C.L. § 4282. CSA: C. 97, § 256. CRS 53: § 80-9-20. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-20.
CO Code § 8-6-103 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-103. Definitions

 As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:       Repealed.    “Director” means the director of the division of labor standards and statistics.    “Division” means the division of labor standards and statistics in the department of labor and employment.    “Minor” means any person of either sex under the age of eighteen years.    “Occupation” means every vocation, trade, pursuit, and industry.    Repealed.     History. Source: L. 17: Pp. 380, 382, §§ 2, 5, 7. C.L. §§ 4263, 4266, 4268. CSA: C. 97, §§ 237, 240, 242. CRS 53: §§ 80-9-2, 80-9-4, 80-9-6. C.R.S. 1963: §§ 80-7-2, 80-7-4, 80-7-6. L. 69: Pp. 604, 605, §§ 86, 87, 89. L. 77: (7) repealed, p. 432, § 13, effective July 1. L. 86: (1) and (2) repealed, p. 502, § 125, effective July 1. L. 2016: (3) and (4) amended,(HB 16-1323), ch. 131, p. 378, § 12, effective August 10. History. Source: L. 17: Pp. 380, 382, §§ 2, 5, 7. C.L. §§ 4263, 4266, 4268. CSA: C. 97, §§ 237, 240, 242. CRS 53: §§ 80-9-2, 80-9-4, 80-9-6. C.R.S. 1963: §§ 80-7-2, 80-7-4, 80-7-6. L. 69: Pp. 604, 605, §§ 86, 87, 89. L. 77: (7) repealed, p. 432, § 13, effective July 1. L. 86: (1) and (2) repealed, p. 502, § 125, effective July 1. L. 2016: (3) and (4) amended,(HB 16-1323), ch. 131, p. 378, § 12, effective August 10.    Cross references:   For the division of labor and the director of the division of labor and their powers and duties, see article 1 of this title.
CO Code § 8-6-104 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-104. Wages Shall Be Adequate - Conditions Healthful and Moral

 It is unlawful to employ workers in any occupation within the state of Colorado for wages which are inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living and to maintain the health of the workers so employed. It is unlawful to employ workers in any occupation within this state under conditions of labor detrimental to their health or morals.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 381, § 4. C.L. § 4265. CSA: C. 97, § 239. CRS 53: § 80-9-3. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-3. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 428, § 3, effective July 1. History. Source: L. 17: P. 381, § 4. C.L. § 4265. CSA: C. 97, § 239. CRS 53: § 80-9-3. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-3. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 428, § 3, effective July 1.    Cross references:   For the payment of wages generally, see article 4 of this title 8; for wage equality, see article 5 of this title 8; for the “Colorado Youth Employment Opportunity Act of 1971”, see article 12 of this title 8; for the eight-hour workday requirement, see article 13 of this title 8; for the general protection of building employees, see article 14 of this title 8.   ANNOTATION   Not exception to rule of employment at will. Statutory pronouncement that makes it unlawful to “employ workers in any occupation within this state under conditions of labor detrimental to their health or morals” is a broad, general statement of policy that is inadequate to justify adoption of an exception to the rule that an indefinite general hiring is terminable at will by either party to the employment. Corbin v. Sinclair Marketing, Inc., 684 P.2d 265 (Colo. App. 1984).
CO Code § 8-6-105 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-105. Director to Investigate

 It is the duty of the director to inquire into the wages paid to employees and into the conditions of labor surrounding said employees in any occupation in this state if the director has reason to believe that said conditions of labor are detrimental to the health or morals of said employees or that the wages paid to a substantial number of employees are inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living and to maintain such employees in health. At the request of not less than twenty-five persons engaged in any occupation, the director shall forthwith make such investigation as is provided in this article. Such investigation may be made at any time, upon the initiative of the director.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 381, § 5. C.L. § 4266. CSA: C. 97, § 240. CRS 53: § 80-9-4. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-4. L. 69: P. 604, § 87. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 429, § 4, effective July 1. History. Source: L. 17: P. 381, § 5. C.L. § 4266. CSA: C. 97, § 240. CRS 53: § 80-9-4. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-4. L. 69: P. 604, § 87. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 429, § 4, effective July 1.
CO Code § 8-6-106 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-106. Determination of Minimum Wage and Conditions

 The director shall determine the minimum wages sufficient for living wages for persons of ordinary ability, including minimum wages sufficient for living wages, whether paid according to time rate or piece rate; the minimum wages sufficient for living wages for learners and apprentices; standards of conditions of labor and hours of employment not detrimental to health or morals for workers; and what are unreasonably long hours. In all such determinations, the director shall be bound by the provisions of this article and of section 15 of article XVIII of the state constitution; except that, if a higher minimum wage rate is established by applicable federal law or rules, the director shall be bound by such federal law or rules.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 382, § 6. C.L. § 4267. CSA: C. 97, § 241. CRS 53: § 80-9-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-5. L. 69: P. 604, § 88. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 429, § 5, effective July 1. L. 2007: Entire section amended, p. 46, § 1, effective March 14. History. Source: L. 17: P. 382, § 6. C.L. § 4267. CSA: C. 97, § 241. CRS 53: § 80-9-5. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-5. L. 69: P. 604, § 88. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 429, § 5, effective July 1. L. 2007: Entire section amended, p. 46, § 1, effective March 14.
CO Code § 8-6-107 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-107. Powers of Director - Duty of Employer

  The director, for the purposes of this article, has power to investigate and ascertain the conditions of labor and the wages in the different occupations, whether paid by time rate or piece rate, in the state of Colorado. The director has power, in person or through any authorized representative, to inspect and examine and make excerpts from any books, reports, contracts, payrolls, documents, papers, and other records of any employer that in any way pertain to the question of wages and to require from any such employer full and true statements of the wages paid.    Every employer shall keep a register of the names, ages, dates of employment, and residence addresses of all employees. It is the duty of every such employer, whether a person, firm, or corporation, to furnish to the director, upon request, any reports or information which the director may require to carry out the purposes of this article, such reports and information to be verified by the oath of the person, or a member of the firm or the president, secretary, or manager of the corporation, furnishing the same if and when so requested by the director; and the director or any authorized representative shall be allowed free access to the place of business of such employer for the purpose of making any investigation authorized by this article.     History. Source: L. 17: P. 382, § 7. C.L. § 4268. CSA: C. 97, § 242. CRS 53: § 80-9-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-6. L. 69: P. 605, § 89. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 429, § 6, effective July 1. History. Source: L. 17: P. 382, § 7. C.L. § 4268. CSA: C. 97, § 242. CRS 53: § 80-9-6. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-6. L. 69: P. 605, § 89. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 429, § 6, effective July 1.
CO Code § 8-6-108 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-108. Public Hearings - Witness Fees - Contempt - Director to Make Rules

  The director may hold public hearings at such times and places as he deems proper for the purpose of investigating any of the matters he is authorized to investigate by this article at which hearings employers, employees, or other interested persons may appear and give testimony as to the matter under consideration. The director has the power to subpoena and compel the attendance of any witness and to administer oaths, also, by subpoena, to compel the production of any books, papers, or other evidence at any public hearing of the director or at any session of any wage board. All witnesses subpoenaed by said director shall be paid the same mileage and per diem as are allowed by law to witnesses in civil cases before the district court of the state of Colorado. If any person fails to attend as a witness or to bring with him any books, papers, or other evidence when subpoenaed by the director or refuses to testify when ordered so to do, the director may apply to any district court in this state to compel obedience on the part of such person. The district court shall thereupon compel obedience by proceedings for contempt as in cases of disobedience of any order of said court in a proceeding pending before said court. The director shall not be bound by the technical rules of evidence. Said director may hold meetings for the transaction of any of his business at such times and places as he prescribes.    The director has power to make reasonable and proper rules and procedure and to enforce said rules and procedure.     History. Source: L. 17: P. 383, § 8. C.L. § 4269. CSA: C. 97, § 243. CRS 53: § 80-9-7. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-7. L. 64: P. 288, § 218. L. 69: P. 605, § 90. L. 73: P. 1409, § 60. L. 86: (2) amended, p. 472, § 32, effective July 1. History. Source: L. 17: P. 383, § 8. C.L. § 4269. CSA: C. 97, § 243. CRS 53: § 80-9-7. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-7. L. 64: P. 288, § 218. L. 69: P. 605, § 90. L. 73: P. 1409, § 60. L. 86: (2) amended, p. 472, § 32, effective July 1.    Cross references.   For witness and mileage fees, see §§ 13-33-102 and 13-33-103 ; for proceedings for contempt, see C.R.C.P. 107.
CO Code § 8-6-108.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-108.5. Minimum Wage - Rules

  Effective July 1, 1977, the minimum wage for minors may be fifteen percent below the minimum wage for other workers; except that the full minimum wage shall be paid to any emancipated minor. An emancipated minor shall mean any individual less than eighteen years of age who:   Has the sole or primary responsibility for his own support;    Is married and living away from parents or guardian;    Is able to show that his well-being is substantially dependent upon being gainfully employed.       Repealed.    The director may issue only such rules as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this article and as are consistent with the purposes and intent of section 8-6-101 and section 15 of article XVIII of the state constitution; except that, if a higher minimum wage rate is established by applicable federal law or rules, the director's rules shall be consistent with such federal law or rules.     History. Source: L. 77: Entire section added, p. 430, § 7, effective July 1. L. 93: (2) amended, p. 1630, § 3, effective July 1. L. 2007: (3) amended, p. 46, § 2, effective March 14. L. 2021: (2) repealed,(SB 21-039), ch. 380, p. 2543, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   Section 9 of chapter 380 (SB 21-039), Session Laws of Colorado 2021, provides that the act changing this section applies to wages paid on or after July 1, 2021.
CO Code § 8-6-110 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 8 - Labor and Industry|Article 6 - Minimum Wages of Workers|§ 8-6-110. Wage Board - Duties - Report - Quorum

 The director may transmit to each wage board all pertinent information in his possession relative to the wages paid or material to the subject of inquiry of the occupation in question. Each wage board shall endeavor to determine, if requested so to do by the director, the standard conditions of employment; the minimum wage, whether by time rate or piece rate, adequate to maintain in health and to supply with the necessary cost of living an employee of ordinary ability in the occupation in question, or in any branches thereof; and suitable minimum wages, graded, so far as practicable, on a rising scale toward the minimum allowed experienced workers, for learners and apprentices. When a majority of the members of a wage board agree upon standard conditions of employment or minimum wage board determinations, they shall report such determinations to the director, together with the reasons therefor and the facts relating thereto. A majority of the members of any such wage board shall constitute a quorum.   History. Source: L. 17: P. 385, § 10. C.L. § 4271. CSA: C. 97, § 245. CRS 53: § 80-9-9. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-9. L. 69: P. 606, § 92. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 430, § 9, effective July 1. History. Source: L. 17: P. 385, § 10. C.L. § 4271. CSA: C. 97, § 245. CRS 53: § 80-9-9. C.R.S. 1963: § 80-7-9. L. 69: P. 606, § 92. L. 77: Entire section amended, p. 430, § 9, effective July 1.    ANNOTATION   Pursuant to Colorado's Minimum Wage Act, the director of the Colorado division of labor has been delegated the authority to investigate and determine the wages and employment conditions in certain occupations. If, following such investigation, the director finds that employment conditions in any industry endanger employees' health or morals, the director may directly or through a “wage board” adopt a wage order to establish minimum wage rates and standard conditions of employment in the affected industry. Weissman v. Crawford Rehab. Servs., 914 P.2d 380 (Colo. App. 1995).