reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Corp Code § 12251 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 2 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 12251.

12251.  “Verified” means that the statements contained in a certificate or other document are declared to be true of the own knowledge of the persons executing the same in either:(a) An affidavit signed by them under oath before an officer authorized by the laws of this state or of the place where it is executed to administer oaths; or (b) A declaration in writing executed by them under penalty of perjury and stating the date and place (whether within or without this state) of execution.Any affidavit sworn to without this state before a notary public or a judge or clerk of a court of record having an official seal need not be further authenticated.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1625, Sec. 3. Operative January 1, 1984.)
CA Corp Code § 12252 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 2 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 12252.

12252.  “Vote” includes, but is not limited to, authorization by written consent pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 12351 and authorization by written ballot pursuant to Section 12463.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1625, Sec. 3. Operative January 1, 1984.)
CA Corp Code § 12253 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 2 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 12253.

12253.  (a) “Voting power” means the power to vote for the election of directors at the time any determination of voting power is made and does not include the right to vote upon the happening of some condition or event that has not yet occurred. (b) If different classes of memberships are entitled to vote as separate classes for different members of the board, the determination of percentage of voting power shall be made on the basis of the percentage of the total number of authorized directors that the memberships in question (whether of one or more classes) have the power to elect in an election at which all memberships then entitled to vote for the election of any directors are voted.(c) Community investor voting power in a worker cooperative shall be provided in the articles or bylaws, and is limited to approval rights only over a merger, sale of major assets, reorganization, or dissolution. Approval rights shall not include the right to propose any action.(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 192, Sec. 9. (AB 816) Effective January 1, 2016.)
CA Corp Code § 12253.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 2 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 12253.5.

12253.5.  “Worker cooperative” or “employment cooperative” means a corporation formed under this part that includes a class of worker-members who are natural persons whose patronage consists of labor contributed to or other work performed for the corporation. Election to be organized as a worker cooperative or an employment cooperative does not create a presumption that workers are employees of the corporation for any purposes. At least 51 percent of the workers shall be worker-members or candidates.(Added by Stats. 2015, Ch. 192, Sec. 10. (AB 816) Effective January 1, 2016.)
CA Corp Code § 12254 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 2 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 12254.

12254.  “Written” or “in writing” includes facsimile, telegraphic, and other electronic communication as authorized by this code.(Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 254, Sec. 35. Effective January 1, 2005.)
CA Corp Code § 12255 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 2 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 12255.

12255.  “Written ballot” does not include a ballot distributed at a special or regular meeting of members.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1625, Sec. 3. Operative January 1, 1984.)
CA Corp Code § 12256 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 2 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 12256.

12256.  A central organization is a corporation whose membership is composed, in whole or in part, of other corporations organized under this part.(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 792, Sec. 7.)
CA Corp Code § 12300 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 3 - Formation|Section 12300.

12300.  (a) One or more persons may form a corporation under this part by executing and filing articles of incorporation.(b) Where initial directors are named in the articles, each director named in the articles shall sign and acknowledge the articles. Where initial directors are not named in the articles, the articles shall be signed by a person or persons described in subdivision (a) who thereupon are the incorporators of the corporation.(c) The corporate existence begins upon the filing of the articles and continues perpetually, unless otherwise expressly provided by law or in the articles.(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 792, Sec. 8.)
CA Corp Code § 12301 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 3 - Formation|Section 12301.

12301.  (a) In the case of an existing unincorporated association, the association may change its status to that of a corporation upon a proper authorization for such by the association in accordance with its rules and procedures.(b) In addition to the matters required to be set forth in the articles pursuant to Section 12310, the articles in the case of an incorporation authorized by subdivision (a) shall set forth that an existing unincorporated association, stating its name, is being incorporated by the filing of the articles.(c) The articles filed pursuant to this section shall be accompanied by a verified statement of any two officers or governing board members of the association stating that the incorporation of the association by means of the articles to which the verified statement is attached has been approved by the association in accordance with its rules and procedures.(d) Upon the change of status of an unincorporated association to a corporation pursuant to subdivision (a), the property of the association becomes the property of the corporation and the members of the association who have any voting rights of the type referred to in Section 12238 become members of the corporation. (e) The filing for record in the office of the county recorder of any county in this state in which any of the real property of the association is located, of a copy of the articles of incorporation filed pursuant to this section, certified by the Secretary of State, shall evidence record ownership in the corporation of all interests of the association in and to the real property located in that county.(f) All rights of creditors and all liens upon the property of the association shall be preserved unimpaired. Any action or proceeding pending by or against the unincorporated association may be prosecuted to judgment, which shall bind the corporation, or the corporation may be proceeded against or substituted in its place.(g) If a corporation is organized by a person who is or was an officer, director or member of an unincorporated association and such corporation is not organized pursuant to subdivision (a), the unincorporated association may continue to use its name and the corporation may not use a name which is the same as or similar to the name of the unincorporated association.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1625, Sec. 3. Operative January 1, 1984.)
CA Corp Code § 12302 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 3 - Formation|Section 12302.

12302.  (a) The Secretary of State shall not file articles setting forth a name in which “bank,” “trust,” “trustee,” or related words appear, unless the certificate of approval of the Commissioner of Business Oversight is attached thereto.(b) The name of a corporation shall not be a name that the Secretary of State determines is likely to mislead the public and shall be distinguishable in the records of the Secretary of State from all of the following:(1) The name of any corporation.(2) The name of any foreign corporation authorized to transact intrastate business in this state.(3) Each name that is under reservation pursuant to this title.(4) The name of a foreign corporation that has registered its name pursuant to Section 2101.(5) A name that a foreign corporation has assumed under subdivision (b) of Section 2106.(6) A name that will become the record name of a domestic or foreign corporation upon a corporate instrument when there is a delayed effective or file date.(c) The use by a corporation of a name in violation of this section may be enjoined notwithstanding the filing of its articles by the Secretary of State.(d) Any applicant may, upon payment of the fee prescribed therefor in the Government Code, obtain from the Secretary of State a certificate of reservation of any name not prohibited by subdivision (b), and upon the issuance of the certificate the name stated therein shall be reserved for a period of 60 days. The Secretary of State shall not, however, issue certificates reserving the same name for two or more consecutive 60-day periods to the same applicant or for the use or benefit of the same person; nor shall consecutive reservations be made by or for the use or benefit of the same person of names so similar as to fall within the prohibitions of subdivision (b).(Amended by Stats. 2020, Ch. 361, Sec. 11. (SB 522) Effective January 1, 2021.)
CA Corp Code § 12302.1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 3 - Formation|Section 12302.1.

12302.1.  The Secretary of State shall not file articles for a corporation the name of which would fall within the prohibitions of Section 18104 of the Financial Code. This section shall not apply to articles filed for a corporation organized in accordance with Section 18100 of the Financial Code.(Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 453, Sec. 23. Effective January 1, 2000.)
CA Corp Code § 12310 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12310.

12310.  The articles of incorporation of a corporation formed under this part shall set forth:(a) The name of the corporation.(b) The following statement:“This corporation is a cooperative corporation organized under the Cooperative Corporation Law. The purpose of this corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the law.”[The articles may include a further description of the corporation’s purpose.](c) The name and street address in this state of the corporation’s initial agent for service of process in accordance with subdivision (b) of Section 12570.(d) The initial street address of the corporation.(e) The initial mailing address of the corporation, if different from the initial street address.(f) Whether the voting power or the proprietary interests of the members are equal or unequal. If the voting power or proprietary interests of the members are unequal, the articles shall state either (i) the general rule or rules by which the voting power and proprietary interests of the members shall be determined or (ii) that such rule or rules shall be prescribed in the corporation’s bylaws. Equal voting power means voting power apportioned on the basis of one vote for each member. Equal proprietary rights means property rights apportioned on the basis of one proprietary unit for each member.(g) Pursuant to Section 12310.5, the articles of incorporation may state whether the cooperative has elected to be governed as a worker cooperative.(Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 192, Sec. 11. (AB 816) Effective January 1, 2016.)
CA Corp Code § 12310.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12310.5.

12310.5.  (a) A corporation organized under this part may elect to be governed as a worker cooperative by making the following statement in its articles of incorporation or its amended articles of incorporation:“This corporation is a worker cooperative corporation organized under the Cooperative Corporation Law.”(b) A corporation that makes the election to be governed as a worker cooperative, unless expressly exempted, shall be governed by all the provisions of this part.(Added by Stats. 2015, Ch. 192, Sec. 12. (AB 816) Effective January 1, 2016.)
CA Corp Code § 12312 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12312.

12312.  The articles of incorporation may set forth a further statement limiting the purposes or powers of the corporation.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1625, Sec. 3. Operative January 1, 1984.)
CA Corp Code § 12313 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12313.

12313.  (a) The articles of incorporation may set forth any or all of the following provisions, which shall not be effective unless expressly provided in the articles:(1) A provision limiting the duration of the corporation’s existence to a specified date.(2) A provision providing for the distribution of the remaining assets of the corporation, after payment or adequate provision for all of its debts and liabilities, to a charitable trust.(b) Nothing contained in subdivision (a) shall affect the enforceability, as between the parties thereto, of any lawful agreement not otherwise contrary to public policy.(c) The articles of incorporation may set forth any or all of the following provisions:(1) The names and addresses of the persons appointed to act as initial directors.(2) Provisions concerning the transfer of memberships, in accordance with Section 12410.(3) The classes of members, if any, and if there are two or more classes, the rights, privileges, preferences, restrictions, and conditions attaching to each class.(4) Any other provision, not in conflict with law, for the management of the activities and for the conduct of the affairs of the corporation, including any provision which is required or permitted by this part to be stated in the bylaws.(5) A provision conferring upon members the right to determine the consideration for which memberships shall be issued.(6) A provision authorizing the board of directors, within any limits or restrictions stated, to fix the rights, privileges, preferences, restrictions, and conditions attaching to any wholly unissued class of memberships authorized in the bylaws or the articles.(7) If the bylaws or articles authorize a class of memberships to be divisible into series, a provision authorizing the board of directors, within any limits or restrictions stated, to fix the rights, privileges, preferences, restrictions, and conditions attaching to any wholly unissued series of a membership class authorized to be divisible into series, and to fix the number of memberships in the series and the designation of the series. As to any series, the number of which is authorized to be fixed by the board, the articles may also authorize the board to increase or decrease, but not below the number of memberships then outstanding, the number of memberships of any such series subsequent to the issuance of that series. Unless the articles or bylaws provide otherwise, in case the number of memberships of any series is decreased, the memberships constituting this decrease shall resume the status which they had prior to the adoption of the board resolution originally fixing the number of memberships of the series.(Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 538, Sec. 3. (AB 1255) Effective January 1, 2014.)
CA Corp Code § 12314 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12314.

12314.  The articles of incorporation of a central organization, as defined in Section 12256, organized under or subject to this part may provide for unequal voting power of its members based upon the number of its members’ members, the patronage of its members, or both. In no event shall any member have less than one vote.(Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 792, Sec. 10.)
CA Corp Code § 12315 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12315.

12315.  For all purposes other than an action in the nature of quo warranto, a copy of the articles of a corporation duly certified by the Secretary of State is conclusive evidence of the formation of the corporation and prima facie evidence of its corporate existence.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1625, Sec. 3. Operative January 1, 1984.)
CA Corp Code § 12316 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12316.

12316.  If initial directors have not been named in the articles of incorporation, the incorporators may do whatever is necessary and proper to perfect the organization of the corporation, including the adoption and amendment of bylaws of the corporation and the election of directors and officers, until the directors are elected.(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 792, Sec. 11.)
CA Corp Code § 12317 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 4 - Articles of Incorporation|Section 12317.

12317.  (a) A worker cooperative may, in its articles or bylaws, establish itself as a capital account cooperative.(b) The articles or bylaws of a capital account cooperative may authorize assignment of a portion of retained net earnings and net losses to an unallocated capital account. The unallocated capital account in a capital account cooperative shall reflect any paid-in capital and retained net earnings not allocated to individual members. Earnings assigned to the unallocated capital account may be used for any and all corporate purposes, as determined by the board of directors.(c) The system of member and unallocated capital accounts may be used to determine the redemption price of member shares, capital stock, and written notices of allocation. The articles or bylaws may provide for the capital account cooperative worker cooperative to pay or credit interest on the balance in each member’s capital account.(d) The articles or bylaws of a capital account cooperative may permit the periodic redemption of written notices of allocation and capital stock and shall provide for recall and redemption of membership shares upon termination of membership in the cooperative. However, no redemption may occur that would result in the liability of any director or officer pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 12370) of Chapter 2.(e) As used in this section, “written notice of allocation” has the same meaning as defined in Section 1388 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code.(Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 92, Sec. 48. (SB 1289) Effective January 1, 2019.)
CA Corp Code § 12321 (2021)
2021 California Code|Corporations Code - CORP|TITLE 1 - CORPORATIONS|DIVISION 3 - CORPORATIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES|PART 2 - COOPERATIVE CORPORATIONS|CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions, Organization and Bylaws|ARTICLE 5 - Powers|Section 12321.

12321.  (a) No limitation upon the activities, purposes, or powers of the corporation or upon the powers of the members, officers, or directors, or the manner of exercise of such powers, contained in or implied by the articles or by Chapters 15 (commencing with Section 12620), 16 (commencing with Section 12630) and 17 (commencing with Section 12650) shall be asserted as between the corporation or member, officer or director and any third person, except in a proceeding: (1) by a member or the state to enjoin the doing or continuation of unauthorized activities by the corporation or its officers, or both, in cases where third parties have not acquired rights thereby, (2) to dissolve the corporation, or (3) by the corporation or by a member suing in any representative suit against the officers or directors of the corporation for violation of their authority.(b) Any contract or conveyance made in the name of a corporation which is authorized or ratified by the board, or is done within the scope of authority, actual or apparent, conferred by the board or within the agency power of the officer executing it, except as the board’s authority is limited by law other than this part, binds the corporation, and the corporation acquires rights thereunder whether the contract is executed or wholly or in part executory.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1625, Sec. 3. Operative January 1, 1984.)