reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Transp Code § 545.410 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.410. Towing Safety Chains

Sec. 545.410.  TOWING SAFETY CHAINS.  (a)  An operator of a passenger car or light truck may not draw a trailer, semitrailer, house trailer, or another motor vehicle unless safety chains of a type approved by the department are attached in a manner approved by the department from the trailer, semitrailer, house trailer, or drawn motor vehicle to the drawing vehicle.  This subsection does not apply to the drawing of a trailer or semitrailer used for agricultural purposes.(b)  The department shall adopt rules prescribing the type of safety chains required to be used according to the weight of the trailer, semitrailer, house trailer, or motor vehicle being drawn.  The rules shall:(1)  require safety chains to be strong enough to maintain the connection between the trailer, semitrailer, house trailer, or drawn motor vehicle and the drawing vehicle;  and(2)  show the proper method to attach safety chains between the trailer, semitrailer, house trailer, or drawn motor vehicle and the drawing vehicle.(c)  Subsection (b) does not apply to trailers, semitrailers, or house trailers that are equipped with safety chains installed by the original manufacturer before the effective date of the rules.(d)  This section does not apply to a trailer, semitrailer, house trailer, or drawn motor vehicle that is operated in compliance with the federal motor carrier safety regulations.(e)  In this section, "safety chains" means flexible tension members connected from the front of a drawn vehicle to the rear of the drawing vehicle to maintain connection between the vehicles if the primary connecting system fails.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.113(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1997;  Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1357, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.|
TX Transp Code § 545.411 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.411. Use of Rest Area: Offense

Sec. 545.411.  USE OF REST AREA:  OFFENSE.  (a)  A person commits an offense if the person remains at a rest area for longer than 24 hours or erects a tent, shelter, booth, or structure at the rest area and the person:(1)  has notice while conducting the activity that the activity is prohibited;  or(2)  receives notice that the activity is prohibited but does not depart or remove the structure within eight hours after receiving notice.(b)  For purposes of this section, a person:(1)  has notice if a sign stating the prohibited activity and penalty is posted on the premises;  or(2)  receives notice if a peace officer orally communicates to the person the prohibited activity and penalty for the offense.(c)  It is an exception to Subsection (a) if a nonprofit organization erects a temporary structure at a rest area to provide food services, food, or beverages to travelers and the Texas Department of Transportation:(1)  finds that the services would constitute a public service for the benefit of the traveling public;  and(2)  issues a permit to the organization.(d)  In this section, "rest area" means public real property designated as a rest area, comfort station, picnic area, roadside park, or scenic overlook by the Texas Department of Transportation.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.|
TX Transp Code § 545.4121 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.4121. Dismissal; Obtaining Child Passenger Safety Seat System

Sec. 545.4121.  DISMISSAL; OBTAINING CHILD PASSENGER SAFETY SEAT SYSTEM.  (a)  This section applies to an offense committed under Section 545.412.(b)  It is a defense to prosecution of an offense to which this section applies that the defendant provides to the court evidence satisfactory to the court that:(1)  at the time of the offense:(A)  the defendant was not arrested or issued a citation for violation of any other offense;(B)  the defendant did not possess a child passenger safety seat system in the vehicle; and(C)  the vehicle the defendant was operating was not involved in an accident; and(2)  subsequent to the time of the offense, the  defendant obtained an appropriate child passenger safety seat system for each child required to be secured in a child passenger safety seat system under Section 545.412(a).|Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 913 (H.B. 183), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005.Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1391 (H.B. 1294), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1391 (H.B. 1294), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Transp Code § 545.414 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.414. Riding in Open Beds; Offense

Sec. 545.414.  RIDING IN OPEN BEDS;  OFFENSE.  (a)  A person commits an offense if the person operates an open-bed pickup truck or an open flatbed truck or draws an open flatbed trailer when a child younger than 18 years of age is occupying the bed of the truck or trailer.(b)  An offense under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $25 or more than $200.(c)  It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the person was:(1)  operating or towing the vehicle in a parade or in an emergency;(2)  operating the vehicle to transport farmworkers from one field to another field on a farm-to-market road, ranch-to-market road, or county road outside a municipality;(3)  operating the vehicle on a beach;(4)  operating a vehicle that is the only vehicle owned or operated by the members of a household;  or(5)  operating the vehicle in a hayride permitted by the governing body of or a law enforcement agency of each county or municipality in which the hayride will occur.(d)  Compliance or noncompliance with Subsection (a) is not admissible evidence in a civil trial.(e)  In this section, "household" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.005, Family Code.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.  Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 79, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.|
TX Transp Code § 545.4145 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.4145. Riding in or on Boat or Personal Watercraft Drawn by Vehicle; Offense

Sec. 545.4145.  RIDING IN OR ON BOAT OR PERSONAL WATERCRAFT DRAWN BY VEHICLE; OFFENSE.  (a)  A person commits an offense if the person operates a motor vehicle on a highway or street when a child younger than 18 years of age is occupying a boat or personal watercraft being drawn by the motor vehicle.(b)  It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the person was:(1)  operating the motor vehicle in a parade or in an emergency; or(2)  operating the motor vehicle on a beach.(c)  In this section, "boat" and "personal watercraft" have the meanings assigned by Section 31.003, Parks and Wildlife Code.|Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1172 (H.B. 2981), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.|
TX Transp Code § 545.415 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.415. Backing a Vehicle

Sec. 545.415.  BACKING A VEHICLE.  (a)  An operator may not back the vehicle unless the movement can be made safely and without interference with other traffic.(b)  An operator may not back the vehicle on a shoulder or roadway of a limited-access or controlled-access highway.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.|
TX Transp Code § 545.416 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.416. Riding on Motorcycle or Moped

Sec. 545.416.  RIDING ON MOTORCYCLE OR MOPED.  (a)  An operator of a motorcycle or moped shall ride on the permanent and regular seat attached to the motorcycle or moped.(b)  An operator may not carry another person on the motorcycle or moped, and a person who is not operating the motorcycle or moped may not ride on the motorcycle or moped, unless the motorcycle or moped is:(1)  designed to carry more than one person; and(2)  equipped with footrests and handholds for use by the passenger.(c)  If the motorcycle or moped is designed to carry more than one person, a passenger may ride only on the permanent and regular seat, if designed for two persons, or on another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle or moped behind or to the side of the operator.(d)  Except as provided by Subsection (e), an operator may not carry another person on a motorcycle or moped unless the other person is at least five years of age.  An offense under this subsection is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $100 or more than $200.  It is a defense to prosecution under this subsection that the operator was operating the motorcycle or moped in an emergency or for a law enforcement purpose.(e)  Subsection (d) does not prohibit an operator from carrying on a motorcycle or moped a person younger than five years of age who is seated in a sidecar attached to the motorcycle or moped.(f)  For purposes of Subsections (c) and (d), an autocycle as defined by Section 501.008 is considered to be a motorcycle.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1257 (H.B. 537), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1111 (H.B. 3838), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2013.Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 67 (S.B. 449), Sec. 5, eff. May 22, 2015.Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 882 (H.B. 3171), Sec. 2.07, eff. September 1, 2019.|
TX Transp Code § 545.4165 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.4165. Operation of Certain Motorcycles

Sec. 545.4165.  OPERATION OF CERTAIN MOTORCYCLES.  A person may not operate a motorcycle described by Section 521.001(a)(6-a)(C)(vii) on a public highway for which the posted speed limit is more than 45 miles per hour, except that the operator may cross an intersection with a public highway that has a posted speed limit of more than 45 miles per hour.|Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1217 (S.B. 1756), Sec. 5, eff. June 19, 2015.|
TX Transp Code § 545.417 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.417. Obstruction of Operator's View or Driving Mechanism

Sec. 545.417.  OBSTRUCTION OF OPERATOR'S VIEW OR DRIVING MECHANISM.  (a)  An operator may not drive a vehicle when it is loaded so that, or when the front seat has a number of persons, exceeding three, so that:(1)  the view of the operator to the front or sides of the vehicle is obstructed;  or(2)  there is interference with the operator's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.(b)  A passenger in a vehicle may not ride in a position that interferes with the operator's view to the front or sides or control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.|
TX Transp Code § 545.418 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.418. Opening Vehicle Doors

Sec. 545.418.  OPENING VEHICLE DOORS.  A person may not:(1)  open the door of a motor vehicle on the side available to moving traffic, unless the door may be opened in reasonable safety without interfering with the movement of other traffic;  or(2)  leave a door on the side of a vehicle next to moving traffic open for longer than is necessary to load or unload a passenger.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.|
TX Transp Code § 545.419 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.419. Riding in House Trailer

Sec. 545.419.  RIDING IN HOUSE TRAILER.  A person may not occupy a house trailer while it is being moved.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.|
TX Transp Code § 545.4191 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.4191. Person Riding in Trailer or Semitrailer Drawn by Truck, Road Tractor, or Truck Tractor

Sec. 545.4191.  PERSON RIDING IN TRAILER OR SEMITRAILER DRAWN BY TRUCK, ROAD TRACTOR, OR TRUCK TRACTOR.  (a)  A person may not operate a truck, road tractor, or truck tractor when another person occupies a trailer or semitrailer being drawn by the truck, road tractor, or truck tractor.(b)  It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:(1)  the person was operating or towing the vehicle:(A)  in a parade or in an emergency;(B)  to transport farmworkers from one field to another field on a farm-to-market road, ranch-to-market road, or county road outside a municipality;  or(C)  in a hayride permitted by the governing body of or a law enforcement agency of each county or municipality in which the hayride will occur;(2)  the person operating or towing the vehicle did not know that another person occupied the trailer or semitrailer;  or(3)  the person occupying the trailer or semitrailer was in a part of the trailer or semitrailer designed for human habitation.(c)  An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.|Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.|
TX Transp Code § 545.4205 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.4205. Interference With Peace Officer Investigation of Highway Racing or Reckless Driving Exhibition; Criminal Offense

Sec. 545.4205.  INTERFERENCE WITH PEACE OFFICER INVESTIGATION OF HIGHWAY RACING OR RECKLESS DRIVING EXHIBITION; CRIMINAL OFFENSE.  (a)  A person commits an offense if the person uses the person's body, a car, or a barricade to knowingly impede or otherwise interfere with a peace officer's investigation of conduct prohibited under Section 545.420 or a reckless driving exhibition, as defined by Section 42.03, Penal Code.(b)  An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.(c)  If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.|Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 949 (S.B. 1495), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.|
TX Transp Code § 545.421 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.421. Fleeing or Attempting to Elude Police Officer; Offense

Sec. 545.421.  FLEEING OR ATTEMPTING TO ELUDE POLICE OFFICER;  OFFENSE.  (a)  A person commits an offense if the person operates a motor vehicle and wilfully fails or refuses to bring the vehicle to a stop or flees, or attempts to elude, a pursuing police vehicle when given a visual or audible signal to bring the vehicle to a stop.(b)  A signal under this section that is given by a police officer pursuing a vehicle may be by hand, voice, emergency light, or siren.  The officer giving the signal must be in uniform and prominently display the officer's badge of office.  The officer's vehicle must bear the insignia of a law enforcement agency, regardless of whether the vehicle displays an emergency light.(c)  Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.(d)  An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor if the person, during the commission of the offense, recklessly engages in conduct that places another in imminent danger of serious bodily injury.(e)  A person is presumed to have recklessly engaged in conduct placing another in imminent danger of serious bodily injury under Subsection (d) if the person while intoxicated knowingly operated a motor vehicle during the commission of the offense.  In this subsection, "intoxicated" has the meaning assigned by Section 49.01, Penal Code.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1280 (H.B. 1831), Sec. 1.21, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Transp Code § 545.422 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.422. Crossing Sidewalk or Hike and Bike Trail

Sec. 545.422.  CROSSING SIDEWALK OR HIKE AND BIKE TRAIL.  (a)  A person may not drive a motor vehicle on a sidewalk, sidewalk area, or hike and bike trail except on a permanent or authorized temporary driveway.(b)  Subsection (a) does not prohibit the operation of a motor vehicle on a hike and bike trail in connection with maintenance of the trail.(c)  In this section, "hike and bike trail" means a trail designed for the exclusive use of pedestrians, bicyclists, or both.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.116(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Transp Code § 545.423 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.423. Crossing Property

Sec. 545.423.  CROSSING PROPERTY.  (a)  An operator may not cross a sidewalk or drive through a driveway, parking lot, or business or residential entrance without stopping the vehicle.(b)  An operator may not cross or drive in or on a sidewalk, driveway, parking lot, or business or residential entrance at an intersection to turn right or left from one highway to another highway.|Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.|
TX Transp Code § 545.4252 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.4252. Use of Wireless Communication Device on School Property; Offense

Sec. 545.4252.  USE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE ON SCHOOL PROPERTY; OFFENSE.  (a)  In this section:(1)  "Hands-free device" has the meaning assigned by Section 545.425.(2)  "Wireless communication device" has the meaning assigned by Section 545.425.(b)  Except as provided by Section 545.425(c), an operator may not use a wireless communication device while operating a motor vehicle on the property of a public elementary, middle, junior high, or high school for which a local authority has designated a school crossing zone, during the time a reduced speed limit is in effect for the school crossing zone, unless:(1)  the vehicle is stopped; or(2)  the wireless communication device is used with a hands-free device.(c)  It is an affirmative defense to prosecution of an offense under this section that the wireless communication device was used to make an emergency call to:(1)  an emergency response service, including a rescue, emergency medical, or hazardous material response service;(2)  a hospital;(3)  a fire department;(4)  a health clinic;(5)  a medical doctor's office;(6)  an individual to administer first aid treatment; or(7)  a police department.(d)  This section does not apply to:(1)  an operator of an authorized emergency vehicle using a wireless communication device while acting in an official capacity; or(2)  an operator who is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission while operating a radio frequency device other than a wireless communication device.(e)  This section preempts all local ordinances, rules, or regulations that are inconsistent with specific provisions of this section adopted by a political subdivision of this state relating to the use of a wireless communication device by the operator of a motor vehicle, except that a political subdivision may by ordinance or rule prohibit the use of a wireless communication device while operating a motor vehicle throughout the jurisdiction of the political subdivision.|Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 240 (H.B. 347), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.|
TX Transp Code § 545.426 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.426. Operation of School Bus

Sec. 545.426.  OPERATION OF SCHOOL BUS.  (a)  A person may not operate a school bus if:(1)  the door of the school bus is open; or(2)  the number of passengers on the bus is greater than the manufacturer's design capacity for the bus.(b)  An operator of a school bus, while operating the bus, shall prohibit a passenger from:(1)  standing in the bus; or(2)  sitting:(A)  on the floor of the bus; or(B)  in any location on the bus that is not designed as a seat.(c)  The department may adopt rules necessary to administer and enforce this section.|Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 923 (H.B. 3190), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2007.|
TX Transp Code § 545.427 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Transportation Code|Title 7 - Vehicles and Traffic|Subtitle C - Rules of the Road|Chapter 545 - Operation and Movement of Vehicles|Subchapter I. Miscellaneous Rules|Section 545.427. Operation of Vehicle With Insufficient Undercarriage Clearance

Sec. 545.427.  OPERATION OF VEHICLE WITH INSUFFICIENT UNDERCARRIAGE CLEARANCE.  (a)  An operator may not drive on or cross a railroad grade crossing unless the vehicle being operated has sufficient undercarriage clearance.(b)  An offense under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $50 or more than $200.|Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 424 (S.B. 1372), Sec. 12, eff. January 1, 2008.Renumbered from Transportation Code, Section 545.426 by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 27.001(108), eff. September 1, 2009.|