reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 33-1027 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1027 - Incorporation.

 (a) The corporate existence begins when the certificate of incorporation is filed.(b) The Secretary of the State's filing of the certificate of incorporation is conclusive proof that the incorporators satisfied all conditions precedent to incorporation except in a proceeding by the state to cancel or revoke the incorporation or involuntarily dissolve the corporation.(P.A. 96-256, S. 21, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1028 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1028 - Liability for preincorporation transactions.

 All persons purporting to act as or on behalf of a corporation, knowing there was no incorporation under sections 33-1000 to 33-1290, inclusive, are jointly and severally liable for all liabilities created while so acting.(P.A. 96-256, S. 22, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1029 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1029 - Organization of corporation.

 (a)(1) If initial directors are named in the certificate of incorporation, the initial directors shall hold an organizational meeting, at the call of a majority of the directors, to complete the organization of the corporation by appointing officers, adopting bylaws and carrying on any other business brought before the meeting; (2) if initial directors are not named in the certificate, the incorporator or incorporators shall hold an organizational meeting at the call of a majority of the incorporators: (A) To elect directors and complete the organization of the corporation; or (B) to elect a board of directors who shall complete the organization of the corporation.(b) Action required or permitted by sections 33-1000 to 33-1290, inclusive, to be taken by incorporators at an organizational meeting may be taken without a meeting if the action taken is evidenced by one or more written consents describing the action taken and signed by each incorporator.(c) An organizational meeting may be held in or out of this state.(d) If an organizational meeting is held in accordance with this section, before the filing of the certificate of incorporation, action taken thereat shall not be impaired by the fact that corporate existence had not begun.(P.A. 96-256, S. 23, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1030 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1030 - Bylaws.

 (a) The incorporators or board of directors of a corporation shall adopt initial bylaws for the corporation.(b) The bylaws of a corporation may contain any provision for managing and regulating the affairs of the corporation that is not inconsistent with law or the certificate of incorporation.(P.A. 96-256, S. 24, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1031 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1031 - Emergency bylaws.

 (a) Unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, the board of directors of a corporation may adopt bylaws to be effective only in an emergency defined in subsection (d) of this section. The emergency bylaws, which are subject to amendment or repeal by the members, may make all provisions necessary for managing the corporation during the emergency, including: (1) Procedures for calling a meeting of the board of directors; (2) quorum requirements for the meeting; and (3) designation of additional or substitute directors.(b) All provisions of the regular bylaws consistent with the emergency bylaws remain effective during the emergency. The emergency bylaws are not effective after the emergency ends.(c) Corporate action taken in good faith in accordance with the emergency bylaws: (1) Binds the corporation; and (2) may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director, officer, employee or agent.(d) An emergency exists for purposes of this section if a quorum of the corporation's directors cannot readily be assembled because of some catastrophic event.(P.A. 96-256, S. 25, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1037 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1037 - Emergency powers.

 (a) In anticipation of or during an emergency defined in subsection (d) of this section, the board of directors of a corporation may: (1) Modify lines of succession to accommodate the incapacity of any director, officer, employee or agent; and (2) relocate the principal office, designate alternative principal offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers to do so.(b) During an emergency defined in subsection (d) of this section, unless emergency bylaws provide otherwise: (1) Notice of a meeting of the board of directors need be given only to those directors whom it is practicable to reach and may be given in any practicable manner, including by publication and radio; and (2) one or more officers of the corporation present at a meeting of the board of directors may be deemed to be directors for the meeting, in order of rank and within the same rank in order of seniority, as necessary to achieve a quorum.(c) Corporate action taken in good faith during an emergency under this section to further the ordinary business affairs of the corporation: (1) Binds the corporation; and (2) may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director, officer, employee or agent.(d) An emergency exists for purposes of subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this section if a quorum of the corporation's directors cannot readily be assembled because of some catastrophic event.(e) In time of war or other national or local emergency a corporation shall have power to conduct any lawful affairs in aid thereof, notwithstanding the activities or purposes set forth in its certificate of incorporation, at the request or direction of any apparently authorized governmental authority.(P.A. 96-256, S. 28, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1038 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1038 - Ultra vires.

 (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the validity of corporate action may not be challenged on the ground that the corporation lacks or lacked power to act.(b) A corporation's power to act may be challenged: (1) In a proceeding by a member or director against the corporation to enjoin the act; (2) in a proceeding by the corporation, directly, derivatively or through a receiver, trustee or other legal representative, against an incumbent or former director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation; or (3) in a proceeding by the Attorney General to dissolve the corporation or to enjoin the corporation from the conduct of unauthorized affairs.(c) In a member's or director's proceeding under subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section to enjoin an unauthorized corporate act, the court may enjoin or set aside the act, if equitable and if all affected persons are parties to the proceeding, and may award damages for loss, other than anticipated profits, suffered by the corporation or another party because of the enjoining of the unauthorized act.(d) The Attorney General may, upon his own information or upon complaint of an interested party, bring an action in the name of the state to restrain any person from purporting to have, or exercising, corporate powers not granted.(P.A. 96-256, S. 29, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1046 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1046 - Reserved name.

 (a) A person may reserve the exclusive use of a corporate name, including a corporate name of a foreign corporation, with such additional distinctive and distinguishing elements that the corporation agrees to use in this state exclusive of any other name as in the judgment of the Secretary of the State will be sufficient to distinguish its name, by delivering an application to the Secretary of the State for filing. The application shall set forth the name and address of the applicant and the name proposed to be reserved. If the Secretary of the State finds that the corporate name applied for is available, he shall reserve the name for the applicant's exclusive use for a period of one hundred twenty days.(b) The owner of a reserved corporate name may transfer the reservation to another person by delivering to the Secretary of the State a signed notice of the transfer that states the name and address of the transferee.(c) Any person for whom a specified corporate name has been reserved pursuant to this section may, during the period for which such name is reserved, terminate such reservation by filing in the office of the Secretary of the State an application for cancellation of reservation of corporate name, together with the applicable fee.(P.A. 96-256, S. 31, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1047 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1047 - Registered name.

 (a) A foreign corporation may register its corporate name, or its corporate name with any addition required by section 33-1215, if the name is distinguishable upon the records of the Secretary of the State from the names that are not available under subsection (b) of section 33-1045.(b) A foreign corporation registers its corporate name, or its corporate name with any addition required by section 33-1215, by delivering to the Secretary of the State for filing an application: (1) Setting forth its corporate name, or its corporate name with any addition required by section 33-1215, the state or country and date of its incorporation, and a brief description of the nature of the business in which it is engaged; and (2) accompanied by a certificate of existence, or a document of similar import, from the state or country of incorporation.(c) The name is registered for the applicant's exclusive use upon the effective date of the application until the close of the calendar year in which the application for registration is filed.(d) A foreign corporation whose registration is effective may renew it for successive years by delivering to the Secretary of the State for filing a renewal application, which complies with the requirements of subsection (b) of this section, between October first and December thirty-first of the preceding year. The renewal application when filed renews the registration for the following calendar year.(P.A. 96-256, S. 32, 209; P.A. 97-246, S. 47, 99.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 97-246 amended Subsec. (c) to provide that the name is registered until the close of the calendar year in which the application for registration is filed, effective June 27, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1051 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1051 - Change of registered office or registered agent.

 (a) A corporation may change its registered office or registered agent by delivering to the Secretary of the State for filing a statement of change that sets forth: (1) The name of the corporation; (2) if the current registered office is to be changed, the street address of its current registered office and the street address of the new registered office; and (3) if the current registered agent is to be changed, the name of its current registered agent and the name of the new registered agent and the new agent's written consent, either on the statement or attached to it, to the appointment.(b) If a registered agent changes the street address of his business office, he may change the street address of the registered office of any corporation for which he is the registered agent by notifying the corporation in writing of the change and signing, either manually or in facsimile, and delivering to the Secretary of the State for filing a statement that complies with the requirements of subsection (a) of this section and recites that the corporation has been notified of the change.(P.A. 96-256, S. 34, 209; P.A. 97-246, S. 49, 99.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 97-246 amended Subsec. (a) to combine former Subdivs. (2) and (3) into Subdiv. (2), thereby providing that the statement must set forth the street address of the current registered office only if the current registered office is to be changed, and combine former Subdivs. (4) and (5) into new Subdiv. (3), thereby providing that the statement must set forth the name of the current registered agent only if the current registered agent is to be changed, effective June 27, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1052 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1052 - Resignation of registered agent.

 (a) A registered agent may resign his agency appointment by signing and delivering to the Secretary of the State for filing the signed original and one exact or conformed copy of a statement of resignation. The statement may include a statement that the registered office is also discontinued.(b) After filing the statement, the Secretary of the State shall mail the copy to the corporation at its principal office.(c) The agency appointment is terminated, and the registered office discontinued if so provided, on the thirty-first day after the date on which the statement was filed.(P.A. 96-256, S. 35, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1053 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1053 - Service of process on corporation.

 (a) A corporation's registered agent is the corporation's agent for service of process, notice or demand required or permitted by law to be served on the corporation. Service may be effected by any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service by leaving a true and attested copy of the process, notice or demand with such agent or, in the case of an agent who is a natural person, by leaving it at such agent's usual place of abode in this state.(b) If a corporation has no registered agent, or the agent cannot with reasonable diligence be served, the corporation may be served by any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service by sending a true and attested copy of the process, notice or demand by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the secretary of the corporation at its principal office. Service is effective under this subsection at the earliest of: (1) The date the corporation receives the mail; (2) the date shown on the return receipt, if signed on behalf of the corporation; or (3) five days after its deposit in the United States mail, as evidenced by the postmark, if mailed postage prepaid and correctly addressed.(c) This section does not prescribe the only means, or necessarily the required means, of serving a corporation.(P.A. 96-256, S. 36, 209; P.A. 97-246, S. 50, 51, 99.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 97-246 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to authorize service to be effected by any proper officer or other person lawfully empowered to make service and amended Subsec. (b) to provide that the service sent to the corporation is a true and attested copy of the process, notice or demand, replace “perfected” with “effective” and replace “postpaid” with “postage prepaid”, effective June 27, 1997.See Sec. 1-2a re construction of references to “United States mail”, “postmark” or “registered or certified mail”.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1055 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1055 - Classes of members.

 A corporation may have one or more classes of members or may have no members. If the corporation has one or more classes of members, the designation of such class or classes shall be set forth in the certificate of incorporation and the manner of election or appointment and the qualifications and rights of the members of each class shall be set forth in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws. If the corporation has no members, or only members not entitled to vote, that fact shall be set forth in the certificate of incorporation and the corporation shall operate under the management of its board of directors. A corporation may issue certificates evidencing membership therein.(P.A. 96-256, S. 37, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1056 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1056 - Rules for membership.

 (a) Membership shall be governed by such rules of admission, retention, withdrawal and expulsion as the bylaws shall prescribe, provided all such bylaws shall be reasonable, germane to the purposes of the corporation, and equally enforced as to all members.(b) Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws, another entity, foreign or domestic, may become a member of a corporation.(c) Membership may be limited to persons who are members in good standing of another corporation, organization or association, if so provided in the certificate of incorporation. If membership is so limited, the certificate of incorporation may provide that failure on the part of any such member to keep in such good standing in such other corporation, organization or association shall be sufficient cause for expulsion.(d) Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, a member may not voluntarily or involuntarily transfer his membership or any rights arising therefrom.(e) Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, membership shall be terminated by death, voluntary withdrawal or expulsion, and thereafter all rights and privileges of the member in the corporation and its property shall cease.(P.A. 96-256, S. 38, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.Private nonstock corporation of lakefront cottage and home owners violated statutory provision that bylaws be “equally enforced as to all members” by terminating plaintiff cottage owners' membership due to winter occupancy of their cottages in violation of a bylaw and by not enforcing that bylaw against all other nonconforming uses of property. 46 CS 265. Bylaw that calls for expulsion for “conduct inconsistent with a gentleman and a man of honor” is not undefined and vague and therefore not unreasonable; fact that expulsion is only penalty available under bylaw does not render it unreasonable on its face and plaintiff's argument that bylaw is not germane to purposes of the society fails where plaintiff incorrectly equates a principle actuating a nonprofit organization with a purpose of the organization and moreover where members could reasonably have believed that one of the society's “immutable principles” is germane to the bylaw. Id., 411.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1057 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1057 - Corporation may impose fines and penalties and levy dues and assessments.

 (a) A corporation may impose fines or penalties on members if provided in bylaws duly adopted by a two-thirds vote of members entitled to vote and, if the fine or penalty applies to members not entitled to vote, by a two-thirds vote as a class of such members not otherwise entitled to vote. Such fine or penalty shall not exceed the higher of the (1) annual dues or assessment or (2) initiation fee, if any.(b) A corporation may levy dues or assessments against members if provided in a bylaw provision duly adopted (1) by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the members of each class of members, voting as a class, to which the levy applies, even though any such class of members is not otherwise entitled to vote, or (2) by the directors if the directors are authorized to do so by a bylaw provision adopted by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the members of each class of members, voting as a class, to which a levy may apply, even though any such class of members is not otherwise entitled to vote.(c) For purposes of this section, the corporation's initial bylaws adopted by (1) the incorporators or (2) the board of directors shall be deemed to have been adopted by all the members entitled to vote thereon, if any.(d) Notwithstanding any limitation on the amount of a fine or penalty set forth in subsection (a) of this section, a corporation organized under sections 33-1000 to 33-1290, inclusive, or any predecessor statutes, that is a trade association or other professional organization exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, may impose a fine on a member, not to exceed the amount set forth in the bylaws, for the violation of a code of ethics or other code of conduct upon majority vote of its board of directors in accordance with its bylaws, provided the articles of association or bylaws of the corporation contain a written provision whereby members agree to be bound by such code of ethics or code of conduct as a condition of membership.(P.A. 96-256, S. 39, 209; P.A. 98-137, S. 53, 62; 98-219, S. 33, 34.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 98-137 added Subsec. (d) authorizing certain trade associations and other professional organizations that are tax-exempt to impose fines on members for the violation of a code of ethics or other code of conduct and specifying the conditions for the imposition of such fines, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 98-219 revised effective date of P.A. 98-137, but without affecting this section.
CT Gen Stat § 33-1058 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 33 - Corporations|Chapter 602 - Nonstock Corporations|Section 33-1058 - Liability of members.

 (a) A member of a corporation shall not be liable to the corporation or its creditors with respect to such membership except for the obligation to pay in full any fines or penalties duly imposed against him and any dues and assessments levied against him to which he has assented, or imposed or levied against him in accordance with the provisions of section 33-1057.(b) Any member who receives any distribution of income or assets from a corporation in violation of sections 33-1000 to 33-1290, inclusive, or of the certificate of incorporation, whether by dividend, in liquidation or otherwise, and who accepted or received such distribution knowing it to be improper, shall be liable for the amount so received: (1) To any creditors existing at the time of such distribution who shall obtain a judgment against such corporation on which execution shall be returned unsatisfied; and (2) to the corporation.(P.A. 96-256, S. 40, 209.)History: P.A. 96-256 effective January 1, 1997.