reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
16 V.S.A. § 2903
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 99 - General Policy|§ 2903. Preventing early school failure; reading instruction

§ 2903. Preventing early school failure; reading instruction|(a) Statement of policy. The ability to read is critical to success in learning. Children who fail to read by the end of the first grade will likely fall further behind in school. The personal and economic costs of reading failure are enormous both while the student remains in school and long afterward. All students need to receive systematic reading instruction in the early grades from a teacher who is skilled in teaching reading through a variety of instructional strategies that take into account the different learning styles and language backgrounds of the students. Some students may require intensive supplemental instruction tailored to the unique difficulties encountered.(b) Foundation for literacy. The State Board of Education, in collaboration with the Agency of Human Services, higher education, literacy organizations, and others, shall develop a plan for establishing a comprehensive system of services for early education in the first three grades to ensure that all students learn to read by the end of the third grade. The plan shall be updated at least once every five years following its initial submission in 1998.(c) Reading instruction. A public school that offers instruction in grades one, two, or three shall provide highly effective, research-based reading instruction to all students. In addition, a school shall provide:  (1) supplemental reading instruction to any enrolled student in grade four whose reading proficiency falls below third grade reading expectations, as defined under subdivision 164(9) of this title; (2) supplemental reading instruction to any enrolled student in grades 5-12 whose reading proficiency creates a barrier to the student's success in school; and (3) support and information to parents and legal guardians. (Added 1997, No. 60, § 9, eff. June 26, 1997; amended 2009, No. 44, § 40, eff. May 21, 2009.)
16 V.S.A. § 2904
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 99 - General Policy|§ 2904. Reports

§ 2904. Reports|Annually, each superintendent shall report to the Secretary in a form prescribed by the Secretary, on the status of the educational support systems in each school in the supervisory union. The report shall describe the services and supports that are a part of the education support system, how they are funded, and how building the capacity of the educational support system has been addressed in the school action plans, and shall be in addition to the report required of the educational support team in subdivision 2902(c)(6) of this chapter. The superintendent's report shall include a description and justification of how funds received due to Medicaid reimbursement under section 2959a of this title were used. (Added 1999, No. 117 (Adj. Sess.), § 3; amended 2005, No. 54, § 14; 2009, No. 44, § 40, eff. May 21, 2009; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 193, eff. Feb. 14, 2014.)
16 V.S.A. § 2906
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 99 - General Policy|§ 2906. Vermont Expanded Learning Opportunities Special Fund established

§ 2906. Vermont Expanded Learning Opportunities Special Fund established|(a) As used in this section, "Expanded Learning Opportunity" means a structured program designed to serve prekindergarten through secondary school-age children and youth outside the school day and year on a regular basis, including before and after school and during the summer, by providing opportunities for personal, emotional, and academic growth for children and youth.(b) There is established a Vermont Expanded Learning Opportunities Special Fund comprising grants, donations, and contributions from any private or public source. Monies in the Fund shall be available to the Agency for the purpose of increasing access to expanded learning opportunities throughout Vermont. The Commissioner of Finance and Management may draw warrants for disbursements from this Fund in anticipation of receipts. The Fund shall be administered pursuant to 32 V.S.A. chapter 7, subchapter 5, except that interest earned and any remaining balance at the end of the fiscal year shall be retained and carried forward in the Fund. (Added 2015, No. 48, § 9, eff. June 3, 2015.)
16 V.S.A. § 2941
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2941. Policy and purpose

§ 2941. Policy and purpose|It is the policy of the State to ensure equal educational opportunities for all children in Vermont. This means that children with disabilities are entitled to receive a free appropriate public education. It is further the policy of the State to pay 60 percent of the statewide costs expended by public education for children with disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Agency to ensure the provision of the special educational facilities and instruction necessary to meet the needs of children with disabilities. (Amended 1965, No. 152, § 1; 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22; 1997, No. 60, § 29a, eff. July 1, 1998; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 195, eff. Feb. 14, 2014.)
16 V.S.A. § 2941
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2941. Policy and purpose

§ 2941. Policy and purpose|It is the policy of the State to ensure equal educational opportunities for all children in Vermont. This means that children with disabilities are entitled to receive a free appropriate public education. The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Agency to ensure the provision of special education services and supports in accordance with individualized education programs necessary to meet the needs of children with disabilities. (Amended 1965, No. 152, § 1; 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22; 1997, No. 60, § 29a, eff. July 1, 1998; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 195, eff. Feb. 14, 2014; 2017, No. 173 (Adj. Sess.), § 5, eff. July 1, 2022.)
16 V.S.A. § 2942
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2942. Definitions

§ 2942. Definitions|As used in this chapter  (1) "Child with a disability" means any child in Vermont eligible under State rules to receive special education. (2) "Special education" means, to the extent required by federal law, specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents or guardian, to meet the unique educational needs of a child with a disability, including classroom instruction, instruction in physical education, home instruction, and instruction in hospitals and institutions. The term includes "related services" as defined in federal law. (3) "Essential early education" means the education of children with disabilities prior to legal school age for the early acquisition of fundamental skills. (4) "Federal law" means the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. §§ 1400-1485, and its implementing regulations, as amended from time to time. (5) "Residential placement" means the placement of an eligible child, as part of an individualized education program, in a 24-hour residential facility within or outside Vermont that provides educational services consistent with the child's program. (6) "Individualized education program" means a program established for an eligible child pursuant to 20 U.S.C. § 1401(19) and the implementing federal regulations and State rules. (7) "Unilateral placement" means a placement of a child eligible for special education by a person or persons having legal custody of the child in an educational placement other than one recommended by the child's duly constituted individualized education program team as defined in 20 U.S.C. § 1401(19).   [ Subdivision (8) effective July 1, 2022.]  (8) A "student who requires additional support" means a student:  (A) who is on an individualized education program; (B) who is on a section 504 plan under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794; (C) who is not on an individualized education program or section 504 plan but whose ability to learn is negatively impacted by a disability or by social, emotional, or behavioral needs, or whose ability to learn is negatively impacted because the student is otherwise at risk; (D) for whom English is not the primary language; or (E) who reads below grade level. (Amended 1965, No. 152, § 2; 1971, No. 207 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 3; 1989, No. 107, § 1; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22; 1999, No. 117 (Adj. Sess.), § 4; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 196, eff. Feb. 14, 2014; 2013, No. 96 (Adj. Sess.), § 78; 2017, No. 173 (Adj. Sess.), § 5, eff. July 1, 2022; 2019, No. 131 (Adj. Sess.), § 109.)
16 V.S.A. § 2943
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2943. Secretary of Education for children with disabilities; powers

§ 2943. Secretary of Education for children with disabilities; powers|The Secretary of Education, by virtue of the office, shall be Secretary of Education for children with disabilities and shall superintend all matters relating to the essential early education and special education of children with disabilities. In addition, the Secretary, in coordination with the Department of Mental Health, the Department of Disabilities, Aging, and Independent Living, and the Department for Children and Families, shall ensure that appropriate educational services are provided to children and adolescents with a severe emotional disturbance in accordance with the provisions of 33 V.S.A. chapter 43 and may accept gifts, grants, or other donations to carry out the purpose of this chapter. (Amended 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 4; 1987, No. 264 (Adj. Sess.), § 5; 1989, No. 187 (Adj. Sess.), § 5; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22; 2011, No. 58, § 13, eff. May 31, 2011; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 197, eff. Feb. 14, 2014.)
16 V.S.A. § 2945
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2945. State Advisory Panel on Special Education

§ 2945. State Advisory Panel on Special Education|(a) The State Advisory Panel on Special Education (Panel) is created to provide guidance with respect to special education and related services for children with disabilities in the State. Members of the Panel shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice of the Secretary of Education. The Panel shall perform its duties, and members of the Panel shall be appointed, in accordance with federal law. In addition to members appointed to the Panel to satisfy the requirements under federal law, the members of the Panel shall include a representative of each body designated by the State under federal law as the Parent Training and Information Center and the Protection and Advocacy System. The total number of members on the Panel shall not exceed 37 members.(b) The Panel shall elect an executive committee from among its members. The executive committee shall be composed of seven members of the Panel, one of whom shall be the chair of the Panel. A majority of the members of the executive committee shall be individuals with disabilities or parents of children with disabilities (ages birth through 26 years of age). The executive committee shall call meetings of the Panel and shall direct the work of the Panel.(c) The Panel shall advise both the Agency of Education and the State Board of Education on those matters upon which the Panel is required, under federal law, to advise the State Education Agency.(d) Members of the Panel shall be entitled to per diem compensation and reimbursement of expenses as permitted under 32 V.S.A. § 1010. (Amended 1961, No. 36, eff. March 24, 1961; 1967, No. 73, § 2; 1971, No. 207 (Adj. Sess.), § 3; 1977, No. 167 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. March 31, 1978; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), §§ 10, 22; 2003, No. 36, § 16; 2011, No. 58, § 4, eff. May 31, 2011; 2011, No. 129 (Adj. Sess.), § 14, eff. May 11, 2012; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 199, eff. Feb. 14, 2014; 2017, No. 49, § 33, eff. May 23, 2017; 2019, No. 97 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. April 28, 2020.)
16 V.S.A. § 2949
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2949. Reciprocal agreements with other states

§ 2949. Reciprocal agreements with other states|The State Board of Education, with the approval of the Attorney General, is authorized to enter into reciprocal agreements with the boards of education in other states to share in the expense of securing the services of specialists or persons skilled in the education of children with disabilities. (Amended 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22; 2015, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
16 V.S.A. § 2955
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2955. Confidential information

§ 2955. Confidential information|Nothing in 12 V.S.A. § 1612(a) shall apply to this chapter. (Added 1981, No. 221 (Adj. Sess.), § 2.)
16 V.S.A. § 2956
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2956. Essential early education

§ 2956. Essential early education|After June 30, 1991, all eligible children with disabilities three through five years of age shall have access to appropriate essential early education services. (Added 1987, No. 68, § 4; amended 1989, No. 230 (Adj. Sess.), § 11; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22.)
16 V.S.A. § 2957
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2957. Special education administrative and judicial appeals; limitations

§ 2957. Special education administrative and judicial appeals; limitations|(a) An action against a local, intermediate, or State education agency seeking enforcement of special education rights under State or federal law shall be commenced by an administrative due process hearing within two years of the alleged violation or within two years of the date the alleged violation is or reasonably should have been discovered, and not after.(b) Subsection (a) of this section notwithstanding, an action against a local, intermediate, or State education agency for reimbursement of the costs of a unilateral special education placement shall be commenced by an administrative due process hearing within 90 days of the unilateral placement, and not after.(c) Where the parent, legal guardian, or surrogate parent has not been given proper notice of special education rights under State and federal law, including notice of the limitations in this section, such limitations shall run from the time notice of those rights is properly given.(d) An appeal from a final administrative decision in a special education due process hearing to a court of competent jurisdiction pursuant to 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2) shall be commenced within 90 days from the notice of the final decision, and not after.(e) Except as provided in 20 U.S.C. § 1412(a)(10)(C) or unless a court or hearing officer determines otherwise, where a unilateral placement has been made without offering the supervisory union for the school district of residence a reasonable opportunity to evaluate the child and to develop an individualized education program, reimbursement may not be sought for any costs incurred before the supervisory union is offered such an opportunity. (Added 1989, No. 107, § 4; amended 2001, No. 8, § 12; 2003, No. 36, § 17; 2005, No. 54, § 15; 2015, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 1, 2017.)
16 V.S.A. § 2959
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2959. Rulemaking; mediation

§ 2959. Rulemaking; mediation|(a) The State Board shall adopt rules governing the determination of a child's eligibility for special education, accounting and financial reporting standards, program requirements, procedural requirements, and the identification of the supervisory union or agency responsible for each child with a disability.(b) Subject to rules established by the State Board, the Secretary shall offer mediation to parents, children with disabilities, and districts, supervisory unions, and agencies involved in special education disputes. (Added 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 6; amended 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 203, eff. Feb. 14, 2014; 2015, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 1, 2017.)
16 V.S.A. § 2959b
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2959b. Individualized education programs

§ 2959b. Individualized education programs|A school district or supervisory union responsible for developing an individualized education program for a child with a disability may consider the cost of the provision of special education or related services to the child if:  (1) the district or supervisory union has developed the individualized education program in accordance with federal law through an individualized program team that included the parents; (2) the individualized education program team has determined that the child's placement contained in the program is appropriate for the child as that term is defined in federal law; and (3) all the options under consideration by the district or supervisory union for fulfilling the requirements of the child's individualized education program would constitute a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment for the child, as those terms are defined in federal law. (Added 1999, No. 117 (Adj. Sess.), § 5.)
16 V.S.A. § 2961
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2961. Standard mainstream block grants

§ 2961. Standard mainstream block grants|(a) Each supervisory union shall be eligible to receive a standard mainstream block grant each school year. The mainstream block grant shall be equal to the supervisory union's mainstream salary standard multiplied by 60 percent.(b) The supervisory union shall expend all such assistance for special education services or for remedial or compensatory services in accordance with its service plan as required under section 2964 of this title. It shall likewise expend, from local funds, an amount not less than 40 percent of its mainstream salary standard for special education.(c) As used in this section:  (1) "Mainstream salary standard" means:  (A) the supervisory union's full-time equivalent staffing for special education for the preceding year multiplied by the average special education teacher salary in the State for the preceding year; plus (B) an amount equal to the average special education administrator salary in the State for the preceding year, plus, for any supervisory union with member districts that have in the aggregate more than 1,500 average daily membership, a fraction of an additional full-time equivalent salary for a special education administrator, the numerator of which is the aggregate average daily membership of the supervisory union's member districts minus 1,500, and the denominator of which is the aggregate average daily membership of member districts in the largest supervisory union in the State minus 1,500.  (2) "Full-time equivalent staffing" means 9.75 special education teaching positions per 1,000 average daily membership.   (d) If in any fiscal year, a supervisory union in which a school is maintained does not expend an amount equal to its mainstream salary standard on special education expenditures, the supervisory union may expend the balance, including the matching funds, to provide support and remedial services pursuant to section 2902 or 2903 of this title. A supervisory union choosing to expend funds in this way shall submit a report describing the services provided and their costs with the final financial report submitted under section 2968 of this title. (Added 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 7; amended 1989, No. 230 (Adj. Sess.), § 15, eff. July 1, 1991; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 13; 1997, No. 60, §§ 30, 30a, eff. July 1, 1998; 2003, No. 130 (Adj. Sess.), § 6; 2015, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 1, 2017.)
16 V.S.A. § 2962
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2962. Extraordinary services reimbursement

§ 2962. Extraordinary services reimbursement|(a) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, extraordinary services reimbursement shall be payable, based on where the related cost is incurred, to a town school district, city school district, union school district, unified union school district, incorporated school district, the member school districts of an interstate school district, an unorganized town or gore, or to a supervisory union.(b) The amount of extraordinary services reimbursement provided to each district or supervisory union shall be equal to 95 percent of its extraordinary special education expenditures.(c) As used in this subchapter, "extraordinary special education expenditures" means a school district's or supervisory union's allowable expenditures that for any one child exceed $60,000.00 for a fiscal year. In this subsection, child means a student with disabilities who is three years of age or older in the current school year. The State Board shall define allowable expenditures that shall include any expenditures required under federal law, and any costs of mediation conducted by a mediator who is approved by the Secretary. (Added 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 7; amended 1989, No. 107, § 6; 1989, No. 230 (Adj. Sess.), §§ 18, 26; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 14, eff. July 1, 1997; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 22; 1997, No. 60, § 30b, eff. July 1, 1998; 2003, No. 36, § 13; 2003, No. 130 (Adj. Sess.), § 7; 2013, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 205, eff. Feb. 14, 2014; 2015, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 1, 2017; 2017, No. 173 (Adj. Sess.), § 14, eff. July 1, 2019.)
16 V.S.A. § 2963
2021 Vermont Statutes|Title 16 - Education|Chapter 101 - Special Education|§ 2963. Special education expenditures reimbursement

§ 2963. Special education expenditures reimbursement|(a) Based on where the related cost is incurred, each town school district, city school district, union school district, unified union school district, incorporated school district, the member school districts of an interstate school district, and unorganized town or gore or supervisory union shall receive a special education expenditures reimbursement grant each school year.(b) The amount of a school district's or supervisory union's special education expenditures reimbursement shall be equal to the total of its special education expenditures multiplied by the reimbursement rate for that year.(c) As used in this subchapter:  (1) Special education expenditures are allowable expenditures for special education, as defined by rule of the State Board, less the following:  (A) revenue from federal aid for special education; (B) mainstream service costs, as defined in subdivision 2961(c)(1) of this title; (C) extraordinary special education expenditures, as defined in section 2962 of this title; (D) any transportation expenses already reimbursed; (E) special education costs for a student eligible for aid under section 2963a of this title; and (F) other State funds used for special education costs as defined by the State Board by rule.  (2) The State Board shall define allowable expenditures under this subsection. Allowable expenditures shall include any expenditures required under federal law. (3) "Special education expenditures reimbursement rate" means a percentage of special education expenditures that is calculated to achieve the 60 percent share required by subsection 2967(b) of this title.   (d) [Repealed.]  (Added 1987, No. 235 (Adj. Sess.), § 7; amended 1989, No. 107, § 7; 1989, No. 230 (Adj. Sess.), § 19, eff. July 1, 1991; 1991, No. 104, § 1, eff. June 27, 1991; 1991, No. 104, § 3; 1995, No. 157 (Adj. Sess.), § 15, eff. July 1, 1997; 1997, No. 60, § 30c, eff. July 1, 1998; 1997, No. 71 (Adj. Sess.), § 114, eff. March 11, 1998; 2001, No. 8, § 13; 2003, No. 36, § 14; 2003, No. 130 (Adj. Sess.), § 8; 2015, No. 148 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 1, 2017; repealed on July 1, 2022 by 2017, No. 173 (Adj. Sess.), § 5, as amended by 2019, No. 112 (Adj. Sess.), § 10(b).)