reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Com Code § 8201 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8201.

8201.  (a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an “issuer” includes a person that does any of the following:(1) Places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation represented by the certificate.(2) Creates a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or undertakes an obligation, that is an uncertificated security.(3) Directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented by a security certificate.(4) Becomes responsible for, or in place of, another person described as an issuer in this section.(b) With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its obligation is noted on a security certificate.(c) With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8202 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8202.

8202.  (a) Even against a purchaser for value and without notice, the terms of a certificated security include terms stated on the certificate and terms made part of the security by reference on the certificate to another instrument, indenture, or document or to a constitution, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, or the like, to the extent the terms referred to do not conflict with terms stated on the certificate. A reference under this subdivision does not of itself charge a purchaser for value with notice of a defect going to the validity of the security, even if the certificate expressly states that a person accepting it admits notice. The terms of an uncertificated security include those stated in any instrument, indenture, or document or in a constitution, statute, ordinance, rule, regulation, order, or the like, pursuant to which the security is issued.(b) The following rules apply if an issuer asserts that a security is not valid:(1) A security other than one issued by a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, even though issued with a defect going to its validity, is valid in the hands of a purchaser for value and without notice of the particular defect unless the defect involves a violation of a constitutional provision. In that case, the security is valid in the hands of a purchaser for value and without notice of the defect, other than one who takes by original issue.(2) Paragraph (1) applies to an issuer that is a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality only if there has been substantial compliance with the legal requirements governing the issue or the issuer has received a substantial consideration for the issue as a whole or for the particular security and a stated purpose of the issue is one for which the issuer has power to borrow money or issue the security.(c) Except as otherwise provided in Section 8205, lack of genuineness of a certificated security is a complete defense, even against a purchaser for value and without notice.(d) All other defenses of the issuer of a security, including nondelivery and conditional delivery of a certificated security, are ineffective against a purchaser for value who has taken the certificated security without notice of the particular defense.(e) This section does not affect the right of a party to cancel a contract for a security “when, as and if issued” or “when distributed” in the event of a material change in the character of the security that is the subject of the contract or in the plan or arrangement pursuant to which the security is to be issued or distributed.(f) If a security is held by a securities intermediary against whom an entitlement holder has a security entitlement with respect to the security, the issuer may not assert any defense that the issuer could not assert if the entitlement holder held the security directly.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8203 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8203.

8203.  After an act or event, other than a call that has been revoked, creating a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a certificated security or setting a date on or after which the security is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchange, a purchaser is charged with notice of any defect in its issue or defense of the issuer, if the act or event either:(1) Requires the payment of money, the delivery of a certificated security, the registration of transfer of an uncertificated security, or any of them on presentation or surrender of the security certificate, the money or security is available on the date set for payment or exchange, and the purchaser takes the security more than one year after that date.(2) Is not covered by paragraph (1) and the purchaser takes the security more than two years after the date set for surrender or presentation or the date on which performance became due.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8204 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8204.

8204.  A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by the issuer, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without knowledge of the restriction unless either of the following applies:(1) The security is certificated and the restriction is noted conspicuously on the security certificate.(2) The security is uncertificated and the registered owner has been notified of the restriction.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8205 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8205.

8205.  An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before or in the course of issue is ineffective, but the signature is effective in favor of a purchaser for value of the certificated security if the purchaser is without notice of the lack of authority and the signing has been done by one of the following:(1) An authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or other person entrusted by the issuer with the signing of the security certificate or of similar security certificates, or the immediate preparation for signing of any of them.(2) An employee of the issuer, or of any of the persons listed in paragraph (1), entrusted with responsible handling of the security certificate.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8206 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8206.

8206.  (a) If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary to its issue or transfer but is incomplete in any other respect, the following apply:(1) Any person may complete it by filling in the blanks as authorized.(2) Even if the blanks are incorrectly filled in, the security certificate as completed is enforceable by a purchaser who took it for value and without notice of the incorrectness.(b) A complete security certificate that has been improperly altered, even if fraudulently, remains enforceable, but only according to its original terms.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8207 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8207.

8207.  (a) Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificated security in registered form or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer or indenture trustee may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to vote, receive notifications, and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of an owner.(b) This division does not affect the liability of the registered owner of a security for a call, assessment, or the like.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8208 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8208.

8208.  (a) A person signing a security certificate as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, warrants all of the following to a purchaser for value of the certificated security, if the purchaser is without notice of a particular defect:(1) The certificate is genuine.(2) The person’s own participation in the issue of the security is within the person’s capacity and within the scope of the authority received by the person from the issuer.(3) The person has reasonable grounds to believe that the certificated security is in the form and within the amount the issuer is authorized to issue.(b) Unless otherwise agreed, a person signing under subdivision (a) does not assume responsibility for the validity of the security in other respects.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8209 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8209.

8209.  A lien in favor of an issuer upon a certificated security is valid against a purchaser only if the right of the issuer to the lien is noted conspicuously on the security certificate.(Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8210 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer|Section 8210.

8210.  (a) In this section, “overissue” means the issue of securities in excess of the amount the issuer has corporate power to issue, but an overissue does not occur if appropriate action has cured the overissue.(b) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c) and (d), the provisions of this division that validate a security or compel its issue or reissue do not apply to the extent that validation, issue, or reissue would result in overissue.(c) If an identical security not constituting an overissue is reasonably available for purchase, a person entitled to issue or validation may compel the issuer to purchase the security and deliver it if certificated or register its transfer if uncertificated, against surrender of any security certificate the person holds.(d) If a security is not reasonably available for purchase, a person entitled to issue or validation may recover from the issuer the price the person or the last purchaser for value paid for it with interest from the date of the person’s demand.(Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8301 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8301.

8301.  (a) Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser occurs when any of the following occur:(1) The purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate.(2) Another person, other than a securities intermediary, either acquires possession of the security certificate on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired possession of the certificate, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser.(3) A securities intermediary acting on behalf of the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate, only if the certificate is in registered form and is (A) registered in the name of the purchaser, (B) payable to the order of the purchaser, or (C) specially endorsed to the purchaser by an effective endorsement and has not been endorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank.(b) Delivery of an uncertificated security to a purchaser occurs when any of the following occur:(1) The issuer registers the purchaser as the registered owner, upon original issue or registration of transfer.(2) Another person, other than a securities intermediary, either becomes the registered owner of the uncertificated security on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously become the registered owner, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser.(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 991, Sec. 33.3. Effective January 1, 2000. Operative July 1, 2001, by Sec. 75 of Ch. 991.)
CA Com Code § 8302 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8302.

8302.  (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security acquires all rights in the security that the transferor had or had power to transfer.(b) A purchaser of a limited interest acquires rights only to the extent of the interest purchased.(c) A purchaser of a certificated security who as a previous holder had notice of an adverse claim does not improve its position by taking from a protected purchaser.(Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 991, Sec. 33.4. Effective January 1, 2000. Operative July 1, 2001, by Sec. 75 of Ch. 991.)
CA Com Code § 8303 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8303.

8303.  (a) “Protected purchaser” means a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security, or of an interest therein, who does all of the following:(1) Gives value.(2) Does not have notice of any adverse claim to the security.(3) Obtains control of the certificated or uncertificated security.(b) In addition to acquiring the rights of a purchaser, a protected purchaser also acquires its interest in the security free of any adverse claim.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8304 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8304.

8304.  (a) An endorsement may be in blank or special. An endorsement in blank includes an endorsement to bearer. A special endorsement specifies to whom a security is to be transferred or who has power to transfer it. A holder may convert a blank endorsement to a special endorsement.(b) An endorsement purporting to be only of part of a security certificate representing units intended by the issuer to be separately transferable is effective to the extent of the endorsement.(c) An endorsement, whether special or in blank, does not constitute a transfer until delivery of the certificate on which it appears or, if the endorsement is on a separate document, until delivery of both the document and the certificate.(d) If a security certificate in registered form has been delivered to a purchaser without a necessary endorsement, the purchaser may become a protected purchaser only when the endorsement is supplied. However, against a transferor, a transfer is complete upon delivery and the purchaser has a specifically enforceable right to have any necessary endorsement supplied.(e) An endorsement of a security certificate in bearer form may give notice of an adverse claim to the certificate, but it does not otherwise affect a right to registration that the holder possesses.(f) Unless otherwise agreed, a person making an endorsement assumes only the obligations provided in Section 8108 and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8305 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8305.

8305.  (a) If an instruction has been originated by an appropriate person but is incomplete in any other respect, any person may complete it as authorized and the issuer may rely on it as completed, even though it has been completed incorrectly.(b) Unless otherwise agreed, a person initiating an instruction assumes only the obligations imposed by Section 8108 and not an obligation that the security will be honored by the issuer.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8306 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8306.

8306.  (a) A person who guarantees a signature of an endorser of a security certificate warrants that at the time of signing all of the following were true:(1) The signature was genuine.(2) The signer was an appropriate person to endorse, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person.(3) The signer had legal capacity to sign.(b) A person who guarantees a signature of the originator of an instruction warrants that at the time of signing all of the following were true:(1) The signature was genuine.(2) The signer was an appropriate person to originate the instruction, or if the signature is by an agent, the agent had actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person, if the person specified in the instruction as the registered owner was, in fact, the registered owner, as to which fact the signature guarantor does not make a warranty.(3) The signer had legal capacity to sign.(c) A person who specially guarantees the signature of an originator of an instruction makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subdivision (b) and also warrants that at the time the instruction is presented to the issuer all of the following are true:(1) The person specified in the instruction as the registered owner of the uncertificated security will be the registered owner.(2) The transfer of the uncertificated security requested in the instruction will be registered by the issuer free from all liens, security interests, restrictions, and claims other than those specified in the instruction.(d) A guarantor under subdivisions (a) and (b) or a special guarantor under subdivision (c) does not otherwise warrant the rightfulness of the transfer.(e) A person who guarantees an endorsement of a security certificate makes the warranties of a signature guarantor under subdivision (a) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.(f) A person who guarantees an instruction requesting the transfer of an uncertificated security makes the warranties of a special signature guarantor under subdivision (c) and also warrants the rightfulness of the transfer in all respects.(g) An issuer may not require a special guaranty of signature, a guaranty of endorsement, or a guaranty of instruction as a condition to registration of transfer.(h) The warranties under this section are made to a person taking or dealing with the security in reliance on the guaranty, and the guarantor is liable to the person for loss resulting from their breach. An endorser or originator of an instruction whose signature, endorsement, or instruction has been guaranteed is liable to a guarantor for any loss suffered by the guarantor as a result of breach of the warranties of the guarantor.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8307 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities|Section 8307.

8307.  Unless otherwise agreed, the transferor of a security on due demand shall supply the purchaser with proof of authority to transfer or with any other requisite necessary to obtain registration of the transfer of the security, but if the transfer is not for value, a transferor need not comply unless the purchaser pays the necessary expenses. If the transferor fails within a reasonable time to comply with the demand, the purchaser may reject or rescind the transfer.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)
CA Com Code § 8401 (2021)
2021 California Code|Commercial Code - COM|DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES|CHAPTER 4 - Registration|Section 8401.

8401.  (a) If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer or an instruction is presented to an issuer with a request to register transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer shall register the transfer as requested if the following conditions are met:(1) Under the terms of the security the person seeking registration of transfer is eligible to have the security registered in its name.(2) The endorsement or instruction is made by the appropriate person or by an agent who has actual authority to act on behalf of the appropriate person.(3) Reasonable assurance is given that the endorsement or instruction is genuine and authorized (Section 8402).(4) Any applicable law relating to the collection of taxes has been complied with.(5) The transfer does not violate any restriction on transfer imposed by the issuer in accordance with Section 8204.(6) A demand that the issuer not register transfer has not become effective under Section 8403, or the issuer has complied with subdivision (b) of Section 8403 but no legal process or indemnity bond is obtained as provided in subdivision (d) of Section 8403.(7) The transfer is in fact rightful or is to a protected purchaser.(b) If an issuer is under a duty to register a transfer of a security, the issuer is liable to a person presenting a certificated security or an instruction for registration or to the person’s principal for loss resulting from unreasonable delay in registration or failure or refusal to register the transfer.(Repealed and added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)