reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 16-831.08 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 8A - Third-Party Custody|§ 16-831.08. Factors to consider in determining best interests of child

(a) In determining whether custody with a third party, pursuant to this chapter, is in the child’s best interests, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including: (1) The child’s need for continuity of care and caretakers, and for timely integration into a stable and permanent home, taking into account the differences in the development and the concept of time of children of different ages; (2) The physical, mental, and emotional health of all individuals involved to the degree that each affects the welfare of the child, the decisive consideration being the physical, mental, and emotional needs of the child; (3) The quality of the interaction and interrelationship of the child with his or her parent, siblings, relatives, and caretakers, including the third-party complainant or movant; and (4) To the extent feasible, the child’s opinion of his or her own best interests in the matter. (b) There shall be a rebuttable presumption that granting custody to a third party who has committed an intrafamily offense is not in the best interest of the child.  (Sept. 20, 2007, D.C. Law 17-21, § 2(b), 54 DCR 6835; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, § 217(i), 56 DCR 1117.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 16-831.07. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated a previously made technical correction in the section designation. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2(b) of Safe and Stable Homes for Children and Youth Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-69, July 9, 2007, 54 DCR 6826).
DC Code § 16-831.09 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 8A - Third-Party Custody|§ 16-831.09. Pendente lite relief

(a)(1) During the pendency of any proceeding under this chapter, the court may determine, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, the custody of the child pending final determination of that issue. (2) The pendente lite hearing shall be held no later than 30 days after a party requests a pendente lite custody determination by the court. (3) The court may enter any appropriate pendente lite relief pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. (4) Except when all parties consent to the pendente lite order, the court shall issue written findings. (b)(1) Unless the parties agree otherwise, any pendente lite order shall include a date certain for trial on the complaint or motion, not to exceed 120 days from issuance of the pendente lite order. (2) Extensions of the trial date will not be routinely granted. Only upon motion of a party or on the court’s own motion and a showing of good cause may the trial date be extended. Any order extending the trial date shall be accompanied by written findings.  (Sept. 20, 2007, D.C. Law 17-21, § 2(b), 54 DCR 6835; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, § 217(j), 56 DCR 1117.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated a previously made technical correction in the section designation. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2(b) of Safe and Stable Homes for Children and Youth Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-69, July 9, 2007, 54 DCR 6826).
DC Code § 16-831.10 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 8A - Third-Party Custody|§ 16-831.10. Effect of a third-party custody order

An order awarding physical or legal custody of a child to a third party shall not terminate the parent and child relationship, including: (1) The right of the child to inherit from his or her parent; (2) The parent’s right to visit or contact the child, except as limited by court order; (3) The parent’s right to consent to the child’s adoption; (4) The parent’s right to determine the child’s religious affiliation; and (5) The parent’s responsibility to provide financial, medical, and other support for the child.  (Sept. 20, 2007, D.C. Law 17-21, § 2(b), 54 DCR 6835; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, § 217(k), 56 DCR 1117.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated a previously made technical correction in the section designation. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2(b) of Safe and Stable Homes for Children and Youth Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-69, July 9, 2007, 54 DCR 6826).
DC Code § 16-831.11 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 8A - Third-Party Custody|§ 16-831.11. Modification or termination of orders

(a) An award of custody to a third party under this chapter may be modified or terminated upon the motion of any party, or on the court’s own motion, upon a determination that there has been a substantial and material change in circumstances and that the modification or termination is in the best interests of the child. (b) When a motion to modify an award of custody to a third party under this chapter is filed, the burden of proof is on the party seeking a change, and the standard of proof shall be by a preponderance of the evidence. (c) Any award of custody based on revocable parental consent entered pursuant to the agreement of all parties under § 16-831.06(d) shall be immediately vacated and of no further effect upon the filing of a revocation by the consenting parent or the third party.  (Sept. 20, 2007, D.C. Law 17-21, § 2(b), 54 DCR 6835; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, § 217(l), 56 DCR 1117.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated a previously made technical correction in the section designation. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2(b) of Safe and Stable Homes for Children and Youth Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-69, July 9, 2007, 54 DCR 6826).
DC Code § 16-831.12 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 8A - Third-Party Custody|§ 16-831.12. Jurisdiction

The court shall retain jurisdiction to enforce, modify, or terminate a custody order issued under this chapter, subject to the provisions of Chapter 46 of this title, until the child reaches 18 years of age.  (Sept. 20, 2007, D.C. Law 17-21, § 2(b), 54 DCR 6835; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, § 217(m), 56 DCR 1117.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated a previously made technical correction in the section designation. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2(b) of Safe and Stable Homes for Children and Youth Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-69, July 9, 2007, 54 DCR 6826).
DC Code § 16-831.13 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 8A - Third-Party Custody|§ 16-831.13. Other actions for custody not abolished, diminished, or preempted

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the ability of any person to seek custody of a child under any other statutory, common law, or equitable cause of action or to preempt any authority of the court to hear and adjudicate custody claims under the court’s common law or equitable jurisdiction.  (Sept. 20, 2007, D.C. Law 17-21, § 2(b), 54 DCR 6835; Mar. 25, 2009, D.C. Law 17-353, § 217(n), 56 DCR 1117.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 17-353 validated a previously made technical correction in the section designation. Cross References Family Court of the Superior Court, exclusive jurisdiction, see § 11-1101. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition, see § 2(b) of Safe and Stable Homes for Children and Youth Emergency Amendment Act of 2007 (D.C. Act 17-69, July 9, 2007, 54 DCR 6826).
DC Code § 16-903 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-903. Decree annulling marriage

A decree annulling the marriage as illegal and void may be rendered on any of the grounds specified by sections 46-401.01 and 46-403 as invalidating a marriage.  (Dec. 23, 1963, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1, 77 Stat. 560; Mar. 3, 2010, D.C. Law 18-110, § 4, 57 DCR 27.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-903. 1973 Ed., § 16-903. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 18-110 substituted “46-401.01” for “ 46-401”. Cross References Voidable marriages, grounds, see § 46-402.
DC Code § 16-904 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-904. Grounds for divorce, legal separation, and annulment

(a) A divorce from the bonds of marriage may be granted if: (1) both parties to the marriage have mutually and voluntarily lived separate and apart without cohabitation for a period of six months next preceding the commencement of the action; (2) both parties to the marriage have lived separate and apart without cohabitation for a period of one year next preceding the commencement of the action. (b) A legal separation from bed and board may be granted if: (1) both parties to the marriage have mutually and voluntarily lived separate and apart without cohabitation; or (2) both parties to the marriage have lived separate and apart without cohabitation for a period of one year next preceding the commencement of the action. (3) Repealed. (4) Repealed. (c) For purposes of subsections (1) and (2) of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, parties who have pursued separate lives, sharing neither bed nor board, shall be deemed to have lived separate and apart from one another even though: (1) they reside under the same roof; or (2) the separation is pursuant to an order of a court. (d) Marriage contracts may be annulled in the following cases: (1) where such marriage was contracted while either of the parties thereto had a former spouse living, unless the former marriage had been lawfully dissolved; (2) where such marriage was contracted during the insanity of either party (unless there has been voluntary cohabitation after the discovery of the insanity); (3) where such marriage was procured by fraud or coercion; (4) where either party was matrimonially incapacitated at the time of marriage without the knowledge of the other and has continued to be so incapacitated; or (5) where either of the parties had not attained the age of legal consent to the contract of marriage (unless there has been voluntary cohabitation after attaining the age of legal consent), but in such cases only at the suit of the party who had not attained such age. (e) Domestic partnerships registered under § 32-702(a) or relationships recognized under § 32-702(i) may be terminated by judicial decree or judgment.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 560, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 889, Pub. L. 89-217, § 2; Apr. 7, 1977, D.C. Law 1-107, title I, § 102, 23 DCR 8737; Mar. 24, 1998, D.C. Law 12-81, § 10(f), 45 DCR 745; Oct. 19, 2002, D.C. Law 14-207, § 2(b), 49 DCR 7827; Sept. 12, 2008, D.C. Law 17-231, § 20(a), 55 DCR 6758; Apr. 9, 2016, D.C. Law 21-105, § 2(a), 63 DCR 217.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-904. 1973 Ed., § 16-904. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 14-207, in subsec. (b), made nonsubstantive changes in pars. (1) and (2), and repealed pars. (3) and (4). D.C. Law 17-231, in subsec. (d)(1), substituted “spouse” for “wife or husband”. Cross References Nonresident and absent defendants, service of process by publication, see § 13-336.
DC Code § 16-905 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-905. Revocation and enlargement of decree of legal separation

(a) The court may revoke its decree of legal separation at any time, upon the joint application of the parties to be discharged from the operation of the decree. (b) The court may enlarge its decree of legal separation to an absolute divorce upon application of the party to whom the decree of legal separation was granted, a copy of which application shall be duly served upon the adverse party, if the court finds on the basis of affidavits that no reconciliation has taken place or is probable and that a separation has continued voluntarily and without interruption for a six-month period or without interruption for a period of one year.  (Dec. 23, 1963, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1, 77 Stat. 561; Apr. 7, 1977, D.C. Law 1-107, title I, § 103, 23 DCR 8737; Oct. 19, 2002, D.C. Law 14-207, § 2(c), 49 DCR 7827.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-905. 1973 Ed., § 16-905. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 14-207, in subsec. (a), substituted “legal separation” for “divorce from bed and board”.
DC Code § 16-906 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-906. Causes for absolute divorce arising after decree for separation

Where a legal separation has been decreed the court may afterwards decree an absolute divorce between the parties for any cause arising since the first decree and sufficient to entitle the complaining party to the second decree.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 561, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; Oct. 19, 2002, D.C. Law 14-207, § 2(d), 49 DCR 7827.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-906. 1973 Ed., § 16-906. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 14-207 substituted “legal separation” for “divorce from bed and board”.
DC Code § 16-907 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-907. Parent and child relationship defined

(a) The term “legitimate” or “legitimated” means that the parent-child relationship exists for all rights, privileges, duties, and obligations under the laws of the District of Columbia. (b) The term “born out of wedlock” solely describes the circumstances that a child has been born to parents who, at the time of its birth, were not married to each other. The term “born in wedlock” solely describes the circumstances that a child has been born to parents who, at the time of its birth, were married to each other. (c) A child born to parents in a domestic partnership shall be treated for all legal purposes as a child born in wedlock. For the purposes of this subsection, the term “domestic partnership” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(4), but shall exclude a domestic partnership where a domestic partner is the parent, grandparent, sibling, child, grandchild, niece, nephew, aunt, or uncle of a woman who gives birth to a child.  (Dec. 23, 1963, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1, 77 Stat. 561; Apr. 7, 1977, D.C. Law 1-107, title I, § 104, 23 DCR 8737; July 18, 2008, D.C. Law 18-33, § 3(b), 56 DCR 4269.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-907. 1973 Ed., § 16-907. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 18-33 added subsec. (c).
DC Code § 16-908 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-908. Relationship not dependent on marriage or domestic partnership

A child is the legitimate child of any parent under which a parent-child relationship is established pursuant to § 16-909, and is the legitimate relative of its parents’ relatives by blood or adoption and entitled to all rights, privileges, duties, and obligations under the laws of the District of Columbia.  (Dec. 23, 1963, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1, 77 Stat. 561; Apr. 7, 1977, D.C. Law 1-107, title I, § 105, 23 DCR 8737; July 18, 2008, D.C. Law 18-33, § 3(c), 56 DCR 4269.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-908. 1973 Ed., § 16-908. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 18-33 rewrote the section, which had read as follows: “A child born in wedlock or born out of wedlock is the legitimate child of its father and mother and is the legitimate relative of its father’s and mother’s relatives by blood or adoption.”
DC Code § 16-909.02 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-909.02. Full faith and credit to parentage determinations by other states

The District of Columbia government shall give full faith and credit to the determinations of parentage made by other states, whether established through voluntary acknowledgment or through an administrative or judicial process.  (Mar. 16, 1995, D.C. Law 10-223, § 2(d), 41 DCR 8051; July 18, 2008, D.C. Law 18-33, § 3(f), 56 DCR 4269.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-909.2. Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 18-33 substituted “parentage” for “paternity”. Temporary Legislation For temporary (225 day) addition of section, see § 102(b) of the Paternity Acknowledgment and Gas Station Advisory Board Re-establishment Temporary Act of 1996 (D.C. Law 11-206, April 9, 1997, law notification 44 DCR 2401). Editor's Notes Mayor authorized to issue rules: Section 3 of D.C. Law 10-223 provided that, pursuant to Subtitle I of Chapter 15 of Title 1, the Mayor may issue rules to implement the provisions of the act. Section 28(b)(1) of D.C. Law 15-354 provided that the section designation of § 16-901.2 of the District of Columbia Official Code is redesignated as § 16-901.02.
DC Code § 16-909.04 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-909.04. Voluntary paternity acknowledgment program for birth records agency

(a) The Registrar of Vital Records shall offer to any person seeking to file or amend a birth certificate that does not include the names of 2 parents: (1) Written materials concerning paternity establishment; (2) Forms necessary to acknowledge paternity voluntarily that meet the federal requirements; (3) A written and oral description of the alternatives to, the legal consequences of, and the rights and responsibilities that arise from, signing a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity (the oral description may be videotaped or audiotaped); (4) Written notice that a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity is not effectuated unless the mother and putative father each signs the form under oath and a notary authenticates the signatures; (5) The services of a notary on the premises; (6) The opportunity to speak, by telephone or in person, with staff of the IV-D agency or Registrar who are trained to clarify information and answer questions about paternity establishment; and (7) The opportunity to acknowledge paternity voluntarily at the birth records agency. (b) The Registrar of Vital Records shall establish procedures for the recording in the records of the Registrar, and for the transmittal to the IV-D agency of completed voluntary acknowledgments of paternity, and of information contained in an acknowledgment that may be used in the establishment or enforcement of a support order.  (Apr. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 13-269, § 106(f), 48 DCR 1270; July 18, 2008, D.C. Law 18-33, § 3(g), 56 DCR 4269.)  Effect of Amendments D.C. Law 18-33 substituted “the names of 2 parents” for “a father’s name”. Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of this section, see § 105(f) of the Child Support and Welfare Reform Compliance Emergency Amendment Act of 2000 (D.C. Act 13-446, November 7, 2000, 47 DCR 9213). For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 106(f) of Child Support and Welfare Reform Compliance Congressional Review Emergency Amendment Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-5, February 13, 2001, 48 DCR 2440). Temporary Legislation For temporary (225 day) addition of section, see § 105(f) of Child Support and Welfare Reform Compliance Temporary Amendment Act of 2000 (D.C. Law 13-207, March 31, 2001, law notification 48 DCR 3238). Editor's Notes Section 28(b)(1) of D.C. Law 15-354 provided that the section designation of § 16-901.4 of the District of Columbia Official Code is redesignated as § 16-901.04.
DC Code § 16-909.05 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-909.05. Mayor authorized to designate other sites for paternity acknowledgment program

The Mayor is authorized to establish voluntary paternity establishment services at entities other than hospitals, or the Vital Records Office, by publishing a notice of such location in the D.C. Register. The Mayor may only designate entities that meet the applicable federal requirements and comply with the same requirements that apply to birthing hospitals as set forth in section 16-909.03 .  (Apr. 3, 2001, D.C. Law 13-269, § 106(f), 48 DCR 1270.)  Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 day) addition of this section, see § 105(f) of the Child Support and Welfare Reform Compliance Emergency Amendment Act of 2000 (D.C. Act 13-446, November 7, 2000, 47 DCR 9213). For temporary (90 day) addition of section, see § 106(f) of Child Support and Welfare Reform Compliance Congressional Review Emergency Amendment Act of 2001 (D.C. Act 14-5, February 13, 2001, 48 DCR 2440). Temporary Legislation For temporary (225 day) addition of section, see § 105(f) of Child Support and Welfare Reform Compliance Temporary Amendment Act of 2000 (D.C. Law 13-207, March 31, 2001, law notification 48 DCR 3238). Editor's Notes Section 28(b)(1) of D.C. Law 15-354 provided that the section designation of § 16-901.5 of the District of Columbia Official Code is redesignated as § 16-901.05.
DC Code § 16-912 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-912. Permanent alimony; enforcement. [Repealed]

Repealed.  (Dec. 23, 1963, 77 Stat. 562, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1; Oct. 1, 1976, D.C. Law 1-87, § 15, 23 DCR 2544; Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 803(b)(2), 48 DCR 2087; Oct. 19, 2002, D.C. Law 14-207, § 2(g), 49 DCR 7827.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-912. 1973 Ed., § 16-912. Cross References Child support enforcement, attachment or garnishment of wages of District of Columbia employees, see § 1-507.
DC Code § 16-914.01 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-914.01. Retention of jurisdiction as to alimony, custody of children, and child support

After the issuance of a judgment, decree, or order granting custody, child support, or alimony, the Court retains jurisdiction for the entry of future orders modifying or terminating the initial judgment, decree, or order to the extent the retention of jurisdiction does not contravene other statutory provisions.  (Oct. 19, 2002, D.C. Law 14-207, § 2(j), 49 DCR 7827.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 16-831.03.
DC Code § 16-915 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 16 - Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc|§ 16-915. Change of name on divorce

Upon divorce from the bond of marriage, the court shall, on request of a party who assumed a new name on marriage and desires to discontinue using it, state in the decree of divorce either the birth-given or other previous name which such person desires to use.  (Dec. 23, 1963, Pub. L. 88-241, § 1, 77 Stat. 562; Oct. 1, 1976, D.C. Law 1-87, § 18, 23 DCR 2544.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 16-915. 1973 Ed., § 16-915.