reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 23-2-1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 23-2-1. When Equity Will Set Aside Judgment

 Reserved. Repealed by Ga. L. 1986, p. 294, § 3, effective March 26, 1986.   Editor's notes.   - This Code section was based on Orig. Code 1863, § 3062; Code 1868, § 3074; Code 1873, § 3129; Code 1882, § 3129; Civil Code 1895, § 3988; Civil Code 1910, § 4585; Code 1933, § 37-220.   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Right of infant to set aside consent judgment in action for personal injuries, 20 A.L.R. 1249.    Nonresidence of one or both parties as affecting jurisdiction of court of suit or proceeding to annul divorce decree rendered in same state, 33 A.L.R. 469.    Mental incompetency at the time of rendition of judgment in civil action as ground of attack upon it, 34 A.L.R. 221; 140 A.L.R. 1336.    Criterion of extrinsic fraud as distinguished from intrinsic fraud, as regards relief from judgment on ground of fraud, 88 A.L.R. 1201.    Retention of jurisdiction in suit in equity to determine whole controversy, including amount of loss or damage, after setting aside an award or finding by arbitrators or appraisers, 112 A.L.R. 9.    'Rightness' of judgment as open for consideration in suit in equity to complete or effectuate it, 139 A.L.R. 1507.    Constructive service of process in action against nonresident to set aside judgment, 163 A.L.R. 504.    Misinformation by judge or clerk of court as to status of case or time of trial or hearing as ground for relief from judgment, 164 A.L.R. 537.   Power of successor judge taking office during termtime to vacate, etc., judgment entered by his predecessor, 11 A.L.R.2d 1117.   Setting aside default judgment for failure of statutory agent on whom process was served to notify defendant, 20 A.L.R.2d 1179.   Right of successful party to have judgment in his favor vacated or set aside on grounds of mistake, inadvertence, excusable neglect, or the like, 40 A.L.R.2d 1127.   Appealability of order vacating, or refusing to vacate, approval of settlement of infant's tort claim, 77 A.L.R.2d 801.   Consent as ground of vacating judgment, or granting new trial, in civil case, after expiration of term or time prescribed by statute or rules of court, 3 A.L.R.3d 1191.   Opening default or default judgment claimed to have been obtained because of attorney's mistake as to time or place of appearance, trial, or filing of necessary papers, 21 A.L.R.3d 1255.   Liability insurer's right to open or set aside, or contest matters relating to merits of, judgment against insured, entered in action in which insurer did not appear or defend, 27 A.L.R.3d 350.   Fraud in obtaining or maintaining default judgment as ground for vacating or setting aside in state courts, 78 A.L.R.3d 150.
GA Code § 23-2-2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 23-2-2. Setting Aside Sale or Contract for Inadequate Consideration

 Great inadequacy of consideration, joined with great disparity of mental ability in contracting a bargain, may justify equity in setting aside a sale or other contract.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3110; Code 1868, § 3122; Code 1873, § 3179; Code 1882, § 3179; Civil Code 1895, § 4033; Civil Code 1910, § 4630; Code 1933, § 37-710.)   Cross references.   - For further provisions regarding inadequacy of consideration, see § 13-3-46.   Law reviews.   - For article discussing effect of contracts involving fraud or inadequate consideration, see 4 Ga. L. Rev. 469 (1970).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Applicability of Section   Inadequate Consideration and Mental Disparity Generally   Valuation of Consideration   Pleading and Practice    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 25 Am. Jur. 2d, Duress and Undue Influence, § 35 et seq. 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 20. 37 Am. Jur. 2d, Fraud and Deceit, § 23.   C.J.S.   - 37 C.J.S., Fraud, §§ 1, 60, 67.
GA Code § 23-2-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 23-2-3. Payment of Lost Bonds or Notes

 In cases of lost bonds or negotiable securities, the court may decree that payment shall be made, provided indemnity is given against liability or loss resulting from such payment.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3046; Code 1868, § 3058; Code 1873, § 3113; Code 1882, § 3113; Civil Code 1895, § 3969; Civil Code 1910, § 4566; Code 1933, § 37-214.)   Law reviews.   - For note, the voluntary-payment doctrine in Georgia, see 16 Ga. L. Rev. 893 (1982).
GA Code § 23-2-20 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-20. Which Accidents Relievable in Equity

 An accident relievable in equity is an occurrence, not the result of negligence or misconduct of the party seeking relief in relation to a contract, as was not anticipated by the parties when the contract was entered into, which gives an undue advantage to one of them over another in a court of law.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3045; Code 1868, § 3057; Code 1873, § 3112; Code 1882, § 3112; Civil Code 1895, § 3968; Civil Code 1910, § 4565; Code 1933, § 37-201.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 44.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 44 et seq.   ALR.    - Right to recover back in an action at law money paid upon an existing judgment, procured by or grounded on fraud or mistake, 9 A.L.R. 400.    Insurance: death or injury resulting from insured's voluntary act as caused by accident or accidental means, 42 A.L.R. 243; 45 A.L.R. 1528; 71 A.L.R. 1437; 111 A.L.R. 628.   Mistake, accident, inadvertence, etc., as ground for relief from termination or forfeiture of oil or gas lease for failure to complete well, commence drilling, or pay rental, strictly on time, 5 A.L.R.2d 993.   Rupture of blood vessel following exertion or exercise as within terms of accident provision of insurance policy, 35 A.L.R.2d 1105.   Power of equity court to reach or to sequester, for seizure and sale, beneficial equitable interests in corporate stock shares, 42 A.L.R.2d 920.   Repeated absorption of poisonous substance as "accident" within coverage clause of comprehensive general liability policy, 49 A.L.R.2d 1263.   Accident insurance: death or injury intentionally inflicted by another as due to accident or accidental means, 49 A.L.R.3d 673.
GA Code § 23-2-21 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-21. What Mistakes Relievable in Equity; Power to Relieve to Be Exercised Cautiously

  A mistake relievable in equity is some unintentional act, omission, or error arising from ignorance, surprise, imposition, or misplaced confidence.   Mistakes may be either of law or of fact.   The power to relieve mistakes shall be exercised with caution; to justify it, the evidence shall be clear, unequivocal, and decisive as to the mistake.    (Orig. Code 1863, §§ 3050, 3053; Code 1868, §§ 3062, 3065; Code 1873, §§ 3117, 3120; Code 1882, §§ 3117, 3120; Civil Code 1895, §§ 3973, 3977; Civil Code 1910, §§ 4570, 4574; Code 1933, §§ 37-202, 37-203.)   Cross references.   - Form of complaint for money paid by mistake, § 9-11-107.   Law reviews.   - For note, the voluntary-payment doctrine in Georgia, see 16 Ga. L. Rev. 893 (1982).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Mutual Mistake   Ignorance of Fact   Reasonable Diligence   Pleading and Practice    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, §§ 29, 30.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 44 et seq.   ALR.    - Relief from contract of sale because of mistake as to amount of commodity which it calls for, 31 A.L.R. 384.    Recovery back of public money paid by mistake, 63 A.L.R. 1346.    Misrepresentation or mistake as to whether corporate stock is assessable as one of law or of fact, 65 A.L.R. 1256.    Mistake as to law of another state or country as one of law or of fact, 73 A.L.R. 1260.    Good faith in receiving payment made under mistake of fact as affecting its recovery, 87 A.L.R. 649.    Conscious ignorance of fact, as distinguished from mistake of fact, as ground for reformation of contract, 137 A.L.R. 908.    Mistake by one party to contract as to identity of other party who acted in good faith, 147 A.L.R. 1171.    Right to refund or recovery back of taxes paid on property not owned by taxpayer, 165 A.L.R. 879.   Reformation of property insurance policy to correctly identify the person or interest insured, 25 A.L.R.2d 580.   What constitutes change of position by payee so as to preclude recovery of payment made under mistake, 40 A.L.R.2d 997.   Compensation for improvements made or placed on premises of another by mistake, 57 A.L.R.2d 263.   Right of tenant to recover rentals previously paid to one mistakenly believed to be owner of property, 57 A.L.R.2d 350.   Recovery back by employer of compensation paid to employee as result of mistake or the employee's fraud, 88 A.L.R.2d 1437.   What constitutes mistake in the identity of one of the parties to warrant annulment of marriage, 50 A.L.R.3d 1295.
GA Code § 23-2-23 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-23. Mistake of Law in Instrument by Agent

 A mistake of law by the draftsman or other agent, by which the contract, as executed, does not fulfill or violates the manifest intention of the parties to the agreement, may be relieved in equity.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3056; Code 1868, § 3068; Code 1873, § 3123; Code 1882, § 3123; Civil Code 1895, § 3980; Civil Code 1910, § 4577; Code 1933, § 37-205.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, §§ 35, 36.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 44 et seq.   ALR.    - Relief in equity from mistake of law, 75 A.L.R. 896.
GA Code § 23-2-24 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-24. When Mistake of Fact Relieved

 In all cases of a mistake of fact material to the contract or other matter affected by it, if the complaining party applies within a reasonable time, equity will grant relief.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3058; Code 1868, § 3070; Code 1873, § 3125; Code 1882, § 3125; Civil Code 1895, § 3983; Civil Code 1910, § 4580; Code 1933, § 37-206.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, §§ 31, 32.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 44 et seq.   ALR.    - Ignorance of, or mistake as to, terms of existing mortgage upon the property as ground for relief from a contract for the purchase of real property, 26 A.L.R. 528.    Relief from contract of sale because of mistake as to amount of commodity which it calls for, 31 A.L.R. 384.    Good faith in receiving payment made under mistake of fact as affecting its recovery, 87 A.L.R. 649.    Property rights in respect of building, fence, or other structure placed upon another's land through mistake as to boundary or location, 130 A.L.R. 1034.    Conscious ignorance of fact, as distinguished from mistake of fact, as ground for reformation of contract, 137 A.L.R. 908.    Reformation on ground of mutual mistake regarding character or extent of estate or title imported by language used in instrument, 141 A.L.R. 826.    Mistake as to existence, practicability of removal, or amount of minerals as ground for relief from mineral lease, 163 A.L.R. 878.   Measure and items of recovery for improvements mistakenly placed or made on land of another, 24 A.L.R.2d 11.   Recovery back by employer of compensation paid to employee as result of mistake or the employee's fraud, 88 A.L.R.2d 1437.   Reformation of property insurance policy to correctly identify the person or interest insured, 25 A.L.R.3d 580.   Vendor and purchaser: mutual mistake as to physical condition of realty as ground for rescission, 50 A.L.R.3d 1188.   What constitutes mistake in the identity of one of the parties to warrant annulment of marriage, 50 A.L.R.3d 1295.   When statute of limitations begins to run against action to recover money paid by mistake, 79 A.L.R.3d 754.   Right of insurer under health or hospitalization policy to restitution of payments made under mistake, 79 A.L.R.3d 1113.
GA Code § 23-2-26 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-26. Accident or Mistake in Execution of Power

 Accident or mistake in the execution of a power or causing the defective execution of the power will be remedied in equity.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3061; Code 1868, § 3073; Code 1873, § 3128; Code 1882, § 3128; Civil Code 1895, § 3986; Civil Code 1910, § 4583; Code 1933, § 37-218.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.    - Mistake by one party to contract as to identity of other party who acted in good faith, 147 A.L.R. 1171.
GA Code § 23-2-27 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-27. Equitable Interference Not Authorized by Mere Ignorance of Law

 Mere ignorance of the law on the part of the party himself, where the facts are all known and there is no misplaced confidence and no artifice, deception, or fraudulent practice is used by the other party either to induce the mistake of law or to prevent its correction, shall not authorize the intervention of equity.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3054; Code 1868, § 3066; Code 1873, § 3121; Code 1882, § 3121; Civil Code 1895, § 3978; Civil Code 1910, § 4575; Code 1933, § 37-209.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 34.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 44 et seq.   ALR.    - Ignorance of legal right to avoid contract or conveyance made during infancy as affecting ratification thereof upon attaining majority, 5 A.L.R. 137.    Right to cancellation in equity of an instrument not invalid on its face in which one is named as a party without his consent, 51 A.L.R. 867.    Misrepresentation as to tax law as within rule that party to contract or other instrument may not rely upon misrepresentations as to matters of law, 153 A.L.R. 538.   Misrepresentation as to matters of foreign law as actionable, 24 A.L.R.2d 1039.
GA Code § 23-2-28 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-28. Equitable Interference Not Authorized by Mutual Ignorance of Fact; Mistake in Judgment of Value

 Ignorance of a fact by both parties shall not justify the interference of equity; nor shall a mistake in judgment or opinion merely as to the value of property authorize such interference.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3060; Code 1868, § 3072; Code 1873, § 3127; Code 1882, § 3127; Civil Code 1895, § 3985; Civil Code 1910, § 4582; Code 1933, § 37-210.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 22.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 44 et seq.   ALR.    - Conscious ignorance of fact, as distinguished from mistake of fact, as ground for reformation of contract, 137 A.L.R. 908.    Relief, by way of rescission or adjustment of purchase price, for mutual mistake as to quantity of land, where contract of sale fixes compensation at a specified rate per acre or other area unit, 153 A.L.R. 4.    Mistake as to existence, practicability of removal, or amount of minerals as ground for relief from mineral lease, 163 A.L.R. 878.   Relief by way of rescission or adjustment of purchase price for mutual mistake as to quantity of land, where the sale is in gross, 1 A.L.R.2d 9.   Effect, as between stockbroker and customer, of broker's mistaken sale of security other than that intended by customer, 48 A.L.R.3d 513.   Vendor and purchaser: mutual mistake as to physical condition of realty as ground for rescission, 50 A.L.R.3d 1188.   Modern status of rules as to avoidance of release of personal injury claim on ground of mistake as to nature and extent of injuries, 13 A.L.R.4th 686.
GA Code § 23-2-29 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-29. Equitable Interference Not Authorized by Failure to Exercise Diligence; Ignorance of Fact Absent Fraud

 If a party, by reasonable diligence, could have had knowledge of the truth, equity shall not grant relief; nor shall the ignorance of a fact known to the opposite party justify an interference if there has been no misplaced confidence, misrepresentation, or other fraudulent act.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3059; Code 1868, § 3071; Code 1873, § 3126; Code 1882, § 3126; Civil Code 1895, § 3984; Civil Code 1910, § 4581; Code 1933, § 37-211.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Limitations on the Meaning and Impact of DeGarmo v. DeGarmo," see 4 Ga. St. B.J. 20 (1998).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Reasonable Diligence    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, §§ 22, 34, 43, 45, 82.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 47.   ALR.   - Negligence in executing contract as affecting right to have it reformed, 81 A.L.R.2d 7.   Negligence as Precluding Rescission of Purchase Agreement for Unilateral Mistake, 43 A.L.R.7th Art. 5
GA Code § 23-2-33 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-33. Mere Volunteers, in General; Exception for Executed Contracts

 Equity will not interfere to relieve against accidents or mistakes of mere volunteers; but, if a contract is actually executed, all the rights growing out of it against or in favor of any one will be enforced.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3049; Code 1868, § 3061; Code 1873, § 3116; Code 1882, § 3116; Civil Code 1895, § 3972; Civil Code 1910, § 4569; Code 1933, § 37-217.)
GA Code § 23-2-34 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 2 - Accident and Mistake|§ 23-2-34. Relief Against Original Parties or Privies; Exception

 Equity will grant relief as between the original parties or their privies in law, in fact, or in estate, except bona fide purchasers for value without notice.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3052; Code 1868, § 3064; Code 1873, § 3119; Code 1882, § 3119; Civil Code 1895, § 3976; Civil Code 1910, § 4573; Code 1933, § 37-213.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 261.   C.J.S.   - 31 C.J.S., Equity, § 133 et seq.   ALR.    - Right of one who, with knowledge of outstanding equity, derived his interest in real property from or through a bona fide purchaser, to same protection as latter, 63 A.L.R. 1362.    Bona fides of purchaser of bill or note on an executory consideration, 100 A.L.R. 1357.    Right of lessee to equitable relief against forfeiture for breach of conditions as affected by lessor's giving a lease to or entering into other contractual obligations with a third person, 166 A.L.R. 807.   What constitutes notice to subsequent purchaser of real property of option to purchase contained in unrecorded lease, 17 A.L.R.2d 331.   Motor vehicle certificate of title or similar document as, in hands of one other than legal owner, indicia of ownership justifying reliance by subsequent purchaser or mortgagee without actual notice of other interests, 18 A.L.R.2d 813.   Rights as between purchaser of timber and subsequent vendee of land, 18 A.L.R.2d 1150.   Relative rights in real property as between purchasers from or through decedent's heirs or devisees and unknown surviving spouse, 39 A.L.R.2d 1082.   Extension of time or forbearance to sue as consideration constituting mortgagee bona fide purchaser, 39 A.L.R.2d 1088.   Knowledge or notice of inadequacy of consideration for conveyance in chain of title as affecting bona fide status of purchaser, 42 A.L.R.2d 1088.   Relative rights as between purchaser of chattel from one who had previously bought it with stolen money, and victim of the theft, 62 A.L.R.2d 537.
GA Code § 23-2-50 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 3 - Fraud|§ 23-2-50. Concurrent Jurisdiction Over Fraud

 In all cases of fraud, except fraud in the execution of a will, equity has concurrent jurisdiction with the law.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3103; Code 1868, § 3115; Code 1873, § 3172; Code 1882, § 3172; Civil Code 1895, § 4024; Civil Code 1910, § 4621; Code 1933, § 37-701.)   Cross references.   - For further provisions regarding actions for fraud, deceit, etc., see T. 51, C. 6.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Equitable Jurisdiction Dependent on Adequacy of Legal Remedy   Pleading and Practice    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 20. 37 Am. Jur. 2d, Fraud and Deceit, § 323 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 48 et seq. 37 C.J.S., Fraud, § 74.   ALR.    - Right of insurer to have issue of fraud, raised in action on the policy, tried in equity, 97 A.L.R. 572.   Reasonable expectation of payment as affecting offense under "worthless check" statutes, 9 A.L.R.3d 719.
GA Code § 23-2-54 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 3 - Fraud|§ 23-2-54. Surprise as a Form of Fraud

 Anything which happens without the agency or fault of the party affected by it, tending to disturb and confuse his judgment or to mislead him, of which the opposite party takes an undue advantage, is in equity a surprise and is a form of fraud for which relief is granted.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3111; Code 1868, § 3123; Code 1873, § 3180; Code 1882, § 3180; Civil Code 1895, § 4034; Civil Code 1910, § 4631; Code 1933, § 37-711.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 20. 37 Am. Jur. 2d, Fraud and Deceit, § 23.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, §§ 45, 48.
GA Code § 23-2-55 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 3 - Fraud|§ 23-2-55. Use of Similar Trademarks, Names, or Devices

 Any attempt to encroach upon the business of a trader or other person by the use of similar trademarks, names, or devices, with the intention of deceiving and misleading the public, is a fraud for which equity will grant relief.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3112; Code 1868, § 3124; Code 1873, § 3181; Code 1882, § 3181; Civil Code 1895, § 4035; Civil Code 1910, § 4632; Code 1933, § 37-712.)   Cross references.   - Registration and use of trademarks and service marks generally, § 10-1-440.   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Prior Use   Unfair Competition   A. In General   B. "Passing Off" Rule   C. Intent to Deceive    RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 20. 37 Am. Jur. 2d, Fraud and Deceit, § 257.   23A Am. Jur. Pleading and Practice Forms, Trademarks and Tradenames, § 78.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 48.   ALR.    - Protection of business or trading corporation against use of same or similar name by another corporation, 115 A.L.R. 1241.    Doctrine of secondary meaning in the law of trademarks and of unfair competition, 150 A.L.R. 1067.   Use of "family name" by corporation as unfair competition, 72 A.L.R.3d 8.
GA Code § 23-2-56 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 23 - Equity|Chapter 2 - Grounds for Equitable Relief|Article 3 - Fraud|§ 23-2-56. Consummation of Fraud

 Fraud may be consummated by signs or tricks, or through agents employed to deceive, or by any other unfair way used to cheat another.   (Orig. Code 1863, § 3107; Code 1868, § 3119; Code 1873, § 3176; Code 1882, § 3176; Civil Code 1895, § 4028; Civil Code 1910, § 4625; Code 1933, § 37-705.)   RESEARCH REFERENCES   Am. Jur. 2d.   - 27 Am. Jur. 2d, Equity, § 20. 37 Am. Jur. 2d, Fraud and Deceit, § 12 et seq.   C.J.S.   - 30 C.J.S., Equity, § 48. 37 C.J.S., Fraud, § 1 et seq.   ALR.    - False representations in business transaction as within statute relating to "confidence game", 9 A.L.R. 1527; 56 A.L.R. 727.    Use of mails for sale of articles having superstitious associations, 34 A.L.R. 1292.    Genuine making of instrument for purpose of defrauding as constituting forgery, 41 A.L.R. 229; 46 A.L.R. 1529; 51 A.L.R. 568.