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TN Code § 47-4A-104 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 47-4A-104. Funds Transfer — Definitions

 In this chapter:   “Funds transfer” means the series of transactions, beginning with the originator's payment order, made for the purpose of making payment to the beneficiary of the order. The term includes any payment order issued by the originator's bank or an intermediary bank intended to carry out the originator's payment order. A funds transfer is completed by acceptance by the beneficiary's bank of a payment order for the benefit of the beneficiary of the originator's payment order;   “Intermediary bank” means a receiving bank other than the originator's bank or the beneficiary's bank;   “Originator” means the sender of the first payment order in a funds transfer; and   “Originator's bank” means:    The receiving bank to which the payment order of the originator is issued if the originator is not a bank; or   The originator if the originator is a bank.
TN Code § 47-4A-105 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 47-4A-105. Other Definitions

  In this chapter:  “Authorized account” means a deposit account of a customer in a bank designated by the customer as a source of payment of payment orders issued by the customer to the bank. If a customer does not so designate an account, any account of the customer is an authorized account if payment of a payment order from that account is not inconsistent with a restriction on the use of that account;   “Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for purposes of this chapter;   “Customer” means a person, including a bank, having an account with a bank or from whom a bank has agreed to receive payment orders;   “Funds-transfer business day” of a receiving bank means the part of a day during which the receiving bank is open for the receipt, processing, and transmittal of payment orders and cancellations and amendments of payment orders;   “Funds-transfer system” means a wire transfer network, automated clearinghouse, or other communication system of a clearinghouse or other association of banks through which a payment order by a bank may be transmitted to the bank to which the order is addressed;   “Good faith” means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing; and   “Prove” with respect to a fact means to meet the burden of establishing the fact (§ 47-1-201(b)(8)).     Other definitions applying to this chapter and the sections in which they appear are:  “Acceptance”  § 47-4A-209   “Beneficiary”  § 47-4A-103   “Beneficiary's bank”  § 47-4A-103   “Executed”  § 47-4A-301   “Execution date”  § 47-4A-301   “Funds transfer”  § 47-4A-104   “Funds-transfer system rule”  § 47-4A-501   “Intermediary bank”  § 47-4A-104   “Originator”  § 47-4A-104   “Originator's bank”  § 47-4A-104   “Payment by beneficiary's bank to beneficiary”  § 47-4A-405   “Payment by originator to beneficiary”  § 47-4A-406   “Payment by sender to receiving bank”  § 47-4A-403   “Payment date”  § 47-4A-401   “Payment order”  § 47-4A-103   “Receiving bank”  § 47-4A-103   “Security procedure”  § 47-4A-201   “Sender”  § 47-4A-103    The following definitions in chapter 4 of this title apply to this chapter:  “Clearinghouse”  § 47-4-104   “Item”  § 47-4-104   “Suspends payments”  § 47-4-104    In addition, chapter 1 of this title contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this chapter.
TN Code § 47-4A-106 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 47-4A-106. Time Payment Order Is Received

  The time of receipt of a payment order or communication cancelling or amending a payment order is determined by the rules applicable to receipt of a notice stated in § 47-1-202. A receiving bank may fix a cut-off time or times on a funds-transfer business day for the receipt and processing of payment orders and communications cancelling or amending payment orders. Different cut-off times may apply to payment orders, cancellations, or amendments, or to different categories of payment orders, cancellations, or amendments. A cut-off time may apply to senders generally or different cut-off times may apply to different senders or categories of payment orders. If a payment order or communication cancelling or amending a payment order is received after the close of a funds-transfer business day or after the appropriate cut-off time on a funds-transfer business day, the receiving bank may treat the payment order or communication as received at the opening of the next funds-transfer business day.   If this chapter refers to an execution date or payment date or states a day on which a receiving bank is required to take action, and the date or day does not fall on a funds-transfer business day, the next day that is a funds-transfer business day is treated as the date or day stated, unless the contrary is stated in this chapter.
TN Code § 47-4A-107 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 47-4A-107. Federal Reserve Regulations and Operating Circulars

 Regulations of the board of governors of the federal reserve system and operating circulars of the federal reserve banks supersede any inconsistent provision of this chapter to the extent of the inconsistency.
TN Code § 47-4A-108 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|§ 47-4A-108. Relationship to Electronic Fund Transfer Act

  Except as provided in subsection (b), this chapter does not apply to a funds transfer any part of which is governed by the Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978 (Title XX, Public Law 95-630, 92 Stat. 3728, 15 U.S.C. § 1693 et seq.) as amended from time to time.   This chapter applies to a funds transfer that is a remittance transfer as defined in the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, codified in 15 U.S.C. § 1693o-1, as amended from time to time, unless the remittance transfer is an electronic fund transfer as defined in the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, codified in 15 U.S.C. § 1693a, as amended from time to time.   In a funds transfer to which this chapter applies, in the event of an inconsistency between an applicable provision of this chapter and an applicable provision of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the provision of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act governs to the extent of the inconsistency.
TN Code § 47-4A-201 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-201. Security Procedure

 “Security procedure” means a procedure established by agreement of a customer and a receiving bank for the purpose of:   Verifying that a payment order or communication amending or cancelling a payment order is that of the customer; or   Detecting error in the transmission or the content of the payment order or communication.   A security procedure may require the use of algorithms or other codes, identifying words or numbers, encryption, callback procedures, or similar security devices. Comparison of a signature on a payment order or communication with an authorized specimen signature of the customer is not by itself a security procedure.
TN Code § 47-4A-202 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-202. Authorized and Verified Payment Orders

  A payment order received by the receiving bank is the authorized order of the person identified as sender if that person authorized the order or is otherwise bound by it under the law of agency.   If a bank and its customer have agreed that the authenticity of payment orders issued to the bank in the name of the customer as sender will be verified pursuant to a security procedure, a payment order received by the receiving bank is effective as the order of the customer, whether or not authorized, if:   Commercial reasonableness of a security procedure is a question of law to be determined by considering the wishes of the customer expressed to the bank, the circumstances of the customer known to the bank, including the size, type, and frequency of payment orders normally issued by the customer to the bank, alternative security procedures offered to the customer, and security procedures in general use by customers and receiving banks similarly situated. A security procedure is deemed to be commercially reasonable if:   The term “sender” in this chapter includes the customer in whose name a payment order is issued if the order is the authorized order of the customer under subsection (a), or it is effective as the order of the customer under subsection (b).   This section applies to amendments and cancellations of payment orders to the same extent it applies to payment orders.   Except as provided in this section and in § 47-4A-203(a)(1), rights and obligations arising under this section or § 47-4A-203 may not be varied by agreement.    The security procedure is a commercially reasonable method of providing security against unauthorized payment orders; and   The bank proves that it accepted the payment order in good faith and in compliance with the security procedure and any written agreement or instruction of the customer restricting acceptance of payment orders issued in the name of the customer. The bank is not required to follow an instruction that violates a written agreement with the customer or notice of which is not received at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the payment order is accepted.   The security procedure was chosen by the customer after the bank offered, and the customer refused, a security procedure that was commercially reasonable for that customer; and   The customer expressly agreed in writing to be bound by any payment order, whether or not authorized, issued in its name and accepted by the bank in compliance with the security procedure chosen by the customer.
TN Code § 47-4A-203 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-203. Unenforceability of Certain Verified Payment Orders

  If an accepted payment order is not, under § 47-4A-202(a), an authorized order of a customer identified as sender, but is effective as an order of the customer pursuant to § 47-4A-202(b), the following rules apply:  By express written agreement, the receiving bank may limit the extent to which it is entitled to enforce or retain payment of the payment order; and   The receiving bank is not entitled to enforce or retain payment of the payment order if the customer proves that the order was caused, directly or indirectly, by a person:     This section applies to amendments of payment orders to the same extent it applies to payment orders.    Entrusted with duties to act for the receiving bank with respect to payment orders or the security procedure; or   Who obtained access to communications facilities of the receiving bank or who obtained, from a source controlled by the receiving bank and without authority of the customer, information facilitating breach of the security procedure, regardless of how the information was obtained. Information includes any access device, computer software, or the like.
TN Code § 47-4A-204 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-204. Refund of Payment and Duty of Customer to Report With Respect to Unauthorized Payment Order

  If a receiving bank accepts a payment order issued in the name of its customer as sender which is:  the bank shall refund any payment of the payment order received from the customer to the extent the bank is not entitled to enforce payment and shall pay interest on the refundable amount calculated from the date the bank received payment to the date of the refund. However, the customer is not entitled to interest from the bank on the amount to be refunded if the customer fails to exercise ordinary care to determine that the order was not authorized by the customer and to notify the bank of the relevant facts within a reasonable time not exceeding ninety (90) days after the date the customer received notification from the bank that the order was accepted or that the customer's account was debited with respect to the order. The bank is not entitled to any recovery from the customer on account of a failure by the customer to give notification as stated in this section.    Reasonable time under subsection (a) may be fixed by agreement as stated in § 47-1-302(b), but the obligation of a receiving bank to refund payment as stated in subsection (a) may not otherwise be varied by agreement.    Not authorized and not effective as the order of the customer under § 47-4A-202; or   Not enforceable, in whole or in part, against the customer under § 47-4A-203;
TN Code § 47-4A-205 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-205. Erroneous Payment Orders

  If an accepted payment order was transmitted pursuant to a security procedure for the detection of error and the payment order:  The following rules apply:   If the sender proves that the sender or a person acting on behalf of the sender pursuant to § 47-4A-206 complied with the security procedure and that the error would have been detected if the receiving bank had also complied, the sender is not obliged to pay the order to the extent stated in subdivisions (a)(2) and (3).   If the funds transfer is completed on the basis of an erroneous payment order described in subdivision (a)(i) or (iii), the sender is not obliged to pay the order and the receiving bank is entitled to recover from the beneficiary any amount paid to the beneficiary to the extent allowed by the law governing mistake and restitution; and   If the funds transfer is completed on the basis of a payment order described in subdivision (a)(ii), the sender is not obliged to pay the order to the extent the amount received by the beneficiary is greater than the amount intended by the sender. In that case, the receiving bank is entitled to recover from the beneficiary the excess amount received to the extent allowed by the law governing mistake and restitution.     If:  The sender has a duty to exercise ordinary care, on the basis of information available to the sender, to discover the error with respect to the order and to advise the bank of the relevant facts within a reasonable time, not exceeding ninety (90) days, after the bank's notification was received by the sender. If the bank proves that the sender failed to perform that duty, the sender is liable to the bank for the loss the bank proves it incurred as a result of the failure, but the liability of the sender may not exceed the amount of the sender's order.    This section applies to amendments to payment orders to the same extent it applies to payment orders.    Erroneously instructed payment to a beneficiary not intended by the sender;   Erroneously instructed payment in an amount greater than the amount intended by the sender; or   Was an erroneously transmitted duplicate of a payment order previously sent by the sender;   The sender of an erroneous payment order described in subsection (a) is not obliged to pay all or part of the order; and   The sender receives notification from the receiving bank that the order was accepted by the bank or that the sender's account was debited with respect to the order;
TN Code § 47-4A-206 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-206. Transmission of Payment Order Through Funds-Transfer or Other Communication System

  If a payment order addressed to a receiving bank is transmitted to a funds-transfer system or other third-party communication system for transmittal to the bank, the system is deemed to be an agent of the sender for the purpose of transmitting the payment order to the bank. If there is a discrepancy between the terms of the payment order transmitted to the system and the terms of the payment order transmitted by the system to the bank, the terms of the payment order of the sender are those transmitted by the system. This section does not apply to a funds-transfer system of the federal reserve banks.   This section applies to cancellations and amendments of payment orders to the same extent it applies to payment orders.
TN Code § 47-4A-207 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-207. Misdescription of Beneficiary

  Subject to subsection (b), if, in a payment order received by the beneficiary's bank, the name, bank account number, or other identification of the beneficiary refers to a nonexistent or unidentifiable person or account, no person has rights as a beneficiary of the order and acceptance of the order cannot occur.   If a payment order received by the beneficiary's bank identifies the beneficiary both by name and by an identifying or bank account number and the name and number identify different persons, the following rules apply:  Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), if the beneficiary's bank does not know that the name and number refer to different persons, it may rely on the number as the proper identification of the beneficiary of the order. The beneficiary's bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person; and   If the beneficiary's bank pays the person identified by name or knows that the name and number identify different persons, no person has rights as beneficiary except the person paid by the beneficiary's bank if that person was entitled to receive payment from the originator of the funds transfer. If no person has rights as beneficiary, acceptance of the order cannot occur.     If:  The following rules apply:   If the originator is a bank, the originator is obliged to pay its order; or   If the originator is not a bank and proves that the person identified by number was not entitled to receive payment from the originator, the originator is not obliged to pay its order unless the originator's bank proves that the originator, before acceptance of the originator's order, had notice that payment of a payment order issued by the originator might be made by the beneficiary's bank on the basis of an identifying or bank account number even if it identifies a person different from the named beneficiary. Proof of notice may be made by any admissible evidence. The originator's bank satisfies the burden of proof if it proves that the originator, before the payment order was accepted, signed a writing stating the information to which the notice relates.     In a case governed by subdivision (b)(1), if the beneficiary's bank rightfully pays the person identified by number and that person was not entitled to receive payment from the originator, the amount paid may be recovered from that person to the extent allowed by the law governing mistake and restitution as follows:  If the originator is obliged to pay its payment order as stated in subsection (c), the originator has the right to recover; and   If the originator is not a bank and is not obliged to pay its payment order, the originator's bank has the right to recover.      A payment order described in subsection (b) is accepted;   The originator's payment order described the beneficiary inconsistently by name and number; and   The beneficiary's bank pays the person identified by number as permitted by subdivision (b)(1);
TN Code § 47-4A-208 (2021)
2021 Tennessee Code|Title 47 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions|Chapter 4A - Funds Transfers|Part 2 - Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order|§ 47-4A-208. Misdescription of Intermediary Bank or Beneficiary's Bank

  This subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary's bank only by an identifying number.  The receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary's bank and need not determine whether the number identifies a bank.   The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order.     This subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary's bank both by name and an identifying number if the name and number identify different persons.  If the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary's bank if the receiving bank, when it executes the sender's order, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person or whether the number refers to a bank. The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order.   If the sender is not a bank and the receiving bank proves that the sender, before the payment order was accepted, had notice that the receiving bank might rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary's bank even if it identifies a person different from the bank identified by name, the rights and obligations of the sender and the receiving bank are governed by subdivision (b)(1), as though the sender were a bank. Proof of notice may be made by any admissible evidence. The receiving bank satisfies the burden of proof if it proves that the sender, before the payment order was accepted, signed a writing stating the information to which the notice relates.   Regardless of whether the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the name as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary's bank if the receiving bank, at the time it executes the sender's order, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person.   If the receiving bank knows that the name and number identify different persons, reliance on either the name or the number in executing the sender's payment order is a breach of the obligation stated in § 47-4A-302(a)(1).