reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 109a § 5 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 5 - Fraudulent Transfer or Obligation Where Creditor's Claim Arose Before or After Transfer or Obligation

Section 5. (a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation:  (1) with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor; or  (2) without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor:  (i) was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction; or  (ii) intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts beyond his ability to pay as they became due.  (b) In determining actual intent under paragraph (1) of subsection (a), consideration may be given, among other factors, to whether:  (1) the transfer or obligation was to an insider;  (2) the debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer;  (3) the transfer or obligation was disclosed or concealed;  (4) before the transfer was made or obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit;  (5) the transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets;  (6) the debtor absconded;  (7) the debtor removed or concealed assets;  (8) the value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred;  (9) the debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred;  (10) the transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred; and  (11) the debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lienor who transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.
MA Gen L ch 109a § 6 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 6 - Fraudulent Transfer or Obligation Where Creditor's Claim Arose Before Transfer or Obligation

Section 6. (a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation.  (b) A transfer made by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time, and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.
MA Gen L ch 109a § 7 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 7 - Transfer; Definition

Section 7. For the purposes of this chapter:  (1) a transfer is made:  (i) with respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; and  (ii) with respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under this chapter that is superior to the interest of the transferee;  (2) if applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in paragraph (1) and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under this chapter, the transfer shall be deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action;  (3) if applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in paragraph (1), the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee;  (4) a transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred;  (5) an obligation is incurred:  (i) if oral, when it becomes effective between the parties; or  (ii) if evidenced by a writing, when the writing executed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.
MA Gen L ch 109a § 8 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 8 - Creditor's Remedies

Section 8. (a) In an action for relief against a transfer or obligation under this chapter, a creditor, subject to the limitations in section nine, may obtain:  (1) avoidance of the transfer or obligation to the extent necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim;  (2) an attachment or other provisional remedy against the asset transferred or other property of the transferee in accordance with the applicable procedure set forth in chapter two hundred and fourteen for actions to reach and apply chapter two hundred and twenty-three for attachments, and chapter two hundred and forty-six for trustee process and in accordance with applicable rules of civil procedure;  (3) subject to applicable principles of equity and in accordance with applicable rules of civil procedure,  (i) an injunction against further disposition by the debtor or a transferee, or both, of the asset transferred or of other property;  (ii) appointment of a receiver to take charge of the asset transferred or of other property of the transferee; or  (iii) any other relief the circumstances may require.  (b) If a creditor has obtained a judgment on a claim against the debtor, the creditor, if the court so orders, may levy execution on the asset transferred or its proceeds.
MA Gen L ch 109a § 9 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 9 - Voidable Transfers; Creditor's Judgment

Section 9. (a) A transfer or obligation is not voidable under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of section five against a person who took in good-faith and for a reasonably equivalent value or against any subsequent transferee or obligee.  (b) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to the extent a transfer is voidable in an action by a creditor under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of section eight, the creditor may recover judgment for the value of the asset transferred, as adjusted under subsection (c), or the amount necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim, whichever is less. The judgment may be entered against:  (1) the first transferee of the asset or the person for whose benefit the transfer was made; or  (2) any subsequent transferee other than a good-faith transferee or obligee who took for value or from any subsequent transferee or obligee.  (c) If the judgment under subsection (b) is based upon the value of the asset transferred, the judgment shall be for an amount equal to the value of the asset at the time of the transfer, subject to adjustment as the equities may require.  (d) Notwithstanding voidability of a transfer or an obligation under this chapter, a good-faith transferee or obligee is entitled, to the extent of the value given the debtor for the transfer or obligation, to  (1) a lien on or a right to retain any interest in the asset transferred;  (2) enforcement of any obligation incurred; or  (3) a reduction in the amount of the liability on the judgment.  (e) A transfer is not voidable under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of section five or section six if the transfer results from:  (1) termination of a lease upon default by the debtor when the termination is pursuant to the lease and applicable law; or  (2) enforcement of a security interest in compliance with Article 9 of chapter one hundred and six.  (f) A transfer is not voidable under subsection (b) of section six:  (1) to the extent the insider gave new value to or for the benefit of the debtor after the transfer was made unless the new value was secured by a valid lien;  (2) if made in the ordinary course of business or financial affairs of the debtor and the insider; or  (3) if made pursuant to a good-faith effort to rehabilitate the debtor and the transfer secured present value given for that purpose as well as an antecedent debt of the debtor.
MA Gen L ch 109a § 10 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 10 - Limitation of Actions

Section 10. A cause of action with respect to a fraudulent transfer or obligation under this chapter shall be extinguished unless action is brought:  (a) under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of section five, within four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred or, if later, within one year after the transfer or obligation was or could reasonably have been discovered by the claimant;  (b) under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of section five or subsection (a) of section six, within four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred; or  (c) under subsection (b) of section six, within one year after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred.
MA Gen L ch 109a § 11 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 11 - Application of Principles of Law and Equity

Section 11. Unless otherwise required by the provisions of this chapter, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relating to principal and agent, estoppel, laches, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, insolvency, or other validating or invalidating cause, shall supplement its provisions.
MA Gen L ch 109a § 12 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 109a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 12 - Application and Construction

Section 12. This chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states which enact it.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 1 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 1 - Definitions

Section 1. The following words as used in this chapter, in addition to their ordinary meaning, shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meanings respectively given herein:  ''Beverage'', milk, cream, soda water, mineral or aerated water, ale, beer, ginger ale or similar beverages;  ''Can'', jug, bottle and jar;  ''Vessel'', can, jug, bottle, jar, siphon, fountain and box.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 4 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 4 - Use of Name of Person Formerly Connected With Business

Section 4. A person who conducts business in the commonwealth shall not assume or continue to use in his business the name of a person formerly connected with him in partnership or the name of any other person, either alone or in connection with his own or with any other name or designation, without the consent in writing of such person or of his legal representatives.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 4a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 4a - Use of Word ''corporation'' or ''incorporated'' by Individual or Partnership

Section 4A. No individual, unincorporated association or partnership shall assume or use in the name or title under which his or its business is transacted the word ''corporation'' or ''incorporated'' or any abbreviated form thereof or any word or phrase which may lead the public to believe that such individual, unincorporated association or partnership is a corporation.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 4b (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 4b - Use of Words or Phrases Leading Public to Believe That Business Is Owned, Operated or Managed by United States; ''massachusetts State Fair''

Section 4B. No person, firm, corporation or association, other than an agency or instrumentality of the United States government, selling or offering for sale goods, wares or merchandise, shall use, or cause or permit to be used, in the corporate or trade name thereof, or in the description of the seller or of the place where the goods, wares or merchandise are offered for sale or sold, the words or phrases ''Army'', ''Navy'', ''Marine Corps'', ''Marines'', ''Coast Guard'', ''Government'', ''Post Exchange'', ''P–X'' or ''G. I.'', or any of such words or phrases, or any word or phrase which may lead the public to believe that the seller or his or its place of business is owned, operated or managed by the United States government or any agency thereof; provided, that said words or phrases may be used in the corporate name of a corporation organized under the provisions of chapter one hundred and eighty if such use is approved by the state secretary. No person, firm, corporation or association, other than an agency or instrumentality of the commonwealth shall use the words ''Massachusetts State Fair'' or any such words or phrases without the written consent of the commissioner of agriculture.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 5 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 5 - Certificates of Persons Conducting Businesses; Contents; Filing; Fees; Index

Section 5. Any person conducting business in the commonwealth under any title other than the real name of the person conducting the business, whether individually or as a partnership, shall file in the office of the clerk of every city or town where an office of any such person or partnership may be situated a certificate stating the full name and residence of each person conducting such business, the place, including street and number, where, and the title under which, it is conducted, and pay the fee as provided by clause (20) of section thirty-four of chapter two hundred and sixty-two. Such certificate shall be executed under oath by each person whose name appears therein as conducting such business and shall be signed by each such person in the presence of the city or town clerk or a person designated by him or in the presence of a person authorized to take oaths. The city or town clerk may request the person filing such certificate to produce evidence of his identity and, if such person does not, upon such request, produce evidence thereof satisfactory to such clerk, the clerk shall enter a notation of that fact on the face of the certificate. A person who has filed such a certificate shall, upon his discontinuing, retiring or withdrawing from such business or partnership, or in the case of a change of residence of such person or of the location where the business is conducted, file in the office of said clerk a statement under oath that he has discontinued, retired or withdrawn from such business or partnership or of such change of his residence or change of the location of such business, and pay the fee required by clause (21) of said section thirty-four. In the case of death of such a person, such statement may be filed by the executor or administrator of his estate. The clerk shall keep a suitable index of all certificates so filed with him which are currently in force and effect, setting forth the pertinent facts, including a reference to any statement of discontinuance, retirement or withdrawal from, or change of location of, such business, or change of residence of such person. A certificate issued in accordance with this section shall be in force and effect for four years from the date of issue and shall be renewed each four years thereafter so long as such business shall be conducted and shall lapse and be void unless so renewed. Copies of such certificates shall be available at the address at which such business is conducted and shall be furnished on request during regular business hours, to any person who has purchased goods or services from such business. Violations of this section shall be punished by a fine of not more than three hundred dollars for each month during which such violation continues.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 6 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 6 - Certificates; Application of Sec. 5

Section 6. The preceding section shall not apply to any corporation doing business under its true corporate name, nor to any partnership doing business under any title which includes the true surname of any partner; nor to any association which has complied with sections five and six of chapter one hundred and fifty-nine; nor to any partnership, joint stock company or association the business of which is conducted by trustees under a written instrument or declaration of trust, provided that the names of such trustees with a reference to such instrument or declaration of trust shall be filed as provided in section five, nor to any limited partnership organized or qualified under chapter one hundred and nine doing business under its true partnership name if such name contains without abbreviation the words ''limited partnership''; nor to a limited liability company or limited liability partnership which is doing business under its true name and which has registered or qualified with the office of the state secretary.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 16 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 16 - Unauthorized Performances of Unpublished Compositions

Section 16. No person with knowledge or notice that a dramatic or musical composition is unpublished or undedicated shall, without the consent of the proprietor thereof, cause it to be publicly performed or represented or permit a public performance or representation of it, in any public place of amusement, licensed or unlicensed, of which he is in control, or take part in any public performance or representation thereof.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 17 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 17 - Registration of Bottles; Description of Name on Bottles; Fees; Publication

Section 17. A person engaged in manufacturing, bottling or selling beverages in vessels, with his name and the word ''registered'' branded, engraved, blown or otherwise produced thereon, or on boxes used by him, may have such vessels registered by filing in the office of the clerk of the city or town where his principal place of business is situated and in the office of the state secretary a description of the name so used by him and paying the fee provided by clause (63) of section thirty-four of chapter two hundred and sixty-two, and shall publish such description once in each of four successive weeks in a newspaper published in the city or town where the description has been filed.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 18 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 18 - Unlawful Use of Registered Bottles; Application of Section

Section 18. No person, without the written consent of the registered owner thereof, shall fill with a beverage with intent to sell the same any vessel registered under the preceding section, or change in any way, or conceal any name or the word ''registered'' thereon, or buy, sell, traffic in or dispose of any such vessel. This section shall not apply to vessels purchased from the registered owner; provided, that making a money charge or requiring the deposit of a sum of money under an agreement to refund the same upon the redelivery of the vessel shall not constitute a purchase thereof, within the meaning of this section. Violation of any provision of this section shall for the first offence be punished by a fine of not less than fifty cents for each vessel in respect to which the violation occurs or by imprisonment for not less than ten days nor more than one year, or both, and for each subsequent offence by a fine of not less than one nor more than five dollars for each such vessel or by imprisonment for not less than twenty days nor more than one year.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 19 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 19 - Prima Facie Evidence of Unlawful Use

Section 19. The purchase, sale, traffic in, disposal or use of any such registered vessel by a person engaged in the manufacture, bottling or sale of beverages, without the written consent of the owner thereof, shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of the preceding section. Possession of any such registered vessel by a junk dealer or dealer in second hand articles, without the written consent of the owner, shall be prima facie evidence of such violation. This section shall not apply to vessels purchased from the owner.
MA Gen L ch 110 § 20 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 110 - Labels, Trade Marks, Names and Registration Thereof|Section 20 - Search Warrant

Section 20. Upon complaint of a person who has complied with section seventeen, or his agent, to a district court, that he has reason to believe and does believe that any of his registered vessels are being unlawfully used or filled by a person engaged in manufacturing, bottling or selling beverages, or that a junk dealer or dealer in second hand articles or a vendor of cans or bottles has such vessels in his possession or secreted in any place, said court may thereupon issue a search warrant; and may also cause the person in whose possession such vessels are found to be brought before him, and shall thereupon inquire into the circumstances of such possession; and shall award to the owner thereof possession of the property taken upon such search warrant.