reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-33 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-33 - Information disclosed by interrogatories.

 55-1-33. Information disclosed by interrogatories.Interrogatories propounded by the Secretary of State and the answers thereto shall not be open to public inspection nor shall the Secretary of State disclose any facts or information obtained therefrom except insofar as his official duty may require the same to be made public or in the event such interrogatories or the answers thereto are required for evidence in any criminal proceedings or in any other action or proceedings by this State. (1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-42 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-42 - Number of shareholders.

 55-1-42. Number of shareholders.(a) For purposes of this Chapter, the following identified as a shareholder in a corporation's current record of shareholders constitutes one shareholder:(1) All co-owners of the same shares;(2) A corporation, partnership, trust, estate, or other entity;(3) The trustees, guardians, custodians, or other fiduciaries of a single trust, estate, or account.(b) For purposes of this Chapter, shareholdings registered in substantially similar names constitute one shareholder if it is reasonable to believe that the names represent the same person. (1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-50 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-50 - Electronic transactions.

 55-1-50. Electronic transactions.For purposes of applying Article 40 of Chapter 66 of the General Statutes to transactions under this Chapter, a corporation may agree to conduct a transaction by electronic means through provision in its articles of incorporation or bylaws or by action of its board of directors. (2001-387, s. 7.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-61 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-61 - Defective corporate actions.

 55-1-61. Defective corporate actions.(a) A defective corporate action is not void or voidable if ratified in accordance with G.S. 55-1-62 or validated in accordance with G.S. 55-1-67.(b) Ratification under G.S. 55-1-62 or validation under G.S. 55-1-67 is not the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any defective corporate action, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with this Part does not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under common law or otherwise, nor does it create a presumption that the corporate action is or was a defective corporate action or void or voidable.(c) In the case of an over issue, putative shares shall be valid shares effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued upon either of the following:(1) The effectiveness under this Part and under Article 10 of this Chapter of an amendment to the articles of incorporation authorizing, designating, or creating the shares.(2) The effectiveness of any other corporate action under this Part ratifying the authorization, designation, or creation of the shares.  (2018-45, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-62 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-62 - Ratification of defective corporate actions.

 55-1-62. Ratification of defective corporate actions.(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, the board of directors shall ratify a defective corporate action by taking action in accordance with G.S. 55-1-63 that states all of the following:(1) The defective corporate action to be ratified and, if the defective corporate action involved the issuance of putative shares, the number and type of putative shares purportedly issued.(2) The date of the defective corporate action.(3) The nature of the failure of authorization with respect to the defective corporate action to be ratified.(4) That the board of directors approves the ratification of the defective corporate action.(b) In the event that a defective corporate action to be ratified relates to the election of the initial board of directors of the corporation under G.S. 55-2-05(a)(2), a majority of the persons who, at the time of the ratification, are exercising the powers of directors may take an action that states all of the following:(1) The name of the person or persons who first took action in the name of the corporation as the initial board of directors of the corporation.(2) The earlier of the date on which the person or persons identified under subdivision (1) of this subsection first took the action or were purported to have been elected as the initial board of directors.(3) That the ratification of the election of the person or persons identified under subdivision (1) of this subsection as the initial board of directors is approved.(c) If any provision of this Chapter, the articles of incorporation or bylaws, any corporate resolution, or any plan or agreement to which the corporation is a party in effect at the time action under subsection (a) of this section is taken, requires shareholder approval or would have required shareholder approval at the date of the occurrence of the defective corporate action, the ratification of the defective corporate action approved in the action taken by the directors under subsection (a) of this section shall be submitted to the shareholders for approval in accordance with G.S. 55-1-63.(d) Unless otherwise provided in the action taken by the board of directors under subsection (a) of this section, after the action by the board of directors has been taken and, if required, approved by the shareholders, the board of directors may abandon the ratification at any time prior to the validation effective time without further action of the shareholders.  (2018-45, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-64 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-64 - Notice requirements.

 55-1-64. Notice requirements.(a) Unless shareholder approval is required under G.S. 55-1-62(c), prompt notice of an action taken under G.S. 55-1-62 shall be given to each holder of valid and putative shares, whether or not entitled to vote, as of (i) the date of the action by the board of directors and (ii) the date of the defective corporate action ratified, provided that notice shall not be required to be given to holders of valid and putative shares whose identities or addresses for notice cannot be determined from the records of the corporation.(b) The notice required under subsection (a) of this section shall contain (i) a copy of the action taken by the board of directors in accordance with subsection (a) or (b) of G.S. 55-1-62 or (ii) the information required by subdivisions (1) through (4) of subsection (a) of G.S. 55-1-62 or subdivisions (1) through (3) of subsection (b) of G.S. 55-1-62, as applicable. The notice shall also include a statement that any claim that the ratification of the defective corporate action and any putative shares issued as a result of the defective corporate action should not be effective, or should be effective only on certain conditions, shall be brought within 120 days from the applicable validation effective time.(c) No notice under this section is required with respect to any action required to be submitted to shareholders for approval under G.S. 55-1-62(c) if notice is given in accordance with G.S. 55-1-63(b).(d) A notice required by this section may be given in any manner permitted by G.S. 55-1-41 and, for any public corporation, may be given by means of a filing or furnishing of the notice with the Securities and Exchange Commission which becomes publicly accessible on the Web site of the Securities and Exchange Commission approximately contemporaneously with the filing or furnishing.  (2018-45, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-65 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-65 - Effect of ratification.

 55-1-65. Effect of ratification.Ratification in accordance with this Part shall have the following effects from and after the validation effective time, and without regard to the 120-day period during which a claim may be brought under G.S. 55-1-67:(1) Each defective corporate action ratified in accordance with G.S. 55-1-62 is not void or voidable as a result of the failure of authorization identified in the action taken under subsection (a) or (b) of G.S. 55-1-62 and is a valid corporate action effective as of the date of the defective corporate action.(2) The issuance of each putative share or fraction of a putative share purportedly issued pursuant to a defective corporate action identified in the action taken under G.S. 55-1-62 is not void or voidable, and the putative share or fraction of the putative share is an identical share or fraction of a valid share as of the time it was purportedly issued.(3) Any corporate action taken subsequent to the defective corporate action ratified in accordance with this Part in reliance on the defective corporate action having been validly effected and any subsequent defective corporate action resulting directly or indirectly from the original defective corporate action shall be valid as of the time taken.  (2018-45, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-1-67 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 1 - General Provisions.|§ 55-1-67 - Judicial proceedings regarding validity of corporate actions.

 55-1-67. Judicial proceedings regarding validity of corporate actions.(a) Upon application to the Superior Court Division of the General Court of Justice by the corporation, any successor entity to the corporation, a director of the corporation, any shareholder, beneficial shareholder, or unrestricted voting trust beneficial owner of the corporation, including any shareholder, beneficial shareholder, or unrestricted voting trust beneficial owner as of the date of the defective corporate action ratified under G.S. 55-1-62, or any other person claiming to be substantially and adversely affected by a ratification under G.S. 55-1-62, the appropriate court of the county where the corporation's principal office, or, if none, its registered office, in this State is located, or, if the legal action is designated a mandatory complex business case pursuant to G.S. 7A-45.4, the Business Court, may do all of the following:(1) Determine the validity and effectiveness of any corporate action or defective corporate action.(2) Determine the validity and effectiveness of any ratification under G.S. 55-1-62.(3) Determine the validity of any putative shares.(b) In connection with an action under this section, the court may make findings or orders and take into account any factors or considerations that it deems proper under the circumstances.(c) Service of process of the application under subsection (a) of this section on the corporation may be made in any manner provided by State law or by rule of the applicable court for service on the corporation, and no other party need be joined in order for the court to adjudicate the matter. In an action filed by the corporation, the court may require that notice of the action be provided to other persons specified by the court and permit the other persons to intervene in the action.(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or otherwise under applicable law, any action asserting that the ratification of any defective corporate action and any putative shares issued as a result of the defective corporate action should not be effective, or should be effective only on certain conditions, shall be brought within 120 days of the validation effective time.  (2018-45, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-2-01 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 2 - Incorporation.|§ 55-2-01 - Incorporators.

 55-2-01. Incorporators.One or more persons may act as the incorporator or incorporators of a corporation by delivering articles of incorporation to the Secretary of State for filing. (Code, ss. 677, 678, 679, 682; 1885, cc. 19, 190; 1893, c. 318; 1897, c. 204; 1901, c. 2, ss. 8, 9; cc. 6, 41; 1903, c. 453; Rev., ss. 1137, 1139; C.S., s. 1114; 1945, c. 635; G.S., ss. 55-2, 55-3; 1951, c. 265, s. 1; 1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1969, c. 751, s. 1; 1971, c. 1231, s. 1; 1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-2-03 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 2 - Incorporation.|§ 55-2-03 - Incorporation.

 55-2-03. Incorporation.(a) Corporate existence begins when the articles of incorporation become effective.(b) The Secretary of State's filing of the articles of incorporation is conclusive proof that the incorporators satisfied all conditions precedent to incorporation except in a proceeding by the State to cancel or revoke the incorporation or involuntarily dissolve the corporation.(c) No provision in this Chapter or any prior act shall be construed to require that a corporation have more than one shareholder. (1901, c. 2, s. 10; Rev., s. 1140; C.S., s. 1116; G.S., s. 55-4; 1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1957, c. 550, ss. 2, 3; 1967, c. 13, s. 3; 1989, c. 265, s. 1; 2001-387, s. 10.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-2-05 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 2 - Incorporation.|§ 55-2-05 - Organization of corporation.

 55-2-05. Organization of corporation.(a) After incorporation:(1) If initial directors are named in the articles of incorporation, the initial directors shall hold an organizational meeting at the call of a majority of the directors to complete the organization of the corporation by appointing officers, adopting bylaws, and carrying on any other business brought before the meeting;(2) If initial directors are not named in the articles, the incorporator or incorporators shall hold an organizational meeting at the call of a majority of the incorporators: (i) to elect directors and complete the organization of the corporation; or (ii) to elect a board of directors who shall complete the organization of the corporation.(b) Action required or permitted by this Chapter to be taken by incorporators at an organizational meeting may be taken without a meeting if the action taken is evidenced by one or more written consents describing the action taken and signed by each incorporator. If the incorporators act at a meeting, the notice and procedural provisions of G.S. 55-8-22, 55-8-23, and 55-8-24 shall apply.(c) An organizational meeting may be held in or out of this State. (Code, s. 665; 1901, c. 2, s. 18; Rev., s. 1142; C.S., s. 1118; G.S., s. 55-6; 1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1969, c. 751, s. 3; 1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-2-06 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 2 - Incorporation.|§ 55-2-06 - Bylaws.

 55-2-06. Bylaws.(a) The incorporators or board of directors of a corporation shall adopt initial bylaws for the corporation.(b) The bylaws of a corporation may contain any provision for managing the business and regulating the affairs of the corporation that is not inconsistent with law or the articles of incorporation. (1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1959, c. 1316, ss. 2, 3; 1973, c. 469, s. 4; 1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-2-07 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 2 - Incorporation.|§ 55-2-07 - Emergency bylaws.

 55-2-07. Emergency bylaws.(a) Unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, the board of directors of a corporation may adopt bylaws to be effective only in an emergency defined in subsection (d). The emergency bylaws, which are subject to amendment or repeal by the shareholders, may make all provisions necessary for managing the corporation during the emergency, including:(1) Procedures for calling a meeting of the board of directors;(2) Quorum requirements for the meeting; and(3) Designation of additional or substitute directors.(b) All provisions of the regular bylaws consistent with the emergency bylaws remain effective during the emergency. The emergency bylaws are not effective after the emergency ends.(c) Corporate action taken in good faith in accordance with the emergency bylaws binds the corporation and the fact that the action was taken by special procedures may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director, officer, employee, or agent.(d) An emergency exists for purposes of this section if a quorum of the corporation's directors cannot readily be assembled because of some catastrophic event. (1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-3-01 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 3 - Purposes and Powers.|§ 55-3-01 - Purposes.

 55-3-01. Purposes.(a) Every corporation incorporated under this Chapter has the purpose of engaging in any lawful business unless a more limited purpose is set forth in its articles of incorporation.(b) A corporation engaging in a business that is subject to regulation under another statute of this State may incorporate under this Chapter only if permitted by, and subject to all limitations of, the other statute. (1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-3-03 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 3 - Purposes and Powers.|§ 55-3-03 - Emergency powers.

 55-3-03. Emergency powers.(a) In anticipation of or during an emergency defined in subsection (d), the board of directors of a corporation may:(1) Modify lines of succession to accommodate the incapacity of any director, officer, employee, or agent; and (2) Relocate the principal office, designate alternative principal offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers to do so.(b) During an emergency defined in subsection (d), unless emergency bylaws provide otherwise:(1) Notice of a meeting of the board of directors need be given only to those directors whom it is practicable to reach and may be given in any practicable manner, including by publication and radio; and (2) One or more officers of the corporation present at a meeting of the board of directors may be deemed to be directors for the meeting, in order of rank and within the same rank in order of seniority, as necessary to achieve a quorum.(c) Corporate action taken in good faith during an emergency under this section to further the ordinary business affairs of the corporation binds the corporation and the fact that said action is taken by special procedures may not be used to impose liability on a corporate director, officer, employee, or agent.(d) An emergency exists for purposes of this section if a quorum of the corporation's directors cannot readily be assembled because of some catastrophic event. (1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-3-04 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 3 - Purposes and Powers.|§ 55-3-04 - Ultra vires.

 55-3-04. Ultra vires.(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the validity of corporate action may not be challenged on the ground that the corporation lacks or lacked power to act.(b) A corporation's power to act may be challenged:(1) In a proceeding by a shareholder against the corporation to enjoin the act;(2) In a proceeding by the corporation, directly, derivatively, or through a receiver, trustee, or other legal representative, against an incumbent or former director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation; or (3) In a proceeding by the Attorney General under G.S. 55-14-30.(c) In a shareholder's proceeding under subsection (b)(1) to enjoin an unauthorized corporate act, the court may enjoin or set aside the act, if equitable and if all affected persons are parties to the proceeding, and may award damages for loss (other than anticipated profits) suffered by the corporation or another party because of enjoining the unauthorized act. (Code, ss. 607, 686; 1901, c. 2, s. 107; Rev., s. 1197; C.S., s. 1143; G.S., 55-47; 1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-3-05 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 3 - Purposes and Powers.|§ 55-3-05 - Exercise of corporate franchises not granted.

 55-3-05. Exercise of corporate franchises not granted.The Attorney General may upon his own information or upon complaint of a private party bring an action in the name of the State to restrain any person from exercising corporate franchises not granted. (Code, ss. 607, 686; 1901, c. 2, s. 107; Rev., s. 1197; C.S., s. 1143; G.S., s. 55-47(2); 1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1989, c. 265, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-4-01 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 4 - Name.|§ 55-4-01 - through 55-4-05: Transferred to §§ 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).

 55-4-01 through 55-4-05: Transferred to 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).
NC Gen Stat § 55-4-02 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 4 - Name.|§ 55-4-02 - through 55-4-05: Transferred to §§ 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).

 55-4-01 through 55-4-05: Transferred to 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).
NC Gen Stat § 55-4-03 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 4 - Name.|§ 55-4-03 - through 55-4-05: Transferred to §§ 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).

 55-4-01 through 55-4-05: Transferred to 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).
NC Gen Stat § 55-4-04 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 4 - Name.|§ 55-4-04 - through 55-4-05: Transferred to §§ 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).

 55-4-01 through 55-4-05: Transferred to 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).
NC Gen Stat § 55-4-05 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 4 - Name.|§ 55-4-05 - through 55-4-05: Transferred to §§ 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).

 55-4-01 through 55-4-05: Transferred to 55D-20 through 55D-27 by Session Laws 2001-358, ss. 14(a) and 14(b).
NC Gen Stat § 55-5-01 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 5 - Office and Agent.|§ 55-5-01 - Registered office and registered agent.

 55-5-01. Registered office and registered agent.Each corporation must maintain a registered office and registered agent as required by Article 4 of Chapter 55D of the General Statutes and is subject to service on the Secretary of State under that Article. (1901, c. 5; Rev., s. 1243; C.S., s. 1137; 1937, c. 133, ss. 1-3; G.S., ss. 55-38, 55-39; 1955, c. 1371, s. 1; 1957, c. 979, s. 17; 1989, c. 265, s. 1; 2000-140, s. 101(a); 2001-358, ss. 44, 47(a); 2001-387, ss. 173, 175(a); 2001-413, s. 6.)
NC Gen Stat § 55-5-02 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 5 - Office and Agent.|§ 55-5-02 - through 55-5-04: Transferred to §§ 55D-31 through 55D-33 by Session Laws 2001-358, s. 44.

 55-5-02 through 55-5-04: Transferred to 55D-31 through 55D-33 by Session Laws 2001-358, s. 44.
NC Gen Stat § 55-5-03 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 55 - North Carolina Business Corporation Act|Article 5 - Office and Agent.|§ 55-5-03 - through 55-5-04: Transferred to §§ 55D-31 through 55D-33 by Session Laws 2001-358, s. 44.

 55-5-02 through 55-5-04: Transferred to 55D-31 through 55D-33 by Session Laws 2001-358, s. 44.