reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 38.2-509 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-509. Rebates

A. Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, no person shall:1. Knowingly permit, offer, or make any insurance or annuity contract or agreement which is not plainly expressed in the contract issued;2. Pay, allow or give, or offer to pay, allow or give, directly or indirectly, as inducement to any insurance or annuity contract, any rebate of premium payable on the contract, any special favor or advantage in the dividends or other benefits on the contract, any valuable consideration or inducement not specified in the contract, except in accordance with an applicable rating plan authorized for use in this Commonwealth;3. Give, sell, purchase, or offer to give, sell or purchase as inducement to insurance, or annuity contracts, or in connection with such contracts, any stocks, bonds, or other securities of any company, any dividends or profits accrued on any stocks, bonds or other securities of any company, or anything of value not specified in the contract; or4. Receive or accept as inducement to insurance, or annuity contracts, any rebate of premium payable on the contract, any special favor or advantage in the dividends or other benefit to accrue on the contract, or any valuable consideration or inducement not specified in the contract.B. Nothing in § 38.2-508 or in this section shall be construed to include within the definition of discrimination or rebates any of the following practices:1. In the case of any life insurance or annuity contract, paying bonuses to policyholders or otherwise abating their premiums in whole or in part out of surplus accumulated from nonparticipating insurance if the bonuses or abatement of premiums are fair and equitable to policyholders and in the best interests of the insurer and its policyholders;2. In the case of life or accident and sickness insurance policies issued on the industrial debit plan, making allowance to policyholders who, for a specified period, have continuously made premium payments directly to an office of the insurer in an amount that fairly represents the savings in collection expense;3. Readjustment of the rate of premium for a group insurance policy based on the loss or expense experience under the policy, at the end of the first or any subsequent policy year of insurance;4. In the case of insurers, allowing their bona fide employees to receive a reduction on the premiums paid by them on policies or contracts on their own lives and property, and on the lives and property of their spouses and dependent children;5. Issuing life or accident and sickness policies or annuity contracts on a salary savings or payroll deduction plan at a reduced rate consistent with the savings made by the use of such plan;6. Paying commissions or other compensation to duly licensed agents or brokers; or7. Allowing or returning to participating policyholders, members or subscribers, dividends, savings or unabsorbed premium payments.Code 1950, § 38.1-52; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-52.8; 1977, c. 529; 1978, c. 441; 1979, c. 324; 1980, c. 404; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-511 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-511. Failure to maintain record of complaints

No person other than agents or brokers, shall fail to maintain a complete record of all the complaints that it has received since the date of its last examination under § 38.2-1317, provided that the records of complaints of a health carrier subject to Chapter 58 (§ 38.2-5800 et seq.) of this title shall be retained for no less than five years. The record shall indicate the total number of complaints, their classification by line of insurance, the nature of each complaint, the disposition of these complaints, and the time it took to process each complaint.As used in this section, "complaint" shall mean any written communication from a policyholder, subscriber or claimant primarily expressing a grievance.Code 1950, § 38.1-52; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-52.10; 1977, c. 529; 1978, c. 441; 1979, c. 324; 1980, c. 404; 1986, c. 562; 1998, c. 891.
VA Code § 38.2-512 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-512. Misrepresentation in insurance documents or communications

A. No person shall make or cause or allow to be made false or fraudulent statements or representations on or relative to an application or any document or communication relating to the business of insurance for the purpose of obtaining a fee, commission, money, or other benefit from any insurer, agent, broker, premium finance company, or individual.B. No person shall, with respect to any document pertaining to the business of insurance, including payments made to an insurer or by an insurer, affix or cause or allow to be affixed the signature of any other person to such document without the written authorization of the person whose signature appears on such document.C. No person shall, with respect to any document pertaining to the business of insurance, obtain or cause or allow to be obtained by false pretense the signature of another person or utilize such signature for the purpose of altering, changing or effecting the benefits, advantages, terms or conditions of any insurance contract or document related thereto, including payments made to an insurer or by an insurer.Code 1950, § 38.1-52; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-52.11; 1977, c. 529; 1978, c. 441; 1979, c. 324; 1980, c. 404; 1986, c. 562; 1998, c. 12.
VA Code § 38.2-514 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-514. Failure to make disclosure

A. No person shall sell, solicit, or negotiate the sale of an annuity, a life insurance policy or an accident and sickness insurance policy without furnishing the disclosure information required by any rules and regulations of the Commission.B. No person shall provide to an insured, claimant, subscriber or enrollee under an accident and sickness insurance policy, subscription contract, or health maintenance organization contract, an explanation of benefits which does not clearly and accurately disclose the method of benefit calculation and the actual amount which has been or will be paid to the provider of services.Code 1950, § 38.1-52; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-52.13; 1977, c. 529; 1978, c. 441; 1979, c. 324; 1980, c. 404; 1986, c. 562; 1991, c. 620; 1992, c. 7; 1994, c. 320; 2001, cc. 371, 706.
VA Code § 38.2-514.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-514.1. Disclosure required

A. Any agent selling, soliciting, or negotiating a contract of insurance in conjunction with any automobile club service agreement or in conjunction with any accidental death and dismemberment policy shall provide to the applicant, at the time of application, a written disclosure which shall contain:1. The name or type of each policy or contract of insurance and automobile club service agreement for which application has been made;2. The premium quotation associated with each policy or contract of insurance and the cost of any dues, assessments or periodic payments of money associated with each automobile club service agreement for which application has been made; and3. A statement that the applicant has elected to purchase such policies, contracts, or automobile club service agreements.B. The disclosure required by this section shall be signed and dated by the agent and the applicant. A copy of the signed disclosure shall be given to the applicant at the time of application. If the application is made by telephonic or electronic request, a copy of the disclosure shall be signed and dated by the agent and shall be mailed to the applicant within ten calendar days of the application.C. The provisions of this section shall apply only to the original issuance of policies or contracts of insurance and automobile club service agreements covering personal, family, or household needs rather than business or professional needs. As used in this section, an automobile club service agreement is an agreement issued by an automobile club as defined in subsection E.D. Notwithstanding subsections A, B and C, this section shall not apply to the sale of group insurance.E. As used in this section, "automobile club" means a legal entity that, in consideration of dues, assessments, or periodic payments of money, promises its members or subscribers to assist them in matters relating to motor travel or the operation, use, or maintenance of a motor vehicle by supplying services that may include, but are not limited to, towing service, emergency road service, indemnification service, guaranteed arrest bond certificate service, discount service, financial service, theft service, map service, or touring service.1996, c. 473; 2001, c. 706; 2016, c. 250; 2017, c. 653.
VA Code § 38.2-514.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-514.2. Disclosures required of motor vehicle rental contract insurance agents and enrollers

No insurance may be sold, solicited, or negotiated by a motor vehicle rental contract insurance agent or enroller unless a conspicuous written disclosure is provided to the prospective renter that (i) summarizes clearly and correctly the material terms of coverage offered, including the identity of the insurer or insurers, (ii) advises that the coverage offered may duplicate coverage already provided by the renter's personal motor vehicle insurance policy, homeowner's insurance policy, personal liability insurance policy, or other source of coverage, and (iii) states that the purchase of the coverages offered is not required in order to rent a motor vehicle.1998, c. 47; 1999, c. 493; 2001, c. 706.
VA Code § 38.2-515 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-515. Power of Commission

A. The Commission shall have power to examine and investigate the affairs of each person subject to this chapter to determine whether such person has been or is engaged in any unfair method of competition or in any unfair or deceptive act or practice prohibited by this chapter.B. The Commission is further empowered to gather information from any person subject to this chapter relative to trade practices and whether such practices adequately and fairly serve the public interest.C. Any person who refuses or fails to provide information in a timely manner to the Commission as provided in this section shall be subject to the enforcement and penalty provisions set forth in Chapter 2 (§ 38.2-200 et seq.).1952, c. 317, § 38.1-53; 1977, c. 529; 1980, c. 404; 1986, c. 562; 1991, c. 356; 2012, cc. 273, 277.
VA Code § 38.2-515.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-515.1. Power of Commission; policies issued outside of the Commonwealth

A. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, the Commission shall have the power to assist consumers and to examine and investigate complaints and inquiries relating to trade practices and claim settlement practices of insurers involving policies issued outside of the Commonwealth but covering residents of the Commonwealth, provided that the policy was issued (i) as a policy of group accident and sickness insurance in accordance with § 38.2-3521.1 or (ii) to a group other than one described in § 38.2-3521.1 in compliance with the requirements of § 38.2-3522.1.B. The Commission's investigatory powers with respect to residents of the Commonwealth are limited to assisting consumers and examining and investigating complaints and inquiries as provided in subsection A and shall not extend to applying or enforcing federal laws or the laws of another state or jurisdiction.C. The Commission shall have no jurisdiction to adjudicate controversies arising out of this section.2018, c. 256.
VA Code § 38.2-516 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-516. Prohibited compensation for intra-company replacement

No insurer shall pay a commission or other compensation to an appointed agent who has replaced an existing individual accident and sickness policy with a policy issued by the same insurer when such new policy provides benefits substantially similar to the benefits under the replaced policy, except that an insurer may pay to such agent a commission or other compensation to the extent that the commission or other compensation does not exceed the renewal commission that would have been paid to the agent had the replaced policy continued in force.1990, c. 265.
VA Code § 38.2-518 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 5 - Unfair Trade Practices|§ 38.2-518. Certificates of insurance

A. As used in this section, "certificate of insurance" means a document, regardless of how titled or described, that is provided to a third party and is prepared or issued by an insurer or insurance producer as a statement or summary of an insured's property or casualty insurance coverage. The term does not include any (i) policy of insurance, (ii) insurance binder, (iii) policy endorsement, (iv) automobile identification card, (v) certificate issued under a group or master policy, or (vi) evidence of coverage provided to a lender in a lending transaction involving a mortgage, lien, deed of trust, or other security interest in or on any real or personal property.B. No person shall issue or deliver any certificate of insurance that attempts to confer any rights upon a third party beyond what the referenced policy of insurance expressly provides.C. No certificate of insurance may represent an insurer's obligation to give notice of cancellation or nonrenewal to a third party unless the giving of such notice is required by the policy.D. No person shall issue or deliver a certificate of insurance unless it contains a substantially similar statement to the following: "This certificate of insurance is issued as a matter of information only. It confers no rights upon the third party requesting the certificate beyond what the referenced policy of insurance expressly provides. This certificate of insurance does not extend, amend, or alter the coverage, terms, exclusions, or conditions afforded by the policy referenced in this certificate of insurance." If a certificate of insurance is required by a state or federal agency and accurately reflects the coverage provided by the underlying policies, no such statement is required.E. No person shall knowingly demand or require the issuance of a certificate of insurance from an insurer, insurance producer, or policyholder that contains any false or misleading information concerning the policy of insurance to which the certificate makes reference.F. No person shall knowingly prepare or issue a certificate of insurance that contains any false or misleading information or that purports to affirmatively or negatively alter, amend, or extend the coverage provided by the policy of insurance to which the certificate makes reference.G. The provisions of this section shall apply to all certificate holders, policyholders, insurers, insurance producers, and certificate of insurance forms issued as a statement or summary of insurance coverages on property, operations, or risks located in the Commonwealth.2012, cc. 273, 277.
VA Code § 38.2-600 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 6 - Insurance Information and Privacy Protection|§ 38.2-600. Purposes

The purposes of this article are to:1. Establish standards for the collection, use, and disclosure of information gathered in connection with insurance transactions by insurance institutions, agents or insurance-support organizations;2. Maintain a balance between the need for information by those conducting the business of insurance and the public's need for fairness in insurance information practices, including the need to minimize intrusiveness;3. Establish a regulatory mechanism to enable natural persons to ascertain what information is being or has been collected about them in connection with insurance transactions and to have access to such information for the purpose of verifying or disputing its accuracy;4. Limit the disclosure of information collected in connection with insurance transactions; and5. Enable insurance applicants and policyholders to obtain the reasons for any adverse underwriting decision.1981, c. 389, § 38.1-57.3; 1986, c. 562; 2020, c. 264.
VA Code § 38.2-601 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 6 - Insurance Information and Privacy Protection|§ 38.2-601. Application of article

A. The obligations imposed by this article shall apply to those insurance institutions, agents or insurance-support organizations that:1. In the case of life or accident and sickness insurance:a. Collect, receive or maintain information in connection with insurance transactions that pertains to natural persons who are residents of the Commonwealth; orb. Engage in insurance transactions with applicants, individuals, or policyholders who are residents of the Commonwealth; and2. In the case of property or casualty insurance:a. Collect, receive or maintain information in connection with insurance transactions involving policies, contracts or certificates of insurance delivered, issued for delivery or renewed in the Commonwealth; orb. Engage in insurance transactions involving policies, contracts or certificates of insurance delivered, issued for delivery or renewed in the Commonwealth.B. The rights granted by this article shall extend to:1. In the case of life or accident and sickness insurance, the following persons who are residents of the Commonwealth:a. Natural persons who are the subject of information collected, received or maintained in connection with insurance transactions; andb. Applicants, individuals or policyholders who engage in or seek to engage in insurance transactions; and2. In the case of property or casualty insurance, the following persons:a. Natural persons who are the subject of information collected, received or maintained in connection with insurance transactions involving policies, contracts or certificates of insurance delivered, issued for delivery or renewed in the Commonwealth; andb. Applicants, individuals, or policyholders who engage in or seek to engage in insurance transactions involving policies, contracts or certificates of insurance delivered, issued for delivery or renewed in the Commonwealth.C. For purposes of this section, a person shall be considered a resident of the Commonwealth if the person's last known mailing address, as shown in the records of the insurance institution, agent or insurance-support organization, is located in the Commonwealth.D. Notwithstanding subsections A and B, this article shall not apply to information collected from the public records of a governmental authority and maintained by an insurance institution or its representatives for the purpose of insuring the title to real property located in the Commonwealth.E. The provisions of this article shall apply only to insurance purchased primarily for personal, family or household purposes.1981, c. 389, § 38.1-57.4; 1986, c. 562; 2001, c. 371; 2020, c. 264.
VA Code § 38.2-603 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 6 - Insurance Information and Privacy Protection|§ 38.2-603. Pretext interviews

No insurance institution, agent, or insurance-support organization shall use or authorize the use of pretext interviews to obtain information in connection with an insurance transaction. However, a pretext interview may be undertaken to obtain information from a person or institution that does not have a generally or statutorily recognized privileged relationship with the person about whom the information relates for the purpose of investigating a claim where, based upon specific information available for review by the Commission, there is a reasonable basis for suspecting criminal activity, fraud, material misrepresentation, or material nondisclosure in connection with the claim.1981, c. 389, § 38.1-57.6; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-605 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 6 - Insurance Information and Privacy Protection|§ 38.2-605. Marketing and research surveys

An insurance institution or agent shall clearly specify those questions designed to obtain information solely for marketing or research purposes from an individual in connection with an insurance transaction.1981, c. 389, § 38.1-57.8; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-606 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 6 - Insurance Information and Privacy Protection|§ 38.2-606. Content of disclosure authorization forms

Notwithstanding any other provision of law of this Commonwealth, no insurance institution, agent, or insurance-support organization shall utilize as its disclosure authorization form in connection with insurance transactions involving insurance policies or contracts issued after January 1, 1982, a form or statement that authorizes the disclosure of personal or privileged information about an individual to the insurance institution, agent, or insurance-support organization unless the form or statement:1. Is written in plain language;2. Is dated;3. Specifies the types of persons authorized to disclose information about the individual;4. Specifies the nature of the information authorized to be disclosed;5. Names the insurance institution or agent and identifies by generic reference representatives of the insurance institution to whom the individual is authorizing information to be disclosed;6. Specifies the purposes for which the information is collected;7. Specifies the length of time such authorization shall remain valid, which shall be no longer than:a. In the case of authorizations signed for the purpose of collecting information in connection with an application for an insurance policy, a policy reinstatement, or a request for change in policy benefits:(1) Thirty months from the date the authorization is signed if the application or request involves life, accident and sickness, or disability insurance; or(2) Two years from the date the authorization is signed if the application or request involves property or casualty insurance;b. In the case of authorizations signed for the purpose of collecting information in connection with a claim for benefits under an insurance policy:(1) The term of coverage of the policy if the claim is for an accident and sickness insurance benefit; or(2) The duration of the claim if the claim is not for an accident and sickness insurance benefit; and8. Advises the individual or a person authorized to act on behalf of the individual that the individual or the individual's authorized representative is entitled to receive a copy of the authorization form.1981, c. 389, § 38.1-57.9; 1986, c. 562; 2001, c. 371.
VA Code § 38.2-607 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 6 - Insurance Information and Privacy Protection|§ 38.2-607. Investigative consumer reports

A. No insurance institution, agent, or insurance-support organization may prepare or request an investigative consumer report about an individual in connection with an insurance transaction involving an application for insurance, a policy renewal, a policy reinstatement or a change in insurance benefits unless the insurance institution or agent informs the individual:1. That he may request to be interviewed in connection with the preparation of the investigative consumer report; and2. That upon a request pursuant to § 38.2-608, he is entitled to receive a copy of the investigative consumer report.B. If an investigative consumer report is to be prepared by an insurance institution or agent, the insurance institution or agent shall institute reasonable procedures to conduct a personal interview requested by an individual.C. If an investigative consumer report is to be prepared by an insurance-support organization, the insurance institution or agent desiring the report shall inform the insurance-support organization whether a personal interview has been requested by the individual. The insurance-support organization shall institute reasonable procedures to conduct such interviews, if requested.1981, c. 389, § 38.1-57.10; 1986, c. 562.