reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
23 PA Cons Stat § 5428 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5428 - Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct

§ 5428. Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct. (a) General rule.--Except as otherwise provided in section 5424 (relating to temporary emergency jurisdiction) or by other laws of this Commonwealth, if a court of this Commonwealth has jurisdiction under this chapter because a person seeking to invoke its jurisdiction has engaged in unjustifiable conduct, the court shall decline to exercise its jurisdiction unless:  (1) the parents and all persons acting as parents have acquiesced in the exercise of jurisdiction; (2) a court of the state otherwise having jurisdiction under sections 5421 (relating to initial child custody jurisdiction) through 5423 (relating to jurisdiction to modify determination) determines that this Commonwealth is a more appropriate forum under section 5427 (relating to inconvenient forum); or  (3) no court of any other state would have jurisdiction under the criteria specified in sections 5421 through 5423.  (b) Jurisdiction declined; remedy.--If a court of this Commonwealth declines to exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to subsection (a), it may fashion an appropriate remedy to ensure the safety of the child and prevent a repetition of the unjustifiable conduct, including staying the proceeding until a child custody proceeding is commenced in a court having jurisdiction under sections 5421 through 5423.  (c) Jurisdiction declined; expenses.--If a court dismisses a petition or stays a proceeding because it declines to exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to subsection (a), it shall assess against the party seeking to invoke its jurisdiction necessary and reasonable expenses, including costs, communication expenses, attorney fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses and child care during the course of the proceedings unless the party from whom fees are sought establishes that the assessment would be clearly inappropriate. The court may not assess fees, costs or expenses against this Commonwealth unless authorized by law other than this chapter.    Cross References. Section 5428 is referred to in section 5421 of this title.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5429 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5429 - Information to be submitted to court

§ 5429. Information to be submitted to court. (a) General rule.--Subject to the rules set forth in Chapter 53 (relating to child custody) providing for the confidentiality of procedures, addresses and other identifying information in a child custody proceeding, each party in its first pleading or in an attached affidavit shall give information, if reasonably ascertainable, under oath as to the child's present address or whereabouts, the places where the child has lived during the last five years and the names and present addresses of the persons with whom the child has lived during that period. The pleading or affidavit must state whether the party:  (1) has participated as a party or witness or in any other capacity in any other proceeding concerning the custody of or visitation with the child and, if so, identify the court, the case number and the date of the child custody determination, if any;  (2) knows of any proceeding that could affect the current proceeding, including proceedings for enforcement and proceedings relating to domestic violence, protective orders, termination of parental rights and adoptions, and, if so, identify the court, the case number and the nature of the proceeding; and  (3) knows the names and addresses of any person not a party to the proceeding who has physical custody of the child or claims rights of legal custody or physical custody of or visitation with the child and, if so, the names and addresses of those persons.  (b) Stay.--If the information required by subsection (a) is not furnished, the court upon motion of a party or its own motion may stay the proceeding until the information is furnished.  (c) Additional information.--If the declaration as to any of the items described in subsection (a)(1) through (3) is in the affirmative, the declarant shall give additional information under oath as required by the court. The court may examine the parties under oath as to details of the information furnished and other matters pertinent to the court's jurisdiction and the disposition of the case.  (d) Duty to disclose other proceedings.--Each party has a continuing duty to inform the court of any proceeding in this Commonwealth or any other state that could affect the current proceeding.  (e) Identifying information.--If a party alleges in an affidavit or a pleading under oath that the health, safety or liberty of a party or child would be jeopardized by disclosure of identifying information, the information must be sealed and may not be disclosed to the other party or the public unless the court orders the disclosure to be made after a hearing in which the court takes into consideration the health, safety or liberty of the party or child and determines that the disclosure is in the interest of justice.    Cross References. Section 5429 is referred to in sections 5206, 5426, 5445 of this title.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5430 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5430 - Appearance of parties and child

§ 5430. Appearance of parties and child. (a) General rule.--In a child custody proceeding in this Commonwealth, the court may order a party to the proceeding who is in this Commonwealth to appear before the court in person with or without the child. The court may order any person who is in this Commonwealth and who has physical custody or control of the child to appear in person with the child.  (b) Party outside this Commonwealth.--If a party to a child custody proceeding whose presence is desired by the court is outside this Commonwealth, the court may order that a notice given pursuant to section 5408 (relating to notice to persons outside Commonwealth) include a statement directing the party to appear in person with or without the child and informing the party that failure to appear may result in a decision adverse to the party.  (c) Personal safety.--The court may enter any orders necessary to ensure the safety of the child and of any person ordered to appear under this section.  (d) Expenses.--If a party to a child custody proceeding who is outside this Commonwealth is directed to appear under subsection (b) or desires to appear personally before the court with or without the child, the court may require another party to pay reasonable and necessary travel and other expenses of the party so appearing and of the child.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5441 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5441 - Definitions

§ 5441. Definitions. The following words and phrases when used in this subchapter shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:  "Petitioner." A person who seeks enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child custody determination.  "Respondent." A person against whom a proceeding has been commenced for enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child custody determination.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5442 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5442 - Enforcement under Hague Convention

§ 5442. Enforcement under Hague Convention. Under this subchapter a court of this Commonwealth may enforce an order for the return of the child made under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction as if it were a child custody determination.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5443 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5443 - Duty to enforce

§ 5443. Duty to enforce. (a) General rule.--A court of this Commonwealth shall recognize and enforce a child custody determination of a court of another state if the latter court exercised jurisdiction in substantial conformity with this chapter or the determination was made under factual circumstances meeting the jurisdictional standards of this chapter and the determination has not been modified in accordance with this chapter.  (b) Remedies.--A court of this Commonwealth may utilize any remedy available under other laws of this Commonwealth to enforce a child custody determination made by a court of another state. The remedies provided in this subchapter are cumulative and do not affect the availability of other remedies to enforce a child custody determination.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5444 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5444 - Temporary visitation

§ 5444. Temporary visitation. (a) General rule.--A court of this Commonwealth which does not have jurisdiction to modify a child custody determination may issue a temporary order enforcing:  (1) a visitation schedule made by a court of another state; or (2) the visitation provisions of a child custody determination of another state that does not provide for a specific visitation schedule.  (b) Time to obtain permanent change in visitation.--If a court of this Commonwealth makes an order under subsection (a)(2), it shall specify in the order a period that it considers adequate to allow the petitioner to obtain an order from a court having jurisdiction under the criteria specified in Subchapter B (relating to jurisdiction). The order remains in effect until an order is obtained from the other court or the period expires.    Cross References. Section 5444 is referred to in section 5448 of this title.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5446 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5446 - Enforcement of registered determination

§ 5446. Enforcement of registered determination. (a) General rule.--A court of this Commonwealth may grant any relief normally available under the laws of this Commonwealth to enforce a registered child custody determination made by a court of another state.  (b) Modification.--A court of this Commonwealth shall recognize and enforce but may not modify, except in accordance with Subchapter B (relating to jurisdiction), a registered child custody determination of a court of another state.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5447 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5447 - Simultaneous proceedings

§ 5447. Simultaneous proceedings. If a proceeding for enforcement under this subchapter is commenced in a court of this Commonwealth and the court determines that a proceeding to modify the determination is pending in a court of another state having jurisdiction to modify the determination under Subchapter B (relating to jurisdiction), the enforcing court shall immediately communicate with the modifying court. The proceeding for enforcement continues unless the enforcing court, after consultation with the modifying court, stays or dismisses the proceeding.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5449 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5449 - Service of petition and order

§ 5449. Service of petition and order. Except as otherwise provided in section 5451 (relating to warrant to take physical custody of child), the petition and order must be served by any method authorized by the laws of this Commonwealth upon respondent and any person who has physical custody of the child.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5450 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5450 - Hearing and order

§ 5450. Hearing and order. (a) General rule.--Unless the court issues a temporary emergency order pursuant to section 5424 (relating to temporary emergency jurisdiction), upon a finding that a petitioner is entitled to immediate physical custody of the child, the court shall order that the petitioner may take immediate physical custody of the child unless the respondent establishes that:  (1) the child custody determination has not been registered and confirmed under section 5445 (relating to registration of child custody determination) and that:  (i) the issuing court did not have jurisdiction under Subchapter B (relating to jurisdiction); (ii) the child custody determination for which enforcement is sought has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so under Subchapter B; or  (iii) the respondent was entitled to notice, but notice was not given in accordance with the standards of section 5408 (relating to notice to persons outside Commonwealth), in the proceedings before the court that issued the order for which enforcement is sought; or  (2) the child custody determination for which enforcement is sought was registered and confirmed under section 5445 but has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court of a state having jurisdiction to do so under Subchapter B.  (b) Costs, fees and expenses.--The court shall award the costs, fees and expenses authorized under section 5452 (relating to costs, fees and expenses) and may grant additional relief, including a request for the assistance of law enforcement officials, and set a further hearing to determine whether additional relief is appropriate.  (c) Refusal to testify.--If a party called to testify refuses to answer on the ground that the testimony may be self-incriminating, the court may draw an adverse inference from the refusal.  (d) Spousal privilege unavailable.--A privilege against disclosure of communications between spouses and a defense of immunity based on the relationship of husband and wife or parent and child may not be invoked in a proceeding under this subchapter.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5451 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5451 - Warrant to take physical custody of child

§ 5451. Warrant to take physical custody of child. (a) General rule.--Upon the filing of a petition seeking enforcement of a child custody determination, the petitioner may file a verified application for the issuance of a warrant to take physical custody of the child if the child is immediately likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from this Commonwealth.  (b) Petition.--If the court, upon the testimony of the petitioner or other witness, finds that the child is imminently likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from this Commonwealth, it may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child. The petition must be heard on the next judicial day after the warrant is executed unless that date is impossible. In that event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible. The application for the warrant must include the statements required by section 5448(b) (relating to expedited enforcement of child custody determination).  (c) Warrant.--A warrant to take physical custody of a child must:  (1) recite the facts upon which a conclusion of imminent serious physical harm or removal from the jurisdiction is based;  (2) direct law enforcement officers to take physical custody of the child immediately; and  (3) provide for the placement of the child pending final relief. (d) Time of service.--The respondent must be served with the petition, warrant and order immediately after the child is taken into physical custody.  (e) Enforcement.--A warrant to take physical custody of a child is enforceable throughout this Commonwealth. If the court finds on the basis of the testimony of the petitioner or other witness that a less intrusive remedy is not effective, it may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property to take physical custody of the child. If required by exigent circumstances of the case, the court may authorize law enforcement officers to make a forcible entry at any hour.  (f) Appearance of child.--The court may impose conditions upon placement of a child to ensure the appearance of the child and the child's custodian.    Cross References. Section 5451 is referred to in section 5449 of this title.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5452 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5452 - Costs, fees and expenses

§ 5452. Costs, fees and expenses. (a) General rule.--The court shall award the prevailing party, including a state, necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party, including costs, communication expenses, attorney fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees or expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly inappropriate.  (b) Assessment against a state.--The court may not assess fees, costs or expenses against a state unless authorized by law other than this chapter.    Cross References. Section 5452 is referred to in sections 5448, 5450 of this title.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5453 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5453 - Recognition and enforcement

§ 5453. Recognition and enforcement. A court of this Commonwealth shall accord full faith and credit to an order issued by another state and consistent with this chapter which enforces a child custody determination by a court of another state unless the order has been vacated, stayed or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so under Subchapter B (relating to jurisdiction).
23 PA Cons Stat § 5454 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5454 - Appeals

§ 5454. Appeals. An appeal may be taken from a final order in a proceeding under this subchapter in accordance with expedited appellate procedures in other civil cases. Unless the court enters a temporary emergency order under section 5424 (relating to temporary emergency jurisdiction), the enforcing court may not stay an order enforcing a child custody determination pending appeal.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5455 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5455 - Role of prosecutor or public official

§ 5455. Role of prosecutor or public official. (a) General rule.--In a case arising under this chapter or involving the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, the prosecutor or other appropriate public official may take any lawful action, including resort to a proceeding under this subchapter or any other available civil proceeding to locate a child, obtain the return of a child or enforce a child custody determination if there is:  (1) an existing child custody determination; (2) a request to do so from a court in a pending child custody proceeding; (3) a reasonable belief that a criminal statute has been violated; or (4) a reasonable belief that the child has been wrongfully removed or retained in violation of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.  (b) Authority.--A prosecutor or appropriate public official acting under this section acts on behalf of the court and may not represent any party.    Cross References. Section 5455 is referred to in sections 5204, 5456, 5457 of this title.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5456 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5456 - Role of law enforcement

§ 5456. Role of law enforcement. At the request of a prosecutor or other appropriate public official acting under section 5455 (relating to role of prosecutor or public official), a law enforcement officer may take any lawful action reasonably necessary to locate a child or a party and assist a prosecutor or appropriate public official with responsibilities under section 5455.    Cross References. Section 5456 is referred to in section 5457 of this title.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5457 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5457 - Costs and expenses

§ 5457. Costs and expenses. If the respondent is not the prevailing party, the court may assess against the respondent all direct expenses and costs incurred by the prosecutor or other appropriate public official and law enforcement officers under section 5455 (relating to role of prosecutor or public official) or 5456 (relating to role of law enforcement).
23 PA Cons Stat § 5471 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5471 - Intrastate application

§ 5471. Intrastate application. The provisions of this chapter allocating jurisdiction and functions between and among courts of different states shall also allocate jurisdiction and functions between and among the courts of common pleas of this Commonwealth.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5481 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5481 - Application and construction

§ 5481. Application and construction. In applying and construing this chapter, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5482 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 54 - Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement|Section 5482 - Severability

§ 5482. Severability. If any provision of this chapter or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this chapter which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this chapter are severable.
23 PA Cons Stat § 5501 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 23 - DOMESTIC RELATIONS|Chapter 55 - Liability for Tortious Acts of Children|Section 5501 - Definitions

§ 5501. Definitions. The following words and phrases when used in this chapter shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:  "Child." An individual under 18 years of age.  "Injury." Includes injury to the person and theft, destruction or loss of property.  "Parent." Includes natural or adoptive parents.  "Person." Includes government units and Federal agencies.  "Tortious act." A willful tortious act resulting in injury.