reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 15.2-2024 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2024. Numbers to be displayed on buildings

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A of § 15.2-2000, every locality, by ordinance, may require that each building that fronts on a right-of-way be numbered and such number be displayed on the primary or accompanying building or in a manner that is easily readable from the right-of-way. Every locality may adopt such rules or procedures necessary to ensure the compliance with and enforcement of the ordinance adopted pursuant to this section. The ordinance may include provisions for a civil penalty not to exceed $100 for a violation that has not been corrected within 15 days of notice of such violation. Civil penalties assessed under this section shall be paid into the treasury of the locality where the violation occurred.1984, c. 223, § 15.1-29.11; 1997, cc. 534, 587; 2020, c. 8.
VA Code § 15.2-2025 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2025. Removal of snow and ice

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A of § 15.2-2000, any county in Northern Virginia Planning District 8, or any county outside Planning District 8 that has adopted the county executive form of government, may provide by ordinance reasonable criteria and requirements for the removal of accumulations of snow and ice from public sidewalks, by the owner or other person in charge of any occupied property.Such ordinance shall include reasonable time frames for compliance and reasonable exceptions for handicapped and elderly persons, and those otherwise physically incapable of meeting the criteria and requirements for such removal.Civil penalties not to exceed $100 may be imposed for violation of such ordinance.1988, c. 356, § 15.1-29.16; 1997, c. 587; 2018, cc. 323, 661.
VA Code § 15.2-2026 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2026. Limited access streets

Localities shall have the same authority with respect to the planning, designation, acquisition, opening, construction, reconstruction, improvement, maintenance, discontinuance and regulation of the use of limited access streets; the designation of existing streets as limited access streets, and the extinguishment of easements and rights in connection therewith; the regulation and restriction of access to such streets; the construction of service roads in connection therewith; and all other authority with respect to such streets and incidental thereto, as the Commonwealth Transportation Board has under the provisions of §§ 33.2-400 through 33.2-404, or as the Board may be hereafter granted by amendment thereof or otherwise. "Limited access street" as used in this section means a street especially designed for through traffic over which abutters have no easement or right of light, air or access because their property abuts upon such limited access street.Code 1950, § 15-7.1; 1952, c. 422; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-16; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2027 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2027. Regulation of private roadways within multifamily residential developments

Any locality may regulate and control private roadways within multifamily residential developments to such extent as to allow police, fire and rescue vehicles access to the developments.1970, c. 282, § 15.1-510.5:1; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2028 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2028. Regulation of traffic

Every locality may regulate and control the operation of motor and other vehicles and the movement of vehicular and pedestrian travel and traffic on streets, highways, roads, alleys, bridges, viaducts, subways, underpasses and other public rights-of-way and places, provided such regulations shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of Chapter 13 (§ 46.2-1300 et seq.) of Title 46.2.Code 1950, § 15-77.55; 1958, c. 328; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-891; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2029 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2029. Regulation of transportation of certain materials

Any locality may regulate the transportation of hay, coal, gasoline, explosives or other articles through the streets of the locality.Code 1950, § 15-6; 1960, c. 528; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-14; 1970, c. 453; 1973, c. 402; 1990, c. 58; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2030 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2030. Localities may sell or lease airspace over public streets, public rights-of-way, etc., under certain conditions

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A of § 15.2-2000, subject to the provisions of Article VII, Section 9 of the Constitution of Virginia when applicable, any locality may by ordinance authorize the sale or lease of the airspace over or under any public street, lane, alley or other public right-of-way in such locality owned by it in fee simple; provided, that any building, structure or appurtenance thereto, constructed over any such street, lane, alley or other public right-of-way shall have a minimum clearance of sixteen feet six inches and providing further that nothing herein shall be construed to relieve any such grantee or lessee of such airspace of the liability for negligence on their part. No such ordinance shall be adopted until the governing body has held a public hearing thereon after public notice as provided in § 15.2-2204. In addition, in those public rights-of-way in which the Commonwealth has a prescriptive easement for maintenance and public travel, the airspace shall be conveyed or leased only with the consent, in writing, of the Commissioner of Highways.Should the construction of any building or structure in any such airspace require the relocation of any utility, the cost of such relocation shall be borne by the grantee or lessee.1964, c. 373, § 15.1-376.1; 1966, c. 44; 1970, c. 570; 1979, c. 431; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2101 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2101. Ordinance proposing grant of franchise, etc., to be advertised

A. Before granting any franchise, privilege, lease or right of any kind to use any public property described in § 15.2-2100 or easement of any description, for a term in excess of five years, except in the case of and for a trunk railway, the city or town proposing to make the grant shall advertise a descriptive notice of the ordinance proposing to make the grant once a week for two successive weeks in a newspaper having general circulation in the city or town. The descriptive notice of the ordinance may also be advertised as many times in such other newspaper or newspapers, published outside the city, town or Commonwealth, as the council may determine. The advertisement shall include a statement that a copy of the full text of the ordinance is on file in the office of the clerk of the city or town council.B. The advertisement shall invite bids for the franchise, privilege, lease or right proposed to be granted in the ordinance. The bids shall be in writing and delivered upon the day and hour named in the advertisement and shall be opened in public session and marked for identification by the person designated in the advertisement to receive such bids. The cost of the required advertisement shall be paid by the city or town which shall be reimbursed by the person to whom the grant is made. The city or town shall have the right to reject any and all bids and shall reserve this right in the advertisement.Code 1950, §§ 15-728, 15-729; 1962, c. 623, §§ 15.1-308, 15.1-309; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 64; 1983, c. 138; 1997, c. 587; 2001, c. 498.
VA Code § 15.2-2102 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2102. How bids received and to whom franchise awarded

The presiding officer shall read aloud, or cause to be read aloud, a brief summary of each of the bids that have been received, for public information, and shall then inquire if any further bids are offered. If further bids are offered, they shall be received. The presiding officer shall thereafter declare the bidding closed. The presiding officer shall receive recommendations from the staff relative to any bids received in advance and staff's recommendations, if any, on any bids received at the advertised council meeting. After such other investigation as the council sees fit to make, the council shall accept the highest bid from a responsible bidder and shall adopt the ordinance as advertised, without substantial variation, except to insert the name of the accepted bidder. However, the council, by a recorded vote of a majority of the members elected to the council, may reject a higher bid and accept a lower bid from a responsible bidder and award the franchise, right, lease or privilege to the lower bidder, if, in its opinion, some reason affecting the interest of the city or town makes it advisable to do so, which reason shall be expressed in the body of the subsequent ordinance granting the franchise, right, lease or privilege. The process described in this section may run concurrently with any other advertisement or public ordinance requirements of this title, or such requirements as may be contained in charters of such cities or towns.Code 1950, § 15-730; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-310; 1997, c. 587; 2001, c. 498.
VA Code § 15.2-2103 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2103. Award when no satisfactory bid received

If, after such advertisements, no bid, or no satisfactory bid, is made, the council may advertise for further bids, and in case no bid at all is made, the council, if it sees fit to do so, may adopt an ordinance in the manner required by law granting such franchises, rights, leases or privileges to any person making application therefor.Code 1950, § 15-731; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-311; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2103.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2103.1. Solar services agreements; nondisclosure of proprietary information

A. A solar services agreement may be structured as a service agreement or may be subject to available appropriation.B. Nothing in this article shall be construed to require the disclosure of proprietary information voluntarily provided by a private entity in connection with a franchise, lease, or use under a solar services agreement that is excluded from mandatory disclosure pursuant to subdivision 29 of § 2.2-3705.6 of the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.).C. Nothing in this section, however, shall be construed as authorizing the withholding of the financial terms of such agreements.2017, c. 737.
VA Code § 15.2-2104 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2104. Bond of person awarded franchise, etc.

The person to whom a franchise, right, lease or privilege is awarded, whether by competing bids or otherwise, shall first execute a bond, with good and sufficient security, in favor of the city or town. The bond shall be in such sum as the city or town shall determine, conditioned upon the construction, operation and maintenance of the plant or plants provided for in the granted franchise, right, lease or privilege.Code 1950, § 15-732; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-312; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2105 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2105. How amendments made to franchise, etc.; notice required

No amendment or extension of any franchise, right, lease or privilege that now exists, or that may hereafter be authorized, which extends or enlarges the time or territory of such franchise, right, lease or privilege, shall be granted by any city or town until the provisions of §§ 15.2-2101 through 15.2-2104 have been complied with. No amendment that releases the grantee, or his assignee, from the performance of any duty required by the ordinance or that authorizes an increase in the user charges to be made by such grantee or assignee shall be granted until notice of such proposed amendment has given to the public by advertising the proposed amendment for ten days in some newspaper having general circulation in the city or town. The cost of such advertising shall be paid by the city or town, which shall be reimbursed by the person to whom the amendment is granted. No such amendment shall be adopted except by ordinance.Code 1950, § 15-734; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-314; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2105.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2105.1. Granting franchises for operation of a vehicular ferry transportation system

The authority granted by this article for the granting of franchises by localities shall include the authority to grant an exclusive franchise for the operation of a vehicular ferry transportation system in Northumberland County. The county may regulate such system, including the establishment of fees and rates.2002, c. 154.
VA Code § 15.2-2106 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2106. Powers of court to enforce obedience by mandamus, etc.

The circuit courts for the cities and for the counties in which towns may be situated shall have jurisdiction by mandamus, according to the provisions of Article 2 (§ 8.01-644 et seq.) of Chapter 25 of Title 8.01, to enforce compliance by the cities or towns and by all grantees with all the terms, contracts and obligations of either party, as contained in the franchises, rights, leases or privileges, whether now in force or hereafter granted. The jurisdiction in mandamus shall not preclude any party from bringing any other suit or action which such party would be entitled to bring, at law or in equity.Code 1950, § 15-735; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-315; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2107 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2107. Persons occupying or using streets, etc., contrary to law

Any person occupying or using any of the streets, avenues, parks, bridges or any other public places or public property or any public easement of any description of a city or town, in a manner not permitted to the general public, without having first legally obtained the consent of the city or town shall be guilty of a Class 4 misdemeanor. Each day's continuance thereof shall be a separate offense. Such occupancy or use shall be deemed a nuisance. The court trying the case may cause the nuisance to be abated and commit the offenders and all their agents and employees engaged in such offenses to jail until the order of the court is obeyed.Code 1950, § 15-736; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-316; 1983, c. 613; 1997, c. 587.
VA Code § 15.2-2108.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2108.1. Regulation of open video systems

A locality may regulate any open video system authorized pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 573 to the maximum extent permitted by federal law, including without limitation the (i) imposition of a gross revenues fee, if such locality has not adopted a currently effective ordinance pursuant to § 58.1-3818.3 and (ii) requirement of the provision and support of public, educational and governmental access channels on any such system.1998, cc. 643, 652.
VA Code § 15.2-2108.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2108.2. Definitions

As used in this article:"Advanced service" means high-speed Internet access capability in excess of 144 kilobits per second both upstream and downstream."Cable television service" means (i) the one-way transmission to subscribers of video programming or other programming service; and (ii) subscriber interaction, if any, that is required for the selection or use of the video programming or other programming service."Capital costs" means all costs of providing a service that are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles."Cross subsidize" means to pay a cost included in the direct costs or indirect costs of providing a service that is not accounted for in the full cost of accounting of providing the service."Direct costs" means those expenses of a municipality that are directly attributable to providing a cable television service and would be eliminated if such service were not provided by the municipality."Feasibility consultant" means an individual or entity with expertise in the processes and economics of providing cable television service."Full-cost accounting" means the accounting of all costs incurred by a municipality in providing a cable television service. The costs included in a full-cost accounting include all capital costs, direct costs, and indirect costs."Indirect costs" means any costs identified with two or more services or other functions; and that are not directly identified with a single service or function. "Indirect costs" may include cost factors for administration, accounting, personnel, purchasing, legal support, and other staff or departmental support."Private provider" means a private entity that provides cable television services."Telecommunications service" means the two-way transmission of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, messages, data, or other information of any nature by wire, radio, lightwaves, or other electromagnetic means offered to the public generally."Subscriber" means a person who lawfully receives cable television services.2003, c. 677.
VA Code § 15.2-2108.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2108.3. Scope of article

A. Nothing in this article shall authorize any county or other political subdivision of the Commonwealth to (i) provide a cable television service; or (ii) purchase, lease, construct, maintain, or operate a facility for the purpose of providing a cable television service.B. Nothing in this article shall apply to a municipality purchasing, leasing, constructing, or equipping facilities that are designed to provide services within the municipality, and that the municipality (i) uses for internal municipal government purposes; or (ii) by written contract, leases, sells capacity in, or grants other similar rights to a private provider to use the facilities in connection with a private provider offering cable television services.2003, c. 677.
VA Code § 15.2-2108.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2108.4. Limitations on providing cable television services

A. Except as provided in this article, a municipality shall not (i) provide a cable television service; or (ii) purchase, lease, construct, maintain, or operate any facility for the purpose of providing a cable television service to one or more subscribers.B. For purposes of this article, a municipality provides a cable television service if the municipality provides the service:1. Directly or indirectly, including through an authority or instrumentality acting on behalf of the municipality or acting for the benefit of the municipality; or2. By itself, through a partnership, joint venture, or by contract, resale, or otherwise.2003, c. 677.
VA Code § 15.2-2108.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2108.5. Preliminary public hearing; feasibility consultant

A. Before a municipality may engage or offer to engage in an activity described in subsection A of § 15.2-2108.4, the governing body of the municipality shall hold a preliminary public hearing at which any interested party may appear and be heard.B. If the governing body elects to proceed after holding the preliminary public hearing required by subsection A, the governing body shall approve the hiring of a feasibility consultant to conduct a feasibility study in accordance with § 15.2-2108.6.2003, c. 677.
VA Code § 15.2-2108.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 21 - Franchises; Sale and Lease of Certain Municipal Public Property; Public Utilities|§ 15.2-2108.6. Feasibility study on providing cable television services

A. Upon the hiring of a feasibility consultant under § 15.2-2108.5, the governing body of the municipality shall require the feasibility consultant to:1. Complete the feasibility study in accordance with this section;2. Submit to the governing body by no later than 180 days from the date the feasibility consultant is hired to conduct the feasibility study the full written results of the feasibility study, and a summary of the results that is no longer than one page in length; and3. Attend the public hearings required by § 15.2-2108.7, if held, to: (i) present the feasibility study results and (ii) respond to questions from the public.B. The feasibility study described in subsection A shall at a minimum consider:1. If the municipality is proposing to provide cable television services to subscribers, whether the municipality providing cable television services in the manner proposed by the municipality will hinder or advance competition for cable television services in the municipality;2. Whether but for the municipality any person would provide the proposed cable television services;3. The fiscal impact on the municipality of: (i) the capital investment in facilities that will be used to provide the proposed cable television services or (ii) the expenditure of funds for labor, financing, and administering the proposed cable television services;4. The projected growth in demand in the municipality for the proposed cable television services;5. The projections at the time of the feasibility study, and for the five years immediately thereafter, of a full-cost accounting for a municipality to purchase, lease, construct, maintain, or operate the facilities necessary to provide the proposed cable television services; and6. The projections at the time of the feasibility study and for the five years immediately thereafter of the revenues to be generated from the proposed cable television services.C. For purposes of the financial projections required under subdivisions B 5 and B 6 of this section, the feasibility consultant shall assume that the municipality will price the proposed cable television services consistent with subsection E of § 15.2-2108.11.D. The governing body of the municipality shall determine whether the average annual revenues under subdivision B 6 exceed the average annual costs under subdivision B 5 by at least the amount necessary to meet the bond obligations of any bonds issued to fund the proposed cable television services based on the feasibility study's analysis for the first year of the study and the five-year projection, and separately stated with respect to the proposed cable television services.2003, c. 677.