reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NV Rev Stat § 104.4207 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4207 - Transfer warranties.

  1. A customer or collecting bank that transfers an item and receives a settlement or other consideration warrants to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that:  (a) The warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the item;  (b) All signatures on the item are authentic and authorized;  (c) The item has not been altered;  (d) The item is not subject to a defense or claim in recoupment (subsection 1 of NRS 104.3305) of any party that can be asserted against the warrantor;  (e) The warrantor has no knowledge of any insolvency proceeding commenced with respect to the maker or acceptor or, in the case of an unaccepted draft, the drawer; and  (f) With respect to a remotely-created item, that the person on whose account the item is drawn authorized the issuance of the item in the amount for which the item is drawn.  2. If an item is dishonored, a customer or collecting bank transferring the item and receiving settlement or other consideration is obliged to pay the amount due on the item according to the terms of the item at the time it was transferred, or if the transfer was of an incomplete item, according to its terms when completed as stated in NRS 104.3115 and 104.3407. The obligation of a transferor is owed to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that takes the item in good faith. A transferor cannot disclaim its obligation under this subsection by an endorsement stating that it is made "without recourse" or otherwise disclaiming liability.  3. A person to whom the warranties under subsection 1 are made and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, but not more than the amount of the item plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.  4. The warranties stated in subsection 1 cannot be disclaimed with respect to checks. Unless notice of a claim for breach of warranty is given to the warrantor within 30 days after the claimant has reason to know of the breach and the identity of the warrantor, the warrantor is discharged to the extent of any loss caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim.  5. A cause of action for breach of warranty under this section accrues when the claimant has reason to know of the breach.  6. No claim for breach of warranty in paragraph (f) of subsection 1 is available against a person to which an item was transferred to the extent that under applicable law, including the applicable choice-of-law principles, the person that transferred the item did not make the warranty in paragraph (f) of subsection 1.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 844; A 1993, 1304; 2005, 2006)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4209 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4209 - Encoding and retention warranties.

  1. A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue, warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that the information is correctly encoded. If the customer of a depositary bank encodes, that bank also makes the warranty.  2. A person who undertakes to retain an item pursuant to an agreement for electronic presentment warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that retention and presentment of the item comply with the agreement. If a customer of a depositary bank undertakes to retain an item, that bank also makes this warranty.  3. A person to whom warranties are made under this section and who took the item in good faith may recover from the warrantor as damages for breach of warranty an amount equal to the loss suffered as a result of the breach, plus expenses and loss of interest incurred as a result of the breach.  (Added to NRS by 1993, 1249)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4210 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4210 - Security interest of collecting bank in items, accompanying documents and proceeds.

  1. A collecting bank has a security interest in an item and any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either:  (a) In case of an item deposited in an account to the extent to which credit given for the item has been withdrawn or applied;  (b) In case of an item for which it has given credit available for withdrawal as of right, to the extent of the credit given, whether or not the credit is drawn upon or there is a right of charge-back; or  (c) If it makes an advance on or against the item.  2. If credit given for several items received at one time or pursuant to a single agreement is withdrawn or applied in part the security interest remains upon all the items, any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either. For the purpose of this section, credits first given are first withdrawn.  3. Receipt by a collecting bank of a final settlement for an item is a realization on its security interest in the item, accompanying documents, and proceeds. To the extent and so long as the bank does not receive final settlement for the item or give up possession of the item or possession or control of the accompanying documents for purposes other than collection, the security interest continues and is subject to the provisions of Article 9 except that:  (a) No security agreement is necessary to make the security interest enforceable (subparagraph (1) of paragraph (c) of subsection 2 of NRS 104.9203);  (b) No filing is required to perfect the security interest; and  (c) The security interest has priority over conflicting perfected security interests in the item, accompanying documents, or proceeds.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 845; A 1993, 1305; 1999, 375; 2005, 856)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4211 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4211 - When bank gives value for purposes of holder in due course.

For purposes of determining its status as a holder in due course, a bank has given value to the extent that it has a security interest in an item if the bank otherwise complies with the requirements of NRS 104.3302 on what constitutes a holder in due course.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 846; A 1993, 1306)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4212 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4212 - Presentment by notice of item not payable by, through or at bank; liability of drawer or endorser.

  1. Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through or at a bank by sending to the party to accept or pay a record providing notice that the bank holds the item for acceptance or payment. The notice must be sent in time to be received on or before the day when presentment is due and the bank must meet any requirement of the party to accept or pay under NRS 104.3501 by the close of the bank’s next banking day after it knows of the requirement.  2. If presentment is made by notice and payment, acceptance or request for compliance with a requirement under NRS 104.3501 is not received by the close of business on the day after maturity or in the case of demand items by the close of business on the third banking day after notice was sent, the presenting bank may treat the item as dishonored and charge any drawer or endorser by sending him or her notice of the facts.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 846; A 1993, 1306; 2005, 2007)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4213 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4213 - Medium and time of settlement by bank.

  1. With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Federal Reserve regulations or circulars, clearinghouse rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of such prescription:  (a) The medium of settlement is cash or credit to an account in a Federal Reserve bank of or specified by the person to receive settlement; and  (b) The time of settlement is:  (1) With respect to tender of settlement by cash, a cashier’s check or teller’s check, when the cash or check is sent or delivered;  (2) With respect to tender of settlement by credit in an account in a Federal Reserve bank, when the credit is made;  (3) With respect to tender of settlement by a credit or debit to an account in a bank, when the credit or debit is made or, in the case of tender of settlement by authority to charge an account, when the authority is sent or delivered; or  (4) With respect to tender of settlement by a funds transfer, when payment is made pursuant to subsection 1 of NRS 104A.4406, to the person receiving settlement.  2. If the tender of settlement is not by a medium authorized by subsection 1 or the time of settlement is not fixed by subsection 1, no settlement occurs until the tender of settlement is accepted by the person receiving settlement.  3. If settlement for an item is made by cashier’s check or teller’s check and the person receiving settlement, before its midnight deadline:  (a) Presents or forwards the check for collection, settlement is final when the check is finally paid; or  (b) Fails to present or forward the check for collection, settlement is final at the midnight deadline of the person receiving settlement.  4. If settlement for an item is made by giving authority to charge the account of the bank giving settlement in the bank receiving settlement, settlement is final when the charge is made by the bank receiving settlement if there are funds available in the account for the amount of the item.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 846; A 1991, 412; 1993, 1306)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4214 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4214 - Right of charge-back or refund; liability of collecting bank; return of item.

  1. If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive a settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, charge back the amount of any credit given for the item to its customer’s account, or obtain refund from its customer, whether or not it is able to return the item, if by its midnight deadline or within a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts it returns the item or sends notification of the facts. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank’s midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit, or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay. These rights to revoke, charge back and obtain refund terminate if and when a settlement for the item received by the bank is or becomes final.  2. A collecting bank returns an item when it is sent or delivered to the bank’s customer or transferor or pursuant to its instructions.  3. A depositary bank that is also the payor may charge back the amount of an item to its customer’s account or obtain refund in accordance with the section governing return of an item received by a payor bank for credit on its books (NRS 104.4301).  4. The right to charge back is not affected by:  (a) Previous use of the credit given for the item; or  (b) Failure by any bank to exercise ordinary care with respect to the item but a bank so failing remains liable.  5. A failure to charge back or claim refund does not affect other rights of the bank against the customer or any other party.  6. If credit is given in dollars as the equivalent of the value of an item payable in foreign money, the dollar amount of any charge back or refund must be calculated on the basis of the bank-offered spot rate for the foreign money prevailing on the day when the person entitled to the charge back or refund learns that it will not receive payment in ordinary course. If the return or notice is delayed beyond the bank’s midnight deadline or a longer reasonable time after it learns the facts, the bank may revoke the settlement, charge back the credit, or obtain refund from its customer, but it is liable for any loss resulting from the delay.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 847; A 1967, 117; 1985, 18; 1993, 1308)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4215 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4215 - Final payment of item by payor bank; when provisional debits and credits become final; when certain credits become available for withdrawal.

  1. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 104.3418, an item is finally paid by a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following:  (a) Paid the item in cash;  (b) Settled for the item without having a right to revoke settlement under statute, clearinghouse rule, or agreement; or  (c) Made a provisional settlement for the item and failed to revoke the settlement in the time and manner permitted by statute, clearinghouse rule, or agreement.  2. If provisional settlement for an item does not become final, the item is not finally paid.  3. If provisional settlement for an item between the presenting and payor banks is made through a clearing house or by debits or credits in an account between them, then to the extent that provisional debits or credits for the item are entered in accounts between the presenting and payor banks or between the presenting and successive prior collecting banks seriatim, they become final upon final payment of the item by the payor bank.  4. If a collecting bank receives a settlement for an item which is or becomes final, the bank is accountable to its customer for the amount of the item and any provisional credit given for the item in an account with its customer becomes final.  5. Subject to applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and any right of the bank to apply the credit to an obligation of the customer, credit given by a bank for an item in an account with its customer becomes available for withdrawal as of right:  (a) If the bank has received a provisional settlement for the item, when the settlement becomes final and the bank has had a reasonable time to receive return of the item and the item has not been received within that time;  (b) If the bank is both a depositary bank and a payor bank and the item is finally paid, at the opening of the bank’s second banking day following receipt of the item.  6. Subject to applicable law stating a time for availability of funds and any right of the bank to apply the deposit to an obligation of the customer, the deposit becomes available for withdrawal as of right at the opening of the bank’s next banking day after receipt of the deposit.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 848; A 1993, 1309)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4216 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4216 - Insolvency and preference.

  1. If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends payment and the item has not been finally paid the item must be returned by the receiver, trustee or agent in charge of the closed bank to the presenting bank or the closed bank’s customer.  2. If a payor bank finally pays an item and suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer or the presenting bank which settlement is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the payor bank.  3. If a payor bank gives or a collecting bank gives or receives a provisional settlement for an item and thereafter suspends payments, the suspension does not prevent or interfere with the settlement’s becoming final if the finality occurs automatically upon the lapse of certain time or the happening of certain events.  4. If a collecting bank receives from subsequent parties settlement for an item, the settlement is or becomes final, and the bank suspends payments without making a settlement for the item with its customer which is or becomes final, the owner of the item has a preferred claim against the collecting bank.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 848; A 1993, 1310)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4301 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4301 - Deferred posting; recovery of payment by return of items; time of dishonor; return of items by payor bank.

  1. If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise than for immediate payment over the counter before midnight of the banking day of receipt the payor bank may revoke the settlement and recover the settlement if, before it has made final payment and before its midnight deadline, it:  (a) Returns the item;  (b) Returns an image of the item, if the party to which the return is made has entered into an agreement to accept an image as a return of the item and the image is returned in accordance with that agreement; or  (c) Sends a record providing notice of dishonor or nonpayment if the item is unavailable for return.  2. If a demand item is received by a payor bank for credit on its books it may return the item or send notice of dishonor and may revoke any credit given or recover the amount thereof withdrawn by its customer, if it acts within the time limit and in the manner specified in subsection 1.  3. Unless previous notice of dishonor has been sent an item is dishonored at the time when for purposes of dishonor it is returned or notice sent in accordance with this section.  4. An item is returned:  (a) As to an item presented through a clearinghouse, when it is delivered to the presenting or last collecting bank or to the clearinghouse or is sent or delivered in accordance with clearinghouse rules; or  (b) In all other cases, when it is sent or delivered to the bank’s customer or transferor or pursuant to his or her instructions.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 849; A 1993, 1310; 2005, 2008)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4302 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4302 - Payor bank’s responsibility for late return of item.

  1. If an item is presented to and received by a payor bank, the bank is accountable for the amount of:  (a) A demand item, other than a documentary draft, whether properly payable or not, if the bank, in any case where it is not also the depositary bank, retains the item beyond midnight of the banking day of receipt without settling for it or, whether or not it is also the depositary bank, does not pay or return the item or send notice of dishonor until after its midnight deadline; or  (b) Any other properly payable item unless, within the time allowed for acceptance or payment of that item, the bank either accepts or pays the item or returns it and accompanying documents.  2. The liability of a payor bank to pay an item pursuant to subsection 1 is subject to defenses based on breach of a presentment warranty (NRS 104.4208) or proof that the person seeking enforcement of the liability presented or transferred the item for the purpose of defrauding the payor bank.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 849; A 1993, 1311)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4303 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4303 - When items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal process or setoff; order in which items may be charged or certified.

  1. Any knowledge, notice or stop-payment order received by, legal process served upon, or setoff exercised by a payor bank comes too late to terminate, suspend or modify the bank’s right or duty to pay an item or to charge its customer’s account for the item if the knowledge, notice, stop-payment order or legal process is received or served and a reasonable time for the bank to act thereon expires or the setoff is exercised after the earliest of the following:  (a) The bank accepts or certifies the item;  (b) The bank pays the item in cash;  (c) The bank settles for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearinghouse rule, or agreement;  (d) The bank becomes accountable for the amount of the item under NRS 104.4302 dealing with the payor bank’s responsibility for late return of items; or  (e) With respect to checks, a cutoff hour no earlier than 1 hour after the opening of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check and no later than the close of that next banking day or, if no cutoff hour is fixed, the close of the next banking day after the banking day on which the bank received the check.  2. Subject to the provisions of subsection 1 items may be accepted, paid, certified or charged to the indicated account of its customer in any order.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 850; A 1993, 1311)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4401 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4401 - When bank may charge customer’s account.

  1. A bank may charge against the account of a customer any item that is properly payable from that account even though the charge creates an overdraft. An item is properly payable if it is authorized by the customer and is in accordance with any agreement between the customer and bank.  2. A customer is not liable for the amount of an overdraft if the customer neither signed the item nor benefited from the proceeds of the item.  3. A bank may charge against the account of a customer a check that is otherwise properly payable from the account, even though payment was made before the date of the check, unless the customer has given notice to the bank of the postdating describing the check with reasonable certainty. The notice is effective for the period stated in subsection 2 of NRS 104.4403 for stop-payment orders, and must be received at such time and in such manner as to afford the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank takes any action with respect to the check described in NRS 104.4303. If a bank charges against the account of a customer a check before the date stated in the notice of postdating, the bank is liable for damages for the loss resulting from its act. The loss may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under NRS 104.4402.  4. A bank which in good faith makes payment to a holder may charge the indicated account of its customer according to:  (a) The original terms of the customer’s altered item; or  (b) The terms of the customer’s completed item, even though the bank knows the item has been completed unless the bank has notice that the completion was improper.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 850; A 1993, 1312)
NV Rev Stat § 104.4402 (2021)
2021 Nevada Revised Statutes|Chapter 104 - Uniform Commercial Code — Original Articles|NRS 104.4402 - Bank’s liability to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account.

  1. Except as otherwise provided in this article, a payor bank wrongfully dishonors an item if it dishonors an item that is properly payable, but a bank may dishonor an item that would create an overdraft unless it has agreed to pay the overdraft.  2. A payor bank is liable to its customer for damages proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor of an item. Liability is limited to actual damages proved and may include damages for an arrest or prosecution of the customer or other consequential damages. Whether any consequential damages are proximately caused by the wrongful dishonor is a question of fact to be determined in each case.  3. A payor bank’s determination of the customer’s account balance on which a decision to dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is based may be made at any time between the time the item is received by the payor bank and the time that the payor bank returns the item or gives notice in lieu of return, and no more than one determination need be made. If, at the election of the payor bank, a subsequent determination is made for the purpose of reevaluating the bank’s decision to dishonor the item, the account balance at that time is determinative of whether a dishonor for insufficiency of available funds is wrongful.  (Added to NRS by 1965, 851; A 1993, 1312)