reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 6.2-107 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 1 - Definitions and General Provisions|§ 6.2-107. Effect of contract provision requiring amendment or waiver to be in writing

If any written contract to which a financial institution is a party contains a provision to the effect that no amendment or waiver of any terms or provisions thereof shall be valid unless such amendment or waiver is in writing, then any amendment or waiver of any terms or provisions of that contract by conduct, course of practice or dealing, or otherwise shall not apply to future rights and obligations under that contract unless it is in writing.2013, cc. 67, 142.
VA Code § 6.2-200 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 2 - Money and Currency|§ 6.2-200. Money of account

A. The money of account of the Commonwealth shall be the dollar, cent, and mill. All accounts by public officers shall be kept in accordance with such monetary units.B. No writing shall be invalid, nor shall the force of any account or entry be impaired, because a sum of money is expressed in other monetary units.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.50; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-201 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 2 - Money and Currency|§ 6.2-201. Ascertaining value in money of account for money expressed in foreign currency

A. In any suit for a sum of money expressed in any foreign currency or otherwise than in the money of account of the Commonwealth, the jury or the court shall ascertain the value in the money of account of the sum so expressed, including an appropriate allowance for the difference of exchange. The judgment or order may be for either the amount so ascertained, or for the amount of money so expressed, and the judgment or order shall be discharged by an amount so ascertained.B. In any such suit involving an instrument to which § 8.3A-107 is applicable, the provisions of that section shall apply.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.51; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-202 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 2 - Money and Currency|§ 6.2-202. Issuance of currency and related prohibited acts

A. No individual or entity, unless authorized by law, shall:1. Issue any note, bill, scrip, or other paper or thing with intent that the same be circulated as currency; or2. Otherwise deal, trade, or carry on business as a bank of circulation.B. All contracts made for forming any entity to engage in any activity prohibited by subsection A shall be void.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.52; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-203 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 2 - Money and Currency|§ 6.2-203. Contracts and securities from illegal currency dealing void; recovery of payments

A. All contracts and securities that originate from, or are made or obtained in whole or in part by means of any illegal currency dealing, trade, or business, shall be void.B. If any person pays any money or other valuable consideration on account of any contract or security originating from, or made or obtained in whole or in part by means of, any illegal currency dealing, trade, or business, such person or his representative or assignee may recover the amount or value of such payment from the person to whom, or to whose use, the payment was made, by bringing suit within one year after such payment.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.52; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-204 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 2 - Money and Currency|§ 6.2-204. Capital stock of certain entities vested in Commonwealth; proceedings to recover stock; liability

A. The capital stock of every entity formed to engage in any activity prohibited by subsection A of § 6.2-202, whether paid up or merely subscribed, shall belong to the Commonwealth. The Attorney General, whenever informed of the existence of any such entity, shall institute a suit in the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond, for the purpose of recovering such capital stock. In such suit, all or any of the members of such entity, and any of its officers, agents, or managers, may be made defendants, and compelled to exhibit all their books and papers, and an account of everything necessary to enable the court to enter a proper order.B. No disclosure made by a defendant in such suit, and no book or paper exhibited by him in answer to the bill, or under the order of the court, shall be used as evidence against him in any case at law.C. Every member of any entity formed to engage in any activity prohibited by subsection A of § 6.2-202 who is made defendant in any such suit, shall be held liable to the Commonwealth for his proportion of the capital stock in such entity held by him, or for his use or benefit, at the institution of such suit, or at the time of the order. Such order against any defendant shall be a bar to a proceeding against him for any act done in violation of subsection A of § 6.2-202.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.52; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-300 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-300. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:"Bank" means any national bank, any bank organized under Chapter 8 (§ 6.2-800 et seq.), or any bank incorporated and organized under the laws of another state."Credit union" means any credit union organized under Chapter 13 (§ 6.2-1300 et seq.) or any credit union incorporated and organized under the laws of another state. "Credit union" shall not include any federal credit union."First deed of trust" or "first mortgage" includes all deeds of trust and mortgages, and amendments thereto, that are made by the same grantor or mortgagor, secure notes held by the same holder, convey substantially the same real estate, and are superior to all other deeds of trust or mortgages on the real estate."Grantor" or "mortgagor" includes an owner of real estate, and spouse, who has assumed responsibility for the obligation secured by a mortgage or deed of trust encumbering the real estate."Loan" means a loan or forbearance of money."Open-end credit" or "open-end credit plan" means consumer credit extended by a creditor under a plan in which: (i) the creditor reasonably contemplates repeated transactions; (ii) the creditor may impose a finance charge from time to time on an outstanding unpaid balance; and (iii) the amount of credit that may be extended to the consumer during the term of the plan, up to any limit set by the creditor, is generally made available to the extent that any outstanding balance is repaid."Savings institution" means any savings institution, as defined in § 6.2-1100, incorporated and organized under the laws of the United States, the Commonwealth, or another state."Subordinate mortgage or deed of trust" means a mortgage or deed of trust that is subject to a prior mortgage or deed of trust in existence at the time of the making of the loan secured by such subordinate mortgage or deed of trust.1987, c. 622, §§ 6.1-330.49, 6.1-330.69, 6.1-330.71; 1991, c. 157; 1996, c. 243; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-301 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-301. Legal rate of interest; when legal rate implied

A. The legal rate of interest shall be an annual rate of six percent.B. Except as provided in subsection (b) of § 8.3A-112 and § 6.2-302, the legal rate of interest shall be implied when there is an obligation to pay interest and no express contract to pay interest at a specified rate.C. The seller or provider of goods sold or services provided on an open account shall be entitled to, and may collect, interest at the legal rate upon the unpaid balance if (i) there exists no written agreement for closed-end credit under § 6.2-311 or open-end credit plan under § 6.2-312 and (ii) the purchaser or recipient of the goods or services fails to make payment in full within 60 days after mailing or presentation of a billing statement or invoice. Such interest shall begin to accrue on the day following such 60-day period.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.53; 1991, c. 375, § 6.1-330.77:1; 2004, c. 646; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-302 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-302. Judgment rate of interest

A. The judgment rate of interest shall be an annual rate of six percent, except that a money judgment entered in an action arising from a contract shall carry interest at the rate lawfully charged on such contract, or at six percent annually, whichever is higher.B. If the contract or other instrument does not fix an interest rate, the court shall apply the judgment rate of six percent to calculate prejudgment interest pursuant to § 8.01-382 and to calculate post-judgment interest.C. The rate of interest for a judgment shall be the judgment rate of interest in effect at the time of entry of the judgment on any amounts for which judgment is entered and shall not be affected by any subsequent changes to the rate of interest stated in this section.1987, cc. 622, 623, 630, § 6.1-330.54; 1991, c. 508; 2004, c. 646; 2005, c. 455; 2010, cc. 550, 794.
VA Code § 6.2-303 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-303. Contracts for more than legal rate of interest

A. Except as otherwise permitted by law, no contract shall be made for the payment of interest on a loan at a rate that exceeds 12 percent per year.B. Laws that permit payment of interest at a rate that exceeds 12 percent per year are set out, without limitation, in:1. Article 4 (§ 6.2-309 et seq.) of this chapter;2. Chapter 15 (§ 6.2-1500 et seq.), relating to powers of consumer finance companies;3. Chapter 18 (§ 6.2-1800 et seq.), relating to short-term loans;4. Chapter 22 (§ 6.2-2200 et seq.), relating to interest chargeable by motor vehicle title lenders;5. § 36-55.31, relating to loans by the Virginia Housing Development Authority;6. § 38.2-1806, relating to interest chargeable by insurance agents;7. Chapter 47 (§ 38.2-4700 et seq.) of Title 38.2, relating to interest chargeable by premium finance companies;8. § 54.1-4008, relating to interest chargeable by pawnbrokers; and9. § 58.1-3018, relating to interest and origination fees payable under third-party tax payment agreements.C. In the case of any loan upon which a person is not permitted to plead usury, interest and other charges may be imposed and collected as agreed by the parties.D. Any provision of this chapter that provides that a loan or extension of credit may be enforced as agreed in the contract of indebtedness, shall not be construed to preclude the charging or collecting of other loan fees and charges permitted by law, in addition to the stated interest rate. Such other loan fees and charges need not be included in the rate of interest stated in the contract of indebtedness.E. The provisions of subsection A shall apply to any person who seeks to evade its application by any device, subterfuge, or pretense whatsoever, including:1. The loan, forbearance, use, or sale of (i) credit, as guarantor, surety, endorser, comaker, or otherwise; (ii) money; (iii) goods; or (iv) things in action;2. The use of collateral or related sales or purchases of goods or services, or agreements to sell or purchase, whether real or pretended; receiving or charging compensation for goods or services, whether or not sold, delivered, or provided; and3. The real or pretended negotiation, arrangement, or procurement of a loan through any use or activity of a third person, whether real or fictitious.F. Any contract made in violation of this section is void and no person shall have the right to collect, receive, or retain any principal, interest, fees, or other charges in connection with the contract.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.55; 1997, c. 180; 2002, c. 897; 2010, cc. 477, 794; 2020, cc. 1215, 1258.
VA Code § 6.2-304 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-304. Plea of usury; judgment

Any borrower may plead in general terms that the contract on which the action is brought was for the payment of interest greater than is allowed by statute. If the court determines that the contract is usurious, judgment shall be rendered only for the principal sum.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.56; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-305 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-305. Recovery of twice total usurious interest paid; limitation of action; injunction to prevent sale of property pending action; effect of errors in computation

A. If interest in excess of that permitted by an applicable statute is paid upon any loan, the person paying may bring an action within two years from the first to occur of: (i) the date of the last scheduled loan payment or (ii) the date of payment of the loan in full, to recover from the person taking or receiving such payments:1. The total amount of the interest paid to such person in excess of that permitted by the applicable statute;2. Twice the total amount of interest paid to such person during the two years immediately preceding the date of the filing of the action; and3. Court costs and reasonable attorney fees.B. If the sale of property in which an interest has been conveyed to secure the payment of the debt is scheduled or anticipated, an injunction may be granted to prevent such sale pending the completion of an action brought pursuant to subsection A.C. Any creditor who proves that interest or other charges in excess of those permitted by law were imposed or collected as a result of a bona fide error in computation or similar mistake shall not be liable for the penalties prescribed in this section. In such event, the creditor shall only be liable to return to the borrower the amount of interest or other charges collected in excess of the amount permitted by applicable statute.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.57; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-306 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-306. Waiver of rights violative of public policy

A. Any agreement or contract in which the borrower waives the benefits of this chapter or releases any rights he may have acquired under this chapter shall be deemed to be against public policy and void.B. The provisions of subsection A shall not apply to a waiver of benefits or release of rights made subsequent to a loan as part of a settlement of potential or pending claims by a borrower involving such loan.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.58; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-307 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-307. Assertion of defenses or claims by borrowers; effect of assignment

As to any loan to which the provisions of §§ 6.2-327 and 6.2-328 are applicable, the borrower may assert any defense or claim he may have under §§ 6.2-304 and 6.2-305 against any assignee or transferee of the contract of indebtedness.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.59; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-308 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-308. Entities not permitted to plead usury

A. No (i) corporation, (ii) partnership that is required to file a certificate pursuant to Chapter 2.1 (§ 50-73.1 et seq.) of Title 50 or was required to file a certificate pursuant to former Chapter 2 (§ 50-44 et seq.) or Chapter 3 (§ 50-74 et seq.) of Title 50 or that is formed under laws other than those of the Commonwealth, (iii) limited liability company, (iv) business trust, or (v) joint venture organized for the purpose of holding, developing, and managing real estate for profit, shall, by way of defense or otherwise, avail itself of any of the provisions of this chapter or any other statutory or case law relating to usury or compounding of interest to avoid or defeat the payment of any interest or any other sum that it has contracted to pay.B. Nothing contained in this chapter or any other statutory or case law relating to usury or compounding of interest shall be construed to prevent the recovery of interest or any other sum that an entity described in subsection A has contracted to pay, regardless of whether it is more than the contract rate of interest and the fact appears on the face of the contract.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.76; 1988, c. 765; 1993, c. 113; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-309 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-309. Charges by banks and savings institutions on installment loans

Notwithstanding any statutory or case law, a bank or savings institution making a loan payable in installments may impose finance charges and other charges and fees at such rates and in such amounts and manner as the borrower has agreed.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.60; 1996, c. 242; 1997, c. 128; 1999, c. 610; 2001, c. 743; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-310 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-310. Rate of interest chargeable by state banks and savings institutions

In addition to the permissible interest rates and charges specifically granted to banks and savings institutions by this title, state banks and savings institutions may take, receive, reserve, and charge on any loan, any rate of interest, finance charge, or other loan charge permitted to any other lender under the laws of the Commonwealth, other than those rates or charges permitted to consumer finance companies under § 6.2-1520.1980, c. 336, § 6.1-5.3; 1981, c. 93, § 6.1-195.3:1; 1985, c. 425, § 6.1-194.6; 1987, c. 556; 1988, c. 2; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-313 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-313. Open-end credit extended by banks or savings institutions

A. Notwithstanding any statutory or case law, any bank or savings institution may impose finance charges and other charges and fees at such rates and in such amounts and manner as may be agreed by the borrower under an open-end credit plan.B. In the event of the extension of credit by a bank or savings institution hereunder to be effected by the use of a credit card for the purchase of merchandise or services, no finance charge shall be imposed upon the cardholder or borrower on such extension of credit if payment in full of the unpaid balance owing for all extensions of credit under the open-end credit plan is received at the place designated by the creditor prior to the payment due date, which shall be at least 25 days later than the billing date.1987, cc. 622, 639, 714, § 6.1-330.63; 1992, Sp. Sess., c. 4; 1997, c. 112; 2005, c. 670; 2010, c. 794; 2015, cc. 453, 454.
VA Code § 6.2-314 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-314. Motor vehicle purchase loans by subsidiaries and affiliates of banks and savings institutions

Notwithstanding any statutory or case law, a subsidiary or affiliate of a bank or savings institution that is not a licensee under the provisions of Chapter 15 (§ 6.2-1500 et seq.) may impose finance charges and other charges and fees at such rates and in such amounts and manner as the borrower has agreed on loans payable in installments for the purpose of financing the purchase of a motor vehicle.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.60; 1996, c. 242; 1997, c. 128; 1999, c. 610; 2001, c. 743; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-315 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-315. Loans by certain financial institutions or brokers payable on demand or having a term up to one year

Any bank, savings institution, broker duly licensed to transact business as a stockbroker, or broker-dealer registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, may loan money or discount bonds, bills, notes or other paper, whether payable on demand or for periods up to one year. Such a loan or discounting may be lawfully enforced as agreed in the contract of indebtedness. An interest rate charged in advance upon the entire amount of the loan or discount shall be lawful.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.62; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-316 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-316. Loans of $5,000 or more made by certain financial institutions

No person shall, by way of defense or otherwise, avail himself of the provisions of this chapter or any other section relating to usury to avoid or defeat the payment of interest, or any other sum, upon a loan made to a person by a bank, savings institution, industrial loan association, or credit union, if the initial principal amount of the loan is $5,000 or more.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.61; 2010, c. 794.
VA Code § 6.2-317 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 6.2 - Financial Institutions and Services|Chapter 3 - Interest and Usury|§ 6.2-317. Loans of $5,000 or more for business or investment purposes

A. For purposes of this section:1. A loan shall be deemed to be for business or investment purposes if it is not for personal, family, or household purposes; and2. Personal, family, or household purposes do not include a passive or active investment.B. No person shall, by way of defense or otherwise, avail himself of the provisions of this chapter, or any other statutory or case law relating to usury or compounding of interest, to avoid or defeat the payment of interest, or any other sum, in connection with a loan made to a person for business or investment purposes, if the initial amount of the loan is $5,000 or more.1987, c. 622, § 6.1-330.75; 2010, c. 794.