reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-41 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-41 - Construction and maintenance; draws; land under water belonging to state

48:12-41. Construction and maintenance; draws; land under water belonging to state  Any railroad company may build and maintain over such streams as its roads may cross, such piers and bridges as it may deem expedient, and may build viaducts over or tunnels under any navigable or other river, stream or bay which the railroad may cross. Except as hereinafter otherwise provided, every such bridge or viaduct shall have a pivot draw with 2 openings, each of no less width than the widest opening of any viaduct or bridge now built over any such river, stream or bay, at right angles to the main channel, located at a point convenient for navigation. No such company shall take any land under water belonging to this State without first obtaining the consent of the Department of Conservation and Economic Development, unless such land is at least 25 feet under the bed of the water. The department may convey the same on receiving the compensation it may fix. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 112.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-42 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-42 - Draws; lights and attendants; penalty for neglect

48:12-42. Draws; lights and attendants; penalty for neglect  When such river, stream or bay is navigable, the company shall, for the safety of persons navigating the same, maintain a red light at each outer side and a white light at each inner side of said draws, which shall be kept lighted between sunset and daylight. The company shall also keep a suitable person at each bridge or viaduct to open the draws for the free passage of all vessels with standing masts or pipes. For each neglect to keep such light and to open the draws when necessary, the company shall forfeit one hundred dollars, to be recovered with costs in any court having jurisdiction thereof by any person suing for the same within six months after the time of such neglect.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-43 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-43 - Bridge over shallow tidal waters; necessity of draw; determination of department of conservation and economic development

48:12-43. Bridge over shallow tidal waters; necessity of draw; determination of department of conservation and economic development  Where a railroad is constructed across a stream where the tide ebbs and flows and by reason of the narrowness of the stream or shallowness of water it is unnecessary or impracticable to construct a pivot draw with 2 openings or any draw, the company may apply to the Department of Conservation and Economic Development, who shall, after personal inspection and due inquiry, determine what character of bridge is proper and whether any drawbridge is necessary and if so, the character and dimensions thereof and how the same shall be maintained, considering the extent and importance both of the navigation of the stream and of the public travel over the railroad. The determination of the department shall be filed by it with the clerk of the county or counties in which the bridge lies and shall bind the company. A compliance with this determination by the company shall be a full performance of its duties and obligations with respect to the bridge. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 113.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-44 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-44 - Bridges over Delaware river; condemnation; taking lands of state

48:12-44. Bridges over Delaware river; condemnation; taking lands of state  Where the line of any railroad company of this State is constructed to the Delaware river, such company may extend such line, with as many tracks as it shall deem necessary, by means of a bridge and its approaches, to the middle of the river and connect the same with any railroad of an adjoining State and may change the location of its line or make such other improvements therein as may be necessary or convenient for this purpose. The company may acquire by condemnation such lands as may be necessary. The company may occupy so much of the land belonging to this State as shall be required for the bridge and the piers and abutments thereof and approaches thereto, upon payment to the Department of Conservation and Economic Development of such compensation as it shall fix. The department shall convey such lands in fee to the company upon receiving such payment. The company may retain that portion of the line which has been relocated if in its opinion the abandonment of the original line would be inconvenient or injurious to the interests of the public and the company. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 114.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-45 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-45 - Tunnel under interstate waters; manner of constructing; changing sewers

48:12-45. Tunnel under interstate waters; manner of constructing; changing sewers  Any railroad company organized under the laws of this State whose route lies in part under the bed of waters of an interstate river or other interstate waters may build its railroad under the same by tunnel. In approaching such river or waters the company may build its railroad in part by tunnel under lands and longitudinally or otherwise under streets and public places in municipalities and under railroads and rivers, and in part on or above the surface of the land. The company may construct and secure the foundations and other structures required for the construction, maintenance and operation of the road and may connect the road under the bed of the waters of the river with the railroad of any company organized under the laws of an adjoining State. The tunnel shall be so built and maintained as to make the surface of the ground above the same firm and safe for building and other erections thereon and shall be at such depths beneath the lands, rivers, railroads, streets and public places as not to interfere with the use thereof. The company may enter upon, purchase or acquire in the manner provided by law, such lands or rights and easements in lands along its said route, upon, over or beneath the surface of the land as shall be necessary for its purposes. The right of way beneath the streets and public places and the use thereof for the purpose of the railroad is hereby declared to be a public use consistent with and one of the uses for which the same are publicly held. Whenever it shall be necessary to alter the position of any public sewer or water pipe the same shall be done at the expense of such company under the direction of the public authorities having charge thereof. Any such company shall have 10 years from the date of its organization to open and complete one track of its road. Nothing in this section shall authorize the building of any railroad either upon or above the surface or by open cut longitudinally along any street of a city or town. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 115.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-46 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-46 - Duty to erect and maintain; liability

48:12-46. Duty to erect and maintain; liability  Every railroad company shall erect and maintain fences on the sides of its road of the height and strength of division fences required by law, with gates or barways at farm crossings. Every such company shall also construct and maintain cattle guards at road crossings sufficient to prevent cattle and other animals from getting on the railroad. Until such fences and guards are erected the company shall be liable for damages done by its trains to cattle or other animals straying on its railroad. Where such fences and guards have been duly erected and maintained the company shall not be liable for such damages unless negligently or willfully done. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 116.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-47 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-47 - Penalty for driving animals on tracks

48:12-47. Penalty for driving animals on tracks  Any person who shall ride, lead or drive any cattle, horses or other animals upon any railroad protected by fences and guards as required by section 48:12-46 of this title and within such fences and guards elsewhere than at farm crossings, without the consent of the company, shall, for every such offense, forfeit ten dollars and pay all damages sustained thereby to the company, to be recovered in an action at law.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-48 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-48 - Speed of trains through cities where fence, embankment or cut is maintained

48:12-48. Speed of trains through cities where fence, embankment or cut is maintained  Where any railroad company in any city shall maintain along its roadway where the same adjoins a public highway, a fence or embankment four feet high and sufficiently close and strong to prevent children and horses from going through the same, or where its tracks shall be laid in a cut at least four feet deep, and shall provide on each side of the track at any highway crossing in such city a gate of like height and sufficiency, and cause the same to be closed at least half a minute before any train crosses such highway and until the train shall have passed by, the company may run its trains in said city over the portion of its railroad thus protected and over the portions not adjoining or crossing any highway at such rate of speed it deems proper. In the absence of such protection and safeguard the company shall be bound by lawful and reasonable municipal ordinances regulating the speed of its trains along streets.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-49 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-49 - Bridges and passages at street and road crossings; private ways and cattle guards

48:12-49. Bridges and passages at street and road crossings; private ways and cattle guards  Every railroad company owning, leasing or controlling any right of way for a railroad within this state shall construct and keep in repair good and sufficient bridges and passages over, under and across the railroad or right of way where any road, street or avenue now or hereafter laid, shall cross the same, so that public travel on the road is not impeded thereby. Said bridges and passages shall be of such width and character as shall be suitable to the locality in which they are situated. Where the railroad intersects the land of an individual the company shall provide and keep in repair suitable and convenient passageways over, under and across the railroad and construct and maintain suitable and proper cattle guards at all road crossings. This section shall not enlarge the duty imposed by its charter upon any railroad company incorporated by special act and whose railroad was constructed before the second day of April, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-50 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-50 - Piers to support bridges over streets or highways

48:12-50. Piers to support bridges over streets or highways  Where a railroad is constructed above the grade of any street or highway in any city or town by a bridge the company may erect piers for the support and safety of the bridge. The piers may be located at the outer edge of the street or highway so as not to encroach thereon and may extend thence into the sidewalk or place left therefor. From the land on each side of the street or highway, so much shall be added to the sidewalk and thrown open to public use for such purpose, as shall be occupied by the pier on that side.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-51 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-51 - Highways over or under railroad; condemnation of lands for embankment or cutting

48:12-51. Highways over or under railroad; condemnation of lands for embankment or cutting  When the tracks of a railroad company shall cross a highway, such highway may be carried under or over the tracks as may be found expedient. Where an embankment or cutting shall make a change in the line or route of the highway desirable with a view to a more easy ascent or descent or where more land is required to make an embankment or cutting in the highway in its approaches to the crossing to adapt it to the grade thereof, the company may acquire by purchase or condemnation, such additional land for the construction of the crossing of such new line or route or elevation as it may deem necessary. Such land, when so acquired, shall become a part of the highway in the same manner and by the same terms as the adjacent parts of the highway are held for highway purposes.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-52 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-52 - Failure to construct and maintain bridges and crossings; procedure by county or municipality

48:12-52. Failure to construct and maintain bridges and crossings; procedure by county or municipality  When a railroad company shall not properly construct and maintain the bridges or other crossings which cross, or are crossed by, highways, whenever the bridges or crossings were originally constructed by, or are owned by, the railroad company, the governing body of the county or municipality wherein such crossings are located may, within a reasonable time, after notice to the company, construct or repair such bridges or other crossings, and the cost thereof may be collected from the company whose duty it is to make such construction or repair, by action in a court of competent jurisdiction. In lieu of such construction or repair the county or municipality may proceed by suit in equity to compel the specific performance of the duties imposed by law upon the company with respect to the construction, maintenance and repair of such bridges and crossings. The court shall prescribe the crossing to be constructed or the repairs to be made. In order to enforce obedience to its decree or mandate, the court may restrain the exercise of any of the franchises of the company or adopt other remedies in accordance with the practice of the court. Amended by L.1983, c. 120, s. 1, eff. April 4, 1983.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-53 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-53 - Construction of tracks along city streets; elevated roads; contracts

48:12-53. Construction of tracks along city streets; elevated roads; contracts  The municipal authorities of any city except a city of the first class may permit any railroad company to lay and construct its tracks along and upon any street or highway or above the street or highway by means of an elevated structure and may contract with such company, fixing the terms and conditions as to maintenance of crossings, speed of trains and payment of consideration for such use and may do all things necessary to carry out such contract and any such contract made prior to March thirtieth, one thousand nine hundred and five, is hereby ratified and confirmed. No such railroad shall be constructed along or above any such street or highway until the company shall have acquired the right of the owners abutting thereon by agreement or condemnation proceedings.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-54 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-54 - Protections at grade crossings; group signals

48:12-54. Protections at grade crossings; group signals  Every company operating on a fixed track or tracks, freight or passenger trains or cars, shall provide protection to pedestrians and the traveling public at every crossing of its tracks by any public road. Such protection may be in the form of safety gates, flagmen, electric bell, electric signs or other recognized system of alarm or protection approved by the Board of Public Utility Commissioners. When several crossings lie so close together that an audible signal at one crossing may be sufficiently heard at others near it, such crossings may be protected by such device or signals as will sufficiently protect all crossings in the group. When on any line or part thereof all traffic is discontinued for any part of the night, no crossing guards need be operated while traffic is so discontinued. This section shall not apply to street car lines or tracks used principally for street car purposes. The provisions of this section shall be construed to be mandatory and shall be operative without order or direction of the board. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 118.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-55 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-55 - Compelling proper protection of grade crossing

48:12-55. Compelling proper protection of grade crossing  The Board of Public Utility Commissioners, upon its own initiative or upon the application of any municipality or citizen dissatisfied with the protection provided or the failure to provide any or sufficient protection at any crossing within such municipality or used by such citizen may by order compel proper compliance with section 48:12-54 of this Title. Such application shall be considered and acted upon in accordance with the board's rules of practice. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 119.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-56 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-56 - Enforcement; penalty; construction

48:12-56. Enforcement; penalty; construction  The provisions of sections 48:12-54 and 48:12-55 of this title shall be enforced by the board of public utility commissioners in the manner provided by chapter 2 of this title (s. 48:2-1 et seq.). Violation of the provisions of sections 48:12-54 or 48:12-55 of this title shall be subject to the penalties provided in sections 48:2-49 to 48:2-51 of this title. Nothing in sections 48:12-54 and 48:12-55 of this title shall be construed to affect the provisions of sections 48:12-61 to 48:12-67 of this title. Nothing in sections 48:12-54 and 48:12-55 of this title shall nullify the power of the board to compel protection at other crossings at grade.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-57.1 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-57.1 - Pilot demonstration program for supplementary safety measures.

48:12-57.1 Pilot demonstration program for supplementary safety measures.  2. The Commissioner of Transportation may immediately proceed with a pilot demonstration program implementing the use of potential supplementary safety measures, in anticipation of the adoption of federal regulations establishing supplementary safety measures, for the purpose of studying the effectiveness of such measures at a limited number of grade crossings within the State, not to exceed 10 in total. The study, conducted pursuant to the pilot demonstration program, shall consider traffic and operational data, accident information, quality of life considerations, and overall safety at the selected grade crossings. The pilot demonstration program shall be carried out in consultation with the Federal Railroad Administration and the freight and passenger railroads selected for the program. The grade crossings selected for the pilot demonstration program shall be at the discretion of the Commissioner of Transportation. L.1999,c.430,s.2.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-58 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-58 - Warning signs at grade crossings

48:12-58. Warning signs at grade crossings  Every railroad company shall install and maintain at each highway crossing at grade a conspicuous sign with such inscription and of such standard and design as shall be approved by the Board of Public Utility Commissioners, so as to be easily seen by travelers. Amended by L.1962, c. 198, s. 121.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-58.1 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-58.1 - Abandonment of line and grade crossings; notice; substitution of abandoned grade crossing sign for warning sign

48:12-58.1. Abandonment of line and grade crossings; notice; substitution of abandoned grade crossing sign for warning sign  Whenever a railroad company has discontinued or discontinues all traffic on any line or part thereof, and has abandoned or abandons the use of such line and the grade crossings thereon, said company shall notify the Board of Public Utility Commissioners and the Director of the Division of Motor Vehicles of its action. The Board of Public Utility Commissioners shall order the removal of the warning sign erected by the railroad in accordance with R.S. 48:12-58 and the installation in its place of a sign of such standard and design as shall be approved by the board, with the inscription "Abandoned Grade Crossing." When the railroad track has been removed or paved over at an abandoned grade crossing, no sign shall be required. L.1971, c. 393, s. 2, eff. Jan. 7, 1972.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-59 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-59 - Protection of electrified third rail at grade crossings

48:12-59. Protection of electrified third rail at grade crossings  Any company operating a railroad in this state on which the cars are operated by electric current by means of a third rail at or near grade, shall securely cover said rail with wood or other nonconducting material for seventy-five feet on each side of all grade crossings, leaving only sufficient opening for contact by the shoe or other apparatus used to convey the electric current from said rail to the cars.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-60 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-60 - Failure to protect electrified third rail; penalty; negligence per se

48:12-60. Failure to protect electrified third rail; penalty; negligence per se  Any company violating section 48:12-59 of this title shall be subject to a penalty of five hundred dollars and costs for each offense, to be recovered by any citizen of this state who may sue for the same in any court of competent jurisdiction. One-fifth of the fine shall go to the person suing for the same and four-fifths to the state treasurer for the use of the state. In all suits or actions for injuries sustained by contact with an electrified third rail it shall be considered per se negligence on the part of the company defendant if the third rail is not protected in the manner provided in said section 48:12-59.
NJ Rev Stat § 48:12-61 (2021)
2021 New Jersey Revised Statutes|Title 48 - Public Utilities|Section 48:12-61 - Authority of board of public utility commissioners; manner of elimination

48:12-61. Authority of board of public utility commissioners; manner of elimination  Whenever a public highway, other than a state highway and the tracks of a railroad, or of more than one railroad whose rights of way adjoin or are in such close proximity to each other as to be necessarily involved in one elimination project, cross each other at the same level, and it shall appear to the board of public utility commissioners that such crossing is or such crossings are dangerous to public safety or that public travel on such highway is impeded thereby, the board may order the company or companies operating the railroad or railroads, within such time as the board may fix, to alter such crossing or crossings, according to plans to be approved by the board. Such alterations may be made: a. By substituting a crossing or crossings not at grade by carrying the highway under or over the railroad or railroads or by reconstructing the railroad or railroads under or over the highway; or b. By vacating, relocating or changing the lines, width, direction or location of the highway and the opening of a new highway in the place of the one vacated; or c. Where, in the judgment of the board, the owners of public or private property will be unduly injured by the elimination of the crossings, by relocating the tracks of the railroad or railroads.