reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 125 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 125. Recording of instrument of defeasance

 When a deed purports to be an absolute conveyance in terms, but is made or intended to be made defeasible by force of a deed of defeasance or other instrument for that purpose, the original conveyance shall not be thereby defeated or affected as against any person other than the maker of the defeasance, or his heirs or devisees, of persons having actual notice thereof, unless the instrument of defeasance is recorded in the office of the recorder of deeds.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 126 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 126. Recording of assignment of mortgage

 The recording of the assignment of a mortgage shall not in itself be deemed notice of such assignment to the mortgagor, his heirs or personal representatives, so as to invalidate any payment made by them or either of them to the mortgagee.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 127 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 127. Recording of discharge of mortgage

 (a) A mortgage may be discharged upon the record thereof by the recorder in whose custody it shall be whenever there shall be presented to him a certificate executed by the mortgagee, his personal representatives or assigns, acknowledged or proved and certified as prescribed in chapter 3 of this title to entitle a conveyance to be recorded, specifying that the mortgage has been paid or otherwise satisfied or discharged. (b) Every such certificate and the proof or acknowledgment thereof shall be recorded at full length, and a reference shall be made to the book and page containing such record in the minute of the discharge of such mortgage made by the recorder upon the record thereof.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 128 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 128. Penalty for neglect or refusal to discharge mortgage

 If any mortgagee or his personal representative or assignee, as the case may be, after full performance of the condition of the mortgage, whether before or after a breach thereof, for the space of ten days after being thereto requested in writing, and after tender of his reasonable charges, refuses or neglects to execute and acknowledge a certificate of discharge or release thereof, he shall be liable to the mortgagor, his heirs or assigns, in a sum of not to exceed one hundred dollars damages, and also for actual damages occasioned by such neglect or refusal, to be recovered in an action.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 129 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 129. Recording of power to convey and contracts for sale or purchase

 Every letter of attorney or other instrument containing a power to convey lands as agent or attorney for the owner of such lands, and every executory contract for the sale or purchase of lands when acknowledged or proved in the manner prescribed in this title for the acknowledgment or proof of conveyances, may be recorded in the recorder's office.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 130 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 130. Recording of notices of pending actions and judgments

 Notices of pending actions affecting title to real estate, and judgments of courts in the Virgin Islands requiring the execution of a conveyance of real estate within the Virgin Islands, shall be entitled to be recorded in the office of the recorder in like manner and with like effect as conveyances of land duly acknowledged, proved, or certified.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 131 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 131. Conveyances under prior laws

 (a) All conveyances of real property heretofore made and acknowledged or proved in accordance with the laws of the Virgin Islands in force at the time of such making and acknowledgment or proof shall be recorded in the same manner and with like effect as conveyances executed and acknowledged in pursuance of the provisions of this title. (b) All deeds to real property heretofore executed in accordance with the laws in force at the time of execution which shall have been signed by the grantors in due form shall be sufficient in law to convey the legal title to the premises therein described from the grantors to the grantees without any other execution or acknowledgment whatever; and such deeds so executed shall be evidence of the title to the lands therein described against the grantors, their heirs and assigns.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 132 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 132. Admissibility in evidence of documents and records thereof

 (a) Documents acknowledged or proved or certified as provided in sections 122, 129, and 131 of this title shall be admissible in evidence in any court in the Virgin Islands without further proof thereof. (b) The record of any document in the office of the recorder of deeds, or a copy of such record, shall be admissible in evidence in any court in the Virgin Islands as provided in sections 932(17), 932(19), 952, and 954 of Title 5.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 134 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 7 - Recording of Instruments|§ 134. Exemptions from recording fees

 (a) The following documents are exempt from recording fees— (1) evidences of indebtedness in the case of loans by the Farm Security Administration and/or the United States Government acting through its agencies; and (2) all written instruments concerning or in any way connected with the Rural Electrification Project in St. Croix. (3) all written instruments conveying interests from or to the United States, or the Virgin Islands of the United States, or any instrumentality thereof; (4) all written instruments described above in subdivision (3) shall also be exempt from payment of fees for boundary attests by the Public Surveyor. (b) The Governor shall endorse on each instrument within subsection (a)(2) of this section a statement that it is free of recording fees by virtue of this section, and such endorsement shall be sufficient to authorize the recorder of deeds to accept the instrument for recording free of charge.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 151 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 8 - Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording|§ 151. Short title

 This chapter may be cited as the Virgin Islands Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 152 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 8 - Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording|§ 152. Definitions

 In this chapter: (1) “Document” means information that is: (A) inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and (B) eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the Recorder of Deeds. (2) “Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. (3) “Electronic document” means a document that is received by the [recorder] in an electronic form. (4) “Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol, or process attached to or logically associated with a document and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the document. (5) “Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity. (6) “Recorder” means the Office of the Recorder of Deeds in both the judicial division of St. Thomas and St. John and the judicial division of St. Croix in the Office of the Lieutenant Governor or successor office. (7) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 153 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 8 - Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording|§ 153. Validity of electronic documents

 (a) If a law requires, as a condition for recording, that a document be an original, be on paper or another tangible medium, or be in writing, the requirement is satisfied by an electronic document satisfying this chapter. (b) If a law requires, as a condition for recording, that a document be signed, the requirement is satisfied by an electronic signature. (c) A requirement that a document or a signature associated with a document be notarized, acknowledged, verified, witnessed, or made under oath is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform that act, and all other information required to be included, is attached to or logically associated with the document or signature. A physical or electronic image of a stamp, impression, or seal need not accompany an electronic signature.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 154 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 8 - Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording|§ 154. Recording of documents

 (a) In this section, “paper document means a document that is received by the Recorder in a form that is not electronic. (b) A Recorder: (1) who implements any of the functions listed in this section shall do so in compliance with standards established by the Lieutenant Governor (2) may receive, index, store, archive, and transmit electronic documents. (3) may provide for access to, and for search and retrieval of, documents and information by electronic means. (4) who accepts electronic documents for recording shall continue to accept paper documents as authorized by chapter 7 of this title and shall place entries for both types of documents in the same index. (5) may convert paper documents accepted for recording into electronic form. (6) may convert into electronic form information recorded before the [recorder] Recorder began to record electronic documents. (7) may accept electronically any fee or tax that the Recorder is authorized to collect. (8) may agree with other officials of a state or a political subdivision of a state, or of the United States, on procedures or processes to facilitate the electronic satisfaction of prior approvals and conditions precedent to recording and the electronic payment of fees and taxes.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 155 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 8 - Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording|§ 155. Administration and standards

 (a) The Lieutenant Governor shall adopt standards to implement this chapter. (b) To keep the standards and practices of Recorder in the Virgin Islands in harmony with the standards and practices of recording offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this chapter and to keep the technology used by Recorder in the Virgin Islands compatible with technology used by recording offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this chapter, the Lieutenant Governor, so far as is consistent with the purposes, policies, and provisions of this chapter, in adopting, amending, and repealing standards shall consider: (1) standards and practices of other jurisdictions; (2) the most recent standards promulgated by national standard-setting bodies, such as the Property Records Industry Association; (3) the views of interested persons and governmental officials and entities; (4) the needs of each district and available resources; and (5) standards requiring adequate information security protection to ensure that electronic documents are accurate, authentic, adequately preserved, and resistant to tampering.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 156 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 8 - Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording|§ 156. Uniformity of application and construction

 In applying and construing this chapter, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 157 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 8 - Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording|§ 157. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act

 This chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. Section 7001, et seq.) but does not modify, limit, or supersede Section 101(c) of that act (15 U.S.C. Section 7001(c)) or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 103(b) of that act (15 U.S.C. Section 7003(b)).
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 172 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 172. Insolvency

 (a) A debtor is insolvent if the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than all of the debtor's assets, at a fair valuation. (b) A debtor who is generally not paying debts as they become due is presumed to be insolvent. (c) A partnership is insolvent under subsection (a) if the sum of the partnership's debts is greater than the aggregate of all of the partnership's assets, at a fair valuation, and the sum of the excess of the value of each general partner's nonpartnership assets over the partner's nonpartnership debts. (d) Assets under this section do not include property that has been transferred, concealed, or removed with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under this chapter. (e) Debts under this section do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 173 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 173. Value

 (a) Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or another person. (b) For the purposes of sections 174(a)(2) and 175, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust, or security agreement. (c) A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 174 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 174. Transfers fraudulent as to present and future creditors

 (a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation: (1) with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor; or (2) without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor: (A) was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction; or (B) intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that he would incur, debts beyond his ability to pay as they became due. (b) In determining actual intent under subsection (a)(1), consideration may be given, among other factors, to whether: (1) the transfer or obligation was to an insider; (2) the debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer; (3) the transfer or obligation was disclosed or concealed; (4) before the transfer was made or obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit; (5) the transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets; (6) the debtor absconded; (7) the debtor removed or concealed assets; (8) the value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred; (9) the debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred; (10) the transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred; and (11) the debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lien or who transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 175 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 175. Transfers fraudulent as to present creditors

 (a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation. (b) A transfer made by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time, and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 176 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 176. When transfer is made or obligation is incurred

 For the purposes of this chapter: (1) a transfer is made: (A) with respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; and (B) with respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under this chapter that is superior to the interest of the transferee; (2) if applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in paragraph (1) and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under this chapter, the transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action; (3) if applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in paragraph (1), the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee; (4) a transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred; (5) an obligation is incurred: (A) if oral, when it becomes effective between the parties; or (B) if evidenced by writing, when the writing executed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 177 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 177. Remedies of creditors

 (a) In an action for relief against a transfer or obligation under this chapter a creditor, subject to the limitations in section 178, may obtain: (1) avoidance of the transfer or obligation to the extent necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim; (2) an attachment or other provisional remedy against the asset transferred or other property of the transferee in accordance with the procedure prescribed by title 5 Virgin Islands Code, chapter 25; (3) subject to applicable principles of equity and in accordance with applicable rules of civil procedure: (A) an injunction against further disposition by the debtor or a transferee, or both, of the asset transferred or of other property; (B) appointment of a receiver to take charge of the asset transferred or of other property of the transferee; or (C) any other relief the circumstances may require. (b) If a creditor has obtained a judgment on a claim against the debtor, the creditor, if the court so orders, may levy execution on the asset transferred or its proceeds.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 178 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 178. Defenses, liability, and protection of transferee

 (a) A transfer or obligation is not voidable under section 174(a)(1) against a person who took in good faith and for a reasonably equivalent value or against any subsequent transferee or obligee. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to the extent a transfer is voidable in an action by a creditor under section 177(a)(1), the creditor may recover judgment for the value of the asset transferred, as adjusted under subsection (c), or the amount necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim, whichever is less. The judgment may be entered against: (1) the first transferee of the asset or the person for whose benefit the transfer was made; or (2) any subsequent transferee other than a good-faith transferee or obligee who took for value or from any subsequent transferee or oblige. (c) If the judgment under subsection (b) is based upon the value of the asset transferred, the judgment must be for an amount equal to the value of the asset at the time of the transfer, subject to adjustment as the equities may require. (d) Notwithstanding voidability of a transfer or an obligation under this chapter, a good-faith transferee or obligee is entitled, to the extent of the value given the debtor for the transfer or obligation, to: (1) a lien on or a right to retain any interest in the asset transferred; (2) enforcement of any obligation incurred; or (3) a reduction in the amount of the liability on the judgment. (e) A transfer is not voidable under section 174(a)(2) or section 175 if the transfer results from: (1) termination of a lease upon default by the debtor when the termination is pursuant to the lease and applicable law; or (2) enforcement of a security interest in compliance with Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code. (f) A transfer is not voidable under section 175(b): (1) to the extent the insider gave new value to or for the benefit of the debtor after the transfer was made unless the new value was secured by a valid lien; (2) if made in the ordinary course of business or financial affairs of the debtor and the insider; or (3) if made pursuant to a good-faith effort to rehabilitate the debtor and the transfer secured present value given for that purpose as well as an antecedent debt of the debtor.
V.I. Code tit. 28, § 179 (2019)
2019 US Virgin Islands Code|Title 28 - Property|Chapter 9 - Virgin Islands Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|§ 179. Extinguishment cause of action

 A cause of action with respect to a fraudulent transfer or obligation under this chapter is extinguished unless action is brought: (a) under section 174(a)(1), within four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred or, if later, within one year after the transfer or obligation was or could reasonably have been discovered by the claimant; (b) under Section 174(a)(2) or 175(a), within four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred; or (c) under Section 175(b), within one year after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred.