reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NE Code § 13-826 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-826 - Pledge of state.

13-826.  Pledge of state.The State of Nebraska does hereby pledge to and agree with the holders of any bonds and with those persons who may enter into contracts with any joint entity or political subdivision under the Interlocal Cooperation Act that the state will not alter, impair, or limit the rights thereby vested until the bonds, together with applicable interest, are fully met and discharged and such contracts are fully performed. Nothing contained in the Interlocal Cooperation Act shall preclude such alteration, impairment, or limitation if and when adequate provisions are made by law for the protection of the holders of the bonds or persons entering into contracts with any joint entity or political subdivision. Each joint entity and political subdivision may include this pledge and undertaking for the state in such bonds or contracts.Source  Laws 1991, LB 731, § 26.
NE Code § 13-827 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-827 - Act, liberal construction.

13-827.  Act, liberal construction.The Interlocal Cooperation Act is necessary for the welfare of the state and its inhabitants and shall be construed liberally to effect its purposes.Source  Laws 1991, LB 731, § 27.
NE Code § 13-901 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-901 - Act, how cited.

13-901.  Act, how cited.Sections 13-901 to 13-928 shall be known and may be cited as the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 20, p. 634;   Laws 1984, LB 590, § 1;   Laws 1985, Second Spec. Sess., LB 14, § 1;   Laws 1987, LB 258, § 5;   R.S.Supp.,1987, § 23-2420;  Laws 2007, LB564, § 1;  Laws 2011, LB589, § 1. Annotations The Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act provides for interaction between that act and the Nebraska Hospital-Medical Liability Act. Jacobson v. Shresta, 21 Neb. App. 102, 838 N.W.2d 19 (2013).
NE Code § 13-904 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-904 - Governing body; powers.

13-904.  Governing body; powers.Authority is hereby conferred upon the governing body of any political subdivision to consider, ascertain, adjust, compromise, settle, determine, and allow any tort claim as defined in the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 3, p. 628;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2403;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1020.
NE Code § 13-906 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-906 - Civil suit; when permitted.

13-906.  Civil suit; when permitted.No suit shall be permitted under the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 unless the governing body of the political subdivision has made final disposition of the claim, except that if the governing body does not make final disposition of a claim within six months after it is filed, the claimant may, by notice in writing, withdraw the claim from consideration of the governing body and begin suit under such act and sections.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 5, p. 629;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2405;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1022. Annotations  Because compliance with the statutory time limits set forth in this section can be determined with precision, the doctrine of substantial compliance has no application. Geddes v. York County, 273 Neb. 271, 729 N.W.2d 661 (2007). In conjunction with section 25-2221 and section 49-801(13), a political subdivision has until the end of the last day of the 6-month period after a claimant has filed a tort claim upon which to make a final disposition of such claim. Geddes v. York County, 273 Neb. 271, 729 N.W.2d 661 (2007). The plain and ordinary meaning of the phrase "within six months" includes the last day of the 6-month time period. Geddes v. York County, 273 Neb. 271, 729 N.W.2d 661 (2007). The word "month" as used in this section means calendar month. Geddes v. York County, 273 Neb. 271, 729 N.W.2d 661 (2007). Because compliance with the statutory time limit can be determined with precision, the doctrine of substantial compliance has no application to this section. Big Crow v. City of Rushville, 266 Neb. 750, 669 N.W.2d 63 (2003). Noncompliance with this section must be pled as an affirmative defense. Big Crow v. City of Rushville, 266 Neb. 750, 669 N.W.2d 63 (2003). Absent any consideration of the statute of limitations, filing of a petition is substantial compliance with the terms of this section as to the withdrawal of a claim from consideration. Malzahn v. Transit Authority, 244 Neb. 425, 507 N.W.2d 289 (1993). Substantial compliance with this section is sufficient when a lack of precise compliance has caused no prejudice to the political subdivision. Big Crow v. City of Rushville, 11 Neb. App. 498, 654 N.W.2d 383 (2002).
NE Code § 13-907 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-907 - Jurisdiction; venue; procedure; appeal.

13-907.  Jurisdiction; venue; procedure; appeal.Jurisdiction, venue, procedure, and rights of appeal in all suits brought under the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 shall be determined in the same manner as if the suits involved private individuals, except that such suits shall be heard and determined by the appropriate court without a jury.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 6, p. 629;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2406;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1023. Annotations  In 1875, there was no right to a jury trial on any issue in a suit against the State or its political subdivisions because the common-law doctrine of sovereign immunity, and the related common-law doctrine of governmental immunity, operated to bar such suits at that time. Jacobson v. Shresta, 288 Neb. 615, 849 N.W.2d 515 (2014). The Legislature has the right to decide the terms under which it will waive its sovereign and governmental immunity for tort actions against the State or its political subdivisions. Because a jury trial is not one of the terms of the State’s waiver of governmental immunity under the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act, a party is not entitled to a jury trial on its claim that a defendant is not a political subdivision employee. Jacobson v. Shresta, 288 Neb. 615, 849 N.W.2d 515 (2014). Whether an employee of a political subdivision is acting within his scope of employment is not a question for the jury. Bohl v. Buffalo Cty., 251 Neb. 492, 557 N.W.2d 668 (1997). An action under the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act is tried to the court without a jury. Findings of fact by the trial court will not be overturned unless clearly wrong. Hume v. Otoe County, 212 Neb. 616, 324 N.W.2d 810 (1982); Buttner v. Omaha P. P. Dist., 193 Neb. 515, 227 N.W.2d 862 (1975). In a proceeding brought under the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act, the findings of fact by the trial court will not be overturned unless clearly wrong. Lee v. City of Omaha, 209 Neb. 345, 307 N.W.2d 800 (1981); Lindgren v. City of Gering, 206 Neb. 360, 292 N.W.2d 921 (1980); Daniels v. Andersen, 195 Neb. 95, 237 N.W.2d 397 (1975); Craig v. Gage County, 190 Neb. 320, 208 N.W.2d 82 (1973).
NE Code § 13-908 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-908 - Political subdivision; liability; no writ of execution; offer of settlement; effect.

13-908.  Political subdivision; liability; no writ of execution; offer of settlement; effect.Except as otherwise provided in the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act, in all suits brought under the act the political subdivision shall be liable in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual under like circumstances, except that no writ of execution shall issue against a political subdivision. Disposition of or offer to settle any claim made under the act shall not be competent evidence of liability of the political subdivision or any employee or the amount of damages.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 7, p. 629;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2407;   Laws 1991, LB 15, § 6.
NE Code § 13-909 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-909 - Final judgment; effect.

13-909.  Final judgment; effect.Final judgment in any suit under the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 shall constitute a complete bar to any action by the claimant, by reason of the same subject matter, against the employee of the political subdivision whose act or omission gave rise to the claim, but this section shall not apply if the court rules that the claim is not permitted under such act and sections.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 8, p. 629;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2408;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1024. Annotations Dismissal of claim against employee was correct after final judgment in suit under this act. Craig v. Gage County, 190 Neb. 320, 208 N.W.2d 82 (1973).
NE Code § 13-913 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-913 - Defective bridge or highway; legislative intent.

13-913.  Defective bridge or highway; legislative intent.In enacting section 13-912, it is the intent of the Legislature that the liability of all political subdivisions based on the alleged insufficiency or want of repair of any highway or bridge or other public thoroughfare shall be the same liability that previously has been imposed upon counties pursuant to section 13-912. The Legislature further declares that judicial interpretations of section 13-912 governing the liability of counties on January 1, 1970, also shall be controlling on the liability of all political subdivisions for the alleged insufficiency or want of repair of any highway or bridge or other public thoroughfare. Notwithstanding other provisions of the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610, sections 13-912 to 13-914 shall be the only sections governing determination of liability of political subdivisions for the alleged insufficiency or want of repair of highways, or bridges or other public thoroughfares. As used in sections 13-912 and 13-913, public thoroughfares shall include all streets, alleys, and roads designed, intended, and primarily used for the movement of vehicular traffic and dedicated to public use.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 11, p. 631;   Laws 1983, LB 10, § 2;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2411;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1027. Annotations  County held liable for damages caused by insufficient bridge railing. Millman v. County of Butler, 244 Neb. 125, 504 N.W.2d 820 (1993). Even assuming the city had a general duty to use ordinary care in treating its streets for icy conditions, dismissal of the plaintiff's petition was affirmed where the evidence of the city's negligence was insufficient. Hendrickson v. City of Kearney, 210 Neb. 8, 312 N.W.2d 677 (1981). The duty to use reasonable and ordinary care in the construction, maintenance, and repair of highways and bridges so that they will be reasonably safe for the traveler using them while in the exercise of reasonable and ordinary prudence has now been imposed under both the State Tort Claims Act and the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act. Hendrickson v. City of Kearney, 210 Neb. 8, 312 N.W.2d 677 (1981). The liability of all political subdivisions based on the alleged insufficiency or want of repair of any public thoroughfare is to be determined by the provisions of sections 23-2410 and 23-2411, R.R.S.1943, and judicial interpretations governing the liability of counties under the statute in effect prior to the enactment of the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act. Christensen v. City of Tekamah, 201 Neb. 344, 268 N.W.2d 93 (1978).
NE Code § 13-914 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-914 - Defective bridge or highway; compliance with standards; effect.

13-914.  Defective bridge or highway; compliance with standards; effect.For purposes of sections 13-912 and 13-913, no minimum maintenance road or highway shall be deemed to be in want of repair or insufficient if it complies with the standards and level of minimum maintenance developed pursuant to section 39-2113.Source   Laws 1983, LB 10, § 7;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2411.01.
NE Code § 13-915 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-915 - Suit for alleged defect in construction or maintenance; defense.

13-915.  Suit for alleged defect in construction or maintenance; defense.In any suit brought pursuant to the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 and based upon an alleged defect in the construction or maintenance of a sidewalk, public building, or other public facility, an affirmative showing that the claimant had actual knowledge of the alleged defect at the time of the occurrence of the injury, and that an alternate safe route was available and known to the claimant, shall constitute a defense to the suit.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 12, p. 631;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2412;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1028. Annotations  This section provides an affirmative defense to defendant and must be both pled and proved by defendant. Hill v. City of Lincoln, 249 Neb. 88, 541 N.W.2d 655 (1996). Defendant village is not liable for injuries suffered by plaintiff when she tripped and fell on a slight irregularity in the sidewalk, where there was no evidence that the village had received any complaint or notice of the condition of the sidewalk, and where the defect was clearly visible to the plaintiff. Doht v. Village of Walthill, 207 Neb. 377, 299 N.W.2d 177 (1980).
NE Code § 13-916 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-916 - Liability insurance; effect.

13-916.  Liability insurance; effect.The governing body of any political subdivision, including any school district, educational service unit, or community college, may purchase a policy of liability insurance insuring against all or any part of the liability which might be incurred under the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and also may purchase insurance covering those claims specifically excepted from the coverage of the act by section 13-910. Any independent or autonomous board or commission in the political subdivision having authority to disburse funds for a particular purpose of the subdivision without approval of the governing body also may procure liability insurance within the field of its operation. The procurement of insurance shall constitute a waiver of the defense of governmental immunity as to those exceptions listed in section 13-910 to the extent and only to the extent stated in such policy. The existence or lack of insurance shall not be material in the trial of any suit except to the extent necessary to establish any such waiver. Whenever a claim or suit against a political subdivision is covered by liability insurance or by group self-insurance provided by a risk management pool, the provisions of the insurance policy on defense and settlement or the provisions of the agreement forming the risk management pool and related documents providing for defense and settlement of claims covered under such group self-insurance shall be applicable notwithstanding any inconsistent provisions of the act.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 13, p. 631;   Laws 1972, LB 1177, § 1;   Laws 1987, LB 398, § 40;   R.S.Supp.,1987, § 23-2413;   Laws 1991, LB 15, § 7. Cross References  Risk management pool, defined, see section 44-4303.Annotations  Where a county's liability insurance policy did not cover the underlying event, there was no waiver of sovereign immunity regardless of the retained insurance limit. City of Lincoln v. County of Lancaster, 297 Neb. 256, 898 N.W.2d 374 (2017). Exception provided in this section does not, and was not intended to, bar actions based upon negligent destruction, injury, or loss of goods in possession of a political subdivision. Nash v. City of North Platte, 198 Neb. 623, 255 N.W.2d 52 (1977).
NE Code § 13-917 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-917 - Award; acceptance; effect.

13-917.  Award; acceptance; effect.Any award made pursuant to the authority granted by section 13-904 and accepted by the claimant and any final judgment in any suit brought pursuant to the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 shall be final and conclusive on all officers of the political subdivision, except when procured by means of fraud. The acceptance by the claimant of such award shall be final and conclusive on the claimant and shall constitute a complete release by the claimant of any claim against the political subdivision and against the employee whose act or omission gave rise to the claim, by reason of the same subject matter.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 14, p. 632;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2414;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1029.
NE Code § 13-918 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-918 - Awards; judgments; payment.

13-918.  Awards; judgments; payment.Any awards or judgments pursuant to the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 shall be paid in the same manner as other claims against the political subdivision. If insufficient funds are available to pay such awards or judgments the governing body shall include sufficient funds in the budget for the next fiscal year or biennial period. If constitutional or statutory provisions prevent any political subdivision from budgeting sufficient funds to pay any judgment in its entirety, the governing body shall pay that portion that can be paid under the constitution and laws and then shall make application to the State Treasurer for the loan of sufficient funds to pay the judgment in full. When application is made for such a loan, the State Treasurer shall make such investigation as he or she deems necessary to determine the validity of the judgment and the inability of the political subdivision to make full payment on the judgment, and the period of time during which the political subdivision will be able to repay the loan. After determining that such loan will be proper, the State Treasurer shall make the loan from funds available for investment in the state treasury, which loan shall carry an interest rate of one-half of one percent per annum. The State Treasurer shall determine the schedule for repayment, and the governing body of the political subdivision shall annually budget and levy a sufficient amount to meet this schedule until the loan, with interest, has been repaid in full.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 15, p. 632;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2415;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1030;  Laws 2000, LB 1116, § 9.
NE Code § 13-921 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-921 - Suit against employee; act or omission occurring prior to May 13, 1987; limitation of action.

13-921.  Suit against employee; act or omission occurring prior to May 13, 1987; limitation of action.After January 1, 1988, all suits against any employee of a political subdivision for money on account of damage to or loss of property or personal injury to or the death of any person caused by any negligent or wrongful act or omission of the employee while acting within the scope of his or her office or employment and occurring prior to May 13, 1987, shall be forever barred unless the party seeking recovery had, within one year after such claim accrued, submitted a claim in writing to the governing body of the political subdivision in accordance with section 13-905.Source   Laws 1987, LB 258, § 2;   R.S.Supp.,1987, § 23-2416.02. Annotations A negligence cause of action arising from acts of an employee of a political subdivision which occurred prior to May 13, 1987, is controlled by this section, for which no explicit statute of limitations is provided. Gatewood v. Powell, 1 Neb. App. 749, 511 N.W.2d 159 (1993).
NE Code § 13-922 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-922 - Suit against employee; recovery; limitation.

13-922.  Suit against employee; recovery; limitation.The total amount recoverable against any employee for claims filed pursuant to section 13-920 or 13-921 arising out of an occurrence after May 13, 1987, shall be limited to: (1) One million dollars for any person for any number of claims arising out of a single occurrence; and (2) five million dollars for all claims arising out of a single occurrence.Source   Laws 1987, LB 258, § 3;   R.S.Supp.,1987, § 23-2416.03.
NE Code § 13-923 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-923 - Remedies; exclusive.

13-923.  Remedies; exclusive.From and after January 1, 1970, the authority of any political subdivision to sue or be sued in its own name shall not be construed to authorize suits against such political subdivision on tort claims except as authorized in the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610. The remedies provided by such act and sections in such cases shall be exclusive.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 17, p. 634;   Laws 1978, LB 819, § 1;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2417;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1031.
NE Code § 13-924 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-924 - Act; applicability.

13-924.  Act; applicability.Nothing contained in the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 shall be deemed to repeal or restrict any provision of law authorizing any political subdivision to consider, ascertain, adjust, compromise, settle, determine, allow, or pay any claim other than a tort claim as defined in such act and sections.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 18, p. 634;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2418;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1032.
NE Code § 13-925 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-925 - Employee; action against; when.

13-925.  Employee; action against; when.Nothing in the Political Subdivisions Tort Claims Act and sections 16-727, 16-728, 23-175, 39-809, and 79-610 shall be construed to prevent a political subdivision from bringing an action for recovery from an employee of the political subdivision when the political subdivision has made payment of an award or settlement growing out of the employee's act or omission under such act and sections.Source   Laws 1969, c. 138, § 19, p. 634;   R.S.1943, (1983), § 23-2419;   Laws 1996, LB 900, § 1033.
NE Code § 13-927 (2021)
2021 Nebraska Revised Statutes|Chapter 13 - Cities, Counties, and Other Political Subdivisions|13-927 - Skatepark and bicycle motocross park; sign required; warning notice.

13-927.  Skatepark and bicycle motocross park; sign required; warning notice.(1) A political subdivision shall post and maintain a sign at each skatepark and bicycle motocross park sponsored by the political subdivision containing the following warning notice: Under Nebraska law, a political subdivision is not liable for an injury to or the death of a participant in recreational activities resulting from the inherent risks of the recreational activities pursuant to section 13-910.(2) The absence of a sign shall not give rise to liability on the part of the political subdivision.Source Laws 2007, LB564, § 3.