GA Code § 20-2-148 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 20 - Education|Chapter 2 - Elementary and Secondary Education|Article 6 - Quality Basic Education|Part 2 - Competencies and Core Curriculum|§ 20-2-148. Elective Course in History and Literature of the Old and New Testaments; Religious Neutrality

    All public schools with grade nine or above may make available to eligible students in grades nine through 12 an elective course:   In the History and Literature of the Old Testament Era;   In the History and Literature of the New Testament Era;   On the Hebrew Scriptures, Old Testament of the Bible;   On the New Testament of the Bible; and   On the Hebrew Scriptures and the New Testament of the Bible.     The purpose of such courses shall be to:   Teach students knowledge of biblical content, characters, poetry, and narratives that are prerequisites to understanding contemporary society and culture, including literature, art, music, mores, oratory, and public policy; and   Familiarize students with, as applicable:   The contents of the Hebrew Scriptures or New Testament;   The history of the Hebrew Scriptures or New Testament;   The literary style and structure of the Hebrew Scriptures or New Testament; and   The influence of the Hebrew Scriptures or New Testament on law, history, government, literature, art, music, customs, morals, values, and culture.       A student shall not be required to use a specific translation as the sole text of the Hebrew Scriptures or New Testament.       The State Board of Education shall adopt content standards for each course, including objectives and reading materials which are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this subsection.   The book or collection of books commonly known as the Old Testament shall be the basic text for the course in the History and Literature of the Old Testament Era, and the book or collection of books commonly known as the New Testament shall be the basic text for the course in the History and Literature of the New Testament Era. In addition, students may be assigned a range of reading materials for the courses, including selections from secular historical and cultural works and selections from other religious and cultural traditions. The content standards for the courses shall familiarize students with the customs and cultures of the times and places referred to in the Old and New Testaments. The content standards for the courses shall familiarize the students with the methods and tools of writing at the times the Old and New Testament books were written, the means by which they were preserved, the languages in which they were written and into which they were translated, and the historical and cultural events which led to the translation of the Old and New Testaments into the English language. The local board of education may recommend which version of the Old or New Testament may be used in the course; provided, however, that the teacher of the course shall not be required to adopt that recommendation but may use the recommended version or another version. No student shall be required to use one version as the sole text of the Old or New Testament. If a student desires to use as the basic text a different version of the Old or New Testament from that chosen by the local board of education or teacher, he or she shall be permitted to do so.   The courses provided for in this Code section shall:   Be taught in an objective and nondevotional manner with no attempt made to indoctrinate students as to either the truth or falsity of the biblical materials or texts from other religious or cultural traditions;   Not include teaching of religious doctrine or sectarian interpretation of the Bible or of texts from other religious or cultural traditions; and   Not disparage or encourage a commitment to a set of religious beliefs.       The provisions of this chapter relating to personnel employed by local units of administration, including without limitation certification requirements, employment, and supervision, shall apply to persons who teach the courses provided for in this Code section. In addition, no person shall be assigned to teach such courses based in whole or in part on any religious test, profession of faith or lack thereof, prior or present religious affiliation or lack of affiliation, or criteria involving particular beliefs or lack thereof about the Bible. Except for these requirements, the qualifications and training of teachers shall be determined by the local boards of education.   On and after July 1, 2007, for the purpose of earning Carnegie unit curriculum credits at the high school level, satisfactory completion of any of the courses described in subsection (a) of this Code section shall be accepted by the State Board of Education for one-half unit of elective credit; provided, however, that such courses are taught in strict compliance with the requirements of this Code section.   A local board of education may make such arrangements for monitoring the content and teaching of any of the courses described in subsection (a) of this Code section as it deems appropriate.   Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to limit the authority of a local board of education to offer courses regarding the Old Testament or the New Testament that are not in compliance with this Code section; provided, however, that no state funds distributed pursuant to this article shall be expended in connection with such a course that does not meet the requirements of this Code section.   Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to prohibit local boards of education from offering elective courses based upon the books of other religions or societies. In determining whether to offer such courses, the local board may consider various factors, including, but not limited to, student and parent demand for such courses and the impact such books have had upon history and culture.   A course offered under this Code section shall follow applicable law and all federal and state guidelines in maintaining religious neutrality and accommodating the diverse religious views, traditions, and perspectives of students in the school. A course under this Code section shall not endorse, favor, or promote, or disfavor or show hostility toward, any particular religion or nonreligious faith or religious perspective. The State Board of Education, in complying with this Code section, shall not violate any provision of the United States Constitution or federal law, the Georgia Constitution or any state law, or any administrative regulations of the United States Department of Education or the Georgia Department of Education.     (Code 1981, §20-2-148, enacted by Ga. L. 2006, p. 233, § 1/SB 79; Ga. L. 2019, p. 675, § 1/SB 83.)    The 2019 amendment,  effective July 1, 2019, rewrote subsection (a), which read: "All public schools with grade nine or above may make available to eligible students in grades nine through 12 an elective course in the History and Literature of the Old Testament Era and an elective course in the History and Literature of the New Testament Era. The purpose of such courses shall be to accommodate the rights and desires of those teachers and students who wish to teach and study the Old and New Testaments and to familiarize students with the contents of the Old and New Testaments, the history recorded by the Old and New Testaments, the literary style and structure of the Old and New Testaments, the customs and cultures of the peoples and societies recorded in the Old and New Testaments, and the influence of the Old and New Testaments upon law, history, government, literature, art, music, customs, morals, values, and culture."; rewrote paragraph (b)(1), which read: "No later than February 1, 2007, the State Board of Education shall adopt a curriculum for each course, including objectives, reading materials, and lesson plans, which has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of this subsection."; in paragraph (b)(2), inserted "content standards for the" at the beginning of the third and fourth sentences; rewrote subsections (d) and (e), which read: "(d) On and after July 1, 2007, for the purpose of earning Carnegie unit curriculum credits at the high school level, satisfactory completion of the course in the History and Literature of the Old Testament Era shall be accepted by the State Board of Education for one-half unit of elective credit, and satisfactory completion of the course in the History and Literature of the New Testament Era shall be accepted by the State Board of Education for one-half unit of elective credit; provided, however, that such courses are taught in strict compliance with the requirements of this Code section.   "(e) A local board of education may make such arrangements for monitoring the content and teaching of the course in the History and Literature of the Old Testament Era and the course in the History and Literature of the New Testament Era as it deems appropriate."; and added subsection (h).   Cross references.   - Religious freedom, U.S. Const., amend. I.   Religious opinions and freedom of religion, Ga. Const. 1983, Art. I, Sec. I, Para. IV.