reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40a - Airport Approach Regulations by Cities or Towns

Section 40A. Any city, except Boston, and any town, may by ordinance or by-law adopt, and may administer and enforce, in the manner and upon the conditions hereinafter prescribed, approach regulations relative to approaches to publicly owned airports, applicable to areas within such city or town, in this section and sections forty B to forty I, inclusive, called airport approach regulations. Such regulations may divide any such area into sections and may within each section regulate and restrict the height to which structures and trees may thereafter be erected or allowed to grow. Any such regulations may from time to time be amended or repealed. Such regulations and amendments thereto shall be effective when approved by the commission and the attorney general and recorded as hereinafter provided. Such regulations or any amendments thereto shall as soon as may be after adoption and approval be recorded in the registry of deeds of each county and district in which any portion of the land to which such regulations apply is located, and notice that such regulations or amendments have been adopted shall be sent by mail to the owner of every parcel of land to any portion of which such regulations or amendments are applicable. For the purposes of this provision the person to whom the land was assessed in the last preceding annual tax levy shall be deemed to be the owner thereof, and the notice shall be addressed in the same manner as the notice of such tax, unless a different owner or a different address is known to be the correct one. Such notice shall also be given by publishing, in a newspaper of general circulation, if any, in each city and town in which any portion of the land subject to the regulations is located, a map of the area subject to the regulations, with sufficient explanatory matter to give the public and the owners of land reasonable notice of the adoption of the regulations or amendments, or by posting such map and explanatory matter in one or more public places in each such city and town.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40b (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40b - Reasonableness of Airport Approach Regulations

Section 40B. All airport approach regulations adopted under this chapter shall be reasonable, and no such regulation shall require the removal or lowering, or other change or alteration, or prohibit the repair or replacement, of any structure or tree not conforming to the regulations when adopted or amended, or otherwise interfere with the continuance of any such non-conforming structure or tree, except as provided in section forty G.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40c (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40c - Adoption, Amendment or Repeal of Airport Approach Regulations; Public Hearing

Section 40C. In a city airport approach regulations may be adopted, amended or repealed only by action of the city council, and in a town only by vote of the town, at a meeting called for the purpose, and in either case only after a public hearing held by the city council of the city or the selectmen of the town, at which hearing all persons who might be affected in their property by the regulations, all inhabitants of the city or town, all persons liable to taxation therein and all inhabitants of adjoining cities and towns shall have an opportunity to be heard. At least fifteen days' notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation, if any, in the city or town. Airport approach regulations may be adopted by a city or town although the airport the approaches to which they are designed to protect is located in another city or town.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40d (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40d - Erection, Replacement or Alteration of Structures or Trees; Variance

Section 40D. (1) A city or town may by ordinance or by-law prohibit the erection of new structures or the replacement or substantial alteration of existing structures within the area to which airport approach regulations adopted under section forty A apply, without a permit from the administrative agency authorized to administer such regulations; but such a permit shall be issued as of right if the structure as erected or altered is in conformance with such regulations or will not constitute a greater hazard than the structure which is replaced or altered. No such permit shall be granted, except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, which would allow the structure or tree in question to be erected or allowed to grow to a greater height, or to become a greater hazard to air navigation, than when the applicable regulation was adopted.  (2) Any person desiring to erect or increase the height of any structure, or to permit the growth of any tree, in a manner not conforming to airport approach regulations adopted under section forty A, or to establish the right so to do, may apply to the administrative agency authorized to administer such regulations or, if there is no such agency, to the city council of the city or to the selectmen of the town, for a variance from the regulations applicable to his property. Such variances shall be allowed where a literal application or enforcement of such regulations would result in practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship and the relief granted would not be contrary to the public interest.  (3) In granting any permit or variance under this section to which the applicant is not entitled as of right, the administrative agency, city council or selectmen, as the case may be, may, if it deems such action advisable to effectuate the purposes of sections forty A to forty I, inclusive, and reasonable in the circumstances, so condition such permit or variance as to require the owner of the structure or tree in question to permit the city or town, at its own expense, to install, operate, and maintain suitable obstruction markers and obstruction lights thereon.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40e (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40e - Administrative Agency

Section 40E. Any city or town adopting airport approach regulations under section forty A may delegate the duty of administering and enforcing such regulations to any administrative agency under its jurisdiction, or may establish an administrative agency for the purpose. The duties of such administrative agency shall include that of hearing and deciding all applications for permits and variances under section forty D.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40f (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40f - Removal of Structures Erected in Violation of Regulations; Trees; Procedure

Section 40F. If any structure is erected in violation of any regulation adopted under section forty A, the administrative agency, city council or selectmen, as the case may be, having jurisdiction may direct the owner of said structure, at his own expense, to lower, remove, reconstruct or equip such structure in such manner as may be necessary to conform to such regulations. Notice of such order shall be sent by registered mail to the owner of the land upon which such structure stands, addressed in the same manner as the notice of his last preceding annual tax, unless a different owner or a different address is known by such agency, city council or selectmen, as the case may be, to be the correct one, and if such owner shall neglect or refuse to comply with such order for thirty days after the sending of the notice thereof, such agency, city council or selectmen, as the case may be, may proceed to cause such structure to be lowered, removed, reconstructed or equipped in accordance with its or their order. Such agency, city council or selectmen, as the case may be, shall certify the expense so incurred with respect to each parcel of land to the assessors of the city and town, and the assessors shall assess such expense upon the owners of said parcels respectively, such expense shall be included in their taxes and constitute a lien upon the land, and all provisions of law relating to the collection and the abatement of taxes and to interest thereon shall be applicable to such expense.  If any tree is allowed to grow in violation of any regulation adopted under section forty A, said administrative agency, city council or selectmen, as the case may be, may request the owner of said tree to cut down said tree or so much thereof as has grown in violation of such regulation; and if said owner neglects or refuses to comply with such request within sixty days after the same was given, such agency, city council or selectmen, as the case may be, may enter upon his land, doing as little damage as possible, and cut off so much of said tree as has grown in violation of such regulations. No part of the expense of such removal shall be charged to the owner of the tree.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40g (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40g - Protection of Airport Approaches; Removal of Structures and Trees; Compensation

Section 40G. (1) In any case in which, in the opinion of the city council of a city, or the selectmen of a town, in which the real estate hereinafter referred to is located, or owning the airport in question, the public interest requires the establishment of protection to the approaches of a publicly owned airport by the acquisition of certain real estate or rights in real estate in the vicinity of such airport rather than by airport approach regulations, such city or town may take by eminent domain under chapter seventy-nine or chapter eighty A, or acquire by purchase or otherwise, such air rights, easements or other estate or interest in such real estate as will provide adequate protection. A city or town which has acquired real estate or rights therein as aforesaid may from time to time in like manner take or otherwise acquire additional real estate or rights therein, or may discontinue in whole or in part rights already so acquired.  (2) Whenever airport approach regulations have been adopted or amended and the public safety and convenience require the removal or lowering of a structure or tree not conforming to such regulations, as adopted or amended, or require other interference with the continuance of any such non-conforming structure or tree, the city or town owning the airport to which such regulations relate may take by eminent domain under chapter seventy-nine or chapter eighty A, or acquire by purchase or otherwise, the land upon which such structure or tree stands, or such an air right, easement or other estate or interest therein, as may be necessary to effectuate any purpose of sections forty A to forty I, inclusive.  (3) If the adoption of airport approach regulations under section forty A in itself constitutes the taking of the property, or of rights in property, of any person, he may recover under said chapter seventy-nine compensation for such taking from the city or town in which the airport to which such regulations relate is situated, by petition filed in the superior court within two years from the time when such regulations were recorded as provided in said section forty A. If the owner of property so taken has applied for a variance under section forty D within one year after such regulations were so recorded and his application is in whole or in part denied, he may file his petition for damages within one year after the mailing to him of a notice of the denial of his application or within two years after the recording of the regulations, whichever period ends later. If the adoption and recording of airport approach regulations under section forty A is held to constitute a taking of property or of rights in property, such taking and the adoption of such regulations shall not be deemed to be invalid because the requirements of chapter seventy-nine with respect to the taking of property, notice thereof and the award of damages were not complied with.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40h (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40h - Appeal by Aggrieved Corporations

Section 40H. If any corporation subject to regulation by the department of public utilities or the department of telecommunications and cable is aggrieved by the adoption of airport approach regulations under section forty A, or by a direction to lower, remove, reconstruct or equip a structure under section forty F, or by the taking of its property or rights in property under section forty G, or by refusal to grant a variance permit as provided in section forty D, such corporation, within thirty days after such adoption, direction, taking or refusal, may appeal to said department, and if, after notice and a hearing, said department determines that the public safety, necessity and convenience will be best served by the amendment or annulment of such regulation, direction or taking, it may order such regulation, direction or taking to be amended or annulled, or may grant a variance permit as prescribed in section forty D.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 40i (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 40i - Approval of Regulations by Commission

Section 40I. Airport approach regulations adopted under section forty A, and orders for the taking of property under section forty G, shall be submitted as soon as may be after adoption to the commission for its approval. The commission shall, within thirty days after such submission, approve or disapprove the same; and no such regulation or order shall have force or effect until approved by the commission or until thirty days shall have elapsed without action thereon. Subsequent steps required by law shall be taken after such approval or expiration of thirty days without action.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 41 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 41 - Investigations or Hearings; Accidents

Section 41. The commission, or the director if so designated by it, may hold investigations or hearings relative to matters covered by any provision of sections thirty-five to fifty-two, inclusive, or of any order, rule or regulation of the commission, and shall hold investigations relative to any accident involving personal injury occurring in connection with aeronautics within the commonwealth.  The commission shall report to the civil aeronautics board aeronautical accidents within the commonwealth, and so far as possible shall preserve, protect and prevent the removal of the component parts of any aircraft involved in any such accident being investigated by it.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 42 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 42 - Equitable Jurisdiction of Superior Court

Section 42. The superior court shall have jurisdiction in equity to enforce any lawful rule, regulation or order made by the commission or any of its members or by a city or town under any provision of sections thirty-five to fifty-two, inclusive, and may compel the attendance of and the giving of testimony by witnesses before the commission or any member thereof, in the same manner and to the same extent as before said court.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 43 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 43 - Public Inspection of Copies of Orders, Rules and Regulations

Section 43. The commission shall keep on file for public inspection at the office of the state secretary, and also at its principal office, a copy of all its orders and general and special rules and regulations, as amended from time to time.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 44 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 44 - Penalties

Section 44. Any person failing to comply with any requirement, or violating any provision, of sections thirty-five to fifty-two, inclusive, or the rules and regulations for the enforcement of said sections made by the commission, or airport approach regulations made by a city or town under section forty A, and in full force and effect, shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for not less than one month nor more than six months, or both. Whoever operates an aircraft while under the influence of intoxicating liquor shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one month nor more than two years.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 45 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 45 - Appeals

Section 45. Any person aggrieved by any rule or approach or other regulation made under sections thirty-five to fifty-two, inclusive, or by any ruling, decision or order under any provision of said sections or of any such rule or regulation may, within thirty days after the effective date of such rule or regulation or within thirty days after such ruling, decision or order, appeal to the superior court sitting in equity for the purpose of having the lawfulness thereof inquired into and determined. Upon such appeals, said court may make such orders and decrees as justice and equity may require and parties to such appeals shall have all rights of appeal and exception as in other equity cases.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 46 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 46 - Altitude of Aircraft Flights

Section 46. Flight of aircraft over the lands and waters of this commonwealth, within the navigable air space as defined in section thirty-five, shall be lawful unless at such a low altitude as to interfere with the then existing use to which the land or water or space over the land or water is put by the owner or occupant, or unless so conducted as to be imminently dangerous to persons or property lawfully on the land or water beneath.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 47 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 47 - Federal Pilot's License, Permit or Certificate

Section 47. The public safety requiring, and the advantages of uniform regulation making it desirable in the interest of aeronautical progress, that a person engaging within this commonwealth in navigating or operating aircraft in any form of navigation should have the qualifications necessary for obtaining and holding a pilot's license, permit or certificate, issued by the Civil Aeronautics Authority of the United States or other proper licensing authority, no person shall operate or navigate any aircraft in this commonwealth unless such person is the holder of an appropriate effective pilot's license, permit or certificate, issued by said authority; provided, that this restriction shall not apply to persons operating military aircraft of the United States or possessions thereof, public aircraft of any state or territory, or any aircraft licensed by a foreign country with which the United States has a reciprocal agreement covering the operation of such licensed aircraft, nor to glider pilots licensed by the commission in accordance with such regulations as it may prescribe, nor to persons operating model aircraft, nor to any person piloting an aircraft which is equipped with fully functioning dual controls when a certificated instructor is in full charge of one set of said controls and such flight is solely for instruction or for the demonstration of said aircraft to a bona fide prospective purchaser thereof, nor to qualified airmen operating an aircraft on the ground at an airport, except on a landing area.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 48 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 48 - Aircraft License, Permit or Certificate

Section 48. The public safety requiring, and the advantages of uniform regulation making it desirable in the interest of aeronautical progress, that aircraft operated within this commonwealth should conform with respect to design, construction and air-worthiness to the standards prescribed by the United States government with respect to navigation of civil aircraft subject to its jurisdiction, no aircraft shall be operated or navigated within the commonwealth unless such aircraft has an appropriate effective license, permit or certificate, issued by the Civil Aeronautics Authority of the United States or other proper licensing authority and is registered by said authority; provided, that this restriction shall not apply to military aircraft of the United States or possessions thereof, public aircraft of any state or territory, aircraft licensed by a foreign country with which the United States has a reciprocal agreement covering the operation of such licensed aircraft, nor to model aircraft operated in accordance with such regulations as the commission may prescribe, nor to gliders licensed by the commission in accordance with such regulations as it may prescribe; and provided, further, that the commission may waive the provisions of this section for the purpose of inspection or test flights of a non-passenger carrying aircraft.
MA Gen L ch 90 § 49a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XIV - Public Ways and Works|Chapter 90 - Motor Vehicles and Aircraft|Section 49a - Retention of Court Records of Cases Involving Violations of Secs. 35 to 52; Abstracts

Section 49A. A full record shall be kept by every court of every case in which a person is charged with a violation of any provision of sections thirty-five to fifty-two, inclusive, of this chapter, or of the rules and regulations for the enforcement of said sections made by the commission, or of airport approach regulations made by a city or town under section forty A, and an abstract of such record shall be sent forthwith by the court to the commission. Said abstracts shall be made upon forms prepared by the commission, and shall include all necessary information as to the parties to the case, the nature of the offence, the date of the hearing, the plea, the judgment and the result; and every such abstract shall be certified by the clerk of the court as a true abstract of the record of the court. The commission shall keep such records in its office, and they shall be open to the inspection of any person during reasonable business hours.