reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
GA Code § 36-32-3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-3. Powers of Judges

 All judges of all municipal courts in this state shall have and are given the same powers and authorities as magistrates in the matter of and pertaining to criminal cases of whatever nature in the several courts of this state.   (Ga. L. 1935, p. 458, § 1; Ga. L. 1983, p. 884, § 3-26; Ga. L. 1987, p. 3, § 36.)   OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL    Mayor of a city has no right to try a case involving a state offense,  when the defendant is caught within the city limits, in a county which has a superior court but does not have a city court. 1958-59 Op. Att'y Gen. p. 216.   Power to issue arrest warrants.    - Under former Code 1933, § 27-102 (see now O.C.G.A. § 17-4-40), the power of ex officio justices of the peace (now magistrates) includes the authority to issue warrants for the arrest of offenders against the penal laws of this state. 1960-61 Op. Att'y Gen. p. 96.
GA Code § 36-32-4 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-4. Authority of Municipal Corporations to Provide for Forfeiture of Appearance Bonds

 Any municipal corporation shall have full power and authority to provide, by ordinance, for the forfeiture of bonds given by offenders for their appearance before municipal courts and to provide for the collection of the same from the principal and sureties on such bonds by judgment, execution, and sale.   (Ga. L. 1880-81, p. 176, § 1; Code 1933, § 69-206.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Cities and Towns in Georgia: A Distinction with a Difference?," see 14 Mercer L. Rev. 385 (1963). For note, "Bail in Georgia: Elimination of 'Double Bonding': A Partially Solved Problem," see 8 Ga. St. B. J. 220 (1971).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Liability of surety on criminal appearance bond.    - City ordinance which seeks to hold the surety liable on a criminal appearance bond until the fine imposed is collected does not conflict with Georgia case law; is authorized by O.C.G.A. § 36-32-4, which authorizes municipal corporations to make provision by ordinance as to what constitutes the forfeiture of bonds given by offenders for their appearance before municipal courts; and does not conflict with O.C.G.A. § 17-6-31 (surrender on surety bonds); for these reasons, there has not been preemption by the state in this area of regulatory activity. Therefore, the ordinance is not unconstitutional under the special law - general law prohibition contained in Ga. Const. 1983, Art. III, Sec. VI, Para. IV. City of Macon v. Davis, 251 Ga. 332, 305 S.E.2d 116 (1983).
GA Code § 36-32-6 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-6. Jurisdiction in Marijuana Possession Cases; Retention of Fines and Bond Forfeitures; Transfer of Cases

  The municipal court of any municipality is granted jurisdiction to try and dispose of cases where a person is charged with the possession of one ounce or less of marijuana if the offense occurred within the corporate limits of such municipality. The jurisdiction of any such court shall be concurrent with the jurisdiction of any other courts within the county having jurisdiction to try and dispose of such cases.   Any fines and bond forfeitures arising from the prosecution of such cases shall be retained by the municipality and shall be paid into the treasury of such municipality.   Any defendant charged with possession of an ounce or less of marijuana in a municipal court shall be entitled on request to have the case against him or her transferred to the court having general misdemeanor jurisdiction in the county wherein the alleged offense occurred.   Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to give any municipality the right to impose a fine or punish by imprisonment in excess of the limits as set forth in the municipality's charter.     (Code 1981, §36-32-6, enacted by Ga. L. 1983, p. 825, § 1; Ga. L. 1987, p. 3, § 36; Ga. L. 1997, p. 1377, § 3; Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 3-32/HB 233.)   Cross references.   - Purchase, possession, manufacture, distribution, or sale of controlled substances or marijuana, § 16-13-30.   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1997, p. 1377, § 4, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "it is the intent of the General Assembly to restore the law of this state to that which was generally understood to be the law prior to the decision of the Court of Appeals in Williams v. State, 222 Ga. App. 698, Case No. A96A1472, decided August 20, 1996, such that possession of one ounce or less of marijuana is a misdemeanor and the provisions of Code Section36-32-6 are applicable to such offenses."   Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 4-1/HB 233, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act shall become effective on July 1, 2015, and shall apply to seizures of property for forfeiture that occur on or after that date. Any such seizure that occurs before July 1, 2015, shall be governed by the statute in effect at the time of such seizure."   Law reviews.   - For article on the 2015 amendment of this Code section, see 32 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 1 (2015).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   Discretionary nature of judge's decision.    - Grant of writ of mandamus to the defendant was reversed because mandamus was not an allowable remedy since the opportunity for review via a writ of certiorari existed as to the municipal judge's decision as the municipal court's duty under O.C.G.A. § 36-32-6(c) as to the defendant's marijuana possession was a discretionary act allowing the opportunity for review via a writ. Schaeffer v. Kearney, 355 Ga. App. 449, 844 S.E.2d 515 (2020).
GA Code § 36-32-6.1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-6.1. Jurisdiction in Cases Involving Transactions in Drug Objects; Disposition of Fines; Transfer of Cases

  The municipal court of any municipality shall be granted jurisdiction to try and dispose of cases where a person is charged with transactions in drug related objects in violation of Code Section 16-13-32 if the offense occurred within the corporate limits of such municipality. The jurisdiction of any such court shall be concurrent with the jurisdiction of any other courts within the county having jurisdiction to try and dispose of such cases.   Any fines arising from the prosecution of such cases shall be retained by the municipality and shall be paid into the treasury of such municipality.   Any defendant charged with transactions in drug related objects in violation of Code Section 16-13-32 in a municipal court shall be entitled, upon request, to have the case against him or her transferred to the court having general misdemeanor jurisdiction in the county where the alleged offense occurred.   Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to give any municipality the right to impose a fine or punish by imprisonment in excess of the limits as set forth in the municipality's charter.     (Code 1981, §36-32-6.1, enacted by Ga. L. 2012, p. 53, § 5/SB 352.)   Cross references.   - Prosecuting attorneys of municipal courts, § 15-18-90 et seq.
GA Code § 36-32-7 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-7. Jurisdiction in Cases of Operating Motor Vehicle Without Effective Insurance; Retention of Fines and Bond Forfeitures; Transfer of Cases

  The municipal court of each municipality is granted jurisdiction to try and dispose of cases where a person is charged with a misdemeanor under Code Section 40-6-10 of knowingly operating or knowingly authorizing the operation of a motor vehicle without effective insurance of such vehicle or without an approved plan of self-insurance as required by Chapter 34 of Title 33, the "Georgia Motor Vehicle Accident Reparations Act," if the offense occurred within the corporate limits of such municipality. The jurisdiction of each such court shall be concurrent with the jurisdiction of any other courts within the county having jurisdiction to try and dispose of such cases.   Any fines and bond forfeitures arising from the prosecution of such cases shall be retained by the municipality and shall be paid into the treasury of such municipality.   Any defendant charged with a misdemeanor under Code Section 40-6-10 in a municipal court shall be entitled on request to have the case against him transferred to the court having general misdemeanor jurisdiction in the county in which the alleged offense occurred.   Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to give any municipality the right to impose a fine or punish by imprisonment in excess of the limits as set forth in the municipality's charter.     (Ga. L. 1974, p. 113, § 14; Ga. L. 1978, p. 1369, § 1; Code 1981, §36-32-7, enacted by Ga. L. 1985, p. 891, § 2; Ga. L. 1987, p. 3, § 36; Ga. L. 1991, p. 94, § 36; Ga. L. 1992, p. 6, § 36; Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 3-32/HB 233.)   Editor's notes.   - The provisions of this Code section previously appeared in substantially similar form in subsections (b) through (d) of Code Section 33-34-12, which subsections were deleted by Ga. L. 1985, p. 891, § 1.   Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 4-1/HB 233, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act shall become effective on July 1, 2015, and shall apply to seizures of property for forfeiture that occur on or after that date. Any such seizure that occurs before July 1, 2015, shall be governed by the statute in effect at the time of such seizure."   Law reviews.   - For article on the 2015 amendment of this Code section, see 32 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 1 (2015).
GA Code § 36-32-8 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-8. Jurisdiction in Cases of Operating Motor Vehicle Without Certificate of Emission Inspection; Retention of Fines and Bond Forfeitures; Transfer of Cases

  The municipal court of each municipality of each county required to comply with Article 2 of Chapter 9 of Title 12, known as the "Georgia Motor Vehicle Emission Inspection and Maintenance Act," is granted jurisdiction to try and dispose of such cases in which a person is charged with a misdemeanor under Code Section 12-9-55 of operating a responsible motor vehicle without a certificate of emission inspection, if the offense occurred within the corporate limits of such municipality. The jurisdiction of such court shall be concurrent with the jurisdiction of any other courts within the county having jurisdiction to try and dispose of such cases.   Any fines and bond forfeitures arising from the prosecution of such cases shall be retained by the municipality and shall be paid into the treasury of such municipality.   Any defendant charged with a misdemeanor under Code Section 12-9-55 in a municipal court shall be entitled upon request to have the case against him transferred to the court having general misdemeanor jurisdiction in the county in which the alleged offense occurred.   Nothing in this Code section shall be construed to give any municipality the right to impose a fine in excess of the limits set forth in Code Section 12-9-55.     (Code 1981, §36-32-8, enacted by Ga. L. 1985, p. 1390, § 1; Ga. L. 1987, p. 3, § 36; Ga. L. 1992, p. 6, § 36; Ga. L. 1992, p. 918, § 4; Ga. L. 1993, p. 91, § 36; Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 3-32/HB 233.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 4-1/HB 233, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act shall become effective on July 1, 2015, and shall apply to seizures of property for forfeiture that occur on or after that date. Any such seizure that occurs before July 1, 2015, shall be governed by the statute in effect at the time of such seizure."   Law reviews.   - For article on the 2015 amendment of this Code section, see 32 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 1 (2015).
GA Code § 36-32-10.1 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-10.1. Jurisdiction in Counties Without State Court to Try Violations of Code Section 16-7-21; Retention of Fines and Bond Forfeitures; Transfer of Cases; Penalties

  The municipal court of each municipal corporation in counties where there is no state court is granted jurisdiction to try and dispose of any violation of Code Section 16-7-21, relating to criminal trespass, if the offense occurred within the corporate limits of such municipal corporation. The jurisdiction of such municipal court shall be concurrent with the jurisdiction of any other court within the county having jurisdiction to try and dispose of such cases.   Any fines and bond forfeitures arising from the prosecution of any such case in the municipal court shall be retained by the municipal corporation and shall be paid into the treasury of such municipal corporation.   Any defendant charged with a violation of Code Section 16-7-21 in a municipal court shall be entitled upon request to have the case against him or her transferred to the court having general misdemeanor jurisdiction in the county in which the alleged offense occurred.   A person convicted of a violation of Code Section 16-7-21 shall be punished as provided in such Code section, provided that nothing in this Code section or in Code Section 16-7-21 shall be construed to give any municipal court the right to impose a fine or punishment by imprisonment in excess of the limits as set forth in the municipality's charter.     (Code 1981, §36-32-10.1, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 1281, § 1; Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 3-32/HB 233.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2015, p. 693, § 4-1/HB 233, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act shall become effective on July 1, 2015, and shall apply to seizures of property for forfeiture that occur on or after that date. Any such seizure that occurs before July 1, 2015, shall be governed by the statute in effect at the time of such seizure."   Law reviews.   - For article on the 2015 amendment of this Code section, see 32 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 1 (2015).
GA Code § 36-32-10.2 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-10.2. Trial Upon Citation, Summons, or Accusation

 Notwithstanding any other contrary provision of law, in municipal courts which have jurisdiction over misdemeanor offenses or ordinance violations, such offenses or violations may be tried upon a uniform traffic citation, summons, citation, or an accusation.    (Code 1981, §36-32-10.2, enacted by Ga. L. 2002, p. 627, § 1.)   Law reviews.   - For article, "Should Georgia Change Its Misdemeanor Arrest Laws to Authorize Issuing More Field Citations? Can Alternative Arrest Process Help Alleviate Georgia's Jail Overcrowding and Reduce the Time Arresting Officers Expend Processing Nontraffic Misdemeanor Offenses?," see 22 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 313 (2005).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in Beaman v. City of Peachtree City, 256 Ga. App. 62, 567 S.E.2d 715 (2002).
GA Code § 36-32-10.3 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-10.3. Jurisdiction Over Littering Offenses

  Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this Code section, in addition to any other jurisdiction vested in the municipal courts, such courts shall have the right and power to conduct trials, receive pleas of guilty, and impose sentence upon defendants for violating any provision of Part 2, Part 3, or Part 3A of Article 2 of Chapter 7 of Title 16 or Code Section 32-6-51 or 40-6-248.1 that is punishable for its violation as a misdemeanor. Such jurisdiction shall be concurrent with other courts having jurisdiction over such violations.   A municipal court shall not have the power to dispose of misdemeanor cases as provided in subsection (a) of this Code section unless the defendant shall first waive in writing a trial by jury. If the defendant does not waive a trial by jury, the defendant shall notify the court and, if reasonable cause exists, the defendant shall be immediately bound over to a court in the county having jurisdiction to try the offense wherein a jury may be impaneled.     (Code 1981, §36-32-10.3, enacted by Ga. L. 2006, p. 275, § 3-11/HB 1320.)   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 2006, p. 275, § 1-1/HB 1320, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that: "This Act shall be known and may be cited as the 'Comprehensive Litter Prevention and Abatement Act of 2006.'"   Ga. L. 2006, p. 275, § 5-1/HB 1320, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the Act shall become effective April 21, 2006, for purposes of adopting local ordinances to become effective on or after July 1, 2006.
GA Code § 36-32-11 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-11. Required Training for Judges

  All judges of the municipal courts, and all judges of courts exercising municipal court jurisdiction, shall periodically satisfactorily complete a training course as provided in Article 2 of this chapter.   The Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council shall keep records of training completed by municipal judges and judges of courts exercising municipal court jurisdiction.   If any municipal judge, or any judge of a court exercising municipal court jurisdiction, does not satisfactorily complete the required training in any year, the Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council shall promptly notify the Judicial Qualifications Commission, which may remove the judge from office unless the Judicial Qualifications Commission finds that the failure was caused by facts beyond the control of the judge.   The reasonable costs and expenses of such training shall be paid by the governing authority of the jurisdiction where the judge presides.   This Code section shall not apply to any magistrate judge, probate judge, or any judge of a court of record who presides in a court exercising municipal court jurisdiction.     (Code 1981, §36-32-11, enacted by Ga. L. 1990, p. 882, § 1; Ga. L. 2012, p. 1096, § 1/SB 351.)
GA Code § 36-32-12 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-12. Municipal Court Held Outside Municipality

 Notwithstanding any other contrary provision of law, local or general, sessions of a municipal court may be held outside the municipality for which the municipal court is established if such sessions are held within a county in which the municipality is located or has its legal situs. Nothing in this code section shall be construed to restrict the judge of a municipal court from having authority to engage in any judicial act which he or she is lawfully entitled to perform, regardless of where the judge is located when the act is performed.    (Code 1981, §36-32-12, enacted by Ga. L. 2001, p. 1025, § 1; Ga. L. 2021, p. 423, § 1-9/HB 635.)    The 2021 amendment,  effective May 4, 2021, added the second sentence.
GA Code § 36-32-13 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 36-32-13. Municipal Court Clerks; Role of Municipal Courts Training Council

  For purposes of this Code section, the term:   "Municipal court" shall have the same meaning as described in subsection (a) of Code Section 36-32-1.   "Municipal court clerk" shall mean the primary person most directly responsible for the administration of a municipal court other than a judge of the municipal court.       Any person who is hired or appointed as a municipal court clerk on or after July 1, 2006, shall satisfactorily complete a minimum of 16 hours of training related to the operation of municipal court as prescribed by the Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council within his or her first year of service as a municipal court clerk.   Each municipal court clerk, regardless of when he or she was hired or appointed, shall complete a minimum of eight hours of training related to the operation of municipal court as prescribed by the Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council on an annual basis. The training required by this paragraph shall be satisfied by completing the training provided for in paragraph (1) of this subsection in the municipal court clerk's first year of service.   The reasonable costs and expense of training required by this Code section shall be paid by the governing authority of the municipality from municipal funds.     The Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council shall keep records of training completed by municipal court clerks.   In any year that any municipal court clerk does not satisfactorily complete the required training, the Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council shall promptly notify the governing authority of the applicable municipality as well as the chief municipal court judge of the applicable municipality.     (Code 1981, §36-32-13, enacted by Ga. L. 2006, p. 658, § 1/HB 1288; Ga. L. 2012, p. 775, § 36/HB 942.)
GA Code § 36-32-20 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 2 - Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council|§ 36-32-20. Short Title

 This article shall be known and may be cited as "The Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council Act."    (Code 1981, §36-32-20, enacted by Ga. L. 1990, p. 882, § 2.)
GA Code § 36-32-21 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 2 - Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council|§ 36-32-21. Definitions

 As used in this article, the term:    "Certified municipal judge" means a municipal judge who has the appropriate required certificate of training issued by the council and on file with the council.   "Council" means the Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council.   "Municipal court" means and includes any municipal court as defined in subsection (a) of Code Section 36-32-1.   "Municipal judge" means a judge of a municipal court.   "School" means any school, college, university, academy, or training program approved by the council and the Judicial Council of Georgia which offers basic, in-service, advanced, specialized, or continuing judicial training or a combination thereof, and includes within its meaning a combination of course curriculum, instructors, and facilities which meet the standards required by the council.     (Code 1981, §36-32-21, enacted by Ga. L. 1990, p. 882, § 2; Ga. L. 1991, p. 326, § 1.)
GA Code § 36-32-22 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 36 - Local Government|Chapter 32 - Municipal Courts|Article 2 - Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council|§ 36-32-22. Establishment of Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council; Membership

  There is established a council which shall be known and designated as the "Georgia Municipal Courts Training Council" and which shall be composed of the director of the administrative office of the courts or the director's designee, which member shall not be a voting member, and five municipal judges who shall be appointed by the Council of Municipal Court Judges of Georgia. The initial terms for two members shall expire on December 31, 1991. The initial terms for three members shall expire on December 31, 1992. Following the expiration of these initial terms, their successors shall be appointed for terms of two years.   In the event of death, resignation, disqualification, or removal for any reason of any member of the council, vacancies shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment and successors shall serve for the unexpired term.   Membership on the council does not constitute public office and no member shall be disqualified from holding office by reason of his membership.     (Code 1981, §36-32-22, enacted by Ga. L. 1990, p. 882, § 2; Ga. L. 1998, p. 184, § 1.)