reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 47-36f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36f - Force and effect of “Quitclaim Deed” form.

 A deed entitled “Quitclaim Deed”, when duly executed, has the force and effect of a conveyance to the releasee of all the releasor's right, title and interest in and to the property described therein except as otherwise limited therein, but without any covenants of title. A “Quitclaim Deed” may be used as a release of a mortgage, attachment, judgment lien or any other interest in real property.(P.A. 75-309, S. 9; P.A. 79-602, S. 14.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “has” for “shall have”.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36g - Force and effect of words “with quitclaim covenants”.

 In any conveyance of real property the words “with quitclaim covenants” have the full force, meaning and effect of the following words: “The releasor, for himself and for his heirs and assigns, executors and administrators, covenants with the releasee and his heirs and assigns, that he and any other person or persons in his name and behalf or claiming under him shall not or will not hereafter claim or demand any right or title to the premises or any part thereof, but they and each of them shall be excluded and forever barred therefrom except as therein set forth.”(P.A. 75-309, S. 10; P.A. 79-602, S. 15.)History: P.A. 79-602 made minor change in wording but did not make substantive changes.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36h - Force and effect of “Mortgage Deed” form.

 A deed following the form entitled “Mortgage Deed”, when duly executed, has the force and effect of a deed to the mortgagee in fee simple, subject to defeasance, with mortgage covenants, to secure the payment of money as well as the performance of any obligation or obligations therein specified or referred to; provided any other lawful covenants, agreement or condition may be inserted in the mortgage deed and any of the terms and provisions of said statutory mortgage covenants and conditions may be added to by any lawful agreement, covenant and condition specified in the mortgage deed.(P.A. 75-309, S. 11; P.A. 79-602, S. 16.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “has” for “shall have” and “the” for “such” where appearing.Cited. 189 C. 212; 224 C. 563.Cited. 20 CA 163.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36i (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36i - Force and effect of the words “with mortgage covenants”.

 In any conveyance of real property the words “with mortgage covenants” have the full force, meaning and effect of the following words: “The mortgagor covenants with the mortgagee that he is lawfully seized in fee simple of the mortgaged premises; that the same are free from all encumbrances, except as therein set forth; that he has good right, full power and lawful authority to sell and convey the same to the mortgagee and that he, the mortgagor, and his heirs and assigns, executors and administrators shall and will warrant and defend the same to the mortgagee and his heirs and assigns forever against the claims and demands of all persons except as therein set forth.”(P.A. 75-309, S. 12; P.A. 79-602, S. 17.)History: P.A. 79-602 changed wording slightly but made no substantive changes.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36j - Conditions included in the words “upon statutory condition”.

 In any mortgage deed of real property, the words “upon statutory condition” or similar language, include the following conditions: “Provided, and this conveyance is made upon the express condition, if the mortgagor or his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns shall pay to the mortgagee or his heirs, executors, administrators or assigns the principal and interest of that certain promissory note or notes secured by this deed, at the time provided in said promissory note or in this deed, and shall also pay all taxes and assessments of every kind levied or assessed upon or in respect of the mortgaged premises or upon the note or notes secured thereby, then this deed, and also said promissory note, shall be absolutely void; otherwise the same shall remain in full force and effect.”(P.A. 75-309, S. 13; P.A. 79-602, S. 18.)History: P.A. 79-602 deleted “shall be deemed to” preceding “include”.Cited. 2 CA 119.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36k (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36k - Technical words of inheritance not necessary.

 In any conveyance or reservation of real property or of any interest therein, the terms “heirs”, “assigns” or other technical words of inheritance are not necessary to convey or reserve an estate in fee simple. A conveyance or reservation of real property or of any interest therein conveys or reserves an estate in fee simple, unless otherwise expressly limited in the deed or reservation.(P.A. 75-309, S. 14; P.A. 79-602, S. 5.)History: P.A. 79-602 rephrased provisions but made no substantive change.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36l (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36l - Type of estate deemed to be included in conveyance.

 In any conveyance of real property all rights, privileges and appurtenances belonging or appertaining to the granted or released estate are included in the conveyance, unless expressly stated otherwise in the conveyance and it is unnecessary to enumerate or mention them either generally or specifically.(P.A. 75-309, S. 15; P.A. 79-602, S. 4.)History: P.A. 79-602 made minor wording changes but made no substantive change.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36o (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36o - Force and effect of “Conservator's Deed” form.

 A deed following the form entitled “Conservator's Deed”, when duly executed, has the force and effect of conveying to the grantee the fee simple title of a person under voluntary or involuntary conservatorship or such conservator upon an order of a Probate Court authorizing and directing the conservator to sell at private sale the real estate owned by the person under voluntary or involuntary conservatorship, with covenants that (1) the conservator has full power and authority as such conservator to sell and convey the same to the grantee, and (2) the conservator and the conservator's successors shall warrant and defend the granted premises against all claims and demands of any person or persons claiming by or under such conservator.(P.A. 78-210, S. 2; P.A. 79-602, S. 19; P.A. 15-217, S. 23.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “has” for “shall have” and “the” for “such” or “said” where appearing; P.A. 15-217 substituted references to person under voluntary or involuntary conservatorship for references to incapable person and made technical changes.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36p (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36p - Force and effect of “Testamentary Trustee's Deed” form.

 A deed following the form entitled “Testamentary Trustee's Deed”, when duly executed, has the force and effect of conveying to the grantee the fee simple title which a deceased person had at the time of his death, or which the trustee has pursuant to authority given in the last will and testament of a deceased person with covenants that (1) the trustee is duly qualified to act as trustee, (2) he has full power and authority as trustee to bargain and sell the described premises in manner and form as set forth, and (3) the trustee and his successors shall warrant and defend the granted premises against all claims and demands of any person claiming by, from or under the trustee.(P.A. 78-210, S. 3; P.A. 79-209, S. 2; 79-602, S. 20.)History: P.A. 79-209 made technical correction; P.A. 79-602 substituted “has” for “shall have” and “the” for “such” where appearing.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36q (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36q - Force and effect of “Administrator's Deed” form.

 A deed following the form entitled “Administrator's Deed”, when duly executed, has the force and effect of conveying to the grantee the fee simple title which a deceased person had at the time of his death, or which such administrator has with covenants that (1) the administrator is duly qualified to act as administrator, (2) the administrator has full power and authority under and by virtue of an order of the Court of Probate to bargain and sell the described premises, and (3) the administrator and his successors shall warrant and defend the granted premises to the grantee against all claims and demands of any person or persons claiming under the administrator.(P.A. 78-210, S. 4; P.A. 79-602, S. 21.)History: P.A. 79-602 substituted “has” for “shall have” and “the” for “such” where appearing.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36r (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36r - Force and effect of “Executor's Deed” form.

 A deed following the form entitled “Executor's Deed”, when duly executed, has the force and effect of conveying to the grantee the fee simple title which a deceased person had at the time of his death, or which the executor has with covenants that (1) the executor is duly qualified to act as executor, (2) the executor has full power and authority to bargain and sell the described premises pursuant to the terms of the last will and testament of the deceased person, or by virtue of an order of a court of probate, and (3) the executor and his successors shall warrant and defend the granted premises to the grantee against all claims and demands of any person claiming by, from or under the executor.(P.A. 78-210, S. 5; P.A. 79-209, S. 3; 79-602, S. 22.)History: P.A. 79-209 made technical correction, substituting “executor” for “administrator” at end of Subdiv. (3); P.A. 79-602 substituted “has” for “shall have” and “the” for “such” where appearing.
CT Gen Stat § 47-36s (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821a - Forms of Deeds and Mortgages|Section 47-36s - Force and effect of “Trustee's Deed” form.

 A deed following the form entitled “Trustee's Deed”, when duly executed, has the force and effect of conveying to the grantee the fee simple title which the trustee has pursuant to authority given in the trust instrument or by law with covenants that (1) the trustee is duly qualified to act as trustee, (2) the trustee has full power and authority as trustee to bargain and sell the described premises in manner and form as set forth, and (3) the trustee and the trustee's successors shall warrant and defend the granted premises against all claims and demands of any person claiming by, from or under the trustee.(P.A. 03-75, S. 2.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-36bb (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 821b - Validation of Conveyance Defects|Section 47-36bb - Validation re transfer of interest in real property to trust rather than trustee. Treatment of subsequent transfers. Indexing by town clerk. Presumptions re certain instruments recorded in the land records.

 (a) Any transfer of an interest in real property to a trust, rather than to the trustee or trustees of the trust, shall constitute a valid and enforceable transfer of such interest.(b) Any subsequent transfer of such interest in real property, or any portion or part thereof (1) made by the trust and executed by a duly authorized trustee of the trust, shall be treated as if the transfer was made by such duly authorized trustee, or (2) made and executed by a duly authorized trustee of the trust, shall be treated as if the transfer was made by the trust.(c) Any instrument whose grantor, grantee, releasor, releasee, assignor, assignee, transferor or transferee is a trust shall be indexed by the town clerk in the name of the trust identified in such instrument and also in the name or names of all trustees identified in such instrument.(d) With respect to any instrument that has been recorded in the land records and whose grantor, releasor, assignor or transferor is a trust, it shall be presumed, in the absence of evidence in the land records indicating otherwise, that the (1) person who executed such instrument on the trust's behalf was duly authorized to so act, and (2) trust on whose behalf such person acted contained a provision conferring upon the trustee or trustees, the power to convey an interest in real property.(P.A. 16-194, S. 6; P.A. 17-99, S. 50.)History: P.A. 17-99 replaced provisions re conveyance of interest in land to trust rather than trustees with Subsecs. (a) to (d) re transfer of an interest in real property to trust rather than trustee, subsequent transfers of interest in real property, indexing of instrument by town clerk and presumptions re certain instruments recorded in the land records, respectively.
CT Gen Stat § 47-38 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-38 - Mode of preventing acquisition.

 The owner of land over which a right-of-way or other easement is claimed or used may give notice in writing, to the person claiming or using the privilege, of his intention to dispute the right-of-way or other easement and to prevent the other party from acquiring the right; and the notice, being served and recorded as provided in sections 47-39 and 47-40, shall be deemed an interruption of the use and shall prevent the acquiring of a right thereto by the continuance of the use for any length of time thereafter.(1949 Rev., S. 7131; P.A. 79-602, S. 57.)History: P.A. 79-602 made minor changes in wording but made no substantive changes.Cited. 140 C. 370; 142 C. 296; 143 C. 40. Trial court properly determined that boundary line agreement did not constitute notice of intent to prevent airport defendant from acquiring an easement and, therefore, did not prevent airport defendants from acquiring a prescriptive easement in the land trust properties. 275 C. 105. None of defendant's actions, including the posting of “no trespassing” signs, was sufficient to interrupt plaintiff's continuous use of property. 296 C. 43.Cited. 40 CS 272.
CT Gen Stat § 47-39 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-39 - Service of notice upon the party claiming the easement.

 The notice referred to in section 47-38 shall be served like an original summons in civil actions on the person claiming or using the way or easement, his agent or guardian, if within the state, otherwise on the tenant or occupant of the estate to which the way or easement is claimed to be appurtenant, if there is any such tenant or occupant, and, if not, a copy of the notice shall be affixed to the house upon such estate or to some other conspicuous part of the premises. The service shall be endorsed and returned on the original paper, and the notice with the return shall be recorded in the land records of the town in which the land lies, within three months after the service.(1949 Rev., S. 7132; P.A. 79-602, S. 58.)History: P.A. 79-602 specified notice as that “referred to in section 47-38” and substituted “the” for “such” where appearing.Cited. 140 C. 370; 142 C. 296.Cited. 40 CS 272.
CT Gen Stat § 47-40 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-40 - Giving of notice when party unknown.

 When the owner of the estate to which such way or easement is claimed to be appurtenant is unknown, the notice under sections 47-38 and 47-39 may be given by conspicuously posting on the estate a copy of the notice and serving it on the person to whom the premises were last assessed for taxes in the place where they lie, and recording it as required in said sections.(1949 Rev., S. 7133; P.A. 79-602, S. 59.)History: P.A. 79-602 made minor changes in wording but made no substantive changes.Cited. 140 C. 370; 142 C. 296.
CT Gen Stat § 47-41 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-41 - Notice considered a disturbance of the right.

 The notice under sections 47-38 and 47-39 shall be considered a disturbance of the right in question which enables the party claiming the right to bring an action as for a nuisance or disturbance for the purpose of trying the right. If the plaintiff in that action prevails, he shall be entitled to full costs, although he recovers only nominal damages.(1949 Rev., S. 7134; P.A. 79-602, S. 60.)History: P.A. 79-602 rephrased provisions and specified notice as that under Secs. 47-38 and 47-39.Cited. 140 C. 370; 142 C. 296.
CT Gen Stat § 47-42 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-42 - Easements for public utility or railway purposes.

 Any right-of-way over or easement in or to any land or water or any interest therein granted by any person or corporation by means of any instrument executed in the manner provided by law for the conveyance of any interest in real estate, which instrument purports to convey to any individual and to his heirs and assigns or to any corporation and to its successors and assigns, a right-of-way over or easement in or to such land or water for any purpose connected with (1) the generation, transmission or distribution of electric energy, (2) the provision of services or operations of a public service company, as defined in section 16-1, or (3) the operation of a railroad or street railway company, shall create a transmissible and assignable interest in land in the grantee therein described. All or any part of any rights therein granted may be granted and conveyed by the grantee therein described, or by any successive grantee, in the manner provided by law for the conveyance of any interest in real estate, to any person or corporation and to his or its respective heirs, successors or assigns. Such grant shall vest in the person or corporation to which such grant is given all the right, interest and title of the grantor to such right-of-way or easement or portion thereof as may be described in such grant.(1949 Rev., S. 7135; P.A. 95-217, S. 5.)History: P.A. 95-217 added Subdiv. indicators, and Subdiv. (2) re public service companies.
CT Gen Stat § 47-42a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-42a - Definitions.

 For the purposes of sections 47-42b, 47-42c and 47-42d, the following definitions shall apply:(a) “Conservation restriction” means a limitation, whether or not stated in the form of a restriction, easement, covenant or condition, in any deed, will or other instrument executed by or on behalf of the owner of the land described therein, including, but not limited to, the state or any political subdivision of the state, or in any order of taking such land whose purpose is to retain land or water areas predominantly in their natural, scenic or open condition or in agricultural, farming, forest or open space use.(b) “Preservation restriction” means a limitation, whether or not stated in the form of a restriction, easement, covenant or condition, in any deed, will or other instrument executed by or on behalf of the owner of land, including, but not limited to, the state or any political subdivision of the state, or in any order of taking of such land whose purpose is to preserve historically significant structures or sites.(1971, P.A. 173, S. 1; P.A. 04-96, S. 1; P.A. 05-124, S. 1.)History: P.A. 04-96 added the state or any political subdivision of the state to conservation restriction and preservation restriction definitions, effective May 10, 2004; P.A. 05-124 made definitions applicable to Sec. 47-42d.
CT Gen Stat § 47-42b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-42b - Enforcement of conservation and preservation restrictions held by governmental body or charitable corporation.

 No conservation restriction held by any governmental body or by a charitable corporation or trust whose purposes include conservation of land or water areas and no preservation restriction held by any governmental body or by a charitable corporation or trust whose purposes include preservation of buildings or sites of historical significance shall be unenforceable on account of lack of privity of estate or contract or lack of benefit to particular land or on account of the benefit being assignable or being assigned to any other governmental body or to any charitable corporation or trust with like purposes.(1971, P.A. 173, S. 2.)
CT Gen Stat § 47-42c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 47 - Land and Land Titles|Chapter 822 - Easements and Restrictions|Section 47-42c - Acquisition of restrictions. Enforcement by Attorney General.

 Such conservation and preservation restrictions are interests in land and may be acquired by any governmental body or any charitable corporation or trust which has the power to acquire interests in land in the same manner as it may acquire other interests in land. Such restrictions may be enforced by injunction or proceedings in equity. The Attorney General may bring an action in the Superior Court to enforce the public interest in such restrictions.(1971, P.A. 173, S. 3; P.A. 05-124, S. 5.)History: P.A. 05-124 permitted Attorney General to bring enforcement action in Superior Court to enforce public interest in restrictions, effective July 1, 2005.Provision permitting enforcement by injunction or proceedings in equity authorized trial court to order a restoration plan that went beyond restoration of the property to its condition prior to defendant's violation of conservation restriction. 325 C. 737.