reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-302 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-302 - Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Agricultural Liens

    While farm products are located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of an agricultural lien on the farm products.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-303 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-303 - Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Goods Covered by Certificate of Title

    (a)    This section applies to goods covered by a certificate of title, even if there is no other relationship between the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered and the goods or the debtor.    (b)    Goods become covered by a certificate of title when a valid application for the certificate of title and the applicable fee are delivered to the appropriate authority. Goods cease to be covered by a certificate of title at the earlier of the time the certificate of title ceases to be effective under the law of the issuing jurisdiction or the time the goods become covered subsequently by a certificate of title issued by another jurisdiction.    (c)    The local law of the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in goods covered by a certificate of title from the time the goods become covered by the certificate of title until the goods cease to be covered by the certificate of title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-304 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-304 - Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Deposit Accounts

    (a)    The local law of a bank’s jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a deposit account maintained with that bank.    (b)    The following rules determine a bank’s jurisdiction for purposes of this subtitle:        (1)    If an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction for purposes of this subtitle, this title, or Titles 1 through 10 of this article, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.        (2)    If paragraph (1) does not apply and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.        (3)    If neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the deposit account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank’s jurisdiction.        (4)    If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the customer’s account is located.        (5)    If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the bank is located.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-306 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-306 - Law Governing Perfection and Priority of Security Interests in Letter-of-Credit Rights

    (a)    Subject to subsection (c), the local law of the issuer’s jurisdiction or a nominated person’s jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right if the issuer’s jurisdiction or nominated person’s jurisdiction is a state.    (b)    For purposes of this part, an issuer’s jurisdiction or nominated person’s jurisdiction is the jurisdiction whose law governs the liability of the issuer or nominated person with respect to the letter-of-credit right as provided in § 5-116 of this article.    (c)    This section does not apply to a security interest that is perfected only under § 9-308(d).
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-308 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-308 - When Security Interest or Agricultural Lien Is Perfected; Continuity of Perfection

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in this section and § 9-309, a security interest is perfected if it has attached and all of the applicable requirements for perfection in §§ 9-310 through 9-316 have been satisfied. A security interest is perfected when it attaches if the applicable requirements are satisfied before the security interest attaches.    (b)    An agricultural lien is perfected if it has become effective and all of the applicable requirements for perfection in § 9-310 have been satisfied. An agricultural lien is perfected when it becomes effective if the applicable requirements are satisfied before the agricultural lien becomes effective.    (c)    A security interest or agricultural lien is perfected continuously if it is originally perfected by one method under this article and is later perfected by another method under this article, without an intermediate period when it was unperfected.    (d)    Perfection of a security interest in collateral also perfects a security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral.    (e)    Perfection of a security interest in a right to payment or performance also perfects a security interest in a security interest, mortgage, or other lien on personal or real property securing the right.    (f)    Perfection of a security interest in a securities account also perfects a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account.    (g)    Perfection of a security interest in a commodity account also perfects a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-309 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-309 - Security Interest Perfected Upon Attachment

    The following security interests are perfected when they attach:         (1)    A purchase-money security interest in consumer goods, except as otherwise provided in § 9-311(b) with respect to consumer goods that are subject to a statute or treaty described in § 9-311(a);        (2)    An assignment of accounts or payment intangibles which does not by itself or in conjunction with other assignments to the same assignee transfer a significant part of the assignor’s outstanding accounts or payment intangibles;        (3)    A sale of a payment intangible;        (4)    A sale of a promissory note;        (5)    A security interest created by the assignment of a health-care-insurance receivable to the provider of the health-care goods or services;        (6)    A security interest arising under § 2-401, § 2-505, § 2-711(3), or § 2A-508(5) of this article, until the debtor obtains possession of the collateral;        (7)    A security interest of a collecting bank arising under § 4-210 of this article;        (8)    A security interest of an issuer or nominated person arising under § 5-118 of this article;        (9)    A security interest arising in the delivery of a financial asset under § 9-206(c);        (10)    A security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary;        (11)    A security interest in a commodity contract or a commodity account created by a commodity intermediary;        (12)    An assignment for the benefit of all creditors of the transferor and subsequent transfers by the assignee thereunder;        (13)    A security interest created by an assignment of a beneficial interest in a decedent’s estate; and        (14)    A sale by an individual of an account that is a right to payment of winnings in a lottery or other game of chance.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-310 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-310 - When Filing Required to Perfect Security Interest or Agricultural Lien; Security Interests and Agricultural Liens to Which Filing Provisions Do Not Apply

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and § 9-312(b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens.    (b)    The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a security interest:        (1)    That is perfected under § 9-308(d), (e), (f), or (g);        (2)    That is perfected under § 9-309 when it attaches;        (3)    In property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in § 9-311(a);        (4)    In goods in possession of a bailee which is perfected under § 9-312(d)(1) or (2);        (5)    In certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments which is perfected without filing, control, or possession under § 9-312(e), (f), or (g);        (6)    In collateral in the secured party’s possession under § 9-313;        (7)    In a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party under § 9-313;        (8)    In deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, electronic documents, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under § 9-314;        (9)    In proceeds which is perfected under § 9-315; or        (10)    That is perfected under § 9-316.    (c)    If a secured party assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this article is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the original debtor.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-311 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-311 - Perfection of Security Interests in Property Subject to Certain Statutes, Regulations, and Treaties

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), the filing of a financing statement is not necessary or effective to perfect a security interest in property subject to:        (1)    A statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States whose requirements for a security interest’s obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property preempt § 9–310(a);        (2)    Any statute of this State which provides for a security interest to be indicated on a certificate of title as a condition or result of perfection; or        (3)    A statute of another jurisdiction which provides for a security interest to be indicated on a certificate of title as a condition or result of the security interest’s obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property.    (b)    Compliance with the requirements of a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) for obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor is equivalent to the filing of a financing statement under this title, provided that the time for perfection will be governed by that statute, regulation, or treaty. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) and §§ 9–313 and 9–316(d) and (e) for goods covered by a certificate of title, a security interest in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) may be perfected only by compliance with those requirements, and a security interest so perfected remains perfected notwithstanding a change in the use or transfer of possession of the collateral.    (c)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) and § 9–316(d) and (e), duration and renewal of perfection of a security interest perfected by compliance with the requirements prescribed by a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) are governed by the statute, regulation, or treaty. In other respects, the security interest is subject to this article.    (d)    During any period in which collateral subject to a statute specified in subsection (a)(2) is inventory held for sale or lease by a person or leased by that person as lessor and that person is in the business of selling goods of that kind, this section does not apply to a security interest in that collateral created by that person.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-312 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-312 - Perfection of Security Interests in Chattel Paper, Deposit Accounts, Documents, Goods Covered by Documents, Instruments, Investment Property, Letter-of-Credit Rights, and Money; Perfection by Permissive Filing; Temporary Perfection Without Filing or Transfer of Possession

    (a)    A security interest in chattel paper, negotiable documents, instruments, or investment property may be perfected by filing.    (b)    Except as otherwise provided in § 9-315(c) and (d) for proceeds:        (1)    A security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control under § 9-314;        (2)    Except as otherwise provided in § 9-308(d), a security interest in a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under § 9-314; and        (3)    A security interest in money may be perfected only by the secured party’s taking possession under § 9-313.    (c)    While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a negotiable document covering the goods:        (1)    A security interest in the goods may be perfected by perfecting a security interest in the document; and        (2)    A security interest perfected in the document has priority over any security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during that time.    (d)    While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security interest in the goods may be perfected by:        (1)    Issuance of a document in the name of the secured party;        (2)    The bailee’s receipt of notification of the secured party’s interest; or        (3)    Filing as to the goods.    (e)    A security interest in certificated securities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or the taking of possession or control for a period of 20 days from the time it attaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under an authenticated security agreement.    (f)    A perfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession of a bailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods, remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party makes available to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the purpose of:        (1)    Ultimate sale or exchange; or        (2)    Loading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange.    (g)    A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party delivers the security certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of:        (1)    Ultimate sale or exchange; or        (2)    Presentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of transfer.    (h)    After the 20-day period specified in subsection (e), subsection (f), or subsection (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with this title.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-314 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-314 - Perfection by Control

    (a)    A security interest in investment property, deposit accounts, letter-of-credit rights, electronic chattel paper, or electronic documents may be perfected by control of the collateral under § 7-106, § 9-104, § 9-105, § 9-106, or § 9-107.    (b)    A security interest in deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, letter-of-credit rights, or electronic documents is perfected by control under § 7-106, § 9-104, § 9-105, or § 9-107 when the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control only while the secured party retains control.    (c)    A security interest in investment property is perfected by control under § 9-106 from the time the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control until:        (1)    The secured party does not have control; and        (2)    One of the following occurs:            (A)    If the collateral is a certificated security, the debtor has or acquires possession of the security certificate;            (B)    If the collateral is an uncertificated security, the issuer has registered or registers the debtor as the registered owner; or            (C)    If the collateral is a security entitlement, the debtor is or becomes the entitlement holder.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-315 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-315 - Secured Party's Rights on Disposition of Collateral and in Proceeds

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in this title and in § 2-403(2) of this article:        (1)    A security interest or agricultural lien continues in collateral notwithstanding sale, lease, license, exchange, or other disposition thereof unless the secured party authorized the disposition free of the security interest or agricultural lien; and        (2)    A security interest attaches to any identifiable proceeds of collateral.    (b)    Proceeds that are commingled with other property are identifiable proceeds:        (1)    If the proceeds are goods, to the extent provided by § 9-336; and        (2)    If the proceeds are not goods, to the extent that the secured party identifies the proceeds by a method of tracing, including application of equitable principles, that is permitted under law other than this article with respect to commingled property of the type involved.    (c)    A security interest in proceeds is a perfected security interest if the security interest in the original collateral was perfected.    (d)    A perfected security interest in proceeds becomes unperfected on the 21st day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds unless:        (1)    The following conditions are satisfied:            (A)    A filed financing statement covers the original collateral;            (B)    The proceeds are collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing in the office in which the financing statement has been filed; and            (C)    The proceeds are not acquired with cash proceeds;        (2)    The proceeds are identifiable cash proceeds; or        (3)    The security interest in the proceeds is perfected other than under subsection (c) when the security interest attaches to the proceeds or within 20 days thereafter.    (e)    If a filed financing statement covers the original collateral, a security interest in proceeds which remains perfected under subsection (d)(1) becomes unperfected at the later of:        (1)    When the effectiveness of the filed financing statement lapses under § 9-515 or is terminated under § 9-513; or        (2)    The 21st day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-317 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-317 - Interests That Take Priority Over or Take Free of Unperfected Security Interest or Agricultural Lien

    (a)    A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to the rights of:        (1)    A person entitled to priority under § 9–322; and        (2)    Except as provided in subsection (e), a person that becomes a lien creditor before the earlier of the time:            (A)    The security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; or            (B)    One of the conditions specified in § 9–203(b)(3) is met and a financing statement covering the collateral is filed.    (b)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer, other than a secured party, of tangible chattel paper, tangible documents, goods, instruments, or a certificated security takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.    (c)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a lessee of goods takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the lessee gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected.    (d)    A licensee of a general intangible or a buyer, other than a secured party, of collateral other than tangible chattel paper, tangible documents, goods, instruments, or a certificated security takes free of a security interest if the licensee or buyer gives value without knowledge of the security interest and before it is perfected.    (e)    Except as otherwise provided in §§ 9–320 and 9–321, if a person files a financing statement with respect to a purchase–money security interest before or within 20 days after the debtor receives delivery of the collateral, the security interest takes priority over the rights of a buyer, lessee, or lien creditor which arise between the time the security interest attaches and the time of filing.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-318 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-318 - No Interest Retained in Right to Payment That Is Sold; Rights and Title of Seller of Account or Chattel Paper With Respect to Creditors and Purchasers

    (a)    A debtor that has sold an account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note does not retain a legal or equitable interest in the collateral sold.    (b)    For purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of an account or chattel paper from, a debtor that has sold an account or chattel paper, while the buyer’s security interest is unperfected, the debtor is deemed to have rights and title to the account or chattel paper identical to those the debtor sold.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  9-319 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 9 - Secured Transactions|Subtitle 3 - Perfection and Priority|Section 9-319 - Rights and Title of Consignee With Respect to Creditors and Purchasers

    (a)    Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), for purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of goods from, a consignee, while the goods are in the possession of the consignee, the consignee is deemed to have rights and title to the goods identical to those the consignor had or had power to transfer.    (b)    For purposes of determining the rights of a creditor of a consignee, law other than this title determines the rights and title of a consignee while goods are in the consignee’s possession if, under this subtitle, a perfected security interest held by the consignor would have priority over the rights of the creditor.