reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 108 § 45 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108 - Criminal Offences Relative to Bills of Lading|Section 45 - Negotiation of Bill for Goods Subject to Mortgage or Lien

Section 45. A person who ships goods to which he has not title, or upon which there is a lien or mortgage, and who takes for such goods a negotiable bill which he afterward negotiates for value with intent to deceive, and without disclosing his want of title or the existence of the lien or mortgage, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.
MA Gen L ch 108 § 46 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108 - Criminal Offences Relative to Bills of Lading|Section 46 - Negotiation or Transfer of Bill When Goods Not in Carrier's Possession

Section 46. A person who with intent to deceive negotiates or transfers for value a bill, knowing that any or all of the goods which by its terms appear to have been received for transportation by the carrier which issued the bill, are not in the possession or control of such carrier, or of a connecting carrier, without disclosing this fact, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the state prison for not more than five years or in a jail or house of correction for not more than two and one half years, or both.
MA Gen L ch 108 § 47 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108 - Criminal Offences Relative to Bills of Lading|Section 47 - Inducing Carrier to Issue Bill When Goods Have Not Been Received

Section 47. A person who with intent to defraud secures the issue by a carrier of a bill, knowing that at the time of such issue, any or all of the goods described in such bill as received for transportation have not been so received by such carrier, or by an agent of such carrier or a connecting carrier, or are not under the carrier's control, by inducing an officer, agent, or servant of such carrier falsely to believe that such goods have been so received or are under the carrier's control, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the state prison for not more than five years or in a jail or house of correction for not more than two and one half years, or both.
MA Gen L ch 108 § 48 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108 - Criminal Offences Relative to Bills of Lading|Section 48 - Issuance of Unmarked Non-Negotiable Bill

Section 48. A person who with intent to defraud issues, or aids in issuing, a non-negotiable bill without the words ''not negotiable'' placed plainly upon the face thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the state prison for not more than five years or in a jail or house of correction for not more than two and one half years, or both.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 1 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 1 - Citation of Chapter

Section 1. This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Partnership Act.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 2 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 2 - Definitions

Section 2. In this chapter, ''court'' includes every court and judge having jurisdiction in the case.  ''Business'' includes every trade, occupation, or profession.  ''Bankrupt'' includes bankrupt under the Federal Bankruptcy Act or insolvent under any state insolvent law.  ''Conveyance'' includes every assignment, lease, mortgage or encumbrance.  ''Foreign registered limited liability partnership'', a registered limited liability partnership or a limited liability partnership formed pursuant to an agreement governed by the laws of another jurisdiction.  ''Real property'', includes land or any interest or estate in land.  ''Registered limited liability partnership'', a partnership registered under section forty-five and complying with section forty-six.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 3 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 3 - Knowledge and Notice; Definition

Section 3. (1) A person has ''knowledge'' of a fact within the meaning of this chapter, not only when he has actual knowledge thereof, but also when he has knowledge of such other facts as in the circumstances show bad faith.  (2) A person has ''notice'' of a fact within the meaning of this chapter when the person who claims the benefit of the notice.  (a) States the fact to such person, or  (b) Delivers through the mail, or by other means of communication, a written statement of the fact to such person or to a proper person at his place of business or residence.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 4 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 4 - Interpretation and Construction

Section 4. (1) The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law are to be strictly construed shall have no application to this chapter.  (2) The law of estoppel shall apply under this chapter.  (3) The law of agency shall apply under this chapter.  (4) This chapter shall be so interpreted and construed as to effect its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.  (5) This chapter shall not be construed so as to impair the obligations of any contract existing on January first, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, nor to affect any action or proceedings begun or right accrued before said date.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 5 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 5 - Application of Rules of Law and Equity

Section 5. In any case not provided for in this chapter the rules of law and equity, including the law merchant, shall govern.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 6 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 6 - Partnership, Defined; Application to Prior Associations; Limited Partnerships

Section 6. (1) A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners a business for profit and includes, for all purposes of the laws of the commonwealth, a registered limited liability partnership.  (2) But any association formed under any other statute of this state, or any statute adopted by authority, other than the authority of this state, is not a partnership under this chapter, unless such association would have been a partnership in this state prior to January first, nineteen hundred and twenty-three; but this chapter shall apply to limited partnerships except in so far as the statutes relating to such partnerships are inconsistent herewith.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 7 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 7 - Rules for Determining Existence of Partnership

Section 7. In determining whether a partnership exists, these rules shall apply:  (1) Except as provided by section sixteen persons who are not partners as to each other are not partners as to third persons.  (2) Joint tenancy, tenancy in common, tenancy by the entireties, joint property, common property, or part ownership does not of itself establish a partnership, whether such co-owners do or do not share any profits made by the use of the property.  (3) The sharing of gross returns does not of itself establish a partnership, whether or not the persons sharing them have a joint or common right or interest in any property from which the returns are derived.  (4) The receipt by a person of a share of the profits of a business is prima facie evidence that he is a partner in the business, but no such inference shall be drawn if such profits were received in payment:  (a) Of a debt by instalments or otherwise,  (b) As wages of an employee or rent to a landlord,  (c) As an annuity to a widow or representative of a deceased partner,  (d) As interest on a loan, though the amount of payment vary with the profits of the business,  (e) As the consideration for the sale of the good will of a business or other property by instalments or otherwise.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 8 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 8 - Partnership Property; Acquisition and Conveyance

Section 8. (1) All property originally brought into the partnership stock or subsequently acquired, by purchase or otherwise, on account of the partnership is partnership property.  (2) Unless the contrary intention appears, property acquired with partnership funds is partnership property.  (3) Any estate in real property may be acquired in the partnership name. Title so acquired can be conveyed only in the partnership name.  (4) A conveyance to a partnership in the partnership name, though without words of inheritance, passes the entire estate of the grantor unless a contrary intent appears.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 9 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 9 - Partner as Agent of Partnership; Authority

Section 9. (1) Every partner is an agent of the partnership for the purpose of its business, and the act of every partner, including the execution in the partnership name of any instrument, for apparently carrying on in the usual way the business of the partnership of which he is a member binds the partnership, unless the partner so acting has in fact no authority to act for the partnership in the particular matter, and the person with whom he is dealing has knowledge of the fact that he has no such authority.  (2) An act of a partner which is not apparently for the carrying on of the business of the partnership in the usual way does not bind the partnership unless authorized by the other partners.  (3) Unless authorized by the other partners or unless they have abandoned the business, one or more but less than all the partners have no authority to:  (a) Assign the partnership property in trust for creditors or on the assignee's promise to pay the debts of the partnership,  (b) Dispose of the good will of the business,  (c) Do any other act which would make it impossible to carry on the ordinary business of the partnership,  (d) Confess a judgment,  (e) Submit a partnership claim or liability to arbitration or reference.  (4) No act of a partner in contravention of a restriction on his authority shall bind the partnership to persons having knowledge of the restriction.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 10 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 10 - Conveyance to Title to Realty

Section 10. (1) Where title to real property is in the partnership name, any partner may convey title to such property by a conveyance executed in the partnership name; but the partnership may recover such property unless the partner's act binds the partnership under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section nine, or unless such property has been conveyed by the grantee or a person claiming through such grantee to a holder for value without knowledge that the partner, in making the conveyance, has exceeded his authority.  (2) Where title to real property is in the name of the partnership, a conveyance executed by a partner, in his own name, passes the equitable interest of the partnership, provided the act is one within the authority of the partner under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section nine.  (3) Where title to real property is in the name of one or more but not all the partners, and the record does not disclose the right of the partnership, the partners in whose name the title stands may convey title to such property, but the partnership may recover such property if the partners' act does not bind the partnership under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section nine, unless the purchaser or his assignee is a holder for value, without knowledge.  (4) Where the title to real property is in the name of one or more of all the partners, or in a third person in trust for the partnership, a conveyance executed by a partner in the partnership name, or in his own name, passes the equitable interest of the partnership, provided the act is one within the authority of the partner under the provisions of paragraph (1) of section nine.  (5) Where the title to real property is in the names of all the partners a conveyance executed by all the partners passes all their rights in such property.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 11 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 11 - Admissions and Representations

Section 11. An admission or representation made by any partner concerning partnership affairs within the scope of his authority as conferred by this chapter is evidence against the partnership.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 12 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 12 - Notice to and Knowledge of Partner; Imputation to Partnership

Section 12. Notice to any partner of any matter relating to partnership affairs, and the knowledge of the partner acting in the particular matter, acquired while a partner or then present to his mind, and the knowledge of any other partner who reasonably could and should have communicated it to the acting partner operate as notice to or knowledge of the partnership, except in the case of a fraud on the partnership committed by or with the consent of that partner.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 13 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 13 - Liability of Partnership for Wrongful Acts of Partners

Section 13. Where, by any wrongful act or omission of any partner acting in the ordinary course of the business of the partnership, or with the authority of his co-partners, loss or injury is caused to any person, not being a partner in the partnership, or any penalty is incurred, the partnership is liable therefor to the same extent as the partner so acting or omitting to act.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 14 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 14 - Liability of Partnership for Partner's Misapplication of Money or Property

Section 14. The partnership is bound to make good the loss:  (a) Where one partner acting within the scope of his apparent authority receives money or property of a third person and misapplies it; and  (b) Where the partnership in the course of its business receives money or property of a third person and the money or property so received is misapplied by any partner while it is in the custody of the partnership.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 15 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 15 - Joint and Several Liability of Partners

Section 15. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), all partners are liable:  (a) Jointly and severally for everything chargeable to the partnership under sections thirteen and fourteen.  (b) Jointly for all other debts and obligations of the partnership; but any partner may enter into a separate obligation to perform a partnership contract.  (2) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3), a partner in a registered limited liability partnership shall not be personally liable directly or indirectly, including, without limitation, by way of indemnification, contribution, assessment or otherwise, for debts, obligations and liabilities of or chargeable to such partnership, whether in tort, contract or otherwise arising while the partnership is a registered limited liability partnership.  (3) Paragraph (2) shall not affect (a) the liability of a partner in a registered limited liability partnership arising in whole or in part from such partner's own negligence, wrongful acts, errors or omissions, (b) the availability of partnership property to satisfy debts, obligations and liabilities of the partnership or (c) the persons on whom process may be served in an action against the partnership.  (4) Notwithstanding paragraphs (2) and (3), the personal liability of a partner in a limited liability partnership engaged in the rendering of professional services shall not be less than the personal liability of a shareholder of a professional corporation organized under chapter one hundred and fifty-six A engaged in the rendering of the same professional services.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 16 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 16 - Misrepresentation of Self as Partner; Liability

Section 16. (1) When a person, by words spoken or written or by conduct, represents himself, or consents to another representing him to any one, as a partner in an existing partnership or with one or more persons not actual partners, he is liable to any such person to whom such representation has been made, who has, on the faith of such representation, given credit to the actual or apparent partnership, and if he has made such representation or consented to its being made in a public manner he is liable to such person, whether the representation has or has not been made or communicated to such person so giving credit by or with the knowledge of the apparent partner making the representation or consenting to its being made.  (a) When a partnership liability results he is liable as though he were an actual member of the partnership.  (b) When no partnership liability results he is liable jointly with the other persons, if any, so consenting to the contract or representation as to incur liability, otherwise separately.  (2) When a person has been thus represented to be a partner in an existing partnership, or with one or more persons not actual partners, he is an agent of the persons consenting to such representation to bind them to the same extent and in the same manner as though he were a partner in fact, with respect to persons who rely upon the representation. Where all the members of the existing partnership consent to the representation, a partnership act or obligation results; but in all other cases it is the joint act or obligation of the person acting and the persons consenting to the representation.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 17 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 17 - Liability of New Partner for Partnership Obligations

Section 17. A person admitted as a partner into an existing partnership is liable for all the obligations of the partnership arising before his admission as though he had been a partner when such obligations were incurred, except that this liability shall be satisfied only out of partnership property.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 18 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 18 - Rights and Duties of Partners

Section 18. The rights and duties of the partners in relation to the partnership shall be determined, subject to any agreement between them, by the following rules:  (a) Each partner shall be repaid his contributions, whether by way of capital or advances to the partnership property, and share equally in the profits and surplus remaining after all liabilities, including those to partners, are satisfied; and except as provided in section fifteen, each partner must contribute towards the losses, whether of capital or otherwise, sustained by the partnership according to his share in the profits.  (b) The partnership must indemnify every partner in respect of payments made and personal liabilities reasonably incurred by him in the ordinary and proper conduct of its business, or for the preservation of its business or property.  (c) A partner, who in aid of the partnership makes any payment or advance beyond the amount of capital which he agreed to contribute, shall be paid interest from the date of the payment or advance.  (d) A partner shall receive interest on the capital contributed by him only from the date when repayment should be made.  (e) All partners have equal rights in the management and conduct of the partnership business.  (f) No partner is entitled to remuneration for acting in the partnership business, except that a surviving partner is entitled to reasonable compensation for his services in winding up the partnership affairs.  (g) No person can become a member of a partnership without the consent of all the partners.  (h) Any difference arising as to ordinary matters connected with the partnership business may be decided by a majority of the partners; but no act in contravention of any agreement between the partners may be done rightfully without the consent of all the partners.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 19 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 19 - Partnership Books; Right of Inspection

Section 19. The partnership books shall be kept, subject to any agreement between the partners, at the principal place of business of the partnership, and every partner shall at all times have access to and may inspect and copy any of them.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 20 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 20 - Disclosure of Information on Demand

Section 20. Partners shall render on demand true and full information of all things affecting the partnership to any partner or the legal representative of any deceased partner or partner under legal disability.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 21 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 21 - Accounting of Partner to Partnership; Profits; Personal Representative of Deceased Partner

Section 21. (1) Every partner must account to the partnership for any benefit, and hold as trustee for it any profits derived by him without the consent of the other partners from any transaction connected with the formation, conduct or liquidation of the partnership or from any use by him of its property.  (2) This section applies also to the representatives of a deceased partner engaged in the liquidation of the affairs of the partnership as the personal representatives of the last surviving partner.
MA Gen L ch 108a § 22 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XV - Regulation of Trade|Chapter 108a - Partnerships|Section 22 - Partner's Right to Formal Accounting

Section 22. Any partner shall have the right to a formal account as to partnership affairs:  (a) If he is wrongfully excluded from the partnership business or possession of its property by his co-partners,  (b) If the right exists under the terms of any agreement,  (c) As provided by section twenty-one,  (d) Whenever other circumstances render it just and reasonable.