reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
WI Stat § 82.14 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.14 - Acquiring rights to land; damages from discontinuance.

82.14  Acquiring rights to land; damages from discontinuance. (1) Unless the acquisition can be made by mutual agreement, the town board shall utilize the procedures under s. 32.05 to acquire rights to land for the purpose of laying out or altering a town highway. (2) If lands acquired by contract for highway purposes are encumbered, and the owners of the fee and of the encumbrance do not agree on the allocation of any damages to be paid due to the taking, the damages may be paid to the clerk of the circuit court of the county in which the land is located. Upon the application of any interested party and upon not less than 5 days' written notice to the other party, the court may apportion the damages paid to the clerk among the parties.  (3) An owner of property abutting on a discontinued highway whose property is damaged by the discontinuance may recover damages as provided in ch. 32. History:  2003 a. 214 ss. 82, 164.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.15 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.15 - Appeal of a highway order.

82.15  Appeal of a highway order. Any person aggrieved by a highway order, or a refusal to issue such an order, may seek judicial review under s. 68.13. If the highway is on the line between 2 counties, the appeal may be in the circuit court of either county. History:  2003 a. 214.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.The judge's role is administrative and not judicial. Entry of judgment is beyond a circuit judge's jurisdiction under this section. Town Board of Taycheedah v. Webb, 118 Wis. 2d 362, 348 N.W.2d 591 (Ct. App. 1984).NOTE:  The above annotation cites to s. 80.17, the predecessor statute to this section.This section contemplates certiorari review under s. 68.13 as the prescribed method for review of a highway order or of a refusal to issue such an order. Section 68.13 establishes both the procedure and a time limit for seeking review of a highway order under most circumstances. Inasmuch as the plaintiffs were seeking a determination that a town's refusal to issue a highway order was not in accordance with law, they should have proceeded under s. 68.13. Dawson v. Town of Jackson, 2011 WI 77, 336 Wis. 2d 318, 801 N.W.2d 316, 09-0120.The 30-day period during which certiorari review is available for a town board's highway order to lay out, alter, or discontinue a highway begins to run on the date that the highway order is recorded by the register of deeds. Pulera v. Town of Richmond, 2017 WI 61, 375 Wis. 2d 676, 896 N.W.2d 342, 15-1016.
WI Stat § 82.16 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.16 - Highway orders; presumptions.

82.16  Highway orders; presumptions. (1) Every order laying out, altering, or discontinuing a highway under this chapter, and any order restoring the record of a highway, shall be presumptive evidence of the facts therein stated and of the regularity of all the proceedings prior to the making of the order. (2) The validity of an order described in sub. (1), if fair on its face, is not open to collateral attack, but may be challenged in an action brought under s. 82.15.  (3) It shall be presumed that a release was given by the owners of the lands over which the highway was laid out and the public shall be entitled to use the full width of the highway, as laid out, without further compensation if all of the following apply:(a) An order laying out the highway has been filed for more than 30 years.(b) No award of damages or agreement or release has been filed.(c) The highway, or a part of the highway, has been used by the public and public money has been expended on the highway for at least 5 years. History:  1979 c. 323; 2003 a. 214 ss. 94 to 96, 166; Stats. 2003 s. 82.16; 2003 a. 327.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.17 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.17 - Highway papers, where filed.

82.17  Highway papers, where filed. All applications, orders, awards, bonds, and other papers relating to the laying out, altering, or discontinuing of highways under this chapter shall be promptly filed in the office of the town, city, or village clerk where the highway is located, except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter.History:  2003 a. 214 s. 93; Stats. 2003 s. 82.17.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.18 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.18 - Width of highways.

82.18  Width of highways. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, highways laid out under this chapter shall be laid out at least 66 feet wide unless, in the town board's discretion, that width is impractical. If the town board determines that a 66-foot width is impractical, the width shall be determined by the town board but shall be at least 49.5 feet in width. When no width is specified in the highway order, the highway shall be 66 feet wide. History:  1999 a. 97; 2003 a. 214 s. 43; Stats. 2003 s. 82.18.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.19 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.19 - Discontinuance of highways.

82.19  Discontinuance of highways. (1) An unrecorded highway, or any part of an unrecorded highway, that has become or is in the process of becoming a public highway by user in any town may be discontinued using the procedures under ss. 82.10 to 82.12. Any proceedings to discontinue an unrecorded highway shall not be evidence of the acceptance at any time by the town of the highway or any part of the highway. (2) (a) Every highway shall cease to be a public highway 4 years from the date on which it was laid out, except the parts of the highway that have been opened, traveled, or worked within that time.(b)1. In this paragraph, “ vehicular travel" means travel using any motor vehicle required to be registered under ch. 341 or exempt from registration under s. 341.05.2. Any highway that has been entirely abandoned as a route of vehicular travel, and on which no highway funds have been expended for 5 years, shall be considered discontinued.(c) This subsection does not apply to state or county trunk highways or to any highway, street, alley, or right-of-way that provides public access to a navigable lake or stream. History:  2003 a. 214 ss. 83 to 85, 92, 167.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.Whether a highway has been entirely abandoned for a discontinuation to occur under sub. (2) depends on whether the highway has remained open to all who had occasion to use it. Even if a single family and their guests used the highway, that could be sufficient to keep it from being abandoned. Lange v. Tumm, 2000 WI App 160, 237 Wis. 2d 752, 615 N.W.2d 187, 99-3247.An owner may not convert a public highway to a private road by taking control of the road and leading others to believe that they need permission to use it, even when the state or local government has discontinued maintenance of the road. A public highway is not entirely abandoned if it is used only by the owner of the land over which the highway lies. Under sub. (2), the identity of the user is irrelevant. Markos v. Schaller, 2003 WI App 174, 266 Wis. 2d 470, 668 N.W.2d 755, 02-1824.That a roadway was overgrown and difficult or impossible for vehicles to travel without damage and that members of the public sought permission to use the road were considerations that underpinned a finding that the road was not open to all. Povolny v. Totzke, 2003 WI App 184, 266 Wis. 2d 852, 668 N.W.2d 834, 02-3011.NOTE:  The above annotations cite to s. 80.32 (1) or (2), the predecessor statutes to s. 82.19.To establish abandonment under this section, the higher burden of proof of clear and convincing evidence, rather than the lower preponderance of the evidence standard, must be applied. Town of Schoepke v. Rustick, 2006 WI App 222, 296 Wis. 2d 471, 723 N.W. 2d 770, 05-3183.
WI Stat § 82.20 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.20 - Removal of fences from highway; notice.

82.20  Removal of fences from highway; notice. (1) If the town board issues an order to lay out or alter a highway through enclosed, cultivated, or improved lands, the town board or highway superintendent shall give the owner or occupant of the lands through which the proposed highway will pass written notice of its, his, or her intent to remove the fences in the path of the new or altered highway. The notice shall state when the town board or highway superintendent intends to remove the fences, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date on which the notice was given to the owner or occupant. If the owner or occupant does not remove the fences before the time stated in the notice, the town board or highway superintendent shall remove the fences and may charge the landowner for the costs of the removal under s. 66.0627. (2) The notice under sub. (1) shall not be sent until the time for filing an appeal under s. 82.15 has expired and no appeal was taken or until all appeals under s. 82.15 have been brought to a final determination.  (3) This section does not authorize the opening of a highway through enclosed, cultivated, or improved lands or the removal of fences between May 15 and September 15, except in cases of emergency to be determined by the town board. History:  1991 a. 316; 1999 a. 97; 2003 a. 214 ss. 77 to 79; Stats. 2003 s. 82.20.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.23 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.23 - Municipal line bridges.

82.23  Municipal line bridges. Unless otherwise provided by statute or agreement, every highway bridge on a city, village, or town boundary shall be repaired and maintained by any adjoining municipality in which the bridge is located. The cost of repairs and maintenance shall be paid by the adjoining municipalities in proportion to the last equalized valuation of the property in the adjoining municipalities. History:  2003 a. 214 s. 54.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.25 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.25 - Highway taxes for limited-use road.

82.25  Highway taxes for limited-use road. Notwithstanding s. 60.10 (1) (a) and (2) (a), the town board may levy and collect a tax on property located in a recorded and filed plat that existed on January 1, 2003, situated in a town requiring the approval of such town board, and adjoining a private road used by the public located therein, and on property adjoining, where the owner regularly uses such road which is not a portion of any town, county, state, or federal highway system, not exceeding 3 mills for each dollar of assessed valuation thereof. The proceeds of the tax shall be expended for the improvement and maintenance of any private roads used by the public located within the recorded and filed plat. The town board shall not expend any of the funds collected under this section upon a private driveway. History:  1985 a. 29; 1991 a. 316; 1997 a. 35; 1999 a. 96; 2003 a. 214 s. 129.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.28 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.28 - Highways and bridges on state boundaries.

82.28  Highways and bridges on state boundaries. The board of any town or county that is bounded in part by a river or a highway that is also a state boundary line may enter into an agreement with any adjoining municipality or county in the other state for the maintenance, construction, and reconstruction of boundary line highways and bridges. The costs shall be apportioned by agreement. History:  2003 a. 214.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.29 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.29 - Highways abutted by state park lands; discontinuance or relocation.

82.29  Highways abutted by state park lands; discontinuance or relocation. Any part of a highway lying wholly within state park lands may be discontinued or relocated by the state agency having jurisdiction over the state park by filing written notice of the discontinuance or relocation with the clerk of the municipality that has jurisdiction over the highway and upon approval by the municipality after holding a hearing as provided in s. 82.10. No discontinuance or relocation under this section may deprive a landowner of all highway access. This section does not apply to state trunk highways or connecting highways.History:  1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (3); 2003 a. 214 s. 30; Stats. 2003 s. 82.29.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.33 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.33 - Lost records; how restored; effect.

82.33  Lost records; how restored; effect. (1) Whenever the record of the laying out of any highway has been lost or destroyed, the board of the town in which the highway is located, upon notice being served in accordance with s. 82.10 (4), may make a new record of the highway. The notice shall state the time when and the place where the board will decide whether to make the new record. The notice shall contain a legal description of the highway for which the proposed record will be made and a scale map of the land that would be affected. Notice need not be given to persons who waive the notice or consent to the issuance of the order. (2) At the time and place stated in the notice, the town board shall hold a public hearing regarding the proposed new record, and shall make a new record as it considers proper. If the board finds that the highway is a legal highway, the record of which has been lost or destroyed, the board shall issue a written order stating those facts and specifying the course, width, and other pertinent description of the highway. The order shall be filed with the town clerk and recorded in the office of the register of deeds for the county in which the highway is located. Any number of highways may be included in one notice or order under this section. A failure or refusal to make a new record for any highway does not preclude a subsequent proceeding for that purpose. (3) Any person through whose land a highway described in an order filed under sub. (2) passes may appeal under s. 82.15 on the grounds that the highway described in the order was not a legal highway in fact. No person may call into question the regularity of proceedings under this section except owners of land on whom notice should have been served but in fact was not and persons claiming under those owners.History:  1999 a. 97; 2003 a. 214 s. 98; Stats. 2003 s. 82.33.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.35 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.35 - Temporary highways and detours; damages.

82.35  Temporary highways and detours; damages. (1) The town board, upon its own motion, may lay out and open temporary highways through any lands in the following situations:(a) When any highway is practically impassable or dangerous to travel.(b) When the town board considers it necessary to suspend travel on a highway or on any part of a highway due to construction, repair, or other reasons. (2) (a) The board may contract in writing with the owner or lessee of any land through which it proposes to lay out a temporary highway, as to the location of the highway, and the damages that the owner or lessee is to receive. The contract shall be filed with the town clerk.(b) In the absence of a contract under par. (a), the board shall determine the location of the temporary highway and the award of damages. Unless an emergency exists, the board shall serve the landowner with notice of the location of the highway and the award of damages and shall provide the landowner with 48 hours to object. The town board shall file a written order with the town clerk specifying the location of the temporary highway and the damages awarded.(c) The owner or occupant of any land occupied by a temporary highway may, at any time after it is opened and within 30 days after it is vacated or discontinued, apply to the town board to determine the owner's or occupant's damages.  (3) If a temporary highway is opened in connection with or on account of road or bridge construction, the damages agreed upon or awarded pursuant to this section may be treated as part of the construction cost and paid out of the construction funds.  (4) A temporary highway shall exist only so long as needed and shall be considered vacated and discontinued when the permanent highway is again opened for public travel. History:  1991 a. 316; 2003 a. 214 ss. 124 to 127, 172; Stats. 2003 s. 82.35.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.37 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.37 - Tunnel under highway by landowner.

82.37  Tunnel under highway by landowner. The owner of land on both sides of a town highway may construct a tunnel under the highway, and may erect fences that are necessary for the use of the tunnel. The tunnel shall not interfere with or endanger travel on the highway. The owner shall maintain the tunnel and shall be liable for all damages that occur as a result of the failure to keep the tunnel in repair. Unless authorized by a town meeting, the tunnel shall not be less than 25 feet in length. The electors of the town at an annual town meeting may authorize the construction of a tunnel that is less than 25 feet, but at least 16 feet in length. History:  1989 a. 56, 359; 2003 a. 214 s. 138; Stats. 2003 s. 82.37.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.50 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.50 - Town road standards.

82.50  Town road standards. (1) The following minimum geometric design standards are established for improvements on town roads: - See PDF for table (a) Local service, intermittent traffic1. Right-of-way   3 rods2. Roadway width   20 feet3. Surface width   16 feet(b) Under 100 ADT1. Right-of-way   3 rods2. Roadway width   24 feet3. Surface width   18 feet4. Maximum grades   9 percent-11 percent(c) 100 to 250 ADT1. Right-of-way   4 rods2. Roadway width   26 feet3. Surface width   20 feet4. Maximum grades   8 percent-11 percent(d) 251 to 400 ADT1. Right-of-way   4 rods2. Roadway width   32 feet3. Surface width   22 feet4. Maximum grades   6 percent-8 percent5. Curvature   6°-12.5°(e) 401 to 1,000 ADT1. Right-of-way   4 rods2. Roadway width   34 feet3. Surface width   22 feet4. Maximum grades   5 percent-8 percent5. Curvature   5 °-12.5° (f) 1,001 to 2,400 ADT1. Right-of-way   4 rods2. Roadway width   44 feet3. Surface width   24 feet4. Maximum grades   5 percent-7 percent5. Curvature   4.5°-7.5° (g) Over 2,400     State trunk standards (2) The department may approve deviations from the minimum standards in special cases where the strict application of the standards is impractical and where such deviation is not contrary to the public interest and safety and the intent of this section. (3) This section does not apply to improvements on town roads existing on October 1, 1992.History:  1981 c. 20; 1987 a. 137 s. 6; 1989 a. 56; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 490; 1999 a. 85; 2003 a. 214 s. 182; Stats. 2003 s. 82.50.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.This section vests in a town a certain degree of discretion with respect to complying with minimum standards for town roads. Nothing in the statutes controls the circumstances in which a town may apply for a deviation under sub. (2), which indicates that the application is left to the town's discretion. DSG Evergreen Family Limited Partnership v. Town of Perry, 2020 WI 23, 390 Wis. 2d 533, 939 N.W.2d 564, 17-2352.Sub. (1) does not impose obligations on a town that are susceptible to a declaration of rights, nor does it create a private cause of action by which a plaintiff can recover damages for an alleged failure to construct a proper road. DSG Evergreen Family Limited Partnership v. Town of Perry, 2020 WI 23, 390 Wis. 2d 533, 939 N.W.2d 564, 17-2352.
WI Stat § 82.51 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.51 - Rules for town road bridge standards.

82.51  Rules for town road bridge standards. The department shall establish by rule uniform minimum design standards for the improvement of town road bridges.History:  1981 c. 20; 1987 a. 137 s. 6; 2003 a. 214 s. 83; Stats. 2003 s. 82.51.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 82.52 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 82 - Town highways.|82.52 - Rules for town road standards.

82.52  Rules for town road standards. The department shall establish by rule uniform minimum geometric standards for the improvement of existing town roads.History:  1991 a. 39; 2003 a. 214 s. 184; Stats. 2003 s. 82.52.NOTE:  2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.
WI Stat § 83.001 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 83 - County highways.|83.001 - Definition.

83.001  Definition. In this chapter, “department" means the department of transportation.History:  1985 a. 223.
WI Stat § 83.013 (2021)
2021 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations|Chapter 83 - County highways.|83.013 - County traffic safety commissions.

83.013  County traffic safety commissions. (1) (a) For each county, the county highway commissioner or a designated representative, the chief county traffic law enforcement officer or a designated representative, the county highway safety coordinator, and a representative designated by the county board from each of the disciplines of education, medicine and law and 3 representatives involved in law enforcement, highways and highway safety designated by the secretary of transportation shall comprise a traffic safety commission that shall meet at least quarterly to review traffic accident data from the county and other traffic safety related matters. The county board chairperson, or the county executive or county administrator in a county having such offices, may appoint additional persons to serve as a member of the county traffic safety commission. The commissions shall designate a person to prepare and maintain a spot map showing the locations of traffic accidents on county and town roads and on city and village streets if the population of the city or village is less than 5,000 and to maintain traffic accident data received from cities, villages and towns with a population of 5,000 or more under s. 66.0141. Upon each review, the commission shall make written recommendations for any corrective actions it deems appropriate to the department, the county board, the county highway committee or any other appropriate branch of local government.(b) Counties may combine for the purposes of par. (a), if desired.(c) The commissions shall file a report on each meeting with the department. (2) The department shall furnish each commission with traffic accident data and uniform traffic citation data for the rural, federal, state, and county highways in the jurisdictions represented in each commission, which shall identify the accident rates and arrest rates on their highways, and shall also furnish a suitable map for use in spotting accidents.History:  1971 c. 125, 279; 1975 c. 381, 421; 1977 c. 29; 1981 c. 314; 1983 a. 291; 1985 a. 223 s. 5; 1993 a. 246; 1997 a. 27; 1999 a. 150 s. 672.