reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
HI Rev Stat § 709-901 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|709. Offenses Against the Family and Against Incompetents|709-901 Concealing the corpse of an infant. §709-901 Commentary:

  §709-901 Concealing the corpse of an infant. (1) A person commits the offense of concealing the corpse of an infant if the person conceals the corpse of a new-born child with intent to conceal the fact of its birth or to prevent a determination of whether it was born dead or alive.  (2) Concealing the corpse of an infant is a misdemeanor. [L 1972, c 9, pt of §1; gen ch 1993] COMMENTARY ON §709-901  Concealing an infant corpse makes impossible the determination of whether or not criminal conduct was involved in the failure of the fetus to be born alive or in the failure of the infant to continue to live. When an infant corpse is found after it has been hidden, the decomposition of the corpse makes it impossible to determine beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) whether the fetus had been born alive before it met its death (in which case the fetus would be a "person" as that term is defined in chapter 707, which covers in part, crimes involving homicide); (2) whether, if born alive, the death resulted from murder, manslaughter, negligent homicide, or other causes; and (3) whether, if not born alive, the pregnancy was terminated by an illegal abortion. Therefore it is advisable to have a residual section making it an offense to conceal the corpse of a new-born child.  Previous Hawaii law on this subject was too restricted.[1] It seems unwise to limit the offense to cases in which the actor was the mother of the fetus or infant and in which, if born alive, the infant would be illegitimate. Although most cases of concealment might present these circumstances, it seems entirely possible that some cases might not. An infant or fetus conceived in wedlock may be concealed by its mother or some other individual. Moreover, the Code rejects limiting the offense to conduct of the mother only.  [A] limitation of coverage to the mother is unwise, since someone else may conceal the birth. Of course, if the mother and a relative or friend conspire to conceal the birth, accomplice responsibility brings the latter within the ambit of criminal law. But cases are on record in other states in which[,] without the knowledge of the mother and while she was still disoriented because of the childbirth process, relatives have taken the fetus away and concealed it. Accomplice responsibility does not arise in this case, but the need for inclusion is obvious.2  The Code enlarges the offense and eliminates restrictions in its coverage which seem clearly inconsistent with its purpose. __________  §709-901 Commentary: 1. H.R.S. §768-8, which provided: "If any woman conceals the death of any issue of her body, whether born alive or not, which, if born alive, would have been illegitimate, so that it may not be known whether the issue was born alive or not, or whether it was murdered, she shall be fined not more than $100 and imprisoned at hard labor not more than two years." 2. Prop. Mich. Rev. Cr. Code, comments at 500.
HI Rev Stat § 709-903.5 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|709. Offenses Against the Family and Against Incompetents|709-903.5 Endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree.

  §709-903.5 Endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a person commits the offense of endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree if, having care or custody of a minor, the person:  (a) Intentionally or knowingly allows another person to inflict serious or substantial bodily injury on the minor; or  (b) Intentionally or knowingly causes or permits the minor to inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the minor's body any controlled substance listed in sections 329-14, 329-16, 329-18, and 329-20 that has not been prescribed by a physician for the minor, except as permitted under section 329-122.  (2) It shall be a defense to prosecution under sections 709-903.5(1) and 709-904(1) if, at the time the person allowed another to inflict serious or substantial bodily injury on a minor, the person reasonably believed the person would incur serious or substantial bodily injury in acting to prevent the infliction of serious or substantial bodily injury on the minor.  (3) Endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree is a class C felony. [L 1986, c 314, §70; am L 2006, c 249, §1; am L 2008, c 81, §1] Revision Note  In subsection (2), "709-904(1)" substituted for "709-704(1)". COMMENTARY ON §709-903.5  Act 314, Session Laws 1986, provided that a person is criminally liable for intentionally or knowingly allowing another person to inflict serious or substantial bodily harm on a minor. Persons charged with this offense may defend on the ground that they reasonably believed they would incur serious or substantial bodily injury by acting to prevent the harm to the minor. Conference Committee Report No. 51-86.  Act 249, Session Laws 2006, expanded the crime of endangering the welfare of a minor in the first degree to include causing or permitting a minor to ingest methamphetamine. Conference Committee Report No. 84-06.  Act 81, Session Laws 2008, amended subsection (1) to include in the offense causing or permitting a minor to inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the minor's body, any controlled substance listed in schedules I through IV not prescribed by a physician, excluding the medical use of marijuana. The legislature found that the Act would provide greater protection for the health and safety of the children of Hawaii, and was necessary because of the high risk of injury caused by the ingestion of schedule I, II, III, and IV controlled substances. Conference Committee Report No. 55-08, Senate Standing Committee Report No. 3415.
HI Rev Stat § 709-904.5 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|709. Offenses Against the Family and Against Incompetents|709-904.5 Compensation by an adult of juveniles for crimes; grade or class of offense increased.

  §709-904.5 Compensation by an adult of juveniles for crimes; grade or class of offense increased. (1) A person other than a juvenile commits the offense of compensation of a juvenile for a crime if the person intentionally or knowingly compensates, offers to compensate, or agrees to compensate any juvenile for the commission of any criminal offense.  (2) Any person convicted of compensating, offering to compensate, or agreeing to compensate a juvenile for the commission of a:  (a) Petty misdemeanor shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor;  (b) Misdemeanor shall be deemed guilty of a class C felony;  (c) Class C felony shall be deemed guilty of a class B felony;  (d) Class B or class A felony shall be deemed guilty of a class A felony.  (3) It is not a defense to a prosecution under subsection (1) that the accused had no knowledge of the juvenile's age. The intent is to impose absolute liability with respect to the element of the other person's being less than eighteen years old.  (4) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings:  "Compensate" means to confer any benefit or pecuniary benefit.  "Juvenile" means any person under eighteen years of age. [L 1986, c 314, §72] Revision Note  Section was enacted as an addition to chapter 710 but was renumbered to this chapter pursuant to §23G-15. COMMENTARY ON §709-904.5  Act 314, Session Laws 1986, provided for enhanced sentences for an adult offering to pay a juvenile to commit a crime. This offense is aimed at deterring adults from inducing juveniles to engage in criminal activity, a practice frequently used because juveniles are generally given lesser sentences than those for adults for the same crime. Conference Committee Report No. 51-86. Case Notes  Defendant could not be convicted for compensating juvenile for defendant's commission of sexual assault against juvenile. 85 H. 92 (App.), 937 P.2d 933 (1997).
HI Rev Stat § 709-905 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|709. Offenses Against the Family and Against Incompetents|709-905 Endangering the welfare of an incompetent person.

  §709-905 Endangering the welfare of an incompetent person. (1) A person commits the offense of endangering the welfare of an incompetent person if he knowingly acts in a manner likely to be injurious to the physical or mental welfare of a person who is unable to care for himself because of physical or mental disease, disorder, or defect.  (2) Endangering the welfare of an incompetent person is a misdemeanor. [L 1972, c 9, pt of §1] COMMENTARY ON §709-905  This section seeks to expand the protection which the law affords to incompetents by making it roughly equivalent to that afforded to minors. A child who suffers from a mental or physical disease, disorder, or defect is protected as a child from certain dangers by § §709-902 through 904 which make abandonment, persistent nonsupport, and endangering the welfare of a minor penal offenses. A person who is physically incapacitated or mentally incompetent is afforded protection against sexual assault and abuse by chapter 707, which makes such conduct, as it relates to such persons, an offense. However, in cases not involving sexual activity or not specifically involving minors under § §709-902 through 904, there is, without §709-905, a gap in the coverage of the Code. This gap also existed in prior law. Case Notes  Family court did not abuse its discretion by requiring defendant to attend domestic violence counseling as a condition of defendant's probation; where defendant was charged with endangering the welfare of an incompetent person under this section based on substantial evidence that defendant assaulted complainant, under §706-624(2), the court was free to impose discretionary conditions of probation that are reasonably related to the factors set forth in §706-606 and to the extent that the conditions involve only deprivations of liberty as is reasonably necessary for the purposes indicated in §706-606(2). 121 H. 228 (App.), 216 P.3d 1251 (2009).  Section is not unconstitutionally vague or overbroad; under a plain reading of this section, the phrase "likely to be injurious" is reasonably clear and provides sufficient notice to a person of ordinary intelligence that knowingly engaging in conduct that would probably cause harm to an incompetent person's welfare is prohibited; section is also clear that the accused must wilfully engage in conduct that would likely harm the incompetent person's welfare, "which is the antithesis of an intentional act that may injure but is performed in the incompetent person's best interest". 121 H. 228 (App.), 216 P.3d 1251 (2009).  Where witness testimonies, particularly when viewed in the light strongest for the State, substantially supported the findings that complainant was unable to care for complainant's self because of a mental disability and defendant knew defendant's actions were likely to injure complainant's physical or mental welfare, there was sufficient evidence to convict defendant under this section. 121 H. 228 (App.), 216 P.3d 1251 (2009).
HI Rev Stat § 709-907 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|709. Offenses Against the Family and Against Incompetents|709-907 REPEALED.

  §709-907 REPEALED. L 1983, c 248, §2.
HI Rev Stat § 709-908 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|709. Offenses Against the Family and Against Incompetents|709-908 REPEALED.

  §709-908 REPEALED. L 2016, c 231, §45. Cross References  For present provision, see §712-1258.
HI Rev Stat § 710-1001 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|710. Offenses Against Public Administration|710-1001 Forfeiture of property used as benefit or pecuniary benefit in the commission of an offense defined in this chapter. §710-1001 Commentary:

  §710-1001 Forfeiture of property used as benefit or pecuniary benefit in the commission of an offense defined in this chapter. Any property offered, conferred, agreed to be conferred, or accepted as a benefit, pecuniary benefit, or compensation in the commission of an offense defined in this chapter is forfeited, subject to the requirements of chapter 712A, to the State. [L 1972, c 9, pt of §1; am L 1989, c 261, §21] COMMENTARY ON §710-1001  This section is derived from the previous law on the forfeiture of bribery money.[1] Since this chapter deals with additional kindred offenses, e.g., compounding, giving and receiving unlawful compensation, giving and receiving improper gifts, unlawful assistance of a private interest, and obtaining unlawful assistance of a public servant, the forfeiture is expressed in general terms to cover all sections in which property is offered, conferred, agreed to be conferred, or accepted as a benefit, pecuniary benefit, or compensation in the commission of an offense defined in this chapter. The mere solicitation or agreement to accept property would not, of course, work a forfeiture.  The forfeiture is specifically made subject to the requirements of §701-119 which embodies a single procedure for the establishment of all forfeitures declared by the Penal Code. The procedure provides, as did the previous law,2 for the protection of innocent owners of property which is involved in the commission of an offense. __________  §710-1001 Commentary: 1. H.R.S. §725-8. 2. See id. § §725-8 to 725-11.
HI Rev Stat § 710-1010.5 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|710. Offenses Against Public Administration|710-1010.5 Interference with reporting an emergency or crime.

  §710-1010.5 Interference with reporting an emergency or crime. (1) A person commits the offense of interference with reporting an emergency or crime if the person intentionally or knowingly prevents a victim or witness to a criminal act from calling a 911-emergency telephone system, obtaining medical assistance, or making a report to a law enforcement officer.  (2) Interference with the reporting of an emergency or crime is a petty misdemeanor. [L 2001, c 294, §1] COMMENTARY ON §710-1010.5  Act 294, Session Laws 2001, established interference with the reporting of an emergency or crime as a petty misdemeanor. The legislature found that perpetrators of domestic violence should not prevent victims and witnesses from contacting authorities for assistance in preventing domestic violence. House Standing Committee Report No. 1222.
HI Rev Stat § 710-1011 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|710. Offenses Against Public Administration|710-1011 Refusing to aid a law enforcement officer. §710-1011 Commentary:

  §710-1011 Refusing to aid a law enforcement officer. (1) A person commits the offense of refusing to aid a law enforcement officer when, upon a reasonable command by a person known to him to be a law enforcement officer, he intentionally refuses or fails to aid such law enforcement officer, in:  (a) Effectuating or securing an arrest; or  (b) Preventing the commission by another of any offense.  (2) Refusing to aid a law enforcement officer is a petty misdemeanor.  (3) A person who complies with this section by aiding a law enforcement officer shall not be held liable to any person for damages resulting therefrom, provided he acted reasonably under the circumstances known to him at the time. [L 1972, c 9, pt of §1; am L 2001, c 91, §4] COMMENTARY ON §710-1011  This section is not designed to allow peace officers to foist their routine or dangerous duties upon innocent citizens. The reasonable context in which this aid is required precludes requests for routine and unnecessary, as well as dangerous and unconscionable, aid. The type of situation which the Code envisions is the request to a citizen, by a peace officer, to summon aid or render immediately vital information, where there is no question of danger, incrimination, or substantial inconvenience to the person of whom the aid is asked. Various forms of this law may be found in the proposed revisions of other states.[1]  Previous Hawaii law provided for a $50 fine for refusal to aid a peace officer, under roughly the same circumstances as those provided in the Code.2 Instead, the Code imposes its lightest criminal penalty, petty misdemeanor, for this offense.  The waiver of civil liability in subsection (3) is both fair and necessary. The waiver is fair in that it is hardly equitable to order a person to perform a useful act, on one hand, then expose the person to the threat of civil liability, on the other. The waiver is necessary in that it would arguably be unreasonable to request such aid in many cases if all of the standards of civil liability were to apply. The person of whom aid is asked might, therefore, be able justifiably to refuse to give it. Case Notes  Cited: 57 H. 390, 557 P.2d 1334 (1976). __________  §710-1011 Commentary: 1. See N.Y.R.P.L. §195.10; Prop. Del. Cr. Code § §730, 731; Prop. Mich. Rev. Cr. Code §4250. 2. H.R.S. §740-10.
HI Rev Stat § 710-1012 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|710. Offenses Against Public Administration|710-1012 Refusing to assist in fire control. §710-1012 Commentary:

  §710-1012 Refusing to assist in fire control. (1) A person commits the offense of refusing to assist in fire control when:  (a) Upon a reasonable command by a person known to him to be a firefighter, he intentionally refuses to aid in extinguishing a fire or in protecting property at the scene of a fire; or  (b) Upon command by a person known to him to be a firefighter or law enforcement officer, he intentionally disobeys an order or regulation relating to the conduct of persons in the vicinity of a fire.  (2) "Firefighter" means any officer of a fire department or any other person vested by law with the duty to extinguish fires.  (3) Refusing to assist in fire control is a petty misdemeanor.  (4) A person who complies with this section by assisting in fire control shall not be held liable to any person for damages resulting therefrom, provided he acted reasonably under the circumstances known to him at the time. [L 1972, c 9, pt of §1; am L 1977, c 191, §2; am L 1983, c 124, §15; am L 2001, c 91, §4] COMMENTARY ON §710-1012  Subsection (1)(a) of this section is intended to place obligations upon the citizen in aiding fire control similar to those which §710-1011 places upon the citizen with regard to law enforcement. Again, the request for aid need not be obeyed unless it is reasonable under the circumstances.  Subsection (1)(b) is related to the control of crowds and vehicles in the vicinity of a fire, under circumstances where disorderly conduct and riot-dispersal statutes would not apply.  The waiver of civil liability in subsection (4) is explained in the commentary to §710-1011.  Previous Hawaii law was substantially stricter than the Code in requiring all able-bodied men between 16 and 50 to aid in extinguishing a fire when properly so requested. The section also imposed liability upon one who refused to lend necessary materials to the control of a fire. The available penalty upon conviction was a fine of from $10 to $1,000.1 The Code more precisely states when aid is expected and what type can be requested. __________  §710-1012 Commentary: 1. H.R.S. §185-8.
HI Rev Stat § 710-1014 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|710. Offenses Against Public Administration|710-1014 Rendering a false alarm. §710-1014 Commentary:

  §710-1014 Rendering a false alarm. (1) A person commits the offense of rendering a false alarm if the person knowingly causes a false alarm of fire or other emergency to be transmitted to or within an official or volunteer fire department, any other government agency, or any public utility that deals with emergencies involving danger to life or property.  (2) Rendering a false alarm is a misdemeanor. [L 1972, c 9, pt of §1; gen ch 1993] COMMENTARY ON §710-1014  The rendering of a false fire alarm is almost universally made criminal. The Code generalizes the principle to cover all emergency alarms and all governmental emergency organizations (the police would be included while responding to an alarm of this character), public utilities that deal with emergencies, and, in the case of fire departments, volunteer organizations. The justification for the provision is the prevention of the "waste of government resources and the likelihood that the actor will cause personnel or equipment to be unavailable to deal with real emergencies."1 __________  §710-1014 Commentary: 1. M.P.C., Tentative Draft No. 6, comments at 144 (1957).
HI Rev Stat § 710-1014.5 (2021)
2021 Hawaii Revised Statutes|Title 37. Hawaii Penal Code|710. Offenses Against Public Administration|710-1014.5 Misuse of 911 emergency telephone service.

  §710-1014.5 Misuse of 911 emergency telephone service. (1) A person commits the offense of misuse of 911 emergency telephone service if the person accesses the telephone number 911 and:  (a) Knowingly causes a false alarm; or  (b) Makes a false complaint or a report of false information in reckless disregard of the risk that a public safety agency will respond by dispatching emergency services.  (2) Misuse of 911 emergency telephone service is a misdemeanor.  (3) For purposes of this section, "public safety agency" means any federal, state, or county police, fire, emergency medical service, or emergency management agency. [L 2005, c 17, §1; am L 2014, c 111, §22] COMMENTARY ON §710-1014.5  Act 17, Session Laws 2005, established as a misdemeanor offense, the misuse of 911 emergency telephone service, when an individual accesses 911 and knowingly causes a false alarm or recklessly makes a false complaint or report. The legislature found that the Act would prevent public safety agencies from wasting their time on false alarms and ensure that legitimate emergency requests were not hampered by the abuse of the emergency system. Senate Standing Committee Report No. 1297, House Standing Committee Report No. 129.  Act 111, Session Laws 2014, which amended subsection (3), updated and recodified Hawaii's emergency management laws to conform with nationwide emergency management practices by, among other things, establishing a Hawaii emergency management agency in the state department of defense with the functions and authority currently held by the state civil defense agency; establishing the power and authority of the director of Hawaii emergency management, who will be the adjutant general, and providing the director with the functions and authority currently held by the director of civil defense; establishing county emergency management agencies, each to be under the respective county mayor's direction, with the functions and authority currently held by the local organizations for civil defense; and repealing the chapters on disaster relief [chapter 127] and the civil defense [and] emergency act [chapter 128], which were determined to be obsolete with the creation of the Hawaii emergency management agency. Conference Committee Report No. 129-14.