reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 38a-411 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-411 - Reinsurance.

 (a) A title insurer may obtain reinsurance for all or any part of its liability under one or more of its title insurance policies or reinsurance agreements and may also reinsure title insurance policies issued by other title insurers on risks located in this state or elsewhere. Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, reinsurance on policies issued on properties located in this state shall be obtained from title insurers licensed to transact title insurance business in this state.(b) Upon application by a title insurer, the commissioner may permit the insurer to obtain reinsurance from a title insurer not licensed in this state where capital and surplus of the unlicensed title insurer meets the requirements for licensed companies under section 38a-405.(c) Upon application by a domestic title insurer, the commissioner may permit the insurer to obtain reinsurance from a property and casualty reinsurer accredited pursuant to the provisions of section 38a-85, provided such domestic title insurer has executed an affidavit setting forth facts showing that such insurer was unable after diligent effort to procure, from another title insurer, a reinsurance treaty that is reasonably consistent with what is fair and appropriate under commonly accepted commercial practices. Such title insurer shall include such affidavit and a copy of the proposed reinsurance treaty with the application filed by such insurer with the commissioner.(P.A. 90-218, S. 12; P.A. 11-253, S. 2.)History: P.A. 11-253 amended Subsec. (a) to add exception re Subsecs. (b) and (c) and make a technical change, and added Subsec. (c) authorizing commissioner to permit domestic title insurer, upon request, to obtain reinsurance from property casualty reinsurer, effective July 13, 2011.
CT Gen Stat § 38a-412 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-412 - Investments.

 (a) A domestic title insurer may invest in title plants. For determination of the financial condition of such a title insurer, title plants will be treated as an asset valued at actual cost to the title insurer, not to exceed fifty per cent of the surplus as regards to its policyholders as shown on the most recent annual statement of the title insurer.(b) Any investment of a domestic title insurer acquired before October 1, 1990, and which, under this section, would be considered ineligible as an investment on that date shall be disposed of within two years of October 1, 1990. The commissioner, upon application and proof that forced sale of any such investment would be contrary to the best interests of the title insurer or its policyholders, may extend the period for disposal of the investment for a reasonable time.(P.A. 90-218, S. 13.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-413 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-413 - Title agent licensing, exemptions.

 Title insurers and title insurance agents shall not be subject to the provisions of sections 38a-704 and 38a-769.(P.A. 90-218, S. 14; P.A. 96-193, S. 35, 36.)History: P.A. 96-193 replaced the existing language with a provision exempting title insurers and agents from the provisions of Secs. 38a-704 and 38a-769, effective June 3, 1996.
CT Gen Stat § 38a-414 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-414 - Prohibition on rebates and inducements.

 (a) No title insurer or title agent shall (1) pay, directly or indirectly, to the insured, to any producer of title insurance business, to any associate of a producer or to any other person other than another title agent, any commission, any part of its premiums, fees or other charges or any other consideration or thing of value as inducement or compensation for the referral of title insurance business or (2) issue any title insurance policy in connection with any transaction in which it has paid or intends to pay any commission or any part of its premiums, fees or other charges, or any other consideration or thing of value which it knows to be in violation of this section.(b) No insured named in a title insurance policy, no producer of title insurance business, no associate of a producer, nor any other person, other than another title agent, may knowingly receive or accept, directly or indirectly, any commission, rebate, consideration, thing of value or inducement referred to in subsection (a) of this section.(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting reasonable payments for services actually rendered to either a title insurer or a title agent in connection with title insurance business.(P.A. 90-218, S. 15.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-415 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-415 - Division of premiums and charges.

 (a) Nothing in sections 38a-400 to 38a-425, inclusive, shall be construed as prohibiting the division of premiums and charges between or among a title insurer and its title agent, two or more title insurers and their title agents, two or more title insurers, one or more title insurers and one or more title agents, or two or more title agents, provided such division of premiums and charges does not constitute (1) an unlawful rebate or inducement under the provisions of said sections or (2) payment of a forwarding fee or finder's fee.(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, for any title insurance policy issued after October 1, 1990, no title insurer shall pay to any title insurance agent or permit such agent to retain any amount exceeding sixty per cent of the gross premium for any policy of the title insurer issued by such agent. The maximum commission to a title insurance agent shall not be increased directly or indirectly by an insurer providing anything of value, including services, to an agent for less than the actual cost or fair market value.(P.A. 90-218, S. 16; P.A. 91-357, S. 60, 78; 91-407, S. 10, 42.)History: P.A. 91-357 and P.A. 91-407 both amended Subsec. (b) by adding identical prohibitions on increasing maximum commission of title insurance agent by an insurer providing anything of value or less than its actual cost or fair market value.
CT Gen Stat § 38a-416 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-416 - Disclosure of financial interest.

 (a) No title insurer or title insurance agent may accept any order for, issue a title insurance policy to, or provide services to, an applicant if such insurer or agent knows or has reason to believe that the applicant was referred to such insurer or agent by any producer of title insurance business or by any associate of such producer, where the producer, the associate or both, have a financial interest in the title insurer or title agent to which business is referred unless the producer has disclosed to the buyer, seller, lender, the financial interest of the producer of title insurance business or associate referring the title insurance business. The disclosure shall be made in writing on forms prescribed by the commissioner. The title insurer shall maintain the disclosure forms for a period of three years.(b) Each title insurer and title agent shall file with the commissioner on forms prescribed by the commissioner a report setting forth the names and addresses of those persons, if any, who have had a financial interest in the title insurer or title agent during the calendar year, who are known or reasonably believed by the title insurer to be producers of title business or associates of producers. Each title insurer licensed on October 1, 1990, shall file the report required under this subsection within ninety days after October 1, 1990. Each title insurer shall file the report required under this subsection with its application for a license and at any time there is a change in the information provided in the last report.(c) No title insurer or title agent may accept an order for title insurance business, issue a title insurance policy or receive or retain any premium, or charge in connection with any transaction if (1) the title insurer or title agent knows or has reason to believe that the transaction will constitute controlled business for that title insurer, and (2) twenty per cent or more of the gross operating revenue of that title insurer in the calendar year in which the transaction takes place is derived from controlled business.(d) No license may be issued, renewed or continued for a title insurer or title agent who fails to comply with this section.(P.A. 90-218, S. 17; P.A. 13-134, S. 14; P.A. 14-235, S. 21.)History: P.A. 13-134 deleted former Subsec. (d) re percentage limitation for conflict of interest provision and redesignated existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 14-235 made technical changes in Subsec. (a).
CT Gen Stat § 38a-417 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-417 - Favored title agent or insurer.

 The provisions of section 38a-816 shall govern relationships which favored agents or insurers.(P.A. 90-218, S. 18; P.A. 04-10, S. 7.)History: P.A. 04-10 made a technical change.
CT Gen Stat § 38a-418 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-418 - Premium rate standards.

 (a) Premium rates shall not be inadequate, excessive, or unfairly discriminatory.(b) Rates are excessive if in the aggregate they are likely to produce a long run profit that is unreasonably high in relation to the risk of the class of business, or if expenses are unreasonably high in relation to the services rendered.(c) Rates are inadequate if they are clearly insufficient, together with investment income attributable to them, to sustain projected losses and expenses, or if the continued use of such fees will unfairly have the effect of substantially lessening competition or of tending to create a monopoly.(d) Premium rates are unfairly discriminatory if the premium charged for any classification is not reasonably related to the services performed or the risks assumed by the insurer, provided within rate classifications premiums may, to a reasonable degree, be less in the case of smaller insurances and the excess may be charged against larger insurances, without rendering the rate unfairly discriminatory.(e) In making or reviewing rates, due consideration shall be given to past and prospective loss experience, to exposure to loss, to underwriting practice and judgment, to past and prospective expenses including amounts paid to or retained by title agents, to investment income, to a reasonable margin for profit and contingencies, and to all other relevant factors both within and outside of this state. A five-year experience period is required for all filings of rates, provided the filing of any insurer in existence less than five years shall be supported by experience consistent with the period of its existence.(f) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, setting forth guidelines for the evaluation of rates. Such regulations may include consideration of (1) costs of underwriting risks assumed by the insurer, (2) amounts paid to or retained by title agents, (3) operating expenses of the insurer other than underwriting and claims expenses, (4) payment of claims and claim related expenses, (5) investment income, (6) reasonable profit, (7) premium taxes and (8) any other factors the commissioner deems relevant.(P.A. 90-218, S. 19.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-419 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-419 - Premium rate schedules.

 (a) A title insurer shall file with the commissioner premium rate schedules it proposes to use in this state. If the commissioner finds in his review of a filing that it does not violate section 38a-418, he shall approve the schedule within thirty days of filing. Prior to such approval, the commissioner may conduct public hearings with respect to the filing. Filings that the commissioner has failed to approve or disapprove within thirty days of filing shall be deemed approved. Upon notice to the title insurer, the period for review of rate filing may be extended for an additional thirty days.(b) If at any time after the approval of filing, the commissioner has reason to believe that the filing does not meet the requirements of this section or is otherwise contrary to law, or if any party having an interest in the filing makes a written complaint to the commissioner setting forth specific and reasonable grounds for the complaint, or if any insurer, upon notice of disapproval by the commissioner of a filing pursuant to this section, should so request, the commissioner shall hold a hearing within thirty days and shall give written notice of the hearing to all interested parties. The commissioner may confirm, modify, change or rescind any previous action if warranted by the facts shown at the hearing.(c) No title insurer or title agent may use or collect any premium after October 1, 1990, except in accordance with the premium rate schedule filed with and approved by the commissioner as required by this section. The commissioner may provide by regulations, adopted in accordance with chapter 54, for interim use of premium rate schedules in effect prior to October 1, 1990.(P.A. 90-218, S. 20.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-420 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-420 - Publication of schedules of premiums and charges.

 (a) Each title insurer and title agent shall print and make available to the public schedules of its currently effective premiums and charges.(b) The schedules shall (1) be dated to show the date the premiums and charges became effective, (2) be kept available to the public during normal business hours in each office of the title insurer or title agent in this state and (3) set forth the total premium and charge for each type of title insurance policy or service issued or provided by the title insurer or title agent either by stating the premium or charge for each type of title insurance policy in given amounts of coverage or for each service, or by stating the premium or charge rate per unit amount of coverage, or by a combination of the two.(c) Each title insurer shall keep a complete file of its schedules of premiums and charges and of all changes and amendments to those schedules until at least five years after they have ceased to be in effect.(P.A. 90-218, S. 21.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-421 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-421 - Form filing.

 (a) A title insurer shall file with the commissioner all forms it proposes to use in this state, including (1) title insurance policies, including standard form endorsements and (2) commitments, binders or any other reports issued prior to the issuance of a title insurance policy. If the commissioner finds in his review of a filing that it does not violate section 38a-422, he shall approve the form within thirty days of filing. Prior to such approval, the commissioner may conduct public hearings with respect to the filing. Filings that the commissioner has failed to approve or disapprove within thirty days of filing shall be deemed approved. Upon notice to the insurer, the period for review of a form filing may be extended for an additional thirty days.(b) A title insurer need not file reinsurance contracts and agreements.(c) No title insurer may issue, directly or through a title agent, any policy after October 1, 1990, unless the policy form has been approved pursuant to this section. The commissioner may provide by regulation for interim use of forms in effect prior to October 1, 1990.(P.A. 90-218, S. 22.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-422 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-422 - Form standards.

 The commissioner shall approve any form filed under section 38a-421 only if the form (1) is logically and clearly arranged and is understandable to a person of normal intelligence without special insurance or legal knowledge or training, (2) does not contain or incorporate by reference any inconsistent, ambiguous or misleading clauses, exceptions or conditions deceptively affecting the risk purported to be assumed in the affirmative coverage of the contract, (3) does not contain any misleading title, heading or other indication of its coverage, (4) is not printed or otherwise reproduced in such a manner as to render any provision of the form substantially illegible and (5) is otherwise in compliance with sections 38a-400 to 38a-425, inclusive.(P.A. 90-218, S. 23.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-423 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-423 - Notice of issuance of mortgage policy.

 (a) A title insurer or title agent that issues a mortgagee's policy of title insurance on a loan made simultaneous with the purchase of all or part of the residential property securing the loan, where no owner's policy has been ordered, shall inform the borrower in writing that the mortgagee's policy does not protect the borrower, and that the borrower may obtain an owner's title insurance policy for his protection. Such notice shall be provided before disbursement of the loan proceeds and before issuance of a mortgagee's policy and shall be on a form prescribed by the commissioner.(b) If the borrower elects not to purchase an owner's title insurance policy, the title insurer or title agent shall obtain from the borrower a statement in writing that the notice has been received and that the borrower waives the right to purchase an owner's title insurance policy. If the borrower refuses to provide the statement and waiver, the title insurer or title agent shall so note in the file. The statement and waiver shall be on a form prescribed by the commissioner and shall be retained by the title insurer or title agent for at least five years after receipt.(P.A. 90-218, S. 24; P.A. 14-235, S. 22.)History: P.A. 14-235 made technical changes.
CT Gen Stat § 38a-424 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-424 - Regulations.

 In addition to any other powers granted under sections 38a-400 to 38a-425, inclusive, the commissioner may adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to protect the interests of the public, including, but not limited to, regulations governing sales practices, escrow, collection, settlement or closing procedures, policy coverage standards, rebates and inducements, controlled business, the approval of agency contracts, unfair trade practices and fraud, statistical plans for data collection, consumer education and any other consumer matters, the business of title insurance or any regulations otherwise implementing or interpreting the provisions of sections 38a-400 to 38a-425, inclusive.(P.A. 90-218, S. 25.)
CT Gen Stat § 38a-424a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-424a - Regulations re availability of coverage for property that is the subject of an Indian land claim.

 (a) As used in this section, “Indian land claim” means a claim for real property or monetary damages based on an alleged illegal transfer, use or occupation of such real property and which claim is based on a violation of any condition or restriction established by common law, statute or other governmental enactment on alienation of lands owned by Indians or Indian tribes.(b) The Insurance Commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 on or before February 1, 1994, setting forth guidelines to maximize the availability of title insurance coverage with respect to real property that is the subject of an Indian land claim. Each title insurer, as defined in subdivision (16) of section 38a-402, shall provide coverage in accordance with said guidelines. The factors the commissioner shall consider in adopting such regulations shall include, but not be limited to: (1) The title insurance coverage offered by title insurers for real property that is the subject of an Indian land claim; (2) whether the real property has been identified as being the subject of an Indian land claim in a notice of intent to sue or in an Indian land claim lawsuit or whether the owner of the real property has been named and served as a defendant in an Indian land claim lawsuit; (3) the legal basis of the Indian land claim; (4) whether the real property is the subject of an owner's or mortgagee's title insurance policy; and (5) whether the real property is vacant, residential or commercial.(Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 93-3, S. 1, 2.)History: Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 93-3 effective November 12, 1993.
CT Gen Stat § 38a-425 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 38a - Insurance|Chapter 700a - Title Insurance|Section 38a-425 - Severability.

 The provisions of sections 38a-400 to 38a-425, inclusive, shall be severable, and, if any of their provisions are held to be unconstitutional or invalid, the validity of the remaining provisions of said sections will not be affected. It is hereby declared as legislative intent that sections 38a-400 to 38a-425, inclusive, would have been adopted by the legislature of this state had such unconstitutional or invalid provisions not been included.(P.A. 90-218, S. 26.)