reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
IA Code § 553.9 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.9 - Investigation.

553.9 Investigation.   1. If the attorney general has reasonable cause to believe that a person has engaged in or is engaging in conduct prohibited by this chapter, the attorney general shall make such investigation as is deemed necessary and may, prior to the commencement of a suit against this person under this chapter:   a. Issue written demand on this person, its officers, directors, partners, fiduciaries, or employees to compel their attendance before the attorney general and examine them under oath;   b. Issue written demand to produce, examine, and copy a document or tangible item in the possession of this person or its officers, directors, partners, or fiduciaries;   c. Upon an order of a district court, pursuant to a showing that such is reasonably necessary to an investigation being conducted under this section:   (1) Compel the attendance of any other person before the attorney general and examine this person under oath;   (2) Require the production, examination, and copying of a document or other tangible item in the possession of such person; and,   d. Upon an order of a district court, impound a document or other tangible item produced pursuant to this section and retain possession of it until the completion of all proceedings arising out of the investigation.   2. A written demand or court order issued pursuant to this section shall contain the following information, as applicable:   a. A reference to this chapter and a general description of the subject matter being investigated;   b. The date, time and place at which any person is to appear or to produce documents or other tangible items;   c. Where the production of documents or other tangible items is required, a description of such documents or items by class with sufficient clarity so that they may be reasonably identified.   3. Any procedure, testimony taken, or material produced under this section shall be sealed by the court and be kept confidential by the attorney general, until an action is filed against a person under this chapter for the violation under investigation, unless confidentiality is waived by the person being investigated and the person who has testified, answered interrogatories, or produced material, or unless disclosure is authorized by the court for the purposes of interstate cooperation in enforcing this chapter and similar state and federal laws.   4. This chapter shall not be construed to limit or abridge statutory or constitutional limitations on self-incrimination.   5. Evidence obtained from a natural person pursuant to the provisions of this section shall not be introduced in a subsequent criminal prosecution of this person. However, evidence obtained from a natural person pursuant to a grand jury proceeding may be so introduced.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.9]  Referred to in §553.10, 553.11
IA Code § 553.10 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.10 - Investigation enforcement.

553.10 Investigation enforcement.   If a person objects or otherwise fails to obey a written demand or court order issued under section 553.9, the attorney general may file in the district court of the county in which the person resides or maintains a principal place of business within this state an application for an order to enforce the demand or order. Notice of hearing and a copy of the application shall be served upon the person, who may appear in opposition to the application. If the court finds that the demand or order is proper, that there is reasonable cause to believe there has been a violation of this chapter, and that the information sought or document or object demanded is relevant to the violation, it shall order the person to comply with the demand or order, subject to such modification as the court may prescribe. Upon motion by the person and for good cause shown, the court may make any further order in the proceedings which justice requires to protect the person from unreasonable annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, burden, or expense.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.10]  Referred to in §553.11
IA Code § 553.11 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.11 - Protective orders.

553.11 Protective orders.   Before the attorney general files an application under section 553.10 and upon application of any person who was served a written demand or court order under section 553.9, upon notice and hearing, and for good cause shown, the district court may make any order which justice requires to protect the person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden of expense, including the following:   1. That the examination of this person shall not be taken or that documents or other tangible items shall not be produced for inspection and copying;   2. That the examination or production of documents or other tangible items shall be had only on specified terms and conditions, including a change in the time or place;   3. That certain matters shall not be inquired into or that the scope of the examination or production shall be limited to certain matters;   4. That the examination or production and inspection shall be conducted with only those persons present as designated by the court;   5. That the transcript of the examination shall be sealed and be opened only by order of the court;   6. That a trade secret or other confidential research, development, or commercial information shall not be disclosed or shall be disclosed only in a designated way.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.11]
IA Code § 553.12 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.12 - Remedies.

553.12 Remedies.   The state or a person who is injured or threatened with injury by conduct prohibited under this chapter may bring suit to:   1. Prevent or restrain conduct prohibited under this chapter and remove the conduct’s effect by injunction, divestiture, divorcement, dissolution of domestic enterprises right to do business in this state, compelling the forfeiture or restraint of the issuance of a certificate of incorporation, permit to transact business, license, or franchise, or granting other equitable relief. The state may bring suit under this section without posting bond.   2. Recover actual damages resulting from conduct prohibited under this chapter.   3. Recover, at the court’s discretion, exemplary damages which do not exceed twice the actual damages awarded under subsection 2, from a person other than a city or county or legal entity created by a city or county, if:   a. The trier of fact determines that the prohibited conduct is willful or flagrant; and,   b. The person bringing suit is not the state.   4. Recover the necessary costs of bringing suit, including a reasonable attorney fee. However, the state may not recover any attorney fee.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.12]  84 Acts, ch 1020, §2  Referred to in §553.13, 553.16, 553.17
IA Code § 553.13 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.13 - Civil penalty.

553.13 Civil penalty.   In addition to suit under section 553.12, the state may bring suit to assess a civil penalty against an enterprise whose conduct is prohibited under this chapter. The suit may be tried to the jury and the civil penalty provided for in this section shall be imposed by the court. The civil penalty assessed shall not exceed ten percent of the total value of the specific commodities by their brand, make, and size or of services either of which were the subject of the prohibited conduct sold in the relevant market in this state by the enterprise in each year in which this conduct occurred, but this penalty shall not exceed one hundred fifty thousand dollars. In computing this penalty, only the four most recent years in which the prohibited conduct occurred, as of commencement of suit under this section, shall be used in the computation.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.13]  Referred to in §553.16
IA Code § 553.14 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.14 - Criminal penalties.

553.14 Criminal penalties.   A person or a natural person having substantial control over an enterprise who knowingly and willfully engages in conduct prohibited by this chapter shall be guilty of a serious misdemeanor.   A person having substantial control over an enterprise who knowingly and willfully engages in bid rigging or price fixing involving a contract with the state or a governmental agency is guilty of a class “D” felony.  [C97, §5062; S13, §5062, 5067-c, 5077-a5; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §9908, 9918, 9926; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, 73, 75, §553.3, 553.13, 553.21; C77, 79, 81, §553.14]  84 Acts, ch 1143, §1
IA Code § 553.15 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.15 - Election of remedies.

553.15 Election of remedies.   The bringing of suit to assess a civil penalty against a person by filing a petition shall be an election of remedies to not bring a criminal prosecution against this person. The bringing of a criminal prosecution against a person by filing an information or returning an indictment shall be an election of remedies to not bring suit to assess a civil penalty against this person.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.15]
IA Code § 553.16 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.16 - Limitations.

553.16 Limitations.   1. Suit by the state to assess a civil penalty or to obtain a criminal conviction under this chapter must be commenced within four years after the cause of action accrues or, if there is fraudulent concealment of this cause of action, within four years after the cause of action becomes known, whichever period is later.   2. Suit under section 553.12 must be commenced within four years after the cause of action accrues or, if there is a fraudulent concealment of this cause of action, within four years after the cause of action becomes known, whichever period is later. However, if this cause is based, in whole or part, on the same set of facts as alleged in a suit brought under section 553.13, this period shall be suspended until one year after the suit brought under section 553.13 is concluded.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.16]
IA Code § 553.17 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.17 - Prima facie evidence.

553.17 Prima facie evidence.   A final decree or judgment, other than a consent decree or consent judgment entered before trial, in a suit brought by the state is prima facie evidence against the defendant in a suit brought by any person other than the state under section 553.12 as to all matters respecting which this decree or judgment would be an estoppel between the state and the defendant. This section shall not affect the application of collateral estoppel or issue preclusion.  [C77, 79, 81, §553.17]
IA Code § 553.18 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.18 - Debarment.

553.18 Debarment.   A contractor or supplier of goods or services to the state or a governmental agency, and the enterprise for which the illegal action was taken, convicted under this chapter, or convicted under the laws of any other state or the federal government for actions which would constitute a violation of this chapter, are prohibited from bidding on a governmental contract for one year from the date of conviction, unless the state or governmental agency accepting bids expressly allows the contractor or supplier to bid after being informed of the conviction.  84 Acts, ch 1143, §2
IA Code § 553.19 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 553 - IOWA COMPETITION LAW|Section 553.19 - Antitrust fund.

553.19 Antitrust fund.   1. An antitrust fund is created as a separate fund in the state treasury to be administered by the attorney general. Moneys credited to the fund shall include amounts received as a result of a state or federal civil antitrust judgment or settlement which are based on damages sustained by the state, civil penalties, costs, or attorney fees, and amounts which are specifically directed to the credit of the fund by the judgment or settlement, and amounts which are designated by the judgment or settlement for use by the attorney general for antitrust enforcement or education. Amounts based upon damages sustained by individuals or entities outside of state government not designated for antitrust enforcement purposes or amounts based upon actual damages awarded to the state which would not otherwise be deposited in the general fund of the state shall not be credited to the fund.   2. For each fiscal year, not more than five hundred thousand dollars is appropriated from the fund to the department of justice to be used for enforcement of this chapter and chapter 551, and for enforcement of federal antitrust laws and for public education about state and federal antitrust laws.   3. Notwithstanding section 8.33, moneys credited to the fund shall not revert to any other fund. Notwithstanding section 12C.7, interest or earnings on the moneys in the fund shall be credited to the fund.  2007 Acts, ch 213, §23
IA Code § 554.1101 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1101 - Short titles.

554.1101 Short titles.   1. This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code.   2. This Article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code — General Provisions.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1101]  2007 Acts, ch 41, §1
IA Code § 554.1102 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1102 - Scope of Article.

554.1102 Scope of Article.   This Article applies to a transaction to the extent that it is governed by another Article of this chapter.  2007 Acts, ch 41, §2, 57
IA Code § 554.1103 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1103 - Construction of this chapter to promote its purposes and policies — applicability of supplemental principles of law.

554.1103 Construction of this chapter to promote its purposes and policies — applicability of supplemental principles of law.   1. This chapter must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are:   a. to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions;   b. to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and   c. to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions.   2. Unless displaced by the particular provisions of this chapter, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, and other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.  [S13, §3060-a196, 3138-a56, -b50; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §8295, 9657, 9716, 9931, 10002; C46, §487.52, 541.197, 542.56, 554.2, 554.74; C50, 54, 58, 62, §487.52, 493A.18, 541.197, 542.56, 554.2, 554.74; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1103]  2007 Acts, ch 41, §3
IA Code § 554.1104 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1104 - Construction against implied repeal.

554.1104 Construction against implied repeal.   This chapter being a general Act intended as a unified coverage of its subject matter, no part of it shall be deemed to be impliedly repealed by subsequent legislation if such construction can reasonably be avoided.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1104]  2007 Acts, ch 41, §4
IA Code § 554.1105 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1105 - Severability.

554.1105 Severability.   If any provision or clause of this chapter or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this chapter which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this chapter are severable.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1108]  2007 Acts, ch 41, §9, 48  CS2007, §554.1105
IA Code § 554.1106 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1106 - Use of singular and plural — gender.

554.1106 Use of singular and plural — gender.   In this chapter, unless the statutory context otherwise requires:   1. words in the singular number include the plural, and those in the plural include the singular; and   2. words of any gender also refer to any other gender.  2007 Acts, ch 41, §7, 57
IA Code § 554.1107 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1107 - Section captions.

554.1107 Section captions.   Section captions are parts of this chapter.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1109]  2007 Acts, ch 41, §49  CS2007, §554.1107  Referred to in §3.3
IA Code § 554.1108 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1108 - Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

554.1108 Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.   This Article modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. §7001 et seq., except that nothing in this Article modifies, limits, or supersedes §7001(c) of that Act or authorizes electronic delivery of any of the notices described in §7003(b) of that Act.  2007 Acts, ch 41, §10, 57
IA Code § 554.1110 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1110 - Rules for filing and indexing.

554.1110 Rules for filing and indexing.   The secretary of state shall make and promulgate rules for all filing and indexing pursuant to this chapter and chapter 554B including but not limited to rules on whether statements and documents shall be indexed in real estate records.  [C71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1110]  2014 Acts, ch 1026, §117
IA Code § 554.1202 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1202 - Notice — knowledge.

554.1202 Notice — knowledge.   1. Subject to subsection 6, a person has “notice” of a fact if the person:   a. has actual knowledge of it;   b. has received a notice or notification of it; or   c. from all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know that it exists.   2. “Knowledge” means actual knowledge. “Knows” has a corresponding meaning.   3. “Discover”, “learn”, or words of similar import refer to knowledge rather than to reason to know.   4. A person “notifies” or “gives” a notice or notification to another person by taking such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it.   5. Subject to subsection 6, a person “receives” a notice or notification when:   a. it comes to that person’s attention; or   b. it is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the place of business through which the contract was made or at another location held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications.   6. Notice, knowledge, or a notice or notification received by an organization is effective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the attention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from the time it would have been brought to the individual’s attention if the organization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual acting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual has reason to know of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by the information.  2007 Acts, ch 41, §13, 57  Referred to in §554.12106
IA Code § 554.1204 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1204 - Value.

554.1204 Value.   Except as otherwise provided in Articles 3, 4, and 5, a person gives value for rights if the person acquires them:   1. in return for a binding commitment to extend credit or for the extension of immediately available credit, whether or not drawn upon and whether or not a charge-back is provided for in the event of difficulties in collection;   2. as security for, or in total or partial satisfaction of, a preexisting claim;   3. by accepting delivery under a preexisting contract for purchase; or   4. in return for any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract.  2007 Acts, ch 41, §16, 57
IA Code § 554.1205 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1205 - Reasonable time — seasonableness.

554.1205 Reasonable time — seasonableness.   1. Whether a time for taking an action required by this chapter is reasonable depends on the nature, purpose, and circumstances of the action.   2. An action is taken seasonably if it is taken at or within the time agreed or, if no time is agreed, at or within a reasonable time.  [S13, §3060-a193; C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §9654, 9972; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §541.194, 554.44; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1204]  2007 Acts, ch 41, §15, 52  CS2007, §554.1205
IA Code § 554.1206 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1206 - Presumptions.

554.1206 Presumptions.   Whenever this chapter creates a “presumption” with respect to a fact, or provides that a fact is “presumed”, the trier of fact must find the existence of the fact unless and until evidence is introduced that supports a finding of its nonexistence.  2007 Acts, ch 41, §18, 57
IA Code § 554.1301 (2021)
2021 Iowa Code|Title XIII - COMMERCE|Chapter 554 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE|Section 554.1301 - Territorial applicability — parties’ power to choose applicable law.

554.1301 Territorial applicability — parties’ power to choose applicable law.   1. Except as otherwise provided in this section, when a transaction bears a reasonable relation to this state and also to another state or nation the parties may agree that the law either of this state or of such other state or nation shall govern their rights and duties.   2. In the absence of an agreement effective under subsection 1, and except as provided in subsection 3, this chapter applies to transactions bearing an appropriate relation to this state.   3. If one of the following provisions of this chapter specifies the applicable law, that provision governs and a contrary agreement is effective only to the extent permitted by the law so specified:   a. Section 554.2402;   b. Section 554.4102;   c. Section 554.5116;   d. Section 554.8110;   e. Sections 554.9301 through 554.9307;   f. Section 554.12507;   g. Sections 554.13105 and 554.13106.  [C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §554.1105]  92 Acts, ch 1146, §39; 94 Acts, ch 1052, §2; 94 Acts, ch 1121, §3; 96 Acts, ch 1026, §19; 96 Acts, ch 1138, §5, 84; 2000 Acts, ch 1149, §137, 187; 2007 Acts, ch 41, §5, 45  CS2007, §554.1301