reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 7-4A-406 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 4 - Payment.|Section 7-4A-406 - Payment by Originator to Beneficiary; Discharge of Underlying Obligation.

Section 7-4A-406Payment by originator to beneficiary; discharge of underlying obligation. (a) Subject to Sections 7-4A-211(e), 7-4A-405(d), and 7-4A-405(e), the originator of a funds transfer pays the beneficiary of the originator's payment order (i) at the time a payment order for the benefit of the beneficiary is accepted by the beneficiary's bank in the funds transfer and (ii) in an amount equal to the amount of the order accepted by the beneficiary's bank, but not more than the amount of the originator's order. (b) If payment under subsection (a) is made to satisfy an obligation, the obligation is discharged to the same extent discharge would result from payment to the beneficiary of the same amount in money, unless (i) the payment under subsection (a) was made by a means prohibited by the contract of the beneficiary with respect to the obligation, (ii) the beneficiary, within a reasonable time after receiving notice of receipt of the order by the beneficiary's bank, notified the originator of the beneficiary's refusal of the payment, (iii) funds with respect to the order were not withdrawn by the beneficiary or applied to a debt of the beneficiary, and (iv) the beneficiary would suffer a loss that could reasonably have been avoided if payment had been made by a means complying with the contract. If payment by the originator does not result in discharge under this section, the originator is subrogated to the rights of the beneficiary to receive payment from the beneficiary's bank under Section 7-4A-404(a). (c) For the purpose of determining whether discharge of an obligation occurs under subsection (b), if the beneficiary's bank accepts a payment order in an amount equal to the amount of the originator's payment order less charges of one or more receiving banks in the funds transfer, payment to the beneficiary is deemed to be in the amount of the originator's order unless upon demand by the beneficiary the originator does not pay the beneficiary the amount of the deducted charges. (d) Rights of the originator or of the beneficiary of a funds transfer under this section may be varied only by agreement of the originator and the beneficiary. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-501 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions.|Section 7-4A-501 - Variation by Agreement and Effect of Funds-Transfer System Rule.

Section 7-4A-501Variation by agreement and effect of funds-transfer system rule. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this article, the rights and obligations of a party to a funds transfer may be varied by agreement of the affected party. (b) "Funds-transfer system rule" means a rule of an association of banks (i) governing transmission of payment orders by means of a funds-transfer system of the association or rights and obligations with respect to those orders, or (ii) to the extent the rule governs rights and obligations between banks that are parties to a funds transfer in which a Federal Reserve Bank, acting as an intermediary bank, sends a payment order to the beneficiary's bank. Except as otherwise provided in this article, a funds-transfer system rule governing rights and obligations between participating banks using the system may be effective even if the rule conflicts with this article and indirectly affects another party to the funds transfer who does not consent to the rule. A funds-transfer system rule may also govern rights and obligations of parties other than participating banks using the system to the extent stated in Sections 7-4A-404(c), 7-4A-405(d), and 7-4A-507(c). (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-502 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions.|Section 7-4A-502 - Creditor Process Served on Receiving Bank; Setoff by Beneficiary's Bank.

Section 7-4A-502Creditor process served on receiving bank; setoff by beneficiary's bank. (a) As used in this section, "creditor process" means levy, attachment, garnishment, notice of lien, sequestration, or similar process issued by, or on behalf of a creditor or other claimant with respect to an account. (b) This subsection applies to creditor process with respect to an authorized account of the sender of a payment order if the creditor process is served on the receiving bank. For the purpose of determining rights with respect to the creditor process, if the receiving bank accepts the payment order the balance in the authorized account is deemed to be reduced by the amount of the payment order to the extent the bank did not otherwise receive payment of the order, unless the creditor process is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank accepts the payment order. (c) If a beneficiary's bank has received a payment order for payment to the beneficiary's account in the bank, the following rules apply: (1) The bank may credit the beneficiary's account. The amount credited may be set off against an obligation owed by the beneficiary to the bank or may be applied to satisfy creditor process served on the bank with respect to the account. (2) The bank may credit the beneficiary's account and allow withdrawal of the amount credited unless creditor process with respect to the account is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act to prevent withdrawal. (3) If creditor process with respect to the beneficiary's account has been served and the bank has had a reasonable opportunity to act on it, the bank may not reject the payment order except for a reason unrelated to the service of process. (d) Creditor process with respect to a payment by the originator to the beneficiary pursuant to a funds transfer may be served only on the beneficiary's bank with respect to the debt owed by that bank to the beneficiary. Any other bank served with the creditor process is not obliged to act with respect to the process. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-503 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions.|Section 7-4A-503 - Injunction or Restraining Order With Respect to Funds Transfer.

Section 7-4A-503Injunction or restraining order with respect to funds transfer. For proper cause and in compliance with applicable law, a court may restrain (i) a person from issuing a payment order to initiate a funds transfer, (ii) an originator's bank from executing the payment order of the originator, or (iii) the beneficiary's bank from releasing funds to the beneficiary or the beneficiary from withdrawing the funds. A court may not otherwise restrain a person from issuing a payment order, paying or receiving payment of a payment order, or otherwise acting with respect to a funds transfer. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-504 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions.|Section 7-4A-504 - Order in Which Items and Payment Orders May Be Charged to Account; Order of Withdrawals From Account.

Section 7-4A-504Order in which items and payment orders may be charged to account; order of withdrawals from account. (a) If a receiving bank has received more than one payment order of the sender or one or more payment orders and other items that are payable from the sender's account, the bank may charge the sender's account with respect to the various orders and items in any sequence. (b) In determining whether a credit to an account has been withdrawn by the holder of the account or applied to a debt of the holder of the account, credits first made to the account are first withdrawn or applied. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-505 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions.|Section 7-4A-505 - Preclusion of Objection to Debit of Customer's Account.

Section 7-4A-505Preclusion of objection to debit of customer's account. If a receiving bank has received payment from its customer with respect to a payment order issued in the name of the customer as sender and accepted by the bank, and the customer received notification reasonably identifying the order, the customer is precluded from asserting that the bank is not entitled to retain the payment unless the customer notifies the bank of the customer's objection to the payment within one year after the notification was received by the customer. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-506 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions.|Section 7-4A-506 - Rate of Interest.

Section 7-4A-506Rate of interest. (a) If, under this article, a receiving bank is obliged to pay interest with respect to a payment order issued to the bank, the amount payable may be determined (i) by agreement of the sender and receiving bank, or (ii) by a funds-transfer system rule if the payment order is transmitted through a funds-transfer system. (b) If the amount of interest is not determined by an agreement or rule as stated in subsection (a), the amount is calculated by multiplying the applicable federal funds rate by the amount on which interest is payable, and then multiplying the product by the number of days for which interest is payable. The applicable federal funds rate is the average of the federal funds rates published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for each of the days for which interest is payable divided by 360. The federal funds rate for any day on which a published rate is not available is the same as the published rate for the next preceding day for which there is a published rate. If a receiving bank that accepted a payment order is required to refund payment to the sender of the order because the funds transfer was not completed, but the failure to complete was not due to any fault by the bank, the interest payable is reduced by a percentage equal to the reserve requirement on deposits of the receiving bank. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-507 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 5 - Miscellaneous Provisions.|Section 7-4A-507 - Choice of Law.

Section 7-4A-507Choice of law. (a) The following rules apply unless the affected parties otherwise agree or subsection (c) applies: (1) The rights and obligations between the sender of a payment order and the receiving bank are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the receiving bank is located. (2) The rights and obligations between the beneficiary's bank and the beneficiary are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the beneficiary's bank is located. (3) The issue of when payment is made pursuant to a funds transfer by the originator to the beneficiary is governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the beneficiary's bank is located. (b) If the parties described in each paragraph of subsection (a) have made an agreement selecting the law of a particular jurisdiction to govern rights and obligations between each other, the law of that jurisdiction governs those rights and obligations, whether or not the payment order or the funds transfer bears a reasonable relation to that jurisdiction. (c) A funds-transfer system rule may select the law of a particular jurisdiction to govern (i) rights and obligations between participating banks with respect to payment orders transmitted or processed through the system, or (ii) the rights and obligations of some or all parties to a funds transfer any part of which is carried out by means of the system. A choice of law made pursuant to clause (i) is binding on participating banks. A choice of law made pursuant to clause (ii) is binding on the originator, other sender, or a receiving bank having notice that the funds-transfer system might be used in the funds transfer and of the choice of law by the system when the originator, other sender, or receiving bank issued or accepted a payment order. The beneficiary of a funds transfer is bound by the choice of law if, when the funds transfer is initiated, the beneficiary has notice that the funds-transfer system might be used in the funds transfer and of the choice of law by the system. The law of a jurisdiction selected pursuant to this subsection may govern, whether or not that law bears a reasonable relation to the matter in issue. (d) In the event of inconsistency between an agreement under subsection (b) and a choice-of-law rule under subsection (c), the agreement under subsection (b) prevails. (e) If a funds transfer is made by use of more than one funds-transfer system and there is inconsistency between choice-of-law rules of the systems, the matter in issue is governed by the law of the selected jurisdiction that has the most significant relationship to the matter in issue. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-4A-601 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 4A - Funds Transfers.|Part 6 - Uniformity.|Section 7-4A-601 - Uniformity of Application and Construction.

Section 7-4A-601Uniformity of application and construction. This article shall be applied and construed so as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this article among states enacting it. (Acts 1992, 2nd Ex. Sess., No. 92-701, p. 145, §1.)
AL Code § 7-7-101 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title.|Part 1 - General.|Section 7-7-101 - Short Title.

Section 7-7-101Short title. This article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code Documents of Title. (Prior version of this section added by Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1; current section added by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)
AL Code § 7-7-102 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title.|Part 1 - General.|Section 7-7-102 - Definitions and Index of Definitions.

Section 7-7-102Definitions and index of definitions. (a) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) "Bailee" means a person that by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading, or other document of title acknowledges possession of goods and contracts to deliver them. (2) A "carrier" means a person that issues a bill of lading. (3) "Consignee" means a person named in a bill of lading to which or to whose order the bill promises delivery. (4) "Consignor" means a person named in a bill of lading as the person from which the goods have been received for shipment. (5) "Delivery order" means a record that contains an order to deliver goods directed to a warehouse, carrier, or other person that in the ordinary course of business issues warehouse receipts or bills of lading. (6) "Good faith" means honesty in fact in the conduct or transaction concerned. (7) "Goods" means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a contract for storage or transportation. (8) "Issuer" means a bailee that issues a document of title or, in the case of an unaccepted delivery order, the person that orders the possessor of goods to deliver. The term includes a person for which an agent or employee purports to act in issuing a document if the agent or employee has real or apparent authority to issue documents, even if the issuer did not receive any goods, the goods were misdescribed, or in any other respect the agent or employee violated the issuer's instructions. (9) "Person entitled under the document" means the holder, in the case of a negotiable document of title, or the person to which delivery of the goods is to be made by the terms of, or pursuant to instructions in a record under, a nonnegotiable document of title. (10) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. (11) "Sign" means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record: (A) To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or  (B) To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic sound, symbol, or process. (12) "Shipper" means a person that enters into a contract of transportation with a carrier. (13) "Warehouse" means a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. (b) Definitions in other articles applying to this article and the sections in which they appear are: (1) "Contract for sale," Section 7-2-106. (2) "Lessee in ordinary course," Section 7-2A-103. (3) "Receipt" of goods, Section 7-2-103. (c) In addition, Article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this article. (Prior version of this section added by Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1; current section added by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)
AL Code § 7-7-103 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title.|Part 1 - General.|Section 7-7-103 - Relation of Article to Treaty or Statute.

Section 7-7-103Relation of article to treaty or statute. (a) This article is subject to any treaty or statute of the United States or regulatory statute of this state to the extent the treaty, statute, or regulatory statute is applicable. (b) This article does not modify or repeal any law prescribing the form or content of a document of title or the services or facilities to be afforded by a bailee, or otherwise regulating a bailee's business in respects not specifically treated in this article. However, violation of such a law does not affect the status of a document of title that otherwise is within the definition of a document of title. (c) This article modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. Section 7001, et seq.) but does not modify, limit, or supersede Section 101(c) of that act (15 U.S.C. Section 7001(c)) or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 103(b) of that act (15 U.S.C. Section 7003(b)). (d) To the extent there is a conflict between the Alabama Uniform Electronic Transactions Act and this article, this article governs. (Prior version of this section added by Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1; current section added by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)
AL Code § 7-7-104 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title.|Part 1 - General.|Section 7-7-104 - Negotiable and Nonnegotiable Document of Title.

Section 7-7-104Negotiable and nonnegotiable document of title. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a document of title is negotiable if by its terms the goods are to be delivered to bearer or to the order of a named person. (b) A document of title other than one described in subsection (a) is nonnegotiable. A bill of lading that states that the goods are consigned to a named person is not made negotiable by a provision that the goods are to be delivered only against an order in a record signed by the same or another named person. (c) A document of title is nonnegotiable if, at the time it is issued, the document has a conspicuous legend, however expressed, that it is nonnegotiable. (Prior version of this section added by Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1; current section added by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)
AL Code § 7-7-105 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title.|Part 1 - General.|Section 7-7-105 - Reissuance in Alternative Medium.

Section 7-7-105Reissuance in alternative medium. (a) Upon request of a person entitled under an electronic document of title, the issuer of the electronic document may issue a tangible document of title as a substitute for the electronic document if: (1) The person entitled under the electronic document surrenders control of the document to the issuer; and (2) The tangible document when issued contains a statement that it is issued in substitution for the electronic document. (b) Upon issuance of a tangible document of title in substitution for an electronic document of title in accordance with subsection (a): (1) The electronic document ceases to have any effect or validity; and (2) The person that procured issuance of the tangible document warrants to all subsequent persons entitled under the tangible document that the warrantor was a person entitled under the electronic document when the warrantor surrendered control of the electronic document to the issuer. (c) Upon request of a person entitled under a tangible document of title, the issuer of the tangible document may issue an electronic document of title as a substitute for the tangible document if: (1) The person entitled under the tangible document surrenders possession of the document to the issuer; and (2) The electronic document when issued contains a statement that it is issued in substitution for the tangible document. (d) Upon issuance of an electronic document of title in substitution for a tangible document of title in accordance with subsection (c): (1) The tangible document ceases to have any effect or validity; and (2) The person that procured issuance of the electronic document warrants to all subsequent persons entitled under the electronic document that the warrantor was a person entitled under the tangible document when the warrantor surrendered possession of the tangible document to the issuer. (Prior version of this section added by Acts 1965, No. 549, p. 811; repealed by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1; current section added by Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)
AL Code § 7-7-106 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 7 - Commercial Code.|Article 7 - Warehouse Receipts, Bills of Lading and Other Documents of Title.|Part 1 - General.|Section 7-7-106 - Control of Electronic Document of Title.

Section 7-7-106Control of electronic document of title.  (a) A person has control of an electronic document of title if a system employed for evidencing the transfer of interests in the electronic document reliably establishes that person as the person to which the electronic document was issued or transferred. (b) A system satisfies subsection (a), and a person is deemed to have control of an electronic document of title, if the document is created, stored, and assigned in such a manner that: (1) A single authoritative copy of the document exists which is unique, identifiable, and, except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (4), (5), and (6), unalterable; (2) The authoritative copy identifies the person asserting control as: a. The person to which the document was issued; or b. If the authoritative copy indicates that the document has been transferred, the person to which the document was most recently transferred; (3) The authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the person asserting control or its designated custodian; (4) Copies or amendments that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the person asserting control; (5) Each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and (6) Any amendment of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as authorized or unauthorized. (Act 2004-315, p. 464, §1.)