reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 15.2-1901.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19 - Condemnation|§ 15.2-1901.1. Condemnation by localities authorized

The governing body of any locality may acquire by condemnation title to (i) land, buildings and structures, (ii) any easement thereover or (iii) any sand, earth, gravel, water or other necessary material for the purpose of opening, constructing, repairing or maintaining a road or for any other authorized public undertaking if the terms of purchase cannot be agreed upon or the owner (a) is unknown, (b) cannot with reasonable diligence be found in the Commonwealth or (c) due to incapacity cannot negotiate an agreement. Condemnation proceedings shall be conducted under the provisions of Chapter 2 (§ 25.1-200 et seq.) of Title 25.1 insofar as applicable.Code 1950, § 25-232; 1964, c. 291, § 25-232.01; 1980, c. 559; 1986, c. 117; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1902 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19 - Condemnation|§ 15.2-1902. Condemnation proceedings generally

Except where otherwise authorized by any applicable charter provision, a locality shall exercise the power of eminent domain in the manner, and in accordance with the procedures, set out in Chapter 2 (§ 25.1-200 et seq.) or Chapter 3 (§ 25.1-300 et seq.) of Title 25.1, except that:1. Only lands or easements for (i) streets and roads, (ii) drainage facilities, (iii) water supply and sewage disposal systems, including pipes and lines, and (iv) water, sewer and governmentally owned gas, electricity, telephone, telegraph and other utility lines and pipes and related facilities, except to the extent otherwise prohibited by law, may be condemned using the procedures in Chapter 3 of Title 25.1, as provided by the applicable provisions of §§ 15.2-1904 and 15.2-1905, because the foregoing enumerated uses are inherently public uses when undertaken by a locality;2. Existing water and sewage disposal systems in their entirety shall be condemned in accordance with the procedures in § 15.2-1906;3. Oyster bottoms and grounds may be condemned utilizing the procedures in Chapter 3 of Title 25.1, as required by § 28.2-628; and4. The provisions of §§ 33.2-1007 through 33.2-1011, 33.2-1014, and 33.2-1017 shall be applicable, mutatis mutandis, with respect to any condemnation by a locality of property for highway purposes.1997, c. 587; 2003, c. 940; 2012, c. 832.
VA Code § 15.2-1903 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19 - Condemnation|§ 15.2-1903. Requirements for initiating condemnation; filing of ordinance or resolution with petition; voluntary conveyance

A. Condemnation proceedings may be instituted when:1. the locality and owner cannot agree on the compensation to be paid or other terms of purchase or settlement;2. the owner is legally incapacitated;3. either the owner or his whereabouts is unknown; or4. the owner is unable to convey valid title to the property.B. Prior to initiating condemnation proceedings, the governing body shall, after a public hearing, adopt a resolution or ordinance approving the proposed public use and directing the acquisition of property for the public use by condemnation or other means. The resolution or ordinance shall state the use to which the property shall be put and the necessity therefor. Furthermore, other political subdivisions of the Commonwealth shall also be required to hold a public hearing prior to initiating condemnation proceedings.C. When a petition for condemnation is filed by or on behalf of the locality, a true copy of the resolution or ordinance duly adopted by the governing body declaring the intended public use of the property, and the necessity therefor, may be filed with the petition, and when so filed constitutes sufficient evidence of such public use and necessity.D. The fact that no petition has been filed by a locality to condemn any interest conveyed by deed shall not by itself render such conveyance free from the threat of condemnation, nor shall such fact constitute sufficient proof of voluntary conveyance for the purposes of any taxing authority.1997, c. 587; 2006, c. 927.
VA Code § 15.2-1904 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19 - Condemnation|§ 15.2-1904. Possession of property prior to condemnation; authority to utilize expedited acquisition procedure conferred

A. When a condemnation is authorized by § 15.2-1901, a locality may enter upon and take possession of property before the conclusion of condemnation proceedings, using the procedures in Chapter 3 (§ 25.1-300 et seq.) of Title 25.1, for public purposes of (i) streets and roads, (ii) drainage facilities, (iii) water supply and sewage disposal systems, including pipes and lines, (iv) oyster beds and grounds, and for any of the purposes set out in § 15.2-1901.1. In such proceedings, the procedure may be the same as is prescribed in Chapter 2 (§ 25.1-200 et seq.) of Title 25.1 or Chapter 3 of Title 25.1. Property may be condemned after the construction of a project, as well as prior thereto. The provisions of Chapter 3 of Title 25.1 shall be used to identify the fund out of which the judgment of the court in condemnation proceedings shall be paid. However, no property of any public service corporation shall be condemned except in accordance with §§ 15.2-1906, 15.2-2146 through 15.2-2148 and 25.1-102.B. In all other condemnation proceedings authorized by § 15.2-1901, property shall be acquired by condemnation proceedings in accordance with the procedure provided in Chapter 2 of Title 25.1.C. Before entering and taking possession of any property, the locality shall pay into court or to the clerk thereof, for the property owner's benefit, such sum as the governing body estimates to be the fair value of the property taken and damage, if any, done to the residue. Such payment shall not limit the amount to be allowed under proper proceedings.D. When a locality enters upon and takes possession of property before the conclusion of condemnation proceedings pursuant to the procedures in Chapter 3 of Title 25.1, a certificate in lieu of payment may be issued by the governing body through its authorized designee, which certificate shall be countersigned by the locality's director of finance or authorized agent for availability of funds.E. As soon as practicable after the date of payment of the purchase price or the date of deposit into court of funds to satisfy the award of compensation in a condemnation proceeding to acquire real property, whichever is earlier, the locality shall reimburse the property owner, or other person legally obligated to pay the real property taxes, for the pro rata portion of real property taxes paid for the period subsequent to the date of title vesting in the locality or the effective date of possession of the real property by the locality, whichever is earlier.Code 1950, §§ 15-668.1, 15-668.2; 1954, c. 384; 1958, c. 382; 1960, c. 6; 1962, cc. 494, 511, 623, § 15.1-238; 1964, c. 269; 1979, c. 303; 1983, c. 434; 1989, c. 304; 1990, c. 514; 1997, c. 587; 2003, cc. 680, 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1906 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19 - Condemnation|§ 15.2-1906. Condemnation of existing water or sewage disposal systems

Condemnation of existing water or sewage disposal systems shall be governed by the provisions of Chapter 19.1 (§ 15.2-1908 et seq.) of this title so far as applicable. The provisions of § 25.1-102 shall not apply in the case of condemnation of an existing water or sewage disposal system in its entirety. The circuit court for the city or county wherein the property proposed to be condemned, or any part thereof, is located, shall have jurisdiction of the condemnation proceedings. It shall not be necessary to file with the petition for the condemnation of an existing water or sewage system, in its entirety, a minute inventory and description of the property sought to be condemned, provided the property is described therein generally and with reasonable particularity and in such manner as to disclose the intention of the petitioner that such existing water or sewage system be condemned in its entirety. The court having jurisdiction of the condemnation proceedings shall, as the occasion arises and prior to the filing of the report of the commissioners appointed to determine a just compensation for the property sought to be condemned in its entirety, take such steps as may be necessary and proper to cause to be included in an inventory of the property sought to be condemned full descriptions of any and all such property whenever the exigencies of the case or the ends of justice will be promoted thereby. Such inventory shall be made a part of the record in the proceedings and referred to the commissioners.Code 1950, § 15-754; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-340; 1997, c. 587; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1907 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19 - Condemnation|§ 15.2-1907. Condemnation for water supplies and water lines

Upon compliance with the applicable provisions of Chapter 2 (§ 25.1-200 et seq.) of Title 25.1, cities and towns may acquire by condemnation any lands or rights-of-way necessary for maintaining, protecting, or providing supplies of water for public use or for laying water pipes, and counties may so acquire such lands or rights-of-way within their borders. Any interest acquired under this section by a county, city or town shall be subject to the provisions of § 25.1-102.Code 1950, § 25-232; 1964, c. 291, § 25-232.01; 1980, c. 559; 1986, c. 117; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1907.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19 - Condemnation|§ 15.2-1907.1. Condemnation of lands for compensatory mitigation of wetlands

Notwithstanding any other provision of a local government charter or other special act, when authorization is required by federal or state law for any project affecting wetlands and the authorization is conditioned upon compensatory mitigation for adverse impacts to wetlands, no locality or other political subdivision shall acquire through exercise of the power of eminent domain any property to satisfy such condition unless: (i) the property sought to be acquired is located within the same locality as the project affecting wetlands, or (ii) the governing body of the locality where the property sought to be acquired consents to its acquisition for such purpose.2005, c. 311.
VA Code § 15.2-1908 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1908. Council or other governing body to file copy of resolution

In any proceedings instituted by any city or county to acquire a waterworks system by condemnation pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 2 (§ 25.1-200 et seq.) of Title 25.1, as authorized by § 15.2-1906 and §§ 15.2-2146, 15.2-2147, and 15.2-2148, after the body determining just compensation, as defined in § 25.1-100, has filed its report as provided by § 25.1-232, it shall be the duty of its council or other governing body, within such time as may be fixed and allowed by the court, to file in the proceedings a certified copy of a resolution of such council or other governing body stating whether the council or other governing body is of the opinion that it is in the best interest of the city or county to take the property sought to be condemned at the amount fixed by the body determining just compensation as compensation or damages on account of the taking of same. If such copy of the resolution be not filed within the time allowed by the court, or within any extension of such time which may be allowed, the proceedings shall be dismissed on motion of any party thereto.1938, p. 48; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-47; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1909 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1909. Such resolution to contain statement as to issuance of bonds

If in order to pay the amount fixed by the body determining just compensation it will be necessary for the city or county to issue and sell its bonds, such resolution filed shall so state, and shall further state that the council or other governing body proposes promptly to take the necessary and appropriate action required by law to issue and sell such bonds whenever authorized by § 15.2-1910.1938, p. 48; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-48; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1910 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1910. Prerequisite to issuance and sale of bonds

The necessary and appropriate action for the issuance and sale of such bonds may be taken: (i) whenever an order, decree or judgment of the court confirming the report of the body determining just compensation has become final and not subject to review by writ of error or appeal; (ii) if appealed, whenever the report shall be finally confirmed by any final appellate court; or (iii) whenever a sole defendant, if there be but one, or all of the defendants, if there be more than one, shall file in the proceedings a statement or statements that such defendant or defendants will accept the report of the body determining just compensation and will not dispute or contest in any manner the amount therein fixed or the legality of the proceedings.1938, p. 48; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-49; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1911 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1911. Statement by defendant precludes appeal

If a statement, as provided for in § 15.2-1910, is filed by each defendant, no appeal or writ of error shall thereafter be allowed such defendant.1938, p. 49; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-50; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1912 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1912. Time for sale of bonds or payment fixed by court

When such report is finally confirmed or when such defendant or defendants have filed in such proceedings the statement or statements as provided by § 15.2-1910, the court shall, upon motion of any party to the proceedings, after notice to all other parties thereto, fix a reasonable time within which the city or county must complete the issuance and sale of its bonds, if the sale of bonds is necessary, or pay the money to the party or parties entitled thereto, or pay the same into the court. Such time so fixed may be extended by the court for good cause shown.1938, p. 49; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-51; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1913 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1913. Time for holding election if revenue bonds are to be issued

If the bonds that any such city or county proposes to issue in order to raise the money necessary to pay the amount fixed in the report of the body determining just compensation will be revenue bonds requiring approval by the affirmative vote of a majority of the qualified voters in a referendum election as provided in Article VII, Section 10 of the Constitution of Virginia, the court shall allow a reasonable time for the holding of the required election.1938, p. 49; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-52; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1914 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1914. Proceedings dismissed if issuance defeated or bonds cannot be sold; resolution of approval of report not deemed contract to purchase

In the event that such an election is held and the proposed bond issue is not approved therein, or if approved and for any reason the bonds proposed to be issued by any such city or county cannot be sold upon terms which, in the opinion of the city council or other governing body, are reasonably advantageous to such city or county, then, upon motion of such city or county, the proceedings shall be dismissed and there shall be no obligation upon such city or county to take the property or pay the amount fixed by the report of the body determining just compensation, notwithstanding the fact that the council or other governing body may have filed the resolution of approval of the report of the body determining just compensation as provided by § 15.2-1908, nor shall the filing of any such resolution approving the award of the body determining just compensation be deemed to be a contract on the part of any such city or county to purchase or take the property sought to be condemned, or to render any such city or county liable in damages for failure to take same.1938, p. 49; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-53; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1915 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1915. Proceedings dismissed on failure to pay compensation; judgment for fees and costs

In the event that any such city or county fails to pay the amount fixed and ascertained by the report of the body determining just compensation, as directed by the court and within the time, or any extension thereof, allowed by the court as provided by § 15.2-1912, the proceedings shall be dismissed on motion of any party thereto. If such proceedings be so dismissed, judgment shall be entered against such city or county for all costs and the attorneys' fee or fees actually incurred by the defendant or defendants; provided, however, that the fee or fees shall be so paid only to the extent they are reasonable in the opinion of the court.1938, p. 49; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-54; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-1916 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 19.1 - Acquisition of Waterworks Systems|§ 15.2-1916. Right to pay compensation into court and take possession and operate

A. Notwithstanding any exceptions that may be filed to the report of the body determining just compensation or the pendency of proceedings on the exceptions, or any appeal or writ of error that may be contemplated or may be pending, or the pendency of any other matters in such proceedings, any such city or county shall have the right at any time pending such proceedings, after the filing of the report of the body determining just compensation, to pay into court the amount of the award fixed by the report and take possession of and operate the property sought to be condemned and embraced in such report, and to enlarge the works taken and construct additional works on any property taken and to make any needed repairs to or replacements, or substitutions with respect to the works or any part thereof. No court or judge shall enter any order or decree restraining, prohibiting or enjoining any such city or county from taking such possession of any such waterworks or other property embraced in the report of the body determining just compensation, or from operating same or making replacements, repairs, betterments or additions thereto.B. If such money is paid and possession taken within 90 days of the time of the filing of the report of the body determining just compensation, no interest on the amount of the award, or any part thereof, shall be allowable to the defendant or defendants, and if such money is paid and possession taken after the lapse of more than 90 days from the date of the filing of the report of the body determining just compensation, the court, upon hearing after due notice, shall adjudicate all claims made by the defendant or defendants for damages claimed to have been sustained and for interest on the value of the property taken, and for additions thereto or replacements during or for the time elapsed since the expiration of the 90 days. If the property taken, or any part thereof, be income producing the court shall take into consideration any income accruing to the property owner during such period, and shall also take into consideration depreciation of an operating water system as well as the cost of additions, betterments, and replacements made by the city or county. If the court finds that the property owner is entitled to receive any additional payment by reason of such matters, it shall render judgment against the city or county for the amount thereof.1938, p. 50; Michie Code 1942, § 4387a; Code 1950, § 25-55; 2003, c. 940.
VA Code § 15.2-2000 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2000. State highway systems excepted; town streets

A. Nothing contained in this chapter, except as otherwise provided, shall apply to any highway, road, street or other public right-of-way which constitutes a part of any system of state highways; however, any highway for which a locality receives highway maintenance funds pursuant to § 33.2-319 or 33.2-366 shall not, for purposes of this section, be deemed to be a part of any system of state highways.B. Public rights-of-way subject to local control under this chapter which lie within the boundaries of incorporated towns which receive highway maintenance funds pursuant to § 33.2-319 shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the town council of such town and not the board of supervisors of the county in which such town is located.C. The term "public right-of-way" as used in this chapter means any area over which the public has a general privilege to travel. It includes, but is not limited to, ways, areas between deeded right-of-way boundary lines, and easements of all descriptions that are available for general travel by the public.Code 1950, § 15-77.59:1; 1958, c. 328; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-896; 1994, c. 177; 1997, c. 587; 2005, c. 839.
VA Code § 15.2-2001 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 15.2 - Counties, Cities and Towns|Chapter 20 - Streets and Alleys|§ 15.2-2001. Streets, sidewalks and public rights-of-way generally

Every locality may lay out, open, extend, widen, narrow, establish or change the grade of, close, construct, pave, curb, gutter, plant and maintain shade trees on, improve, maintain, repair, clean and light: streets, limited access highways, express highways, roads, alleys, bridges, viaducts, subways and underpasses. Localities may make, improve and repair sidewalks upon all public rights-of-way and may convert sidewalks to bicycle paths. A locality's power and authority over its public rights-of-way and other public places shall be the same, regardless of whether the public right-of-way or place has been expressly or impliedly dedicated to public use, has been conveyed to the locality by deed, or has been acquired by any other means.Furthermore, any locality may establish highway user fees for highways that are not part of any system of state highways when such highway's traffic-carrying capacity is increased by construction or improvement.Code 1950, § 15-77.53; 1958, c. 328; 1962, c. 623, § 15.1-889; 1974, c. 407; 1997, c. 587; 2006, c. 924.