reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 38-36-131 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-131. When Decree May Be Opened

  Any person having an interest in or lien upon the land who has not been actually served with process or notified of the filing of the application or the pendency thereof may at any time within ninety days after the entry of such decree, and not afterwards, appear and file his sworn answer to such application in like manner as prescribed in section 38-36-125 for making answer if such person had no actual notice or information of the filing of such application or the pendency of the proceeding during the pendency thereof, or until within three months of the time of the filing of such answer, which facts shall be made to appear before answering by the affidavit of the person answering or the affidavit of someone in his behalf having knowledge of the facts; and also if no innocent purchaser for value has acquired an interest. If there is any such purchaser, the decree of registration shall not be opened but shall remain in full force and effect forever, subject only to the right of appeal provided for in section 38-36-130.    Any person aggrieved by such decree in any case may pursue his remedy by suit in the nature of an action of tort against the applicant or any other person for fraud in procuring the decree and may also bring his action for indemnity as provided for in section 38-36-187.    Upon the filing of such answer, and not less than ten days' notice having been given to the applicant and to such other interested parties as the court may order in such manner as directed by the court, the court shall proceed to review the case, and if the court is satisfied that the order or decree ought to be opened, an order shall be entered to that effect, and the court shall proceed to review the proceedings and shall make such order in the case as is equitable in the premises. An appeal may be allowed in this case, as well as from all other decrees affecting any registered title, within a like time and in a like manner as in the case of an original decree under this article, and not otherwise.     History. Source: L. 03: P. 324, § 28. R.S. 08: § 744. C.L. § 4954. CSA: C. 40, § 199. CRS 53: § 118-10-31. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-31. History. Source: L. 03: P. 324, § 28. R.S. 08: § 744. C.L. § 4954. CSA: C. 40, § 199. CRS 53: § 118-10-31. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-31.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Applied in White v. Ainsworth, 62 Colo. 513 , 163 P. 959, 1918E Ann. Cas. 179 (1917).
CO Code § 38-36-132 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-132. Action to Recover Land - Limitation

 No person shall commence any proceeding for the recovery of lands or any interest, right, lien, or demand therein or upon the same adverse to the title or interest as found or decreed in the decree of registration unless within ninety days after the entry of the order or decree. This section shall be construed as giving such right of action to such person only as shall not, because of some irregularity, insufficiency, or for some other cause, be bound and concluded by such order or decree.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 324, § 29. R.S. 08: § 745. C.L. § 4955. CSA: C. 40, § 200. CRS 53: § 118-10-32. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-32. History. Source: L. 03: P. 324, § 29. R.S. 08: § 745. C.L. § 4955. CSA: C. 40, § 200. CRS 53: § 118-10-32. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-32.    ANNOTATION   Applied in Gerbig v. Spelts, 89 Colo. 201 , 300 P. 606 (1931).
CO Code § 38-36-133 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-133. Certificate of Title Insures Freedom From Encumbrance - Exceptions

  Every person receiving a certificate of title in pursuance of a decree of registration and every subsequent purchaser of registered land who takes a certificate of title for value and in good faith shall hold the same free from all encumbrances, except only such estates, mortgages, liens, charges, and interests as may be noted in the last certificate of title in the registrar's office, and except any of the following rights or encumbrances subsisting, namely:   Any existing lease for a period not exceeding three years, when there is actual occupation of the premises under the lease;    All public highways embraced in the description of the land included in the certificates shall be deemed to be excluded from the certificate, and any subsisting right-of-way or other easement for ditches or water rights upon, over, or in respect to the land;    Any tax or special assessment for which a sale of the land has not been had at the date of the certificate of title;    Such right of appeal, or right to appear and contest the application, as is allowed by this article;    Liens, claims, or rights, if any, arising or existing under the constitution or laws of the United States, and which the statutes of this state cannot or do not require to appear of record in the office of the county clerk and recorder.        History. Source: L. 03: P. 325, § 30. R.S. 08: § 746. C.L. § 4956. CSA: C. 40, § 201. CRS 53: § 118-10-33. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-33. History. Source: L. 03: P. 325, § 30. R.S. 08: § 746. C.L. § 4956. CSA: C. 40, § 201. CRS 53: § 118-10-33. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-33.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).   Applied in Dillinger v. North Sterling Irrigation Dist., 129 Colo. 17 , 266 P.2d 776 (1954).
CO Code § 38-36-134 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-134. Contents of Decree - Certified Copy Filed

 Every decree of registration shall bear the year, day, hour, and minute of its entry and shall be signed by one of the judges of the district court. It shall state whether the owner is married or unmarried and, if married, the name of the husband or wife. If the owner is under disability it shall state the nature of the disability, and, if a minor, shall state his age. It shall contain a description of the land as finally determined by the court and shall set forth the estate of the owner, and also, in such manner as to show their relative priority, all particular estates, mortgages, easements, liens, attachments, homesteads, and other encumbrances, including rights of husband and wife, if any, to which the land or the owner's estate is subject and shall contain any other matter or information properly to be determined by the court in pursuance of this article. The decree shall be stated in a convenient form for transcription upon the certificate of title, to be made as provided in section 38-36-139 by the registrar of titles. Immediately upon the filing of the decree of registration, the clerk shall file a certified copy thereof in the office of the registrar of titles.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 325, § 31. R.S. 08: § 747. C.L. § 4957. CSA: C. 40, § 202. CRS 53: § 118-10-34. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-34. History. Source: L. 03: P. 325, § 31. R.S. 08: § 747. C.L. § 4957. CSA: C. 40, § 202. CRS 53: § 118-10-34. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-34.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-135 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-135. Party Acquiring Interest After Application Filed Made Defendant

 Any person who takes by conveyance, attachment, judgment, lien, or otherwise any right, title, or interest in the land subsequent to the filing of a copy of the application for registration in the office of the county clerk and recorder shall at once appear and answer as a party defendant in the proceeding for registration, and the right, title, or interest of such person shall be subject to the order or decree of the court.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 326, § 32. R.S. 08: § 748. C.L. § 4958. CSA: C. 40, § 203. CRS 53: § 118-10-35. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-35. History. Source: L. 03: P. 326, § 32. R.S. 08: § 748. C.L. § 4958. CSA: C. 40, § 203. CRS 53: § 118-10-35. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-35.
CO Code § 38-36-136 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-136. Registered Land to Remain Under This Article Unless Removed From Registration

  Unless removed from registration in the manner stated in this section, section 38-36-204, or section 38-36-205, the obtaining of a decree of registration and receiving of a certificate of title shall be deemed an agreement running with the land and binding upon the applicant and the successors in title that the land is and remains registered land and subject to this article 36 and of all amendments thereto. All dealings with the land or any estate or interest therein after the same has been brought under this article 36, and all liens, encumbrances, and charges upon the same shall be made only subject to the terms of this article 36. The owner, or his agent or attorney, of any real property registered under the terms of this article 36 may, at any time, withdraw said real property registration from the operation of this article 36 by surrendering to the registrar his duplicate certificate of ownership, duly endorsed with a signed and acknowledged request for such withdrawal.    This request may be substantially in the following form, to wit:    Thereupon such registrar shall certify on said certificate that said real property has been withdrawn from the operation of this article and shall cause said certificate with all notations, certifications, memorials, and endorsements thereon to be recorded in the office of the county clerk and recorder of the county in which said real estate is situated. The fee to be paid to the county clerk and recorder for recording said certificate shall be the sum of five dollars. Such withdrawal shall not alter or affect any title, lien, encumbrance, or right pertaining to or fixed upon such real property at the time of such withdrawal.     [Form Excluded]   History. Source: L. 03: P. 326, § 33. R.S. 08: § 749. C.L. § 4959. L. 43: P. 220, § 1. CSA: C. 40, § 204. CRS 53: § 118-10-36. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-36. L. 91: (3) amended, p. 710, § 9, effective July 1. L. 2017: (1) amended,(SB 17-140), ch. 212, p. 826, § 2, effective August 9. History. Source: L. 03: P. 326, § 33. R.S. 08: § 749. C.L. § 4959. L. 43: P. 220, § 1. CSA: C. 40, § 204. CRS 53: § 118-10-36. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-36. L. 91: (3) amended, p. 710, § 9, effective July 1. L. 2017: (1) amended,(SB 17-140), ch. 212, p. 826, § 2, effective August 9.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-137 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-137. No Title by Prescription or Adverse Possession

 No title to registered land in derogation of that of the registered owner shall ever be acquired by prescription or adverse possession.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 326, § 34. R.S. 08: § 750. C.L. § 4960. CSA: C. 40, § 205. CRS 53: § 118-10-37. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-37. History. Source: L. 03: P. 326, § 34. R.S. 08: § 750. C.L. § 4960. CSA: C. 40, § 205. CRS 53: § 118-10-37. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-37.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962). For note, “A Survey of Colorado Water Law”, see 47 Den. L. J. 226 (1970).   Applied in Dillinger v. North Sterling Irrigation Dist., 129 Colo. 17 , 266 P.2d 776 (1954).
CO Code § 38-36-138 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-138. Title to Be Registered - Register of Titles

 Immediately upon the filing of the decree of registration in the office of the registrar of titles, the registrar shall proceed to register the title or interest pursuant to the terms of the decree in the manner provided in this section. The registrar shall keep a book known as the “register of titles”, wherein he shall enter all first and subsequent original certificates of title by binding or recording them therein in the order of their numbers, consecutively, beginning with number one, with appropriate blanks for entry of memorials and notations allowed by this article. Each certificate, with such blanks, shall constitute a separate page of such book. All memorials and notations that may be entered upon the register shall be entered upon the page whereon the last certificate of title of the land to which they relate is entered. The term “certificate” or “title” used in this article includes all memorials and notations thereon.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 327, § 35. R.S. 08: § 751. C.L. § 4961. CSA: C. 40, § 206. CRS 53: § 118-10-38. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-38. History. Source: L. 03: P. 327, § 35. R.S. 08: § 751. C.L. § 4961. CSA: C. 40, § 206. CRS 53: § 118-10-38. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-38.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-139 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-139. Contents and Form of Certificate of Registration

 [Form Excluded]   History. Source: L. 03: P. 327, § 36. R.S. 08: § 752. C.L. § 4962. CSA: C. 40, § 207. CRS 53: § 118-10-39. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-39. History. Source: L. 03: P. 327, § 36. R.S. 08: § 752. C.L. § 4962. CSA: C. 40, § 207. CRS 53: § 118-10-39. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-39.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-140 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-140. Owner's Duplicate Certificate of Ownership - Signature of Owner

 The registrar shall, at the time that he enters his original certificate of title, make an exact duplicate thereof, but putting on it the words, “Owner's duplicate certificate of ownership”, and deliver the same to the owner or to his attorney duly authorized. For the purpose of preserving evidence of the signature and handwriting of the owner in his office, it is the duty of the registrar to take from the owner, in every case where it is practicable to do so, his receipt for the certificate of title, which shall be signed by the owner in person. Such receipt, when signed and delivered in the registrar's office, shall be witnessed by the registrar or deputy registrar. If such receipt is signed elsewhere, it shall be witnessed and acknowledged in the same manner as is now provided for the acknowledgment of deeds. When so signed, such receipt shall be prima facie evidence of the genuineness of such signature.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 328, § 37. R.S. 08: § 753. C.L. § 4963. CSA: C. 40, § 208. CRS 53: § 118-10-40. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-40. History. Source: L. 03: P. 328, § 37. R.S. 08: § 753. C.L. § 4963. CSA: C. 40, § 208. CRS 53: § 118-10-40. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-40.
CO Code § 38-36-141 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-141. Two or More Owners

 Where two or more persons are registered owners as tenants in common or otherwise, the owner's duplicate certificate can be issued for the entirety, or a separate duplicate owner's certificate may be issued to each owner for his undivided share.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 328, § 38. R.S. 08: § 754. C.L. § 4964. CSA: C. 40, § 209. CRS 53: § 118-10-41. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-41. History. Source: L. 03: P. 328, § 38. R.S. 08: § 754. C.L. § 4964. CSA: C. 40, § 209. CRS 53: § 118-10-41. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-41.
CO Code § 38-36-142 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-142. Subsequent Certificates

 [Form Excluded]   History. Source: L. 03: P. 328, § 39. R.S. 08: § 755. C.L. § 4965. CSA: C. 40, § 210. CRS 53: § 118-10-42. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-42. History. Source: L. 03: P. 328, § 39. R.S. 08: § 755. C.L. § 4965. CSA: C. 40, § 210. CRS 53: § 118-10-42. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-42.
CO Code § 38-36-143 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-143. Exchange of Certificates - Platting Land

 A registered owner holding one duplicate certificate for several distinct parcels of land may surrender it and take out several certificates for portions thereof. A registered owner holding several duplicate certificates for several distinct parcels of land may surrender them and take out a single duplicate certificate for all of said parcels, or several certificates for different portions thereof. Such exchange of certificates, however, shall only be made by the order of the court upon petition therefor duly made by the owner. An owner of registered land who subdivides such land into lots, blocks, or acre tracts shall file with the registrar of titles a plat of said land so subdivided, in the same manner and subject to the same rules of law and restrictions as is provided for platting land that is not registered.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 329, § 40. R.S. 08: § 756. C.L. § 4966. CSA: C. 40, § 211. CRS 53: § 118-10-43. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-43. History. Source: L. 03: P. 329, § 40. R.S. 08: § 756. C.L. § 4966. CSA: C. 40, § 211. CRS 53: § 118-10-43. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-43.
CO Code § 38-36-144 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-144. When Certificate Takes Effect

 The certificate of title shall relate back to and take effect as of the date of the decree of registration.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 329, § 41. R.S. 08: § 757. C.L. § 4967. CSA: C. 40, § 212. CRS 53: § 118-10-44. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-44. History. Source: L. 03: P. 329, § 41. R.S. 08: § 757. C.L. § 4967. CSA: C. 40, § 212. CRS 53: § 118-10-44. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-44.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).
CO Code § 38-36-145 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-145. Certificates in Evidence - Variance

 The original certificate in the registration book, any copy thereof duly certified under the signature of the registrar of titles or his deputy and authenticated by his seal, and also the owner's duplicate certificate shall be received as evidence in all the courts of this state, and shall be conclusive as to all matters contained therein, except so far as is otherwise provided in this article. In case of a variance between the owner's duplicate certificate and the original certificate, the original shall prevail.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 329, § 42. R.S. 08: § 758. C.L. § 4968. CSA: C. 40, § 213. CRS 53: § 118-10-45. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-45. History. Source: L. 03: P. 329, § 42. R.S. 08: § 758. C.L. § 4968. CSA: C. 40, § 213. CRS 53: § 118-10-45. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-45.    ANNOTATION   Exception must refer to § 38-36-133 . The exception mentioned in this section must refer to those exceptions in § 38-36-133 . Sterling Nat'l Bank v. Fischer, 75 Colo. 371 , 226 P. 146 (1924).
CO Code § 38-36-146 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-146. Indexes Kept by Registrar - Adoption of Forms

 The registrar of titles, under the direction of the court, shall make and keep indexes of all duplications and of all certified copies and decrees of registration and certificates of titles, and shall also index and file in classified order all papers and instruments filed in his office relating to applications and to registered titles. The registrar shall also, under the direction of the court, prepare and keep forms of indexes and registration and entry books. The court shall prepare and adopt convenient forms of certificates of titles, and also general forms of memorials or notations to be used by the registrars of titles in registering the common forms of conveyance and other instruments to express briefly their effect.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 330, § 43. R.S. 08: § 759. C.L. § 4969. CSA: C. 40, § 214. CRS 53: § 118-10-46. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-46. History. Source: L. 03: P. 330, § 43. R.S. 08: § 759. C.L. § 4969. CSA: C. 40, § 214. CRS 53: § 118-10-46. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-46.
CO Code § 38-36-147 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-147. Tract and Alphabetical Indexes Kept by Registrar

 The registrar of titles shall keep tract indexes, in which shall be entered the lands registered in the numerical order of the townships, ranges, sections, and, in cases of subdivisions, the blocks and lots therein, and the names of the owners, with a reference to the volume and page of the register of titles in which the lands are registered. He shall also keep alphabetical indexes, in which shall be entered in alphabetical order the names of all registered owners and all other persons interested in or holding charges upon or any interest in the registered land, with a reference to the volume and page of the register of titles in which the land is registered.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 330, § 44. R.S. 08: § 760. C.L. § 4970. CSA: C. 40, § 215. CRS 53: § 118-10-47. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-47. History. Source: L. 03: P. 330, § 44. R.S. 08: § 760. C.L. § 4970. CSA: C. 40, § 215. CRS 53: § 118-10-47. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-47.
CO Code § 38-36-148 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 38 - Property - Real and Personal|Article 36 - Torrens Title Registration Act|Part 1 - Torrens Title Registration|§ 38-36-148. Registered Land May Be Conveyed or Encumbered

 The owner of registered land may convey, mortgage, lease, charge, or otherwise encumber, dispose of, or deal with the same as fully as if it had not been registered. He may use forms of deeds, trust deeds, mortgages, and leases or voluntary instruments like those now in use and sufficient in law for the purpose intended. But no voluntary instrument of conveyance, except a will and a lease for a term not exceeding three years, purporting to convey or affect registered land, shall take effect as a conveyance or bind the land but shall operate only as a contract between the parties and as evidence of the authority to the registrar of titles to make registration. The act of registration shall be the operative act to convey or affect the land.   History. Source: L. 03: P. 330, § 45. R.S. 08: § 761. C.L. § 4971. CSA: C. 40, § 216. CRS 53: § 118-10-48. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-48. History. Source: L. 03: P. 330, § 45. R.S. 08: § 761. C.L. § 4971. CSA: C. 40, § 216. CRS 53: § 118-10-48. C.R.S. 1963: § 118-10-48.    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For article, “The Torrens Title System in Colorado”, see 39 Dicta 40 (1962).