reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Prop § 161.025 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter B. Custodian of Securities|Section 161.025. Redelivery of Security Held by Nominee

Sec. 161.025.  REDELIVERY OF SECURITY HELD BY NOMINEE.  (a)  A bank holding a security in the name of a nominee of the bank under this subchapter may not redeliver the security to the individual fiduciary who authorized its registration in the name of the nominee without registering the security in the name of the individual fiduciary, as fiduciary.(b)  A sale of the security by the bank at the direction of the individual fiduciary is not a redelivery.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3717, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.026 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter B. Custodian of Securities|Section 161.026. Disposition of Security Held by Nominee

Sec. 161.026.  DISPOSITION OF SECURITY HELD BY NOMINEE.  A bank holding a security in the name of a nominee under this subchapter may make any disposition of the security that is authorized or ordered by a court having jurisdiction of the estate or trust.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3717, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.027 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter B. Custodian of Securities|Section 161.027. Liability

Sec. 161.027.  LIABILITY.  A bank holding a security in the name of a nominee under this subchapter is liable for a loss resulting from the acts of the bank's nominee with respect to the security.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3717, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.028 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter B. Custodian of Securities|Section 161.028. Certification

Sec. 161.028.  CERTIFICATION.  (a)  On the demand of a fiduciary employing a bank to hold a security as custodian under this subchapter, the bank shall identify in a written certification the securities it holds for the fiduciary.(b)  On the demand of a party, or the attorney of a party, to an accounting by a bank holding a security in the name of a nominee under this subchapter, the bank shall identify in a written certification the securities it holds as fiduciary.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3717, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.051 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.051. Application

Sec. 161.051.  APPLICATION.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (b), this subchapter applies to a fiduciary holding a security in its fiduciary capacity and to a bank, trust company, or private banker holding a security as a fiduciary, custodian, custodian for a fiduciary, or managing agent, regardless of:(1)  the date of the agreement, instrument, or court order by which the fiduciary, custodian, or managing agent is appointed;  and(2)  ownership by the fiduciary, custodian, or managing agent of capital stock of the clearing corporation.(b)  This subchapter does not apply to a security held by a fiduciary, bank, trust company, or private banker on behalf of a domestic insurance company, unless the prior express approval of the State Board of Insurance is obtained.  The board may grant approval to all domestic insurance companies generally, or to specific insurance companies on a case-by-case basis.(c)  For the purposes of this subchapter, "fiduciary" includes a state or national bank acting in a fiduciary capacity.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3717, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.052 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.052. Authority of Fiduciary

Sec. 161.052.  AUTHORITY OF FIDUCIARY.  A fiduciary holding a security in its fiduciary capacity and a bank, trust company, or private banker holding a security as a custodian for a fiduciary, a managing agent, or a custodian may deposit or arrange for the deposit of the security with:(1)  the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas if the United States has agreed to pay or has guaranteed payment of the security's principal and interest;  or(2)  a clearing corporation, either in this state or elsewhere, regardless of whether the clearing corporation conducts or is authorized to conduct business in this state.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3718, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.053 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.053. Bulk Holdings

Sec. 161.053.  BULK HOLDINGS.  A clearing corporation may merge and hold in bulk certificates representing the same class of securities of the same issuer that are deposited with it under this subchapter, together with any other securities deposited with the clearing corporation by any person in the name of the nominee of the clearing corporation, regardless of the ownership of the securities.  Certificates of small denomination may be merged into one or more certificates of larger denomination.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3718, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.054 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.054. Records

Sec. 161.054.  RECORDS.  A fiduciary, bank, trust company, or private banker depositing a security under this subchapter shall show in its records at all times the ownership of the securities deposited in the account.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3719, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.055 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.055. Regulation

Sec. 161.055.  REGULATION.  A bank, trust company, or private banker depositing securities under this subchapter is subject to the regulations issued by the Finance Commission of Texas if the institution is chartered by this state or is private or by the comptroller of the currency if the institution is a national banking association.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3719, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.056 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.056. Book Transfers

Sec. 161.056.  BOOK TRANSFERS.  The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or a clearing corporation holding securities deposited under this subchapter may transfer ownership of or other interests in the securities by making entries in the books of the bank or corporation and without physical delivery of certificates representing the securities.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3719, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.057 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.057. Liability

Sec. 161.057.  LIABILITY.  A fiduciary who deposits securities in a clearing corporation is liable to the beneficial owner of the securities for a loss resulting from the acts or omissions of the clearing corporation.  This subchapter does not affect a liability between the fiduciary and the clearing corporation.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3719, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 161.058 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 161 - Management and Control of Securities|Subchapter C. Deposit of Security With Federal Reserve Bank or Clearing Corporation|Section 161.058. Certification

Sec. 161.058.  CERTIFICATION.  (a)  On the demand of a fiduciary for whom a bank, trust company, or private banker is acting as custodian, the bank, trust company, or private banker shall identify in a written certification the securities deposited by the bank, trust company, or private banker with the federal reserve bank or in the clearing corporation for the account of the fiduciary.(b)  On the demand of a party, or the attorney of a party, to an accounting by a fiduciary or by a bank, trust company, or private banker that is acting as a fiduciary, a custodian, a custodian for a fiduciary, or a managing agent, the fiduciary, bank, trust company, or private banker shall identify in a written certification to the party the securities deposited by the fiduciary, bank, trust company, or private banker with the federal reserve bank or the clearing corporation.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3719, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 162.001 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter A. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts|Section 162.001. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts as Trust Funds

Sec. 162.001.  CONSTRUCTION PAYMENTS AND LOAN RECEIPTS AS TRUST FUNDS.  (a)  Construction payments are trust funds under this chapter if the payments are made to a contractor or subcontractor or to an officer, director, or agent of a contractor or subcontractor, under a construction contract for the improvement of specific real property in this state.(b)  Loan receipts are trust funds under this chapter if the funds are borrowed by a contractor, subcontractor, or owner or by an officer, director, or agent of a contractor, subcontractor, or owner for the purpose of improving specific real property in this state, and the loan is secured in whole or in part by a lien on the property.(c)  A fee payable to a contractor is not considered trust funds if:(1)  the contractor and property owner have entered into a written construction contract for the improvement of specific real property in this state before the commencement of construction of the improvement and the contract provides for the payment by the owner of the costs of construction and a reasonable fee specified in the contract payable to the contractor; and(2)  the fee is earned as provided by the contract and paid to the contractor or disbursed from a construction account described by Section 162.006, if applicable.(d)  Trust funds paid to a creditor under this chapter are not property or an interest in property of a debtor who is a trustee described by Section 162.002.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3720, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1018, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1277 (H.B. 1513), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1277 (H.B. 1513), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Prop § 162.002 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter A. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts|Section 162.002. Contractors as Trustees

Sec. 162.002.  CONTRACTORS AS TRUSTEES.  A contractor, subcontractor, or owner or an officer, director, or agent of a contractor, subcontractor, or owner, who receives trust funds or who has control or direction of trust funds, is a trustee of the trust funds.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3721, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|
TX Prop § 162.003 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter A. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts|Section 162.003. Beneficiaries of Trust Funds

Sec. 162.003.  BENEFICIARIES OF TRUST FUNDS.  (a)  An artisan, laborer, mechanic, contractor, subcontractor, or materialman who labors or who furnishes labor or material for the construction or repair of an improvement on specific real property in this state is a beneficiary of any trust funds paid or received in connection with the improvement.(b)  A property owner is a beneficiary of trust funds described by Section 162.001 in connection with a residential construction contract, including funds deposited into a construction account described by Section 162.006.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3721, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1018, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1277 (H.B. 1513), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Prop § 162.004 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter A. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts|Section 162.004. Application

Sec. 162.004.  APPLICATION.  (a)  This chapter does not apply to:(1)  a bank, savings and loan, or other lender;(2)  a title company or other closing agent;  or(3)  a corporate surety who issues a payment bond covering the contract for the construction or repair of the improvement.(b)  The Texas Trust Act (Chapters 111 through 115) does not apply to any trust created under this chapter, nor does this chapter affect any provision of the Texas Trust Act.(c)  Regardless of whether a construction contract is covered by a statutory or common law payment bond, this chapter applies to a public or private construction contract for the improvement of specific real property in this state.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3721, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 578, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 31, 1987.Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1277 (H.B. 1513), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Prop § 162.005 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter A. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts|Section 162.005. Definitions

Sec. 162.005.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:(1)  A trustee acts with "intent to defraud" when the trustee:(A)  retains, uses, disburses, or diverts trust funds with the intent to deprive the beneficiaries of the trust funds;(B)  retains, uses, disburses, or diverts trust funds and fails to establish or maintain a construction account as required by Section 162.006 or fails to establish or maintain an account record for the construction account as required by Section 162.007;  or(C)  uses, disburses, or diverts trust funds that were paid to the trustee in reliance on an affidavit furnished by the trustee under Section 53.085 if the affidavit contains false information relating to the trustee's payment of current or past due obligations.(2)  "Current or past due obligations" are those obligations incurred or owed by the trustee for labor or materials furnished in the direct prosecution of the work under the construction contract prior to the receipt of the trust funds and which are due and payable by the trustee no later than 30 days following receipt of the trust funds.(3)  "Direct cost" means a cost included under a construction contract that is specific to the construction of the improvement that is the subject of the contract.(4)  "Indirect cost" means a cost included under a construction contract that is not specific to the construction of the improvement that is the subject of the contract.(5)  "Financial institution" means a bank, savings association, savings bank, credit union, or savings and loan association authorized to do business in the state.(6)  "Construction account" means an account in a financial institution into which only trust funds and funds deposited by the contractor that are necessary to pay charges imposed on the account by the financial institution may be maintained.|Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 578, Sec. 3, eff. Aug. 31, 1987.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1018, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Prop § 162.006 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter A. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts|Section 162.006. Construction Account Required in Certain Circumstances

Sec. 162.006.  CONSTRUCTION ACCOUNT REQUIRED IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.  (a)  A contractor who enters into a written contract with a property owner to construct improvements to a residential homestead for an amount exceeding $5,000 shall deposit the trust funds in a construction account in a financial institution.(b)  The periodic statement received from the financial institution must refer to the account as a "construction account" to satisfy the requirements of this section.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1018, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Prop § 162.007 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter A. Construction Payments and Loan Receipts|Section 162.007. Management of Construction Accounts

Sec. 162.007.  MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ACCOUNTS.  (a)  A contractor required to maintain a construction account under this subchapter shall maintain an account record for the construction account that provides information relating to:(1)  the source and amount of the funds in the account and the date the funds were deposited;(2)  the date and amount of each disbursement from the account and the person to whom the funds were disbursed;  and(3)  the current balance of the account.(b)  The contractor shall maintain an account record for each construction project that specifies the direct costs and indirect costs charged to the owner.(c)  The contractor shall retain all invoices and other supporting documentation received relating to funds that were disbursed from the construction account.(d)  The contractor shall ensure that all deposit and disbursement documentation includes the construction account number or information that provides a direct connection between the documentation and the account.(e)  The contractor may not destroy information required to be maintained under this section before the first anniversary of the date the improvement that is the subject of the contract is completed.|Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1018, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Prop § 162.031 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter B. Misapplication of Trust Funds|Section 162.031. Misapplication of Trust Funds

Sec. 162.031.  MISAPPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS.  (a)  A trustee who, intentionally or knowingly or with intent to defraud, directly or indirectly retains, uses, disburses, or otherwise diverts trust funds without first fully paying all current or past due obligations incurred by the trustee to the beneficiaries of the trust funds, has misapplied the trust funds.(b)  It is an affirmative defense to prosecution or other action brought under Subsection (a) that the trust funds not paid to the beneficiaries of the trust were used by the trustee to pay the trustee's actual expenses directly related to the construction or repair of the improvement or have been retained by the trustee, after notice to the beneficiary who has made a request for payment, as a result of the trustee's reasonable belief that the beneficiary is not entitled to such funds or have been retained as authorized or required by Chapter 53.(c)  It is also an affirmative defense to prosecution or other action brought under Subsection (a) that the trustee paid the beneficiaries all trust funds which they are entitled to receive no later than 30 days following written notice to the trustee of the filing of a criminal complaint or other notice of a pending criminal investigation.(d)  A trustee who commingles trust funds with other funds in the trustee's possession does not defeat a trust created by this chapter.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3721, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 578, Sec. 4, eff. Aug. 31, 1987.Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1277 (H.B. 1513), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2009.|
TX Prop § 162.032 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter B. Misapplication of Trust Funds|Section 162.032. Penalties

Sec. 162.032.  PENALTIES.  (a)  A trustee who misapplies trust funds amounting to $500 or more in violation of this chapter commits a Class A misdemeanor.(b)  A trustee who misapplies trust funds amounting to $500 or more in violation of this chapter, with intent to defraud, commits a felony of the third degree.(c)  A trustee who fails to establish or maintain a construction account in violation of Section 162.006 or fails to establish or maintain an account record for the construction account in violation of Section 162.007 commits a Class A misdemeanor.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3722, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.  Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 578, Sec. 5, eff. Aug. 31, 1987;  Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1018, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.|
TX Prop § 162.033 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Property Code|Title 10 - Miscellaneous Beneficial Property Interests|Subtitle B - Fiduciaries|Chapter 162 - Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and Misapplication of Trust Funds|Subchapter B. Misapplication of Trust Funds|Section 162.033. Election of Offenses

Sec. 162.033.  ELECTION OF OFFENSES.  If the misapplication of trust funds by a trustee constitutes another offense punishable under the laws of this state, the state may elect the offense for which it will prosecute the trustee.|Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3722, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.|