reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MI Comp L § 259.457 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.457 - Board of Appeals; Provision, Powers.

259.457 Board of appeals; provision, powers. Sec. 27.  All airport zoning regulations adopted under the provisions of this act shall provide for a board of appeals to have and exercise the following powers:  (a) To hear and decide appeals from any order, requirement, decision, or determination made by the administrative agency in the enforcement of the zoning regulations, as provided in section 29;  (b) To hear and decide any special exceptions to the terms of the airport zoning regulations upon which such board may be required to pass under such regulations;  (c) To hear and decide specific variances under section 24. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.458 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.458 - Board of Appeals; Members, Appointment, Terms, Officers, Removals, Rules, Meetings, Records, Subpoenas.

259.458 Board of appeals; members, appointment, terms, officers, removals, rules, meetings, records, subpoenas. Sec. 28.  Where a zoning board of appeals already exists it may be appointed as the board of appeals under this act. Otherwise, the board of appeals shall consist of 5 members, each to be appointed for a term of 3 years and until his successor is appointed and qualified, 1 of whom shall be designated as chairman and 1 of whom shall be designated as vice-chairman, which appointments shall be made by the governing body of the political subdivision adopting the regulations, or by the joint airport zoning board adopting the regulations, as the case may be; and said members shall be removable by the appointing body for cause shown, upon written charges and after notice and opportunity for public hearing before the appointing body.  The concurring vote of a majority of the members of the board of appeals shall be sufficient for all purposes including the reversal of any order, requirement, decision or determination of the administrative agency, or a decision in favor of the applicant on any matter upon which it is required to pass under the airport zoning regulations, or to effect any variation in such regulations.  The board shall adopt rules concerning its organization and procedure and other authorized matters, consistent with the provisions of this act, and in accordance with the provisions of the ordinance or resolution by which it was created. Meetings of the board shall be held at the call of the chairman and at such other times as the board may determine. The chairman, or in his absence, the vice-chairman, may administer oaths or affirmations and issue subpoenas to compel the attendance of witnesses. All hearings of the board shall be public. The board shall keep minutes of its proceedings, showing the vote of each member upon each question, or, if absent or failing to vote, indicating such fact, and shall keep records of its examinations and other official actions, all of which shall be immediately filed in the offices of the board and shall be a public record.  In case of disobedience of a subpoena, the board or its duly authorized agents may invoke the aid of any circuit court of the state of Michigan in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, records and papers pertaining to the question involved. Any of the circuit courts of the state within the jurisdiction of which such inquiry is carried on may, in case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena, issue an order requiring such person to appear before said board or its duly authorized agents and to produce books, records and papers if so ordered and give evidence touching the matter in question; and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.459 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.459 - Appeals; Filing, Hearing, Notice.

259.459 Appeals; filing, hearing, notice. Sec. 29.  In cases where airport zoning regulations are adopted by a political subdivision or joint airport zoning board under sections 13, 14, 15 or 17, any person, including the commission on behalf of the state, aggrieved by any decision of an administrative agency made in its administration of airport zoning regulations adopted under this act, or any governing body of a political subdivision, or any joint airport zoning board, which is of the opinion that a decision of such an administrative agency is an improper application of airport zoning regulations of concern to such governing body or board, may appeal to the board of appeals authorized to hear and decide appeals from the decisions of such administrative agency.  All appeals taken under this section must be taken within a reasonable time, as provided by the rules of the board, by filing with the agency from which the appeal is taken and with the board, a notice of appeal specifying the grounds thereof. The agency from which the appeal is taken shall forthwith transmit to the board all the papers constituting the record upon which the action appealed from was taken.  An appeal shall stay all proceedings in furtherance of the action appealed from, unless the agency from which the appeal is taken certifies to the board, after the notice of appeal has been filed with it, that by reason of the facts stated in the certificate a stay would, in its opinion, cause imminent peril to life or property. In such cases, proceedings shall not be stayed otherwise than by order of the board on notice to the agency from which the appeal is taken and on due cause shown.  The board shall fix a reasonable time for the hearing of appeals, give public notice and due notice to the parties in interest, and decide the same within a reasonable time. Upon the hearing any party may appear in person or by agent or by attorney.  The board may, in conformity with the provisions of this act, reverse or affirm, wholly or partly, or modify, the order, requirement, decisions, or determination appealed from and may make such order, requirement, decision, or determination as ought to be made, and to that end shall have all the powers of the administrative agency from which the appeal is taken. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.460 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.460 - Appeals; Petitions for Review by Circuit Court.

259.460 Appeals; petitions for review by circuit court. Sec. 30.  Any person, including the commission, on behalf of and in the name of the state, aggrieved by any decision of a board of appeals, or any governing body of a political subdivision or any joint airport zoning board who is of the opinion that a decision of a board of appeals is erroneous, after first exhausting the remedies provided by such board, may present to the circuit court in any county in which the board transacts its business, a verified petition setting forth that the decision is erroneous, in whole or in part, and specifying the grounds of the error. Such petition shall be presented to the court within 30 days after the decision is filed in the office of the board. When petitions for review are filed in qualified courts located in different counties, the court in which a petition is filed first shall have exclusive jurisdiction of the matter. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.461 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.461 - Board of Appeals; Certiorari; Jurisdiction of Court.

259.461 Board of appeals; certiorari; jurisdiction of court. Sec. 31.  Upon presentation of such petition the court may allow a writ of certiorari directed to the board of appeals to review such decisions of the board. The allowance of the writ shall not stay proceedings upon the decision appealed from, but the court may, on application, or notice to the board and on due cause shown, grant a restraining order.  The board of appeals shall not be required to return the original papers acted upon by it, but it shall be sufficient to return certified or sworn copies thereof or of such portions thereof as may be called for by the writ. The return shall concisely set forth such other facts as may be pertinent and material to show the grounds of the decision appealed from and shall be verified.  The court shall have exclusive jurisdiction to affirm, modify, or set aside the decision brought up for review, in whole or in part, and if need be, to order further proceedings by the board of appeals. The findings of fact of the board if supported by substantial evidence, shall be accepted by the court as conclusive.  In any case in which airport zoning regulations adopted under this act, although generally reasonable, are held by a court to interfere with the use or enjoyment of a particular structure or parcel of land to such an extent, or to be so onerous in their application to such a structure or parcel of land, as to constitute a taking or deprivation of that property in violation of the constitution of this state or the constitution of the United States, such holding shall not affect the application of such regulations to other structures and parcels of land. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.462 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.462 - Approach Protection; Acquisition of Property by Aeronautics Commission.

259.462 Approach protection; acquisition of property by aeronautics commission. Sec. 32.  In any case in which: (a) it is desired to remove, lower, or otherwise terminate a non-conforming structure, tree or use; or (b) the approach protection necessary cannot, because of constitutional limitations, be provided by airport zoning regulations under this act; or (c) it appears advisable that the necessary approach protection be provided by acquisition of property rights rather than by airport zoning regulations, the commission, on behalf of and in the name of the state, within the limitation of available appropriations, or each political subdivision within which the property or non-conforming use is wholly or partly located or the political subdivision owning, operating, controlling or which is lessee or lessor of the airport or is served by it may acquire, by purchase, grant, or condemnation in the manner provided by the law under which the commission, on behalf of and in the name of the state, or political subdivisions are authorized to acquire real property for public purposes, such air right, avigation easement, or other estate or interest in the property or non-conforming structure or use in question as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of this act. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.463 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.463 - Violation of Act or Regulations; Penalty.

259.463 Violation of act or regulations; penalty. Sec. 33.  Any person who shall violate this act or any regulations, orders, or rulings promulgated or made pursuant to this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $100.00 and imprisonment for a term not to exceed 90 days, and each day a violation continues to exist after notice shall constitute a separate offense. In addition, the political subdivision or joint airport zoning board adopting airport zoning regulations under this act may institute in the circuit court of any county in which the airport hazard area is located, in whole or in part, in connection with which such airport zoning regulations were adopted, an action to prevent, restrain, correct or abate any violation of this act, or of airport zoning regulations adopted under this act, or of any order or ruling made in connection with their administration or enforcement, and the court shall adjudge to the plaintiff such relief, by way of injunction (which may be mandatory) or otherwise, as may be proper under all the facts and circumstances of the case, in order to fully effectuate the purposes of this act and of the regulations adopted and orders and rulings made pursuant thereto. History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.464 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.464 - Airport Zoning Act; Short Title.

259.464 Airport zoning act; short title. Sec. 34.  This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Airport Zoning Act." History: 1950, Ex. Sess., Act 23, Imd. Eff. June 7, 1950
MI Comp L § 259.465 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 23 of 1950 (Ex. Sess.) - Airport Zoning Act (259.431 - 259.465)|Section 259.465 - Powers and Duties of Contiguous Political Subdivision in Adjoining State as to Airports, Landing Fields, and Other Aeronautical Facilities.

259.465 Powers and duties of contiguous political subdivision in adjoining state as to airports, landing fields, and other aeronautical facilities. Sec. 35.  The governing body of a contiguous political subdivision in an adjoining state whose laws permit may acquire, establish, construct, enlarge, own, control, lease, equip, improve, maintain, and operate airports, landing fields, and other aeronautical facilities in this state with a political subdivision thereof, subject to the laws and rules of this state applicable to its political subdivisions in aeronautical projects and subject to the laws of the other state in matters relating to financing the projects. A political subdivision of an adjoining state shall have the same privileges, rights, and duties of a like political subdivision of this state. This section shall not apply unless the laws of the adjoining state permit political subdivisions of this state to acquire, establish, construct, enlarge, own, control, lease, equip, improve, maintain, operate, and otherwise control airports, landing fields, and other aeronautical facilities in the adjoining state with all privileges, rights, and duties applicable to the other political subdivisions of that state in aeronautical projects. History: Add. 1976, Act 158, Imd. Eff. June 17, 1976
MI Comp L § 259.482 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 259 of 1959 - Tall Structure Act (259.481 - 259.493)|Section 259.482 - Permit Required for Construction of Certain Structures.

259.482 Permit required for construction of certain structures. Sec. 2.  Without a permit issued by the commission, a person shall not construct any of the following:  (a) A structure regulated under section 2a or 4.  (b) A structure that is, or that increases the height of an existing structure, higher than 200 feet above the ground elevation at the structure's site or higher than an imaginary plane extending outward and upward at any of the following slopes:  (i) For an airport with at least 1 runway that is more than 3,200 feet in length, 100 to 1 for a horizontal distance of 20,000 feet from the nearest point of the nearest runway.  (ii) For an airport whose longest runway is 3,200 feet or less in length, excluding heliports, 50 to 1 for a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet from the nearest point of the nearest runway.  (iii) For a heliport, 25 to 1 for a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet from the nearest point of the nearest landing and takeoff area. History: 1959, Act 259, Eff. Mar. 19, 1960 ;-- Am. 1986, Act 296, Eff. Apr. 1, 1987
MI Comp L § 259.482a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 259 of 1959 - Tall Structure Act (259.481 - 259.493)|Section 259.482a - Issuance of Permit Allowing Construction, Replacement, or Increase in Height of Certain Structures; Conditions.

259.482a Issuance of permit allowing construction, replacement, or increase in height of certain structures; conditions.Sec. 2a.  (1) The commission shall not issue a permit allowing construction, replacement, or an increase in height of a structure that violates the requirements of an applicable zoning ordinance adopted by a political subdivision under the airport zoning act, 1950 (Ex Sess) PA 23, MCL 259.431 to 259.465, unless the applicant has obtained the approval of a variance from the ordinance and an airspace study has been conducted by the commission resulting in a finding of noninterference to air navigation.  (2) Unless an airspace study has been made by the commission resulting in a finding of noninterference to air navigation, the commission shall not issue a permit allowing construction of any of the following structures, or replacement of or an increase in the height of a structure that creates any of the following structures:  (a) A structure that is over 500 feet above ground elevation at the structure's site and that is within 2 miles of a well-defined natural landmark such as a shoreline or river; a manmade landmark such as a railroad, canal, or road; or a low altitude airway.  (b) A structure of a height that would increase the minimum obstruction clearance altitude, the minimum safe altitude prescribed by the FAA, or the minimum altitude required for a safe instrument approach.  (c) A structure that would encroach into a runway's primary surface.  (d) A structure of a height that would penetrate a runway's approach surface.  (e) A structure of a height that would penetrate a runway's transitional surface.  (f) A structure of a height that would penetrate a runway's horizontal surface.  (g) A structure of a height that would penetrate a runway's conical surface.  (h) A structure that would encroach into a heliport primary surface.  (i) A structure of a height that would penetrate a heliport approach surface. History: Add. 1986, Act 296, Eff. Apr. 1, 1987 ;-- Am. 2016, Act 28, Eff. May 30, 2016
MI Comp L § 259.482b (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 259 of 1959 - Tall Structure Act (259.481 - 259.493)|Section 259.482b - Width of Primary Surface; Length of Primary Surface; Elevation.

259.482b Width of primary surface; length of primary surface; elevation.Sec. 2b.  (1) Based upon the most precise approach available or planned for either end of a runway, the width of the primary surface is 1 of the following:   (a) For a utility runway that permits only a visual approach............................................... 250 feet   (b) For a utility runway that permits a nonprecision instrument approach....................... 500 feet   (c) For other than a utility runway that permits only a visual approach................................. 500 feet   (d) For other than a utility runway that permits a nonprecision instrument approach and for which the FAA has established a visibility minimum that is greater than 3/4 of a statute mile............................. 500 feet   (e) For other than a utility runway that permits a nonprecision instrument approach and for which the FAA has established a visibility minimum that is as low as 3/4 of a statute mile or less.......................... 1,000 feet   (f) For a runway that permits a precision instrument approach.................................... 1,000 feet  (2) Based upon the type of runway surface, the length of the primary surface is 1 of the following:  (a) For a runway with a prepared hard surface or for which there are plans for a prepared hard surface, the length of the runway plus 200 feet beyond each end of the runway.  (b) For a runway other than a runway described in subdivision (a), the length of the runway.  (3) The elevation of a point on a primary surface is the same as the elevation of the point on the runway's centerline nearest to the point on the primary surface. History: Add. 1986, Act 296, Eff. Apr. 1, 1987
MI Comp L § 259.482c (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 259 of 1959 - Tall Structure Act (259.481 - 259.493)|Section 259.482c - Width of Approach Surface; Outward and Upward Extension of Approach Surface.

259.482c Width of approach surface; outward and upward extension of approach surface.Sec. 2c.  (1) Based upon the most precise approach available or planned for the end of a runway, the width of the approach surface at the end of the primary surface equals the width of the primary surface and expands uniformly to the following maximum width:   (a) For the end of a utility runway, which end has only a visual approach procedure....................... 1,200 feet   (b) For the end of other than a utility runway, which end has only a visual approach procedure.............................................. 1,500 feet   (c) For the end of a utility runway, which end has a nonprecision instrument approach procedure.............................................. 2,000 feet   (d) For the end of other than a utility runway, which end has a nonprecision instrument approach procedure and a visibility minimum established by the FAA that is greater than 3/4 of a statute mile................................................... 3,500 feet   (e) For the end of other than a utility runway, which end has a nonprecision instrument approach procedure and a visibility minimum established by the FAA that is 3/4 of a statute mile or less................................................... 4,000 feet   (f) For the end of a runway, which end has a precision approach procedure........................... 16,000 feet  (2) Based upon the most precise approach available or planned for the end of a runway, the approach surface extends outward and upward at the following slope for the following distance:  (a) For the end of a utility runway regardless of the available or planned approach, or for the end of other than a utility runway which end has only a visual approach procedure, a slope of 20 to 1 for 5,000 feet from the end of the primary surface.  (b) For the end of other than a utility runway, which end has a nonprecision instrument approach procedure, a slope of 34 to 1 for 10,000 feet from the end of the primary surface.  (c) For the end of other than a utility runway, which end has a precision instrument approach procedure, a slope of 50 to 1 for 10,000 feet from the end of the primary surface and, from that point, a slope of 40 to 1 for an additional 40,000 feet. History: Add. 1986, Act 296, Eff. Apr. 1, 1987
MI Comp L § 259.482d (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 259 - Aviation|Act 259 of 1959 - Tall Structure Act (259.481 - 259.493)|Section 259.482d - Extension of Transitional Surface.

259.482d Extension of transitional surface.Sec. 2d.  (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a runway's transitional surface extends to the intersection of the transitional surface with the horizontal surface.  (2) For a runway that has a precision instrument approach, the transitional surface beginning at the side of a runway's approach surface extends for 5,000 feet measured horizontally from the side of the approach surface. History: Add. 1986, Act 296, Eff. Apr. 1, 1987 ;-- Am. 2016, Act 28, Eff. May 30, 2016