reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 46.2-1234 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12 - Abandoned, Immobilized, Unattended and Trespassing Vehicles; Parking|§ 46.2-1234. Liability of persons furnishing free parking accommodations as to motor vehicles and property left therein

No action shall lie or proceeding be brought against any person conducting any business and maintaining a parking lot at which free parking accommodations are provided for customers or employees of such business, when a motor vehicle is parked in such parking lot, for the total or partial loss of any motor vehicle because of theft or damage by any person other than an employee or for the total or partial loss of property left in the motor vehicle because of theft or damage by any person other than an employee.As used in this section, "free parking accommodations" means parking accommodations for which no specific charge is made and the patronage of the business by customers and the performance of the regular services for the business by employees shall not constitute the payment of any consideration for the use of the parking accommodations.Nothing in this section shall relieve any person of liability resulting from his own wrongdoing.Code 1950, § 46-542; 1952, c. 357; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-552; 1989, c. 727.
VA Code § 46.2-1235 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12 - Abandoned, Immobilized, Unattended and Trespassing Vehicles; Parking|§ 46.2-1235. Authority of Chesterfield County law-enforcement officers to issue parking tickets

Law-enforcement officers employed by Chesterfield County are authorized to issue tickets or citations for motor vehicles that are illegally parked anywhere in Chesterfield County.1989, c. 727.
VA Code § 46.2-1239 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12 - Abandoned, Immobilized, Unattended and Trespassing Vehicles; Parking|§ 46.2-1239. Parking in certain locations; penalty

No person shall park a vehicle or permit it to stand, whether attended or unattended, on a highway in front of a private driveway, within 15 feet of a fire hydrant or the entrance to a fire station, within 15 feet of the entrance to a plainly designated emergency medical services agency, or within 20 feet from the intersection of curb lines or, if none, then within 15 feet of the intersection of property lines at any highway intersection.Code 1950, § 46-263; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-258; 1972, c. 528; 1984, c. 126; 1989, c. 727; 2015, cc. 502, 503.
VA Code § 46.2-1243 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1243. Enforcement by private security guards in certain localities

The local governing bodies of Franklin County, Henry County, and the Cities of Danville and Martinsville may by ordinance provide that, in privately owned parking areas open to the public, a summons for violation of an ordinance promulgated under § 46.2-1242 may be issued by (i) private security guards licensed under the provisions of Article 4 (§ 9.1-138 et seq.) of Chapter 1 of Title 9.1 and deputized to issue a summons for the offense by the chief law-enforcement officer of the county or city in which the private parking area is located or (ii) any owner of the private parking area of a nursing home, as defined in § 32.1-123, or agent or employee thereof, provided that such owner has registered in writing on his own behalf or on behalf of his agent or employee with the chief law-enforcement officer of the locality his intention to issue summonses pursuant to this section.1997, cc. 783, 904; 2002, c. 390.
VA Code § 46.2-1244 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1244. Volunteer disabled parking enforcement units

A. The governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance provide that its law-enforcement agency establish and supervise volunteers to enforce violations of § 46.2-1242.B. Excluding § 46.2-1242, volunteers acting pursuant to this section shall not have the power or duty to enforce any other traffic or criminal laws of the state or any county, city, or town.C. No volunteer acting pursuant to this section shall carry a firearm or other weapon during the course of his volunteer enforcement duties.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1245 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1245. Four hours' free parking in time-restricted or metered spaces; local option

A. The disabled person, vehicle owner, or volunteer for an institution or organization to which disabled parking license plates, organizational removable windshield placards, permanent windshield placards, or temporary removable windshield placards are issued or any person to whom disabled parking license plates have been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739 shall be allowed to park the vehicle on which such license plates or placards are displayed for up to four hours in metered or unmetered parking zones restricted as to length of parking time permitted and shall be exempted from paying parking meter fees of any county, city, or town.B. This section shall not apply to any local ordinance which creates zones where stopping, standing, or parking is prohibited, or which creates parking zones for special types of vehicles, nor shall it apply to any local ordinance which prohibits parking during heavy traffic periods, during specified rush hours, or where parking would clearly present a traffic hazard.C. The governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance provide that this section shall not apply within the boundaries or within any designated portion of such county, city, or town. Any county, city, or town adopting an ordinance pursuant to this subsection shall indicate by signs or other reasonable notice that the provisions of this section do not apply in such county, city, or town or designated portion thereof.1997, cc. 783, 904; 2012, cc. 17, 286.
VA Code § 46.2-1246 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1246. Towing of unauthorized vehicles

A. The owner or duly authorized agent of the owner of a parking space properly designated and clearly marked as reserved for use by persons with disabilities that limit or impair their ability to walk may have any vehicle not displaying disabled parking license plates, organizational removable windshield placards, permanent removable windshield placards, temporary removable windshield placards, or DV disabled parking license plates removed from the parking space and stored.B. The owner of a vehicle which has been removed and stored may regain possession of his vehicle on payment to the person or persons who removed and stored the vehicle all reasonable costs incidental to the removal and storage. The owner of the vehicle, on notice to the owner or duly authorized agent of the owner of the parking space, may also petition the general district court having jurisdiction over the location where the parking occurred for an immediate determination as to whether the removal of the vehicle was lawful. If the court finds that the removal was unlawful, the court shall direct the owner of the parking space to pay the costs incidental to the removal and storage of the vehicle and return the vehicle to its owner.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1247 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1247. Counterfeiting disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who creates a counterfeit or unauthorized replica of a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1248 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1248. Use of counterfeit disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who displays a counterfeit or unauthorized replica of a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard and parks in a disabled parking space or attempts to use the parking privileges afforded by § 46.2-1245, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1249 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1249. Alteration of disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who alters a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1250 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1250. Unauthorized use of disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who parks in a space reserved for persons with disabilities that limit or impair their ability to walk or attempts to use the parking privileges afforded by § 46.2-1245 and displays a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard which has been issued to another person, and is not transporting a person with a disability which limits or impairs his ability to walk, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1251 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1251. Fraudulently obtaining a disabled parking license plate or placard; penalty

A. Any person who makes a false statement of material fact to obtain or assist an individual in obtaining a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1252 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1252. Selling or exchanging a disabled parking license plate or placard; penalty

A. Any person who sells or exchanges for consideration any valid, altered, or counterfeit disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1253 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1253. Providing a disabled parking license plate or placard; penalty

A. Any person who knowingly provides to another person, without sale or exchange of consideration, any valid, altered, or counterfeit disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, permanent removable windshield placard, temporary removable windshield placard, or organizational removable windshield placard, shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1254 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1254. Photo identification

Any law-enforcement officer or private security guard acting pursuant to § 46.2-1243 may request to examine the driver's license, state identification card, or other form of photo identification of any person using disabled parking privileges afforded by this chapter.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1255 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1255. Confiscation of disabled parking placards

A. Any law-enforcement officer or private security guard acting pursuant to § 46.2-1243 who issues a summons to or arrests an individual for any violation of §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253 may confiscate the defendant's permanent, temporary, or organizational removable windshield placard and shall notify, by mail or facsimile, the Department of Motor Vehicles of such confiscation and the number of the placard involved.B. After receiving notice specified in subsection A of this section, the Department may prohibit the issuance of any form of disabled parking license plate or placard to the defendant until the defendant's charge under §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253 reaches final disposition, including appeals.C. Upon the defendant's acquittal for any violation of §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253, the law-enforcement officer or private security guard shall return the confiscated placard to the defendant and the court shall notify the Department of such acquittal by electronic or other means. Upon the defendant's conviction for any violation of §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253, the law-enforcement officer or private security guard shall send the confiscated placard to the Department and the court shall notify the Department pursuant to § 46.2-1256.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1256 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1256. Notice of convictions; revocation of disabled parking placards and license plates

A. Upon the entry of a conviction under §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1253, or under any ordinance which incorporates any of those sections by reference, the court shall send notice of the conviction and the number of the license plate or placard involved to the Commissioner. Such notice may be transmitted by electronic means.B. Upon receiving notice pursuant to subsection A of this section, the Commissioner may revoke any disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate, organizational, permanent, or temporary placard of an individual or organization found guilty under §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1253 if he finds, after a hearing if requested by the person to whom the license plate or placard is issued, that such person (i) is not a person with a disability that limits or impairs his ability to walk and is not otherwise eligible to be issued a license plate or a placard pursuant to §§ 46.2-731, 46.2-739, or § 46.2-1241, or (ii) is authorized to have such license plate or placard but has allowed the abuse or misuse of the privilege granted thereby so that revocation appears appropriate to remedy the abuse or misuse.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1258 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1258. Reciprocity

Disabled parking license plates, permanent removable windshield placards, temporary removable windshield placards, and DV disabled parking license plates issued by other states and countries for the purpose of identifying vehicles permitted to use parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities that limit or impair their ability to walk shall be accorded all rights and privileges accorded vehicles displaying such devices issued in Virginia.1997, cc. 783, 904.
VA Code § 46.2-1259 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities|§ 46.2-1259. Placard issuance; additional requirements

In developing and issuing organizational, permanent, and temporary removable windshield placards pursuant to the requirements of § 46.2-1240, the Commissioner shall, in consultation with representatives of law-enforcement and disability services boards, develop and issue placards that are (i) resistant to tampering, alteration, and counterfeiting, (ii) clear and legible, and (iii) protective of the privacy rights of the placard user to the extent the requirements of § 46.2-1240 allow.1997, cc. 783, 904; 2010, c. 47.
VA Code § 46.2-1301 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments|§ 46.2-1301. Designation of stop and yield right-of-way intersections

The governing body of any county, city, or town operating its own system of roads may by ordinance authorize the city or town manager or some other local officer to designate intersections, other than intersections at which one or more of the intersecting streets have been designated as a part of the primary state highway system in a town which has a population of less than 3,500, at which vehicles shall come to a full stop or yield the right-of-way. No such ordinance shall be violated if, at the time of the alleged violation the sign or marker placed in conformity with this section is missing or is defaced so that an ordinarily observant person under the same circumstances would not be aware of the existence of the regulation.1958, c. 541, § 46.1-180.1; 1989, c. 727.
VA Code § 46.2-1302 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments|§ 46.2-1302. Regulation of operation of vehicles in snow, sleet, etc.; designation of play areas; penalties

The governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance regulate the operation of vehicles on the highways in such county, city, or town in the event of snow, sleet, hail, freezing rain, ice, water, flood, high wind, storm or the threat thereof. In addition to the general powers granted by this section, and any other provisions of this title notwithstanding, any such ordinance may:1. Prohibit vehicles from parking or operating on designated highways;2. Authorize the designation and posting of highways as snow routes and prohibit any person to obstruct or impede traffic on a highway designated and posted as a snow route through his failure to have the vehicle operated by him equipped with snow tires or chains;3. Prohibit the abandoning of vehicles on designated highways;4. Authorize the removal of vehicles that are stalled, stuck, parked, or abandoned on designated highways;5. Authorize the storing of removed vehicles and the imposition of reasonable charges for removal and storage;6. Authorize the designation of certain highways, or portions thereof, as play areas for sledding and similar recreational activities. No city or town shall be liable in any civil action or proceeding for damages resulting from any injury to the person or property of any person caused by an act or omission constituting simple or ordinary negligence on the part of any officer or agent of any such city or town in the designation or operation of any such play area. Every such city or town may be liable in damages for the gross or wanton negligence of any of its officers or agents in the operation of any such play area;7. Authorize and regulate the operation of snowmobiles on or across streets and highways during periods of snow or ice or at the direction of any law-enforcement officer during an emergency;8. Set fines for violations. Such fines may be in place of or in addition to the removal and storage of the vehicle and charges therefor, but no such fine shall exceed fifty dollars for each such offense.1962, c. 431, § 46.1-180.2; 1980, c. 37; 1989, c. 727; 1997, c. 47.
VA Code § 46.2-1303 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments|§ 46.2-1303. Issuance of permits to perform construction or repair work within right-of-way lines of public roadways

The governing body of any county, city, or town having jurisdiction over and responsibility for the construction and maintenance of public roadways within its boundaries may by ordinance authorize an officer or agency of such political subdivision to issue a permit prior to the performance by any person, firm, partnership or corporation of construction and repair work within the right-of-way lines of any public highways under the jurisdiction of the political subdivision. Such authority, however, shall not extend to any railroad crossings or to any highways under the jurisdiction of the Virginia Department of Transportation. Such ordinance may provide that:1. No person, firm, partnership or corporation shall enter into any repair, alteration, construction, or reconstruction of any type whatever, other than emergency repairs to or maintenance of public utility facilities within the right-of-way lines of any public highway without first having obtained a permit for such work from the agency or officer designated by such ordinance.2. Such permit may require the notification of all emergency services likely to be affected by such repair, alteration, construction or reconstruction; the types of traffic control devices necessary to properly warn the motoring public and provide for reinspection by the appropriate authority from time to time and at the conclusion of such repair, alteration, construction, or reconstruction.3. The owner or owners of any such firm, partnership or corporation shall be subject to arrest for a violation of this section or his representative on the site, if the owner is not present.4. The person, firm, partnership, or corporation requesting such permit shall be responsible for furnishing and maintaining the required traffic control devices in accord with the Virginia Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways.5. The penalty for violation of such ordinance shall be a fine of not less than $25 nor more than $100 for the first offense and not less than $100 nor more than $500 for the second and subsequent offenses.1972, c. 105, § 46.1-180.3; 1989, c. 727.
VA Code § 46.2-1304 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles|Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments|§ 46.2-1304. Local regulation of trucks and buses

The governing bodies of counties, cities, and towns may by ordinance, whenever in their judgment conditions so require:1. Prohibit the use of trucks, except for the purpose of receiving loads or making deliveries on certain designated streets under their jurisdiction;2. Restrict the use of trucks passing through the city or town to such street or streets under their jurisdiction as may be designated in such ordinance.The Cities of Poquoson and Williamsburg may restrict the operation of nonscheduled buses, other than school buses, over designated streets under its jurisdiction.Code 1950, § 46-206; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-181; 1968, c. 463; 1989, c. 727; 1998, cc. 547, 574; 2007, c. 813.