GA Code § 33-13-5 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 33 - Insurance|Chapter 13 - Insurance Holding Company Systems|Article 1 - General Provisions|§ 33-13-5. Standards Governing Transactions by Registered Insurers With Affiliates Generally; Extraordinary Distributions; Adequacy of Surplus

    Transactions within a holding company system to which an insurer subject to registration is a party shall be subject to the following standards:   The terms shall be fair and reasonable;   Agreements for cost sharing services and management shall include such provisions as required by the Commissioner by rule or regulation;   Charges or fees for services performed shall be reasonable;   Expenses incurred and payment received shall be allocated to the insurer in conformity with customary insurance accounting practices consistently applied;   The books, accounts, and records of each party to all such transactions shall be so maintained as to clearly and accurately disclose the nature and details of the transactions, including such accounting information as is necessary to support the reasonableness of the charges or fees to the respective parties; and   The insurer's surplus with regard to policyholders following any dividends or distributions to shareholder affiliates shall be reasonable in relation to the insurer's outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs.     The following transactions involving a domestic insurer and any person in its holding company system, including amendments or modifications of affiliate agreements previously filed pursuant to this Code section, which are subject to any materiality standards contained in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of this paragraph, may not be entered into unless the insurer has notified the Commissioner in writing of its intention to enter into such transaction at least 30 days prior thereto, or such shorter period as the Commissioner may permit, and the Commissioner has not disapproved it within such period. The notice for amendments or modifications shall include the reasons for the change and the financial impact on the domestic insurer. Informal notice shall be reported, within 30 days after a termination of a previously filed agreement, to the Commissioner for determination of the type of filing required, if any:   Sales, purchases, exchanges, loans or extensions of credit, guarantees, or investments, provided such transactions are equal to or exceed: with respect to nonlife insurers, the lesser of 3 percent of the insurer's admitted assets or 25 percent of surplus as regards policyholders; or with respect to life insurers, 3 percent of the insurer's admitted assets; each as of December 31 next preceding;   Loans or extensions of credit to any person who is not an affiliate, where the insurer makes such loans or extensions of credit with the agreement or understanding that the proceeds of such transactions, in whole or in substantial part, are to be used to make loans or extensions of credit to, to purchase assets of, or to make investments in any affiliate of the insurer making such loans or extensions of credit to purchase assets of, or to make investments in, any affiliate of the insurer making the loans or extensions of credit, provided such transactions are equal to or exceed: with respect to nonlife insurers, the lesser of 3 percent of the insurer's admitted assets or 25 percent of surplus with regard to policyholders; or with respect to life insurers, 3 percent of the insurer's admitted assets; each as of December 31 next preceding;   Reinsurance agreements or modifications thereto, including:   All reinsurance pooling agreements; and   Agreements in which the reinsurance premium or a change in the insurer's liabilities, or the projected reinsurance premium or a change in the insurer's liabilities in any of the next three years, equals or exceeds 5 percent of the insurer's surplus with regard to policyholders, as of December 31 next preceding, including those agreements which may require as consideration the transfer of assets from an insurer to a nonaffiliate, if an agreement or understanding exists between the insurer and nonaffiliate that any portion of the assets will be transferred to one or more affiliates of the insurer;     All management agreements, service contracts, tax allocation agreements, guarantees, and all cost-sharing agreements;   Guarantees when made by a domestic insurer; provided, however, that a guarantee which is quantifiable as to amount is not subject to the notice requirements of this paragraph unless it exceeds the lesser of one-half of 1 percent of the insurer's admitted assets or 10 percent of surplus as regards policyholders as of December 31 next preceding. Further, all guarantees which are not quantifiable as to amount are subject to the notice requirements of this paragraph;   Direct or indirect acquisitions or investments in a person that controls the insurer or in an affiliate of the insurer in an agreement which, together with its present holdings in such investments, exceeds 2 1/2 percent of the insurer's surplus to policyholders. Direct or indirect acquisitions or investments in subsidiaries acquired pursuant to Code Section 33-13-2 or authorized under any other Code section of this title, or in nonsubsidiary insurance affiliates that are subject to the provisions of this article, are exempt from this requirement; and   Any material transactions, specified by regulation, which the Commissioner determines may adversely affect the interests of the insurer's policyholders.  Nothing contained in this paragraph shall be deemed to authorize or permit any transactions which, in the case of an insurer that is not a member of the same holding company system, would be otherwise contrary to law.      A domestic insurer may not enter into transactions which are part of a plan or series of like transactions with persons within the holding company system if the purpose of those separate transactions is to avoid the statutory threshold amount and thus avoid the review that would occur otherwise. If the Commissioner determines that such separate transactions were entered into over any 12 month period for such purpose, the Commissioner may exercise his or her authority under Code Section 33-13-11.   The Commissioner, in reviewing transactions pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection, shall consider whether the transactions comply with the standards set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection and whether they may adversely affect the interests of policyholders.   The Commissioner shall be notified within 30 days of any investment of the domestic insurer in any one corporation if the total investment in such corporation by the insurance holding company system exceeds 10 percent of such corporation's voting securities.       No domestic insurer shall apply any extraordinary dividend or make any other extraordinary distribution to its shareholders until 30 days after the Commissioner has received notice of the declaration thereof and has not within such period disapproved such payment, or until the Commissioner has approved such payment within such 30 day period.   For the purposes of this subsection, an extraordinary dividend or distribution includes any dividend or distribution of cash or other property, whose fair market value together with that of other dividends or distributions made within the preceding 12 months exceeds the greater of 10 percent of such insurer's surplus with regard to policyholders as of December 31 next preceding, or the net gain from operations of such insurer, if such insurer is a life insurer, or the net income, if such insurer is not a life insurer, not including realized capital gains, for the 12 month period ending December 31 next preceding, but shall not include pro rata distributions of any class of the insurer's own securities.   In determining whether a dividend or distribution is extraordinary, an insurer other than a life insurer may carry forward net income from the previous two calendar years that has not already been paid out as dividends. This carry-forward shall be computed by taking the net income from the second and third preceding calendar years, not including realized capital gains, less dividends paid in the second and immediate preceding calendar years.   Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an insurer may declare an extraordinary dividend or distribution which is conditional upon the Commissioner's approval thereof, and such a declaration shall confer no rights upon shareholders until the Commissioner has approved the payment of such a dividend or distribution or the Commissioner has not disapproved such payment within the 30 day period referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection.     For purposes of this article, in determining whether an insurer's surplus with regard to policyholders is reasonable in relation to the insurer's outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs, the following factors, among others, shall be considered:   The size of the insurer as measured by its assets, capital and surplus, reserves, premium writings, insurance in force, and other appropriate criteria;   The extent to which the insurer's business is diversified among the several lines of insurance;   The number and size of risks insured in each line of business;   The extent of the geographical dispersion of the insurer's insured risks;   The nature and extent of the insurer's reinsurance program;   The quality, diversification, and liquidity of the insurer's investment portfolio;   The recent past and projected future trend in the size of the insurer's surplus as regards policyholders;   The surplus with regard to policyholders maintained by other comparable insurers;   The adequacy of the insurer's reserves; and   The quality and liquidity of investments in affiliates. The Commissioner may treat any such investment as a disallowed asset for purposes of determining the adequacy of surplus with regard to policyholders whenever in the judgment of the Commissioner the investment so warrants.      (Code 1933, § 56-3405, enacted by Ga. L. 1970, p. 257, § 1; Ga. L. 1975, p. 1238, § 1; Ga. L. 1982, p. 3, § 33; Ga. L. 1991, p. 1424, § 6; Ga. L. 1993, p. 625, § 2; Ga. L. 2000, p. 136, § 33; Ga. L. 2013, p. 802, § 1/HB 312; Ga. L. 2015, p. 608, § 3/SB 108; Ga. L. 2019, p. 869, § 3/HB 277.)    The 2019 amendment,  effective July 1, 2019, substituted "exceeds the greater" for "exceeds the lesser" in the middle of paragraph (b)(2).   Editor's notes.   - Ga. L. 1991, p. 1424, § 9/SB 397, not codified by the General Assembly, contained inconsistencies in references to the sections of the bill due to differences in the section numbers contained in the Senate version of the bill and the final version of the bill. Subsection (d) of Section 9 refers to Chapters 47, 48, and 49 of Title 33 in the Senate version of SB 347. Subsection (c) of Section 9 refers to Code Section 33-13-3.1 and this Code section in the Senate version of SB 347 and provides as follows: "Sections 3 and 4 of this Act shall apply to transactions between affiliates or subsidiaries taking place on or after July 1, 1991."   Law reviews.   - For note on 1991 amendment of this Code section, see 8 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 89 (1992).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS    Cited in State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Hubbell Metals, Inc., 161 Ga. App. 275, 287 S.E.2d 726 (1982); Georgia Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Alterman Foods, Inc., 161 Ga. App. 695, 289 S.E.2d 537 (1982).