reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 35-3-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 1 - Actions to Determine Boundaries.|Section 35-3-1 - Proceedings Authorized; Conclusiveness of Established Lines.

Section 35-3-1Proceedings authorized; conclusiveness of established lines. In addition to any other proceeding authorized under the laws of this state which establish or determine disputed land lines or boundaries between coterminous owners, the following proceedings may be had in the circuit court; but the remedy hereby given shall not be exclusive of any other remedy given or authorized under the laws of this state. When disputed boundary lines are once established under this article, or any other proceedings authorized by law, they shall be as binding and conclusive upon the parties as any other judgment to establish or settle disputed boundary lines. (Code 1923, §6439; Code 1940, T. 47, §2.)
AL Code § 35-3-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 1 - Actions to Determine Boundaries.|Section 35-3-2 - Right to Maintain Action; Duty of Court to Determine Claims and Make Order.

Section 35-3-2Right to maintain action; duty of court to determine claims and make order. Actions may be brought by any person owning land or any interest therein against the owner or person interested in adjoining land to have the boundary lines established; and when the boundary lines of two or more tracts depend upon the same common point, line, or landmark, and action may be brought by the owner or any person interested in any of such tracts, against the owners or persons interested in the other tracts, to have all the boundary lines established. The court shall determine any adverse claims in respect to any portion of the land involved which it may be necessary to determine for a complete settlement of the boundary lines and shall make such order respecting costs and disbursements as it shall deem just. (Code 1923, §6440; Code 1940, T. 47, §3.)
AL Code § 35-3-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 1 - Actions to Determine Boundaries.|Section 35-3-3 - Judgment; Landmarks.

Section 35-3-3Judgment; landmarks. The judgment shall locate and define the boundary lines involved by reference to well-known permanent landmarks, and if it shall be deemed for the interest of the parties, after the entry of judgment, the court may direct a competent surveyor to establish a permanent stone or iron landmark in accordance with the judgment from which future surveys of the land embraced in the judgment shall be made. Such landmarks shall have distinctly cut or marked thereon "judicial landmark." The surveyor shall make report to the court, and in his report shall accurately describe the landmark so erected and define its location as nearly as practicable. (Code 1923, §6441; Code 1940, T. 47, §4.)
AL Code § 35-3-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 2 - Determination of Boundaries in Pending Actions.|Section 35-3-20 - Order for Survey on Motion of Court.

Section 35-3-20Order for survey on motion of court. (a) Whenever in any action pending in the circuit court it is pertinent and material to the determination of the issue or issues therein or to the proper entering of a description in the judgment therein to establish or fix a disputed land line or boundaries between coterminous landowners, or to locate the position of a line of the government survey, or to locate a landmarker or other object, the court may, as provided in this article, direct a competent surveyor or surveyors to make a survey for the purpose of fixing or establishing the disputed land line or boundaries between coterminous landowners or of locating the position of a line of the government survey or of locating a landmarker or other object. (b) If the court is of the opinion that such survey should be made it shall enter an order stating the reasons why, in its opinion, such survey should be made and fixing a day on which to hear objections thereof and directing the parties to said action to show cause, if any, why such survey should not be made as proposed in said order. (Acts 1931, No. 163, p. 239; Code 1940, T. 47, §§5, 6.)
AL Code § 35-3-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 2 - Determination of Boundaries in Pending Actions.|Section 35-3-21 - Order for Survey on Motion of Party - Filing; Notice to Show Cause; Continuance.

Section 35-3-21Order for survey on motion of party - Filing; notice to show cause; continuance. (a) Any party to such action may file a motion therein stating the reasons why such a survey should be made and praying that the court appoint a competent surveyor or surveyors to make such survey; and, upon presenting said motion to the judge of the court he shall enter an order fixing a day on which the same shall be heard and directing the other parties to said action to show cause, if any, why such survey should not be made as prayed in said motion. (b) The notice to show cause why such survey should not be made shall be given by the service of a copy of the order of the court, relative thereto when made by the court without application of a party to said action, or, when based on a motion by a party to said action, then by service of a copy of such motion and the order of the court on said motion on the party or his attorney of record as directed by the court in its order. Such notice shall be for not less than 10 days. The court may continue such hearing from time to time as in its opinion is proper. (Acts 1931, No. 163, p. 239; Code 1940, T. 47, §§7, 8.)
AL Code § 35-3-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 2 - Determination of Boundaries in Pending Actions.|Section 35-3-22 - Order for Survey on Motion of Party - Appointment of Surveyor; Costs Generally.

Section 35-3-22Order for survey on motion of party - Appointment of surveyor; costs generally. If no objection is made to the making of such survey, or the court is of the opinion that such objection as made is not well taken and that such survey is pertinent and material to the determining of the issues in said action, or to enable the court to properly enter a judgment in said action, and that such survey is advisable, the court may enter an order providing for such survey and appointing a competent and disinterested surveyor or surveyors to make the same and fixing the manner in which the cost of such survey is to be paid, and the court may include in such order such additional conditions, terms, and provisions as are proper and equitable. (Acts 1931, No. 163, p. 239; Code 1940, T. 47, §9.)
AL Code § 35-3-23 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 2 - Determination of Boundaries in Pending Actions.|Section 35-3-23 - Order for Survey on Motion of Party - Deposit of Costs.

Section 35-3-23Order for survey on motion of party - Deposit of costs. In the event a party to such action petitions for such survey and offers to pay the cost of the same and it appears that such survey is pertinent to the determination of the issue or issues of said action or is essential to the proper entering of an order therein, the court shall order such survey requiring the petitioning party to deposit with the register or clerk of the court the estimated cost to be fixed by the court of such survey, which deposited funds shall be disbursed by order of the court; and on the deposit of such cost with the register or clerk the court shall order such survey to be made. (Acts 1931, No. 163, p. 239; Code 1940, T. 47, §10.)
AL Code § 35-3-24 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 2 - Determination of Boundaries in Pending Actions.|Section 35-3-24 - Duty of Surveyor to Make Survey; Report, Map, or Plat.

Section 35-3-24Duty of surveyor to make survey; report, map, or plat. Such surveyor or surveyors shall promptly make the survey as directed by the court and file in said action a map or plat, if practical, of such survey and a full and definite report thereof, which report shall be under oath; and such surveyor shall appear on such day as is fixed by the court for examination by the court or any interested parties or their attorneys relative to such report and map or plat. The report and map or plat of such surveyor or surveyors shall be considered by the court as prima facie correct. (Acts 1931, No. 163, p. 239; Code 1940, T. 47, §11.)
AL Code § 35-3-25 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 3 - Boundaries.|Article 2 - Determination of Boundaries in Pending Actions.|Section 35-3-25 - Compensation of Surveyor; Provisions of Article Not Exclusive.

Section 35-3-25Compensation of surveyor; provisions of article not exclusive. In fixing the compensation of the surveyor or surveyors, the court may do so by an agreement or by allowing the usual compensation for such professional services. The provisions of this article are not exclusive and shall in no way affect any existing law relative to the power of courts to order a survey. (Acts 1931, No. 163, p. 239; Code 1940, T. 47, §11.)
AL Code § 35-4-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-1 - Who May Convey Lands by Deed or Will.

Section 35-4-1Who may convey lands by deed or will. All persons of the age of 19 years and not under a legal incapacity may alien their lands and any interest therein, whether immediate or future, certain or contingent, by instrument in writing or by their last will, under the regulations prescribed by law. (Code 1852, §1265; Code 1867, §1534; Code 1876, §2144; Code 1886, §1788; Code 1896, §981; Code 1907, §3354; Code 1923, §6837; Code 1940, T. 47, §13.)
AL Code § 35-4-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-2 - Estate Taken as Fee Simple Unless Expressly Limited.

Section 35-4-2Estate taken as fee simple unless expressly limited. Every estate in lands is to be taken as a fee simple, although the words necessary to create an estate of inheritance are not used, unless it clearly appears that a less estate was intended. (Code 1852, §1299; Code 1867, §1569; Code 1876, §2178; Code 1886, §1824; Code 1896, §1020; Code 1907, §3396; Code 1923, §6900; Code 1940, T. 47, §14.)
AL Code § 35-4-3 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-3 - Fee Tail Converted Into Fee Simple.

Section 35-4-3Fee tail converted into fee simple. Every estate in real or personal property in fee tail, now or hereafter created, becomes an estate in fee simple, and the person in whom such a conditional fee vests has the same power over the estate as in case of pure and absolute fees. (Code 1852, §1300; Code 1867, §1570; Code 1876, §2179; Code 1886, §1825; Code 1896, §1021; Code 1907, §3397; Code 1923, §6901; Code 1940, T. 47, §15.)
AL Code § 35-4-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-4 - Rule Against Perpetuities.

Section 35-4-4Rule against perpetuities. Repealed by Act 2011-532, p. 880, §2, effective January 1, 2012. (Acts 1931, No. 684, p. 816; Code 1940, T. 47, §16.)
AL Code § 35-4-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-5 - Conveyance to Avoid Perpetuities.

Section 35-4-5Conveyance to avoid perpetuities. Lands may be conveyed within the limits fixed by law, so as to avoid perpetuities, and subject to such other restrictions as are imposed by this Code for such terms as the owner thinks proper; and courts are enjoined to give effect in such cases to the intention and meaning of the parties. (Code 1852, §1308; Code 1867, §1578; Code 1876, §2187; Code 1886, §1833; Code 1896, §1029; Code 1907, §3416; Code 1923, §6921; Code 1940, T. 47, §17.)
AL Code § 35-4-6 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-6 - Maximum Term of Leasehold Estate; Acknowledgment or Approval and Recordation of Leases for More Than 20 Years.

Section 35-4-6Maximum term of leasehold estate; acknowledgment or approval and recordation of leases for more than 20 years. No leasehold estate can be created for a longer term than 99 years. Leases for more than 20 years shall be void for the excess over said period unless the lease or a memorandum thereof is acknowledged or approved as required by law in conveyances of real estate and recorded within one year after execution in the office of the judge of probate in the county in which the property leased is situated. (Code 1852, §1311; Code 1867, §1581; Code 1876, §2190; Code 1886, §1836; Code 1896, §1032; Code 1907, §3418; Acts 1911, No. 41, p. 24; Code 1923, §6923; Code 1940, T. 47, §18; Acts 1989, No. 89-942, p. 1850, §2.)
AL Code § 35-4-7 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-7 - Survivorship Between Joint Tenants.

Section 35-4-7Survivorship between joint tenants. When one joint tenant dies before the severance, his interest does not survive to the other joint tenants but descends and vests as if his interest had been severed and ascertained; provided, that in the event it is stated in the instrument creating such tenancy that such tenancy is with right of survivorship or other words used therein showing such intention, then, upon the death of one joint tenant, his interest shall pass to the surviving joint tenant or tenants according to the intent of such instrument. This shall include those instruments of conveyance in which the grantor conveys to himself and one or more other persons and in which instruments it clearly appears that the intent is to create such a survivorship between joint tenants as is herein contemplated. (Code 1852, §1312; Code 1867, §1582; Code 1876, §2191; Code 1886, §1837; Code 1896, §1033; Code 1907, §3419; Code 1923, §6924; Code 1940, T. 47, §19; Acts 1945, No. 505, p. 730; Acts 1951, No. 885, p. 1526.)
AL Code § 35-4-8 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-8 - Posthumous Children Included in "Heirs," "Issue," or "children."

Section 35-4-8Posthumous children included in "heirs," "issue," or "children." Where a future estate is limited to "heirs," "issue," or "children," posthumous children are entitled to take the estate in the same manner as if born before the death of the parent. Any future estate depending upon the death of a person without heirs, issue, or children is defeated by the birth of a posthumous child of such person capable of taking by descent. (Code 1852, §1303; Code 1867, §1573; Code 1876, §2182; Code 1886, §1828; Code 1896, §1024; Code 1907, §3402; Code 1923, §6906; Code 1940, T. 47, §20.)
AL Code § 35-4-9 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Section 35-4-9 - Ownership of Title Instruments.

Section 35-4-9Ownership of title instruments. Instruments essential to the title of real property and which are not kept in a public office, as a record, pursuant to law, belong to the person in whom for the time being such title may be vested and pass with the title. (Code 1923, §6963; Code 1940, T. 47, §21.)
AL Code § 35-4-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-20 - Conveyance Required to Be in Writing; Signature; Attestation by Witnesses.

Section 35-4-20Conveyance required to be in writing; signature; attestation by witnesses. Conveyances for the alienation of lands must be written or printed, or partly written and partly printed, on parchment or paper, and must be signed at their foot by the contracting party or his agent having a written authority; or, if he is not able to sign his name, then his name must be written for him, with the words "his mark" written against the same, or over it; the execution of such conveyance must be attested by one witness or, where the party cannot write, by two witnesses who are able to write and who must write their names as witnesses; or, if he can write his name but does not do so and his name is written for him by another, then the execution must be attested by two witnesses who can and do write their names. (Code 1852, §1266; Code 1867, §1535; Code 1876, §2145; Code 1886, §1789; Code 1896, §982; Code 1907, §3335; Code 1923, §6838; Code 1940, T. 47, §22.)
AL Code § 35-4-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-21 - Seal Unnecessary.

Section 35-4-21Seal unnecessary. A seal is not necessary to convey the legal title to land to enable the grantee to bring a civil action. Any instrument in writing, signed by the grantor or his agent having a written authority, is effectual to transfer the legal title to the grantee, if such was the intention of the grantor, to be collected from the entire instrument. (Code 1852, §2198; Code 1867, §2599; Code 1876, §2948; Code 1886, §2694; Code 1896, §983; Code 1907, §3356; Code 1923, §6839; Code 1940, T. 47, §23.)
AL Code § 35-4-22 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-22 - Effect of Writings Importing to Be Under Seal.

Section 35-4-22Effect of writings importing to be under seal. All writings which import on their face to be under seal are to be taken as sealed instruments and have the same effect as if the seal of the parties was affixed thereto. (Code 1852, §1315; Code 1867, §1585; Code 1876, §2194; Code 1886, §1840; Code 1896, §1036; Code 1907, §3363; Code 1923, §6847; Code 1940, T. 47, §32.)
AL Code § 35-4-23 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-23 - Acknowledgment - Operates as Compliance With Witness Requirements.

Section 35-4-23Acknowledgment - Operates as compliance with witness requirements. The acknowledgment provided for in this article operates as a compliance with the requisitions of section 35-4-20 upon the subject of witnesses. (Code 1852, §1267; Code 1867, §1536; Code 1876, §2146; Code 1886, §1790; Code 1896, §984; Code 1907, §3357; Code 1923, §6840; Code 1940, T. 47, §24.)
AL Code § 35-4-24 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-24 - Acknowledgment - Officers Authorized to Take in This State.

Section 35-4-24Acknowledgment - Officers authorized to take in this state. Acknowledgments and proofs of conveyances may be taken by the following officers within this state: Judges of the Supreme Court, the Court of Civil Appeals, the Court of Criminal Appeals, circuit courts and district courts, and the clerks of such courts; registers of the circuit court, judges of the court of probate, and notaries public. (Code 1852, §1276; Code 1867, §1545; Code 1876, §2155; Code 1886, §1799; Code 1896, §993; Code 1907, §3358; Code 1923, §6841; Code 1940, T. 47, §25.)
AL Code § 35-4-25 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-25 - Acknowledgment - Officers Holding Stock in Certain Corporations.

Section 35-4-25Acknowledgment - Officers holding stock in certain corporations. An acknowledgment or proof of any deed, mortgage, or other conveyance to or by a corporation, national banking association, building and loan association, or savings and loan association at any time heretofore or hereafter taken by an officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments and proofs of conveyances and at that time owning or holding not more than one percent of the total issued and outstanding capital stock of such corporation, national banking association, building and loan association, or savings and loan association, and not then holding any office in said corporation, national banking association, or building and loan association shall have the same effect as if such officer did not hold or own any of such stock. (Acts 1931, No. 593, p. 675; Code 1940, T. 47, §26.)
AL Code § 35-4-27 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-27 - Acknowledgment - Proof of Official Seal.

Section 35-4-27Acknowledgment - Proof of official seal. All deeds, powers of attorney and other instruments of conveyance, affidavits or contracts purporting to be acknowledged, proved or verified as prescribed by law, and which have been recorded or may hereafter be recorded in the office of the judge of probate of the proper county in this state, and transcripts thereof from such record shall be prima facie evidence that the seal of such officer acknowledging or attesting such instrument was his official seal and that it was affixed by him in his official capacity; and all such instruments and certified copies thereof shall have the same force and effect and shall be received in evidence in any court in this state without further proof of the due execution of such instrument or proof of the seal of any officer so certifying or attesting and that the same was affixed by him as his official seal, in his official capacity, whether he be an officer of this state or of any other state, territory or district of the United States. (Acts 1920, No. 82, p. 135; Code 1923, §6843; Code 1940, T. 47, §28.)
AL Code § 35-4-28 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 35 - Property.|Chapter 4 - Conveyances and Creation of Estates.|Article 2 - Execution, Attestation, and Acknowledgment.|Section 35-4-28 - Acknowledgment - Powers of Attorney, Etc.

Section 35-4-28Acknowledgment - Powers of attorney, etc. Powers of attorney or other instruments conferring authority to convey property or to enter satisfaction of mortgages or other liens may be proved or acknowledged and recorded in the same manner and must be received as evidence to the same extent as conveyances. (Code 1852, §1278; Code 1867, §1547; Code 1876, §2157; Code 1886, §1801; Code 1896, §995; Code 1907, §3360; Code 1923, §6844; Code 1940, T. 47, §29.)