reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MI Comp L § 691.1406 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1406 - Public Buildings; Dangerous Condition; Liability; Notice, Contents, Service.

691.1406 Public buildings; dangerous condition; liability; notice, contents, service. Sec. 6.  Governmental agencies have the obligation to repair and maintain public buildings under their control when open for use by members of the public. Governmental agencies are liable for bodily injury and property damage resulting from a dangerous or defective condition of a public building if the governmental agency had actual or constructive knowledge of the defect and, for a reasonable time after acquiring knowledge, failed to remedy the condition or to take action reasonably necessary to protect the public against the condition. Knowledge of the dangerous and defective condition of the public building and time to repair the same shall be conclusively presumed when such defect existed so as to be readily apparent to an ordinary observant person for a period of 90 days or longer before the injury took place. As a condition to any recovery for injuries sustained by reason of any dangerous or defective public building, the injured person, within 120 days from the time the injury occurred, shall serve a notice on the responsible governmental agency of the occurrence of the injury and the defect. The notice shall specify the exact location and nature of the defect, the injury sustained and the names of the witnesses known at the time by the claimant.  The notice may be served upon any individual, either personally, or by certified mail, return receipt requested, who may lawfully be served with civil process directed against the responsible governmental agency, anything to the contrary in the charter of any municipal corporation notwithstanding. If required by the legislative body or chief administrative officer of the responsible governmental agency, the claimant shall appear to testify, when physically able to do so, and shall produce his witnesses before the legislative body, a committee thereof, the chief administrative officer, his deputy, or a legal officer of the governmental agency, as directed by the legislative body or by the chief administrative officer of the responsible governmental agency, for examination under oath as to the claim, the amount thereof, and the extent of the injury. Notice to the state of Michigan shall be given as provided in section 4. No action shall be brought under the provisions of this section against any governmental agency, other than a municipal corporation, except for injury or loss suffered after July 1, 1965. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 ;-- Am. 1970, Act 155, Imd. Eff. Aug. 1, 1970 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1406a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1406a - Subrogation.

691.1406a Subrogation. Sec. 6a.  A governmental agency against whom judgment has been entered pursuant to this act may seek subrogation where it is available by law or by contract and recover contribution from each co-defendant and joint and several tort feasor where appropriate pursuant to sections 2925a to 2925d of the revised judicature act of 1961, Act No. 236 of the Public Acts of 1961, being sections 600.2925a to 600.2925d of the Michigan Compiled Laws. History: Add. 1986, Act 175, Imd. Eff. July 7, 1986 Constitutionality: In Hyde v University of Michigan Regents, 426 Mich 223 (1986), the Supreme Court stated that “1986 PA 175 was enacted, effective July 1, 1986.” Act 175 was approved by the Governor July 6, 1986, and filed with Secretary of State July 7, 1986.Compiler's Notes: Section 3 of Act 175 of 1986 provides:“(1) Sections 1, 7, and 13 of Act No. 170 of the Public Acts of 1964, as amended by this amendatory act, being sections 691.1401, 691.1407, and 691.1413 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, shall not apply to causes of action which arise before July 1, 1986.“(2) Section 6a of Act No. 170 of the Public Acts of 1964, as added by this amendatory act, shall apply to cases filed on or after July 1, 1986.”Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1407a (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1407a - Repealed. 1999, Act 241, Eff. Jan. 1, 2003.

691.1407a Repealed. 1999, Act 241, Eff. Jan. 1, 2003. Compiler's Notes: The repealed section pertained to immunity of political subdivision and governmental agency from liability resulting from computer date failure.Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1407b (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1407b - Repealed. 1999, Act 242, Eff. Jan. 1, 2003.

691.1407b Repealed. 1999, Act 242, Eff. Jan. 1, 2003. Compiler's Notes: The repealed section pertained to immunity of municipal corporation from liability resulting from computer date failure.Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1407c (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1407c - Donated Fire Control or Rescue Equipment; Liability; Testing, Repair, or Maintenance; Rights of Employee or Volunteer Under MCL 418.101 to 418.941; "Organized Fire Department" Defined.

691.1407c Donated fire control or rescue equipment; liability; testing, repair, or maintenance; rights of employee or volunteer under MCL 418.101 to 418.941; "organized fire department" defined.Sec. 7c.  (1) A municipal corporation, organized fire department, or agent of a municipal corporation or organized fire department that donates fire control or rescue equipment to another municipal corporation or organized fire department is not liable for damages for personal injury, death, or property damage proximately caused after the donation by a defect in the equipment.  (2) Before using equipment donated under subsection (1), a municipal corporation or organized fire department that receives the donated equipment shall have the equipment tested, repaired, or maintained if required by state or federal law, rule, or regulation. The municipal corporation or organized fire department shall not use the donated equipment unless the use is consistent with state and federal laws, rules, and regulations. Subject to subsection (3), a municipal corporation or organized fire department that complies with this subsection is not liable for damages for personal injury, death, or property damage proximately caused by a defect in the donated equipment.  (3) The immunity from liability provided by subsection (2) does not affect the rights of an employee or volunteer of the municipal corporation or organized fire department that receives the donated equipment to benefits under the worker's disability compensation act of 1969, 1969 PA 317, MCL 418.101 to 418.941, or any similar law.  (4) As used in this section, "organized fire department" means that term as defined in section 1 of the fire prevention code, 1941 PA 207, MCL 29.1. History: Add. 2006, Act 244, Imd. Eff. June 30, 2006 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1409 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1409 - Liability Insurance; Waiver of Defense.

691.1409 Liability insurance; waiver of defense. Sec. 9.  (1) A governmental agency may purchase liability insurance to indemnify and protect the governmental agency against loss or to protect the governmental agency and an agent, officer, employee, or volunteer of the governmental agency against loss on account of an adverse judgment arising from a claim for personal injury or property damage caused by the governmental agency or its agent, officer, employee, or volunteer. A governmental agency may pay premiums for the insurance authorized by this section out of current funds.  (2) The existence of an insurance policy indemnifying a governmental agency against liability for damages is not a waiver of a defense otherwise available to the governmental agency in the defense of the claim. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 ;-- Am. 2002, Act 400, Imd. Eff. May 30, 2002 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1410 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1410 - Claims Against State, Political Subdivision, or Municipal Corporation; Procedure.

691.1410 Claims against state, political subdivision, or municipal corporation; procedure. Sec. 10.  (1) Claims against the state authorized under this act shall be brought in the manner provided in sections 6401 to 6475 of the revised judicature act of 1961, Act No. 236 of the Public Acts of 1961, being sections 600.6401 to 600.6475 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, and against any political subdivision or municipal corporation by civil action in any court having jurisdiction.  (2) Except as otherwise provided in this act, any claim that is authorized under this act shall be subject to the revised judicature act of 1961, Act No. 236 of the Public Acts of 1961, being sections 600.101 to 600.9947 of the Michigan Compiled Laws. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 ;-- Am. 1986, Act 175, Imd. Eff. July 7, 1986 Constitutionality: In Hyde v University of Michigan Regents, 426 Mich 223 (1986), the Supreme Court stated that “1986 PA 175 was enacted, effective July 1, 1986.” Act 175 was approved by the Governor July 6, 1986, and filed with Secretary of State July 7, 1986.Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1411 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1411 - Claim Against Government Agency; Limitation of Actions.

691.1411 Claim against government agency; limitation of actions. Sec. 11.  (1) Every claim against any governmental agency shall be subject to the general law respecting limitations of actions except as otherwise provided in this section.  (2) The period of limitations for claims arising under section 2 of this act shall be 2 years.  (3) The period of limitations for all claims against the state, except those arising under section 2 of this act, shall be governed by chapter 64 of Act No. 236 of the Public Acts of 1961. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 Constitutionality: This section does not deny the equal protection of the law. Forest v Parmalee, 402 Mich 348; 262 NW2d 653 (1978).Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1412 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1412 - Claims Under Act; Defenses Available.

691.1412 Claims under act; defenses available. Sec. 12.  Claims under this act are subject to all of the defenses available to claims sounding in tort brought against private persons. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1413 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1413 - Damage Arising Out of Performance of Proprietary Function.

691.1413 Damage arising out of performance of proprietary function. Sec. 13.  The immunity of the governmental agency shall not apply to actions to recover for bodily injury or property damage arising out of the performance of a proprietary function as defined in this section. Proprietary function shall mean any activity which is conducted primarily for the purpose of producing a pecuniary profit for the governmental agency, excluding, however, any activity normally supported by taxes or fees. No action shall be brought against the governmental agency for injury or property damage arising out of the operation of proprietary function, except for injury or loss suffered on or after July 1, 1965. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 ;-- Am. 1986, Act 175, Imd. Eff. July 7, 1986 Constitutionality: Section 3 of Act 175 of 1986 provides:“(1) Sections 1, 7, and 13 of Act No. 170 of the Public Acts of 1964, as amended by this amendatory act, being sections 691.1401, 691.1407, and 691.1413 of the Michigan Compiled Laws, shall not apply to causes of action which arise before July 1, 1986.“(2) Section 6a of Act No. 170 of the Public Acts of 1964, as added by this amendatory act, shall apply to cases filed on or after July 1, 1986.”In Hyde v University of Michigan Regents, 426 Mich 223 (1986), the Supreme Court stated that “1986 PA 175 was enacted, effective July 1, 1986.” Act 175 was approved by the Governor July 6, 1986, and filed with Secretary of State July 7, 1986.Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1414 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1414 - Repeal.

691.1414 Repeal. Sec. 14.  Chapter 22 of Act No. 283 of the Public Acts of 1909, as amended, being sections 242.1 to 242.8 of the Compiled Laws of 1948; section 2904 of Act No. 236 of the Public Acts of 1961, being section 600.2904 of the Compiled Laws of 1948; Act No. 59 of the Public Acts of 1951, as amended, being sections 124.101 to 124.103 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, are repealed. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1415 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1415 - Effective Date of Act.

691.1415 Effective date of act. Sec. 15.  This act shall take effect July 1, 1965. History: 1964, Act 170, Eff. July 1, 1965 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1417 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1417 - Damages or Physical Injuries Caused by Sewage Disposal System Event; Compliance of Claimant and Governmental Agency With Relief Provisions.

691.1417 Damages or physical injuries caused by sewage disposal system event; compliance of claimant and governmental agency with relief provisions. Sec. 17.  (1) To afford property owners, individuals, and governmental agencies greater efficiency, certainty, and consistency in the provision of relief for damages or physical injuries caused by a sewage disposal system event, a claimant and a governmental agency subject to a claim shall comply with this section and the procedures in sections 18 and 19.  (2) A governmental agency is immune from tort liability for the overflow or backup of a sewage disposal system unless the overflow or backup is a sewage disposal system event and the governmental agency is an appropriate governmental agency. Sections 16 to 19 abrogate common law exceptions, if any, to immunity for the overflow or backup of a sewage disposal system and provide the sole remedy for obtaining any form of relief for damages or physical injuries caused by a sewage disposal system event regardless of the legal theory.  (3) If a claimant, including a claimant seeking noneconomic damages, believes that an event caused property damage or physical injury, the claimant may seek compensation for the property damage or physical injury from a governmental agency if the claimant shows that all of the following existed at the time of the event:  (a) The governmental agency was an appropriate governmental agency.  (b) The sewage disposal system had a defect.  (c) The governmental agency knew, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known, about the defect.  (d) The governmental agency, having the legal authority to do so, failed to take reasonable steps in a reasonable amount of time to repair, correct, or remedy the defect.  (e) The defect was a substantial proximate cause of the event and the property damage or physical injury.  (4) In addition to the requirements of subsection (3), to obtain compensation for property damage or physical injury from a governmental agency, a claimant must show both of the following:  (a) If any of the damaged property is personal property, reasonable proof of ownership and the value of the damaged personal property. Reasonable proof may include testimony or records documenting the ownership, purchase price, or value of the property, or photographic or similar evidence showing the value of the property.  (b) The claimant complied with section 19. History: Add. 2001, Act 222, Imd. Eff. Jan. 2, 2002 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1418 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 170 of 1964 - Governmental Liability for Negligence (691.1401 - 691.1419)|Section 691.1418 - Economic Damages; Grounds for Noneconomic Damages; Available Defenses.

691.1418 Economic damages; grounds for noneconomic damages; available defenses. Sec. 18.  (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), economic damages are the only compensation for a claim under section 17. Except as provided in subsection (2), a court shall not award and a governmental agency shall not pay noneconomic damages as compensation for an event.  (2) A governmental agency remains subject to tort liability for noneconomic damages caused by an event only if the claimant or the individual on whose behalf the claimant is making the claim has suffered death, serious impairment of body function, or permanent serious disfigurement.  (3) In an action for noneconomic damages under section 17, the issues of whether a claimant or the individual on whose behalf the claimant is making the claim has suffered serious impairment of body function or permanent serious disfigurement are questions of law for the court if the court finds either of the following:  (a) There is no factual dispute concerning the nature and extent of the claimant's or the individual's injuries.  (b) There is a factual dispute concerning the nature and extent of the claimant's or the individual's injuries, but the dispute is not material to determining whether the claimant or the individual has suffered a serious impairment of body function or permanent serious disfigurement.  (4) Unless this act provides otherwise, a party to a civil action brought under section 17 has all applicable common law and statutory defenses ordinarily available in civil actions, and is entitled to all rights and procedures available under the Michigan court rules. History: Add. 2001, Act 222, Imd. Eff. Jan. 2, 2002 Popular Name: Governmental Immunity Act
MI Comp L § 691.1451 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 236 of 2020 - Covid-19 Response and Reopening Liability Assurance Act (691.1451 - 691.1460)|Section 691.1451 - Short Title.

 ***** 691.1451 This section applies retroactively to any claim or cause of action that accrues after March 1, 2020: See 691.1460 ***** 691.1451 Short title.Sec. 1.  This act shall be known and may be cited as the "COVID-19 response and reopening liability assurance act". History: 2020, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Oct. 22, 2020
MI Comp L § 691.1452 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 236 of 2020 - Covid-19 Response and Reopening Liability Assurance Act (691.1451 - 691.1460)|Section 691.1452 - Definitions.

 ***** 691.1452 This section applies retroactively to any claim or cause of action that accrues after March 1, 2020: See 691.1460 ***** 691.1452 Definitions.Sec. 2.  As used in this act:  (a) "Conduct intended to reduce transmission of COVID-19" means health screening, testing, contact tracing, and other actions intended to reduce transmission of COVID-19 in a workplace or on other premises.  (b) "COVID-19" means the novel coronavirus identified as SARS-CoV-2 or a virus mutating from SARS-CoV-2, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and conditions associated with the disease.  (c) "COVID-19 claim" means a tort claim or tort cause of action for damages, losses, indemnification, contribution, or other relief arising out of, based on, or in any way related to exposure or potential exposure to COVID-19, or to conduct intended to reduce transmission of COVID-19. COVID-19 claim also includes a tort claim made by or on behalf of an individual who has been exposed or potentially exposed to COVID-19, or any representative, spouse, parent, child, member of the same household, or other relative of the individual, for injury, including mental or emotional injury, death, or loss to person, risk of disease or other injury, costs of medical monitoring or surveillance, or other losses allegedly caused by the individual's exposure or potential exposure to COVID-19. COVID-19 claim does not include an administrative proceeding or civil action brought by a state or local government prosecutor or agency to enforce state statutes and regulations, executive orders, or state agency orders applicable to COVID-19.  (d) "Nonprofit charitable organization" means an organization granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service, if no part of the organization's net earnings inure to the benefit of a private shareholder or individual.  (e) "Person" means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity, including, but not limited to, a school, a college or university, an institution of higher education, and a nonprofit charitable organization. Person includes an employee, agent, or independent contractor of the person, regardless of whether the individual is paid or an unpaid volunteer. History: 2020, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Oct. 22, 2020
MI Comp L § 691.1455 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 236 of 2020 - Covid-19 Response and Reopening Liability Assurance Act (691.1451 - 691.1460)|Section 691.1455 - Immunity for Covid-19 Claim.

 ***** 691.1455 This section applies retroactively to any claim or cause of action that accrues after March 1, 2020: See 691.1460 ***** 691.1455 Immunity for COVID-19 claim.Sec. 5.  A person who acts in compliance with all federal, state, and local statutes, rules, regulations, executive orders, and agency orders related to COVID-19 that had not been denied legal effect at the time of the conduct or risk that allegedly caused harm is immune from liability for a COVID-19 claim. An isolated, de minimis deviation from strict compliance with such statutes, rules, regulations, executive orders, and agency orders unrelated to the plaintiff's injuries does not deny a person the immunity provided in this section. History: 2020, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Oct. 22, 2020
MI Comp L § 691.1458 (2021)
2021 Michigan Compiled Laws|Chapter 691 - Judiciary|Act 236 of 2020 - Covid-19 Response and Reopening Liability Assurance Act (691.1451 - 691.1460)|Section 691.1458 - Effect of Act.

 ***** 691.1458 This section applies retroactively to any claim or cause of action that accrues after March 1, 2020: See 691.1460 ***** 691.1458 Effect of act.Sec. 8.  This act does not do any of the following:  (a) Create, recognize, or ratify a claim or cause of action of any kind.  (b) Eliminate a required element of any claim, including, but not limited to, causation and proximate cause elements.  (c) Affect rights, remedies, or protections under the worker's disability compensation act of 1969, 1969 PA 317, MCL 418.101 to 418.941, including the exclusive application of that act.  (d) Amend, repeal, alter, or affect any other immunity or limitation of liability.  (e) Create a defense to liability in an administrative proceeding or civil action brought by a state or local government prosecutor or agency to enforce state statutes and regulations, executive orders, or state agency orders, applicable to COVID-19. History: 2020, Act 236, Imd. Eff. Oct. 22, 2020