CO Code § 4-9-616 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 4 - Uniform Commercial Code|Article 9 - Secured Transactions|Part 6 - Default|§ 4-9-616. Explanation of Calculation of Surplus or Deficiency - Definitions

  In this section:   “Explanation” means a writing that:   States the amount of the surplus or deficiency;    Provides an explanation in accordance with subsection (c) of this section of how the secured party calculated the surplus or deficiency;    States, if applicable, that future debits, credits, charges, including additional credit service charges or interest, rebates, and expenses may affect the amount of the surplus or deficiency; and    Provides a telephone number and mailing address from which additional information concerning the transaction is available.       “Request” means a record:   Authenticated by a debtor or consumer obligor;    Requesting that the recipient provide an explanation; and    Sent after disposition of the collateral under section 4-9-610.          In a consumer-goods transaction in which the debtor is entitled to a surplus or a consumer obligor is liable for a deficiency under section 4-9-615, the secured party shall:   Send an explanation to the debtor or consumer obligor, as applicable, after the disposition and:   Before or when the secured party accounts to the debtor and pays any surplus or first makes written demand on the consumer obligor after the disposition for payment of the deficiency; and    Within fourteen days after receipt of a request; or       In the case of a consumer obligor who is liable for a deficiency, within fourteen days after receipt of a request, send to the consumer obligor a record waiving the secured party's right to a deficiency.       To comply with subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section, a writing must provide the following information in the following order:   The aggregate amount of obligations secured by the security interest under which the disposition was made, and, if the amount reflects a rebate of unearned interest or credit service charge, an indication of that fact, calculated as of a specified date:   If the secured party takes or receives possession of the collateral after default, not more than thirty-five days before the secured party takes or receives possession; or    If the secured party takes or receives possession of the collateral before default or does not take possession of the collateral, not more than thirty-five days before the disposition;       The amount of proceeds of the disposition;    The aggregate amount of the obligations after deducting the amount of proceeds;    The amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of expenses, including reasonable expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for disposition, processing, and disposing of the collateral, and reasonable attorney's fees secured by the collateral which are known to the secured party and relate to the current disposition;    The amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of credits, including rebates of interest or credit service charges, to which the obligor is known to be entitled and which are not reflected in the amount in paragraph (1) of this subsection (c); and    The amount of the surplus or deficiency.       A particular phrasing of the explanation is not required. An explanation complying substantially with the requirements of subsection (a) of this section is sufficient, even if it includes minor errors that do not cause damages to a person who relies on the information.    A debtor or consumer obligor is entitled without charge to three responses to a request under this section during any six-month period in which the secured party did not send to the debtor or consumer obligor an explanation pursuant to paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of this section. The secured party may require payment of a charge, not exceeding fifteen dollars, for each additional response.     History. Source: L. 2001: Entire article R&RE, p. 1410, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note - Colorado legislative change: Colorado substituted the word “and” for “or” in subsection (a)(1)(D), twice added the word “reasonable” to subsection (c)(4), substituted the phrase “do not cause damages to a person who relies on the information” for the phrase “are not seriously misleading” in subsection (d), and substituted the phrase “three responses” for “one response” and reduced the charge from $25 to $15 in subsection (e).   OFFICIAL COMMENT   1. Source. New.   2. Duty to Send Information Concerning Surplus or Deficiency. This section reflects the view that, in every consumer-goods transaction, the debtor or obligor is entitled to know the amount of a surplus or deficiency and the basis upon which the surplus or deficiency was calculated. Under subsection (b)(1), a secured party is obligated to provide this information (an “explanation,” defined in subsection (a)(1)) no later than the time that it accounts for and pays a surplus or the time of its first written attempt to collect the deficiency. The obligor need not make a request for an accounting in order to receive an explanation. A secured party who does not attempt to collect a deficiency in writing or account for and pay a surplus has no obligation to send an explanation under subsection (b)(1) and, consequently, cannot be liable for noncompliance.   A debtor or secondary obligor need not wait until the secured party commences written collection efforts in order to receive an explanation of how a deficiency or surplus was calculated. Subsection (b)(1)(B) obliges the secured party to send an explanation within 14 days after it receives a “request” (defined in subsection (a)(2)).   3. Explanation of Calculation of Surplus or Deficiency. Subsection (c) contains the requirements for how a calculation of a surplus or deficiency must be explained in order to satisfy subsection (a)(1)(B). It gives a secured party some discretion concerning rebates of interest or credit service charges. The secured party may include these rebates in the aggregate amount of obligations secured, under subsection (c)(1), or may include them with other types of rebates and credits under subsection (c)(5). Rebates of interest or credit service charges are the only types of rebates for which this discretion is provided. If the secured party provides an explanation that includes rebates of pre-computed interest, its explanation must so indicate. The expenses and attorney's fees to be described pursuant to subsection (c)(4) are those relating to the most recent disposition, not those that may have been incurred in connection with earlier enforcement efforts and which have been resolved by the parties.   4. Liability for Noncompliance. A secured party who fails to comply with subsection (b)(2) is liable for any loss caused plus $500. See Section 9-625(b), (c), (e)(6). A secured party who fails to send an explanation under subsection (b)(1) is liable for any loss caused plus, if the noncompliance was “part of a pattern, or consistent with a practice of noncompliance,” $500. See Section 9-625(b), (c), (e)(5). However, a secured party who fails to comply with this section is not liable for statutory minimum damages under Section 9-625(c)(2). See Section 9-628(d).