reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 59.1-68.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 4.1 - Remedies for Violations of Preceding Chapters and Chapter 6, Article 8, of Title 18.2|§ 59.1-68.5. Further provisions as to actions for violation of Article 8, Chapter 6 of Title 18.2

Any person who suffers loss as the result of a violation of Article 8 (§ 18.2-214 et seq.), Chapter 6 of Title 18.2 shall be entitled to bring an individual action to recover damages, or $100, whichever is greater. Certified copies of the transcript and exhibits in evidence in any final proceeding in which the Commonwealth, or a county or city has obtained a permanent injunction for a violation of Article 8, Chapter 6 of Title 18.2 shall be admissible in evidence in any action brought pursuant to this section by any person claiming damage as a result of the enjoined conduct. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, in addition to the damages recovered by the aggrieved party, such person may be awarded reasonable attorney's fees.1974, c. 644; 1975, c. 43.
VA Code § 59.1-68.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 4.2 - Conspiracy to Rig Bids to Government|§ 59.1-68.6. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the text indicates otherwise:1. "Person" means any individual, firm, partnership or corporation;2. "Governmental units" means all state agencies and all political subdivisions or agencies thereof;3. "Bid" means any submission of a price, whether written or oral, for any goods, services or construction to be provided.1980, c. 471.
VA Code § 59.1-68.7 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 4.2 - Conspiracy to Rig Bids to Government|§ 59.1-68.7. Combinations to rig bids

A. Any combination, conspiracy or agreement to intentionally rig, alter or otherwise manipulate, or to cause to be rigged, altered or otherwise manipulated any bid submitted to the Commonwealth of Virginia or any governmental unit for the purpose of allocating purchases or sales to or among persons, raising or otherwise fixing the prices of the goods or services, or excluding other persons from dealing with the Commonwealth or any other governmental unit shall be unlawful.B. Any person violating this section shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.1980, c. 471.
VA Code § 59.1-68.8 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 4.2 - Conspiracy to Rig Bids to Government|§ 59.1-68.8. Enforcement

The Attorney General of Virginia, with respect to state agencies only, shall have concurrent power and authority to investigate and prosecute any violation of § 59.1-68.7. In addition, the attorneys for the Commonwealth of the several counties and cities shall retain the power and authority to prosecute any and all violations of § 59.1-68.7 occurring within their jurisdiction.1980, c. 471.
VA Code § 59.1-69 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 5 - Transacting Business under Assumed Name|§ 59.1-69. Certificate required of person transacting business under assumed name

A. As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:"Commission" means the State Corporation Commission."Person" has the meaning prescribed in § 1-230.B. No person shall conduct or transact business in the Commonwealth under any assumed or fictitious name unless such person files in the office of the clerk of the Commission a certificate of assumed or fictitious name.C. No person shall use an assumed or fictitious name in the conduct of the person's business to intentionally misrepresent the geographic origin or location of the person.Code 1950, § 59-169; 1968, c. 439; 1987, c. 702; 1995, c. 168; 1996, c. 904; 2017, c. 594.
VA Code § 59.1-70 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 5 - Transacting Business under Assumed Name|§ 59.1-70. Filing a certificate with State Corporation Commission; fee

A. The certificate of assumed or fictitious name shall be on a form prescribed by the Commission that sets forth the following:1. The name of the person who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name;2. The assumed or fictitious name of the business;3. Whether the person who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name is an individual or, if not, the type of legal or commercial entity of the person;4. If the person who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name is an individual, the post office address of the individual's office or residence, which shall include a street address, city or town, state, and zip code;5. If the person who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name is a domestic or foreign corporation, limited liability company, business trust, or limited partnership authorized by the Commission to transact business in the Commonwealth, the identification number issued by the Commission to the person;6. If the person who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name is a domestic or foreign partnership that has filed with the Commission a statement of partnership authority or a statement of registration as a registered limited liability partnership that has not been canceled, the identification number issued by the Commission to the partnership;7. If the person who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name is not subject to subdivision 4, 5, or 6, the post office address of the person's principal place of business, which shall include a street address, city or town, state, and zip code; and8. The printed name and title of the individual signing the certificate of assumed or fictitious name.B. The certificate of assumed or fictitious name shall be signed by (i) the individual who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name or (ii) an authorized representative of the person who will be conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name when the person is not an individual.C. The clerk of the Commission shall charge a fee of $10 for the filing of a certificate of assumed or fictitious name.Code 1950, § 59-170; 1968, c. 439; 1976, c. 79; 1981, c. 519; 1984, c. 771; 1987, c. 702; 1991, c. 439; 1995, c. 168; 2017, c. 594.
VA Code § 59.1-70.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 5 - Transacting Business under Assumed Name|§ 59.1-70.1. Certificate of release

A. When a person is no longer conducting business in the Commonwealth under an assumed or fictitious name on file with the clerk of the Commission, the name may be released by filing a certificate of release of an assumed or fictitious name in the office of the clerk of the Commission that is signed (i) by the individual who conducted business under the assumed or fictitious name, (ii) on behalf of the person who conducted business under the assumed or fictitious name when the person is not an individual, (iii) by a court-appointed fiduciary of the person, or (iv) by the person's successor in interest when the person is not an individual.B. When a person is no longer conducting business in the Commonwealth under an assumed or fictitious name on file with a circuit court, the name may be released by filing a certificate of release of an assumed or fictitious name with the clerk of the court that is signed and acknowledged by the person, a court-appointed fiduciary of the person, or, when the person is not an individual, the person's successor in interest.C. The certificate of release of an assumed or fictitious name shall be on a form prescribed by the Commission. The fee to file a certificate of release of an assumed or fictitious name with the clerk of the Commission or with the clerk of the court shall be $10.2017, c. 594.
VA Code § 59.1-74 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 5 - Transacting Business under Assumed Name|§ 59.1-74. Recordation of certificate and registration of names

A. The clerk of the court with whom a certificate of assumed or fictitious name is filed shall keep a book in which all certificates of assumed or fictitious name and certificates of release of an assumed or fictitious name are recorded, with their date of record, and shall keep a register in which shall be entered in alphabetical order the name under which every business is conducted and the names of every person owning the business.B. No license shall be issued by a commissioner of the revenue until a certificate of assumed or fictitious name has been made and filed (i) in the office of the clerk of the Commission or (ii) prior to January 1, 2020, in the office of the clerk of the court, and evidence of the filing has been provided to the commissioner of the revenue by the person conducting business under the assumed or fictitious name.Code 1950, § 59-174; 1968, c. 439; 1975, c. 230; 1983, c. 103; 1992, c. 784; 2002, c. 267; 2017, c. 594; 2019, c. 464.
VA Code § 59.1-75 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 5 - Transacting Business under Assumed Name|§ 59.1-75. Penalty for violation

Any person violating any of the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $2,500 or by confinement in jail for not more than one year, or both.Code 1950, § 59-175; 1968, c. 439; 1991, c. 710.
VA Code § 59.1-75.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 5 - Transacting Business under Assumed Name|§ 59.1-75.1. Penalty for signing false certificate

A. It is unlawful for any person to sign a certificate the person knows is false in any material respect with intent that the certificate be delivered to the Commission for filing.B. Any person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.2017, c. 594.
VA Code § 59.1-76 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 5 - Transacting Business under Assumed Name|§ 59.1-76. Effect of failure to file certificate on right of action

The failure of any person or corporation to comply with the provisions of this chapter shall not prevent a recovery by or against such person or corporation, in any of the courts in this Commonwealth on any cause of action heretofore or hereafter arising, but no action shall be maintained in any of the courts in this Commonwealth by any such person, corporation or his or its assignee or successor in title unless and until the certificate required by this chapter has been filed.Code 1950, § 59-176; 1968, c. 439.
VA Code § 59.1-92.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 6.1 - Registration and Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks|§ 59.1-92.1. Short title

This chapter shall be known as the "Virginia Trademark and Service Mark Act (1998)."1998, c. 819.
VA Code § 59.1-92.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 6.1 - Registration and Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks|§ 59.1-92.2. Definitions

As used in this chapter, the following words shall have the following meanings:"Abandoned" means either (i) the discontinuance of use of a mark with intent not to resume such use (intent not to resume may be inferred from circumstances, i.e., nonuse for three consecutive years shall constitute prima facie evidence of abandonment) or (ii) any course of conduct of the owner, including acts of omission as well as commission, which causes the mark to lose its significance as a mark."Applicant" means any person filing an application for registration of a mark under this chapter, and the legal representatives, successors, or assigns of such person."Commission" means the State Corporation Commission."Mark" means any trademark or service mark registered in the Commonwealth or the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or entitled to registration under this chapter, whether registered or not."Registrant" means any person to whom the registration of a mark under this chapter or prior law is issued, and the legal representatives, successors, or assigns of such person."Service mark" means any word, name, symbol, or device or any combination thereof used by a person to identify and distinguish the services of such person from the services of others."Trade name" means any name used by a person to identify a business or enterprise."Trademark" means any word, name, symbol, or device or any combination thereof used by a person to identify and distinguish the goods of such person from those manufactured or sold by others."Use" means the bona fide use of a mark in the ordinary course of trade, and not made merely to reserve a right in a mark. For the purposes of this chapter, a mark shall be deemed to be in use (i) on goods when it is placed in any manner on the goods or their containers or the displays associated therewith or on the tags or labels affixed thereto, or if the nature of the goods makes such placement impracticable, then on documents associated with the goods or their sale, and the goods are possessed in the Commonwealth or sold or otherwise distributed in commerce in the Commonwealth, and (ii) in connection with services when it is used or displayed in the course of selling or providing services in the Commonwealth, or advertising descriptive of services available within the Commonwealth that is communicated within or into the Commonwealth.1998, c. 819; 2008, cc. 759, 800; 2011, c. 801.
VA Code § 59.1-92.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 6.1 - Registration and Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks|§ 59.1-92.3. Registrability

A mark by which the goods or services of any applicant for registration may be distinguished from the goods or services of others shall not be registered if it consists of or comprises:1. Any immoral, deceptive or scandalous matter;2. Any matter which may falsely suggest a connection with persons, living or dead, institutions, beliefs, or national symbols, or bring them into contempt or disrepute;3. The flag or coat of arms or other insignia of the United States, or of any state or municipality, or of any foreign nation, or any simulation thereof;4. The name, signature or portrait identifying a particular living individual, except by the individual's written consent;5. A mark which (i) when used on or in connection with the goods or services of the applicant, is merely descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive of them; (ii) when used on or in connection with the goods or services of the applicant, is primarily geographically descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive of them; or (iii) is primarily merely a surname; however, nothing in this subdivision shall prevent the registration of a mark used by the applicant which has become distinctive in this Commonwealth of the applicant's goods or services. The Commission may accept as prima facie evidence that the mark has become distinctive, as used on or in connection with the applicant's goods or services, proof of continuous use thereof as a mark by the applicant in this Commonwealth for the five years before the date of the application for registration; or6. A mark which so resembles a mark registered in this Commonwealth or a trademark, service mark or trade name previously used in this Commonwealth by another and not abandoned, as to be likely, when used on or in connection with the goods or services of the applicant, to cause confusion or mistake, or to deceive.1998, c. 819.
VA Code § 59.1-92.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 6.1 - Registration and Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks|§ 59.1-92.4. Application for registration

Subject to the limitations set forth in this chapter, any person who uses a mark may file with the Commission, in a manner complying with the requirements of the Commission, an application for registration of that mark setting forth, but not limited to, the following information:1. The name and business address of the person applying for such registration; and, if a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited liability partnership, or any other legal entity, the state or other jurisdiction of incorporation, formation, or organization, as the case may be;2. The goods or services on or in connection with which the mark is used and the manner in which the mark is used on or in connection with such goods or services and the class in which such goods or services fall;3. The date when the mark was first used anywhere and the date when it was first used in this Commonwealth by the applicant or a predecessor in interest; and4. A statement that the applicant is the owner of the mark, that the mark is in use in this Commonwealth, and that, to the knowledge of the person verifying the application, no other person has registered the mark in this Commonwealth, or has the right to use such mark in this Commonwealth either in the identical form thereof or in such near resemblance thereto as to be likely, when applied to the goods or services of such other person, to cause confusion or mistake, or to deceive.The Commission may also require that a drawing of the mark, complying with such requirements as the Commission may specify, accompany the application.The application shall be signed and verified (by oath, affirmation or declaration subject to perjury laws) by the applicant or by a person authorized by the applicant to make the application.The application shall be accompanied by a specimen showing the mark as actually used.The application shall be accompanied by a nonrefundable application fee.1998, c. 819.
VA Code § 59.1-92.5 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 6.1 - Registration and Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks|§ 59.1-92.5. Filing of applications

A. Upon the filing of an application for registration and payment of the application fee, the Commission shall cause the application to be examined for conformity with this chapter.B. The applicant shall provide any additional relevant information requested by the Commission, including a description of a design mark, and may make, or authorize the Commission to make, such amendments to the application as may be reasonably requested by the Commission or deemed by the applicant to be advisable to respond to any rejection or objection.C. The Commission may require the applicant to disclaim any unregistrable component of a mark otherwise registrable, and an applicant may voluntarily disclaim any component of a mark sought to be registered. No disclaimer shall prejudice or affect the applicant's or registrant's common law rights then existing or thereafter arising in the disclaimed matter, or the applicant's or registrant's rights of registration on another application if the disclaimed matter is or has become distinctive of the applicant's or registrant's goods or services.D. Amendments to the application may be made by the Commission with the applicant's consent.E. If the applicant is found not to be entitled to registration, the Commission shall notify the applicant thereof in writing and of the reasons therefor. The applicant shall have ninety days from the date of the Commission's notice to make a bona fide reply, or to amend the application, in which event the application shall then be reexamined. This procedure may be repeated until (i) the Commission finally refuses registration of the mark or (ii) the applicant fails to reply or amend within the specified period, whereupon the request for registration shall be deemed to have been finally refused.1998, c. 819.
VA Code § 59.1-92.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 6.1 - Registration and Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks|§ 59.1-92.6. Certificate of registration

Upon compliance by the applicant with the requirements of this chapter, the Commission shall cause a certificate of registration to be issued and delivered to the applicant. The certificate shall show (i) the name and business address of the registrant and, if a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited liability partnership, or any other legal entity, the state or other jurisdiction of incorporation, formation, or organization, as the case may be; (ii) the date claimed for the first use of the mark anywhere and the date claimed for the first use of the mark in this Commonwealth; (iii) the class of goods or services and a description of the goods or services on or in connection with which the mark is used; (iv) a reproduction of the mark; and (v) the registration date and the term of the registration.Any certificate of registration issued by the Commission under the provisions hereof or a copy thereof duly certified by the clerk of the Commission shall be prima facie evidence of the registrant's ownership of the mark, and of the registrant's exclusive right to use the registered mark within the Commonwealth on or in connection with the goods or services specified in the certificate, and shall be admissible in evidence as competent and sufficient proof of the registration of such mark in any actions or judicial proceedings in any court of this Commonwealth.1998, c. 819.
VA Code § 59.1-92.7 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce|Chapter 6.1 - Registration and Protection of Trademarks and Service Marks|§ 59.1-92.7. Duration and renewal

A registration of a mark hereunder shall be effective for a term of five years from the date of registration and, upon application filed within six months prior to the expiration of such term, in a manner complying with the requirements of the Commission, the registration may be renewed for a like term from the end of the expiring term. A renewal fee shall accompany the application for renewal of the registration.A registration may be renewed for successive periods of five years in like manner.Any registration in force on the date on which this chapter becomes effective shall continue in full force and effect for the unexpired term thereof and may be renewed for five years by filing with the Commission, within six months prior to the expiration of the registration, an application for renewal complying with the requirements of the Commission and paying the aforementioned renewal fee therefor.All applications for renewal under this chapter, whether of registrations made under this chapter or of registrations effected under any prior law, shall include a verified statement that the mark has been and is still in use and include a specimen showing actual use of the mark on or in connection with the goods or services.1998, c. 819.