reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NC Gen Stat § 90-407 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 28 - Self-Referrals by Health Care Providers.|§ 90-407 - Disciplinary action and penalties.

 90-407. Disciplinary action and penalties.(a) Any violation of this Article shall constitute grounds for disciplinary action to be taken by the applicable Board pursuant to Chapter 90 of the General Statutes.(b) Any health care provider who refers a patient in violation of G.S. 90-406(a), or any health care provider or entity who(1) Presents or causes to be presented a bill or claim for service that the health care provider or entity knows or should know is prohibited by G.S. 90-406(b), or(2) Fails to make a refund as required by G.S. 90-406(c),shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) for each such bill or claim, to be recovered in an action instituted either in Wake County Superior Court, or any other county, by the Attorney General for the use of the State of North Carolina.  (c) Any health care provider or other entity that enters into an arrangement or scheme, such as cross-referral arrangement, that the health care provider or entity knows or should know is intended to induce referrals or patients for designated health care services to a particular entity and that, if the health care provider directly made referrals to such entity, would violate G.S. 90-406(d), shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000) for each such circumvention arrangement or scheme, to be recovered in an action instituted either in Wake County Superior Court, or any other county, by the Attorney General for the use of the State of North Carolina. No civil penalty shall be assessed hereunder for any arrangement fully disclosed to the Attorney General in writing which receives a favorable determination by the Attorney General that, in his opinion, such arrangement is not a violation of G.S. 90-406, until a contrary determination is made in a court of law.(d) The clear proceeds of civil penalties provided for in this section shall be remitted to the Civil Penalty and Forfeiture Fund in accordance with G.S. 115C-457.2. (1993, c. 482, s. 1; 1998-215, s. 74.)
NC Gen Stat § 90-408 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 28 - Self-Referrals by Health Care Providers.|§ 90-408 - Exceptions for underserved areas.

 90-408. Exceptions for underserved areas.(a) The provisions of G.S. 90-406 shall not apply to the referral by any health care provider to any entity in which such health care provider has a legal, beneficial, or investment interest upon receipt by such health care provider of a determination by the Department of Health and Human Services that:(1) There is a demonstrated need in the county where the entity is located or is proposed to be located; and(2) Alternative financing is not available on reasonable terms from other sources to develop such entity.(b) The Department shall promulgate regulations governing the form and content of the applications to be filed by health care providers making application for exemption from G.S. 90-406, the business conduct of any such entity and the fair and reasonable access by all health care providers in such county to the entity. Any determination made by the Department under this section shall be applicable for a period of five years from the date of issuance.(c) In all cases in which a health care provider refers a patient to a health care facility outside that health care provider's practice in which the health care provider has a legal, beneficial, or investment interest, the health care provider shall disclose to the patient the health care provider's investment interest. Patients shall be given a list of effective alternative facilities if any such facilities become reasonably available, informed that they have the option to use one of the alternative facilities, and assured that they will not be treated differently by the health care provider if they do not choose the health care provider's facility. (1993, c. 482, s. 1; 1997-443, s. 11A.118(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-410 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29 - Medical Records.|§ 90-410 - Definitions.

 90-410. Definitions.As used in this Article:(1) "Health care provider" means any person who is licensed or certified to practice a health profession or occupation under this Chapter or Chapters 90B or 90C of the General Statutes, a health care facility licensed under Chapters 131E or 122C of the General Statutes, and a representative or agent of a health care provider.(2) "Medical records" means personal information that relates to an individual's physical or mental condition, medical history, or medical treatment, excluding X rays and fetal monitor records. (1993, c. 529, s. 4.3.)
NC Gen Stat § 90-411 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29 - Medical Records.|§ 90-411 - Record copy fee.

 90-411. Record copy fee.A health care provider may charge a reasonable fee to cover the costs incurred in searching, handling, copying, and mailing medical records to the patient or the patient's designated representative. The maximum fee for each request shall be seventy-five cents (75 ) per page for the first 25 pages, fifty cents (50 ) per page for pages 26 through 100, and twenty-five cents (25 ) for each page in excess of 100 pages, provided that the health care provider may impose a minimum fee of up to ten dollars ($10.00), inclusive of copying costs. If requested by the patient or the patient's designated representative, nothing herein shall limit a reasonable professional fee charged by a physician for the review and preparation of a narrative summary of the patient's medical record. Charges for medical records and reports related to claims under Article 1 of Chapter 97 of the General Statutes shall be governed by the fees established by the North Carolina Industrial Commission pursuant to G.S. 97-26.1. This section shall not apply to Department of Health and Human Services Disability Determination Services requests for copies of medical records made on behalf of an applicant for Social Security or Supplemental Security Income disability.  (1993, c. 529, s. 4.3; 1993 (Reg. Sess., 1994), c. 679, s. 5.5; 1995 (Reg. Sess., 1996), c. 742, s. 36; 1997-443, ss. 11.3, 11A.118(b); 2019-191, s. 42.)
NC Gen Stat § 90-412 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29 - Medical Records.|§ 90-412 - Electronic medical records.

 90-412. Electronic medical records.(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any health care provider or facility licensed, certified, or registered under the laws of this State or any unit of State or local government may create and maintain medical records in an electronic format. The health care provider, facility, or governmental unit shall not be required to maintain a separate paper copy of the electronic medical record. A health care provider, facility, or governmental unit shall maintain electronic medical records in a legible and retrievable form, including adequate data backup.(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any health care provider or facility licensed, certified, or registered under the laws of this State or any unit of State or local government may permit authorized individuals to authenticate orders and other medical record entries by written signature, or by electronic or digital signature in lieu of a signature in ink. Medical record entries shall be authenticated by the individual who made or authorized the entry. For purposes of this section, "authentication" means identification of the author of an entry by that author and confirmation that the contents of the entry are what the author intended.(c) The legal rights and responsibilities of patients, health care providers, facilities, and governmental units shall apply to records created or maintained in electronic form to the same extent as those rights and responsibilities apply to medical records embodied in paper or other media. This subsection applies with respect to the security, confidentiality, accuracy, integrity, access to, and disclosure of medical records. (1999-247, s. 2; 2007-248, s. 3.)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.1 - Title.

 90-414.1. Title.This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Statewide Health Information Exchange Act."  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.2 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.2 - Purpose.

 90-414.2. Purpose.This Article is intended to improve the quality of health care delivery within this State by facilitating and regulating the use of a voluntary, statewide health information exchange network for the secure electronic transmission of individually identifiable health information among health care providers, health plans, and health care clearinghouses in a manner that is consistent with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Privacy Rule and Security Rule, 45 C.F.R. 160, 164.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.3 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.3 - Definitions.

 90-414.3. Definitions.The following definitions apply in this Article:(1) Business associate. - As defined in 45 C.F.R. 160.103.(2) Business associate contract. - The documentation required by 45 C.F.R. 164.502(e)(2) that meets the applicable requirements of 45 C.F.R. 164.504(e).(3) Covered entity. - Any entity described in 45 C.F.R. 160.103 or any other facility or practitioner licensed by the State to provide health care services.(4) Department. - North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services.(5) Disclose or disclosure. - The release, transfer, provision of access to, or divulging in any other manner an individual's protected health information through the HIE Network.(6) Repealed by Session Laws 2017-57, s. 11A.5(f), effective July 1, 2017.(7) GDAC. - The North Carolina Government Data Analytics Center.(8) HIE Network. - The voluntary, statewide health information exchange network overseen and administered by the Authority.(9) HIPAA. - Sections 261 through 264 of the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, P.L. 104-191, as amended, and any federal regulations adopted to implement these sections, as amended.(10) Individual. - As defined in 45 C.F.R. 160.103.(11) North Carolina Health Information Exchange Advisory Board or Advisory Board. - The Advisory Board established under G.S. 90-414.8.(12) North Carolina Health Information Exchange Authority or Authority. - The entity established pursuant to G.S. 90-414.7.(13) Opt out. - An individual's affirmative decision communicated to the Authority in writing to disallow his or her protected health information from being disclosed by the Authority to covered entities or other persons or entities through the HIE Network.(14) Protected health information. - As defined in 45 C.F.R. 160.103.(15) Public health purposes. - The public health activities and purposes described in 45 C.F.R. 164.512(b).(16) Qualified organization. - An entity with which the Authority has contracted for the sole purpose of facilitating the exchange of data with or through the HIE Network.(17) Research purposes. - Research purposes referenced in and subject to the standards described in 45 C.F.R. 164.512(i).(18) State CIO. - The State Chief Information Officer.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d); 2015-264, s. 86.5(b); 2017-57, ss. 11A.5(c), (f).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.5 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.5 - State agency and legislative access to HIE Network data.

 90-414.5. State agency and legislative access to HIE Network data.(a) The Authority shall provide the Department and the State Health Plan for Teachers and State Employees secure, real-time access to data and information disclosed through the HIE Network, solely for the purposes set forth in G.S. 90-414.4(a) and in G.S. 90-414.2. The Authority shall limit access granted to the State Health Plan for Teachers and State Employees pursuant to this section to data and information disclosed through the HIE Network that pertains to services (i) rendered to teachers and State employees and (ii) paid for by the State Health Plan.(b) At the written request of the Director of the Fiscal Research, Legislative Drafting, Legislative Analysis, or Program Evaluation Division of the General Assembly for an aggregate analysis of the data and information disclosed through the HIE Network, the Authority shall provide the professional staff of these Divisions with the aggregated analysis responsive to the Director's request. Prior to providing the Director or General Assembly's staff with any aggregate data or information submitted through the HIE Network or with any analysis of this aggregate data or information, the Authority shall redact any personal identifying information in a manner consistent with the standards specified for de-identification of health information under the HIPAA Privacy Rule, 45 C.F.R. 164.514, as amended.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d); 2017-102, s. 39(a); 2018-142, s. 4(b).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.6 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.6 - State ownership of HIE Network data.

 90-414.6. State ownership of HIE Network data.Any data pertaining to services rendered to Medicaid and other State-funded health care program beneficiaries submitted through and stored by the HIE Network pursuant to G.S. 90-414.4 or any other provision of this Article shall be and will remain the sole property of the State. Any data or product derived from the aggregated, de-identified data submitted to and stored by the HIE Network pursuant to G.S. 90-414.4 or any other provision of this Article, shall be and will remain the sole property of the State. The Authority shall not allow data it receives pursuant to G.S. 90-414.4 or any other provision of this Article to be used or disclosed by or to any person or entity for commercial purposes or for any other purpose other than those set forth in G.S. 90-414.4(a) or G.S. 90-414.2. To the extent the Authority receives requests for electronic health information as the term is defined in 45 C.F.R. 171.102, or other medical records from an individual, an individual's personal representative, or an individual or entity purporting to act on an individual's behalf, the Authority (i) shall not fulfill the request and (ii) shall make available to the requester and the public, via the Authority's website, educational materials about how to access such information from other sources.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d); 2021-26, s. 6.)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.9 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.9 - Participation by covered entities.

 90-414.9. Participation by covered entities.(a) Each covered entity that participates in the HIE Network shall enter into a HIPAA compliant business associate agreement described in G.S. 90-414.7(b)(8) and a written participation agreement described in G.S. 90-414.7(b)(6) with the Authority or qualified organization prior to submitting data through or in the HIE Network.(b) Each covered entity that participates in the HIE Network may authorize its business associates on behalf of the covered entity to submit data through, or access data stored in, the HIE Network in accordance with this Article and at the discretion of the Authority, as provided in G.S. 90-414.7(b)(8).(c) Notwithstanding any federal or State law or regulation to the contrary, each covered entity that participates in the HIE Network may disclose an individual's protected health information through the HIE Network to other covered entities for any purpose permitted by HIPAA.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d); 2015-264, s. 86.5(c); 2017-57, s. 11A.5(d).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.10 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.10 - Continuing right to opt out; effect of opt out.

 90-414.10. Continuing right to opt out; effect of opt out.(a) Each individual has the right on a continuing basis to opt out or rescind a decision to opt out.(b) The Authority or its designee shall enforce an individual's decision to opt out or rescind an opt out prospectively from the date the Authority or its designee receives written notice of the individual's decision to opt out or rescind an opt out in the manner prescribed by the Authority. An individual's decision to opt out or rescind an opt out does not affect any disclosures made by the Authority or covered entities through the HIE Network prior to receipt by the Authority or its designee of the individual's written notice to opt out or rescind an opt out.(c) A covered entity shall not deny treatment, coverage, or benefits to an individual because of the individual's decision to opt out. However, nothing in this Article is intended to restrict a health care provider from otherwise appropriately terminating a relationship with an individual in accordance with applicable law and professional ethical standards.(d) Except as otherwise permitted in G.S. 90-414.11(a)(3), or as required by law, the protected health information of an individual who has exercised the right to opt out may not be made accessible or disclosed to covered entities or any other person or entity through the HIE Network for any purpose.(e) Repealed by Session Laws 2017-57, s. 11A.5(e), effective July 1, 2017.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d); 2017-57, s. 11A.5(e); 2019-23, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.11 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.11 - Construction and applicability.

 90-414.11. Construction and applicability.(a) Nothing in this Article shall be construed to do any of the following:(1) Impair any rights conferred upon an individual under HIPAA, including all of the following rights related to an individual's protected health information:a. The right to receive a notice of privacy practices.b. The right to request restriction of use and disclosure.c. The right of access to inspect and obtain copies.d. The right to request amendment.e. The right to request confidential forms of communication.f. The right to receive an accounting of disclosures.(2) Authorize the disclosure of protected health information through the HIE Network to the extent that the disclosure is restricted by federal laws or regulations, including the federal drug and alcohol confidentiality regulations set forth in 42 C.F.R. Part 2.(3) Restrict the disclosure of protected health information through the HIE Network for public health purposes or research purposes, so long as disclosure is permitted by both HIPAA and State law.(4) Prohibit the Authority or any covered entity participating in the HIE Network from maintaining in the Authority's or qualified organization's computer system a copy of the protected health information of an individual who has exercised the right to opt out, as long as the Authority or the qualified organization does not access, use, or disclose the individual's protected health information for any purpose other than for necessary system maintenance or as required by federal or State law.(b) This Article applies only to disclosures of protected health information made through the HIE Network, including disclosures made within qualified organizations. It does not apply to the use or disclosure of protected health information in any context outside of the HIE Network, including the redisclosure of protected health information obtained through the HIE Network.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-414.12 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 29B - Statewide Health Information Exchange Act.|§ 90-414.12 - Penalties and remedies; immunity for covered entities and business associates for good faith participation.

 90-414.12. Penalties and remedies; immunity for covered entities and business associates for good faith participation.(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a covered entity that discloses protected health information in violation of this Article is subject to the following:(1) Any civil penalty or criminal penalty, or both, that may be imposed on the covered entity pursuant to the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, P.L. 111-5, Div. A, Title XIII, section 13001, as amended, and any regulations adopted under the HITECH Act.(2) Any civil remedy under the HITECH Act or any regulations adopted under the HITECH Act that is available to the Attorney General or to an individual who has been harmed by a violation of this Article, including damages, penalties, attorneys' fees, and costs.(3) Disciplinary action by the respective licensing board or regulatory agency with jurisdiction over the covered entity.(4) Any penalty authorized under Article 2A of Chapter 75 of the General Statutes if the violation of this Article is also a violation of Article 2A of Chapter 75 of the General Statutes.(5) Any other civil or administrative remedy available to a plaintiff by State or federal law or equity.(b) To the extent permitted under or consistent with federal law, a covered entity or its business associate that in good faith submits data through, accesses, uses, discloses, or relies upon data submitted through the HIE Network shall not be subject to criminal prosecution or civil liability for damages caused by such submission, access, use, disclosure, or reliance.  (2015-241, s. 12A.5(d).)
NC Gen Stat § 90-450 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 30 - Practice of Acupuncture.|§ 90-450 - Purpose.

 90-450. Purpose.It is the purpose of this Article to promote the health, safety, and welfare of the people of North Carolina by establishing an orderly system of acupuncture licensing and to provide a valid, effective means of establishing licensing requirements. (1993, c. 303, s. 1.)
NC Gen Stat § 90-451 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 90 - Medicine and Allied Occupations|Article 30 - Practice of Acupuncture.|§ 90-451 - Definitions.

 90-451. Definitions.The following definitions apply in this Article:(1) Acupuncture. - A form of health care developed from traditional and modern Chinese medical concepts that employ acupuncture diagnosis and treatment, and adjunctive therapies and diagnostic techniques, for the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health and the prevention of disease.(2) Board. - The Acupuncture Licensing Board.(3) Practice of acupuncture or practice acupuncture. - The insertion of acupuncture needles and the application of moxibustion to specific areas of the human body based upon acupuncture diagnosis as a primary mode of therapy. Adjunctive therapies within the scope of acupuncture may include massage, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and electromagnetic treatment and the recommendation of herbs, dietary guidelines, and therapeutic exercise. (1993, c. 303, s. 1.)