reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-60 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-60 - Judge of probate as attorney for nonresident fiduciary. Service of process.

 (a) No appointment of a nonresident of this state as an executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee may take effect until the person so appointed has filed in the court of probate making the appointment a certificate, acknowledged before an officer authorized to take acknowledgments of deeds, appointing the judge of the court of probate and the judge's successors in office to be his attorney upon whom all process in any action or proceeding described in section 52-61 and in any garnishment of the estate in the possession of the executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee may be served.(b) Such person shall agree in the certificate that any such process which is served on the judge of probate shall be of the same force and validity as if served on himself, subject to the applicable provisions of sections 52-87 and 52-88, and that the appointment of the judge of probate to be his attorney shall continue in force as long as any liability remains outstanding against him as a fiduciary and as long as he has any estate in his possession as a fiduciary.(c) Copies of the certificate of appointment, certified by the judge or the clerk of the court of probate, shall be sufficient evidence of appointment and agreement.(d) Service upon the judge of probate as attorney for the nonresident fiduciary shall be sufficient service upon the nonresident fiduciary, and shall be made by leaving an attested copy of the process with such judge of probate or with the probate court that appointed the nonresident fiduciary, and such judge or court shall forthwith give notice thereof to such executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee.(e) The judge of probate shall keep a record of all process served upon him which shall show the day and hour when service was made.(1949 Rev., S. 7777; P.A. 82-160, S. 18; P.A. 12-66, S. 16.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators; P.A. 12-66 amended Subsec. (d) to add provision re copy of process left with probate court that appointed nonresident fiduciary and make a technical change, effective January 1, 2013.See Sec. 45a-206 re right of foreign corporation to be executor or trustee.Cited. 147 C. 561; 195 C. 191.Cited. 18 CS 441.
CT Gen Stat § 52-61 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-61 - Service upon nonresident fiduciaries.

 Process in civil actions against a nonresident executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee, in his representative capacity, or in his individual capacity in any action founded upon or arising from his acts or omissions as such executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee, may be served by leaving a true and attested copy thereof with the judge of probate or probate court that appointed the nonresident executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee, and such judge or court shall forthwith give notice thereof to such executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee.(1949 Rev., S. 7778; P.A. 12-66, S. 17.)History: P.A. 12-66 deleted provision re district where estate is in settlement, added provision re copy of process left with probate court that appointed nonresident executor, administrator, conservator, guardian or trustee, and made a conforming change, effective January 1, 2013.See Sec. 45a-206 re right of foreign corporation to be executor or trustee.Whether applicable to garnishee process, quaere; if so, should summon executor, not judge. 88 C. 608. The fact that an estate is being administered in this state empowers our courts to grant an injunction against a nonresident defendant executor not otherwise before the court. 134 C. 486. Cited. 147 C. 561; 195 C. 191; 206 C. 374.
CT Gen Stat § 52-64 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-64 - Service in action against state.

 (a) Service of civil process in any civil action or proceeding maintainable against or in any appeal authorized from the actions of, or service of any foreign attachment or garnishment authorized against, the state or against any institution, board, commission, department or administrative tribunal thereof, or against any officer, servant, agent or employee of the state or of any such institution, board, commission, department or administrative tribunal, as the case may be, may be made by a proper officer (1) leaving a true and attested copy of the process, including the declaration or complaint, with the Attorney General at the office of the Attorney General in Hartford, or (2) sending a true and attested copy of the process, including the summons and complaint, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the Attorney General at the office of the Attorney General in Hartford.(b) In any civil action commenced by a person who is incarcerated against the state or any institution, board, commission, department or administrative tribunal thereof, or against any officer, servant, agent or employee of the state or of any such institution, board, commission, department or administrative tribunal, as the case may be, service of process on all defendants in such civil action, who are sued in their official capacity, shall be accomplished by a proper officer (1) leaving one true and attested copy of the process, including the declaration or complaint, with the Attorney General at the office of the Attorney General in Hartford, or (2) sending one true and attested copy of the process, including the summons and complaint, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the Attorney General at the office of the Attorney General in Hartford.(1949 Rev., S. 7781; 1967, P.A. 656, S. 36; P.A. 82-160, S. 21; P.A. 05-105, S. 1; P.A. 12-133, S. 44.)History: 1967 act deleted reference to service on the attorney general at his office “in the capitol”; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and added “or garnishment”; P.A. 05-105 added provision re service “by a proper officer”, designated provision re service by leaving true and attested copy of process with the Attorney General as Subdiv. (1), made a technical change and added Subdiv. (2) re service by sending process by certified mail to the Attorney General; P.A. 12-133 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and made technical changes therein and added Subsec. (b) re service of process in action commenced by a person who is incarcerated.Cited. 195 C. 191. Cited. 206 C. 374. Cited. 217 C. 130. Cited. 228 C. 343.Cited. 2 CA 196. Section concerns civil process, not subsequent pleadings, which are governed by the Practice Book. 91 CA 864.Cited. 43 CS 10.
CT Gen Stat § 52-65 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-65 - Service upon nonresident in a quo warranto case.

 Service of an information in the nature of quo warranto brought against a nonresident usurping any office in a corporation organized under the laws of this state may be made upon the nonresident by leaving a copy (1) with the secretary of the corporation if the secretary resides in this state, or (2) if the secretary does not reside in this state, with a resident treasurer or assistant treasurer of the corporation. If no such officer resides in this state, service may be made upon the Attorney General of this state. Any service pursuant to this section shall constitute service upon the nonresident defendant and shall be sufficient notice to the defendant to enable the relator to bring the action to trial.(1949 Rev., S. 7782; 1961, P.A. 517, S. 124; P.A. 82-160, S. 22.)History: 1961 act deleted redundant language; P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section.Cited. 195 C. 191.
CT Gen Stat § 52-66 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-66 - Execution of process by borough bailiffs.

 Section 52-66 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7783; P.A. 82-160, S. 259.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-67 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-67 - Service in actions on joint contracts.

 In actions on joint contracts, the service of any process upon such of the defendants as are inhabitants of this state shall be sufficient notice to maintain the suit against all the defendants.(1949 Rev., S. 7784.)This is true although after such service the nonresidents become residents. 1 D. 141. Judgment may be rendered at the first term. 3 C. 474. Service on a nonresident, while temporarily here, is sufficient. 27 C. 9. Cited. 195 C. 191.Cited. 2 CS 18; 3 CS 85. Authority to “maintain the suit against all the defendants” means all the defendants over whom the court has jurisdiction. 21 CS 156.
CT Gen Stat § 52-68 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-68 - Notice to nonresident adverse or interested parties and interested parties unknown to plaintiff.

 (a) The Superior Court, and the judges, clerks and assistant clerks thereof, may, except where it is otherwise specially provided by law, make such order as is deemed reasonable, in regard to the notice which shall be given of the institution or pendency of all complaints, writs of error and appeals from probate, which may be brought to or pending in the Superior Court, when the adverse party, or any persons so interested therein that they ought to be made parties thereto, reside out of the state, or when the names or residences of any such persons in interest are unknown to the party instituting the proceeding.(b) Such notice, having been given and proved by the affidavit of the officer who served the notice or by other competent evidence, shall be deemed sufficient service and notice, and the court may proceed to a hearing, unless otherwise provided by law, or may order further notice as it deems reasonable.(1949 Rev., S. 7785; 1961, P.A. 517, S. 40; February, 1965, P.A. 395; P.A. 78-280, S. 101, 127; P.A. 82-160, S. 23.)History: 1961 act deleted obsolete provision for making of orders by county commissioners; 1965 act amended last sentence to provide proof be “by the affidavit ... or other competent evidence”; P.A. 78-280 substituted “superior court” for “any court”, reflecting transfer of all trial jurisdiction to superior court, and deleted reference to terms and sessions of court, reflecting fact that court now sits continuously; P.A. 82-160 replaced “several courts, other than the courts of probate,” with “superior court” and inserted Subsec. indicators.See Sec. 52-52 re orders of notice of legal or judicial proceedings.Effect of service by publication. 89 C. 221. Cited. 108 C. 175. Sufficient notice given. 139 C. 506. Does not apply to actions under Sec. 46-28. 142 C. 173. Cited. 147 C. 561. Properly applies to an annulment action against nonresident defendant where plaintiff is domiciled in Connecticut. 152 C. 160. Action for declaratory judgment to determine title of property in another state not an in rem action and personal service is required. Id., 228. Cited. 182 C. 14; 190 C. 48; 195 C. 191; 212 C. 157.Cited. 31 CA 569.Cited. 39 CS 198.
CT Gen Stat § 52-69 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-69 - Notice to “representatives and creditors”, “widow” or “widower and heirs”.

 The plaintiff in any action for equitable relief to which it would be necessary to make the executor of the will or administrator of the estate of a deceased person a party, if there were an executor or administrator, may, if there is no executor or administrator, and if he sets forth in his complaint the interest of such deceased person, make the deceased person's “representatives and creditors”, without further or other designation or description, parties to the action; or if an action for equitable relief is brought relating to any interest in real property belonging to or claimed by the widow, widower or heirs of any deceased person, and the plaintiff or his attorney attach to the complaint in the action an affidavit stating that the plaintiff does not know who the widow, widower or heirs, or some of them, are, or where they or any of them reside, and, in the process to the action, describes as parties defendant “the widow and heirs”, “the widower and heirs” or “the heirs”, as the case may be, of the deceased person, without further describing the names or residences of any such parties whose names and residences may be unknown to him, the court to which the action is brought making “representatives and creditors”, “the widow and heirs”, “the widower and heirs”, or “the heirs” parties defendant, or the clerk, assistant clerk or any judge thereof, may make such order relative to the notice to be given as the court, clerk, assistant clerk or judge deems reasonable. Notice having been given according to the order and duly proved, the court may proceed to a hearing of the action. Any executor or administrator who may be appointed or qualified pending such proceedings, or any other person claiming as creditor, widow, widower or heir of the deceased person, may appear and defend in the action. All creditors and representatives of the deceased person shall be forever concluded by the judgment or decree rendered in the action.(1949 Rev., S. 7786; P.A. 78-280, S. 102, 127; P.A. 82-160, S. 24.)History: P.A. 78-280 deleted reference to hearing of cause at court's first term or session after notice given, reflecting fact that court now sits continuously; P.A. 82-160 rephrased section.See Sec. 52-87 re continuance of action because of absent or nonresident defendant.Judgment void if defendant dead when action begun. 117 C. 47. Defect in naming parties rendered it improper for Superior Court to make judgment construing will. 151 C. 598.Cited. 1 CA 535.
CT Gen Stat § 52-70 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-70 - Endorsement on process for fees. Penalty for exacting illegal fees.

 Each officer serving any process shall endorse thereon the items of his fees, with the number of miles traveled by him. If any officer demands and receives on any civil process more than his legal fees, he shall pay threefold the amount of all the fees demanded to the defendant in the action in which the illegal fees were exacted, if such fees have been paid by the defendant, otherwise to the plaintiff in such action. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any case in which the fees claimed to be illegal have been taxed and allowed by the proper authority.(1949 Rev., S. 7789; P.A. 82-160, S. 25.)History: P.A. 82-160 made a minor technical change.See Sec. 52-356a(e) re statement of levying officer's fees before return of satisfied or partially satisfied execution.This is a penal statute and inapplicable to criminal proceedings. 23 C. 240. When officer not limited to statutory fees. 54 C. 5. Under statute prior to revision, defendant in the original action could not sue the officer. 74 C. 241.
CT Gen Stat § 52-71 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-71 - Process void if issued or served on Sunday.

 Section 52-71 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 7791; P.A. 76-415, S. 9; 76-435, S. 81, 82.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-72 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 896 - Civil Process, Service and Time for Return|Section 52-72 - Amendment of process.

 (a) Upon payment of taxable costs, any court shall allow a proper amendment to civil process which is for any reason defective.(b) Such amended process shall be served in the same manner as other civil process and shall have the same effect, from the date of the service, as if originally proper in form.(c) If the court, on motion and after hearing, finds that the parties had notice of the pendency of the action and their rights have not been prejudiced or affected by reason of the defect, any attachment made by the original service and the rights under any lis pendens shall be preserved and continued from the date of service of the original process as though the original process had been in proper form. A certified copy of the finding shall be attached to and served with the amended process.(1949 Rev., S. 7793; P.A. 82-160, S. 26; P.A. 12-133, S. 17.)History: P.A. 82-160 rephrased the section and inserted Subsec. indicators; P.A. 12-133 amended Subsec. (a) by providing that upon payment of taxable costs, any court shall allow a proper amendment to civil process which is for any reason defective and by deleting references to “process which has been made returnable to the wrong return day” and “upon payment of costs taxable upon sustaining a plea in abatement”.See Sec. 52-130 re amendments of defects, mistakes or informalities in pleadings, record or proceedings.Fact that process may be amended to cure defect is not ground for refusal to sustain plea in abatement. 131 C. 658. Cited. 178 C. 472; 227 C. 913; 228 C. 914. Section is mandatory; judgment of Appellate Court in 31 CA 793 reversed. 229 C. 618. Cited. 232 C. 392; 236 C. 681. Provision should be liberally construed in favor of those whom legislature intended to benefit; provision allows amendment to correct a late return of process. 243 C. 657. Under 2009 revision, plaintiff's failure to attach a summons or citation to the complaint was a substantive defect in the service of process and was not the type of technical defect that is amendable pursuant to section. 308 C. 180.Cited. 18 CA 488; 23 CA 188; 31 CA 793; judgment reversed, see 229 C. 618; 33 CA 6; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 914. Intent is to prevent loss of jurisdiction merely because of defect of return date. 50 CA 456. Although Sec. 52-48 sets forth 2-month time limitation for return of process, the legislature, by enacting this section, clearly provided parties an avenue to correct a procedural error concerning such process. 61 CA 305. The date process is returned to court is an historical fact that is substantive in nature and is not amendable pursuant to section. 157 CA 617. Return date of a summary process action may be amended to correct failure to return the complaint at least three days before the return date as required by Sec. 47a-23a. 191 CA 842.Cited. 18 CS 482; 29 CS 289; 40 CS 243; 44 CS 39.
CT Gen Stat § 52-73 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 897 - Parties and Appearances|Section 52-73 - Municipal corporations may sue and be sued.

 Towns, societies, communities and corporations may prosecute and defend civil actions, may appoint agents to appear in their behalf and may employ attorneys in such actions.(1949 Rev., S. 7794; 1959, P.A. 152, S. 74.)History: 1959 act deleted provision counties may prosecute and defend, county government having been abolished.Counties at one time were not liable to suit. 1 R. 158; 2 R. 30; 12 C. 404. Section includes school districts. 10 C. 390. Suits by part of a society, under special authority. 2 D. 259. Description of town, as plaintiff. 3 C. 1. Selectmen may sue for town without special authority. 19 C. 331; 64 C. 88. Power of town to employ counsel to oppose adverse legislation. 70 C. 40. “Pretended town” as party. 77 C. 266. So to defend members of school committee in action involving performance of their duties. 79 C. 237.
CT Gen Stat § 52-73a. (Formerly Sec. 52-116) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 897 - Parties and Appearances|Section 52-73a. (Formerly Sec. 52-116) - Action on bond to municipal officer.

 When any bond, note or other security is taken to any officer of a community or corporation in this state, wherein the beneficial interest belongs, or on the face of such security appears to belong, to such community or corporation, any action to recover or enforce the same may be maintained by such community or corporation in its own corporate name.(1949 Rev., S. 7838.)History: Sec. 52-116 transferred to Sec. 52-73a in 1983.
CT Gen Stat § 52-74 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 897 - Parties and Appearances|Section 52-74 - Action on foreign probate bond.

 Any bond entered into in accordance with the laws of any other state of the United States, conditioned for the proper performance by any person or persons of the duties of executor, administrator, guardian or trustee, to the acceptance of the court having jurisdiction, may be enforced, in case of breach, against any obligors therein, resident within this state, by an action in the name of the person or persons who would be entitled to sue thereon in the proper courts of such other state. All such suits, in respect to the security for the costs by endorsement, and the effect of the judgments rendered in the same, shall be governed by the provisions concerning actions on probate bonds contained in section 52-117.(1949 Rev., S. 7795; P.A. 15-85, S. 13.)History: P.A. 15-85 deleted reference to Sec. 52-190 and made a technical change.
CT Gen Stat § 52-75 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 897 - Parties and Appearances|Section 52-75 - Action by holder of mortgage or lien where grantee assumed the debt.

 Whenever any real property encumbered by mortgage or lien is conveyed subject to the mortgage or lien and there is a provision in the conveyance that the grantee shall assume and pay the encumbrance, the holder of the mortgage or lien may, upon the nonpayment of the the encumbrance, maintain an action in his own name upon the grantee's promise, without obtaining an assignment thereof from the grantor of the property.(1949 Rev., S. 7796; P.A. 82-160, S. 27.)History: P.A. 82-160 replaced “estate” with “property” and rephrased the section.Undertaking of grantee held to be an absolute contract to pay the mortgage debt. 42 C. 253; 48 C. 239. Prior to statute, mortgagee could not sue grantee who assumed the mortgage debt. 49 C. 191. Relationship and rights of parties. 51 C. 39. Failure of husband married before 1877 to join in mortgage no defense to action on assumption. 72 C. 714. Cited. 73 C. 398. Extends to all subsequent grantees of mortgage. 75 C. 70. But merely taking of equity subject to mortgage does not constitute assumption of debt, and even assumption of debt is open to explanation. 76 C. 584; 87 C. 567; 88 C. 197; 89 C. 66. Right of purchaser of land who pays mortgage to have it assigned to him. 95 C. 585. Mortgage holder may make liable one who assumed, even though in chain of title some previous owner of the equity did not assume. 110 C. 86. Cited. 111 C. 277; 114 C. 201; 124 C. 338; 190 C. 756.Cited. 5 CS 206.