reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MA Gen L ch 179 § 17 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 17 - Powers After Disposal of Property

Section 17. The proprietors may, within ten years after such division, call and hold meetings and vote and raise money by assessments, as before provided, for the payment of their debts and all other charges and demands against them, and may do all other lawful acts necessary for closing their business.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 18 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 18 - Management of Distinct Lots or Parcels of Land Enclosed and Fenced in One Common Field

Section 18. If several distinct lots or parcels of land are enclosed and fenced in one common field, or if all the proprietors of such lands agree so to enclose them, the proprietors, if not less than five, may, in the manner hereinafter provided, hold regular meetings for the purpose of managing their common concerns.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 19 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 19 - Issuance of Warrant for Meeting Upon Application of Proprietors of Land Comprising Common Field

Section 19. On application of two or more proprietors to a justice of the peace, he shall issue his warrant for a meeting, as provided in section one, which shall be called either in the manner prescribed in section two or by personal notice served on each proprietor fourteen days at least before the time appointed for the meeting. Each proprietor may vote according to the relative amount or value of his interest, if known; otherwise, in accordance with section ten.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 20 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 20 - Officers

Section 20. The proprietors may from time to time choose a clerk, three or more assessors, a collector and such other officers as they find to be necessary; each of whom shall continue in office until removed by the proprietors or until his successor is qualified. The clerk and assessors shall be sworn.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 21 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 21 - Field Drivers; Selection; Powers

Section 21. They may choose one or more field drivers, who shall have and exercise the same powers with respect to the general fields as field drivers chosen by a town.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 22 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 22 - Rules as to Pasturing

Section 22. They may adopt such rules as to pasturing the land and as to other matters in which they have a common interest as they consider just and equitable and most for the general good; but in all other respects each proprietor may manage and cultivate his land as he thinks best.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 23 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 23 - Voting Rights; Land Enclosed for One Proprietor's Exclusive Benefit

Section 23. At meetings of proprietors for adopting rules or regulations as to pasturing, land of a proprietor enclosed for his exclusive benefit shall not be valued or reckoned in determining his right to vote on questions relative to pasturing his land.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 24 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 24 - Trespass by a Proprietor

Section 24. If a proprietor puts horses, cattle or other beasts into the general field contrary to the regulations of the proprietors, either by putting in more than the number allowed him, or by putting them in before the day fixed therefor, or by keeping them therein longer than the time limited, he shall be considered a trespasser, and his beasts may be impounded as taken doing damage.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 25 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 25 - Assessments Upon Proprietors

Section 25. The proprietors may from time to time raise money for defraying their common charges and managing their affairs, which shall be assessed by the assessors upon the several proprietors in proportion to their respective interests; and a proprietor aggrieved by such assessment may apply for an abatement to the county commissioners, who shall hear and determine the case, and whose judgment thereon shall be final.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 26 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 26 - Collection of Assessments

Section 26. The clerk shall issue his warrant to the collector, requiring him to collect all amounts so assessed and to pay them over to the clerk or other proper officer according to the orders of the proprietors. The collector shall collect said amounts in the same manner as collectors of towns are authorized to collect town taxes.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 27 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 27 - Remedy for Injury to Land Caused by Beasts of Stranger

Section 27. A proprietor injured in his lands by the beasts of a stranger shall have the same remedy therefor as if his land had been enclosed and used separately.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 28 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 28 - Apportionment of Fence Among Proprietors

Section 28. The whole fence enclosing such general field shall, so far as found convenient, be apportioned among the proprietors according to the number of acres held and cultivated or otherwise used by each; and the part to be maintained by each proprietor shall be apportioned to him by two or more fence viewers, unless the proprietors agree on such apportionment. The proportion of fence of each proprietor shall be recorded in the books of the proprietors by the clerk, if any; otherwise, by the clerk of the town where the general field is situated.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 29 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 29 - Non-Use of Land; Liability for Maintenance or Assessment on Fence

Section 29. A proprietor shall not, so long as he declines to cultivate his land or use it for pasturing, for the growth of wood or otherwise, be required to maintain any part of the fence or to pay any assessment on account of his land.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 30 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 30 - Expenses of Apportionment and Maintenance

Section 30. The expense of apportioning the fence and also of making and maintaining such part thereof as cannot be conveniently and justly apportioned to any one proprietor shall be borne by all the proprietors liable to be assessed in proportion to their respective interests; and the part apportioned to each proprietor shall be made and maintained by him so long as he uses his part of the general field for pasturing, planting, mowing or otherwise.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 31 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 31 - Repair of Fence by Other Proprietor

Section 31. If the part of the fence apportioned to a proprietor becomes deficient and he does not repair it within three days after notice of such deficiency has been given to him by a fence viewer of the town, it may be repaired by any other proprietor. Two or more fence viewers may examine such repairs, and, if they adjudge them sufficient, may ascertain and determine the cost of the same and make a signed statement thereof and of the amount of their fees.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 32 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 32 - Recovery of Cost of Repairs; Double Damages

Section 32. The person making such repairs may demand of the proprietor bound to make them, or of the tenant holding under him, double the cost of the repairs and of the fees of the fence viewers so ascertained; and if they are not paid within one month after notice and demand, he may recover them in tort.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 33 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 33 - Emergency Repair of Fence; Recovery of Cost of Repairs

Section 33. If a part of the fence is suddenly blown down or carried away by a flood or tempest at a time when the crops of grain or grass in the field are thereby exposed to immediate destruction or injury, the proprietor to whom such part of the fence was assigned shall repair it within twenty-four hours after notice thereof given to him by a fence viewer; and if he fails so to do, the fence may be repaired by any other proprietor, who may recover double the cost of the repairs and fees, as provided in the preceding section.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 34 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 34 - Enclosure by Proprietor of Own Land; Effect on Common Field

Section 34. A proprietor may enclose his land at his own expense; and, so long as he keeps it enclosed with a sufficient fence, may cultivate and use it as he thinks fit; and during such period, so far as such enclosed land is concerned, he shall neither be assessed for any expenses incident to the common field nor exercise any control over the portion thereof not enclosed.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 35 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 35 - Maintenance of Boundaries Within General Field; Violation

Section 35. Every proprietor of land lying unfenced in a general field shall once in every two years, if requested by the owner of the adjoining land, run lines with such owner between their lots and make and keep up the boundaries between them by sufficient bound stones, at their joint expense. If he fails so to do after seven days' notice by the adjoining owner, he shall forfeit two dollars to the use of such adjoining owner.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 36 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 36 - Jurisdiction of Superior Court; Order to Fence

Section 36. If it is for the interest of the proprietors of five or more parcels of land to enclose them in one common field, the superior court for the county where the land or any part of it lies may, upon the application of a majority in interest of the proprietors, after notice to all other persons interested and a hearing, order it to be so enclosed, if it appears to be for the common benefit of the parties.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 37 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 37 - Fields Established by Court Order; Management

Section 37. After a common or general field is so established by an order of the court, the further proceedings in relation thereto shall be the same as are provided when a field is so enclosed by the consent of the proprietors; and the proprietors shall be entitled to the privileges and be subject to the duties before provided in this chapter relative to the proprietors of fields enclosed by consent.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 38 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 38 - Division of General Field; Petition; Committee to Make Division

Section 38. Three or more proprietors of lots in a general field lying within one general fence or enclosure may, by a written petition to the proprietors of such field at a meeting of said proprietors legally warned for the purpose, request to have their lots, either alone or jointly with any other lots in such field, divided from the remainder of the field in order to be enclosed by one common fence and occupied by them as an entire field separately from the other proprietors. If the majority of proprietors in interest present at such meeting withhold or refuse their assent to such division, the superior court may, upon like application, appoint five disinterested and suitable persons within the county where the general field is situated, to be a committee to make the division, if they deem it expedient, and to assign to each field its proportion of the partition fence which by reason of such division should be kept up and maintained by the proprietors of the said general fields respectively.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 39 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 39 - Division of General Field; Court Order

Section 39. The committee shall, as soon as may be after their appointment, make return of their doings under their hands to the court; and after its acceptance by the court, the fields so divided shall be deemed separate general fields and the proprietors of the field set off, and the remaining proprietors of the original field, respectively, shall be distinct and separate proprietary bodies, having like powers and privileges and subject to like duties and liabilities as the proprietors of the original general field before the division; but no order for such division shall be made, and no such committee appointed, until the other proprietors have had notice of the petition for such division. Such notice shall be given by serving upon the clerk of the proprietors a copy of the petition at least thirty days before such order or appointment is made.
MA Gen L ch 179 § 40 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 179 - Proprietors of Wharves, Real Estate Lying in Common, and General Fields|Section 40 - Discontinuance of a Common Field

Section 40. A majority in interest of the proprietors of a common field, whether established by consent or by order of court, may discontinue it at a legal meeting warned for the purpose; but the discontinuance shall not take effect until the expiration of six months after such vote.
MA Gen L ch 180 § 1 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 180 - Corporations for Charitable and Certain Other Purposes|Section 1 - Application of Chapter

Section 1. This chapter shall apply to all corporations whenever established, except so far as such application may be inconsistent with provisions still in force of any special acts of incorporation, enacted before March eleventh, eighteen hundred and thirty-one, and not subject to amendment, alteration or repeal by the general court, or with provisions of any special acts of incorporation enacted after October first, nineteen hundred and seventy-one.  All corporations existing on October first, nineteen hundred and seventy-one and their directors, officers, members and stockholders shall be entitled to all the rights, privileges and immunities and be subject to all the liabilities set forth in this chapter to the same extent as corporations formed under this chapter and their directors, officers and members; provided that this chapter shall not take away or impair any remedy which may exist by law against a corporation existing on said date, its directors, officers, members or stockholders, for a liability incurred prior thereto.  All corporations shall be subject to such laws as may be enacted after October first, nineteen hundred and seventy-one affecting or altering their corporate rights or duties or dissolving them.
MA Gen L ch 180 § 2 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 180 - Corporations for Charitable and Certain Other Purposes|Section 2 - Definitions

[ Section impacted by 2020, 53, Sec. 16, as amended by 2021, 20, Sec. 5 effective April 3, 2020 relating to board meetings in order to address disruptions caused by the outbreak of COVID-19.]  Section 2. In this chapter the following words shall, unless a contrary intention appears, have the following meanings:--  (a) "articles of organization'', the articles of organization of a corporation, including any special acts, as from time to time restated or amended, including articles of merger or consolidation;  (b) "by-laws'', the code or codes of rules adopted for the regulation or management of the affairs of the corporation irrespective of the name or names by which such rules are designated;  (c) "corporation'', a domestic corporation (i) heretofore established either by general or special law for any one or more of the purposes mentioned in section four or (ii) organized under this chapter on or after October first, nineteen hundred and seventy-one;  (d) "directors'' or "board of directors'', the directors of a corporation, including persons and officers having the powers of directors;  (e) "member'', one having membership rights, whether or not designated as a member, in a corporation in accordance with the provisions of its articles of organization or by-laws.  (f) "public charity'', a corporation holding funds subject to the provisions of section eight of chapter twelve.
MA Gen L ch 180 § 3 (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 180 - Corporations for Charitable and Certain Other Purposes|Section 3 - Incorporators; Manner of Incorporation; Classes of Members; Personal Liability of Officers and Directors to Corporation

Section 3. One or more persons, of the age of eighteen years or more in the case of natural persons, may act as incorporators to form a corporation for any of the purposes mentioned in section four. The corporation shall be formed in the manner prescribed in and subject to section thirty of chapter sixty-nine, section two B of chapter one hundred and fifty-five and sections eleven, twelve and thirteen of chapter one hundred and fifty-six B, except that the corporation shall have no capital stock, the articles of organization shall omit references to stock and stockholders, the articles of organization shall specify the purposes for which the corporation is formed and the corporation may not assume a name that is misleading as to its corporate purposes.  A corporation may have one or more classes of members. If the corporation has one or more classes of members, the designation of such class or classes, the manner of election or appointment, the duration of membership and the qualification and rights, including voting rights, of the members of each class shall be set forth in the articles of organization or the by-laws. If a corporation does not have members, any action or vote required or permitted by this chapter to be taken by members of the corporation shall be taken by action or vote of the same percentage of the directors of the corporation.  The articles of organization, in addition, may state a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of officers and directors to the corporation or its members for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as an officer or director notwithstanding any provision of law imposing such liability; provided, however, that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of an officer or director (i) for any breach of the officer's or director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its members, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, or (iii) for any transaction from which the officer or director derived an improper personal benefit. No provision adopted pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph shall eliminate or limit the liability of an officer or director for any act or omission occurring prior to the date upon which such provision becomes effective.
MA Gen L ch 180 § 3a (2021)
2021 Massachusetts General Laws|Part I - Administration of the Government|Title XXII - Corporations|Chapter 180 - Corporations for Charitable and Certain Other Purposes|Section 3a - Correction of Inaccurate Corporate Records; Filing

Section 3A. Whenever any document authorized or required to be filed with the state secretary under any provision of this chapter has been so filed and is an inaccurate record of the corporate action therein referred to, or was defectively or erroneously executed, such instrument may be corrected by filing with the state secretary a certificate of correction of such document which shall be executed and filed in accordance with this section. The certificate of correction shall specify the inaccuracy or defect to be corrected and shall set forth that portion of the document in corrected form. The corrected document shall be effective as of the date the original document was filed, except as to those persons who are substantially and adversely affected by the correction and as to those persons the corrected instrument shall be effective from the filing date.