reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 52-549y (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 922b - Fact-Finding and Arbitration|Section 52-549y - Failure to appear. Judgment. Motion to open or set aside judgment. Dismissal of action. Payment of arbitration fee.

 (a) Where a party fails to appear at the hearing, the arbitrator shall nonetheless proceed with the hearing and shall make a decision, as may be just and proper under the facts and circumstances of the action, which shall be entered as a judgment forthwith by the court. Such judgment may not be opened or set aside unless a motion to open or set aside is filed within four months succeeding the date on which it was rendered. If the court opens or sets aside the judgment, it may resubmit the actions to the arbitrator. Any order opening or setting aside the judgment may be upon condition that the moving party pay into the court an amount not greater than the total fees then payable to the arbitrator for services in the case.(b) If all parties fail to appear at the hearing, the arbitrator shall file a request with the court to dismiss the action. If the court does not dismiss the action, it may be heard by the arbitrator upon order of the court. Such order may provide for the payment by any party to the court of an amount not greater than one hundred dollars.(P.A. 82-441, S. 11, 23.)History: P.A. 82-441, S. 11 effective July 1, 1983.Cited. 13 CA 189.
CT Gen Stat § 52-551 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923 - Statute of Frauds|Section 52-551 - Sale of personal property.

 Section 52-551 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 8294; 1959, P.A. 133, S. 10-102.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-552 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552 - Fraudulent conveyances, judgments, contracts, when void.

 Section 52-552 is repealed.(1949 Rev., S. 8295; P.A. 91-297, S. 13.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-552a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552a - Short title: Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.

 Sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive, may be cited as the “Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act”.(P.A. 91-297, S. 1.)Cited. 32 CA 537; 36 CA 305.
CT Gen Stat § 52-552c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552c - Insolvency.

 (a) A debtor is insolvent if the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than all of the debtor's assets at a fair valuation.(b) A debtor who is generally not paying his debts as they become due is presumed to be insolvent.(c) A partnership is insolvent under subsection (a) of this section if the sum of the partnership's debts is greater than the aggregate, at a fair valuation, of all of the partnership's assets and the sum of the excess of the value of each general partner's nonpartnership assets over the partner's nonpartnership debts.(d) Assets under this section do not include property that has been transferred, concealed or removed with intent to hinder, delay or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive.(e) Debts under this section do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset.(P.A. 91-297, S. 3.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-552d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552d - Value.

 (a) Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or another person.(b) For the purposes of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 52-552e and section 52-552f, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust or security agreement.(c) A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.(P.A. 91-297, S. 4.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-552f (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552f - Transfers fraudulent as to present creditors.

 (a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation.(b) A transfer made by a debtor is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.(P.A. 91-297, S. 6.)Cited. 239 C. 109.Cited. 34 CA 216; 46 CA 199.
CT Gen Stat § 52-552g (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552g - When transfer is made or obligation is incurred.

 For the purposes of sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive:(1) A transfer is made: (A) With respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; and (B) with respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive, that is superior to the interest of the transferee;(2) If applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in subsection (1) of this section and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive, the transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action;(3) If applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in subsection (1) of this section, the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee;(4) A transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred;(5) An obligation is incurred: (A) If oral, when it becomes effective between the parties, or (B) if evidenced by a writing, when the writing executed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.(P.A. 91-297, S. 7.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-552h (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552h - Remedies of creditors.

 (a) In an action for relief against a transfer or obligation under sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive, a creditor, subject to the limitations in section 52-552i, may obtain: (1) Avoidance of the transfer or obligation to the extent necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim; (2) an attachment or other provisional remedy against the asset transferred or other property of the transferee in accordance with the procedure prescribed by chapter 903a; (3) subject to applicable principles of equity and in accordance with applicable rules of civil procedure (A) an injunction against further disposition by the debtor or a transferee, or both, of the asset transferred or of other property, (B) appointment of a receiver to take charge of the asset transferred or of other property of the transferee, or (C) any other relief the circumstances may require.(b) If a creditor has obtained a judgment on a claim against the debtor, the creditor, if the court so orders, may levy execution on the asset transferred or its proceeds.(P.A. 91-297, S. 8.)Plain language of section demonstrates that Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act was enacted specifically to expand range of a creditor's remedies beyond the common-law property and proceeds rule; section does not vest court with unfettered discretion to award damages to creditors who have failed to avail themselves of all the protections afforded under the act. 266 C. 1.Cited. 46 CA 199.
CT Gen Stat § 52-552j (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552j - Extinguishment of cause of action.

 A cause of action with respect to a fraudulent transfer or obligation under sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive, is extinguished unless action is brought: (1) Under subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 52-552e, within four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred or, if later, within one year after the transfer or obligation was or could reasonably have been discovered by the claimant; (2) under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 52-552e or subsection (a) of section 52-552f, within four years after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred; or (3) under subsection (b) of section 52-552f, within one year after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred.(P.A. 91-297, S. 10.)Cited. 46 CA 199.
CT Gen Stat § 52-552k (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552k - Supplementary provisions.

 Unless displaced by the provisions of sections 52-552a to 52-552l, inclusive, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relating to principal and agent, estoppel, laches, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, insolvency or other validating or invalidating cause, supplement the provisions of said sections.(P.A. 91-297, S. 11.)Applying the law of agency does not displace and is not inconsistent with the provisions or policies of Secs. 52-552a to 52-552l and not applying the laws of agency would undermine the purposes of said Secs. without providing any commensurate benefit; law of agency applies to defendant's transfers of debtor's assets pursuant to a power of attorney for purposes of plaintiff's fraudulent transfer claim. 332 C. 1.
CT Gen Stat § 52-552l (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 923a - Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act|Section 52-552l - Uniformity of application and construction.

 Sections 52-552a to 52-552k, inclusive, shall be applied and construed to effectuate their general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of said sections among states enacting them.(P.A. 91-297, S. 12.)
CT Gen Stat § 52-553 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 924 - Wagering Contracts|Section 52-553 - Wagers and wagering contract void.

 All wagers, and all contracts and securities of which the whole or any part of the consideration is money or other valuable thing won, laid or bet, at any game, horse race, sport or pastime, and all contracts to repay any money knowingly lent at the time and place of such game, race, sport or pastime, to any person so gaming, betting or wagering, or to repay any money lent to any person who, at such time and place, so pays, bets or wagers, shall be void, provided nothing in this section shall (1) affect the validity of any negotiable instrument held by any person who acquired the same for value and in good faith without notice of illegality in the consideration, (2) apply to the sale of a raffle ticket pursuant to section 7-172, or (3) apply to any wager or contract otherwise authorized by law.(1949 Rev., S. 6785; P.A. 03-60, S. 2; P.A. 10-36, S. 10.)History: P.A. 03-60 made technical changes, designated existing proviso as Subdiv. (1) and added Subdiv. (2) providing that nothing in section shall apply to the sale of a raffle ticket pursuant to Sec. 7-172; P.A. 10-36 added Subdiv. (3) providing that nothing in section shall apply to any wager or contract otherwise authorized by law, effective July 1, 2010.A wager is illegal at common law. 15 C. 30. All wagering contracts are void by statute and money deposited with stakeholder is recoverable. Id.; 40 C. 336; 49 C. 128; 70 C. 490. What constitutes gaming contract in margin transactions in stocks; distinguished from speculating contracts. 48 C. 127; 63 C. 198. Contract of insurance upon another's life may amount to mere wagering contract. 69 C. 511; 70 C. 647. Speculative stock transactions, where there is an option to demand delivery. 77 C. 508; Id., 518; 84 C. 694. Cited. 125 C. 120. Gambling on credit is the vice at which this statute and Sec. 52-554 are particularly directed. 189 C. 591. Parties' contract is not unenforceable under section because it would be contrary to the statutory scheme as a whole to conclude that agreement to share the spoils of legal wagering is illegal and unenforceable. 293 C. 17.Section is not applicable to written agreement where parties agreed to share equally in any winnings they received from various forms of legalized gambling. 105 CA 663; judgment affirmed on alternate grounds, see 293 C. 17.Where plaintiff sued to recover indebtedness from defendants, which claim arose from winnings from a bet made in violation of Sec. 53-298, held the court will not aid party to an illegal contract in enforcing his claim and, since all the parties were in pari delicto, judgment should be rendered for defendants. 26 CS 238. Cited. 33 CS 170; 35 CS 522.Cited. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 682.
CT Gen Stat § 52-554 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 924 - Wagering Contracts|Section 52-554 - Recovery of money lost in gaming.

 Any person who, by playing at any game, or betting on the sides or hands of such as play at any game, excluding any game permitted under chapter 226 or any activity not prohibited under the provisions of sections 53-278a to 53-278g, inclusive, loses the sum or value of one dollar in the whole and pays or delivers the same or any part thereof, may, within three months next following, recover from the winner the money or the value of the goods so lost and paid or delivered, with costs of suit in a civil action, without setting forth the special matter in his complaint. If the defendant refuses to testify, if called upon in such action, relative to the discovery of the property so won, he shall be defaulted; but no evidence so given by him shall be offered against him in any criminal prosecution.(1949 Rev., S. 6786; P.A. 81-16, S. 1, 2.)History: P.A. 81-16 specifically excluded games permitted under chapter 226 or any activity not prohibited under Secs. 53-278a to 53-278g, inclusive.Money wagered is recoverable from stakeholder. 15 C. 31; 40 C. 336. Under former statute, a negotiable check given by the stakeholder to the winner for the amount wagered was void even in the hands of a bona fide holder. 36 C. 463. Legislation re gaming reviewed. 70 C. 490. Statute embraces all events mentioned in Sec. 52-553; allows recovery of money lost and paid in bet on a horse race. 100 C. 545. Not necessary to state details of bets in complaint. 125 C. 116. No credit for bets won by defendant. Id., 121. Claim for share of fund increased by betting in Rhode Island, though valid there, contravenes our public policy and cannot be enforced in our courts. 134 C. 52. Gambling on credit is the vice at which this statute and Sec. 52-553 are particularly directed. 189 C. 591.Cited. 33 CS 170. Statute does not extend to legalized gambling authorized by Sec. 12-557 et seq. 37 CS 88.
CT Gen Stat § 52-555a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-555a - Actions for loss of consortium re death of spouse independent for determination of damages.

 Any claim or cause of action for loss of consortium by one spouse with respect to the death of the other spouse shall be separate from and independent of all claims or causes of action for the determination of damages with respect to such death.(P.A. 89-148, S. 1, 5.)History: P.A. 89-148 effective October 1, 1989, and applicable to all causes of action arising on or after that date.Cited. 226 C. 282.Cited. 44 CA 172.
CT Gen Stat § 52-555b (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-555b - Actions for loss of consortium re death of spouse to be joined with all actions re death of spouse.

 Any claim or cause of action for loss of consortium by one spouse with respect to the death of the other spouse, which claim or cause of action may include, without limitation, claims for damages with respect to loss of the society of, affection of, moral support provided by, services provided by, sexual relations with or companionship of the other spouse, suffered because of the death of the other spouse, shall be brought with or joined with the claims and causes of action with respect to the death of the other spouse.(P.A. 89-148, S. 2, 5.)History: P.A. 89-148 effective October 1, 1989, and applicable to all causes of action arising on or after that date.Cited. 44 CA 172.
CT Gen Stat § 52-555c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-555c - Statute of limitations. Actions for loss of consortium re death of spouse contingent upon proof of facts for wrongful death.

 (a) No action with respect to any claim or cause of action for loss of consortium shall be commenced except within the time within which an action may be commenced with respect to the death of the other spouse in relation to which the action for loss of consortium arises.(b) Any claim or cause of action for loss of consortium by one spouse arising out of the claim or cause of action for the wrongful death of the other spouse shall be contingent upon proof of facts sufficient to establish recovery for the claim or cause of action for wrongful death. Nothing in sections 52-555a to 52-555d, inclusive, shall limit the assertion of any defenses against the claim or cause of action for loss of consortium that would be available against the claim or cause of action for wrongful death.(P.A. 89-148, S. 3, 5.)History: P.A. 89-148 effective October 1, 1989, and applicable to all causes of action arising on or after that date.Cited. 44 CA 172.
CT Gen Stat § 52-555d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-555d - Eligibility for workers' compensation benefits bar to action for loss of consortium against employer.

 No action with respect to any claim or cause of action for loss of consortium shall be brought by one spouse against an employer of the other spouse if such other spouse is entitled to receive, is receiving or has received benefits pursuant to chapter 568.(P.A. 89-148, S. 4, 5.)History: P.A. 89-148 effective October 1, 1989, and applicable to all causes of action arising on or after that date.Cited. 226 C. 282.Cited. 44 CA 172.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557 (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557 - Injury to children being transported to school.

 In any action brought by any person for personal injuries received while being transported to or from school in a vehicle owned, leased or hired by, or operated under contract with, any town, school district or other municipality, it shall be no defense that such transportation is in the line of governmental duty or is mandated by the state. In any such action brought against any town, school district or other municipality, the defense of sovereign immunity shall not be available and it shall be no defense that the transportation was being provided by an independent contractor.(1949 Rev., S. 8298; P.A. 00-133.)History: P.A. 00-133 barred the defense that the transportation is mandated by the state and the defense of sovereign immunity.See Sec. 52-557c re standard of care applicable to school bus owners and operators.Cited. 203 C. 317.Cited. 42 CA 624.Cited. 41 CS 402; 44 CS 527. Section eliminates defense of governmental immunity for personal injuries student received due to harassment on school bus. 52 CS 42; judgment affirmed, see 129 CA 682.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557a (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557a - Standard of care owed social invitee.

 The standard of care owed to a social invitee shall be the same as the standard of care owed to a business invitee.(1963, P.A. 575.)Postman a licensee comparable to a social invitee. 154 C. 185. Standard of care owed to social invitee is same as standard of care as owed to business invitee. 160 C. 61. Cited. 194 C. 129. Does not abrogate common law regarding status of firefighters and police officers; status of such licensees is unaffected by manner in which they came upon the premises. 218 C. 610.Cited. 54 CA 335.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557c (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557c - Standard of care applicable to owners and operators of school buses.

 The standard of care applicable to the owners and operators of any school bus, as defined in section 14-275, or of any motor vehicle registered as a service bus transporting children to and from school or school activities, private or public camps or any other activities concerning the transportation of groups of children shall be the same as the standard of care applicable to common carriers of passengers for hire.(February, 1965, P.A. 303, S. 1.)Duty of carrier is to provide its passengers with a reasonably safe place to alight. 180 C. 302.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557d (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557d - Defense of charitable immunity abolished.

 The common law defense of charitable immunity is abolished and shall not constitute a valid defense to any cause of action.(1967, P.A. 52; P.A. 82-160, S. 225.)History: P.A. 82-160 deleted “arising subsequent to October 1, 1967” after “cause of action”.
CT Gen Stat § 52-557e (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 52 - Civil Actions|Chapter 925 - Statutory Rights of Action and Defenses|Section 52-557e - Immunity of physicians from liability for uncompensated service on hospital utilization review committee.

 No action may be brought to recover damages against any licensed physician for any decision or action taken by him as a member of a hospital utilization review committee on which he serves without compensation and to which he shall have been appointed by the staff of the hospital, the function of which committee, as directed by the federal Medicare Act, as amended, shall have been to review the utilization of the facilities of the hospital in the interests of efficiency and the quality of service to the public.(1971, P.A. 157; P.A. 82-160, S. 226.)History: P.A. 82-160 made minor changes in wording.