reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 16.1-108 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-108. Deposit of money in lieu of bond

In lieu of giving bond with surety as provided in this article, any party appealing from the judgment or order of the court may deposit with the judge or clerk thereof, who shall issue his official receipt therefor, such sum of money as the judge or clerk may estimate to be sufficient to discharge any judgment or order which may be entered by the court of record on the trial of the appeal to secure the appeal bond. The money so deposited shall be transmitted in cash, by check of the court, surety bond, or bank check, or by draft from the escrow account of the appealing party's attorney to the clerk of the court to which the appeal is taken, who shall likewise issue his official receipt therefor.1956, c. 555; 1975, c. 227; 1988, c. 698; 2007, c. 131.
VA Code § 16.1-109 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-109. Appellate court may require new or additional security

A. The court to which the appeal is taken may on motion for good cause shown, after reasonable notice to the appellant, require the appellant to give new or additional security, and if such security be not given within the time prescribed by the appellate court the appeal shall be dismissed with costs, and the judgment or order of the court from which the appeal was taken shall remain in effect and the appellate court shall award execution thereon, with costs, against the appellant and his surety.B. When a bond or other security is required by law to be posted or given in connection with an appeal or removal from a district court, and there is either (i) a defect in such bond or other security as a result of an error of the district court, or (ii) the district court erroneously failed to require the bond or other security, and the defect or failure is discovered prior to sending the case to the circuit court, the district court shall order that the appellant or applicant for removal cure such defect or failure within a period not longer than the initial period of time for posting the bond or giving the security. If the error or failure is discovered after the case has been sent to the circuit court, the circuit court shall return the case to the district court for the district court to order the appellant or applicant for removal to cure the defect or post the required bond or give the required security within a period of time not longer than the initial period of time for posting the bond or giving the security for removal. Failure to comply with such order shall result in the disallowance of the appeal or denial of the application for removal.1956, c. 555; 2007, c. 464.
VA Code § 16.1-110 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-110. Bankruptcy of appellant does not release surety

No surety in any appeal bond given by the appellant shall be released by the appellant's being adjudicated a bankrupt at any time subsequent to the judgment rendered in the court not of record, but such surety shall be entitled to make any defense on the trial of the appeal that the appellant could have made, except the defense of bankruptcy.1956, c. 555.
VA Code § 16.1-111 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-111. Court to which appeal sent

The party taking an appeal may, when there is more than one court having jurisdiction, direct to which of such courts the appeal shall be sent for trial, but in the absence of such directions the judge or clerk shall send the same to any court having jurisdiction.1956, c. 555.
VA Code § 16.1-112 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-112. All papers transmitted to appellate court; further proceedings

The judge or clerk of any court from which an appeal is taken under this article shall promptly transmit to the clerk of the appellate court the case papers, which shall include the original warrant or warrants or other notices or pleadings with the judgment endorsed thereon, together with all pleadings, exhibits, and other papers filed in the trial of the case. The required bond, and, if applicable, the money deposited to secure such bond and the writ tax and costs paid pursuant to § 16.1-107 shall also be submitted, along with the fees for service of process of the notice of appeal in the circuit court. Upon receipt of the foregoing by the clerk of the appellate court, the case shall then be docketed, except that an appeal from an order of protection issued pursuant to § 19.2-152.10 shall be assigned a case number within two business days upon receipt of such appeal.When such case has been docketed, the clerk of such appellate court shall by writing to be served, as provided in §§ 8.01-288, 8.01-293, 8.01-296, and 8.01-325, or by certified mail, with certified delivery receipt requested, notify the appellee, or by regular mail to his attorney, that such an appeal has been docketed in his office, provided that upon affidavit by the appellant or his agent in conformity with § 8.01-316 being filed with the clerk, the clerk shall post such notice at the front door of his courtroom and shall mail a copy thereof to the appellee at his last known address or place of abode or to his attorney, and he shall file a certificate of such posting and mailing with the papers in the case. No such appeal shall be heard unless it appears that the appellee or his attorney has had such notice, or that such certificate has been filed, 10 days before the date fixed for trial, or has in person or by attorney waived such notice.If a party files an appeal of a district court order of protection entered pursuant to § 19.2-152.10, such notice of appeal shall be on a form prescribed by the Office of the Executive Secretary. The district court clerk shall contact the appellate court to determine whether the hearing on the appeal shall be set by the appellate court on (i) a date scheduled by the district court clerk with the court, (ii) on the next docket call date, or (iii) a date set for district court appeals. Once the hearing date is set and the appeal documents have been transmitted, the appellate court shall have the parties served with notice of the appeal stating the date and time of the hearing in accordance with subdivision 1 of § 8.01-296. No such hearing on the appeal shall be heard in the appellate court unless the appellee has been so served with such notice or notice has been waived by the non-moving party.1956, c. 555; 1958, c. 211; 1972, c. 585; 1984, c. 108; 1988, c. 698; 2004, c. 366; 2016, c. 612; 2018, cc. 32, 134; 2019, c. 718; 2020, c. 905.
VA Code § 16.1-113 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-113. How appeals tried

Every such appeal shall be tried by the court in a summary way, or, if the amount in controversy exceeds fifty dollars, by a jury if either party requires it. All legal evidence produced by either party shall be heard, whether or not it was produced before the court from which the appeal is taken. If judgment is recovered by the appellee, execution shall issue against the principal and his surety, jointly or separately, for the amount of the judgment, including interests and costs, with damages on the aggregate at the rate of ten percent annually, from the date of that judgment until payment, and for the costs of the appeal; and the execution shall be endorsed "No security is to be taken." If the decision is reversed, the party substantially prevailing shall recover his costs and the order or judgment shall be made or given as ought to have been made or given by the judge of the court from which the appeal was taken. When the appeal is from an order or judgment under §§ 16.1-119 through 16.1-121, the court shall enter such judgment respecting the property, the expense of keeping it, and any injury done to it, as may be equitable among the parties.1956, c. 555; 1980, c. 129; 1984, c. 38; 1988, c. 337.
VA Code § 16.1-114.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-114.1. Principles applicable in trial of appeals; defective or irregular warrants or motions

Actions or proceedings appealed from district courts shall be tried according to the principles of law and equity, and when the same conflict the principles of equity shall prevail. No warrant, motion or other pleading shall be dismissed by reason of a mere defect, irregularity or omission in the proceedings in the district court, or in the form of any such pleading, when the same may be corrected by a proper order of the court of record. In any such case the court of record shall retain the same, with full power to direct all necessary amendments, to enter orders and direct proceedings to correct such defects, irregularities and omissions, to promote substantial justice to all parties, and to bring about a trial of the merits of the controversy. In any case where an appeal is taken by a defendant the circuit court may direct amendments to increase the amount of the claim above the jurisdictional amount set forth in § 16.1-77. This section shall be liberally construed, to the end that justice is not delayed or denied by reason of errors in the pleadings or in the form of the proceedings.1986, c. 45; 1997, c. 753; 2007, c. 869.
VA Code § 16.1-116 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-116. Issuance of executions and abstracts and proceedings by interrogatories after papers returned to circuit court

When a judgment has been rendered in a civil action in a general district court and the papers in the action have been returned to the clerk of the circuit court for filing and preserving, executions upon and abstracts of the judgment may be issued by the clerk of such circuit court within the periods permitted under § 8.01-251, provided that such judgment has been duly entered in the judgment lien docket book of such court. However, for a period of two years from the date of any such judgment, the judge or clerk of the general district court may also issue executions upon and abstracts of the judgment. In addition, proceedings by interrogatories may be had in the circuit court as if the judgment had been rendered by that court.1956, c. 555; 1962, c. 444; 1983, c. 499.
VA Code § 16.1-117 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-117. When papers in civil cases in certain municipal courts may be destroyed

The clerk of any municipal court in which papers are filed and preserved under § 16.1-69.55 may destroy the files, papers and records connected with any civil case in such court, if:(1) Such case was dismissed without any adjudication of the merits of the controversy, and the final order entered was one of dismissal and six months have elapsed from the date of such dismissal; or(2) Judgment was entered in such case but the right to issue an execution or bring a scire facias or an action on such judgment is barred by § 8.01-251; and(3) The destruction of such papers is authorized and directed by an order of the judge of the court in which they are filed and preserved, which order may refer to such papers by any one or more of the above classifications, or to any group or kind of cases embraced therein, without express reference to any particular case.1956, c. 555.
VA Code § 16.1-118 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-118. When papers in civil cases returned to courts of record may be destroyed

The clerk of any court of record to whose office papers in civil cases in the district court have been returned for indexing and preserving under § 16.1-69.55 may destroy the files, papers and records connected with any such civil case, if:(1) Such case was dismissed without any adjudication of the merits of the controversy, and the final order entered was one of dismissal and one year has elapsed from the date of such dismissal; or(2) Judgment was entered in such case but twenty years have elapsed since entry of such judgment and a motion to extend the period for enforcement of judgment has not been brought prior to the expiration of twenty years from the date such judgment was entered; or(3) No service of the warrant or motion or other process or summons was had on any defendant and one year has elapsed from the date of such process or summons; and(4) The destruction of such papers is authorized and directed by an order of the judge of the court in which they are preserved, which order may refer to such papers by any one or more of the above classifications, or to any group or kind of cases embraced therein, without express reference to any particular case.1956, c. 555; 1962, c. 444; 1972, c. 491; 1977, c. 169; 1982, c. 153.
VA Code § 16.1-118.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-118.1. Destruction of papers in civil cases in certain district courts

In Henrico County or Montgomery County, the clerk of any district court in which papers are filed and preserved under § 16.1-69.55 may destroy the files, papers and records connected with any civil case in such court, if:(1) Such case was dismissed without any adjudication of the merits of the controversy, and the final order entered was one of dismissal and one year has elapsed from the date of such dismissal; or(2) Judgment was entered in such case but the right to issue an execution or bring a motion to extend the period for enforcing a judgment or an action on such judgment is barred by § 8.01-251; or(3) No service of the warrant or motion or other process or summons was had on any defendant and one year has elapsed from the date of such process or summons; and(4) The destruction of such papers is authorized and directed by an order of the judge of the court in which they are preserved, which order may refer to such papers by any one or more of the above classifications, or to any group or kind of cases embraced therein, without express reference to any particular case; and(5) The audit has been made for the period to which the files, papers and records are applicable.1966, c. 404; 1973, c. 143; 1977, c. 169; 1982, c. 153; 2007, c. 813.
VA Code § 16.1-119 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-119. Proceedings to try title to property levied on under distress or execution

When an execution on a judgment of a general district court, or a warrant of distress, is levied on property, or when a lien is acquired on money or other personal estate by virtue of § 8.01-501 and some person other than the party against whom the process issued claims such property, money or other personal estate, or some part thereof, either the claimant, the officer having such process, or the party who had the same issued may apply to the general district court of the county or city wherein the property, money or other personal estate may be to try the claim of the party so claiming the same or some part thereof, provided that the property, money or other personal estate does not exceed the maximum jurisdictional limit of the court as provided in § 16.1-77 (1).1956, c. 555; 1978, c. 42; 1986, c. 27.
VA Code § 16.1-120 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-120. Summons in such case

If the party making such application shall make and file an affidavit that to the best of his belief such property, money or other personal estate so claimed by such third party is not of greater value than the maximum jurisdictional limits of the court as provided by § 16.1-77 (1), the judge or clerk of the court shall issue a summons directed to the sheriff of his county or city, as the case may be, requiring him to summon both the creditor and the debtor to appear and show cause why such property, money or other personal estate, or any part thereof, should not be discharged from levy or lien of such execution or distress warrant. A copy of such summons shall be served upon the claimant of the property, money or other personal estate, unless the summons is sued out at his instance. The summons shall be made returnable not less than five days after date of its issuance, and if an earlier day shall have been fixed for the sale of the property, or for the return of any process subjecting such money or other personal estate to a final disposition, the judge shall make and endorse on the summons an order requiring the postponement of the sale, or the hearing to be had on such process, until after the return day of the summons.1956, c. 555; 1978, c. 42; 1983, c. 616.
VA Code § 16.1-121 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-121. Order after hearing

After hearing the parties or such of them as may attend after being summoned, and such witnesses as may be introduced by either party, the judge shall order the officer, or the possessor of any money or other personal estate, to deliver the same to the claimant, if he be of opinion that the same belongs to the claimant; but if he be of opinion that the property, money or other personal estate, or any part thereof, belongs to the person against whom the execution or warrant of distress issued, he shall order the officer who levied on the same to sell the property so liable, to satisfy the execution or warrant of distress; or when there is money or other personal estate in the possession of a bailee or garnishee, he shall order the bailee or garnishee, as the case may be, to make delivery to the execution creditor of all such money or other personal estate so found to belong to the execution debtor, or so much thereof as may be necessary to satisfy the execution; and he may give such judgment respecting the property, the expense of keeping it, any injury done by it, and for the costs, as may be just and equitable among the parties.1956, c. 555.
VA Code § 16.1-122 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-122. Appeal

If the property or money claimed in any such proceeding is more than $50 in value, an appeal of right may be had to the judgment or order of the court as provided in § 16.1-106.1956, c. 555; 1978, c. 42; 1986, c. 25; 1998, cc. 482, 495; 2002, c. 645; 2007, c. 869.
VA Code § 16.1-122.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-122.1. Small claims court; designated

On or before July 1, 1999, each general district court shall establish, using existing facilities, a small claims division to be designated a small claims court.Such courts shall not have jurisdiction over suits against the Commonwealth under the Virginia Tort Claims Act (§ 8.01-195.1 et seq.) or suits against any officer or employee of the Commonwealth for claims arising out of the performance of their official duties or responsibilities.1988, c. 799; 1989, c. 451; 1990, c. 564; 1994, c. 576; 1995, c. 589; 1998, cc. 656, 779.
VA Code § 16.1-122.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-122.2. Jurisdiction

Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, the small claims court shall have jurisdiction, concurrent with that of the general district court, over the civil action specified in § 16.1-77 (1) when the amount claimed does not exceed $5,000, exclusive of interest.1988, c. 799; 2002, c. 704; 2006, c. 141.
VA Code § 16.1-122.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-122.3. Actions; how commenced; notice; continuances; pleadings

A. Actions in the small claims court shall be commenced by the filing of a small claims civil warrant by a plaintiff.B. At the time of filing a small claims civil warrant, the plaintiff shall pay to the clerk a required fee, which will be taxed as costs in the case. The plaintiff may be afforded the opportunity to receive preprinted information promulgated by the Committee on District Courts explaining the small claims court, including but not limited to information on case preparation, courtroom procedures, methods of collection, removal rights and appeals. The plaintiff shall select a time for the hearing which shall be held at least five days after service of the warrant. Such time shall be subject to concurrence by the clerk's office. The chief judge may limit the number of cases any one person may set for trial on any one date.C. Upon the filing of the small claims civil warrant in small claims court, the court shall cause notice of process to be served upon the defendant. Notice of process shall consist of a copy of the warrant and shall be served by the method used in general district court. If applicable, the defendant shall be served with a copy of the preprinted information identified in subsection B of this section attached to the copy of the civil warrant.D. All forms required by this article shall be prescribed by the Supreme Court of Virginia.E. The trial shall be conducted on the first return date. However, by consent of all parties or upon order of the court, the time for trial may be changed from the time set for the first return. A continuance shall be granted to either the plaintiff or defendant only upon good cause shown.F. There shall be no pleadings in small claims court actions other than the warrant and answer, grounds of defense and counterclaims not to exceed $5,000.1988, c. 799; 1990, c. 564; 2002, c. 704; 2006, c. 141.
VA Code § 16.1-122.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 16.1 - Courts Not of Record|Chapter 6 - Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters|§ 16.1-122.4. Representation and removal; rights of parties

A. All parties shall be represented by themselves in actions before the small claims court except as follows:1. A corporate or partnership plaintiff or defendant may be represented by an owner, a general partner, an officer or an employee of that corporation or partnership who shall have all the rights and privileges given an individual to represent, plead and try a case without an attorney. An attorney may serve in this capacity if he is appearing pro se, but he may not serve in a representative capacity.2. A plaintiff or defendant who, in the judge's opinion, is unable to understand or participate on his own behalf in the hearing may be represented by a friend or relative if the representative is familiar with the facts of the case and is not an attorney.B. A defendant shall have the right to remove the case to the general district court at any point preceding the handing down of the decision by the judge and may be represented by an attorney for that purpose.1988, c. 799; 1997, c. 243; 2001, c. 74.