reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-501 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-501 - Form of Negotiation and Requirements of "Due Negotiation"

    (a)    The following rules apply to a negotiable tangible document of title:        (1)    If the document’s original terms run to the order of a named person, the document is negotiated by the named person’s indorsement and delivery. After the named person’s indorsement in blank or to bearer, any person may negotiate the document by delivery alone.        (2)    If the document’s original terms run to bearer, it is negotiated by delivery alone.        (3)    If the document’s original terms run to the order of a named person and it is delivered to the named person, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated.        (4)    Negotiation of the document after it has been indorsed to a named person requires indorsement by the named person and delivery.        (5)    A document is duly negotiated if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this subsection to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves receiving the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation.    (b)    The following rules apply to a negotiable electronic document of title:        (1)    If the document’s original terms run to the order of a named person or to bearer, the document is negotiated by delivery of the document to another person. Indorsement by the named person is not required to negotiate the document.        (2)    If the document’s original terms run to the order of a named person and the named person has control of the document, the effect is the same as if the document had been negotiated.        (3)    A document is duly negotiated if it is negotiated in the manner stated in this subsection to a holder that purchases it in good faith, without notice of any defense against or claim to it on the part of any person, and for value, unless it is established that the negotiation is not in the regular course of business or financing or involves taking delivery of the document in settlement or payment of a monetary obligation.    (c)    Indorsement of a nonnegotiable document of title neither makes it negotiable nor adds to the transferee’s rights.    (d)    The naming in a negotiable bill of lading of a person to be notified of the arrival of the goods does not limit the negotiability of the bill or constitute notice to a purchaser of the bill of any interest of that person in the goods.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-502 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-502 - Rights Acquired by Due Negotiation

    (a)    Subject to §§ 7-205 and 7-503, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated acquires thereby:        (1)    Title to the document;        (2)    Title to the goods;        (3)    All rights accruing under the law of agency or estoppel, including rights to goods delivered to the bailee after the document was issued; and        (4)    The direct obligation of the issuer to hold or deliver the goods according to the terms of the document free of any defense or claim by the issuer except those arising under the terms of the document or under this title, but in the case of a delivery order, the bailee’s obligation accrues only upon the bailee’s acceptance of the delivery order and the obligation acquired by the holder is that the issuer and any indorser will procure the acceptance of the bailee.    (b)    Subject to § 7-503, title and rights acquired by due negotiation are not defeated by any stoppage of the goods represented by the document of title or by surrender of the goods by the bailee and are not impaired even if:        (1)    The due negotiation or any prior due negotiation constituted a breach of duty;        (2)    Any person has been deprived of possession of a negotiable tangible document or control of a negotiable electronic document by misrepresentation, fraud, accident, mistake, duress, loss, theft, or conversion; or        (3)    A previous sale or other transfer of the goods or document has been made to a third person.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-503 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-503 - Document of Title to Goods Defeated in Certain Cases

    (a)    A document of title confers no right in goods against a person that before issuance of the document had a legal interest or a perfected security interest in the goods and did not:        (1)    Deliver or entrust the goods or any document of title covering the goods to the bailor or the bailor’s nominee with:            (A)    Actual or apparent authority to ship, store, or sell;            (B)    Power to obtain delivery under § 7-403; or            (C)    Power of disposition under § 2-403, § 2A-304(2), § 2A-305(2), § 9-320, or § 9-321(c) or other statute or rule of law; or        (2)    Acquiesce in the procurement by the bailor or its nominee of any document.    (b)    Title to goods based upon an unaccepted delivery order is subject to the rights of any person to which a negotiable warehouse receipt or bill of lading covering the goods has been duly negotiated. That title may be defeated under § 7-504 to the same extent as the rights of the issuer or a transferee from the issuer.    (c)    Title to goods based upon a bill of lading issued to a freight forwarder is subject to the rights of any person to which a bill issued by the freight forwarder is duly negotiated. However, delivery by the carrier in accordance with Subtitle 4 pursuant to its own bill of lading discharges the carrier’s obligation to deliver.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-504 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-504 - Rights Acquired in the Absence of Due Negotiation; Effect of Diversion; Seller's Stoppage of Delivery

    (a)    A transferee of a document of title, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, to which the document has been delivered but not duly negotiated, acquires the title and rights that its transferor had or had actual authority to convey.    (b)    In the case of a transfer of a nonnegotiable document of title, until but not after the bailee receives notice of the transfer, the rights of the transferee may be defeated:        (1)    By those creditors of the transferor which could treat the transfer as void under § 2-402 or § 2A-308;        (2)    By a buyer from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the buyer or received notification of the buyer’s rights;        (3)    By a lessee from the transferor in ordinary course of business if the bailee has delivered the goods to the lessee or received notification of the lessee’s rights; or        (4)    As against the bailee, by good-faith dealings of the bailee with the transferor.    (c)    A diversion or other change of shipping instructions by the consignor in a nonnegotiable bill of lading which causes the bailee not to deliver the goods to the consignee defeats the consignee’s title to the goods if the goods have been delivered to a buyer in ordinary course of business or a lessee in ordinary course of business and, in any event, defeats the consignee’s rights against the bailee.    (d)    Delivery of the goods pursuant to a nonnegotiable document of title may be stopped by a seller under § 2-705 or a lessor under § 2A-526, subject to the requirements of due notification in those sections. A bailee that honors the seller’s or lessor’s instructions is entitled to be indemnified by the seller or lessor against any resulting loss or expense.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-505 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-505 - Indorser Not a Guarantor for Other Parties

    The indorsement of a tangible document of title issued by a bailee does not make the indorser liable for any default by the bailee or previous indorsers.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-506 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-506 - Delivery Without Indorsement; Right to Compel Indorsement

    The transferee of a negotiable tangible document of title has a specifically enforceable right to have its transferor supply any necessary indorsement, but the transfer becomes a negotiation only as of the time the indorsement is supplied.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-507 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-507 - Warranties on Negotiation or Transfer of Receipt or Bill

    If a person negotiates or delivers a document of title for value, otherwise than as a mere intermediary under § 7-508, unless otherwise agreed, the transferor, in addition to any warranty made in selling or leasing the goods, warrants to its immediate purchaser only that:         (1)    The document is genuine;        (2)    The transferor does not have knowledge of any fact that would impair the document’s validity or worth; and        (3)    The negotiation or delivery is rightful and fully effective with respect to the title to the document and the goods it represents.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-508 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-508 - Warranties of Collecting Bank as to Documents

    A collecting bank or other intermediary known to be entrusted with documents of title on behalf of another or with collection of a draft or other claim against delivery of documents warrants by the delivery of the documents only its own good faith and authority even if the collecting bank or other intermediary has purchased or made advances against the claim or draft to be collected.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-509 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer|Section 7-509 - Receipt or Bill; When Adequate Compliance With Commercial Contract

    Whether a document of title is adequate to fulfill the obligations of a contract for sale, a contract for lease, or the conditions of a letter of credit is determined by Title 2, Title 2A, or Title 5.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-601 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 6 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 7-601 - Lost and Missing Documents

    (a)    If a document of title is lost, stolen, or destroyed, a court may order delivery of the goods or issuance of a substitute document and the bailee may without liability to any person comply with the order. If the document was negotiable, a court may not order delivery of the goods or issuance of a substitute document without the claimant’s posting security unless it finds that any person that may suffer loss as a result of nonsurrender of possession or control of the document is adequately protected against the loss. If the document was nonnegotiable, the court may require security. The court may also order payment of the bailee’s reasonable costs and attorney’s fees in any action under this subsection.    (b)    A bailee that, without a court order, delivers goods to a person claiming under a missing negotiable document of title is liable to any person injured thereby. If the delivery is not in good faith, the bailee is liable for conversion. Delivery in good faith is not conversion if the claimant posts security with the bailee in an amount at least double the value of the goods at the time of posting to indemnify any person injured by the delivery which files a notice of claim within 1 year after the delivery.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-602 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 6 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 7-602 - Attachment of Goods Covered by a Negotiable Document

    Unless a document of title was originally issued upon delivery of the goods by a person that did not have power to dispose of them, a lien does not attach by virtue of any judicial process to goods in the possession of a bailee for which a negotiable document of title is outstanding unless possession or control of the document is first surrendered to the bailee or the document’s negotiation is enjoined. The bailee may not be compelled to deliver the goods pursuant to process until possession or control of the document is surrendered to the bailee or to the court. A purchaser of the document for value without notice of the process or injunction takes free of the lien imposed by judicial process.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  7-603 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 7 - Documents of Title|Subtitle 6 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Miscellaneous Provisions|Section 7-603 - Conflicting Claims; Interpleader

    If more than one person claims title to or possession of the goods, the bailee is excused from delivery until the bailee has a reasonable time to ascertain the validity of the adverse claims or to commence an action for interpleader. The bailee may assert an interpleader either in defending an action for nondelivery of the goods or by original action.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 1 - Short Title and General Matters|Section 8-101 - Short Title

    This title shall be known and may be cited as Maryland Uniform Commercial Code - Investment Securities.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 1 - Short Title and General Matters|Section 8-103 - Rules for Determining Whether Certain Obligations and Interests Are Securities or Financial Assets

    (a)    A share or similar equity interest issued by a corporation, business trust, statutory trust, joint stock company, or similar entity is a security.    (b)    An “investment company security” is a security. “Investment company security” means a share or similar equity interest issued by an entity that is registered as an investment company under the federal investment company laws, an interest in a unit investment trust that is so registered, or a face-amount certificate issued by a face-amount certificate company that is so registered. Investment company security does not include an insurance policy or endowment policy or annuity contract issued by an insurance company.    (c)    An interest in a partnership or limited liability company is not a security unless it is dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or in securities markets, its terms expressly provide that it is a security governed by this title, or it is an investment company security. However, an interest in a partnership or limited liability company is a financial asset if it is held in a securities account.    (d)    A writing that is a security certificate is governed by this title and not by Title 3 of this article, even though it also meets the requirements of that title. However, a negotiable instrument governed by Title 3 of this article is a financial asset if it is held in a securities account.    (e)    An option or similar obligation issued by a clearing corporation to its participants is not a security, but is a financial asset.    (f)    A commodity contract, as defined in § 9-102(a)(15) of this article, is not a security or a financial asset.    (g)    A document of title is not a financial asset unless § 8-102(a)(9)(iii) applies.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 1 - Short Title and General Matters|Section 8-104 - Acquisition of Security or Financial Asset or Interest Therein

    (a)    A person acquires a security or an interest in a security, under this title, if:        (1)    The person is a purchaser to whom a security is delivered in accordance with § 8-301 of this title; or        (2)    The person acquires a security entitlement to the security in accordance with § 8-501 of this title.    (b)    A person acquires a financial asset, other than a security, or an interest in a financial asset, under this title, if the person acquires a security entitlement to the financial asset.    (c)    A person who acquires a security entitlement to a security or other financial asset has the rights specified in Subtitle 5 of this title, but is a purchaser of any security, security entitlement, or other financial asset held by the securities intermediary only to the extent provided in § 8-503 of this title.    (d)    Unless the context shows that a different meaning is intended, a person who is required by other law, regulation, rule, or agreement to transfer, deliver, present, surrender, exchange, or otherwise put in the possession of another person a security or financial asset satisfies that requirement by causing the other person to acquire an interest in the security or financial asset in accordance with subsection (a) or (b) of this section.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 1 - Short Title and General Matters|Section 8-105 - Notice of Adverse Claim

    (a)    A person has notice of an adverse claim if:        (1)    The person knows of the adverse claim;        (2)    The person is aware of facts sufficient to indicate that there is a significant probability that the adverse claim exists and deliberately avoids information that would establish the existence of the adverse claim; or        (3)    The person has a duty, imposed by statute or regulation, to investigate whether an adverse claim exists, and the investigation so required would establish the existence of the adverse claim.    (b)    Having knowledge that a financial asset or interest in a financial asset is or has been transferred by a representative imposes no duty of inquiry into the rightfulness of a transaction and is not notice of an adverse claim. However, a person who knows that a representative has transferred a financial asset or interest in a financial asset in a transaction that is, or whose proceeds are being used, for the individual benefit of the representative or otherwise in breach of duty has notice of an adverse claim.    (c)    An act or event that creates a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a security certificate or sets a date on or after which the certificate is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchange does not itself constitute notice of an adverse claim except in the case of a transfer more than:        (1)    1 year after a date set for presentment or surrender for redemption or exchange; or        (2)    6 months after a date set for payment of money against presentation or surrender of the certificate, if money was available for payment on that date.    (d)    A purchaser of a certificated security has notice of an adverse claim if the security certificate:        (1)    Whether in bearer or registered form, has been indorsed “for collection” or “for surrender” or for some other purpose not involving transfer; or        (2)    Is in bearer form and has on it an unambiguous statement that it is the property of a person other than the transferor, but the mere writing of a name on the certificate is not such a statement.    (e)    Filing of a financing statement under Title 9 of this article is not notice of an adverse claim to a financial asset.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  8-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 8 - Investment Securities|Subtitle 1 - Short Title and General Matters|Section 8-106 - Control

    (a)    A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security in bearer form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser.    (b)    A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security in registered form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser, and:        (1)    The certificate is indorsed to the purchaser or in blank by an effective indorsement; or        (2)    The certificate is registered in the name of the purchaser, upon original issue or registration of transfer by the issuer.    (c)    A purchaser has “control” of an uncertificated security if:        (1)    The uncertificated security is delivered to the purchaser; or        (2)    The issuer has agreed that it will comply with instructions originated by the purchaser without further consent by the registered owner.    (d)    A purchaser has “control” of a security entitlement if:        (1)    The purchaser becomes the entitlement holder;        (2)    The securities intermediary has agreed that it will comply with entitlement orders originated by the purchaser without further consent by the entitlement holder; or        (3)    Another person has control of the security entitlement on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired control of the security entitlement, acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the purchaser.    (e)    If an interest in a security entitlement is granted by the entitlement holder to the entitlement holder’s own securities intermediary, the securities intermediary has control.    (f)    A purchaser who has satisfied the requirements of subsection (c) or (d) of this section has control even if the registered owner in the case of subsection (c) of this section or the entitlement holder in the case of subsection (d) of this section retains the right to make substitutions for the uncertificated security or security entitlement, to originate instructions or entitlement orders to the issuer or securities intermediary, or otherwise to deal with the uncertificated security or security entitlement.    (g)    (1)    An issuer or a securities intermediary may not enter into an agreement of the kind described in subsection (c)(2) or (d)(2) of this section without the consent of the registered owner or entitlement holder, but an issuer or a securities intermediary is not required to enter into such an agreement even though the registered owner or entitlement holder so directs.        (2)    An issuer or securities intermediary that has entered into such an agreement is not required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another party unless requested to do so by the registered owner or entitlement holder.