reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 12-21-95 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-95 - Municipal Ordinances, Bylaws, and Resolutions.

Section 12-21-95Municipal ordinances, bylaws, and resolutions. Ordinances, bylaws and resolutions purporting to be published by authority of the council or other governing body in book or pamphlet form and any written or printed book, code or revision of the bylaws, resolutions or ordinances of any municipal corporation of this state purporting, on the face of the book or pamphlet, to be written or printed by authority or to be a code of ordinances, resolutions or bylaws of such municipal corporation or certified on such book or pamphlet under the hand of the clerk or recording officer of such corporation as being an official publication of ordinances, resolutions or bylaws of such municipal corporation and any such book or pamphlet certified by such official as correct shall be prima facie evidence of the due adoption, publication and continued existence of the bylaws, resolutions or ordinances therein written or printed or certified as correct, as of the dates mentioned or provided for therein, in any of the courts or in any legal proceedings in this state without further proof. (Code 1896, §1822; Code 1907, §§1220, 1259, 3983; Code 1923, §§1944, 2000, 7687; Code 1940, T. 7, §369.)
AL Code § 12-21-96 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-96 - Land Patents.

Section 12-21-96Land patents. Land patents issued by the United States, or any state of the United States, and tract books kept in the probate offices of the counties as required by law, or certified copies of entries taken therefrom, must be received in evidence without further proof. (Code 1852, §2297; Code 1867, §2699; Code 1876, §3052; Code 1886, §2781; Code 1896, §1812; Code 1907, §3979; Code 1923, §7675; Code 1940, T. 7, §387.)
AL Code § 12-21-97 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-97 - Pre-1879 Documents or Certified Copies Executed by Governor as Evidence of Sale or Transfer of State Lands.

Section 12-21-97Pre-1879 documents or certified copies executed by Governor as evidence of sale or transfer of state lands. (a) All documents executed prior to February 12, 1879, by the Governor, in person or in his name by his secretary, purporting to convey any of the state's lands which are ineffective as patents or conveyances because of not being executed as provided by law or for any other reason and which recite either the payment of the purchase money for the lands attempted to be conveyed thereby or the deposit of a receipt or certificate of the officer authorized to receive the money acknowledging that such payment has been made shall be admissible in evidence in any case affecting the title to such lands and shall be prima facie evidence of any sale or transfer of said lands there recited and of the payment of the purchase money thereof. (b) A duly certified copy of the record of any such document which has been recorded for as much as 10 years in the office of the probate judge of the county in which is situated the land attempted to be conveyed thereby likewise shall be admissible in evidence and shall have the same probative effect as the original document. (Acts 1911, No. 191, p. 192; Code 1923, §§7676, 7677; Code 1940, T. 7, §§388, 389.)
AL Code § 12-21-98 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-98 - Certificates and Transcripts as Evidence of Land Title and Facts.

Section 12-21-98Certificates and transcripts as evidence of land title and facts. All certificates issued pursuant to any Act of Congress by any county commission, register of a land office or by anyone authorized by law to issue such certificate, upon any warrant or order of survey or for any donation or preemption claim, vest the legal title in the holder or his assignee and must be received as evidence of such title; and all transcripts of any official book, official entry or other document pertaining to any land office in this state, certified by the register of such land office, must be received as prima facie evidence of the facts contained in such transcripts so certified in all the courts of this state. (Code 1852, §2292; Code 1867, §2691; Code 1876, §3043; Code 1886, §2782; Code 1896, §1813; Code 1907, §3980; Code 1923, §7678; Code 1940, T. 7, §390.)
AL Code § 12-21-99 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-99 - Recitals in Sheriff's Deed.

Section 12-21-99Recitals in sheriff's deed. The recitals in a sheriff's deed of a judgment, an execution, a levy and a sale thereunder, or of any one or more of such facts or proceedings, shall be prima facie evidence of the fact or proceeding recited. Such sheriff's deed, when properly executed, shall be received in evidence without independent proof of such fact or proceeding recited. (Acts 1923, No. 476, p. 629; Code 1923, §7706; Code 1940, T. 7, §419.)
AL Code § 12-21-100 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-100 - Judgments.

Section 12-21-100Judgments. A judgment is admissible between any parties to show the fact of the entry or rendition thereof; between parties and privies thereto it is conclusive as to the matter directly in issue until reversed or set aside. (Code 1907, §4002; Code 1923, §7700; Code 1940, T. 7, §412.)
AL Code § 12-21-101 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-101 - Certified Registers of Marriages, Births, and Deaths.

Section 12-21-101Certified registers of marriages, births, and deaths. Registers of marriages, births and deaths, kept in pursuance of law or any rule of a church or religious society may be certified by the custodian thereof and, when so certified, are presumptive evidence of the facts therein stated as well as of the law or rule in pursuance of which such registry was made and of the authority to certify the same. (Code 1852, §2300; Code 1867, §2702; Code 1876, §3056; Code 1886, §2780; Code 1896, §1811; Code 1907, §3978; Code 1923, §7674; Code 1940, T. 7, §386.)
AL Code § 12-21-102 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-102 - Copies of Letters Testamentary, Administration, and Guardianship.

Section 12-21-102Copies of letters testamentary, administration, and guardianship. Copies of letters testamentary and of administration and guardianship shall be primary evidence of the fact of administration and guardianship to the same extent as the original letters, provided such copies of letters are duly certified from the proper record of the proper officer. (Code 1907, §3996; Code 1923, §7694; Code 1940, T. 7, §406.)
AL Code § 12-21-103 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-103 - Transcribed Records.

Section 12-21-103Transcribed records. Whenever the records of a county or of any court or office, or any part thereof, shall be transcribed in pursuance of law, the copy or transcribed record shall be evidence and shall prima facie have the same force and effect as the original from which the transcript was made. (Code 1907, §3995; Code 1923, §7693; Code 1940, T. 7, §405.)
AL Code § 12-21-104 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-104 - Copies of Required Official Bonds, etc., and Transcripts.

Section 12-21-104Copies of required official bonds, etc., and transcripts. Copies of official bonds or other instruments or papers, required to be kept by any officer of this state and transcripts from the books and proceedings required to be kept by any sworn officer of the state are presumptive evidence in any case and have the same effect as if the original were produced and proved, upon the certificate of the custodian thereof that it is a true copy of the original. (Code 1852, §2295; Code 1867, §2695; Code 1876, §3047; Code 1886, §2788; Code 1896, §1819; Code 1907, §3986; Code 1923, §7684; Code 1940, T. 7, §397.)
AL Code § 12-21-105 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-105 - Certificate of Notary, etc., as to Presentment for Acceptance, etc., of Instrument Governed by Commercial Law.

Section 12-21-105Certificate of notary, etc., as to presentment for acceptance, etc., of instrument governed by commercial law. The certificate of a notary public under his hand and seal of office or of any other authorized person under his hand and seal of the presentment for acceptance or demand of payment or protest for nonacceptance or nonpayment of any instrument governed by the commercial law or of service of notice of such presentment, demand or protest and the mode of giving the same and the reputed place of residence of the party to whom the same was given and the post office nearest thereto is evidence of the facts contained in such certificate. (Code 1867, §1089; Code 1876, §1336; Code 1886, §1110; Code 1896, §3030; Code 1907, §5171; Code 1923, §9247; Code 1940, T. 40, §11.)
AL Code § 12-21-106 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-106 - Official Entry on Paper as Evidence of Registry.

Section 12-21-106Official entry on paper as evidence of registry. The official entry of the proper officer on a paper shall be sufficient evidence of its registry. (Code 1907, §3999; Code 1923, §7697; Code 1940, T. 7, §409.)
AL Code § 12-21-107 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-107 - When Certified Copy Good Secondary Evidence.

Section 12-21-107When certified copy good secondary evidence. If the original of any paper properly registered is lost or destroyed, a certified copy from the registry shall be deemed good secondary evidence. (Code 1907, §4000; Code 1923, §7698; Code 1940, T. 7, §410.)
AL Code § 12-21-108 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-108 - Historical Works, etc., as Evidence of Facts of General Notoriety and Interest.

Section 12-21-108Historical works, etc., as evidence of facts of general notoriety and interest. Historical works, books of science or art and published maps or charts, when made by persons indifferent between the parties, are prima facie evidence of facts of general notoriety and interest. (Code 1923, §7720; Code 1940, T. 7, §413.)
AL Code § 12-21-109 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-109 - Effect of Written Receipts, Releases, Discharges, and Judgments Entered Pursuant to Pro Tanto Settlements Generally.

Section 12-21-109Effect of written receipts, releases, discharges, and judgments entered pursuant to pro tanto settlements generally. All receipts, releases and discharges in writing, whether of a debt of record, a contract under seal or otherwise, and all judgments entered pursuant to pro tanto settlements, must have effect according to their terms and the intentions of the parties thereto. (Code 1852, §2282; Code 1867, §2685; Code 1876, §3039; Code 1886, §2774; Code 1896, §1805; Code 1907, §3973; Code 1923, §7669; Code 1940, T. 7, §381; Acts 1985, No. 85-517, p. 611.)
AL Code § 12-21-110 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-110 - Receipts for Money.

Section 12-21-110Receipts for money. Receipts for money are always only prima facie evidence of payment and may be denied or explained by parol evidence. (Code 1907, §3964; Code 1923, §7660; Code 1940, T. 7, §372.)
AL Code § 12-21-111 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-111 - Verified Itemized Statement as Evidence of Account's Correctness.

Section 12-21-111Verified itemized statement as evidence of account's correctness. In all actions upon accounts, an itemized statement of the account, verified by the affidavit of a competent witness, taken before and certified by, a notary public or any officer having authority under the laws of this or another state to take and certify affidavits, is competent evidence of the correctness of the account if the plaintiff, at the time of bringing his action, files with his complaint such verified itemized statement and endorses on the complaint the fact that the account is verified by affidavit. Unless the defendant, within the time allowed him for pleading, files in the case an affidavit denying on information and belief the correctness of the account, which affidavit of the defendant shall state whether or not the defendant denies liability and whether or not he disputes the whole account or only a part or parts or an item or items thereof (if defendant disputes only a part or parts or an item or items of the account and not the whole account, he shall state in such affidavit what parts or items are disputed by him), the verified account so filed and noted by the plaintiff shall be competent evidence of the correctness of all parts and items of the account not disputed by defendant's affidavit. Any person who files a denial of the correctness of the verified account and thereby causes delay or a continuance of the case, when, on final hearing of the case, the judge of the court does not believe that the denial affidavit was made in good faith, shall be penalized in a sum not exceeding five percent of the amount of the judgment recovered, which sum shall be added to and become a part of the judgment. The presence on the affidavit of the seal of the officer purporting to take such affidavit shall be prima facie evidence of the fact that it was affixed thereto by such officer. (Code 1886, §2773; Code 1896, §1804; Code 1907, §3970; Acts 1915, No. 541, p. 609; Code 1923, §7666; Code 1940, T. 7, §378.)
AL Code § 12-21-112 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-112 - Written Contract as Evidence of Debt or Duty; Impeachment Thereof.

Section 12-21-112Written contract as evidence of debt or duty; impeachment thereof. Every written contract, the foundation of the action, purporting to be executed by the party sought to be charged, his partner, agent or attorney-in-fact, is evidence of the existence of the debt or that the party undertook to perform the duty for which it was given and that it was made on sufficient consideration, but may be impeached by answer, and, when so impeached, the burden of proof is on the defendant. (Code 1852, §2278; Code 1867, §2681; Code 1876, §3035; Code 1886, §2769; Code 1896, §1800; Code 1907, §3966; Code 1923, §7662; Code 1940, T. 7, §374.)
AL Code § 12-21-113 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-113 - Price Current and Commercial Lists.

Section 12-21-113Price current and commercial lists. Price current and commercial lists, printed at any commercial mart, are presumptive evidence of the value of any article of merchandise specified therein, at that place, at the date thereof and of the rate of exchange between that and other places, also of the rates of insurance, freights and the times of arrival and departure of ships and other vessels. (Code 1852, §2299; Code 1867, §2701; Code 1876, §3055; Code 1886, §2779; Code 1896, §1810; Code 1907, §3977; Code 1923, §7673; Code 1940, T. 7, §385.)
AL Code § 12-21-114 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 1 - Evidence.|Division 4 - Weight and Sufficiency.|Section 12-21-114 - Market Value Testimony.

Section 12-21-114Market value testimony. Direct testimony as to the market value is in the nature of opinion evidence; one need not be an expert or dealer in the article, but may testify as to value if he has had an opportunity for forming a correct opinion. (Code 1907, §3960; Code 1923, §7656; Code 1940, T. 7, §367.)
AL Code § 12-21-130 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-130 - Interpreters Generally.

Section 12-21-130Interpreters generally. Interpreters may be sworn to interpret truly, when necessary, and must be paid as witnesses in the case. (Code 1852, §2275; Code 1867, §2679; Code 1876, §3034; Code 1886, §2764; Code 1896, §1793; Code 1907, §4010; Code 1923, §7724; Code 1940, T. 7, §436.)
AL Code § 12-21-132 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-132 - Interpreters for Persons Defective in Speech And/or Hearing - How Furnished.

Section 12-21-132Interpreters for persons defective in speech and/or hearing - How furnished. The presiding judge before whose court a case involving such handicapped person or persons described in Section 12-21-131, when requested to do so as provided in Section 12-21-133, must furnish said interpreter from a roster of interpreters kept by the Clerk of the Alabama Supreme Court in his office at Montgomery, Alabama, said roster being provided by and approved solely by the Alabama Association of the Deaf. (Acts 1965, No. 799, p. 1499, §2.)
AL Code § 12-21-133 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-133 - Interpreters for Persons Defective in Speech And/or Hearing - Duty of Disabled Person; Provisions Cumulative.

Section 12-21-133Interpreters for persons defective in speech and/or hearing - Duty of handicapped person; provisions cumulative. It shall be the duty of any handicapped person described in Section 12-21-131 who desires the services of an interpreter as provided in Section 12-21-131, or his or her attorney of record to make known in writing to the presiding judge before whom such case is to be tried or heard, at least 30 days prior to or immediately upon the setting of such case, that such an interpreter is needed during the trial or hearing, so that said presiding judge can have sufficient time to comply with the provisions of Section 12-21-131, thus expediting the proceedings of said court in an orderly manner. Sections 12-21-131 through 12-21-134 shall not prevent any court from selecting and using interpreters as now provided by law, but are cumulative in providing additional means for obtaining qualified interpreters. (Acts 1965, No. 799, p. 1499, §3.)
AL Code § 12-21-134 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-134 - Interpreters for Persons Defective in Speech And/or Hearing - Compensation and Expenses.

Section 12-21-134Interpreters for persons defective in speech and/or hearing - Compensation and expenses. The compensation of any interpreter who is called upon for service in any legal litigation as described in Section 12-21-131 shall be fixed at $15.00 for each day while on active call by the presiding judge, together with actual expenses incurred by said interpreter while on active call by the presiding judge. Said compensation and expenses shall be approved by the presiding judge on proper forms prescribed by the Chief Examiner of Public Accounts, and said compensation and expenses shall be paid from the general funds of the Alabama State Treasury immediately upon presentation or filing with the state Comptroller by the claimant. (Acts 1965, No. 799, p. 1499, §4.)
AL Code § 12-21-135 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-135 - How Testimony Given.

Section 12-21-135How testimony given. All testimony, except as otherwise directed, must be given in open court on the oath or affirmation of the witness. (Code 1852, §2301; Code 1867, §2703; Code 1876, §3057; Code 1886, §2763; Code 1896, §1792; Code 1907, §3958; Code 1923, §7654; Code 1940, T. 7, §363.)
AL Code § 12-21-136 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-136 - Oath or Affirmation for Oral Testimony.

Section 12-21-136Oath or affirmation for oral testimony. The sanction of an oath, or affirmation equivalent thereto, is necessary to the reception of any oral testimony. The court may frame such affirmation according to the religious faith of the witness. (Code 1907, §3959; Code 1923, §7655; Code 1940, T. 7, §364.)
AL Code § 12-21-137 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-137 - Right of Cross-Examination.

Section 12-21-137Right of cross-examination. The right of cross-examination, thorough and sifting, belongs to every party as to the witnesses called against him. If several parties to the same case have distinct interests, each may exercise this right. (Code 1907, §4017; Code 1923, §7731; Code 1940, T. 7, §443.)
AL Code § 12-21-138 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 12 - Courts.|Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.|Article 1 - General Provisions.|Division 2 - Witnesses.|Division 1 - Generally.|Section 12-21-138 - Leading Questions.

Section 12-21-138Leading questions. Leading questions are generally allowed in cross-examinations and only in these, but the court may exercise a discretion in granting the right to the party calling the witness and in refusing it to the opposite party when, from the conduct of the witness or other reason, justice requires it. (Code 1907, §4018; Code 1923, §7732; Code 1940, T. 7, §444.)