reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 1 - Preferences and Priorities in Insolvency; Assignment for Benefit of Creditors|Section 15-102 - Priorities in Insolvency

    (a)    (1)    In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.        (2)    “Person” includes an individual, corporation, business trust, statutory trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.        (3)    “Wages” means all remuneration paid to any employee for his employment, including the cash value of all remuneration paid in any medium other than cash.    (b)    The property of an insolvent who makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or who has his property taken by a receiver under a decree of a court in an insolvency proceeding shall be applied to the following, in the order stated:        (1)    Costs and expenses of the administration of the trust or insolvency proceeding which the court approves;        (2)    Wages of an employee and health, welfare, and pension contributions contracted for in place of wages, earned not more than three months before the assignment or institution of the insolvency proceeding;        (3)    Lien claims of the State, a county, municipal corporation, or other political subdivision of the State perfected or recorded before the assignment or institution of the insolvency proceeding, and claims of persons having judicial liens on property of the insolvent recorded more than four months before the assignment or institution of the insolvency proceeding;        (4)    Unsecured claims of individuals, to the extent of $900 for each individual, arising from the deposit, before the commencement of the case, of money in connection with the purchase, lease, or rental of property, or the purchase of services, for the personal, family, or household use of the individuals, that were not delivered or provided;        (5)    Rent for any interest in real property in the State due not more than three months before the execution of the assignment or institution of the insolvency proceeding;        (6)    Charges in connection with the transportation of goods advanced by one common carrier to another on behalf of a consignor or consignee not more than three months before the assignment or institution of the insolvency proceeding;        (7)    Taxes not included in paragraph (3) of this subsection; and        (8)    Claims of unsecured creditors.    (c)    For the purpose of subsection (b)(1) of this section, the landlord’s claim for rent for any interest in real property in this State due not more than three months before the execution of the assignment or institution of the insolvency proceeding shall be considered a perfected lien on the distrainable property of the insolvent to the same extent as if distress for rent was levied by the landlord before the assignment or the institution of the insolvency proceeding.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-201 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-201 - Definitions

    (a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    (1)    “Assets” means property of a debtor not exempt from liability for his debts.        (2)    “Assets” includes any property to the extent that the property is liable for any debts of a debtor.    (c)    “Conveyance” includes every payment of money, assignment, release, transfer, lease, mortgage, or pledge of tangible or intangible property, and also the creation of any lien or incumbrance.    (d)    “Creditor” means a person who has any claim, whether matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, absolute, fixed, or contingent.    (e)    “Debt” includes any legal liability, whether matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, absolute, fixed, or contingent.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-202 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-202 - Insolvency

    (a)    A person is insolvent if the present fair market value of his assets is less than the amount required to pay his probable liability on his existing debts as they become absolute and matured.    (b)    In determining if a partnership is insolvent, there shall be added to the partnership property:        (1)    The present fair market value of the separate assets of each general partner in excess of the amount probably sufficient to meet the claims of his separate creditors; and        (2)    The amount of any unpaid subscription to the partnership of each limited partner, if the present fair market value of the assets of the limited partner is probably sufficient to pay his debts, including the unpaid subscription.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-203 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-203 - Fair Consideration

    Fair consideration is given for property or an obligation, if:         (1)    In exchange for the property or obligation, as a fair equivalent for it and in good faith, property is conveyed or an antecedent debt is satisfied; or        (2)    The property or obligation is received in good faith to secure a present advance or antecedent debt in an amount not disproportionately small as compared to the value of the property or obligation obtained.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-204 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-204 - Conveyance by Insolvent

    Every conveyance made and every obligation incurred by a person who is or will be rendered insolvent by it is fraudulent as to creditors without regard to his actual intent, if the conveyance is made or the obligation is incurred without a fair consideration.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-205 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-205 - Conveyance by Person in Business

    Every conveyance made without fair consideration when the person who makes it is engaged or is about to engage in a business or transaction for which the property remaining in his hands after the conveyance is an unreasonably small capital, is fraudulent as to creditors and other persons who become creditors during the continuance of the business or transaction without regard to his actual intent.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-206 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-206 - Conveyance by a Person About to Incur Debts

    Every conveyance made and every obligation incurred without fair consideration when the person who makes the conveyance or who enters into the obligation intends or believes that he will incur debts beyond his ability to pay as they mature, is fraudulent as to both present and future creditors.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-207 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-207 - Conveyance Made With Intent to Defraud

    Every conveyance made and every obligation incurred with actual intent, as distinguished from intent presumed in law, to hinder, delay, or defraud present or future creditors, is fraudulent as to both present and future creditors.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-208 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-208 - Conveyance of Partnership or Limited Liability Company Property

    (a)    Every conveyance of partnership property and every partnership obligation incurred when the partnership is or will be rendered insolvent by it, is fraudulent as to partnership creditors, if the conveyance is made or the obligation is incurred to:        (1)    A partner, whether with or without a promise by him to pay partnership debts, unless the conveyance or obligation represents fair and reasonable compensation for services provided or to be provided by the partner to the partnership and the services are provided or will be provided within 120 days before or after the date the conveyance is made or the obligation is incurred; or        (2)    A person not a partner, without fair consideration to the partnership as distinguished from consideration to the individual partners.    (b)    Every conveyance of limited liability company property and every limited liability company obligation incurred when the limited liability company is or will be rendered insolvent by it, is fraudulent as to creditors of the limited liability company, if the conveyance is made or the obligation is incurred to:        (1)    A member, whether with or without a promise by him to pay the limited liability company’s debts, unless the conveyance or obligation represents fair and reasonable compensation for services provided or to be provided by the member to the limited liability company and the services are provided or will be provided within 120 days before or after the date the conveyance is made or the obligation is incurred; or        (2)    A person not a member, without fair consideration to the limited liability company as distinguished from consideration to the individual members.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-209 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-209 - Rights of Creditor Whose Claim Has Matured

    (a)    If a conveyance or obligation is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim has matured, the creditor, as against any person except a purchaser for fair consideration without knowledge of the fraud at the time of the purchase or one who has derived title immediately or immediately from such a purchaser, may:        (1)    Have the conveyance set aside or obligation annulled to the extent necessary to satisfy the claim; or        (2)    Levy on or garnish the property conveyed as if the conveyance were not made.    (b)    In an action to have a conveyance set aside or an obligation annulled, it is not necessary as a condition to the granting of relief that the creditor first obtain judgment on the claim.    (c)    A purchaser who without actual fraudulent intent has given less than a fair consideration for the conveyance or obligation may retain the property or obligation as security for repayment.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-210 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-210 - Rights of Creditor Whose Claim Has Not Matured

    (a)    If a conveyance made or obligation incurred is fraudulent as to a creditor whose claim has not matured, he may proceed in a court of competent jurisdiction against any person against whom he could have proceeded had his claim matured.    (b)    In the proceeding, the court may:        (1)    Restrain the defendant from disposing of his property;        (2)    Appoint a receiver to take charge of the property;        (3)    Set aside the conveyance or annul the obligation; or        (4)    Enter any order which the circumstances of the case require.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-210.1 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-210.1 - Foreclosure Sales

    A conveyance is not fraudulent as to a creditor if, conducted in accordance with applicable law, the conveyance results from:         (1)    A foreclosure sale;        (2)    A sale to enforce a statutory lien;        (3)    A judicial sale; or        (4)    A sale of property under levy.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-211 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-211 - Cases Not Provided for in Subtitle

    In any case not provided for in this subtitle, the rules of law and equity, including the law merchant, the law of principal and agent, and the effect of fraud, misrepresentation, duress or coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, or other invalidating cause, shall govern.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-212 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-212 - Construction of Subtitle

    This subtitle shall be interpreted and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of the states which enact it.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-213 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-213 - Certain Statutes Not Repealed

    This subtitle does not repeal the law relating to:         (1)    Fraudulent conveyances from one spouse to the other, as provided in §§ 4-205, 4-206, and 4-301 of the Family Law Article;        (2)    Priorities and preferences in insolvency, as provided in Subtitle 1 of this title; or        (3)    Bulk transfers, as defined in Title 6 of this article.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-214 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 2 - Fraudulent Conveyances|Section 15-214 - Short Title

    This subtitle may be cited as the Maryland Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-301 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 3 - Assignment of Wages|Section 15-301 - Definitions

    (a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    (1)    “Assignment” includes every transfer, sale, pledge, mortgage, or hypothecation, however made or attempted, of the wages of a person or any interest in them.        (2)    “Assignment” does not include an authorization by a borrower or his guarantor or surety for payroll deductions to repay a loan made by a state or federally chartered credit union to a credit union member.    (c)    “County” includes Baltimore City.    (d)    “Court” means the District Court for the county where an assignor resides.    (e)    “Person” includes an individual, corporation, business trust, statutory trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.    (f)    “Wages” means all remuneration paid to any employee for his employment, including the cash value of all remuneration paid in any medium other than cash.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-302 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 3 - Assignment of Wages|Section 15-302 - Requisites of Assignment

    (a)    An assignment of wages is not valid unless:        (1)    The assignment is:            (i)    In writing;            (ii)    Signed and acknowledged by the assignor before a notary public in and for the county where he resides; and            (iii)    Entered the same day on the docket of the court by the clerk; and        (2)    Within three days from the execution and acknowledgment of the assignment, a copy of the assignment with the certificate of acknowledgment is served on the assignor’s employer in the same manner as the Maryland Rules provide for service of a summons.    (b)    An assignment of wages by a married person is not valid unless also executed and acknowledged by the assignor’s spouse in the manner required by subsection (a) of this section.    (c)    An assignment of wages to be earned in whole or in part more than six months after the making of the assignment is void.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-303 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 3 - Assignment of Wages|Section 15-303 - Proof of Service on Employer

    (a)    Proof of the service made in accordance with § 15-302(a)(2) of this subtitle shall be by written admission of the assignor’s employer on the original assignment.    (b)    Within two days from the date of service, the original assignment with the employer’s written admission shall be filed with the clerk of the court.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-304 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 3 - Assignment of Wages|Section 15-304 - Affidavit as to Interest on Loan

    The assignor’s acknowledgment of assignment shall include his affidavit stating that he has not paid and will not pay directly or indirectly on any sum borrowed, an effective rate of simple interest, as defined in § 12-101 of this article, of more than 6 percent per annum.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-305 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 3 - Assignment of Wages|Section 15-305 - Injunction

    (a)    If an assignee files or threatens to file an action to enforce any assignment of wages which does not comply with any provision of this subtitle, on petition of the assignor or his employer, a court of equity may enjoin the threatened or attempted enforcement of the assignment.    (b)    The fact that a petitioner has a complete and adequate remedy at law does not constitute a defense to the maintenance of an action in equity to enjoin the threatened or attempted enforcement of the assignment.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-401 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 4 - Assignment of Debts|Section 15-401 - Subrogation of Surety

    If a surety in any bond or other obligation for the payment of money or a promissory note, or the endorser of a protested draft, pays or tenders the money due on it in full, he is entitled to an assignment of it and, by virtue of the assignment, may maintain an action in his name against the principal debtor.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-402 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 4 - Assignment of Debts|Section 15-402 - Action by Assignee on Obligation Under Seal

    (a)    Subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, the assignee of a bond or other obligation under seal which was assigned under the assignor’s signature and seal, may maintain an action in his name against the obligor named in the bond or other obligation.    (b)    Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, if the assignee cannot recover the debt from the obligor because the obligor is unable to pay it or cannot be found, or for any other reason, the assignee may maintain an action against the obligee, unless the assignee is a surety in the bond or other obligation.    (c)    If because of the negligence or default of the assignee, he cannot recover the debt from the obligor, the assignee may not maintain an action against the obligee.    (d)    An action may not be maintained by the assignee against the obligor unless the obligee certifies before a notary public, in writing on the bond or other obligation, that at the time of the assignment the obligor still owed the amount for which the action is filed.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-501 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 5 - Assignment of Claims to Nonresidents|Section 15-501 - Prohibition Against Certain Assignments or Transfers

    (a)    It is unlawful for a creditor who is a citizen of the State to assign or transfer a claim against a resident of the State:        (1)    For the purpose of having the claim collected by attachment in a court outside the State; or        (2)    With the intent to deprive the debtor of his rights under the laws of the State which exempt his wages or property from execution.    (b)    The provisions of this section do not apply if the creditor, the debtor, or the person owing the money to be attached is not within the jurisdiction of the courts of this State.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-502 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 5 - Assignment of Claims to Nonresidents|Section 15-502 - Liability of Creditor for Assigned or Transferred Debt

    (a)    If the creditor assigns or transfers the debt to a nonresident in violation of § 15-501 of this subtitle and the debt is collected by the assignee outside the State, the creditor is liable to the debtor for the full amount of the debt including collected interest and costs. In addition, the creditor forfeits his right to exempt his own wages or property from execution if a writ of execution is issued against him for collection of these amounts.    (b)    Proof of the fact of the assignment or transfer, whether or not for value, to a nonresident assignee is prima facie evidence of the creditor’s intent to deprive the debtor of his rights under the laws of the State which exempt his wages or property from execution.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-503 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 5 - Assignment of Claims to Nonresidents|Section 15-503 - Penalty for Assignment or Transfer

    Any creditor who violates any provision of § 15-501 of this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $50.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-601 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 6 - Attachment of Wages|Section 15-601 - Definitions

    (a)    In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.    (b)    “Employee” includes an employee whether he is a resident or nonresident of the State.    (c)    “Wages” means all monetary remuneration paid to any employee for his employment.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-601.1 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 6 - Attachment of Wages|Section 15-601.1 - Exemption From Attachment

    (a)    In this section, “disposable wages” means the part of wages that remain after deduction of any amount required to be withheld by law.    (b)    The following are exempt from attachment:        (1)    The greater of:            (i)    75 percent of the disposable wages due; or            (ii)    30 times the State minimum hourly wage in effect at the time the wages are due, multiplied by the number of weeks during which the wages due were earned; and        (2)    Any medical insurance payment deducted from an employee’s wages by the employer.    (c)    The amount subject to attachment shall be calculated per pay period.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  15-602 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 15 - Debt Collection -- Special Provisions|Subtitle 6 - Attachment of Wages|Section 15-602 - Continuing Lien; Application and Waiver of Limitations in 15-601.1

    (a)    When an attachment is levied against the wages of a judgment debtor, it shall constitute a lien on all attachable wages that are payable at the time the attachment is served or which become payable until the judgment, interest, and costs, as specified in the attachment, are satisfied.    (b)    Any waiver of the limitations contained in § 15-601.1(b)(1) and (2) of this subtitle is void.