reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 10-12-108 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 1 - Mutual Insurance Companies and Mutual Protective Associations|§ 10-12-108. Mutual Insurance Companies - Corporation Policyholders

 Any public or private corporation, board, or association in this state or elsewhere may make applications and enter into agreements for and hold policies in any domestic or foreign mutual insurance company. Any officer, stockholder, trustee, or legal representative of any such corporation, board, or association or any estate may be recognized as acting for or on its behalf for the purpose of such membership but shall not be personally liable upon such contract of insurance by reason of acting in such representative capacity. The right of any corporation organized under the laws of this state to participate as a member of any such mutual insurance company is declared to be incidental to the purpose for which such corporation is organized and as much granted as the rights and powers expressly conferred.   History. Source: L. 21: P. 465, § 8. C.L. § 2564. CSA: C. 87, § 134. CRS 53: § 72-5-8. L. 55: P. 457, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-8. History. Source: L. 21: P. 465, § 8. C.L. § 2564. CSA: C. 87, § 134. CRS 53: § 72-5-8. L. 55: P. 457, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-8.
CO Code § 10-12-109 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 1 - Mutual Insurance Companies and Mutual Protective Associations|§ 10-12-109. Mutual Insurance Companies - Voting Powers

 Every member of the company shall be entitled to one vote or to a number of votes based upon the insurance in force, the number of policies held, or the amount of premiums paid, as may be provided in the bylaws.   History. Source: L. 21: P. 465, § 9. C.L. § 2565. CSA: C. 87, § 135. CRS 53: § 72-5-9. L. 55: P. 457, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-9. History. Source: L. 21: P. 465, § 9. C.L. § 2565. CSA: C. 87, § 135. CRS 53: § 72-5-9. L. 55: P. 457, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-9.
CO Code § 10-12-110 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 1 - Mutual Insurance Companies and Mutual Protective Associations|§ 10-12-110. Mutual Insurance Companies - Premiums and Premium Deposits

 The policies shall provide for a premium or premium deposit payable in cash and, except as provided in this section, for a contingent premium at least equal to the premium or premium deposit. Such mutual company may issue a policy without a contingent premium while it has a surplus equal to the capital required of a domestic stock insurance company transacting the same kinds of insurance, and in no event shall the holder of any such policy be liable for a greater amount than the premium or premium deposit expressed in the policy. If at any time the admitted assets are less than the reserve and other liabilities, the company shall immediately collect upon policies with a contingent premium a sufficient proportionate part thereof to restore such assets, but no member shall be liable for any part of such contingent premium in excess of the amount demanded within one year after the termination of the policy. The commissioner may, by written order, direct that proceedings to restore such assets be deferred during the time fixed in such order.   History. Source: L. 21: P. 465, § 10. C.L. § 2566. CSA: C. 87, § 136. CRS 53: § 72-5-10. L. 55: P. 457, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-10. History. Source: L. 21: P. 465, § 10. C.L. § 2566. CSA: C. 87, § 136. CRS 53: § 72-5-10. L. 55: P. 457, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-10.
CO Code § 10-12-111 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 1 - Mutual Insurance Companies and Mutual Protective Associations|§ 10-12-111. Mutual Life Assessment Companies Prohibited - When

 No life insurance company which is organized under the mutual assessment plan or which issues contracts, the performance of which is contingent upon the payment of assessments or calls made upon its members, shall do business in this state, except such companies authorized on April 15, 1913, to do business in this state and which value their assessment policies or certificates of membership as yearly renewable term policies, according to the standard of valuation of life insurance policies prescribed by the laws of this state. No such company shall provide in any contract of insurance for any cash or other benefit to accrue to any living member or policyholder or to any beneficiary except a death benefit from life insurance upon the yearly renewable term plan.   History. Source: L. 13: P. 358, § 60. C.L. § 2533. CSA: C. 87, § 77. CRS 53: § 72-5-11. L. 55: P. 458, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-11. History. Source: L. 13: P. 358, § 60. C.L. § 2533. CSA: C. 87, § 77. CRS 53: § 72-5-11. L. 55: P. 458, § 1. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-11.    Cross references:   For the valuation of life policies, see § 10-7-101 .
CO Code § 10-12-112 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 1 - Mutual Insurance Companies and Mutual Protective Associations|§ 10-12-112. Validation Clause

 All transactions, otherwise lawful and not inconsistent with sections 10-12-108 to 10-12-111 , are hereby validated as though done pursuant to said sections.   History. Source: L. 55: P. 458, § 1. CRS 53: § 72-5-12. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-12. History. Source: L. 55: P. 458, § 1. CRS 53: § 72-5-12. C.R.S. 1963: § 72-5-12.
CO Code § 10-12-401 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-401. Legislative Declaration

 It is the intent of the general assembly by the enactment of this part 4 that the legal existence and status of mutual insurance companies formed under this part 4 and the members thereof be recognized beyond the limits of this state and that, subject to any reasonable registration requirements, any such mutual insurance company transacting business outside this state be granted the protection of full faith and credit under section 1 of article IV of the constitution of the United States.   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1219, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-12-402 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-402. Scope of Provisions

 This part 4 shall apply to all domestic and foreign mutual insurers, including captive insurance companies organized as mutual insurers, transacting or being organized to transact any of the kinds of business for which insurance companies regulated by this title are permitted.   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1219, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-12-403 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-403. Mutual Insurer Defined

 For purposes of this part 4, a “mutual” insurer is an insurance corporation without capital stock, owned by its policyholders collectively, who have the right to vote in the election of its directors.   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1219, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-12-404 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-404. Company Name

 The corporate name of any company organized under this article shall contain the word “mutual” and shall not be the same as and shall be distinguishable on the records of the secretary of state from the name of any domestic company or of any foreign or alien company authorized to transact business in this state.   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1220, § 1, effective May 24. L. 2000: Entire section amended, p. 988, § 102, effective July 1.
CO Code § 10-12-405 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-405. Applicability of Other Code and Corporation Code Provisions

 Domestic mutual insurers, incorporating or qualifying to transact any or all of the classes of insurance designated in section 10-3-102 , shall be subject to all provisions of this title generally applicable to other incorporated insurers, specifically including the provisions of article 3 of this title, and in case of conflict between this part 4 and other provisions of this title, the provisions of this part 4 shall control. Domestic mutual insurers shall be subject to additional articles of this title as they are applicable to the class or classes of insurance made by such domestic mutual insurer. Domestic mutual insurers shall not be required to have or issue capital stock or shares nor shall they be required to distribute an annual report to a member other than at the time of the initial policy issuance or once each year on renewal. Except as otherwise provided in this part 4, incorporated mutual insurers shall be deemed to be incorporated or organized under the general corporation law of this state.   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1220, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-12-406 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-406. Lines of Business

 When permitted by its articles of incorporation, a company may be organized under this part 4 to make insurance to the same extent and for the same purposes as permitted for domestic insurance companies under section 10-3-102 or for captive insurance companies under section 10-6-107 .   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1220, § 1, effective May 24. L. 94: Entire section amended, p. 1648, § 88, effective May 31.
CO Code § 10-12-407 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-407. Bylaws

 The bylaws shall provide that each policyholder of the company shall be a member of the company and shall be entitled to one or more votes based upon the amount of insurance in force, the number of policies held, or the amount of premium paid, as shall be stated in such bylaws. The bylaws may permit voting by proxy.   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1220, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-12-408 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-408. Liability of Members

  A member of a mutual insurance company organized under this article is not liable to any other member, to the company, or to any creditor of the company for the payment of losses or expenses of the company beyond payment of premiums for insurance issued to such member, nor may any member be assessed for any liability of the company.    A mutual insurance company may, if permitted by its articles of incorporation or bylaws and if provision therefor is clearly disclosed to its members on the face of the policy, make contingent premium assessments on its members.    No person is liable for any obligation arising from membership unless the person was admitted to membership upon the person's application or with the person's consent.     History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1220, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-12-409 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-409. Dividends

  The board of directors or trustees of any company which is subject to the provisions of this part 4 and which writes life, accident, or accident and health insurance may declare dividends to its members.    After retaining sufficient funds for the payment by the company of all outstanding policy and other obligations, the board of directors or trustees of any company which is subject to the provisions of this article and which writes casualty, fidelity and surety, fire, elements and marine, or similar insurance may from time to time fix and determine the amount of dividends payable, or of unabsorbed or unused premiums or premium deposits to be returned, to each policyholder, may establish reasonable classifications or groupings of policyholders and plans for the distribution of such dividends or refunds upon each general kind of insurance or groups or classes thereof, and may establish reasonable territorial divisions upon policies expiring during a fixed period.    The declaration and payment of dividends by any company subject to the provisions of this part 4 shall be subject to the following conditions:   No dividends shall be declared or paid at any time except out of the earned, as distinguished from contributed, surplus nor when the surplus of the company is less than the original surplus required for the kind or kinds of insurance the company is authorized to write nor when the payment of such dividends will reduce its surplus to less than such amount.    No dividends shall be declared or paid contrary to any restriction contained in the articles of incorporation.        History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1221, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-12-410 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 12 - Mutual Insurance|Part 4 - Mutual Insurance Companies|§ 10-12-410. Insolvency or Impairment of Mutual Insurance Company

 A mutual insurance company is deemed insolvent when its admitted assets are less than all of its liabilities, excluding from such liabilities the aggregate amount of its guaranty fund, and is deemed impaired when its admitted assets are less than its liabilities, including as a liability the aggregate amount of its guaranty fund, or when its surplus is less than the minimum requirements of section 10-3-201 .   History. Source: L. 91: Entire part added, p. 1221, § 1, effective May 24.
CO Code § 10-14-101 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 14 - Fraternal Benefit Societies|Part 1 - Definitions - Structure and Purpose|§ 10-14-101. Definitions

 As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:    “Benefit contract” means the agreement for the provision of benefits authorized by section 10-14-401, as that agreement is described in section 10-14-404.    “Benefit member” means an adult member who is designated by the governing documents of the society to be a benefit member under a benefit contract.    “Certificate” means the document issued as written evidence of the benefit contract.    “Governing documents” mean the society's articles of incorporation, constitution, bylaws, and rules, however designated.    “Lodge” means any subordinate member unit of the society, known as camps, courts, councils, branches, or by any other designation as described in section 10-14-103.    “Premium” means any premium, rate, dues, or other required contributions by whatever name known, which are payable under the certificate.    “Rule” means any rule, regulation, or resolution adopted by the supreme governing body or board of directors which is intended to have general application to the members of the society.    “Society” means a fraternal benefit society as set forth in section 10-14-102, unless otherwise indicated.     History. Source: L. 93: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 585, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   The former § 10-14-101 was relocated to § 10-14-102 in 1993.
CO Code § 10-14-102 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 14 - Fraternal Benefit Societies|Part 1 - Definitions - Structure and Purpose|§ 10-14-102. Fraternal Benefit Societies - What Constitutes

 Any incorporated society, order, or supreme lodge, without capital stock, conducted solely for the benefit of its members and their beneficiaries and not for profit, operated on a lodge system with ritualistic form of work, having a representative form of government, and which provides any of the benefits enumerated in section 10-14-401 , is hereby declared to be a fraternal benefit society.   History. Source: L. 93: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 586, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 10-14-101 as it existed prior to 1993, and the former § 10-14-102 was relocated to § 10-14-103 .   ANNOTATION   Annotator's note. Since § 10-14-102 is similar to § 10-14-101 as it existed prior to the 1993 amendment to article 14 which resulted in the relocation of provisions, relevant cases construing that provision have been included in the annotations to this section.   For a nonprofit corporation lacking indicia of fraternal society, see Int'l Serv. Union Co. v. People ex rel. Wettengel, 101 Colo. 1 , 70 P.2d 431 (1937).   Lack of lodge system and representative government subject corporation to premium tax. The general assembly imposes a tax upon gross premium income of insurance companies. Fraternal and benevolent corporations defined as those which have a lodge system with a ritualistic form of work and representative form of government are exempted. It has clearly defined what is meant by “lodge system” and “representative government”. Since the reorganization, Homesteaders has not had a lodge system; it has not had a representative form of government; nor has it performed any ritualistic work. These are requirements essential to a status that would exempt it from the tax under discussion. Beery v. Homesteaders Life Co., 146 Colo. 218 , 361 P.2d 127 (1961).
CO Code § 10-14-103 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 14 - Fraternal Benefit Societies|Part 1 - Definitions - Structure and Purpose|§ 10-14-103. Lodge System - Defined

  A society is operating on the lodge system if it has a supreme governing or legislative body and subordinate lodges into which members are elected, initiated, or admitted in accordance with its governing documents, and rituals. Subordinate lodges shall be required by the governing documents of the society to hold regular meetings at least once in each month in furtherance of the purposes of the society.    A society may, at its option, organize and operate lodges for children under the minimum age for adult membership. Membership and initiation in local lodges shall not be required of such children, nor shall they have a voice or vote in the management of the society.     History. Source: L. 93: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 586, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 10-14-102 as it existed prior to 1993, and the former § 10-14-103 was relocated to § 10-14-104 .   ANNOTATION   Annotator's note. Since § 10-14-103 is similar to § 10-14-102 as it existed prior to the 1993 amendment to article 14 which resulted in the relocation of provisions, a relevant case construing that provision has been included in the annotation to this section.   Society's constitution is part of insurance contract. Under the laws of Colorado governing fraternal and benefit societies, the constitution of such a society is made a part of the contract between the society and the insured. Neighbors v. Westover, 99 Colo. 231 , 61 P.2d 585 (1936).
CO Code § 10-14-104 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 14 - Fraternal Benefit Societies|Part 1 - Definitions - Structure and Purpose|§ 10-14-104. Representative Form of Government - Defined

  A society has a representative form of government when:   The supreme governing body is either:   An assembly composed of delegates elected directly by the members or at intermediate assemblies or conventions of members or their representatives, together with other delegates as may be prescribed in the society's governing documents. A society may provide for the election of delegates by mail. The elected delegates shall constitute at least a majority of the delegates and not less than two-thirds of the votes of the assembly and not less than the number of votes required to amend the society's governing documents. The assembly shall be elected, shall meet at least once every four years, and shall elect a board of directors to conduct the business of the society between meetings of the assembly. Vacancies on the board of directors between elections may be filled in the manner prescribed by the society's governing documents.    A board composed of persons elected by the members, either directly or by their representatives in intermediate assemblies, and any other persons prescribed in the society's governing documents. A society may provide for election of the board by mail. Each term of a board member shall not exceed four years. Vacancies on the board between elections shall be filled in the manner prescribed by the society's governing documents. Those persons elected to the board shall constitute at least a majority of the board and not less than the number of votes required to amend the society's governing documents. A person filling the unexpired term of an elected board member shall be considered to be an elected member. The board shall meet at least semiannually to conduct the business of the society.       The officers of the society are elected either by the supreme governing body or by the board of directors, pursuant to the governing documents of the society;    Only benefit members are eligible for election to the supreme governing body, the board of directors, or any intermediate assembly; and    Each voting member has one vote. No vote may be cast by proxy.        History. Source: L. 93: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 586, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 10-14-103 as it existed prior to 1993, and the former § 10-14-104 was relocated to § 10-14-503 .
CO Code § 10-14-105 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 10 - Insurance|Article 14 - Fraternal Benefit Societies|Part 1 - Definitions - Structure and Purpose|§ 10-14-105. Purposes and Powers

  A society shall operate for the benefit of members and their beneficiaries by:   Providing benefits as specified in section 10-14-401; and    Operating for one or more lawful social, intellectual, educational, charitable, benevolent, moral, fraternal, patriotic, or religious purposes for the benefit of its members, which may also be extended to others. Such purposes may be carried out directly by the society, or indirectly through subsidiary corporations or affiliated organizations.       Every society shall have the power to adopt governing documents for the government of the society, the admission of its members, and the management of its affairs. Each society shall have the power to change, alter, add to, or amend such governing documents and shall have such other powers as are necessary and incidental to carrying into effect the objects and purposes of the society.     History. Source: L. 93: Entire article amended with relocations, p. 588, § 1, effective July 1.    Editor's note:   This section is similar to former § 10-14-113 (1)(b) and (6) as they existed prior to 1993, and the former § 10-14-105 was relocated to § 10-14-401 .