reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 28-2107 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 21 - Assignment for Benefit of Creditors|§ 28-2107. Preferences prohibited

A provision in a voluntary assignment made for the payment of one debt or liability in preference to another is void, and all debts and liabilities within the provisions of the assignment shall be paid pro rata from the assets. This section does not affect the priority of liens and incumbrances created bona fide and existing before the execution of the assignment.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 669, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2107. 1973 Ed., § 28-2107.
DC Code § 28-2108 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 21 - Assignment for Benefit of Creditors|§ 28-2108. Proceedings for benefit of all creditors

A proceeding instituted under this chapter by one or more creditors is deemed to be for the equal benefit of all creditors, but the court may make such allowance to the creditor or creditors instituting the same, out of the fund to be distributed, or expenses, including counsel fees, as may be just and equitable.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 669, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2108. 1973 Ed., § 28-2108.
DC Code § 28-2109 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 21 - Assignment for Benefit of Creditors|§ 28-2109. Assignment to hinder or defraud creditors

This chapter does not prevent a creditor otherwise entitled from attacking an assignment as made to hinder or defraud the creditors of the assignor. When the court finds an assignment to have been made with that intent, it may enjoin any proceeding thereunder, and upon finally decreeing the assignment to be void may appoint a trustee with power to take possession of all the property of the debtor, and may make and enforce all orders necessary to put him in possession of the property. The trustee shall qualify in the same manner and perform the same duties as the trustees provided for by this chapter.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 669, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2109. 1973 Ed., § 28-2109. Cross References Fraudulent conveyances, see § 28-3101 et seq.
DC Code § 28-2110 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 21 - Assignment for Benefit of Creditors|§ 28-2110. Notice to creditors

The court shall require a trustee, whether named in the assignment or appointed by the court, in pursuance of this chapter, to give notice as the court may think proper to all the creditors of the assignor to produce and prove their respective claims against the assignor before the auditor of the court, to the end that they may be fairly adjudicated and the creditors may share equally the assets of the insolvent assignor, subject, however, to any legal priorities created by valid incumbrances antedating the assignment.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 669, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2110. 1973 Ed., § 28-2110.
DC Code § 28-2301 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 23 - Assignment of Choses in Action|§ 28-2301. Assignment of judgment or money decree

A judgment or money decree may be assigned in writing, and upon the assignment thereof being filed in the clerk’s office the assignee may maintain an action or sue out an execution on the judgment in his own name, as the original plaintiff might have done.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 669, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2301. 1973 Ed., § 28-2301.
DC Code § 28-2302 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 23 - Assignment of Choses in Action|§ 28-2302. Assignment of bond or obligation

An obligee named in a bond or obligation under seal for the payment of money may assign it in writing and the assignee may maintain an action thereon in his own name.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 669, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2302. 1973 Ed., § 28-2302.
DC Code § 28-2303 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 23 - Assignment of Choses in Action|§ 28-2303. Assignment of nonnegotiable contract

An owner of a nonnegotiable written agreement for the payment of money, including a nonnegotiable bill of exchange and a promissory note, or for the delivery of personal property, an open account, debt, and demand of a liquidated character, except a claim against the United States or the salary of a public officer, may assign it in writing, and the assignee may maintain an action thereon in his own name.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 669, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2303. 1973 Ed., § 28-2303. Cross References Judicial procedure, counterclaims, effect of assignment, see § 13-502. Liens on motor vehicles or trailers, assignment, see §§ 50-1208 and 50-1209. Retirement of public school teachers, nonassignability of annuities, see § 38-2001.17.
DC Code § 28-2304 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 23 - Assignment of Choses in Action|§ 28-2304. General assignments including choses in action

In a general assignment which includes choses in action, it is not necessary to execute a separate assignment of each chose in action, but the assignee, by virtue of the general assignment, may sue in his own name on the several choses in action included therein.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 670, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2304. 1973 Ed., § 28-2304.
DC Code § 28-2305 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 23 - Assignment of Choses in Action|§ 28-2305. Contract to assign future salary or wages

(a) A contract attempting or purporting to transfer or assign salary or wages to be earned by the debtor, if made in the District of Columbia, is invalid and contrary to public policy and unenforceable, and if made outside the District of Columbia, is unenforceable in any court within the District of Columbia. (b) Whoever, in the District of Columbia demands or receives from a debtor an assignment of salary or wages to be thereafter earned by the debtor, or notifies an employer that he holds an assignment of such salary or wages, upon conviction shall be fined not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01] or imprisoned not more than sixty days. Prosecutions under this subsection shall be upon information filed in the Criminal Division of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia by the Corporation Counsel of the District of Columbia or one of his assistants.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 670, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 570, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 155(a); June 11, 2013, D.C. Law 19-317, § 285(a), 60 DCR 2064.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2305. 1973 Ed., § 28-2305. Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 19-317 substituted “not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01]” for “not more than $200” in (b). Emergency Legislation For temporary (90 days) amendment of this section, see § 285(a) of the Criminal Fine Proportionality Emergency Act of 2013 (D.C. Act 20-45, April 1, 2013, 60 DCR 5400, 20 DCSTAT 1300). Editor's Notes Applicability of D.C. Law 19-317: Section 401 of D.C. Law 19-317 provided that the act shall apply only to offenses committed on or after June 11, 2013.
DC Code § 28-2501 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 25 - Bonds and Undertakings|§ 28-2501. Definitions

A bond, when required by or referred to in this Code, means an obligation in a certain sum or penalty, subject to a condition, on breach of which it is to become absolute and enforceable by action. An undertaking means an agreement entered into by a party to a suit or proceeding, with or without sureties, upon which a judgment or decree may be rendered in the same suit or proceeding against the party and his sureties, if any, the party and sureties submitting themselves to the jurisdiction of the court for that purpose.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 670, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2501. 1973 Ed., § 28-2501. Cross References Attachment and garnishment, affidavits and bonds, see § 16-501. Sureties, see § 16-4101 et seq. Undertakings in replevin, see § 16-3704.
DC Code § 28-2502 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 25 - Bonds and Undertakings|§ 28-2502. Action on bonds in a penal sum containing an avoidance condition

A bond in a penal sum, containing a condition that it shall be void on the payment of a certain sum of money, or the performance of an act or of certain duties, has the same effect for the purpose of maintaining an action upon it as if it contained a covenant to pay the money or perform the act or the duties specified in the condition. But the damages to be recovered for a breach, or successive breaches, of the condition, as against the sureties therein, may not exceed the penalty of the bond.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 670, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2502. 1973 Ed., § 28-2502. Section References This section is referenced in § 15-106. Cross References Judgments and decrees, damages assessed in actions on bonds or penal sums, see § 15-106.
DC Code § 28-2503 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 25 - Bonds and Undertakings|§ 28-2503. Action on bond to United States — Interest by private person

When a bond is executed to the United States by a fiduciary or public officer, conditioned for the performance of certain duties, in the performance of which private persons are interested, a person aggrieved by a breach of the condition may maintain an action thereon in his own name against the obligor and his sureties to recover damages for the injury suffered by him in consequence of the breach. The custodian of the bond shall furnish a certified copy thereof to the party for that purpose on payment of the legal fees therefor.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 670, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2503. 1973 Ed., § 28-2503.
DC Code § 28-2504 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 25 - Bonds and Undertakings|§ 28-2504. Fiduciary’s bond — Discharge only after accounting

A person appointed by order or decree of the court to a fiduciary office may not discharge his bond for the due performance of his duties, by receipts, releases, or acquittances from himself, as attorney for parties interested, to himself as fiduciary; but the funds or estate for the application whereof he is responsible shall be considered as remaining in his hands, and the bond shall continue in force as against both principal and sureties until the funds or estate are fully accounted for and paid over or delivered to the parties interested therein, or their attorney, other than himself.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 671, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2504. 1973 Ed., § 28-2504.
DC Code § 28-2901 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2901. Definitions

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) “assignment” includes a written stock power, bond power, bill of sale, deed, declaration of trust or other instrument of transfer; (2) “claim of beneficial interest” includes a claim of any interest by a decedent’s legatee, distributee, heir or creditor, a beneficiary under a trust, a ward, a beneficial owner of a security registered in the name of a nominee, or a minor owner of a security registered in the name of a custodian, or a claim of a similar interest, whether the claim is asserted by the claimant, or by a fiduciary, or by any other authorized person on his behalf, and includes a claim that the transfer would be in breach of fiduciary duties; (3) “corporation” means a private or public corporation, association, or trust issuing a security; (4) “fiduciary” means an executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, committee, conservator, curator, tutor, custodian, or nominee; (5) “person” includes an individual, a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or other legal or commercial entity; (6) “security” includes a share of stock, bond, debenture, note, or other security issued by a corporation which is registered as to ownership on the books of the corporation; (7) “transfer” means a change on the books of a corporation in the registered ownership of a security; (8) “transfer agent” means a person employed or authorized by a corporation to transfer securities issued by the corporation.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 672, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2901. 1973 Ed., § 28-2901. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 1 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2902 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2902. Registration in name of a fiduciary

A corporation or transfer agent registering a security in the name of a person who is a fiduciary or who is described as a fiduciary is not bound to inquire into the existence, extent, or correct description of the fiduciary relationship, and thereafter the corporation and its transfer agent may assume without inquiry that the newly registered owner continues to be the fiduciary until the corporation or transfer agent receives written notice that the fiduciary is no longer acting as such with respect to the particular security.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 672, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2902. 1973 Ed., § 28-2902. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 2 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2903 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2903. Assignment by fiduciary

Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, a corporation or transfer agent making a transfer of a security pursuant to an assignment by a fiduciary: (1) may assume without inquiry that the assignment, even though to the fiduciary himself or his nominee, is within his authority and capacity and is not in breach of his fiduciary duties; (2) may assume without inquiry that the fiduciary has complied with any controlling instrument and with the law of the jurisdiction governing the fiduciary relationship, including any law requiring the fiduciary to obtain court approval of the transfer; and (3) is not charged with notice of and is not bound to obtain or examine any court record or recorded or unrecorded document relating to the fiduciary relationship or the assignment, even though the record or document is in its possession.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 673, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2903. 1973 Ed., § 28-2903. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 3 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2904 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2904. Evidence of appointment of incumbency

A corporation or transfer agent making a transfer pursuant to an assignment by a fiduciary who is not the registered owner shall require the following evidence of appointment or incumbency: (1) in the case of a fiduciary appointed or qualified by a court, a certificate issued by or under the direction or supervision of the court or an officer thereof, and dated within sixty days before the transfer; or (2) in any other case, a copy of a document showing the appointment or a certificate issued by or on behalf of a person reasonably believed by the corporation or transfer agent to be responsible or, in the absence of such a document or certificate, other evidence reasonably deemed by the corporation or transfer agent to be appropriate. Corporations and transfer agents may adopt reasonable standards with respect to evidence of appointment or incumbency under this subsection. Neither the corporation nor transfer agent is charged with notice of the contents of any document obtained pursuant to this subsection except to the extent that the contents relate directly to the appointment or incumbency.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 673, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2904. 1973 Ed., § 28-2904. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 4 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2905 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2905. Adverse claims

(a) A person asserting a claim of beneficial interest adverse to the transfer of a security pursuant to an assignment by a fiduciary may notify in writing the corporation or transfer agent of the claim. The corporation or transfer agent is not put on notice unless the written notice (1) identifies the claimant, the registered owner, and the issue of which the security is a part, (2) provides an address for communications directed to the claimant, and (3) is received before the transfer. This chapter does not relieve the corporation or transfer agent of any liability for making or refusing to make the transfer after it is so put on notice, unless it proceeds in the manner authorized by subsection (b). (b) As soon as practicable after the presentation of a security for transfer pursuant to an assignment by a fiduciary, a corporation or transfer agent which has received notice of a claim of beneficial interest adverse to the transfer may send notice of the presentation by registered or certified mail to the claimant at the address given by him. If the corporation or transfer agent so mails such a notice it shall withhold the transfer for thirty days after the mailing and shall then make the transfer unless restrained by a court order.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 673, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2905. 1973 Ed., § 28-2905. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 5 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2906 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2906. Nonliability of corporation and transfer agent

A corporation or transfer agent does not incur liability to any person by making a transfer or otherwise acting in a manner authorized by this chapter.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 674, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2906. 1973 Ed., § 28-2906. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 6 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2907 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2907. Nonliability of third persons

(a) A person who participates in the acquisition, disposition, assignment or transfer of a security by or to a fiduciary including a person who guarantees the signature of the fiduciary is not liable for participation in any breach of fiduciary duty by reason of failure to inquire whether the transaction involves such a breach unless it is shown that he acted with actual knowledge that the proceeds of the transaction were being or were to be used wrongfully for the individual benefit of the fiduciary or that the transaction was otherwise in breach of duty. (b) When a corporation or transfer agent makes a transfer pursuant to an assignment by a fiduciary, a person who guaranteed the signature of the fiduciary is not liable on the guarantee to any person to whom the corporation or transfer agent by reason of this chapter incurs no liability. (c) This section does not impose any liability upon the corporation or its transfer agent.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 674, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2907. 1973 Ed., § 28-2907. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 7 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2908 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2908. Territorial application

(a) The rights and duties of a corporation and its transfer agents in registering a security in the name of a fiduciary or in making a transfer of a security pursuant to an assignment by a fiduciary are governed by the law of the jurisdiction under whose laws the corporation is organized. (b) This chapter applies to the rights and duties of a person other than the corporation and its transfer agents with regard to acts and omissions in the District of Columbia in connection with the acquisition, disposition, assignment or transfer of a security by or to a fiduciary and of a person who guarantees in the District of Columbia the signature of a fiduciary in connection with such a transaction.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 674, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2908. 1973 Ed., § 28-2908. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 8 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-2909 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 29 - Fiduciary Security Transfers|§ 28-2909. Tax obligations

This chapter does not affect any obligation of a corporation or transfer agent with respect to estate, inheritance, succession, or other taxes imposed by the laws of the District of Columbia.  (Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 674, Pub. L. 88-509, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-2909. 1973 Ed., § 28-2909. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 9 of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers.
DC Code § 28-3102 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 28 - Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]|Chapter 31 - Fraudulent Conveyances|§ 28-3102. Insolvency

(a) A debtor is insolvent if the sum of the debtor’s debts is greater than all of the debtor’s assets, at a fair valuation. (b) A debtor who is generally not paying his or her debts as they become due is presumed to be insolvent. (c) A partnership is insolvent under subsection (a) of this section if the sum of the partnership’s debts is greater than the aggregate, at a fair valuation, of all of the partnership’s assets, and the sum of the excess of the value of each general partner’s nonpartnership assets over the partner’s nonpartnership debts. (d) Assets under this section do not include property that has been transferred, concealed, or removed with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under this chapter. (e) Debts under this section do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset.  (Feb. 9, 1996, D.C. Law 11-83, § 2, 42 DCR 6773.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 28-3102. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 2 of the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act.