reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CT Gen Stat § 45a-440. (Formerly Sec. 45-287) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-440. (Formerly Sec. 45-287) - Simultaneous death; disposition of property.

 (a) When no sufficient evidence of survivorship. When the title to property or the devolution thereof depends upon priority of death and there is no sufficient evidence that the persons have died otherwise than simultaneously, the property of each person shall be disposed of as if he had survived, except as provided otherwise in this section.(b) Successive beneficiaries. When two or more beneficiaries are designated to take successively by reason of survivorship under another person's disposition of property and there is no sufficient evidence that such beneficiaries have died otherwise than simultaneously, the property thus disposed of shall be divided into as many equal portions as there are successive beneficiaries and such portions shall be distributed respectively to those who would have taken in the event that each designated beneficiary had survived.(c) Joint tenants. When there is no sufficient evidence that two joint tenants have died otherwise than simultaneously, the property so held shall be distributed one-half as if one had survived and one-half as if the other had survived. If there are more than two joint tenants and all of them have so died, the property thus distributed shall be in the proportion that one bears to the whole number of joint tenants.(d) Life or accident insurance. When the insured and the beneficiary in a policy of life or accident insurance have died and there is no sufficient evidence that they have died otherwise than simultaneously, the proceeds of the policy shall be distributed as if the insured had survived the beneficiary.(e) Applicability. This section shall not apply to the distribution of the property of a person who died before October 1, 1943, and shall not apply in the case of wills, living trusts, deeds or contracts of insurance wherein provision had been made for distribution of property otherwise than as provided by this section.(1949 Rev., S. 7070.)History: Sec. 45-287 transferred to Sec. 45a-440 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-287:Cited. 16 CS 442. Proceeds paid to estate of beneficiary who died in a common disaster with insured may be recovered by estate of insured. 20 CS 355.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-440a. (Formerly Sec. 45-287a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-440a. (Formerly Sec. 45-287a) - When deaths of husband and wife presumed simultaneous.

 It shall be presumed that the deaths of husband and wife were simultaneous when there is no evidence to indicate the priority of death of either.(1949 Rev., S. 7048.)History: Sec. 45-261 transferred to Sec. 45-287a in 1981; Sec. 45-287a transferred to Sec. 45a-440a in 1991.Annotation to former section 45-261:Where husband and wife perish in same disaster and there is no conclusive evidence who died first, method provided for distribution in statute will apply. 16 CS 441.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-441. (Formerly Sec. 45-276a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-441. (Formerly Sec. 45-276a) - Death of devisee or legatee.

 When a devisee or legatee, being a child, stepchild, grandchild, brother or sister of the testator, dies before him, and no provision has been made in the will for such contingency, the issue of such devisee or legatee shall take the estate so devised or bequeathed.(1949 Rev., S. 6954; P.A. 87-355, S. 2.)History: Sec. 45-176 transferred to Sec. 45-276a in 1981; P.A. 87-355 applied provisions to stepchildren; Sec. 45-276a transferred to Sec. 45a-441 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-176:Cited. 65 C. 41. Creates in effect a gift to the legatee and to his issue in case he dies before testator. 74 C. 144. “Brother” includes half-brother. 79 C. 563. Section applies though will republished after death of legatee. 88 C. 406. Cited. 93 C. 76. Applies to gifts to a class, but will not avail where decedent died before will was made and so never became a member of the class. 97 C. 438. Cited. 124 C. 584; 127 C. 9; 159 C. 35.Statute extended to cover situation where a brother of the testator died before the will was executed; the legacies were distributed per stirpes. 11 CS 133.Annotations to present section:Cited. 218 C. 220.Statute is intended to prevent unintended disinheritance and intestacy, is remedial and should be read liberally and therefore, in this case, allows heirs of deceased beneficiary to inherit even where will named beneficiary “if she survives me” because will contained no contingent provisions for share of estate in the event of beneficiary's death. 93 CA 432.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-442. (Formerly Sec. 45-276b) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-442. (Formerly Sec. 45-276b) - Lapsed devises of real property.

 When a specific devise of real property in any will executed after October 1, 1947, is void or lapses or for any other reason fails to take effect, the real property so devised, except as provided in section 45a-441, in the absence of any provision in the will for such contingency, shall pass under and be disposed of by the residuary clause in the will.(1949 Rev., S. 6955; P.A. 80-476, S. 325.)History: P.A. 80-476 substituted “real property” for “real estate”; Sec. 45-177 transferred to Sec. 45-276b in 1981; Sec. 45-276b transferred to Sec. 45a-442 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-443. (Formerly Sec. 45-285) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-443. (Formerly Sec. 45-285) - Shares may be set out in real or personal property.

 After the share or interest of the husband or wife has been distributed and set out, in the distribution of any estate, the share or interest of any distributee of the estate may be distributed and set out to such distributee in real or personal property, or both.(1949 Rev., S. 7068; P.A. 80-476, S. 326.)History: P.A. 80-476 substituted “personal property” for “personal estate” and made other minor changes; Sec. 45-285 transferred to Sec. 45a-443 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-444. (Formerly Sec. 45-282) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-444. (Formerly Sec. 45-282) - Distribution of real property held by different titles.

 When different parcels of real property have descended to the same persons as heirs of different intestates or have been devised to the same devisees by different testators, the court of probate having jurisdiction of the several estates of such deceased persons may cause such real property to be distributed among such joint owners by distributors appointed for that purpose, in the same manner as though the whole of such real property were held under one and the same title. Such distribution, when accepted by the court, shall be valid.(1949 Rev., S. 7065; P.A. 80-476, S. 327.)History: P.A. 80-476 substituted “real property” for “real estate” and made minor changes in wording; Sec. 45-282 transferred to Sec. 45a-444 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-445. (Formerly Sec. 45-283) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-445. (Formerly Sec. 45-283) - Distribution of proceeds of deceased minor's real property.

 The proceeds of the real property of any minor sold under an order or decree of any court empowered to order such sale and any investment of such proceeds which have not been expended for such minor according to law shall, in case of his decease, be distributed as such real property would have been if unsold.(1949 Rev., S. 7066; P.A. 80-476, S. 328.)History: P.A. 80-476 rephrased provisions and substituted “real property” for “real estate”; Sec. 45-283 transferred to Sec. 45a-445 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-446. (Formerly Sec. 45-277) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-446. (Formerly Sec. 45-277) - Distribution when heir, legatee or distributee is presumed to be dead. Liability of fiduciary.

 (a) If, at any hearing before a court of probate on an application for an order for the distribution of the estate or for the payment of legacies provided for in the will of a deceased person whose estate is in process of settlement in the court, it is found by the court that any person who if living would be an heir at law of such decedent, or a legatee or distributee under such will, has been absent from his home and unheard of for a period of seven years or more next prior to the date of the death of the decedent and until the date of such hearing, the court shall find as a presumptive fact that such person died prior to the death of the decedent whose estate is in settlement, and shall order such distribution of the estate or payment of such legacies as would have been made if such person was known to have died prior to the death of the decedent whose estate is in settlement.(b) After such administration and distribution, the fiduciary shall not be liable to the person so presumed to be dead in any action for the recovery of the estate.(1949 Rev., S. 7061; P.A. 80-476, S. 329; P.A. 94-79, S. 2.)History: P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs. and rephrased provisions; Sec. 45-277 transferred to Sec. 45a-446 in 1991; P.A. 94-79 deleted former Subsec. (b) that had required a person entitled to receive a legacy or distribution pursuant to Subsec. (a) to post a surety bond in the event the person presumed to be dead reappears and demands the amount paid or distributed, provided that the legacy or amount to be distributed be placed at interest if such person fails to post a bond with the interest paid annually to the person entitled to receive such estate, and prohibited the payment or distribution without the required security until five years after the death of the person whose estate is in settlement and replaced Subsec. (c) re liability of the fiduciary, distributee and legatee to the person presumed to be dead and to his executors, administrators, heirs or assigns with new Subsec. (b) re liability of the fiduciary to the person presumed to be dead in any action for the recovery of the estate.Annotations to former section 45-277:Heir taking under section may plead statute of limitations to suit to recover brought by missing heir. 90 C. 569.Superior Court cannot determine heirs and distributees, only Probate Court may. 7 CS 106.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-449. (Formerly Sec. 45-278) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-449. (Formerly Sec. 45-278) - Property due person residing outside United States.

 When it appears that a legatee, distributee, cestui or beneficiary not residing within the territorial limits of the United States of America or any territory or possession thereof would not have the benefit or use or control of property due him or that special circumstances make it desirable that delivery to him be deferred, any court of probate may in its discretion order: (1) That such legacy or distributive share be paid in whole or in part, to the executor, administrator, trustee or interested party for use by him in the purchase of goods such as food, clothing, medicine and the necessities of life to be sent to such legatee, distributee, cestui or beneficiary and that thereafter the executor, administrator, trustee or interested person account to the court indicating the purchase of such goods and forwarding the receipt for the same sent by said legatee, distributee, cestui or beneficiary; or (2) that such property be converted into available funds and paid to the State Treasurer, to be invested by him at his discretion and, together with any proceeds thereof, to be held subject to such further order as such court may enter, provided the reasonable fees, as allowed by such court, of the attorney for any such legatee, distributee, cestui or beneficiary whose funds are payable to the State Treasurer hereunder shall be considered a lien thereon and shall be paid by the fiduciary having such funds in charge to such attorney prior to payment to the State Treasurer.(1951, 1953, S. 2946d; 1967, P.A. 781.)History: 1967 act added provisions designated as Subdiv. (1) re payments to executor, administrator, etc. for use in purchase of food, clothing, medicine etc.; Sec. 45-278 transferred to Sec. 45a-449 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-278:Cited. 153 C. 545. In absence of finding or offer of proof of power of attorney appellant claimed was given him by Lithuanian legatee whose funds were held by State Treasurer, order of Probate Court releasing funds to Lithuanian consul at request of legatee was affirmed. 156 C. 547.Court held beneficiaries in Poland would have full use, benefit and control of inherited funds. 25 CS 187.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-450. (Formerly Sec. 45-286) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-450. (Formerly Sec. 45-286) - Descent or distribution of real property to be recorded.

 (a) When the real property of any deceased person, or any part thereof or interest therein, is devised or distributed or set out to the devisee or devisees, heir or heirs or spouse of such decedent or is legally divided by the voluntary act of all the persons interested therein or descends to the heir or heirs or spouse of such decedent, the fiduciary of the estate of such decedent shall, within one month thereafter, or, in case of descent to the heir or heirs or spouse of such decedent, within one month after the acceptance by the court of the final administration account of such fiduciary, procure from the judge, clerk or assistant clerk of the court of probate having jurisdiction of the settlement of the estate of such decedent, and cause to be recorded in the land records of each of the towns in which such real property is situated, a certificate signed by such judge, clerk or assistant clerk. Such certificate shall contain the name and place of residence of each person to whom such real property, or any portion thereof or interest therein, is distributed, set out or divided or descends, and a particular description of the estate, portion or interest distributed, set out or divided or descending to each person.(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, a court of probate may, upon request of the fiduciary responsible for filing the account and after such notice and hearing as the court may order, issue a certificate as provided in said subsection prior to the acceptance of a final administration account if it finds that issuing such certificate is in the best interests of the parties in interest.(c) If any fiduciary fails to perform the duties imposed upon him by the provisions of this section, he shall be fined not more than twenty-five dollars.(1949 Rev., S. 7069; P.A. 77-15; P.A. 80-476, S. 332; P.A. 90-16.)History: P.A. 77-15 deleted provision which set fee for making certificate of distribution at same rate as fee for copies of probate records and which specified that fees are to be paid as part of expenses of settling the estate; P.A. 80-476 divided section into Subsecs., substituted “property” for “estate”, “spouse” for “husband or wife” and “fiduciary” for “executor or administrator” and made other minor wording changes; P.A. 90-16 inserted new Subsec. (b) re issuance of certificate prior to acceptance of final account, relettering form Subsec. (b) as (c); Sec. 45-286 transferred to Sec. 45a-450 in 1991.See Sec. 12-363 re duty of surviving joint tenant to obtain and record in land records a certificate concerning death of co-owner and payment of succession tax.Annotation to former section 45-286:Cited. 13 CA 45.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-451. (Formerly Sec. 45-286a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-451. (Formerly Sec. 45-286a) - Securing of interest of remainderman in personal property after life estate.

 When a life estate in any personal property is given by will to one with remainder to another, and there is no trustee named for such property during the continuance of the life estate therein, the court of probate having jurisdiction of such will may order the executor to deliver such personal property to the person having the life estate upon his giving a probate bond. It shall be the duty of the person having the life estate thereupon to safely and properly keep such property to be delivered to the person entitled to receive it on the determination of the life estate therein. If such person fails to give bond as provided in this section, the court shall appoint a trustee for such property during the continuance of such life estate who shall give a probate bond. The annual expense of such trust shall be chargeable upon the annual income of such property.(1949 Rev., S. 6971; P.A. 80-227, S. 17, 24; 80-476, S. 333.)History: P.A. 80-227 required trustee to give probate bond, effective July 1, 1981; P.A. 80-476 rephrased provisions and substituted “property” for “estate”; Sec. 45-183 transferred to Sec. 45-286a in 1981; Sec. 45-286a transferred to Sec. 45a-451 in 1991.Annotations to former section 45-183:At common law, life tenant of personal property may be compelled to give security in case of real danger of loss or removal. 8 C. 363; 13 C. 46; 34 C. 178. Section applies to all life legatees. 44 C. 463. Section does not interfere with powers of courts of equity in similar cases. 53 C. 172. Will may direct otherwise. 57 C. 201. Bond covers trustee's duties on termination of life estate. 60 C. 542. No other security or protection can be ordinarily required. Id., 541. Under what circumstances bond may be required. 65 C. 181, Id., 227; 69 C. 415; 71 C. 157. No bond can be required of a tenant in tail of personal property. 72 C 31. Life tenant may be restrained by injunction from using fund until bond given, where she has been wasting it. 80 C. 413. Statute applies to life tenant who is in effect a trustee. 91 C. 464. Bond is for protection of all persons interested in remainder, including persons entitled thereto through exercise of power of appointment given to life tenant. 124 C. 429. Statute does not apply to determinable fee; to obtain security in such case, application should be made to court of equity having jurisdiction. 129 C. 353.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-452. (Formerly Sec. 45-287b) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-452. (Formerly Sec. 45-287b) - When property escheats to the state. Procedure.

 When a probate court cannot identify or locate the person entitled to a distribution of property from an estate or trust being administered by it, or when a probate court determines that no person is entitled to any property on hand for distribution, the probate court shall order distribution of such property to the State Treasurer as abandoned property in accordance with the provisions of part III of chapter 32. A probate court shall cause reasonable efforts to be made to identify and locate the person entitled to the property for distribution before ordering distribution as abandoned property. Nothing in this section shall prevent a court of probate from approving an agreement pursuant to section 45a-434 provided all undetermined or missing distributees are represented by counsel and any such agreement is signed by such counsel.(1949 Rev., S. 7078; 1961, P.A. 540, S. 26; P.A. 80-476, S. 334; P.A. 95-316, S. 12.)History: 1961 act specified that when no owner of estate can be found estate shall be presumed abandoned; P.A. 80-476 restated provisions; Sec. 45-296 transferred to Sec. 45-287b in 1981; Sec. 45-287b transferred to Sec. 45a-452 in 1991; P.A. 95-316 entirely replaced former provisions with probate procedure re distribution of abandoned property to State Treasurer.See Secs. 3-57a, 3-59a–3-64a re presumption of abandonment of property or ownership interest in business.Annotation to former section 45-296:Cited. 141 C. 471.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-458. (Formerly Sec. 45-298a) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-458. (Formerly Sec. 45-298a) - Short title: Connecticut Uniform Disposition of Community Property Rights at Death Act.

 Sections 45a-458 to 45a-466, inclusive, may be cited as the “Connecticut Uniform Disposition of Community Property Rights at Death Act”.(P.A. 85-340, S. 1.)History: Sec. 45-298a transferred to Sec. 45a-458 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-459. (Formerly Sec. 45-298b) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-459. (Formerly Sec. 45-298b) - Application of chapter.

 The provisions of sections 45a-458 to 45a-466, inclusive, shall apply to the disposition at death of the following property acquired by a married person:(1) All personal property, wherever situated: (A) Which was acquired as, or became and remained, community property under the laws of another jurisdiction; or (B) all or the proportionate part of that property acquired with the rents, issues or income of, or the proceeds from or in exchange for, that community property; or (C) traceable to that community property;(2) All or the proportionate part of any real property situated in this state which was acquired with the rents, issues or income of, or the proceeds from or in exchange for, property acquired as, or which became and remained, community property under the laws of another jurisdiction, or property traceable to that community property.(P.A. 85-340, S. 2.)History: Sec. 45-298b transferred to Sec. 45a-459 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-460. (Formerly Sec. 45-298c) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-460. (Formerly Sec. 45-298c) - Rebuttable presumptions.

 In determining the applicability of the provisions of sections 45a-458 to 45a-466, inclusive, to specific property, the following rebuttable presumptions apply:(1) Property acquired during marriage by a spouse of the marriage while domiciled in a jurisdiction under whose laws property could then be acquired as community property is presumed to have been acquired as, or to have become and remained, property to which sections 45a-458 to 45a-466, inclusive, apply; and(2) Real property situated in this state, and personal property wherever situated, acquired by a married person while domiciled in a jurisdiction under whose laws property could not then be acquired as community property, title to which was taken in a form which created rights of survivorship, is presumed not to be property to which sections 45a-458 to 45a-466, inclusive, apply.(P.A. 85-340, S. 3.)History: Sec. 45-298c transferred to Sec. 45a-460 in 1991.
CT Gen Stat § 45a-461. (Formerly Sec. 45-298d) (2020)
2020 Connecticut General Statutes|Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure|Chapter 802b - Decedents' Estates|Section 45a-461. (Formerly Sec. 45-298d) - Disposition of property at death.

 Upon death of a married person, one-half of the property to which sections 45a-458 to 45a-466, inclusive, apply is the property of the surviving spouse and is not subject to testamentary disposition by the decedent or distribution under the laws of succession of this state. One-half of such property is the property of the decedent and is subject to testamentary disposition or distribution under the laws of succession of this state. With respect to property to which sections 45a-458 to 45a-466, inclusive, apply, the one-half of the property which is the property of the decedent is not subject to the right of the surviving spouse to elect against the will.(P.A. 85-340, S. 4.)History: Sec. 45-298d transferred to Sec. 45a-461 in 1991.