reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 19-317 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Intestates’ Estates|§ 19-317. Trust estates

When a trustee is seized of the naked legal estate in real estate in fee simple, and dies intestate thereof, the legal estate descends according to section 19-301 to the persons who would inherit the beneficial estate if it were vested in them.  (Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 699, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-317. 1973 Ed., § 19-317. Section References This section is referenced in § 22-3571.02.
DC Code § 19-318 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Intestates’ Estates|§ 19-318. Antenuptial children

When a man has a child by a woman whom he afterwards marries, the child, if acknowledged by the man, is, in virtue of the marriage and acknowledgment, legitimated and capable in law of inheriting and transmitting heritable property as if born in wedlock.  (Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 699, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-318. 1973 Ed., § 19-318.
DC Code § 19-319 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Intestates’ Estates|§ 19-319. Advancements

(a) If a child or descendant has been advanced by the intestate during the intestate’s lifetime, by settlement or portion, real estate or personal estate, the value thereof is reckoned for the purposes of descent and distribution as part of the estate of the intestate descendible and to be divided among his heirs or distributed to his distributees. Where the advancement is equal to or greater than a share, the child or descendant is excluded from any further share in the estate of the intestate and is not liable to refund any part of the amount so advanced; but the surviving spouse has no advantage by bringing the advancement into reckoning. Where the advancement is less than a share, the child or descendant receives so much, only, of the personal estate, and inherits so much, only, of the real estate, of the intestate, as is sufficient to make all the shares of all the children in the whole property, including the advancement, equal. The value of real or personal estate so advanced shall be estimated according to the worth thereof when given. Maintenance or education of a child or descendant, or giving him money or real estate, without a view to a portion or settlement in life, is not an advancement. (b) Where an advancement to be adjusted, as provided by subsection (a) of this section, consisted of real estate, the adjustment shall be made out of the real estate descendible to the heirs. Where the advancement was in personal estate, the adjustment shall be made out of the surplus of the personal estate to be distributed to the distributees. Where either species of estate is insufficient to enable the adjustment to be fully made, the deficiency shall be adjusted out of the other.  (Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 699, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-319. 1973 Ed., § 19-319. Section References This section is referenced in § 19-307.
DC Code § 19-320 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Intestates’ Estates|§ 19-320. Felonious homicide as barring inheritance; insurance policies; bona fide purchasers

(a) A person convicted of felonious homicide of another person, by way of murder or manslaughter, takes no estate or interest in property of any kind from that other person by way of: (1) inheritance, distribution, devise, or bequest; or (2) remainder, reversion, or executory devise dependent upon the death of the other person. The estate, interest, or property to which the person so convicted would have succeeded or would have taken in any way from or after the death of the decedent goes, instead, as if the person so convicted had died before the decedent. (b) Policies of insurance directly or indirectly procured by a person convicted as specified by subsection (a) of this section, for his own benefit or payable to him upon the life of the person killed by him, are void. (c) This section does not affect the rights of bona fide purchasers of property specified by subsection (a) of this section, for value and without notice.  (Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 700, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-320. 1973 Ed., § 19-320. Section References This section is referenced in § 19-604.13.
DC Code § 19-321 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Intestates’ Estates|§ 19-321. Descent through alien ancestor no bar

In making title by descent it is no bar to a party claiming as heir that an ancestor, whether living or dead, through whom he derives his descent from the intestate, is or has been an alien.  (Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 700, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-321. 1973 Ed., § 19-321.
DC Code § 19-322 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 3 - Intestates’ Estates|§ 19-322. Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter, the term “domestic partner” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(3).  (Apr. 4, 2006, D.C. Law 16-79, § 5(o), 53 DCR 1035.)
DC Code § 19-501 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-501. Definitions

For the purposes of the chapter, the term: (1) “Co-owners with right of survivorship” includes joint tenants, tenants by the entireties, and other co-owners of property or accounts held under circumstances that entitles one or more to the whole of the property or account on the death of the other or others. (2) “Governing instrument” means a deed, will, trust, insurance or annuity policy, account with POD designation, pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or similar benefit plan, instrument creating or exercising a power of appointment or a power of attorney, or a dispositive, appointive, or nominative instrument of any similar type. (3) “Payor” means a trustee, insurer, business entity, employer, government, governmental agency, subdivision, or instrumentality, or any other person authorized or obligated by law or a governing instrument to make payments.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-501. 1973 Ed., § 19-501. Editor's Notes This section was previously enacted by section 1 of Public Law 89-183, 79 Stat. 700, but repealed by implication by D.C. Law 13-292. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 1 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-502 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-502. Requirement of survival by 120 hours under probate laws

(a) Except as provided in section 19-506, if the title to property, the devolution of property, the right to elect an interest in property, or the right to exempt property, homestead or family allowance depends upon an individual’s survivorship of the death of another individual, an individual who is not established by clear and convincing evidence to have survived the other individual by 120 hours is deemed to have predeceased the other individual. (b) This section does not apply if its application would result in a taking of intestate estate by the District of Columbia.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-502. 1973 Ed., § 19-502. Section References This section is referenced in § 19-604.13. Editor's Notes This section was previously enacted by section 1 of Public Law 89-183, 79 Stat. 700, but repealed by implication by D.C. Law 13-292. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 2 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-503 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-503. Requirement of survival by 120 hours under governing instruments

Except as provided in section 19-506 , for purposes of a provision of a governing instrument that relates to an individual surviving an event, including the death of another individual, an individual who is not established by clear and convincing evidence to have survived the event by 120 hours is deemed to have predeceased the event.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-503. 1973 Ed., § 19-503. Editor's Notes This section was previously enacted by section 1 of Public Law 89-183, 79 Stat. 700, but repealed by implication by D.C. Law 13-292. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 3 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-504 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-504. Co-owners with right of survivorship; requirement of survival by 120 hours

Except as provided in section 19-506 : (1) If it is not established by clear and convincing evidence that one of 2 co-owners with right of survivorship survived the other co-owner by 120 hours, one-half of the property passes as if one had survived by 120 hours and one-half as if the other had survived by 120 hours; and (2) If there are more than 2 co-owners and it is not established by clear and convincing evidence that at least one of them survived the others by 120 hours, the property passes in the proportion that one bears to the whole number of co-owners.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-504. 1973 Ed., § 19-504. Editor's Notes This section was previously enacted by section 1 of Public Law 89-183, 79 Stat. 700, but repealed by implication by D.C. Law 13-292. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 4 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-505 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-505. Evidence of death or status

In addition to the rules of evidence, the following rules relating to a determination of death and status apply: (1) Death occurs when an individual is determined to be dead under section 7-601. (2) A certified or authenticated copy of a death certificate purporting to be issued by an official or agency of the place where the death purportedly occurred is prima facie evidence of the fact, place, date, and time of death and the identity of the decedent. (3) A certified or authenticated copy of any record or report of a governmental agency, domestic or foreign, that an individual is missing, detained, dead, or alive is prima facie evidence of the status and of the dates, circumstances, and places disclosed by the record or report. (4) In the absence of prima facie evidence of death under paragraph (2) or (3) of this subsection, the fact of death may be established by clear and convincing evidence, including circumstantial evidence. (5) If an individual is presumed to be dead under section 14-701, the individual’s death is presumed to have occurred at the end of the period unless there is sufficient evidence for determining that death occurred earlier. (6) In the absence of evidence disputing the time of death stipulated on a document described in paragraph (2) or (3) of this subsection, a document described in paragraph (2) or (3) that stipulates a time of death 120 hours or more after the time of death of another individual, however the time of death of the other individual is determined, establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the individual survived the other individual by 120 hours.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-505. 1973 Ed., § 19-505. Editor's Notes This section was previously enacted by section 1 of Public Law 89-183, 79 Stat. 700, but repealed by implication by D.C. Law 13-292. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 5 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-506 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-506. Exceptions

Survival by 120 hours is not required if: (1) The governing instrument contains language dealing explicitly with simultaneous deaths or deaths in a common disaster and that language is operable under the facts of the case; (2) The governing instrument expressly indicates that an individual is not required to survive an event, including the death of another individual, by any specified period or expressly requires the individual to survive the event for a specified period, but survival of the event or the specified period must be established by clear and convincing evidence; (3) The imposition of a 120-hour requirement of survival would cause a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment to fail to qualify for validity under section 19-901(a) (1), (b) (1), or (c) (1) or to become invalid under section 19-901(a) (2), (b) (2), or (c) (2), but survival must be established by clear and convincing evidence; or (4) The application of a 120-hour requirement of survival to multiple governing instruments would result in an unintended failure or duplication of a disposition, but survival must be established by clear and convincing evidence.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Prior Codifications 1981 Ed., § 19-506. 1979 Ed., § 19-506. Section References This section is referenced in § 19-502, § 19-503, and § 19-504. References in Text “This part,” referred to in subsec. (b), is Division III of the D.C. Official Code, Decedents’ Estates and Fiduciary Relations. Editor's Notes This section was previously enacted by section 1 of Public Law 89-183, 79 Stat. 700, but repealed by implication by D.C. Law 13-292. Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 6 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-508 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-508. Uniformity of application and construction

This chapter shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among the states enacting it.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 8 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-509 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 5 - Simultaneous Deaths; Uniform Law|§ 19-509. Application to existing relationships

On the effective date of this chapter [April 27, 2001]: (1) An act done before the effective date in any proceeding and any accrued right is not impaired by this chapter. If a right is acquired, extinguished, or barred upon the expiration of a prescribed period of time that has commenced to run by the provisions of any statute before the effective date, the provisions remain in force with respect to that right; and (2) Any rule of construction or presumption provided in this chapter applies to instruments executed and multiple-party accounts opened before the effective date unless there is a clear indication of a contrary intent.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 202, 48 DCR 2087.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 12 of the Uniform Simultaneous Death Act (1993 Act).
DC Code § 19-901 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities; Uniform Law|§ 19-901. Statutory rule against perpetuities

(a) A nonvested property interest is invalid unless: (1) When the interest is created, it is certain to vest or terminate no later than 21 years after the death of an individual then alive; or (2) The interest either vests or terminates within 90 years after its creation. (b) A general power of appointment not presently exercisable because of a condition precedent is invalid unless: (1) When the power is created, the condition precedent is certain to be satisfied or becomes impossible to satisfy no later than 21 years after the death of an individual then alive; or (2) The condition precedent either is satisfied or becomes impossible to satisfy within 90 years after its creation. (c) A nongeneral power of appointment or a general testamentary power of appointment is invalid unless: (1) When the power is created, it is certain to be irrevocably exercised or otherwise to terminate no later than 21 years after the death of an individual then alive; or (2) The power is irrevocably exercised or otherwise terminates within 90 years after its creation. (d) In determining whether a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment is valid under subsection (a)(1), (b)(1), or (c)(1) of this section, the possibility that a child will be born to an individual after the individual’s death is disregarded. (e) If, in measuring a period from the creation of a trust or other property arrangement, language in a governing instrument (1) seeks to disallow the vesting or termination of any interest or trust beyond, (2) seeks to postpone the vesting or termination of any interest or trust until, or (3) seeks to operate in effect in any similar fashion upon, the later of (A) the expiration of a period of time not exceeding 21 years after the death of the survivor of specified lives in being at the creation of the trust or other property arrangement or (B) the expiration of a period of time that exceeds or might exceed 21 years after the death of the survivor of lives in being at the creation of the trust or other property arrangement, that language is inoperative to the extent it produces a period of time that exceeds 21 years after the death of the survivor of the specified lives.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 402(b), 48 DCR 2087.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 19-506, § 19-902, § 19-903, and § 19-904. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 1 of the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities Act.
DC Code § 19-902 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities; Uniform Law|§ 19-902. When nonvested property interest or power of appointment is created

(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section and in section 19-905(a), the time of creation of a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment is determined under general principles of property law. (b) For purposes of this chapter, if there is a person who alone can exercise a power created by a governing instrument to become the unqualified beneficial owner of a nonvested property interest or a property interest subject to a power of appointment described in section 19-901(b) or (c), the nonvested property interest or power of appointment is created when the power to become the unqualified beneficial owner terminates. (c) For purposes of this chapter, a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment arising from a transfer of property to a previously funded trust or other existing property arrangement is created when the nonvested property interest or power of appointment in the original contribution was created.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 402(b), 48 DCR 2087.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 2 of the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities Act.
DC Code § 19-903 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities; Uniform Law|§ 19-903. Reformation

Upon the petition of an interested person, a court shall reform a disposition in the manner that most closely approximates the transferor’s manifested plan of distribution and is within the 90 years allowed by section 19-901(a)(2) , (b)(2), or (c)(2) if: (1) A nonvested property interest or a power of appointment becomes invalid under section 19-901; (2) A class gift is not but might become invalid under section 19-901 and the time has arrived when the share of any class member is to take effect in possession or enjoyment; or (3) A nonvested property interest that is not validated by section 19-901(a)(1) can vest but not within 90 years after its creation.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 402(b), 48 DCR 2087.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 3 of the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities Act.
DC Code § 19-905 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities; Uniform Law|§ 19-905. Prospective application

(a) Except as extended by subsection (b) of this section, this chapter applies to a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment that is created on or after the effective date of this chapter [April 27, 2001]. For purposes of this section, a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment created by the exercise of a power of appointment is created when the power is irrevocably exercised or when a revocable exercise becomes irrevocable. (b) If a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment was created before the effective date of this chapter [April 27, 2001] and is determined in a judicial proceeding, commenced on or after the effective date of this chapter [April 27, 2001], to violate the District of Columbia’s rule against perpetuities as that rule existed before the effective date of this chapter [April 27, 2001], a court, upon the petition of an interested person, may reform the disposition in the manner that most closely approximates the transferor’s manifested plan of distribution and is within the limits of the rule against perpetuities applicable when the nonvested property interest or power of appointment was created.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 402(b), 48 DCR 2087.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 19-902. Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 5 of the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities Act.
DC Code § 19-906 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities; Uniform Law|§ 19-906. Supersession

This chapter supersedes the rule of the common law known as the rule against perpetuities.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 402(b), 48 DCR 2087.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 9 of the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities Act.
DC Code § 19-907 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 19 - Descent, Distribution, and Trusts. [Enacted title]|Chapter 9 - Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities; Uniform Law|§ 19-907. Uniformity of application and construction

In applying and construing this Uniform Act [this chapter], consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to the subject matter among states enacting it.  (Apr. 27, 2001, D.C. Law 13-292, § 402(b), 48 DCR 2087.)  Editor's Notes Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 7 of the Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities Act.