reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.1 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7 - Competency of Witnesses.|§ 8-58.1 - Injured party as witness when medical charges at issue.

 8-58.1. Injured party as witness when medical charges at issue.(a) Whenever an issue of hospital, medical, dental, pharmaceutical, or funeral charges arises in any civil proceeding, the injured party or his guardian, administrator, or executor is competent to give evidence regarding the amount paid or required to be paid in full satisfaction of such charges, provided that records or copies of such charges showing the amount paid or required to be paid in full satisfaction of such charges accompany such testimony.(b) The testimony of a person pursuant to subsection (a) of this section establishes a rebuttable presumption of the reasonableness of the amount paid or required to be paid in full satisfaction of the charges. However, in the event that the provider of hospital, medical, dental, pharmaceutical, or funeral services gives sworn testimony that the charge for that provider's service either was satisfied by payment of an amount less than the amount charged, or can be satisfied by payment of an amount less than the amount charged, then with respect to that provider's charge only, the presumption of the reasonableness of the amount charged is rebutted and a rebuttable presumption is established that the lesser satisfaction amount is the reasonable amount of the charges for the testifying provider's services. For the purposes of this subsection, the word "provider" shall include the agent or employee of a provider of hospital, medical, dental, pharmaceutical, or funeral services, or a person with responsibility to pay a provider of hospital, medical, dental, pharmaceutical, or funeral services on behalf of an injured party.(c) The fact that a provider charged for services provided to the injured person establishes a permissive presumption that the services provided were reasonably necessary but no presumption is established that the services provided were necessary because of injuries caused by the acts or omissions of an alleged tortfeasor.  (1983, c. 776, s. 1; 2011-283, s. 1.2; 2011-317, s. 1.1.)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.50 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.50 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note). Purpose.

 8-58.50. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note). Purpose.(a) In order to encourage owners and operators of facilities and persons conducting activities regulated under those portions of the General Statutes set forth in G.S. 8-58.52, or conducting activities regulated under other environmental laws, to conduct voluntary internal environmental audits of their compliance programs and management systems and to assess and improve compliance with statutes, an environmental audit privilege is recognized to protect the confidentiality of communications relating to voluntary internal environmental audits.(b) Nothing in this Article shall be construed to protect owners and operators of facilities and regulated persons from a criminal investigation or prosecution carried out by any appropriate governmental entity.(c) Any privilege granted by this Article shall apply only to those communications, oral or written, pertaining to and made in connection with the environmental audit and shall not apply to the facts relating to the violation itself.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.51 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.51 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Definitions.

 8-58.51. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Definitions.The following definitions apply in this Article:(1) "Department" means the Department of Environmental Quality.(2) "Enforcement agencies" means the Department, any other agency of the State, and units of local government responsible for enforcement of environmental laws.(3) "Environmental audit" means a voluntary, internal evaluation or review of one or more facilities or an activity at one or more facilities regulated under federal, State, regional, or local environmental law, or of compliance programs or management systems related to the facility or activity if designed to identify and prevent noncompliance and to improve compliance with these laws. For the purposes of this Article, an environmental audit does not include an environmental site assessment of a facility conducted solely in anticipation of the purchase, sale, or transfer of the business or facility. An environmental audit may be conducted by the owner or operator, the parent corporation of the owner or operator or by their officers or employees, or by independent contractors. An environmental audit must be a discrete activity with a specified beginning date and scheduled ending date reflecting the auditor's bona fide intended completion schedule.(4) "Environmental audit report" means a document marked or identified as such with a completion date existing either individually or as a compilation prepared in connection with an environmental audit. An environmental audit report may include field notes and records of observations, findings, opinions, suggestions, recommendations, conclusions, drafts, memoranda, drawings, photographs, computer-generated or electronically recorded information, maps, charts, graphs, and surveys, provided the supporting information is collected or developed for the primary purpose and in the course of an environmental audit. An environmental audit report, when completed, may include all of the following components:a. An audit report prepared by an auditor, which may include the scope and date of the audit and the information gained in the audit, together with exhibits and appendices and may include conclusions, recommendations, exhibits, and appendices.b. Memoranda and documents analyzing any portion of the audit report or issues relating to the implementation of an audit report.c. An implementation plan that addresses correcting past noncompliance, improving current compliance, or preventing future noncompliance.(5) "Environmental laws" means all provisions of federal, State, and local laws, rules, and ordinances pertaining to environmental matters.  (2015-241, s. 14.30(u); 2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.52 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.52 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Applicability.

 8-58.52. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Applicability.(a) This Article applies to activities regulated under environmental laws, including all of the following provisions of the General Statutes, and rules adopted thereunder:(1) Article 7 of Chapter 74.(2) Chapter 104E.(3) Article 25 of Chapter 113.(4) Articles 1, 4, and 7 of Chapter 113A.(5) Article 9 of Chapter 130A, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section.(6) Articles 21, 21A, and 21B of Chapter 143.(7) Part 1 of Article 7 of Chapter 143B.(b) This Article shall not apply to activities regulated under the Coal Ash Management Act of 2014 under Part 2I of Article 9 of Chapter 130A of the General Statutes and rules promulgated pursuant to that Part.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.54 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.54 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Waiver of privilege.

 8-58.54. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Waiver of privilege.(a) The privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53 does not apply to the extent that it is expressly waived in writing by the owner or operator of a facility at which an environmental audit was conducted and who prepared or caused to be prepared the audit report as a result of the audit.(b) The audit report and information generated by the audit may be disclosed without waiving the privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53 to all of the following persons:(1) A person employed by the owner or operator or the parent corporation of the audited facility.(2) A legal representative of the owner or operator or parent corporation.(3) An independent contractor retained by the owner or operator or parent corporation to conduct an audit on or to address an issue or issues raised by the audit.(c) Disclosure of an audit report or information generated by the audit under all of the following circumstances shall not constitute a waiver of the privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53:(1) Disclosure made under the terms of a confidentiality agreement between the owner or operator of the facility audited and a potential purchaser of the business or facility audited.(2) Disclosure made under the terms of a confidentiality agreement between governmental officials and the owner or operator of the facility audited.(3) Disclosure made under the terms of a confidentiality agreement between a customer, lending institution, or insurance company with an existing or proposed relationship with the facility.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.55 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.55 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Notification of audit.

 8-58.55. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Notification of audit.In order to assert the privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53, the owner or operator of the facility conducting the environmental audit shall, upon inspection of the facility by an enforcement agency, or no later than 10 working days after completion of an agency's inspection, notify the enforcement agency of the existence of any audit relevant to the subject of the agency's inspection, as well as the beginning date and completion date of that audit. Any environmental audit report shall include a signed certification from the owner or operator of the facility that documents the date the audit began and the completion date of the audit.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.56 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.56 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Revocation of privilege in civil and administrative proceedings.

 8-58.56. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Revocation of privilege in civil and administrative proceedings.In a civil or administrative proceeding, an enforcement agency may seek by motion a declaratory ruling on the issue of whether an environmental audit report is privileged. The court shall revoke the privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53 for an audit report if the factors set forth in this section apply. In a civil proceeding, the court, after an in camera review, shall revoke the privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53 if the court determines that disclosure of the environmental audit report was sought after the effective date of this Article and either of the following apply:(1) The privilege is asserted for purposes of deception or evasion.(2) The material shows evidence of significant noncompliance with applicable environmental laws; the owner or operator of the facility has not promptly initiated and pursued with diligence appropriate action to achieve compliance with these environmental laws or has not made reasonable efforts to complete any necessary permit application; and, as a result, the owner or operator of the facility did not or will not achieve compliance with applicable environmental laws or did not or will not complete the necessary permit application within a reasonable period of time.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.57 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.57 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Privilege in criminal proceedings.

 8-58.57. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Privilege in criminal proceedings.The privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53 is not applicable in any criminal proceeding.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.58 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.58 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Burden of proof.

 8-58.58. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Burden of proof.A party asserting the privilege established under G.S. 8-58.53 has the burden of proving that (i) the materials claimed as privileged constitute an environmental audit report as defined by this Article, and (ii) compliance has been achieved or will be achieved within a reasonable period of time. A party seeking disclosure under G.S. 8-58.56 has the burden of proving the condition for disclosure set forth in that section.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.59 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.59 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Stipulations; declaratory rulings.

 8-58.59. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Stipulations; declaratory rulings.The parties to a proceeding may at any time stipulate to entry of an order directing that specific information contained in an environmental audit report is or is not subject to the privilege. In the absence of an ongoing proceeding, where the parties are not in agreement, an enforcement agency may seek a declaratory ruling from a court on the issue of whether the materials are privileged under G.S. 8-58.53 and whether the privilege, if existing, should be revoked pursuant to G.S. 8-58.56.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.60 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.60 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Construction of Article.

 8-58.60. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Construction of Article.Nothing in this Article limits, waives, or abrogates any of the following:(1) The scope or nature of any statutory or common law privilege, including the work-product privilege or the attorney-client privilege.(2) Any existing ability or authority under State law to challenge privilege.(3) An enforcement agency's ability to obtain or use documents or information that the agency otherwise has the authority to obtain under State law adopted pursuant to federally delegated programs.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.62 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.62 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Additional limitations on exercise of privilege or immunity.

 8-58.62. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Additional limitations on exercise of privilege or immunity.An owner or operator of a facility who makes a voluntary disclosure of a violation of environmental laws discovered through performance of an environmental audit shall only be entitled to exercise of the privilege or immunity established by this Article once in a two-year period, not more than twice in a five-year period, and not more than three times in a 10-year period.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-58.63 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 7D - Environmental Audit Privilege and Limited Immunity.|§ 8-58.63 - (Article has a contingent effective date see note) Preemption of local laws.

 8-58.63. (Article has a contingent effective date - see note) Preemption of local laws.No local law, rule, ordinance, or permit condition may circumvent or limit the privilege established by this Article or the exercise of the privileges or the presumption and immunity established by this Article.  (2015-286, s. 4.1(a).)
NC Gen Stat § 8-59 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 8 - Attendance of Witness.|§ 8-59 - Issue and service of subpoena.

 8-59. Issue and service of subpoena.In obtaining the testimony of witnesses in causes pending in the trial divisions of the General Court of Justice, subpoenas shall be issued and served in the manner provided in Rule 45 of the Rules of Civil Procedure for civil actions. Provided that in criminal cases any employee of a local law-enforcement agency may effect service of a subpoena for the attendance of witnesses by telephone communication with the person named. However, in the case of a witness served by telephone communication pursuant to this section, neither an order to show cause nor an order for arrest shall be issued until such person has been served personally with the written subpoena. (1777, c. 115, s. 36, P.R.; R.C., c. 31, s. 59; Code, s. 1355; Rev., s. 1639; C.S., s. 1803; 1959, c. 522, s. 2; 1967, c. 954, s. 3; 1971, c. 381, s. 5; 1981, c. 267; 1989, c. 262, s. 2.)
NC Gen Stat § 8-61 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 8 - Attendance of Witness.|§ 8-61 - Subpoena for the production of documentary evidence.

 8-61. Subpoena for the production of documentary evidence.Subpoenas for the production of records, books, papers, documents, or tangible things may be issued in criminal actions in the same manner as provided for civil actions in Rule 45 of the Rules of Civil Procedure. (1797, c. 476, P.R.; R.C., c. 31, s. 81; Code, s. 1372; Rev., s. 1641; C.S., s. 1805; 1967, c. 954, s. 3; c. 1168.)
NC Gen Stat § 8-63 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 8 - Attendance of Witness.|§ 8-63 - Witnesses attend until discharge; effect of nonattendance.

 8-63. Witnesses attend until discharge; effect of nonattendance.Every witness, being summoned to appear in any of the said courts, in manner before directed, shall appear accordingly, and, subject to the provisions of G.S. 6-51, continue to attend from session to session until discharged, when summoned in a civil action or special proceeding, by the court or the party at whose instance such witness shall be summoned, or, when summoned in a criminal prosecution, until discharged by the court, the prosecuting officer, or the party at whose instance he was summoned; and in default thereof shall forfeit and pay, in civil actions or special proceedings, to the party at whose instance the subpoena issued, the sum of forty dollars ($40.00), to be recovered by motion in the cause, and shall be further liable to his action for the full damages which may be sustained for the want of such witness's testimony; or if summoned in a criminal prosecution shall forfeit and pay eighty dollars ($80.00) for the use of the State, or the party summoning him. If the civil action or special proceeding shall, in the vacation, be compromised and settled between the parties, and the party at whose instance such witness was summoned should omit to discharge him from further attendance, and for want of such discharge he shall attend the next session, in that case the witness, upon oath made of the facts, shall be entitled to a ticket from the clerk in the same manner as other witnesses, and shall recover from the party at whose instance he was summoned the allowance which is given to witnesses for their attendance, with costs.No execution shall issue against any defaulting witness for the forfeiture aforesaid but after notice made known to him to show cause against the issuing thereof; and if sufficient cause be shown of his incapacity to attend, execution shall not issue, and the witness shall be discharged of the forfeiture without costs; but otherwise the court shall, on motion, award execution for the forfeiture against the defaulting witness. (1777, c. 115, ss. 37, 38, 43, P.R.; 1799, c. 528, P.R.; 1801, c. 591, P.R.; R.C., c. 31, ss. 60, 61, 62; Code, s. 1356; Rev., s. 1643; C.S., s. 1807; 1965, c. 284; 1971, c. 381, s. 12.)
NC Gen Stat § 8-64 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 8 - Attendance of Witness.|§ 8-64 - Witnesses exempt from civil arrest.

 8-64. Witnesses exempt from civil arrest.Every witness shall be exempt from arrest in civil actions or special proceedings during his attendance at any court, or before a commissioner, arbitrator, referee, or other person authorized to command the attendance of such witness, and during the time such witness is going to and returning from the place of such attendance, allowing one day for every thirty miles such witness has to travel to and from his place of residence. (1777, c. 115, s. 44, P.R.; R.C., c. 31, s. 70; Code, s. 1367; Rev., s. 1644; C.S., s. 1808.)
NC Gen Stat § 8-65 through 8-70 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 9 - Attendance of Witnesses from without State.|§ 8-65 through 8-70 - through 8-Transferred to §§ 15A-811 through 15A-816 by Session Laws 1973, c. 1286, s. 9.

 8-65 through 8-70. Transferred to 15A-811 through 15A-816 by Session Laws 1973, c. 1286, s. 9.
NC Gen Stat § 8-74 (2021)
2021 North Carolina General Statutes|Chapter 8 - Evidence|Article 10 - Depositions.|§ 8-74 - Depositions for defendant in criminal actions.

 8-74. Depositions for defendant in criminal actions.In all criminal actions, hearings and investigations it shall be lawful for the defendant in any such action to make affidavit before the clerk of the superior court of the county in which said action is pending, that it is important for the defense that he have the testimony of any person, whose name must be given, and that such person is so infirm, or otherwise physically incapacitated, or nonresident of this State, that he cannot procure his attendance at the trial or hearing of said cause. Upon the filing of such affidavit, it shall be the duty of the clerk to appoint some responsible person to take the deposition of such witness, which deposition may be read in the trial of such criminal action under the same rules as now apply by law to depositions in civil actions: provided, that the district attorney or prosecuting attorney of the district, county or town in which such action is pending have 10 days' notice of the taking of such deposition, who may appear in person or by representative to conduct the cross-examination of such witness. (Code, s. 1357; 1891, c. 522; 1893, c. 80; Rev., s. 1652; 1915, c. 251; C.S., s. 1812; 1971, c. 381, s. 6; 1973, c. 47, s. 2.)