reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CA Civ Code § 43.93 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 43.93.

43.93.  (a) For the purposes of this section the following definitions are applicable:(1) “Psychotherapy” means the professional treatment, assessment, or counseling of a mental or emotional illness, symptom, or condition.(2) “Psychotherapist” means a physician and surgeon specializing in the practice of psychiatry, a psychologist, a psychological assistant, a marriage and family therapist, a registered marriage and family therapist intern or trainee, an educational psychologist, an associate clinical social worker, a licensed clinical social worker, a professional clinical counselor, or a registered clinical counselor intern or trainee.(3) “Sexual contact” means the touching of an intimate part of another person. “Intimate part” and “touching” have the same meanings as defined in subdivisions (f) and (d), respectively, of Section 243.4 of the Penal Code. For the purposes of this section, sexual contact includes sexual intercourse, sodomy, and oral copulation.(4) “Therapeutic relationship” exists during the time the patient or client is rendered professional service by the psychotherapist.(5) “Therapeutic deception” means a representation by a psychotherapist that sexual contact with the psychotherapist is consistent with or part of the patient’s or former patient’s treatment.(b) A cause of action against a psychotherapist for sexual contact exists for a patient or former patient for injury caused by sexual contact with the psychotherapist, if the sexual contact occurred under any of the following conditions:(1) During the period the patient was receiving psychotherapy from the psychotherapist.(2) Within two years following termination of therapy.(3) By means of therapeutic deception.(c) The patient or former patient may recover damages from a psychotherapist who is found liable for sexual contact. It is not a defense to the action that sexual contact with a patient occurred outside a therapy or treatment session or that it occurred off the premises regularly used by the psychotherapist for therapy or treatment sessions. No cause of action shall exist between spouses within a marriage.(d) In an action for sexual contact, evidence of the plaintiff’s sexual history is not subject to discovery and is not admissible as evidence except in either of the following situations:(1) The plaintiff claims damage to sexual functioning.(2) The defendant requests a hearing prior to conducting discovery and makes an offer of proof of the relevancy of the history, and the court finds that the history is relevant and the probative value of the history outweighs its prejudicial effect.The court shall allow the discovery or introduction as evidence only of specific information or examples of the plaintiff’s conduct that are determined by the court to be relevant. The court’s order shall detail the information or conduct that is subject to discovery.(Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 381, Sec. 16. (SB 146) Effective January 1, 2012.)
CA Civ Code § 43.96 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 43.96.

43.96.  (a) Any medical or podiatric society, health facility licensed or certified under Division 2 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Health and Safety Code, state agency as defined in Section 11000 of the Government Code, or local government agency that receives written complaints related to the professional competence or professional conduct of a physician and surgeon or doctor of podiatric medicine from the public shall inform the complainant that the Medical Board of California or the California Board of Podiatric Medicine, as the case may be, is the only authority in the state that may take disciplinary action against the license of the named licensee, and shall provide to the complainant the address and toll-free telephone number of the applicable state board.(b) The immunity provided in Section 2318 of the Business and Professions Code and in Section 47 shall apply to complaints and information made or provided to a board pursuant to this section.(Amended by Stats. 1995, Ch. 708, second Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 1996.)
CA Civ Code § 43.97 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 43.97.

43.97.  There shall be no monetary liability on the part of, and no cause of action for damages, other than economic or pecuniary damages, shall arise against, a hospital for any action taken upon the recommendation of its medical staff, or against any other person or organization for any action taken, or restriction imposed, which is required to be reported pursuant to Section 805 of the Business and Professions Code, if that action or restriction is reported in accordance with Section 805 of the Business and Professions Code. This section shall not apply to an action knowingly and intentionally taken for the purpose of injuring a person affected by the action or infringing upon a person’s rights.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 36. Effective January 1, 2007.)
CA Civ Code § 43.98 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 43.98.

43.98.  (a) There shall be no monetary liability on the part of, and no cause of action shall arise against, any consultant on account of any communication by that consultant to the Director of the Department of Managed Health Care or any other officer, employee, agent, contractor, or consultant of the Department of Managed Health Care, when that communication is for the purpose of determining whether health care services have been or are being arranged or provided in accordance with the Knox-Keene Health Care Service Plan Act of 1975 (Chapter 2.2 (commencing with Section 1340) of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code) and any regulation adopted thereunder and the consultant does all of the following:(1) Acts without malice.(2) Makes a reasonable effort to obtain the facts of the matter communicated.(3) Acts with a reasonable belief that the communication is warranted by the facts actually known to the consultant after a reasonable effort to obtain the facts.(4) Acts pursuant to a contract entered into on or after January 1, 1998, between the Commissioner of Corporations and a state licensing board or committee, including, but not limited to, the Medical Board of California, or pursuant to a contract entered into on or after January 1, 1998, with the Commissioner of Corporations pursuant to Section 1397.6 of the Health and Safety Code.(5) Acts pursuant to a contract entered into on or after July 1, 2000, between the Director of the Department of Managed Health Care and a state licensing board or committee, including, but not limited to, the Medical Board of California, or pursuant to a contract entered into on or after July 1, 1999, with the Director of the Department of Managed Health Care pursuant to Section 1397.6 of the Health and Safety Code.(b) The immunities afforded by this section shall not affect the availability of any other privilege or immunity which may be afforded under this part. Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter the laws regarding the confidentiality of medical records.(Amended by Stats. 2000, Ch. 857, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2001.)
CA Civ Code § 43.100 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 43.100.

43.100.  (a) There shall not be any civil liability on the part of, and no cause of action shall accrue against, a person for property damage or trespass to a motor vehicle, if the damage was caused while the person was rescuing an animal in accordance with subdivision (b) of Section 597.7 of the Penal Code.(b) The immunity from civil liability for property damage to a motor vehicle that is established by subdivision (a) does not affect a person’s civil liability or immunity from civil liability for rendering aid to an animal.(Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 554, Sec. 1. (AB 797) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Civ Code § 43.101 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 43.101.

43.101.  (a) An emergency responder shall not be liable for any damage to an unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system, if that damage was caused while the emergency responder was providing, and the unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system was interfering with, the operation, support, or enabling of the emergency services listed in Section 853 of the Government Code.(b) (1) For purposes of this section, “emergency responder” means either of the following, if acting within the scope of authority implicitly or expressly provided by a local public entity or a public employee of a local public entity to provide emergency services:(A) A paid or an unpaid volunteer.(B) A private entity.(2) All of the following terms shall have the same meaning as the terms as used in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 853) of Part 2 of Division 3.6 of Title 1 of the Government Code:(A) Local public entity.(B) Public employee of a local public entity.(C) Unmanned aircraft.(D) Unmanned aircraft system.(Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 834, Sec. 1. (SB 807) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Civ Code § 43.102 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 43.102.

43.102.  There shall not be any civil liability on the part of, and no cause of action shall accrue against, a person for property damage or trespass to a motor vehicle, if the damage was caused while the person was rescuing a child in accordance with subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 1799.101 of the Health and Safety Code. For purposes of this section, “child” means a child who is six years of age or younger.(Added by Stats. 2020, Ch. 352, Sec. 1. (AB 2717) Effective January 1, 2021.)
CA Civ Code § 44 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 44.

44.  Defamation is effected by either of the following:(a) Libel.(b) Slander.(Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 676, Sec. 39.)
CA Civ Code § 45 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 45.

45.  Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes him to be shunned or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure him in his occupation.(Enacted 1872.)
CA Civ Code § 45a (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 45a.

45a.  A libel which is defamatory of the plaintiff without the necessity of explanatory matter, such as an inducement, innuendo or other extrinsic fact, is said to be a libel on its face. Defamatory language not libelous on its face is not actionable unless the plaintiff alleges and proves that he has suffered special damage as a proximate result thereof. Special damage is defined in Section 48a of this code.(Added by Stats. 1945, Ch. 1489.)
CA Civ Code § 46 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 46.

46.  Slander is a false and unprivileged publication, orally uttered, and also communications by radio or any mechanical or other means which:1. Charges any person with crime, or with having been indicted, convicted, or punished for crime;2. Imputes in him the present existence of an infectious, contagious, or loathsome disease;3. Tends directly to injure him in respect to his office, profession, trade or business, either by imputing to him general disqualification in those respects which the office or other occupation peculiarly requires, or by imputing something with reference to his office, profession, trade, or business that has a natural tendency to lessen its profits;4. Imputes to him impotence or a want of chastity; or5. Which, by natural consequence, causes actual damage.(Amended by Stats. 1945, Ch. 1489.)
CA Civ Code § 47.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 47.5.

47.5.  Notwithstanding Section 47, a peace officer may bring an action for defamation against an individual who has filed a complaint with that officer’s employing agency alleging misconduct, criminal conduct, or incompetence, if that complaint is false, the complaint was made with knowledge that it was false and that it was made with spite, hatred, or ill will. Knowledge that the complaint was false may be proved by a showing that the complainant had no reasonable grounds to believe the statement was true and that the complainant exhibited a reckless disregard for ascertaining the truth.(Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1588, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Code § 48 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 48.

48.  In the case provided for in subdivision (c) of Section 47, malice is not inferred from the communication.(Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 62, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 2004.)
CA Civ Code § 48.5 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 48.5.

48.5.  (1) The owner, licensee or operator of a visual or sound radio broadcasting station or network of stations, and the agents or employees of any such owner, licensee or operator, shall not be liable for any damages for any defamatory statement or matter published or uttered in or as a part of a visual or sound radio broadcast by one other than such owner, licensee or operator, or agent or employee thereof, if it shall be alleged and proved by such owner, licensee or operator, or agent or employee thereof, that such owner, licensee or operator, or such agent or employee, has exercised due care to prevent the publication or utterance of such statement or matter in such broadcast.(2) If any defamatory statement or matter is published or uttered in or as a part of a broadcast over the facilities of a network of visual or sound radio broadcasting stations, the owner, licensee or operator of any such station, or network of stations, and the agents or employees thereof, other than the owner, licensee or operator of the station, or network of stations, originating such broadcast, and the agents or employees thereof, shall in no event be liable for any damages for any such defamatory statement or matter.(3) In no event, however, shall any owner, licensee or operator of such station or network of stations, or the agents or employees thereof, be liable for any damages for any defamatory statement or matter published or uttered, by one other than such owner, licensee or operator, or agent or employee thereof, in or as a part of a visual or sound radio broadcast by or on behalf of any candidate for public office, which broadcast cannot be censored by reason of the provisions of federal statute or regulation of the Federal Communications Commission.(4) As used in this Part 2, the terms “radio,” “radio broadcast,” and “broadcast,” are defined to include both visual and sound radio broadcasting.(5) Nothing in this section contained shall deprive any such owner, licensee or operator, or the agent or employee thereof, of any rights under any other section of this Part 2.(Added by Stats. 1949, Ch. 1258.)
CA Civ Code § 48.7 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 48.7.

48.7.  (a) No person charged by indictment, information, or other accusatory pleading of child abuse may bring a civil libel or slander action against the minor, the parent or guardian of the minor, or any witness, based upon any statements made by the minor, parent or guardian, or witness which are reasonably believed to be in furtherance of the prosecution of the criminal charges while the charges are pending before a trial court. The charges are not pending within the meaning of this section after dismissal, after pronouncement of judgment, or during an appeal from a judgment.Any applicable statute of limitations shall be tolled during the period that such charges are pending before a trial court.(b) Whenever any complaint for libel or slander is filed which is subject to the provisions of this section, no responsive pleading shall be required to be filed until 30 days after the end of the period set forth in subdivision (a).(c) Every complaint for libel or slander based on a statement that the plaintiff committed an act of child abuse shall state that the complaint is not barred by subdivision (a). A failure to include that statement shall be grounds for a demurrer.(d) Whenever a demurrer against a complaint for libel or slander is sustained on the basis that the complaint was filed in violation of this section, attorney’s fees and costs shall be awarded to the prevailing party.(e) Whenever a prosecutor is informed by a minor, parent, guardian, or witness that a complaint against one of those persons has been filed which may be subject to the provisions of this section, the prosecutor shall provide that person with a copy of this section.(f) As used in this section, child abuse has the meaning set forth in Section 11165 of the Penal Code.(Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 253, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Code § 48.8 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 48.8.

48.8.  (a) A communication by any person to a school principal, or a communication by a student attending the school to the student’s teacher or to a school counselor or school nurse and any report of that communication to the school principal, stating that a specific student or other specified person has made a threat to commit violence or potential violence on the school grounds involving the use of a firearm or other deadly or dangerous weapon, is a communication on a matter of public concern and is subject to liability in defamation only upon a showing by clear and convincing evidence that the communication or report was made with knowledge of its falsity or with reckless disregard for the truth or falsity of the communication. Where punitive damages are alleged, the provisions of Section 3294 shall also apply.(b) As used in this section, “school” means a public or private school providing instruction in kindergarten or grades 1 to 12, inclusive.(Added by Stats. 2001, Ch. 570, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2002.)
CA Civ Code § 48.9 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 48.9.

48.9.  (a) An organization which sponsors or conducts an anonymous witness program, and its employees and agents, shall not be liable in a civil action for damages resulting from its receipt of information regarding possible criminal activity or from dissemination of that information to a law enforcement agency.(b) The immunity provided by this section shall apply to any civil action for damages, including, but not limited to, a defamation action or an action for damages resulting from retaliation against a person who provided information.(c) The immunity provided by this section shall not apply in any of the following instances:(1) The information was disseminated with actual knowledge that it was false. (2) The name of the provider of the information was disseminated without that person’s authorization and the dissemination was not required by law.(3) The name of the provider of information was obtained and the provider was not informed by the organization that the disclosure of his or her name may be required by law.(d) As used in this section, an “anonymous witness program” means a program whereby information relating to alleged criminal activity is received from persons, whose names are not released without their authorization unless required by law, and disseminated to law enforcement agencies.(Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 495, Sec. 1.)
CA Civ Code § 49 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 49.

49.  The rights of personal relations forbid:(a) The abduction or enticement of a child from a parent, or from a guardian entitled to its custody;(b) The seduction of a person under the age of legal consent;(c) Any injury to a servant which affects his ability to serve his master, other than seduction, abduction or criminal conversation.(Amended by Stats. 1939, Ch. 1103.)
CA Civ Code § [50.] (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section [50.].

[50.]  Any necessary force may be used to protect from wrongful injury the person or property of oneself, or of a spouse, child, parent, or other relative, or member of one’s family, or of a ward, servant, master, or guest.(Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 50, Sec. 4. (SB 1005) Effective January 1, 2017.)
CA Civ Code § 51.1 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 51.1.

51.1.  If a violation of Section 51, 51.5, 51.7, 51.9, or 52.1 is alleged or the application or construction of any of these sections is in issue in any proceeding in the Supreme Court of California, a state court of appeal, or the appellate division of a superior court, each party shall serve a copy of the party’s brief or petition and brief, on the State Solicitor General at the Office of the Attorney General. No brief may be accepted for filing unless the proof of service shows service on the State Solicitor General. Any party failing to comply with this requirement shall be given a reasonable opportunity to cure the failure before the court imposes any sanction and, in that instance, the court shall allow the Attorney General reasonable additional time to file a brief in the matter.(Added by Stats. 2002, Ch. 244, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2003.)
CA Civ Code § 51.4 (2021)
2021 California Code|Civil Code - CIV|DIVISION 1 - PERSONS|PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS|Section 51.4.

51.4.  (a) The Legislature finds and declares that the requirements for senior housing under Sections 51.2 and 51.3 are more stringent than the requirements for that housing under the federal Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-430) in recognition of the acute shortage of housing for families with children in California. The Legislature further finds and declares that the special design requirements for senior housing under Sections 51.2 and 51.3 may pose a hardship to some housing developments that were constructed before the decision in Marina Point, Ltd. v. Wolfson (1982) 30 Cal.3d 721. The Legislature further finds and declares that the requirement for specially designed accommodations in senior housing under Sections 51.2 and 51.3 provides important benefits to senior citizens and also ensures that housing exempt from the prohibition of age discrimination is carefully tailored to meet the compelling societal interest in providing senior housing.(b) Any person who resided in, occupied, or used, prior to January 1, 1990, a dwelling in a senior citizen housing development that relied on the exemption to the special design requirement provided by this section prior to January 1, 2001, shall not be deprived of the right to continue that residency, occupancy, or use as the result of the changes made to this section by the enactment of Chapter 1004 of the Statutes of 2000.(c) This section shall not apply to the County of Riverside.(Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 37. Effective January 1, 2007.)