reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
CO Code § 13-1-109 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-109. Court May Appoint Trustee

 In all actions in any court of record of this state wherein any defendant is not found within the jurisdiction of the court and constructive service alone is had, and which is brought for the enforcement of an express, implied, or resulting trust, or for the removal of cloud from title to real estate, or for specific performance, or for the establishment of a lost or destroyed deed, conveyance, or instrument in writing, or for the establishment and proof of any conveyance, deed, or instrument in writing not properly proved and acknowledged, or in any other proceeding in rem, or affecting only specific property, where, according to the usual practice in courts of chancery, the court, if the defendant had been personally served, might direct or decree any act to be done or performed by the defendant in favor of plaintiff, the court may appoint a trustee for such defendant to do and perform in the place and stead of and for such defendant the acts required by the decree rendered in any such cause. Any act lawfully done by such trustee, under and in pursuance of any such decree, shall be as binding and effectual for all purposes as if done and performed by the defendant in pursuance of such decree.   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 254, § 1. R.S. 08: § 1408. C.L. § 5622. CSA: C. 46, § 13. CRS 53: § 37-1-10 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-10 .    ANNOTATION   Law reviews. For note, “Decrees in Rem Under the New Rules”, see 13 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 140 (1941). For article, “A Decade of Colorado Law: Conflict of Laws, Security, Contracts and Equity”, see 23 Rocky Mt. L. Rev. 247 (1951).
CO Code § 13-1-110 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-110. Appeal Bond Defective or Insufficient

 If, at any time pending an appeal in any action, suit, or other proceeding, it appears to the appellate court that the appeal bond or undertaking is defective or insufficient or that any surety thereon has died, or has removed or is about to remove from this state, or has become or is likely to become insolvent, such appellate court shall order another appeal bond or undertaking, or such other and further security as to the appellate court seems proper, if the appellant or his attorney of record has been served with at least twenty-four hours' written notice of an application of the appellee for such order. If the appellant fails to comply with said order within ten days after the making of the same, the appeal shall be dismissed.   History. Source: L. 19: P. 113, § 1. C.L. § 5623. CSA: C. 46, § 14. CRS 53: § 37-1-11 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-11 . L. 87: Entire section amended, p. 1575, § 11, effective July 10.    ANNOTATION   The appellate court has full powers of determining the sufficiency of appeal bonds. Brown v. Ohman, 93 Colo. 561 , 27 P.2d 588 (1933).   An objection to the sufficiency of an appeal bond in a lower court cannot be raised for first time on review. Brown v. Ohman, 93 Colo. 561 , 27 P.2d 588 (1933).   In effect this section abolishes motions to dismiss appeals for insufficient bond, and substitutes a motion for new bond, and where no such motion is filed, a motion to dismiss for defective bond is properly overruled. Peters v. Peters, 82 Colo. 503 , 261 P. 874 (1927).   Powers of appellate court. The appellate court can set the amount of an appeal bond, order an additional surety, or approve the signature of a new surety on an old bond. Brown v. Ohman, 93 Colo. 561 , 27 P.2d 588 (1933).   Court can provide for addition of new sureties. If, after the approval of an appeal bond, it is found that a surety is insufficient, this section provides for the addition of new sureties, even after appeal. Zimmerman v. Combs, 91 Colo. 313 , 14 P.2d 693 (1932).   The fact that a new surety signed the first bond instead of new one is immaterial. Where on appeal the surety on the bond died and another was procured, the fact that the latter, through inadvertence, signed the first instead of the new bond, was held immaterial, where the bond signed had endorsed thereon the approval of the court clerk. Brown v. Ohman, 93 Colo. 561 , 27 P.2d 588 (1933).   Filing appeal bond without order fixing amount does not nullify appeal. Where on appeal from county to district court, the county judge entered an order reciting the filing of an appeal bond and its approval, the mere fact that there was no order fixing the amount of the bond did not nullify the appeal. Brown v. Ohman, 93 Colo. 561 , 27 P.2d 588 (1933).   Appeal bond as used in this statute means the cost bond described by C.A.R. 7 and not a supersedeas bond. Hart v. Schwab, 990 P.2d 1131 (Colo. App. 1999).
CO Code § 13-1-111 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-111. Courts of Record

  Each of the following courts shall have a seal and shall be a court of record:   The supreme court;    The district courts;    The county courts;    The juvenile court in the city and county of Denver;    The probate court in the city and county of Denver;    Any court established by law and expressly denominated a court of record;    Repealed.    The court of appeals.        History. Source: L. 1887: P. 212, § 412. Code 08: § 447. Code 21: § 449. Code 35: § 449. CRS 53: § 37-1-12 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-12 . L. 64: P. 224, § 57. L. 72: P. 590, § 53. L. 77: (1)(h) added, p. 279, § 24, effective June 29. L. 79: IP(1) amended, p. 596, § 2, effective July 1. L. 85: (1)(g) repealed, p. 572, § 12, effective November 14, 1986.    ANNOTATION   The acts of a court of record are known by its records. Judicial records are not only necessary but indispensable to the administration of justice. The court judgments can be evidenced only by its records. The acts of a court of record are known by its records alone and cannot be established by parol testimony. The court speaks only through its records, and the judge speaks only through the court. Herren v. People, 147 Colo. 442 , 363 P.2d 1044 (1961).
CO Code § 13-1-112 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-112. Clerk to Keep Seal

 The clerk of each court of record shall keep the seal thereof.   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 212, § 413. Code 08: § 448. Code 21: § 450. Code 35: § 450. CRS 53: § 37-1-13 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-13 .
CO Code § 13-1-113 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-113. Seal - How Attached

  A seal of a court or public officer, when required on any writ, process, or proceeding or to authenticate a copy of any record or document, may be impressed with wax, wafer, or any other substance and then attached to the writ, process, or proceeding or to the copy of the record or document, or it may be impressed on the paper alone or electronically attached to or logically associated with an electronic record or document. When jury summonses, subpoenas, or subpoenas duces tecum are prepared by means of mechanical reproduction, the seal of the summoning court may be printed thereon instead of being impressed.    A seal may also consist of a rubber stamp with a facsimile affixed thereon of the seal required to be used and may be placed or stamped upon the document requiring the seal with indelible ink.     History. Source: L. 1887: P. 198, § 362. Code 08: § 396. Code 21: § 397. Code 35: § 397. CRS 53: § 37-1-14 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-14 . L. 67: P. 70, § 1. L. 75: Entire section R&RE, p. 489, § 4, effective July 14. L. 80: (1) amended, p. 506, § 1, effective March 25. L. 2011: (1) amended,(HB 11-1018), ch. 18, p. 46, § 1, effective March 11.
CO Code § 13-1-114 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-114. Powers of Court

  Every court has power:   To preserve and enforce order in its immediate presence;    To enforce order in the proceedings before it or before a person empowered to conduct a judicial investigation under its authority;    To compel obedience to its lawful judgments, orders, and process and to the lawful orders of its judge out of court in action or proceeding pending therein;    To control, in furtherance of justice, the conduct of its ministerial officers; and    To preserve access to courthouses and court proceedings, prevent interruption of court proceedings, and enforce protection from civil arrest at a courthouse or on its environs pursuant to section 13-1-403.       Any judge of any court, when he reasonably believes that there is a risk of violence in the court, shall immediately advise the law enforcement agency designated to provide security for the court, and the law enforcement agency shall determine and provide appropriate security measures consistent with the degree of risk present. For the purpose of this subsection (2), a district or county judge shall have the assistance of the county sheriff, and a municipal judge shall have the assistance of the municipal police department. The court shall have discretion to assess all or part of the expense incurred in implementing such security measures as costs to be paid by the party or parties or other person or persons determined by the court to have necessitated such security measures.    Any county sheriff or municipal peace officer providing security for persons involved in judicial proceedings in courts pursuant to subsection (2) of this section shall be immune from civil liability for damages except for gross negligence or reckless, wanton, or intentional misconduct.     History. Source: L. 1887: P. 216, § 428. Code 08: § 463. Code 21: § 464. Code 35: § 464. CRS 53: § 37-1-15 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-15 . L. 86: (2) and (3) added, p. 673, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2020: (1)(d) amended and (1)(e) added,(SB 20-083), ch. 63, p. 218, § 2, effective March 23.    ANNOTATION   A county's duties under subsection (2) may not be reduced or ended pursuant to art. X, § 20(9) of the state constitution. State v. Bd. of County Comm'rs, Mesa County, 897 P.2d 788 (Colo. 1995).   Applied in Campbell v. District Court, 304 Colo. 195 , 577 P.2d 1096 (1978).
CO Code § 13-1-115 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-115. Courts May Issue Proper Writs

 The courts have power to issue all writs necessary and proper to the complete exercise of the power conferred on them by the constitution and laws of this state. The district courts have authority in ne exeat proceedings according to the usual practice in such cases in courts of chancery.   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 217, § 434. L. 1891: P. 85, § 1. Code 08: § 469. Code 21: § 470. Code 35: § 470. CRS 53: § 37-1-16 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-16 .    ANNOTATION   The court, in a civil action, has authority to issue a writ of ne exeat to protect the interests of a litigant. Struble v. Hicks, 123 Colo. 16 , 224 P.2d 932 (1950) (decided under repealed § 31 of appendix B, R.C.P. Colo., CSA, 1935, which was similar to this section).   C.R.C.P. 106 merely abolished the form and not the substance of the remedial writs such as the writ of ne exeat. A district court still possesses the authority to issue a writ in the nature of ne exeat, which is designed to prevent a person from leaving the court's jurisdiction. In re People ex rel. B.C., 981 P.2d 145 (Colo. 1999).
CO Code § 13-1-116 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-116. Courts Sit at County Seat

 Every court of record shall sit at the county seat of the county in which it is held, except as may be otherwise provided by law.   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 214, § 418. Code 08: § 453. Code 21: § 455. Code 35: § 455. CRS 53: § 37-1-18 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-18 .    ANNOTATION   A district court can be in session only in its own county. State Bank v. Plummer, 46 Colo. 71 , 102 P. 1082 (1909) (decided under repealed provisions antecedent to § 25 of appendix B, R.C.P. Colo., CSA, 1935).   Moving trial to hospital to hear closing arguments, give instructions to jury, and allow jury to deliberate because of a seriously ill juror did not deprive court of jurisdiction and retrial will not constitute double jeopardy. People v. Higa, 735 P.2d 203 (Colo. App. 1987).   Section 13-5-119 (2) is an exception to the county seat requirement in this section. City of Littleton v. County Comm'rs, 787 P.2d 158 (Colo. 1990).
CO Code § 13-1-117 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-117. Juridical Days

 The courts of justice may be held and judicial business may be transacted on any day except as provided in section 13-1-118 .   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 213, § 415. Code 08: § 450. Code 21: § 452. Code 35: § 452. CRS 53: § 37-1-19 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-19 .    ANNOTATION   There can be no exceptions to statutory days of judicial business. When the law has prescribed a time and place at which the judicial business of the county must be transacted, there can be no exception to the provision, unless it is expressly made by statute. State Bank v. Plummer, 46 Colo. 71 , 102 P. 1082 (1909); Scott v. Stutheit, 21 Colo. App. 28, 121 P. 151 (1912) (decided under repealed provisions antecedent to § 25 of appendix B, R.C.P. Colo., CSA, 1935).
CO Code § 13-1-118 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-118. Judicial Holidays

  No court shall be opened nor shall any judicial business be transacted on Sunday or any legal holiday except for the following purposes:   To give, upon their request, instruction to a jury then deliberating on their verdict;    To receive a verdict or discharge a jury;    For the exercise of the powers of a judge in a criminal action or in a proceeding of a criminal nature;    When it appears by the affidavit of the plaintiff, or someone in his behalf, in cases for the recovery of specific personal property, that the defendant is about to conceal, dispose of, or remove such property out of the jurisdiction of the court, an order for taking possession of the same may be issued and the writ or process executed on any day;    When an application for writ of attachment is made, if it shall appear by the affidavit of the plaintiff, or someone in his behalf, that the defendant is about to dispose of, conceal, or remove property subject to execution or attachment out of the jurisdiction of the court, a writ of attachment may be issued and executed on any day.       When the day fixed for the opening of a court falls on any of the days mentioned in this section, the court shall stand adjourned until the next succeeding day.     History. Source: L. 1887: P. 213, § 416. Code 08: § 451. Code 21: §§ 451, 453. Code 35: § 453. CRS 53: § 37-1-20 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-20 .    ANNOTATION   Verdicts may be received on a judicial holiday. Receiving a verdict is a ministerial act performed for the jury in a judicial proceeding. The weight of authority is to the end that verdicts, the result of trials started and concluded before Sunday, may be received on Sunday and statutory holidays. Carr v. People, 99 Colo. 477 , 63 P.2d 1221 (1936) (decided under repealed § 23 of appendix B, R.C.P. Colo., CSA, 1935, which was similar to this section).   Judgment entered on legal holiday not void and becomes effective next business day. Subsection (1) does not provide that any judicial business transacted in violation of its provisions is void. Rather, the statute is silent as to the effect of any order entered or other judicial business transacted in violation of its prohibitions. Subsection (2) provides that the effect of having a day fixed for the opening of a court that falls on a prohibited day is that “the court shall stand adjourned until the next succeeding day.” Thus, the effect of the trial court's entry of an order reviving judgment on a legal holiday was not to invalidate the order but, rather, merely to postpone its effective date until the next day the courts were open. Arvada 1st Indus. Bank v. Hutchison, 15 P.3d 292 (Colo. App. 2000).
CO Code § 13-1-119 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-119. Judgment Record and Register of Actions Open for Inspection

 The judgment record and register of actions shall be open at all times during office hours for the inspection of the public without charge, and it is the duty of the clerk to arrange the several records kept by him in such manner as to facilitate their inspection. In addition to paper records, such information may also be presented on microfilm or computer terminal.   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 166, § 231. Code 08: § 250. Code 21: § 251. Code 35: § 251. CRS 53: § 37-1-21 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-21 . L. 79: Entire section amended, p. 596, § 3, effective July 1.    ANNOTATION   The court did not err by taking judicial notice of defendant's probation status after determining the status from the state computer system. Since this section and Crim. P. 55 expressly approve of records kept and maintained in a state computer system, the court may take judicial notice of the court records contained in the system. People v. Linares-Guzman, 195 P.3d 1130 (Colo. App. 2008).
CO Code § 13-1-119.5 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-119.5. Electronic Access to Name Index and Register of Actions

  Statewide electronic read-only access to the name index and register of actions of public case types must be made available to the following agencies or attorneys appointed by the court:   County departments, as defined in section 19-1-103, and attorneys who represent the county departments as county attorneys, as defined in section 19-1-103, as it relates to the attorneys' work representing the county;    The office of the state public defender, created in section 21-1-101, C.R.S.;    Guardians ad litem under contract with the office of the child's representative, created in section 13-91-104, or authorized by the office of the child's representative to act as a guardian ad litem, as it relates to a case in which they are appointed by the court;    Attorneys under contract with the office of the alternate defense counsel, created in section 21-2-101, C.R.S., as it relates to a case in which they are appointed by the court;    A respondent parent's counsel under contract with the office of the respondent parents' counsel, created in section 13-92-103, or authorized by the office of the respondent parents' counsel to act as a respondent parent's counsel, as it relates to a case in which they are appointed by the court;    Criminal justice agencies as described in section 24-72-302 (3); and    A licensed attorney working with a nonprofit association pursuant to the provisions of section 19-1-304 (7)(f).       The supreme court may adopt rules regarding access to the name index and register of actions, including rules identifying confidential information maintained in the system and state requirements for using the confidential information. All agencies with access pursuant to subsection (1) of this section shall ensure that individuals who use the system receive training on appropriate usage and confidentiality of register of action information. Additionally, the state court administrator may monitor the use of the system and information through audits and the review of ad hoc queries or reports.     History. Source: L. 2008: Entire section added, p. 1240, § 1, effective August 5. L. 2016: IP(1) and (1)(e) amended,(HB 16-1193), ch. 81, p. 207, § 1, effective July 1. L. 2017: (1)(e) and (1)(f) amended and (1)(g) added,(HB 17-1204), ch. 206, p. 785, § 8, effective November 1. L. 2021: (1)(a) amended,(SB 21-059), ch. 136, p. 708, § 5, effective October 1.
CO Code § 13-1-120 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-120. Proceedings in English - Abbreviations

 Every written proceeding in a court of justice in this state, or before a judicial officer, shall be in the English language, but such abbreviations as are now commonly used in that language may be used, and numbers expressed by figures or numerals in the customary manner.   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 212, § 411. Code 08: § 446. Code 21: § 448. Code 35: § 448. CRS 53: § 37-1-22 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-22 .    ANNOTATION   The translation of instructions into Spanish for the use and instruction of a juror understanding that language alone would not be inhibited by the spirit of this section. The object of the provision is to secure a record in English, and this would in nowise be defeated. Trinidad v. Simpson, 5 Colo. 65 (1879) (decided under repealed provisions antecedent to § 18 of appendix B, R.C.P. Colo., CSA, 1935).
CO Code § 13-1-121 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-121. Action Not Affected by Vacancy

 No action or proceeding in a court of justice in this state shall be affected by a vacancy in the office of any of the judges, or by failure of a term thereof.   History. Source: L. 1887: P. 212, § 410. Code 08: § 445. Code 21: § 447. Code 35: § 447. CRS 53: § 37-1-23 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-23 .
CO Code § 13-1-123 (2021)
2021 Colorado Code|Title 13 - Courts and Court Procedure|Article 1 - General Provisions|Part 1 - Administrative Provisions|§ 13-1-123. Transfer of Civil Actions

 When in any civil action pending in any court of record, whether filed as a special statutory proceeding, or otherwise, if for any reason the proceedings could be more expeditiously continued in another county, with the express consent of all parties, the court may order the cause transferred to any other county wherein the court finds the proceedings could be more expeditiously continued. No additional docket fee shall be required. Upon such a transfer being ordered, the clerk shall transfer all files, books, and records of the cause, or, if that is not practicable, he shall make, at the expense of the parties, and send to the clerk of the court to which the cause is transferred a certified copy of all records in the cause which are necessary for the continuation of the proceedings in the court to which such cause is transferred, and the cause shall continue in the court to which it is transferred with the same effect and force as though such cause were originally docketed in such court.   History. Source: L. 59: P. 349, § 1. CRS 53: § 37-1-25 . C.R.S. 1963: § 37-1-25 .    Cross references:   For venue and change of venue generally, see C.R.C.P. 98.