reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 38.2-1916 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1916. Certain conduct by insurers and rate service organizations prohibited

A. As used in this section, the word "insurer" includes two or more insurers (i) under common management, (ii) under common controlling ownership or (iii) under other common effective legal control and in fact engaged in joint or cooperative underwriting, investment management, marketing, servicing or administration of their business and affairs as insurers.B. No insurer or rate service organization shall:1. Combine or conspire with any other person to monopolize or attempt to monopolize the business of insurance or any kind, subdivision or class of insurance;2. Agree with any other insurer or rate service organization to charge or adhere to any rate, although insurers and rate service organizations may continue to exchange statistical information;3. Make any agreement with any other insurer, rate service organization or other person to restrain trade unreasonably;4. Make any agreement with any other insurer, rate service organization or other person that may substantially lessen competition in any kind, subdivision or class of insurance; or5. Make any agreement with any other insurer or rate service organization to refuse to deal with any person in connection with the sale of insurance.C. No insurer may acquire or retain any capital stock or assets of, or have any common management with, any other insurer if such acquisition, retention or common management substantially lessens competition in the business of insurance or any kind, subdivision or class thereof.D. No rate service organization, or any of its members or subscribers, shall interfere with the right of any insurer to make its rates independently of the rate service organization.E. No rate service organization shall have or adopt any rule, exact any agreement, or engage in any program that would require any member, subscriber or other insurer to utilize some or all of its services, or to adhere to its rates, rating plans, rating systems, underwriting rules, or policy forms, or to prevent any insurer from acting independently. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to insurance defined in § 38.2-119, a rate service organization may develop uniform (i) policies, (ii) classification systems, (iii) statistical plans, (iv) experience rating plans, and (v) manual rules which shall be adhered to by its members.1976, c. 279, § 38.1-279.44:1; 1986, c. 562; 1990, c. 596; 1993, c. 985.
VA Code § 38.2-1916.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1916.2. Penalties; injunctive relief; restitution

A. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 38.2-218, any insurer, rate service organization or other person who knowingly or willfully violates any provision of § 38.2-1916 shall be punished for each such violation by a penalty of not more than $100,000 and may be subject to suspension or revocation of any license issued by the Commission.B. Any person threatened with injury or damage to his business or property by reason of a violation of § 38.2-1916 may petition the Commission for injunctive relief pursuant to § 38.2-220.C. The Commission may require an insurer, rate service organization, or other person to make restitution in the amount of the direct actual financial loss, including any costs associated with bringing such a matter before the Commission and reasonable attorney's fees, to (i) the Commonwealth, a political subdivision thereof, or any public agency injured in its business or property or (ii) any person injured in his business or property by reason of a violation of § 38.2-1916. If the Commission finds that the violation is willful or flagrant, it may increase the restitution payment to an amount not in excess of three times the actual damages sustained.1990, c. 596.
VA Code § 38.2-1917 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1917. Injunctive relief

Any person injured in his business or property by reason of any violation of § 38.2-1916 may maintain an action to enjoin the violation.1976, c. 279, § 38.1-279.44:3; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1918 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1918. Agreements for equitable apportionment of insurance

A. Nothing in this chapter shall prohibit the making of agreements among insurers for the equitable apportionment among them of insurance which may be afforded applicants who are in good faith entitled to but who are unable to procure it through ordinary methods. Insurers may agree among themselves on the use of reasonable rate modifications for such insurance. These agreements and rate modifications shall be subject to the approval of the Commission.B. The Commission may approve policy forms and endorsements for use by such insurers with respect to insurance afforded such applicants.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.45; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1919 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1919. Collection of experience data; uniformity; compilations available to insurers and rate service organizations

A. The Commission may promulgate reasonable rules and statistical plans for each of the rating systems on file with it, which may be modified from time to time. These rules and plans shall be used by each insurer in the recording and reporting of its loss and countrywide expense experience, so that the experience of all insurers may be made available, at least annually, in the form and detail necessary to aid the Commission in determining whether rating systems comply with the standards set forth in § 38.2-1904. The rules and plans may also provide for the recording and reporting of expense experience items that are specially applicable to this Commonwealth and cannot be determined by prorating the countrywide experience.B. In promulgating the rules and plans the Commission shall give due consideration (i) to the rating systems on file with it and (ii) to the rules and to the form of the plans used for rating systems in other states so that the rules and plans may be as uniform as is practicable among the several states.C. The Commission may designate one or more rate service organizations or other agencies to assist it in gathering the experience data and making compilations of it. These compilations shall be made available, subject to reasonable rules promulgated by the Commission, to insurers and rate service organizations. Any rate service organization designated by the Commission shall retain the experience data and compilations of the experience data in the format and detail required by the applicable statistical plan and shall submit this information to the Commission upon request. Any rate service organization designated by the Commission to gather and compile experience data for any classification of workers' compensation insurance that includes coal mining shall report such data annually to the Commission for the most recent five years for which such data is available.D. Every rate service organization that has uniform (i) statistical plans, (ii) classification systems, (iii) experience rating plans, and (iv) manual rules filed and approved in accordance with the provisions of § 38.2-1913 D shall gather and compile the experience data of its members for insurance as defined in § 38.2-119. Each member insurer shall adhere to such uniform plans, systems, and rules of its designated rate service organization in the recording of its experience and the reporting of such information to the rate service organization. Each rate service organization that gathers and compiles information pursuant to this subsection shall be subject to the provisions of subsection C as to the availability, retention, and filing of the experience data of its members.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.46; 1976, c. 329; 1986, c. 562; 1993, c. 985; 2003, c. 222.
VA Code § 38.2-1919.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1919.1. Interchange of rating data and information

To promote uniform administration of rate regulatory laws, the Commission and each insurer and each rate service organization subject to this chapter may (i) exchange information and experience data with insurance supervisory officials, insurers, and rate service organizations in other states and (ii) consult with them regarding rate making and the application of rating schedules and rating plans. Reasonable rules and plans may be promulgated by the Commission for the interchange of data necessary for the application of rating plans.1993, c. 985.
VA Code § 38.2-1920 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1920. Excess rate for a specific risk

Subject to the Commission's approval, a rate in excess of that provided by an applicable filing may be used for a specific risk upon the filing of (i) written application of the insurer stating its reasons for the increased rate and (ii) the written consent of the insured or prospective insured.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.47; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1921 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1921. Combination policies

The Commission may approve for use in this Commonwealth policies or forms for writing at divisible or indivisible rates and premiums any combination of the classes of insurance set forth in subsection A of § 38.2-1902, except insurance on or with respect to operating properties of railroads. The rates and premiums for combination policies, whether divisible or indivisible, shall be subject to this chapter.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.49; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1922 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1922. No rule prohibiting or regulating payment of dividends, etc., to be adopted

No rate service organization subject to this chapter shall adopt any rule prohibiting or regulating the payment of dividends, savings or unabsorbed premium deposits allowed or returned by insurers to their policyholders, members or subscribers.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.50; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1923 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1923. Person aggrieved by application of rating system to be heard; appeal to Commission

Each rate service organization and each insurer subject to this chapter shall provide within this Commonwealth reasonable means for any person aggrieved by the application of its rating system to be heard in person or by an authorized representative on his written request. Any person who makes the written request shall be entitled to review the manner in which the rating system has been applied to the insurance afforded him. If the rate service organization or insurer fails to grant or reject the request within thirty days after it is made, the applicant may proceed in the same manner as if his application had been rejected. Any person affected by the action of the rate service organization or the insurer on the request may, within thirty days after written notice of the action, appeal to the Commission. The Commission may affirm or reverse the action after a hearing held upon not less than ten days' written notice to the applicant and to the rate service organization or insurer.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.51; 1986, c. 562; 1990, c. 596.
VA Code § 38.2-1924 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1924. Cooperation among rate service organizations, or among rate service organizations and insurers, authorized; review by Commission

Cooperation among rate service organizations or among rate service organizations and insurers in rate making or in other matters within the scope of this chapter is hereby authorized if the filings resulting from such cooperation are subject to all the provisions of this chapter applying to filings generally. The Commission may review such cooperative activities and practices. If, after providing notice and opportunity to be heard, it finds that any cooperative activity or practice is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, the Commission shall issue a written order (i) specifying in what respects the cooperative activity or practice is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, and (ii) requiring the discontinuance of the cooperative activity or practice.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.52; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1926 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1926. Action of Commission upon request for hearing on order or decision made without a hearing

A. Any person aggrieved by an order or a decision of the Commission made under this chapter without a hearing may, within thirty days after notice of the order or decision, make a written request to the Commission for a hearing on that order or decision. Within a reasonable time after the request the Commission, after having given not less than ten days' written notice of the time and place of hearing, shall hear the person aggrieved by the order or decision. Within a reasonable time after the hearing the Commission shall affirm, reverse or modify its previous action, specifying its reasons for the affirmation, reversal or modification.B. Pending the hearing and decision on its previous action, the Commission may suspend or postpone the effective date of the order or decision to which the hearing relates.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.54; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1927 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1927. Withholding information; giving false or misleading information

No person shall willfully withhold information from or knowingly give false or misleading information to (i) the Commission, (ii) any statistical agency designated by the Commission, (iii) any rate service organization or (iv) any insurer, if that information will affect the rates or premiums subject to this chapter.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.55; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-1928 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 19 - Regulation of Rates Generally|§ 38.2-1928. Violations of chapter

The issuance, procurement or negotiation of a single policy of insurance shall be deemed a separate violation.1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.56; 1976, c. 279; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-2000 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2000. Purposes of chapter

A. The purposes of this chapter are to protect policyholders and the public against the adverse effects of excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory insurance rates, and to authorize and regulate cooperative action among insurers in rate making and in other matters within the scope of this chapter. Nothing in this chapter is intended to (i) prohibit or discourage reasonable competition, or (ii) prohibit or encourage uniformity in insurance rates, rating systems and rating plans or practices, except to the extent necessary to accomplish the purposes mentioned above.B. This chapter shall be liberally interpreted to effect the purposes of this chapter.1952, c. 317, § 38.1-218; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-2000.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2000.1. Definitions

As used in this chapter:"Pool" means an arrangement, either voluntary or mandated by law, established on an on-going basis, pursuant to which two or more insurers participate in the sharing of risks on a predetermined basis, which arrangement may operate through an association, syndicate, or other pool arrangement."Residual market mechanism" means an arrangement, either voluntary or mandated by law, involving participation by insurers in equitable apportionment among themselves of insurance which may be afforded applicants who are unable to obtain insurance through ordinary methods including any filed and approved plans."Virginia Auto Insurance Plan" means that organization established for assigned risks pursuant to the provisions of § 46.2-464."Virginia Property Insurance Association" means that organization established pursuant to Chapter 27 (§ 38.2-2700 et seq.) of this title."Virginia Workers' Compensation Insurance Plan" means that organization established for assigned risks pursuant to the provisions of § 65.2-820.1993, c. 985.
VA Code § 38.2-2001 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2001. Insurance to which chapter applies

This chapter applies only to (i) insurance written through the Virginia Workers' Compensation Insurance Plan, (ii) the coverages provided in the Virginia Automobile Insurance Plan, (iii) the coverages provided pursuant to Chapter 27 (§ 38.2-2700 et seq.) of this title, (iv) home protection contracts as defined by § 38.2-2600, and (v) policies and endorsements of credit involuntary unemployment insurance, as defined in § 38.2-122.1, and policies and endorsements of credit property insurance, as defined in § 38.2-122.2, delivered or issued for delivery in this Commonwealth, and certificates of credit involuntary unemployment insurance and certificates of credit property insurance delivered or issued for delivery in this Commonwealth where the group policy is delivered in another state.Code 1950, §§ 38-195, 38-247, 38-253.43; 1950, p. 1033; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-220; 1972, c. 836; 1973, c. 504; 1981, c. 530; 1986, c. 562; 1993, c. 985; 2000, c. 526; 2002, c. 145.
VA Code § 38.2-2002 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2002. Joint underwriting and joint reinsurance

A. 1. Each group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in joint underwriting or joint reinsurance for the insurance to which this chapter applies shall file with the Commission (i) a copy of its constitution, its articles of incorporation, agreement or association, and a copy of its bylaws, rules and regulations governing its activities, all duly certified by the custodian of the originals of the copies, (ii) a list of its members, and (iii) the name and address of a resident of this Commonwealth upon whom notices or orders of the Commission or process may be served.2. Each such organization of insurers shall notify the Commission promptly of every change in the information required to be filed by this subsection.3. This subsection shall not apply to the Virginia Automobile Insurance Plan, the Virginia Property Insurance Association and the Virginia Workers' Compensation Insurance Plan.B. Each group, association or other organization of insurers that engages in joint underwriting for the insurance to which this chapter applies shall be subject to this chapter. Each such organization of insurers that engages in joint reinsurance for the insurance to which this chapter applies shall be subject to § 38.2-2026.C. If, after providing notice and opportunity to be heard, the Commission finds any activity or practice of any such organization of insurers to be unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, it shall issue a written order (i) specifying in what respect the activity or practice is unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with this chapter, and (ii) requiring the discontinuance of the activity or practice.Code 1950, §§ 38-218.2, 38-249, 38-253.46; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-224; 1973, c. 504, § 38.1-279.43; 1986, c. 562; 1993, c. 985.
VA Code § 38.2-2002.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2002.1. Residual market mechanism; reinsurance pool

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, insurers and rate service organizations participating in joint reinsurance pools organized for the purpose of establishing a residual market mechanism may, in connection with such purpose, act in cooperation with each other in the making of rates, rating systems, policy forms, underwriting rules, surveys, inspections, investigations, the furnishing of statistical or other information on losses and expenses, or the conduct of research.1993, c. 985.
VA Code § 38.2-2004 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2004. Filings by rate service organization

An insurer may satisfy its obligation to make the rate filings required in § 38.2-2003 by becoming a member of or a subscriber to a rate service organization that makes such filings and that is licensed pursuant to § 38.2-1914, and by authorizing the Commission to accept the filings on its behalf. Filings made by rate service organizations shall meet the requirements of § 38.2-2003. No insurer shall be required to become a member of or a subscriber to any rate service organization.Code 1950, §§ 38-253.27, 38-253.73; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-242; 1972, c. 836; 1973, c. 504; 1986, c. 562.
VA Code § 38.2-2006 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2006. Approval by Commission prerequisite to use of filing

A. Except as provided in § 38.2-2010, no filing shall become effective, be applied, or be used in this Commonwealth until it has been approved by the Commission. However, a rate produced in accordance with a rating schedule or rating plan, previously approved by the Commission, may be used pending the approval.B. A filing shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this chapter and to become effective unless disapproved by the Commission within sixty days of the time that the filing was made. However, the Commission may extend the waiting period for thirty additional days by written notice to the filer before the sixty-day period expires.C. If a filing is not accompanied by the information necessary for the Commission to determine if the requirements of § 38.2-2005 are satisfied, the Commission shall so inform the filer within sixty days of the initial filing. The filing shall be deemed to be made when the necessary information is furnished.D. The provisions of subsection B of this section shall be suspended when the Commission has ordered a hearing to be held under the provisions of § 38.2-2007.Code 1950, §§ 38-210, 38-253.29, 38-253.75; 1952, c. 317, § 38.1-253; 1986, c. 562; 1987, c. 697.
VA Code § 38.2-2006.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 38.2 - Insurance|Chapter 20 - Regulation of Rates for Certain Types of Insurance|§ 38.2-2006.1. Approval by the Commission for credit property and credit involuntary unemployment insurance rates

No rate charged in connection with a credit involuntary unemployment insurance policy, endorsement, or certificate issued in this Commonwealth, and no rate charged in connection with a credit property insurance policy, endorsement, or certificate issued in this Commonwealth, shall be used unless it has been filed with the Commission pursuant to the provisions of this chapter to be approved for use on or after April 1, 2001, April 1, 2003, and April 1, 2005, as set forth in subsection E of § 38.2-2003.2000, c. 526.