reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
TX Code Crim Pro art 37.12 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 37 - The Verdict|Article 37.12. Judgment on Verdict

On each verdict of acquittal or conviction, the proper judgment shall be entered immediately.  If acquitted, the defendant shall be at once discharged from all further liability upon the charge for which he was tried;  provided that, in misdemeanor cases where there is returned a verdict, or a plea of guilty is entered and the punishment assessed is by fine only, the court may, on written request of the defendant and for good cause shown, defer judgment until some other day fixed by order of the court;  but in no event shall the judgment be deferred for a longer period of time than six months.  On expiration of the time fixed by the order of the court, the court or judge thereof, shall enter judgment on the verdict or plea and the same shall be executed as provided by Chapter 43 of this Code.  Provided further, that the court or judge thereof, in the exercise of sound discretion may permit the defendant where judgment is deferred, to remain at large on his personal bond, or may require him to enter into bail bond in a sum at least double the amount of the assessed fine and costs, conditioned that the defendant and sureties, jointly and severally, will pay such fine and costs unless the defendant personally appears on the day, set in the order and discharges the judgment in the manner provided by Chapter 43 of this Code;  and for the enforcement of any judgment entered, all writs, processes and remedies of this Code are made applicable so far as necessary to carry out the provisions of this Article.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 37.13 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 37 - The Verdict|Article 37.13. If Jury Believes Accused Insane

When a jury has been impaneled to assess the punishment upon a plea of guilty, it shall say in its verdict what the punishment is which it assesses;  but if it is of the opinion that a person pleading guilty is insane, it shall so report to the court, and an issue as to that fact shall be tried before another jury;  and if, upon such trial, it be found that the defendant is insane, such proceedings shall be had as directed in cases where a defendant becomes insane after conviction.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 37.14 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 37 - The Verdict|Article 37.14. Acquittal of Higher Offense as Jeopardy

If a defendant, prosecuted for an offense which includes within it lesser offenses, be convicted of an offense lower than that for which he is indicted, and a new trial be granted him, or the judgment be arrested for any cause other than the want of jurisdiction, the verdict upon the first trial shall be considered an acquittal of the higher offense;  but he may, upon a second trial, be convicted of the same offense of which he was before convicted, or any other inferior thereto.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.02 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.02. Effect Under Public Information Law of Release of Certain Information

A release of information by an attorney representing the state to defense counsel for a purpose relating to the pending or reasonably anticipated prosecution of a criminal case is not considered a voluntary release of information to the public for purposes of Section 552.007, Government Code, and does not waive the right to assert in the future that the information is excepted from required disclosure under Chapter 552, Government Code.|Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 630 (H.B. 1360), Sec. 1, eff. June 19, 2009.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.03 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.03. Presumption of Innocence

All persons are presumed to be innocent and no person may be convicted of an offense unless each element of the offense is proved beyond a reasonable doubt.  The fact that he has been arrested, confined, or indicted for, or otherwise charged with, the offense gives rise to no inference of guilt at his trial.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2247, ch. 539, Sec. 1, eff. June 12, 1981.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.04 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.04. Jury Are Judges of Facts

The jury, in all cases, is the exclusive judge of the facts proved, and of the weight to be given to the testimony, except where it is provided by law that proof of any particular fact is to be taken as either conclusive or presumptive proof of the existence of another fact, or where the law directs that a certain degree of weight is to be attached to a certain species of evidence.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.05 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.05. Judge Shall Not Discuss Evidence

In ruling upon the admissibility of evidence, the judge shall not discuss or comment upon the weight of the same or its bearing in the case, but shall simply decide whether or not it is admissible;  nor shall he, at any stage of the proceeding previous to the return of the verdict, make any remark calculated to convey to the jury his opinion of the case.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.07 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.07. Testimony in Corroboration of Victim of Sexual Offense

(a)  A conviction under Chapter 21, Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8), Section 22.011, or Section 22.021, Penal Code, is supportable on the uncorroborated testimony of the victim of the sexual offense if the victim informed any person, other than the defendant, of the alleged offense within one year after the date on which the offense is alleged to have occurred.(b) The requirement that the victim inform another person of an alleged offense does not apply if at the time of the alleged offense the victim was a person:(1) 17 years of age or younger;(2) 65 years of age or older;  or(3) 18 years of age or older who by reason of age or physical or mental disease, defect, or injury was substantially unable to satisfy the person's need for food, shelter, medical care, or protection from harm.|Added by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 479, ch. 203, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1975.|Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2090, ch. 382, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983;  Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5317, ch. 977, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1983;  Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 200, Sec. 1, eff. May 19, 1993;  Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 12.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.  Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1018, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 2.05, eff. September 1, 2011.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.073 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.073. Testimony of Inmate Witnesses

In a proceeding in the prosecution of a criminal offense in which an inmate in the custody of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice is required to testify as a witness, any deposition or testimony of the inmate witness may be conducted by a video teleconferencing system in the manner described by Article 27.18.|Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 788, Sec. 2, eff. June 14, 2001.Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1031 (H.B. 2847), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011.Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1341 (S.B. 1233), Sec. 7, eff. June 17, 2011.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.075 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.075. Corroboration of Certain Testimony Required

(a)  A defendant may not be convicted of an offense on the testimony of a person to whom the defendant made a statement against the defendant's interest during a time when the person was imprisoned or confined in the same correctional facility as the defendant unless the testimony is corroborated by other evidence tending to connect the defendant with the offense committed.  In this subsection, "correctional facility" has the meaning assigned by Section 1.07, Penal Code.(b)  Corroboration is not sufficient for the purposes of this article if the corroboration only shows that the offense was committed.(c)  Evidence of a prior offense committed by a person who gives testimony described by Subsection (a) may be admitted for the purpose of impeachment if the person received a benefit described by Article 39.14(h-1)(2) with respect to the offense, regardless of whether the person was convicted of the offense.|Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1422 (S.B. 1681), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 686 (H.B. 34), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.076 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.076. Testimony of Forensic Analyst by Video Teleconference

(a)  In this article, "forensic analyst" has the meaning assigned by Section 4-a, Article 38.01. (b)  In a proceeding in the prosecution of a criminal offense in which a forensic analyst is required to testify as a witness, any testimony of the witness may be conducted by video teleconferencing in the manner described by Subsection (c) if: (1)  the use of video teleconferencing is approved by the court and all parties;(2)  the video teleconferencing is coordinated in advance to ensure proper scheduling and equipment compatibility and reliability; and(3)  a method of electronically transmitting documents related to the proceeding is available at both the location at which the witness is testifying and in the court.(c)  A video teleconferencing system used under this article must provide an encrypted, simultaneous, compressed full motion video and interactive communication of image and sound between the judge, the attorney representing the state, the attorney representing the defendant, and the witness.|Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 978 (S.B. 1125), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.08 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.08. Defendant May Testify

Any defendant in a criminal action shall be permitted to testify in his own behalf therein, but the failure of any defendant to so testify shall not be taken as a circumstance against him, nor shall the same be alluded to or commented on by counsel in the cause.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.10 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.10. Exceptions to the Spousal Adverse Testimony Privilege

The privilege of a person's spouse not to be called as a witness for the state does not apply in any proceeding in which the person is charged with:(1)  a crime committed against the person's spouse, a minor child, or a member of the household of either spouse; or(2)  an offense under Section 25.01, Penal Code (Bigamy).|Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 67, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 4.01, eff. September 1, 2005.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.101 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.101. Communications by Drug Abusers

A communication to any person involved in the treatment or examination of drug abusers by a person being treated voluntarily or being examined for admission to voluntary treatment for drug abuse is not admissible.  However, information derived from the treatment or examination of drug abusers may be used for statistical and research purposes if the names of the patients are not revealed.|Added by Acts 1971, 62nd Leg., p. 2984, ch. 983, Sec. 2, eff. June 15, 1971.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.111 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.111. News Media Recordings

Extrinsic evidence of the authenticity of evidence as a condition precedent to the admissibility of the evidence in a criminal proceeding is not required with respect to a recording that purports to be a broadcast by a radio or television station that holds a license issued by the Federal Communications Commission at the time of the recording.  The court may take judicial notice of the recording license as provided by Rule 201, Texas Rules of Evidence.|Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 29 (H.B. 670), Sec. 2, eff. May 13, 2009.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.12 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.12. Religious Opinion

No person is incompetent to testify on account of his religious opinion or for the want of any religious belief.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.14 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.14. Testimony of Accomplice

A conviction cannot be had upon the testimony of an accomplice unless corroborated by other evidence tending to connect the defendant with the offense committed;  and the corroboration is not sufficient if it merely shows the commission of the offense.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.141 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.141. Testimony of Undercover Peace Officer or Special Investigator

(a)  A defendant may not be convicted of an offense under Chapter 481, Health and Safety Code, on the testimony of a person who is not a licensed peace officer or a special investigator but who is acting covertly on behalf of a law enforcement agency or under the color of law enforcement unless the testimony is corroborated by other evidence tending to connect the defendant with the offense committed.(b) Corroboration is not sufficient for the purposes of this article if the corroboration only shows the commission of the offense.(c) In this article, "peace officer" means a person listed in Article 2.12, and "special investigator" means a person listed in Article 2.122.|Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1102, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.15 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.15. Two Witnesses in Treason

No person can be convicted of treason except upon the testimony of at least two witnesses to the same overt act, or upon his own confession in open court.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.16 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.16. Evidence in Treason

Evidence shall not be admitted in a prosecution for treason as to an overt act not expressly charged in the indictment;  nor shall any person be convicted under an indictment for treason unless one or more overt acts are expressly charged therein.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.17 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.17. Two Witnesses Required

In all cases where, by law, two witnesses, or one with corroborating circumstances, are required to authorize a conviction, if the requirement be not fulfilled, the court shall instruct the jury to render a verdict of acquittal, and they are bound by the instruction.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.18 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.18. Perjury and Aggravated Perjury

(a)  No person may be convicted of perjury or aggravated perjury if proof that his statement is false rests solely upon the testimony of one witness other than the defendant.(b) Paragraph (a) of this article does not apply to prosecutions for perjury or aggravated perjury involving inconsistent statements.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.  Amended by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 973, ch. 399, Sec. 2(A), eff. Jan. 1, 1974.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.19 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.19. Intent to Defraud: Certain Offenses

(a)  This article applies to the trial of an offense under any of the following sections of the Penal Code:(1)  Section 32.21 (Forgery);(2)  Section 32.31 (Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse); or(3)  Section 32.51 (Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information).(b)  In the trial of an offense to which this article applies, the attorney representing the state is not required to prove that the defendant committed the act with intent to defraud any particular person.  It is sufficient to prove that the offense was, in its nature, calculated to injure or defraud any of the sovereignties, bodies corporate or politic, officers or persons, named in the definition of the offense in the Penal Code.|Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 291 (H.B. 2624), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.21 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.21. Statement

A statement of an accused may be used in evidence against him if it appears that the same was freely and voluntarily made without compulsion or persuasion, under the rules hereafter prescribed.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.  Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 935, ch. 348, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.23 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.23. Evidence Not to Be Used

(a)  No evidence obtained by an officer or other person in violation of any provisions of the Constitution or laws of the State of Texas, or of the Constitution or laws of the United States of America, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on the trial of any criminal case.In any case where the legal evidence raises an issue hereunder, the jury shall be instructed that if it believes, or has a reasonable doubt, that the evidence was obtained in violation of the provisions of this Article, then and in such event, the jury shall disregard any such evidence so obtained.(b) It is an exception to the provisions of Subsection (a) of this Article that the evidence was obtained by a law enforcement officer acting in objective good faith reliance upon a warrant issued by a neutral magistrate based on probable cause.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 546, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.25 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.25. Written Part of Instrument Controls

When an instrument is partly written and partly printed, the written shall control the printed portion when the two are inconsistent.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.27 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.27. Evidence of Handwriting

It is competent to give evidence of handwriting by comparison, made by experts or by the jury.  Proof by comparison only shall not be sufficient to establish the handwriting of a witness who denies his signature under oath.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|
TX Code Crim Pro art 38.30 (2021)
2021 Texas Statutes|Code of Criminal Procedure|Title 1 - Code of Criminal Procedure|Chapter 38 - Evidence in Criminal Actions|Article 38.30. Interpreter

(a)  When a motion for appointment of an interpreter is filed by any party or on motion of the court, in any criminal proceeding, it is determined that a person charged or a witness does not understand and speak the English language, an interpreter must be sworn to interpret for the person charged or the witness.  Any person may be subpoenaed, attached or recognized in any criminal action or proceeding, to appear before the proper judge or court to act as interpreter therein, under the same rules and penalties as are provided for witnesses.  In the event that the only available interpreter is not considered to possess adequate interpreting skills for the particular situation or the interpreter is not familiar with use of slang, the person charged or witness may be permitted by the court to nominate another person to act as intermediary between the person charged or witness and the appointed interpreter during the proceedings.(a-1)  A qualified telephone interpreter may be sworn to interpret for the person in any criminal proceeding before a judge or magistrate if an interpreter is not available to appear in person at the proceeding or if the only available interpreter is not considered to possess adequate interpreting skills for the particular situation or is unfamiliar with the use of slang.  In this subsection, "qualified telephone interpreter" means a telephone service that employs:(1)  licensed court interpreters as defined by Section 157.001, Government Code; or(2)  federally certified court interpreters.(b)  Except as provided by Subsection (c) of this article, interpreters appointed under the terms of this article will receive from the general fund of the county for their services a sum not to exceed $100 a day as follows:  interpreters shall be paid not less than $15 nor more than $100 a day at the discretion of the judge presiding, and when travel of the interpreter is involved all the actual expenses of travel, lodging, and meals incurred by the interpreter pertaining to the case the interpreter is appointed to serve shall be paid at the same rate applicable to state employees.(c) A county commissioners court may set a payment schedule and expend funds for the services of interpreters in excess of the daily amount of not less than $15 or more than $100 established by Subsection (b) of this article.|Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.|Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 453, ch. 209, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979;  Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 700, Sec. 1, eff. June 16, 1991.Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 956 (H.B. 1601), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005.Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 42 (S.B. 966), Sec. 2.01, eff. September 1, 2014.Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1182 (S.B. 1139), Sec. 8.01, eff. September 1, 2015.|