reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
13 PA Cons Stat § 2308 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2308 - Absence of specified place for delivery

§ 2308. Absence of specified place for delivery. Unless otherwise agreed:  (1) the place for delivery of goods is the place of business of the seller or if he has none his residence; but  (2) in a contract for sale of identified goods which to the knowledge of the parties at the time of contracting are in some other place, that place is the place for their delivery; and  (3) documents of title may be delivered through customary banking channels.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2309 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2309 - Absence of specific time provisions; notice of termination

§ 2309. Absence of specific time provisions; notice of  termination.  (a) Shipment, delivery or other action.--The time for shipment or delivery or any other action under a contract if not provided in this division or agreed upon shall be a reasonable time.  (b) Duration of provision for successive performances.-- Where the contract provides for successive performances but is indefinite in duration it is valid for a reasonable time but unless otherwise agreed may be terminated at any time by either party.  (c) Notice of termination.--Termination of a contract by one party except on the happening of an agreed event requires that reasonable notification be received by the other party and an agreement dispensing with notification is invalid if its operation would be unconscionable.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2310 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2310 - Open time for payment or running of credit; authority to ship under reservation

§ 2310. Open time for payment or running of credit; authority  to ship under reservation. Unless otherwise agreed:  (1) Payment is due at the time and place at which the buyer is to receive the goods even though the place of shipment is the place of delivery.  (2) If the seller is authorized to send the goods he may ship them under reservation, and may tender the documents of title, but the buyer may inspect the goods after their arrival before payment is due unless such inspection is inconsistent with the terms of the contract (section 2513).  (3) If delivery is authorized and made by way of documents of title otherwise than by paragraph (2), then payment is due, regardless of where the goods are to be received:  (i) at the time and place at which the buyer is to receive delivery of the tangible documents; or  (ii) at the time the buyer is to receive delivery of the electronic documents and at the seller's place of business or, if none, at the seller's residence.  (4) Where the seller is required or authorized to ship the goods on credit the credit period runs from the time of shipment but post-dating the invoice or delaying its dispatch will correspondingly delay the starting of the credit period. (Apr. 16, 2008, P.L.57, No.13, eff. 60 days)  2008 Amendment. Act 13 amended par. (3).
13 PA Cons Stat § 2311 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2311 - Options and cooperation respecting performance

§ 2311. Options and cooperation respecting performance.   (a) Specifying particulars of performance.--An agreement for sale which is otherwise sufficiently definite (section 2204(c)) to be a contract is not made invalid by the fact that it leaves particulars of performance to be specified by one of the parties. Any such specification must be made in good faith and within limits set by commercial reasonableness.  (b) Specifying assortment of goods and shipping arrangements.--Unless otherwise agreed specifications relating to assortment of the goods are at the option of the buyer and except as otherwise provided in section 2319(a)(3) and (c) (relating to F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms) specifications or arrangements relating to shipment are at the option of the seller.  (c) Remedies for failure to specify or cooperate.--Where such specification would materially affect the performance of the other party but is not seasonably made or where the cooperation of one party is necessary to the agreed performance of the other but is not seasonably forthcoming, the other party in addition to all other remedies: (1) is excused for any resulting delay in his own performance; and (2) may also either proceed to perform in any reasonable manner or after the time for a material part of his own performance treat the failure to specify or to cooperate as a breach by failure to deliver or accept the goods.    Cross References. Section 2311 is referred to in section 2319 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2312 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2312 - Warranty of title and against infringement; obligation of buyer against infringement

§ 2312. Warranty of title and against infringement; obligation  of buyer against infringement.  (a) General rule.--Subject to subsection (b) there is in a contract for sale a warranty by the seller that:  (1) the title conveyed shall be good, and its transfer rightful; and  (2) the goods shall be delivered free from any security interest or other lien or encumbrance of which the buyer at the time of contracting has no knowledge.  (b) Exclusion or modification of warranty.--A warranty under subsection (a) will be excluded or modified only by specific language or by circumstances which give the buyer reason to know that the person selling does not claim title in himself or that he is purporting to sell only such right or title as he or a third person may have.  (c) Warranty of merchant regularly dealing in goods.--Unless otherwise agreed a seller who is a merchant regularly dealing in goods of the kind warrants that the goods shall be delivered free of the rightful claim of any third person by way of infringement or the like but a buyer who furnishes specifications to the seller must hold the seller harmless against any such claim which arises out of compliance with the specifications.  Cross References. Section 2312 is referred to in section 2607 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2313 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2313 - Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description or sample

§ 2313. Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description  or sample.  (a) General rule.--Express warranties by the seller are created as follows:  (1) Any affirmation of fact or promise made by the seller to the buyer which relates to the goods and becomes part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the goods shall conform to the affirmation or promise.  (2) Any description of the goods which is made part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the goods shall conform to the description.  (3) Any sample or model which is made part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the whole of the goods shall conform to the sample or model.  (b) Formal words or specific intent unnecessary.--It is not necessary to the creation of an express warranty that the seller use formal words such as "warrant" or "guarantee" or that he have a specific intention to make a warranty, but an affirmation merely of the value of the goods or a statement purporting to be merely the opinion of the seller or commendation of the goods does not create a warranty.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2314 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2314 - Implied warranty: merchantability; usage of trade

§ 2314. Implied warranty: merchantability; usage of trade.  (a) Sale by merchant.--Unless excluded or modified (section 2316), a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. Under this section the serving for value of food or drink to be consumed either on the premises or elsewhere is a sale.  (b) Merchantability standards for goods.--Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as:  (1) pass without objection in the trade under the contract description;  (2) in the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description;  (3) are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used;  (4) run, within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind, quality and quantity within each unit and among all units involved;  (5) are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may require; and  (6) conform to the promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label if any.  (c) Course of dealing or usage of trade.--Unless excluded or modified (section 2316) other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2315 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2315 - Implied warranty: fitness for particular purpose

§ 2315. Implied warranty: fitness for particular purpose. Where the seller at the time of contracting has reason to know:  (1) any particular purpose for which the goods are required; and  (2) that the buyer is relying on the skill or judgment of the seller to select or furnish suitable goods; there is unless excluded or modified under section 2316 (relating to exclusion or modification of warranties) an implied warranty that the goods shall be fit for such purpose.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2316 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2316 - Exclusion or modification of warranties

§ 2316. Exclusion or modification of warranties.  (a) Construction of words or conduct limiting warranties.-- Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit warranty shall be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other; but subject to the provisions of this division on parol or extrinsic evidence (section 2202) negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable.  (b) Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness.-- Subject to subsection (c), to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it the language must mention merchantability and in case of a writing must be conspicuous, and to exclude or modify any implied warranty of fitness the exclusion must be by a writing and conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it states, for example, that "There are no warranties which extend beyond the description on the face hereof."  (c) Implied warranties in general.--Notwithstanding subsection (b):  (1) Unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like "as is," "with all faults" or other language which in common understanding calls the attention of the buyer to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty.  (2) When the buyer before entering into the contract has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as he desired or has refused to examine the goods there is no implied warranty with regard to defects which an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed to him.  (3) An implied warranty can also be excluded or modified by course of dealing or course of performance or usage of trade.  (d) Limitation of remedies for breach of warranty.--Remedies for breach of warranty can be limited in accordance with the provisions of this division on liquidation or limitation of damages (section 2718) and on contractual modification of remedy (section 2719).  Cross References. Section 2316 is referred to in sections 2314, 2315 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2317 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2317 - Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied

§ 2317. Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or  implied. Warranties whether express or implied shall be construed as consistent with each other and as cumulative, but if such construction is unreasonable the intention of the parties shall determine which warranty is dominant. In ascertaining that intention the following rules apply:  (1) Exact or technical specifications displace an inconsistent sample or model or general language of description.  (2) A sample from an existing bulk displaces inconsistent general language of description.  (3) Express warranties displace inconsistent implied warranties other than an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2318 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2318 - Third party beneficiaries of warranties express or implied

§ 2318. Third party beneficiaries of warranties express or  implied. The warranty of a seller whether express or implied extends to any natural person who is in the family or household of his buyer or who is a guest in his home if it is reasonable to expect that such person may use, consume or be affected by the goods and who is injured in person by breach of the warranty. A seller may not exclude or limit the operation of this section.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2319 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2319 - F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms

§ 2319. F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms.  (a) Definition of F.O.B.--Unless otherwise agreed the term F.O.B. (which means "free on board") at a named place, even though used only in connection with the stated price, is a delivery term under which:  (1) When the term is F.O.B. the place of shipment, the seller must at that place ship the goods in the manner provided in this division (section 2504 (relating to shipment by seller)) and bear the expense and risk of putting them into the possession of the carrier.  (2) When the term is F.O.B. the place of destination, the seller must at his own expense and risk transport the goods to that place and there tender delivery of them in the manner provided in this division (section 2503 (relating to manner of tender of delivery by seller)).  (3) When under either paragraph (1) or (2) the term is also F.O.B. vessel, car or other vehicle, the seller must in addition at his own expense and risk load the goods on board. If the term is F.O.B. vessel the buyer must name the vessel and in an appropriate case the seller must comply with the provisions of this division on the form of bill of lading  (section 2323).  (b) Definition of F.A.S.--Unless otherwise agreed the term F.A.S. vessel (which means "free alongside") at a named port, even though used only in connection with the stated price, is a delivery term under which the seller must:  (1) at his own expense and risk deliver the goods alongside the vessel in the manner usual in that port or on a dock designated and provided by the buyer; and  (2) obtain and tender a receipt for the goods in exchange for which the carrier is under a duty to issue a bill of lading.  (c) Duty of buyer to give instructions.--Unless otherwise agreed in any case falling within subsection (a)(1) or (3) or subsection (b) the buyer must seasonably give any needed instructions for making delivery, including when the term is F.A.S. or F.O.B. the loading berth of the vessel and in an appropriate case its name and sailing date. The seller may treat the failure of needed instructions as a failure of cooperation under this division (section 2311 (relating to options and cooperation respecting performance)). He may also at his option move the goods in any reasonable manner preparatory to delivery or shipment.  (d) Tender of documents and payment.--Under the term F.O.B. vessel or F.A.S. unless otherwise agreed the buyer must make payment against tender of the required documents and the seller may not tender nor the buyer demand delivery of the goods in substitution for the documents.  Cross References. Section 2319 is referred to in section 2311 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2320 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2320 - C.I.F. and C. & F. terms

§ 2320. C.I.F. and C. & F. terms.  (a) Definitions.--The term C.I.F. means that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the goods and the insurance and freight to the named destination. The term C. & F. or C.F. means that the price so includes cost and freight to the named destination.  (b) Effect of C.I.F. destination term.--Unless otherwise agreed and even though used only in connection with the stated price and destination, the term C.I.F. destination or its equivalent requires the seller at his own expense and risk to do the following:  (1) Put the goods into the possession of a carrier at the port for shipment and obtain a negotiable bill or bills of lading covering the entire transportation to the named destination.  (2) Load the goods and obtain a receipt from the carrier  (which may be contained in the bill of lading) showing that the freight has been paid or provided for.  (3) Obtain a policy or certificate of insurance, including any war risk insurance, of a kind and on terms then current at the port of shipment in the usual amount, in the currency of the contract, shown to cover the same goods covered by the bill of lading and providing for payment of loss to the order of the buyer or for the account of whom it may concern; but the seller may add to the price the amount of the premium for any such war risk insurance.  (4) Prepare an invoice of the goods and procure any other documents required to effect shipment or to comply with the contract.  (5) Forward and tender with commercial promptness all the documents in due form and with any indorsement necessary to perfect the rights of the buyer.  (c) Effect of C. & F. term.--Unless otherwise agreed the term C. & F. or its equivalent has the same effect and imposes upon the seller the same obligations and risks as a C.I.F. term except the obligation as to insurance.  (d) Tender of documents and payment.--Under the term C.I.F. or C. & F. unless otherwise agreed the buyer must make payment against tender of the required documents and the seller may not tender nor the buyer demand delivery of the goods in substitution for the documents.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2321 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2321 - C.I.F. or C. & F.: "net landed weights"; "payment on arrival"; warranty of condition on arrival

§ 2321. C.I.F. or C. & F.: "net landed weights"; "payment on  arrival"; warranty of condition on arrival. Under a contract containing a term C.I.F. or C. & F.:  (1) Where the price is based on or is to be adjusted according to "net landed weights," "delivered weights," "out turn" quantity or quality or the like, unless otherwise agreed the seller must reasonably estimate the price. The payment due on tender of the documents called for by the contract is the amount so estimated, but after final adjustment of the price a settlement must be made with commercial promptness.  (2) An agreement described in paragraph (1) or any warranty of quality or condition of the goods on arrival places upon the seller the risk of ordinary deterioration, shrinkage and the like in transportation but has no effect on the place or time of identification to the contract for sale or delivery or on the passing of the risk of loss.  (3) Unless otherwise agreed where the contract provides for payment on or after arrival of the goods the seller must before payment allow such preliminary inspection as is feasible; but if the goods are lost delivery of the documents and payment are due when the goods should have arrived.  Cross References. Section 2321 is referred to in section 2513 of this title.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2322 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2322 - Delivery "ex-ship."

§ 2322. Delivery "ex-ship."  (a) Definition.--Unless otherwise agreed a term for delivery of goods "ex-ship" (which means from the carrying vessel) or in equivalent language is not restricted to a particular ship and requires delivery from a ship which has reached a place at the named port of destination where goods of the kind are usually discharged.  (b) Effect.--Under such a term unless otherwise agreed:  (1) the seller must discharge all liens arising out of the carriage and furnish the buyer with a direction which puts the carrier under a duty to deliver the goods; and  (2) the risk of loss does not pass to the buyer until the goods leave the tackle of the ship or are otherwise properly unloaded.
13 PA Cons Stat § 2323 (2021)
2021 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes|Title 13 - COMMERCIAL CODE|Chapter 23 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract|Section 2323 - Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; "overseas."

§ 2323. Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment;  "overseas."  (a) General rule.--Where the contract contemplates overseas shipment and contains a term C.I.F., C. & F. or F.O.B. vessel, the seller unless otherwise agreed must obtain a negotiable bill of lading stating that the goods have been loaded on board or, in the case of a term C.I.F. or C. & F., received for shipment.  (b) Bill in set of parts.--Where in a case within subsection (a) a tangible bill of lading has been issued in a set of parts, unless otherwise agreed if the documents are not to be sent from abroad the buyer may demand tender of the full set; otherwise only one part of the bill of lading need be tendered. Even if the agreement expressly requires a full set:  (1) due tender of a single part is acceptable within the provisions of this division on cure of improper delivery  (section 2508(a)); and  (2) even though the full set is demanded, if the documents are sent from abroad the person tendering an incomplete set may nevertheless require payment upon furnishing an indemnity which the buyer in good faith deems adequate.  (c) Definition of "overseas".--A shipment by water or by air or a contract contemplating such shipment is "overseas" insofar as by usage of trade or agreement it is subject to the commercial, financing or shipping practices characteristic of international deep water commerce. (Apr. 16, 2008, P.L.57, No.13, eff. 60 days)  2008 Amendment. Act 13 amended subsec. (b).  Cross References. Section 2323 is referred to in sections 2103, 2319, 2503 of this title.