reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2A-402 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2A - Leases|Subtitle 4 - Performance of Leased Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|Section 2A-402 - Anticipatory Repudiation

    If either party repudiates a lease contract with respect to a performance not yet due under the lease contract, the loss of which performance will substantially impair the value of the lease contract to the other, the aggrieved party may:         (a)    For a commercially reasonable time, await retraction of repudiation and performance by the repudiating party;        (b)    Make demand pursuant to § 2A-401 and await assurance of future performance adequate under the circumstances of the particular case; or        (c)    Resort to any right or remedy upon default under the lease contract or this title, even though the aggrieved party has notified the repudiating party that the aggrieved party would await the repudiating party’s performance and assurance and has urged retraction. In addition, whether or not the aggrieved party is pursuing one of the foregoing remedies, the aggrieved party may suspend performance or, if the aggrieved party is the lessor, proceed in accordance with the provisions of this title on the lessor’s right to identify goods to the lease contract notwithstanding default or to salvage unfinished goods (§ 2A-524).
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2A-403 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2A - Leases|Subtitle 4 - Performance of Leased Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|Section 2A-403 - Retraction of Anticipatory Repudiation

    (1)    Until the repudiating party’s next performance is due, the repudiating party can retract the repudiation unless, since the repudiation, the aggrieved party has cancelled the lease contract or materially changed the aggrieved party’s position or otherwise indicated that the aggrieved party considers the repudiation final.    (2)    Retraction may be by any method that clearly indicates to the aggrieved party that the repudiating party intends to perform under the lease contract and includes any assurance demanded under § 2A-401.    (3)    Retraction reinstates a repudiating party’s rights under a lease contract with due excuse and allowance to the aggrieved party for any delay occasioned by the repudiation.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2A-404 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2A - Leases|Subtitle 4 - Performance of Leased Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|Section 2A-404 - Substituted Performance

    (1)    If without fault of the lessee, the lessor and the supplier, the agreed berthing, loading, or unloading facilities fail or the agreed type of carrier becomes unavailable or the agreed manner of delivery otherwise becomes commercially impracticable, but a commercially reasonable substitute is available, the substitute performance must be tendered and accepted.    (2)    If the agreed means or manner of payment fails because of domestic or foreign governmental regulation:        (a)    The lessor may withhold or stop delivery or cause the supplier to withhold or stop delivery unless the lessee provides a means or manner of payment that is commercially a substantial equivalent; and        (b)    If delivery has already been taken, payment by the means or in the manner provided by the regulation discharges the lessee’s obligation unless the regulation is discriminatory, oppressive, or predatory.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2A-405 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2A - Leases|Subtitle 4 - Performance of Leased Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|Section 2A-405 - Excused Performance

    Subject to § 2A-404 on substituted performance, the following rules apply:         (a)    Delay in delivery or nondelivery in whole or in part by a lessor or a supplier who complies with paragraphs (b) and (c) is not a default under the lease contract if performance as agreed has been made impracticable by the occurrence of a contingency the nonoccurrence of which was a basic assumption on which the lease contract was made or by compliance in good faith with any applicable foreign or domestic governmental regulation or order, whether or not the regulation or order later proves to be invalid.        (b)    If the causes mentioned in paragraph (a) affect only part of the lessor’s or the supplier’s capacity to perform, he or she shall allocate production and deliveries among his or her customers but at his or her option may include regular customers not then under contract for sale or lease as well as his or her own requirements for further manufacture. He or she may so allocate in any manner that is fair and reasonable.        (c)    The lessor seasonably shall notify the lessee and in the case of a finance lease the supplier seasonably shall notify the lessor and the lessee, if known, that there will be delay or nondelivery and, if allocation is required under paragraph (b), of the estimated quota thus made available for the lessee.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2A-406 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2A - Leases|Subtitle 4 - Performance of Leased Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|Section 2A-406 - Procedure on Excused Performance

    (1)    If the lessee receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justified under § 2A-405, the lessee may by written notification to the lessor as to any goods involved, and with respect to all of the goods if under an installment lease contract the value of the whole lease contract is substantially impaired (§ 2A-510):        (a)    Terminate the lease contract (§ 2A-505(2)); or        (b)    Except in a finance lease, modify the lease contract by accepting the available quota in substitution, with due allowance from the rent payable for the balance of the lease term for the deficiency but without further right against the lessor.    (2)    If, after receipt of a notification from the lessor under § 2A-405, the lessee fails to so modify the lease agreement within a reasonable time not exceeding 30 days, the lease contract lapses with respect to any deliveries affected.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  2A-407 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 2A - Leases|Subtitle 4 - Performance of Leased Contract: Repudiated, Substituted, and Excused|Section 2A-407 - Irrevocable Promises: Finance Leases

    (1)    In the case of a finance lease that is not a consumer lease the lessee’s promises under the lease contract become irrevocable and independent upon the lessee’s acceptance of the goods.    (2)    A promise that has become irrevocable and independent under subsection (1):        (a)    Is effective and enforceable between the parties and by or against third parties including assignees of the parties; and        (b)    Is not subject to cancellation, termination, modification, repudiation, excuse, or substitution without the consent of the party to whom the promise runs.    (3)    This section does not affect the validity under any other law of a covenant in any lease contract making the lessee’s promises irrevocable and independent upon the lessee’s acceptance of the goods.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-101 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-101 - Short Title

    This title may be cited as Maryland Uniform Commercial Code -- Negotiable Instruments.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-102 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-102 - Subject Matter

    (a)    This title applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to payment orders governed by Title 4A, or to securities governed by Title 8.    (b)    If there is conflict between this title and Title 4 or 9, Titles 4 and 9 govern.    (c)    Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and operating circulars of the Federal Reserve Banks supersede any inconsistent provision of this title to the extent of the inconsistency.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-103 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-103 - Definitions

    (a)    In this title:        (1)    “Acceptor” means a drawee who has accepted a draft.        (2)    “Drawee” means a person ordered in a draft to make payment.        (3)    “Drawer” means a person who signs or is identified in a draft as a person ordering payment.        (4)    Reserved.        (5)    “Maker” means a person who signs or is identified in a note as a person undertaking to pay.        (6)    “Order” means a written instruction to pay money signed by the person giving the instruction. The instruction may be addressed to any person, including the person giving the instruction, or to one or more persons jointly or in the alternative but not in succession. An authorization to pay is not an order unless the person authorized to pay is also instructed to pay.        (7)    “Ordinary care” in the case of a person engaged in business means observance of reasonable commercial standards, prevailing in the area in which the person is located, with respect to the business in which the person is engaged. In the case of a bank that takes an instrument for processing for collection or payment by automated means, reasonable commercial standards do not require the bank to examine the instrument if the failure to examine does not violate the bank’s prescribed procedures and the bank’s procedures do not vary unreasonably from general banking usage not disapproved by this title or Title 4.        (8)    “Party” means a party to an instrument.        (9)    “Promise” means a written undertaking to pay money signed by the person undertaking to pay. An acknowledgment of an obligation by the obligor is not a promise unless the obligor also undertakes to pay the obligation.        (10)    “Prove” with respect to a fact means to meet the burden of establishing the fact (§ 1–201(b)(8)).        (11)    “Remitter” means a person who purchases an instrument from its issuer if the instrument is payable to an identified person other than the purchaser.    (b)    Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-104 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-104 - Negotiable Instrument

    (a)    Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d), “negotiable instrument” means an unconditional promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money, with or without interest or other charges described in the promise or order, if it:        (1)    Is payable to bearer or to order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder;        (2)    Is payable on demand or at a definite time; and        (3)    Does not state any other undertaking or instruction by the person promising or ordering payment to do any act in addition to the payment of money, but the promise or order may contain (i) an undertaking or power to give, maintain, or protect collateral to secure payment, (ii) an authorization or power to the holder to confess judgment or realize on or dispose of collateral, or (iii) a waiver of the benefit of any law intended for the advantage or protection of an obligor.    (b)    “Instrument” means a negotiable instrument.    (c)    An order that meets all of the requirements of subsection (a), except paragraph (1), and otherwise falls within the definition of “check” in subsection (f) is a negotiable instrument and a check.    (d)    A promise or order other than a check is not an instrument if, at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder, it contains a conspicuous statement, however expressed, to the effect that the promise or order is not negotiable or is not an instrument governed by this title.    (e)    An instrument is a “note” if it is a promise and is a “draft” if it is an order. If an instrument falls within the definition of both “note” and “draft”, a person entitled to enforce the instrument may treat it as either.    (f)    “Check” means (i) a draft, other than a documentary draft, payable on demand and drawn on a bank or (ii) a cashier's check or teller's check. An instrument may be a check even though it is described on its face by another term, such as “money order”.    (g)    “Cashier's check” means a draft with respect to which the drawer and drawee are the same bank or branches of the same bank.    (h)    “Teller's check” means a draft drawn by a bank (i) on another bank, or (ii) payable at or through a bank.    (i)    “Traveler's check” means an instrument that (i) is payable on demand, (ii) is drawn on or payable at or through a bank, (iii) is designated by the term “traveler's check” or by a substantially similar term, and (iv) requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the instrument.    (j)    “Certificate of deposit” means an instrument containing an acknowledgment by a bank that a sum of money has been received by the bank and a promise by the bank to repay the sum of money. A certificate of deposit is a note of the bank.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-105 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-105 - Issue of Instrument

    (a)    “Issue” means the first delivery of an instrument by the maker or drawer, whether to a holder or nonholder, for the purpose of giving rights on the instrument to any person.    (b)    An unissued instrument, or an unissued incomplete instrument that is completed, is binding on the maker or drawer, but nonissuance is a defense. An instrument that is conditionally issued or is issued for a special purpose is binding on the maker or drawer, but failure of the condition or special purpose to be fulfilled is a defense.    (c)    “Issuer” applies to issued and unissued instruments and means a maker or drawer of an instrument.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-106 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-106 - Unconditional Promise or Order

    (a)    Except as provided in this section, for the purposes of § 3-104(a), a promise or order is unconditional unless it states (i) an express condition to payment, (ii) that the promise or order is subject to or governed by another writing, or (iii) that rights or obligations with respect to the promise or order are stated in another writing. A reference to another writing does not of itself make the promise or order conditional.    (b)    A promise or order is not made conditional (i) by a reference to another writing for a statement of rights with respect to collateral, prepayment, or acceleration, or (ii) because payment is limited to resort to a particular fund or source.    (c)    If a promise or order requires, as a condition to payment, a countersignature by a person whose specimen signature appears on the promise or order, the condition does not make the promise or order conditional for the purposes of § 3-104(a). If the person whose specimen signature appears on an instrument fails to countersign the instrument, the failure to countersign is a defense to the obligation of the issuer, but the failure does not prevent a transferee of the instrument from becoming a holder of the instrument.    (d)    If a promise or order at the time it is issued or first comes into possession of a holder contains a statement, required by applicable statutory or administrative law, to the effect that the rights of a holder or transferee are subject to claims or defenses that the issuer could assert against the original payee, the promise or order is not thereby made conditional for the purposes of § 3-104(a); but if the promise or order is an instrument, there cannot be a holder in due course of the instrument.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-107 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-107 - Instrument Payable in Foreign Money

    Unless the instrument otherwise provides, an instrument that states the amount payable in foreign money may be paid in the foreign money or in an equivalent amount in dollars calculated by using the current bank-offered spot rate at the place of payment for the purchase of dollars on the day on which the instrument is paid.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-108 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-108 - Payable on Demand or at Definite Time

    (a)    A promise or order is “payable on demand” if it (i) states that it is payable on demand or at sight, or otherwise indicates that it is payable at the will of the holder, or (ii) does not state any time of payment.    (b)    A promise or order is “payable at a definite time” if it is payable on elapse of a definite period of time after sight or acceptance or at a fixed date or dates or at a time or times readily ascertainable at the time the promise or order is issued, subject to rights of (i) prepayment, (ii) acceleration, (iii) extension at the option of the holder, or (iv) extension to a further definite time at the option of the maker or acceptor or automatically upon or after a specified act or event.    (c)    If an instrument, payable at a fixed date, is also payable upon demand made before the fixed date, the instrument is payable on demand until the fixed date and, if demand for payment is not made before that date, becomes payable at a definite time on the fixed date.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-109 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-109 - Payable to Bearer or to Order

    (a)    A promise or order is payable to bearer if it:        (1)    States that it is payable to bearer or to the order of bearer or otherwise indicates that the person in possession of the promise or order is entitled to payment;        (2)    Does not state a payee; or        (3)    States that it is payable to or to the order of cash or otherwise indicates that it is not payable to an identified person.    (b)    A promise or order that is not payable to bearer is payable to order if it is payable (i) to the order of an identified person or (ii) to an identified person or order. A promise or order that is payable to order is payable to the identified person.    (c)    An instrument payable to bearer may become payable to an identified person if it is specially indorsed pursuant to § 3-205(a). An instrument payable to an identified person may become payable to bearer if it is indorsed in blank pursuant to § 3-205(b).
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-110 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-110 - Identification of Person to Whom Instrument Is Payable

    (a)    The person to whom an instrument is initially payable is determined by the intent of the person, whether or not authorized, signing as, or in the name or behalf of, the issuer of the instrument. The instrument is payable to the person intended by the signer even if that person is identified in the instrument by a name or other identification that is not that of the intended person. If more than one person signs in the name or behalf of the issuer of an instrument and all the signers do not intend the same person as payee, the instrument is payable to any person intended by one or more of the signers.    (b)    If the signature of the issuer of an instrument is made by automated means, such as a check-writing machine, the payee of the instrument is determined by the intent of the person who supplied the name or identification of the payee, whether or not authorized to do so.    (c)    A person to whom an instrument is payable may be identified in any way, including by name, identifying number, office, or account number. For the purpose of determining the holder of an instrument, the following rules apply:        (1)    If an instrument is payable to an account and the account is identified only by number, the instrument is payable to the person to whom the account is payable. If an instrument is payable to an account identified by number and by the name of a person, the instrument is payable to the named person, whether or not that person is the owner of the account identified by number.        (2)    If an instrument is payable to:            (i)    A trust, an estate, or a person described as trustee or representative of a trust or estate, the instrument is payable to the trustee, the representative, or a successor of either, whether or not the beneficiary or estate is also named;            (ii)    A person described as agent or similar representative of a named or identified person, the instrument is payable to the represented person, the representative, or a successor of the representative;            (iii)    A fund or organization that is not a legal entity, the instrument is payable to a representative of the members of the fund or organization; or            (iv)    An office or to a person described as holding an office, the instrument is payable to the named person, the incumbent of the office, or a successor to the incumbent.    (d)    If an instrument is payable to two or more persons alternatively, it is payable to any of them and may be negotiated, discharged, or enforced by any or all of them in possession of the instrument. If an instrument is payable to two or more persons not alternatively, it is payable to all of them and may be negotiated, discharged, or enforced only by all of them. If an instrument payable to two or more persons is ambiguous as to whether it is payable to the persons alternatively, the instrument is payable to the persons alternatively.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-111 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-111 - Place of Payment

    Except as otherwise provided for items in Title 4, an instrument is payable at the place of payment stated in the instrument. If no place of payment is stated, an instrument is payable at the address of the drawee or maker stated in the instrument. If no address is stated, the place of payment is the place of business of the drawee or maker. If a drawee or maker has more than one place of business, the place of payment is any place of business of the drawee or maker chosen by the person entitled to enforce the instrument. If the drawee or maker has no place of business, the place of payment is the residence of the drawee or maker.
MD. Commercial Law Code Ann. §  3-112 (2021)
2021 Maryland Statutes|Commercial Law|Title 3 - Negotiable Instruments|Subtitle 1 - General Provisions and Definitions|Section 3-112 - Interest

    (a)    Unless otherwise provided in the instrument, (i) an instrument is not payable with interest, and (ii) interest on an interest-bearing instrument is payable from the date of the instrument.    (b)    Interest may be stated in an instrument as a fixed or variable amount of money or it may be expressed as a fixed or variable rate or rates. The amount or rate of interest may be stated or described in the instrument in any manner and may require reference to information not contained in the instrument. If an instrument provides for interest, but the amount of interest payable cannot be ascertained from the description, interest is payable at the judgment rate in effect at the place of payment of the instrument and at the time interest first accrues.