reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
AL Code § 17-16-90 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 17 - Elections.|Chapter 16 - Post Election Procedures.|Article 4 - Alabama Voter Confidence Act|Section 17-16-90 - Limited Post-Election Audit of the November 8, 2022, Statewide General Election.

Section 17-16-90Limited post-election audit of the November 8, 2022, statewide general election. (a) This section shall be known and may be cited as the Alabama Voter Confidence Act. (b) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the Secretary of State may conduct a limited post-election audit of the November 8, 2022, statewide general election, as provided in this subsection. (1) The post-election audit shall be conducted no earlier than November 30, 2022, and no later than January 31, 2023. (2) Upon receiving from the county commission and judge of probate a request of a county to be added to a list of applicants, the Secretary of State may select up to three applicants to participate in the audit. To the extent possible, the three counties selected shall reflect the gender, race, and geographical areas of the state. The audit shall be conducted upon only one voting location in the county on only one statewide office selected by the Secretary of State and on one county office in each of the three selected counties. (3) In the three selected counties, the Secretary of State shall consult with the respective judge of probate and sheriff to select the day to conduct the audit and the county office to be audited. (4) To begin the audit process, the Secretary of State shall file a petition with the presiding circuit judge for the county stating the specific reason for the petition and include the specific voting location and races to be audited, and shall request a protective order in addition to the relief requested. If the circuit judge grants the petition, the judge shall deliver a written order to the respective judge of probate and sheriff granting them authority to open the appropriate ballot boxes and provide any other necessary election materials in order for the audit to be conducted. The order shall include the name of the voting location and the names of the statewide office and the county office to be audited. If the circuit judge does not grant the petition, the audit shall be considered concluded. (5) Poll workers shall be appointed to conduct the post-election audit, and appointments shall be made in the same manner as for any other election activity. (c) All expenses incurred by any county pursuant to this section shall be reimbursed from federal funds made available for use by the Secretary of State. If no federal funds are available, the Secretary of State shall be responsible for all costs associated with the audit. (d) The judge of probate shall make all results from the post-election audit public by posting the results on the courthouse door at the conclusion of the audit and posting the results on the official website of the Secretary of State. (e) The Secretary of State shall report all findings of the post-election audit to the Governor and the Legislature within 30 days of completion of the audit. (Act 2021-446, §1.)
AL Code § 18-1A-1 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 18-1A-1 - Short Title.

Section 18-1A-1Short title. This chapter may be cited as the "Alabama Eminent Domain Code." (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §101.)
AL Code § 18-1A-2 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 18-1A-2 - Scope of Chapter.

Section 18-1A-2Scope of chapter. (a) This chapter provides standards for the acquisition of property by condemnors, the conduct of condemnation actions, and the determination of just compensation. It does not confer the power of eminent domain, and does not prescribe or restrict the purposes for which or the persons by whom that power may be exercised. (b) This chapter supplements the law of this state relating to the acquisition of property and to the exercise of the power of eminent domain. In the event of conflict between this chapter and any other law with respect to any subject governed by this chapter, this chapter prevails. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §102.)
AL Code § 18-1A-4 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 18-1A-4 - Compromise or Settlement Between Parties.

Section 18-1A-4Compromise or settlement between parties. At any time before or after commencement of an action, the parties may agree to and carry out according to its terms a compromise or settlement as to any matter, including all or any part of the compensation or other relief. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §104.)
AL Code § 18-1A-5 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 1 - General Provisions and Definitions.|Section 18-1A-5 - Compliance With Requirements for Federal Financial Assistance.

Section 18-1A-5Compliance with requirements for federal financial assistance. Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, a condemnor may comply with any federal statute, regulation, or policy prescribing a condition precedent to the availability or payment of federal financial assistance for any program or project for which the condemnor is authorized to exercise the power of eminent domain. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §105.)
AL Code § 18-1A-20 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-20 - Application of Article.

Section 18-1A-20Application of article. (a) In order to encourage and expedite the acquisition of property by agreement, to avoid litigation and relieve congestion in the courts, to assure consistent treatment of owners, and to promote public confidence in practices and procedures relating to the acquisition of property for public use, a condemnor, when acquiring property, shall comply with applicable provisions of Sections 18-1A-21 through 18-1A-30. (b) Sections 18-1A-21 through 18-1A-30 apply to the purchase and acquisition of materials, supplies, equipment, or other personal property only if the condemnor determines to exercise its power of eminent domain with respect to that property or by reason of the exercise of such power substantially damages the same. (c) Sections 18-1A-21 through 18-1A-30 shall not apply to the purchase of lands under Chapter 3 of this title. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §201.)
AL Code § 18-1A-21 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-21 - Appraisal.

Section 18-1A-21Appraisal. Before commencing a condemnation action, the condemnor shall cause the property to be appraised to determine the amount that would constitute just compensation for its taking. The owner or his representative shall be given a reasonable opportunity to accompany the appraiser during the inspection of the property. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §202.)
AL Code § 18-1A-23 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-23 - Payment or Deposit Before Surrender of Possession.

Section 18-1A-23Payment or deposit before surrender of possession. An owner shall not be required to surrender possession of property before the condemnor: (1) Pays the agreed purchase price; or (2) Pays, or deposits in accordance with this chapter, the amount awarded by the condemnation order. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §204.)
AL Code § 18-1A-24 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-24 - Notice to Terminate Occupancy.

Section 18-1A-24Notice to terminate occupancy. Except in an emergency, a condemnor may not require a person lawfully occupying property to move from a dwelling, nor to move his business or farm operation, unless he has received written notice from the condemnor at least 90 days before the date by which the move is required. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §205.)
AL Code § 18-1A-25 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-25 - Rental to Former Owner or Tenant After Property Acquired.

Section 18-1A-25Rental to former owner or tenant after property acquired. If a condemnor, after acquiring property, rents all or part of the property to the former owner or tenant for a short term or for a period subject to termination by the condemnor on short notice, the amount of rent charged may not exceed the fair rental value of this property. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §206.)
AL Code § 18-1A-26 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-26 - Coercive Action Forbidden.

Section 18-1A-26Coercive action forbidden. In order to compel an agreement on the price to be paid for the property, a condemnor may not arbitrarily advance the time of condemnation, arbitrarily defer negotiations or condemnation, nor take any other action coercive in nature. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §207.)
AL Code § 18-1A-27 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-27 - Offer to Acquire Uneconomic Remnant.

Section 18-1A-27Offer to acquire uneconomic remnant. (a) If the acquisition of only part of a property would leave its owner with an uneconomic remnant, the condemnor shall offer to acquire the remnant concurrently and may acquire it by purchase or by condemnation if the owner consents. (b) "Uneconomic remnant" as used in this section means a remainder following a partial taking of property, of such size, shape, or condition as to be of little value or that gives rise to a substantial risk that the condemnor will be required to pay in compensation for the part taken an amount substantially equivalent to the amount that would be required to be paid if it and the remainder were taken as a whole. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §208.)
AL Code § 18-1A-28 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-28 - Acquisition of Improvements to Be Removed or Adversely Affected.

Section 18-1A-28Acquisition of improvements to be removed or adversely affected. A condemnor that acquires any interest in real property shall also acquire at least an equal interest in all buildings, structures, or other improvements located upon the real property acquired, which the condemnor requires to be destroyed or removed or which will be adversely affected by the use to which the real property will be put. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §209.)
AL Code § 18-1A-29 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-29 - Compensation for Tenant-Owned Improvements.

Section 18-1A-29Compensation for tenant-owned improvements. (a) If a building, structure, or other improvement to be acquired by a condemnor under Section 18-1A-28 is owned by a tenant: (1) It shall be deemed for the purpose of determining compensation to be a part of the real property to be acquired notwithstanding the right or obligation of the tenant, as against the owner of any other interest in the real property, to remove it at the expiration of his term; and (2) The compensation awarded shall include an amount sufficient to pay the tenant the larger of (i) the enhancement to the fair market value of the real property contributed by the improvement, or (ii) the fair market value of the improvement assuming its removal from the real property. (b) Payment under this section shall not duplicate any payment authorized by law, and may be made only if the owner of the real property disclaims any interest in the improvement. In consideration for the payment, the tenant shall assign, transfer, and release to the condemnor all of his interest in the improvement. (c) This section does not deprive the tenant of any right to reject payment hereunder and to seek to obtain payment for his interest in or damage to the improvement under any other law. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §210.)
AL Code § 18-1A-30 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-30 - Expenses Incidental to Transfer of Title; Interest on Award.

Section 18-1A-30Expenses incidental to transfer of title; interest on award. (a) As soon as practicable after payment of the purchase price, or payment of, or deposit in probate court, of funds to satisfy the award in a condemnation action, whichever is earlier, the condemnor shall pay, or reimburse the owner for, any reasonable and necessarily incurred expenses for: (1) Recording fees, transfer taxes, and similar expenses incidental to conveying the property to the condemnor; (2) Penalty costs for prepayment of any debt secured by a preexisting lien, entered into or created in good faith, encumbering the property; and (3) The prorated portion of property taxes allocable to a period after the date of vesting of title in, or the effective date of possession of the property by the condemnor, whichever is earlier. (b) In the event of an appeal to the circuit court, the condemnor shall pay the owner interest upon any part of the award deposited in probate court and not made available to the owner within 40 days of the order of condemnation in the probate court at a rate equal to the rate allowed to be charged on money judgments as set forth in Section 8-8-10 as amended at the date of the final order in the circuit court, with the interest to be computed by the circuit court. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §211.)
AL Code § 18-1A-31 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-31 - Waiver of Failure to Comply With Sections 18-1a-20 Through 18-1a-30.

Section 18-1A-31Waiver of failure to comply with Sections 18-1A-20 through 18-1A-30. If not inconsistent with the requirements of an applicable statute or regulation, a failure to satisfy the requirements or limitations imposed under Sections 18-1A-20 through 18-1A-30, inclusive: (1) Is waived by the failure of the property owner, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, to object to or seek relief based upon noncompliance; and (2) May be waived by written agreement between the property owner and the condemnor. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §212.)
AL Code § 18-1A-32 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-32 - Condemnation Action Required; Inverse Condemnation.

Section 18-1A-32Condemnation action required; inverse condemnation. (a) If property is to be acquired by a condemnor through the exercise of its power of eminent domain, the condemnor shall commence a condemnation action for that purpose. A condemnor shall not intentionally make it necessary for an owner of property to commence an action, including an action in inverse condemnation, to prove the fact of the taking of his property. (b) The judgment and any settlement in an inverse condemnation action awarding or allowing compensation to the plaintiff for the taking or damaging of property by a condemnor shall include the plaintiff's litigation expenses. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §213.)
AL Code § 18-1A-33 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 2 - Policies Governing Land Acquisition.|Section 18-1A-33 - Noncompliance With Article Does Not Affect Validity of Condemnor's Interest; Construction of Article With Federal Law as to Financial Assistance.

Section 18-1A-33Noncompliance with article does not affect validity of condemnor's interest; construction of article with federal law as to financial assistance. (a) A failure to satisfy the requirements or limitations of Sections 18-1A-20 through 18-1A-32 does not affect the validity of the condemnor's interest in any property which it acquires by purchase or condemnation. (b) This article shall be construed to be consistent with the requirements of federal law governing financial assistance for any project or purpose. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §214.)
AL Code § 18-1A-50 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action.|Section 18-1A-50 - Entry Upon Property for Suitability Studies.

Section 18-1A-50Entry upon property for suitability studies. (a) A condemnor and its agents and employees may enter upon real property for a reasonable time and make surveys, examinations, photographs, tests, soundings, borings, and samplings, or engage in other activities for the purpose of appraising the property or determining whether it is suitable and within the power of the condemnor to take for public use, if the entry is: (1) Preceded by reasonable efforts to notify the owner, and any other person known to be in actual physical occupancy of the property, of the time, purpose, and scope of the planned entry and activities; (2) Undertaken during reasonable daylight hours and for reasonable times; (3) Accomplished peaceably and without inflicting substantial injury; and (4) Not in violation of any other statute. (b) The entry and activities authorized by this section do not constitute a trespass or constitute grounds for an inverse condemnation action, but the condemnor is liable under Sections 18-1A-52 and 18-1A-54 for resulting damages. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §301.)
AL Code § 18-1A-51 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action.|Section 18-1A-51 - Court Order Permitting Entry.

Section 18-1A-51Court order permitting entry. (a) If reasonable efforts to accomplish a lawful entry or to perform authorized activities upon real property under Section 18-1A-50 have been obstructed or denied or would be futile, the condemnor may apply to the circuit court in the county where the property or any part is located for an order permitting entry. (b) Unless after notice good cause to the contrary is shown, the circuit court shall make its order permitting and describing the purpose of the entry and setting forth the nature and scope of activities the circuit court determines are reasonably necessary and authorized to be made upon the property. In addition to requiring a deposit under Section 18-1A-52, the order may include terms and conditions with respect to the time, place, and manner of entry and authorized activities upon the property which will facilitate the purpose of the entry and minimize damage, hardship, and burden. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §302.)
AL Code § 18-1A-52 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action.|Section 18-1A-52 - Bond for Damages Caused by Entry.

Section 18-1A-52Bond for damages caused by entry. (a) An order permitting entry under Section 18-1A-51 shall include a preliminary assessment by the circuit court of the probable amount that will fairly compensate the owner and any other person in lawful possession or physical occupancy of the property for damages for physical injury to the property, and for substantial interference with its possession or use, found likely to be caused by the entry and activities authorized by the order, and shall require the condemnor other than the state to enter into bond in double the amount of such preliminary assessment, with good and sufficient sureties, to pay such damages as the property owner or other person in lawful possession or physical occupancy of the property may sustain. The bond must be given before entry is made. (b) Unless sooner disbursed by agreement or court order, the amount of the bond sufficient to cover the damages sustained shall be paid to those determined by the circuit court to be entitled thereto upon termination of the activities as permitted in subsection (a) of Section 18-1A-50. The circuit court for good cause may extend the period of retention. (c) Upon the filing of an application for condemnation within the period of retention specified in subsection (b) naming as defendants the persons for whose benefit the bond was made or their successors in title and seeking to condemn for the public use for which entry was authorized hereunder, then the damages for injury to the property or for substantial interference with its possession and use shall be merged with and included within the compensation and damages ascertained in such condemnation proceeding, and the bond shall be refunded to the condemnor. In the event no such condemnation proceeding is instituted prior to the expiration of the period of retention, then the amount of damages for physical injury to the property and for substantial interference with its possession or use shall be determined as in other civil cases by the circuit court or, on demand of either party, by a jury and the award shall include interest at a rate equal to the rate allowed to be charged on money judgments as set forth in Section 8-8-10 as amended at the date of the final order in the circuit court, with the interest to be computed by the circuit court. If the deposit is paid out prior to filing the condemnation action any such payment covering areas condemned shall be credited by the court to the final payment by the condemnor. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §303.)
AL Code § 18-1A-53 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action.|Section 18-1A-53 - Modification of Court Order Permitting Entry.

Section 18-1A-53Modification of court order permitting entry. (a) After notice and hearing, the circuit court may modify an order made under Section 18-1A-51. (b) If a bond is required or the amount required is increased by an order of modification, the circuit court shall specify the time within which the required bond must be posted, and may direct that any further entry or specified activities or studies under the order as modified be stayed until any required bond has been given. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §304.)
AL Code § 18-1A-54 (2021)
2021 Code of Alabama|Title 18 - Eminent Domain.|Chapter 1A - Eminent Domain Generally.|Article 3 - Proceedings Before Action.|Section 18-1A-54 - Proceeding or Action to Recover Damages Caused by Entry; Payment of Damages.

Section 18-1A-54Proceeding or action to recover damages caused by entry; payment of damages. (a) A condemnor is liable for physical injury to, and for substantial interference with possession or use of, property caused by his entry and activities upon the property. This liability may be enforced in a subsequent condemnation proceeding filed within the period specified as a retention period in Section 18-1A-52 or, if no such proceeding is filed within such period of time, by civil action with the right of trial by jury on demand of either party. (b) If funds are on deposit under Section 18-1A-52 or 18-1A-53, the owner or other person entitled to damages under subsection (a) may apply to the circuit court for payment of his damages from such funds. If the amount on deposit is insufficient to pay the full amount, the circuit court shall enter judgment against the condemnor for the unpaid portion. (Acts 1985, No. 85-548, p. 802, §305.)