reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 20-49.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 3.1 - Proceedings to Determine Parentage|§ 20-49.6. Proceedings to establish paternity or enforce support obligations of males between the ages of fourteen and eighteen

In any proceeding to establish or enforce an obligation for support and maintenance of a child of unwed parents, a male between the ages of fourteen and eighteen who is represented by a guardian ad litem pursuant to § 8.01-9 and who has not otherwise been emancipated shall not be deemed to be under a disability as provided in § 8.01-2. The court may enter an order establishing the paternity of the child based upon an admission of paternity by such male made under oath before the court or upon such other evidence as may be sufficient in law to support a finding of paternity. The order may provide for support and maintenance of the child by the father and shall be enforceable as if the father were an adult.1988, cc. 866, 878.
VA Code § 20-49.7 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 3.1 - Proceedings to Determine Parentage|§ 20-49.7. Civil actions

An action brought under this chapter is a civil action. The natural parent and the alleged parent are competent to testify. Testimony of a physician concerning the medical circumstances of the pregnancy and the condition and characteristics of the child upon birth shall not be privileged. Bills for expenses incurred for pregnancy, childbirth and genetic testing shall be admissible as prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein, without requiring third-party foundation testimony if the party offering such evidence is under oath.1988, cc. 866, 878; 1997, cc. 792, 896.
VA Code § 20-49.10 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 3.1 - Proceedings to Determine Parentage|§ 20-49.10. Relief from legal determination of paternity

An individual may file a petition for relief and, except as provided herein, the court may set aside a final judgment, court order, administrative order, obligation to pay child support or any legal determination of paternity if a scientifically reliable genetic test performed in accordance with this chapter establishes the exclusion of the individual named as a father in the legal determination. The court shall appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interest of the child. The petitioner shall pay the costs of such test. A court that sets aside a determination of paternity in accordance with this section shall order completion of a new birth record and may order any other appropriate relief, including setting aside an obligation to pay child support. No support order may be retroactively modified, but may be modified with respect to any period during which there is a pending petition for relief from a determination of paternity, but only from the date that notice of the petition was served on the nonfiling party.A court shall not grant relief from determination of paternity if the individual named as father (i) acknowledged paternity knowing he was not the father, (ii) adopted the child, or (iii) knew that the child was conceived through artificial insemination.2001, c. 814.
VA Code § 20-60.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 4.1 - Support|§ 20-60.1. Applicability of chapter

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to and govern all cases arising under Title 16.1 and this title in which child or spousal support is at issue in any court of the Commonwealth, unless specifically excepted.1985, c. 488.
VA Code § 20-60.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 4.1 - Support|§ 20-60.2. Admissibility and identification of support payment records

Copies of support payment records maintained by the Department of Social Services, when certified over the signature of a designated employee of such entity, shall be considered to be satisfactorily identified and shall be admitted in any proceeding as prima facie evidence of such transactions. Additional proof of the official character of the person certifying such record or the authenticity of his signature shall not be required. Whenever an employee of the Department of Social Services is served with a summons, subpoena, subpoena duces tecum or order directing him to produce such records, the employee may comply by transmitting a copy of the payment records certified as described above to the clerk of the court. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, a judge may, upon good cause shown and upon notice of the items in the records being questioned, direct that an employee of the Department personally appear.1985, c. 488.
VA Code § 20-60.4 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 4.1 - Support|§ 20-60.4. Abstracts of orders, etc.; clerk shall transmit information regarding any order of support which is entered or modified to Department of Social Services

The transmission of data between the courts and the Department of Social Services shall be accomplished by electronic data transmission or by transmission of notices, abstracts of orders and other documents. The form and content of such transmissions shall be mutually approved by the Committee on District Courts and the Department of Social Services.1985, c. 488.
VA Code § 20-60.6 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 4.1 - Support|§ 20-60.6. When delivery of notice to party at last known address sufficient

In any subsequent child support enforcement proceeding between the parties, upon sufficient showing that diligent effort was made to ascertain the location of a party, that party may be served with any required notice by delivery of the written notice to that party's residential or business address as filed with the court pursuant to § 20-60.3 or the Department of Social Services, or if changed, as shown in the records of the Department of Social Services, or the court. However, any person served with notice as provided in this section may challenge, in a subsequent judicial proceeding, an order entered based upon such service on the grounds that he did not receive the notice and enforcement of the order would constitute manifest injustice.1997, cc. 796, 895; 1998, c. 884.
VA Code § 20-61 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-61. Desertion or nonsupport of wife, husband or children in necessitous circumstances

Any spouse who without cause deserts or willfully neglects or refuses or fails to provide for the support and maintenance of his or her spouse, and any parent who deserts or willfully neglects or refuses or fails to provide for the support and maintenance of his or her child under the age of eighteen years of age, or child of whatever age who is crippled or otherwise incapacitated from earning a living, the spouse, child or children being then and there in necessitous circumstances, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding $500, or confinement in jail not exceeding twelve months, or both, or on work release employment as provided in § 53.1-131 for a period of not less than ninety days nor more than twelve months; or in lieu of the fine or confinement being imposed upon conviction by the court or by verdict of a jury he or she may be required by the court to suffer a forfeiture of an amount not exceeding the sum of $1,000 and the fine or forfeiture may be directed by the court to be paid in whole or in part to the spouse, or to the guardian, curator, custodian or trustee of the minor child or children, or to some discreet person or responsible organization designated by the court to receive it. This section shall not apply to the parent of a child of whatever age, if the child qualifies for and is receiving aid under a federal or state program for aid to the permanently and totally disabled; or is an adult and meets the visual requirements for aid to the blind; and for this purpose any state agency shall use only the financial resources of the child of whatever age in determining eligibility; however, such parent is subject to prosecution under this section for the desertion or nonsupport of a spouse or of another child who is not receiving such aid.1944, p. 210; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1936; 1950, p. 613; 1954, c. 481; 1960, c. 275; 1966, c. 360; 1970, c. 284; 1972, cc. 460, 845; 1973, cc. 315, 346; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 644; 1976, c. 462; 2010, c. 619.
VA Code § 20-61.3 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-61.3. Consequences of a putative father failing to appear

If a putative father fails to appear after having been personally served with notice, in accordance with the provisions of subdivision 1 of § 8.01-296 or § 8.01-320, alleging that he is the father of a minor child, the court shall proceed in hearing the evidence in the case as provided in Chapter 3.1 (§ 20-49.1 et seq.) of Title 20 as if the putative father were present. The order of the court in any such proceedings shall be served upon the father in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 8 (§ 8.01-285 et seq.) or Chapter 9 (§ 8.01-328 et seq.) of Title 8.01.1988, cc. 867, 894; 1994, c. 869.
VA Code § 20-62 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-62. Commitment to workhouse, city farm or work squad for such desertion

In the event that the cities or counties of this Commonwealth or any of them establish workhouses, city farms or work squads on which prisoners are put to work, persons convicted of nonsupport under the provisions of this chapter may be committed to the farms, workhouses or work squads instead of to jail. Persons sentenced to jail or to a workhouse or city farm under the provisions of this chapter shall be required to do such work as they are capable of in accordance with the opinion of the physician examining such persons pursuant to § 53.1-33 and shall be returned, when released, to the court which exercised original jurisdiction in the case and by that court may be placed on probation upon the terms and conditions and in the manner prescribed by law for probation of original offenders in such cases.1944, p. 210; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1936; 1954, c. 481; 1970, c. 630; 1978, c. 377.
VA Code § 20-63 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-63. Support payments by county or city

It shall be the duty of the governing body of the county or city within the boundaries of which any work is performed under the provisions of this chapter to allow and order payment at the end of each calendar month, out of the current funds of the county or city, to the Department of Social Services for the support of the prisoner's spouse or child or children, a sum not less than $20 nor more than $40 for each week in the discretion of the court during any part of which any work is so performed by such prisoner.1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1936a; 1954, c. 481; 1958, c. 637; 1966, cc. 120, 437; 1974, c. 464; 1978, c. 586; 2016, c. 220.
VA Code § 20-64 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-64. Proceedings instituted by petition

Proceedings under this chapter may be instituted upon petition, verified by oath or affirmation, filed by the spouse or child or by any probation officer or by any state or local law-enforcement officer or by the Department of Social Services upon information received, or by any other person having knowledge of the facts, and the petition shall set forth the facts and circumstances of the case.1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937; 1974, c. 464; 2002, c. 747.
VA Code § 20-65 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-65. Summons or warrant; investigation and hearing

Upon the filing of such petition the court shall forthwith issue its summons or warrant against the spouse or parent and upon its execution may cause an investigation of the case to be made by a probation officer or other person designated for that purpose who shall report thereon to the court, and thereupon the court shall, upon the return date of the warrant or summons, proceed to determine and hear the case on its merits.1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 557.
VA Code § 20-66 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-66. Contempt proceedings; trial in absence of defendant

(a) If the person so summoned fails without reasonable cause to appear as herein required, he or she may be proceeded against as for contempt of court and the court may, (1) proceed with the trial of the case in his or her absence and render such judgment as to it seems right and proper, or (2) continue the case to some future date.(b) If the trial be proceeded with in the absence of the defendant and judgment of conviction be entered against him or her, he or she may, within thirty days after the judgment of conviction is rendered, make application to the court to have the case reopened, and after due notice to the original complainant, for good cause, the court may reopen the case and enter such judgment or order as is right and proper.1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937a; 1974, c. 464.
VA Code § 20-67 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-67. Jurisdiction

Proceedings under this chapter shall be had in the juvenile and domestic relations district courts, which shall have exclusive original jurisdiction in all cases arising under this chapter, except that any grand jury of any circuit court may indict for desertion and nonsupport in any case wherein the defendant is a fugitive from the Commonwealth, and any defendant so indicted or presented and apprehended may be tried by the court in which the indictment or presentment is found or, in the discretion of the court, referred to the juvenile and domestic relations district court.1944, p. 212; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937c; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 644.
VA Code § 20-68 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-68. Appeal

The person accused shall have the same right of appeal as provided by law in other similar cases; provided that any order of court requiring support of a spouse or children shall remain in full force and effect until reversed or modified by judgment of a superior court, and in the interim the order shall be enforceable by the court entering it and the court may punish for violation of the order as for contempt. After the judgment of conviction and entry of order of support from which no appeal is taken the hearing in the appellate court on an appeal from any subsequent order, modification or amendment shall be restricted to the particular matter or order appealed from.1944, p. 212; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937c; 1974, c. 464.
VA Code § 20-69 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-69. Fees of officers

The officers acting under this chapter shall be entitled to the same fees as are now or hereafter allowed in misdemeanor cases.1944, p. 212; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937c; 1974, c. 464.
VA Code § 20-70 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-70. No warrant of arrest to issue

Except as otherwise in this chapter provided, no warrant of arrest shall be issued by a magistrate against any person within the terms of this chapter, but all proceedings shall be instituted upon petition as aforesaid, provided that upon affidavit of the spouse or other person that there is reasonable cause to believe that the spouse or parent is about to leave the jurisdiction of the court with intent to desert the spouse, child or children, the court of, or any magistrate serving, the city or county may issue a warrant for the spouse or parent returnable before the court.1944, p. 211; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1937b; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 644; 2008, cc. 551, 691.
VA Code § 20-71 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-71. Temporary orders for support

At any time before the trial, upon motion of the complainant, with notice to the defendant, the court may enter such temporary order as seems just, providing for the support of the neglected spouse or children, or both, pendente lite, and may punish for violation of the order as for contempt.1944, p. 212; Michie Suppl. 1946, § 1938; 1974, c. 464.
VA Code § 20-71.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-71.1. Attorneys' fees in proceedings under § 20-71

In any proceeding by a spouse petitioning under § 20-71 before the juvenile and domestic relations district court or on appeal before a court of record, to be allowed support for himself or herself or the infant child or children of the defendant, the juvenile and domestic relations district court may direct the defendant, in addition to the allowance to the spouse and support and maintenance for the infant children, to pay to the spouse's attorney, upon such terms and conditions and in such time as the court shall deem reasonable, an attorney's fee deemed reasonable by the court for such services as said attorney before said court. Upon appeal of the matter to a court of record, the judge of the circuit court may direct that the defendant, in addition to the fees allowed to the spouse's attorney by the juvenile and domestic relations district court, pay to the spouse's attorney at such time and upon such terms and conditions as the judge deems reasonable, an attorney's fee deemed reasonable by the court for such services of said attorney before said court of record, but in fixing said fee such court shall take into consideration the fee or fees directed to be paid by the court from which said appeal was taken.1950, p. 741; 1974, c. 464; 1975, c. 644.
VA Code § 20-72 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-72. Probation on order directing defendant to pay and enter recognizance

Before the trial, with the consent of the defendant, or at the trial on entry of a plea of guilty, or after conviction, instead of imposing the penalties hereinbefore provided, or in addition thereto, the judge, in his discretion, having regard to the circumstances of the case and to the financial ability or earning capacity of the defendant, shall have the power to make an order, directing the defendant to pay a certain sum or a certain percentage of his or her earnings periodically, either directly or through the court to the spouse or to the guardian, curator or custodian of such minor child or children, or to an organization or individual designated by the court as trustee, and to suspend sentence and release the defendant from custody on probation, upon his or her entering into a recognizance with or without surety, in such sum as the court may order and approve.Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 466; 1940, p. 476; 1952, c. 692; 1974, c. 464.
VA Code § 20-73 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-73. Condition of the recognizance

The condition of the recognizance shall be such that if the defendant shall make his or her personal appearance in court upon such date as may be specified by the court, or whenever, in the meantime, he or she may be ordered so to do, and shall further comply with the terms of such order, or any subsequent modification or amendment thereof, then such recognizance shall be void, otherwise in full force and effect.Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 466; 1940, p. 477.
VA Code § 20-74 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-74. Support orders to remain in effect until annulled; modification

Any order of support or amendment thereof entered under the provisions of this chapter shall remain in full force and effect until annulled by the court of original jurisdiction, or the court to which an appeal may be taken; however, such order of support or terms of probation shall be subject to change or modification by the court from time to time, as circumstances may require, but no such change or modification shall affect or relieve the surety of his or her obligation under such recognizance, provided notice thereof be forthwith given to such surety. No support order may be retroactively modified, but may be modified with respect to any period during which there is a pending petition for modification in any court, but only from the date that notice of such petition has been given to the responding party.Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 467; 1940, p. 477; 1975, c. 644; 1987, c. 649; 2004, c. 204.
VA Code § 20-75 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-75. Procedure when accused outside territorial jurisdiction

Whenever the accused is outside the territorial jurisdiction of the court, instead of requiring his or her arrest and personal appearance before the court, the court may allow the accused to accept service of the process or warrant and enter a written plea of guilty. The court may thereupon proceed as if the accused were present and enter such order of support as may be just and proper, requiring the accused to enter into the recognizance hereinbefore mentioned. For the purposes of this chapter the court may authorize the entering into of such recognizance outside the territorial jurisdiction of the court before such official of the place where the accused or his or her surety may be and under such conditions and subject to such stipulations and requirements as the court may direct and approve. The provisions of this chapter as to the entering into of recognizances outside the territorial jurisdiction of the court shall likewise apply to any renewal of any recognizance heretofore or hereafter entered into in any desertion and nonsupport case.Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 467; 1940, p. 477; 1975, c. 644.
VA Code § 20-77 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-77. When authority to suspend sentence may be exercised; deduction of certain time from sentence

The authority of the court to suspend sentences under §§ 20-72 to 20-79 may be exercised at any time after conviction and before the completion of the sentence, and as often as the court may deem advisable and to the best interests of the parties, provided that such period or periods of time as may be actually served by the defendant shall be allowed against and deducted from the original sentence.Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 467; 1940, p. 477; 1974, c. 464.
VA Code § 20-78 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 20 - Domestic Relations|Chapter 5 - Desertion and Nonsupport|§ 20-78. Continuance of failure to support after completion of sentence

Any person sentenced under §§ 20-72 to 20-79 who, after the completion of such sentence, shall continue in his or her failure, without just cause, adequately to support his or her spouse or children, as the case may be, may again be sentenced on the original petition, as for a new offense, in the same manner and under like conditions as herein provided, and so on from time to time, as often as such failure or failures shall occur.Code 1919, § 1939; 1932, p. 467; 1940, p. 478; 1974, c. 464.