reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
DC Code § 29-406.50 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.50. Definitions

For the purposes of this part, the term: (1) “Corporation” includes any domestic or foreign predecessor entity of a nonprofit corporation in a merger, conversion, or domestication. (2) “Director” or “officer” means an individual who is or was a director or officer, respectively, of a nonprofit corporation or who, while a director or officer of the corporation, is or was serving at the corporation’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or agent of another domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity. A director or officer shall be considered to be serving an employee benefit plan at the corporation’s request if the individual’s duties to the corporation also impose duties on, or otherwise involve services by, the individual to the plan or to participants in or beneficiaries of the plan. The term “director” includes a member of a designated body. The term “director” or “officer” includes, unless the context requires otherwise, the estate or personal representative of a director or officer. (3) “Disinterested director” means a director who, at the time of a vote referred to in § 29-406.53(c) or a vote or selection referred to in § 29-406.55(b) or (c), is not: (A) A party to the proceeding; or (B) An individual having a familial, financial, professional, or employment relationship with the director whose indemnification or advance for expenses is the subject of the decision being made, which relationship would, in the circumstances, reasonably be expected to exert an influence on the director’s judgment when voting on the decision being made. (4) “Expenses” include attorneys’ fees. (5) “Liability” means the obligation to pay a judgment, settlement, penalty, fine, including an excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan, or reasonable expenses incurred with respect to a proceeding. (6)(A) “Official capacity” means: (i) When used with respect to a director, the office of director in a nonprofit corporation; and (ii) When used with respect to an officer, as contemplated in § 29-406.56, the office in a corporation held by the officer; and. (B) The term “official capacity” does not include service for any other domestic or foreign corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity. (7) “Party” means an individual who was, is, or is threatened to be made, a defendant or respondent in a proceeding. (8) “Proceeding” includes a threatened, pending, or completed proceeding.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-402.02.
DC Code § 29-406.51 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.51. Permissible indemnification

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a nonprofit corporation may indemnify an individual who is a party to a proceeding because he or she is or was a director against liability incurred in the proceeding if: (1) The individual: (A) Acted in good faith; (B) Reasonably believed: (i) In the case of conduct in an official capacity, that the conduct was in the best interests of the corporation; and (ii) In all other cases, that the individual’s conduct was at least not opposed to the best interests of the corporation; and (C) In the case of any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful; or (2) The individual engaged in conduct for which broader indemnification has been made permissible or obligatory under a provision of the articles of incorporation, as authorized by § 29-402.02(b)(7). (b) A director’s conduct with respect to an employee benefit plan for a purpose the director reasonably believed to be in the interests of the participants in and the beneficiaries of the plan is conduct that satisfies the requirement of subsection (a)(1)(B)(ii) of this section. (c) The termination of a proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, determinative that the director did not meet the relevant standard of conduct described in this section. (d) Unless ordered by a court under § 29-406.54(a)(3), a nonprofit corporation shall not indemnify a director: (1) In connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation, except for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the proceeding if it is determined that the director has met the relevant standard of conduct under subsection (a) of this section; or (2) In connection with any proceeding with respect to conduct for which the director was adjudged liable on the basis that the director received a financial benefit to which the director was not entitled, whether or not involving action in an official capacity.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720; Mar. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 19-210, § 2(d)(13), 59 DCR 13171.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.53, § 29-406.54, § 29-406.55, and § 29-406.58. Effect of Amendments The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 19-210 substituted “§ 29-402.02(b)(7)” for “§ 29-402.02(b)(8)” in (a)(2). Editor's Notes Application of Law 19-210: Section 7 of D.C. Law 19-210 provided that the act shall apply as of January 1, 2012.
DC Code § 29-406.52 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.52. Mandatory indemnification

A nonprofit corporation shall indemnify a director or officer to the extent the director or officer was successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which the director or officer was a party because the director or officer was a director or officer of the corporation against reasonable expenses incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceeding.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.53, § 29-406.54, and § 29-406.56.
DC Code § 29-406.53 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.53. Advance for expenses

(a) A nonprofit corporation may, before final disposition of a proceeding, advance funds to pay for or reimburse the reasonable expenses incurred by an individual who is a party to a proceeding because he or she is or was a director if the individual delivers to the corporation: (1) An affirmation in the form of a record of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the relevant standard of conduct described in § 29-406.51 or that the proceeding involves conduct for which liability has been eliminated by § 29-406.31(d) or under a provision of the articles of incorporation as authorized by § 29-402.02(c); and (2) An undertaking in the form of a record to repay any funds advanced if the individual is not entitled to mandatory indemnification under § 29-406.52 and it is ultimately determined under § 29-406.54 or § 29-406.55 that the individual has not met the relevant standard of conduct described in § 29-406.51. (b) The undertaking required by subsection (a)(2) of this section shall be an unlimited general obligation of the director, but need not be secured and may be accepted without reference to the financial ability of the director to make repayment. (c) Authorizations under this section shall be made: (1) By the board of directors: (A) If there are 2 or more disinterested directors, by a majority vote of all the disinterested directors, a majority of whom will constitute a quorum for that purpose, or by a majority of the members of a committee of 2 or more disinterested directors appointed by such a vote; or (B) If there are fewer than 2 disinterested directors, by the vote necessary for action by the board in accordance with § 29-406.24(c), in which authorization directors who do not qualify as disinterested directors may participate; or (2) By the members.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.50, § 29-406.54, and § 29-406.58.
DC Code § 29-406.54 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.54. Court-ordered indemnification and advance for expenses

(a) A director who is a party to a proceeding because he or she is or was a director may apply for indemnification or an advance for expenses to the Superior Court. After receipt of an application and after giving any notice it considers necessary, the court shall order: (1) Indemnification if the court determines that the director is entitled to mandatory indemnification under § 29-406.52; (2) Indemnification or advance for expenses if the court determines that the director is entitled to indemnification or advance for expenses pursuant to a provision authorized by § 29-406.58(a); or (3) Indemnification or advance for expenses if the court determines, in view of all the relevant circumstances, that it is fair and reasonable to: (A) Indemnify the director; or (B) Advance expenses to the director, even if the director has not met the relevant standard of conduct set forth in § 29-406.51(a), failed to comply with § 29-406.53, or was adjudged liable in a proceeding referred to in § 29-406.51(d)(1) or (d)(2), but if the director was adjudged so liable, his or her indemnification shall be limited to reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the proceeding. (b) If the Superior Court determines that the director is entitled to indemnification under subsection (a)(1) of this section or to indemnification or advance for expenses under subsection (a)(2) of this section, it shall also order the nonprofit corporation to pay the director’s reasonable expenses incurred in connection with obtaining court-ordered indemnification or advance for expenses. If the court determines that the director is entitled to indemnification or advance for expenses under subsection (a)(3) of this section, it may also order the corporation to pay the director’s reasonable expenses to obtain court-ordered indemnification or advance for expenses.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.51, § 29-406.53, and § 29-406.56.
DC Code § 29-406.55 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.55. Determination and authorization of indemnification

(a) A nonprofit corporation shall not indemnify a director under § 29-406.51 unless authorized for a specific proceeding after a determination has been made that indemnification of the director is permissible because the director has met the relevant standard of conduct set forth in § 29-406.51. (b) The determination shall be made: (1) If there are 2 or more disinterested directors, by a majority vote of all the disinterested directors, a majority of whom will constitute a quorum for that purpose, or by a majority of the members of a committee of 2 or more disinterested directors appointed by such a vote; (2) By special legal counsel: (A) Selected in the manner prescribed in paragraph (1) of this subsection; or (B) If there are fewer than 2 disinterested directors, selected by the board of directors, in which selection directors who do not qualify as disinterested directors may participate; or (3) By the members. (c) Authorization of indemnification shall be made in the same manner as the determination that indemnification is permissible, except that if there are fewer than 2 disinterested directors or if the determination is made by special legal counsel, authorization of indemnification shall be made by those entitled under subsection (b)(2)(B) of this section to select special legal counsel.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.50, § 29-406.53, and § 29-406.58.
DC Code § 29-406.56 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.56. Indemnification of officers

(a) A nonprofit corporation may indemnify and advance expenses under this part to an officer of the corporation who is a party to a proceeding because he or she is or was an officer of the corporation: (1) To the same extent as a director; and (2) If he or she is an officer but not a director, to such further extent as may be provided by the articles of incorporation, the bylaws, a resolution of the board of directors, or contract, except for: (A) Liability in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation other than for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the proceeding; or (B) Liability arising out of conduct that constitutes: (i) Receipt by the officer of a financial benefit to which the officer is not entitled; (ii) An intentional infliction of harm on the corporation or the members; or (iii) An intentional violation of criminal law. (b) Subsection (a)(2) of this section shall apply to an officer who is also a director if the basis on which he or she is made a party to the proceeding is an act or omission solely as an officer. (c) An officer of a corporation who is not a director shall be entitled to mandatory indemnification under § 29-406.52, and may apply to a court under § 29-406.54 for indemnification or an advance for expenses, in each case to the same extent to which a director may be entitled to indemnification or advance for expenses under those provisions.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.50.
DC Code § 29-406.57 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.57. Insurance

A nonprofit corporation may purchase insurance on behalf of an individual who is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or who, while a director or officer of the corporation, serves or served at the corporation’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or agent of another domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity, against liability asserted against or incurred by the individual in that capacity or arising from the individual’s status as a director or officer, whether or not the corporation would have power to indemnify or advance expenses to the individual against the same liability under this part.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)
DC Code § 29-406.58 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part E - Indemnification and Advance for Expenses|§ 29-406.58. Variation of indemnification

(a) A nonprofit corporation may, by a provision in its articles of incorporation or bylaws or in a resolution adopted or a contract approved by its board of directors or members, obligate itself in advance of the act or omission giving rise to a proceeding to provide indemnification as permitted by § 29-406.51 or advance funds to pay for or reimburse expenses as permitted by § 29-406.53. An obligatory provision satisfies the requirements for authorization referred to in §§ 29-406.53(c) and 29-406.55(c). Any such provision that obligates the corporation to provide indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law shall obligate the corporation to advance funds to pay for or reimburse expenses in accordance with § 29-406.53 to the fullest extent permitted by law, unless the provision specifically provides otherwise. (b) Any provision pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall not obligate the nonprofit corporation to indemnify or advance expenses to a director of a predecessor of the corporation, pertaining to conduct with respect to the predecessor, unless otherwise specifically provided. Any provision for indemnification or advance for expenses in the organic records, articles of incorporation, bylaws, or a resolution of the governors, board of directors, members or interest holders of a predecessor of the corporation in a fundamental transaction, or in a contract to which the predecessor is a party, existing at the time the fundamental transaction takes effect, shall be governed by: (1) Section 29-407.05(a)(2) in the case of a domestication; (2) Section 29-204.06(a)(3) in the case of a for-profit conversion; (3) Section 29-204.06(a)(3) in the case of a foreign for-profit domestication and conversion; (4) Section 29-204.06(a)(3) in the case of an entity conversion; or (5) Section 29-409.07(a)(4) in the case of a merger involving only nonprofit corporations, or § 29-202.06(a)(4) in the case of a merger involving another type of entity. (c) A nonprofit corporation may, by a provision in its articles of incorporation or bylaws, limit any of the rights to indemnification or advance for expenses created by or pursuant to this part. (d) This part shall not limit a nonprofit corporation’s power to pay or reimburse expenses incurred by a director or an officer in connection with appearance as a witness in a proceeding at a time when the director or officer is not a party. (e) A nonprofit corporation may indemnify, advance expenses to, or provide or maintain insurance on behalf of an employee, agent, or volunteer.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.54.
DC Code § 29-406.70 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part F - Conflicting Interest Transactions|§ 29-406.70. Conflicting interest transactions; voidability

(a) A contract or transaction between a nonprofit corporation and one or more of its members, directors, members of a designated body, or officers or between a nonprofit corporation and any other entity in which one or more of its directors, members of a designated body, or officers are directors or officers, hold a similar position, or have a financial interest, shall not be void or voidable solely for that reason, or solely because the member, director, member of a designated body, or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the board of directors that authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for that purpose, if: (1) The material facts as to the relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the board of directors and the board in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors even though the disinterested directors are less than a quorum; (2) The material facts as to the relationship or interest of the member, director, or officer and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the members entitled to vote thereon, if any, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of those members; or (3) The contract or transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved, or ratified by the board of directors or the members. (b) Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the board that authorizes a contract or transaction specified in subsection (a) of this section. (c) This section shall be applicable except as otherwise restricted in the articles of incorporation or bylaws.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-404.40, § 29-406.31, and § 29-406.80.
DC Code § 29-406.80 (2021)
2021 District of Columbia Code|Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title]|Chapter 4 - Nonprofit Corporations|Subchapter VI - Directors, Officers, and Employees|Part G - Business Opportunities|§ 29-406.80. Business opportunities

(a) The taking advantage, directly or indirectly, by a director of a business opportunity shall not be the subject of equitable relief, or give rise to an award of damages or other sanctions against the director, in a proceeding by or in the right of the nonprofit corporation on the ground that the opportunity should have first been offered to the corporation, if before becoming legally obligated or entitled respecting the opportunity the director brings it to the attention of the corporation and action by the members or the directors disclaiming the corporation’s interest in the opportunity is taken in compliance with the procedures set forth in § 29-406.70, as if the decision being made concerned a conflicting interest transaction. (b) In any proceeding seeking equitable relief or other remedies, based upon an alleged improper taking advantage of a business opportunity by a director, the fact that the director did not employ the procedure described in subsection (a) of this section before taking advantage of the opportunity shall not support an inference that the opportunity should have been first presented to the nonprofit corporation or alter the burden of proof otherwise applicable to establish that the director breached a duty to the corporation in the circumstances. (c) For the purposes of this section, the term “director” includes a member of a designated body.  (July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720.)  Section References This section is referenced in § 29-406.31.