GA Code § 15-10-43 (2021)
2021 Georgia Code|Title 15 - Courts|Chapter 10 - Magistrate Courts|Article 3 - Civil Proceedings|§ 15-10-43. Statement of Claim; Service of Process; Answer to Claim; Default Judgments; Opening of Default; Relief in Magistrate Court

  Actions shall be commenced by the filing of a statement of claim, including the last known address of the defendant, in concise form and free from technicalities. The plaintiff or his or her agent shall sign and verify the statement of claim by oath or affirmation. At the request of any individual, the judge or clerk may prepare the statement of claim and other papers required to be filed in an action. The statement of claim shall include a brief statement of the claim giving the defendant reasonable notice of the basis for each claim contained in the statement of claim and the address at which the plaintiff desires to receive the notice of hearing.   A copy of the verified statement of claim shall be served on the defendant personally, or by leaving a copy thereof at the defendant's dwelling or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein, or by delivering a copy of the claim to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, and such service shall be sufficient.Service of said process shall be made within the county as provided in this Code section. Service outside the county shall be by second original as provided in Code Section 9-10-72.Said service shall be made by any official or person authorized by law to serve process in the superior court, by a constable, or by any person sui juris who is not a party to, or otherwise interested in, the action, who is specially appointed by the judge of said court for that purpose.When the claim and notice are served by a private individual, such individual shall make proof of service by affidavit, showing the time and place of such service on the defendant.   An answer to the claim shall be filed with the court or orally presented to the judge or clerk of the court within 30 days after service of the statement of claim on the defendant to avoid a default. The answer shall be in concise form and free from technical requirements, but shall admit or deny the claim of the plaintiff. The answer shall contain the address at which the defendant desires to receive the notice of hearing. If the answer is presented to the judge or clerk orally, the judge or clerk shall reduce the answer to writing. Verification of an answer shall not be required. A copy of the answer shall be forwarded to the plaintiff and defendant with the notice of hearing. If an answer is timely filed or presented, the court shall within ten days of filing or presentation of the answer notify the defendant and the plaintiff of the calling of a hearing on the claim. The notice shall include the date, hour, and location of the hearing, which date shall be not less than 15 nor more than 30 days after the date the notice is given. The notice shall be served on the plaintiff and the defendant by mail or personal service to the address given by the plaintiff at the time he or she files his or her claim and the address given by the defendant at the time he or she files or presents his or her answer. The date of mailing shall be the date the notice is given. The clerk shall enter a certificate of service.   Upon failure of the defendant to answer the claim within 30 days after service of the statement of claim, the defendant shall be in default. The defaulting party may open the default upon filing an answer and upon payment of costs within 15 days of default.If the defendant is still in default after the expiration of 15 days after the answer is due, the plaintiff shall be entitled to a default judgment without further proof if the claim is for liquidated damages.When the claim is for unliquidated damages, the plaintiff must offer proof of the damage amount.Separate notice of the date and time of the unliquidated damages hearing shall be sent to the defendant at his or her service address.The defendant shall be allowed to submit evidence at that hearing on the issue of the amount of damage only.     When a hearing is scheduled pursuant to subsection (c) of this Code section, upon failure of the defendant to appear for the hearing, the plaintiff shall be entitled to have the defendant's answer stricken and a default judgment entered; provided, however, that no default judgment shall be granted if the defendant appears at trial through counsel. If the claim is for liquidated damages, the plaintiff shall be entitled to take a judgment in the amount set forth in the complaint without further proof. If the claim is for unliquidated damages, the plaintiff shall proceed to prove his or her damages and take judgment in an amount determined by the judge.   When a hearing is scheduled pursuant to subsection (d) of this Code section, upon failure of the defendant to appear, the plaintiff shall be entitled to submit proof of the damages and take judgment in an amount determined by the judge.   If the plaintiff fails to appear for a hearing scheduled pursuant to either subsection (c) or (d) of this Code section, the court on motion of the defendant, or on its own motion, may dismiss the plaintiff's complaint, with or without prejudice, in the discretion of the court.     At any time before final judgment, the court, in its discretion, upon payment of costs, may allow the default to be opened for providential cause preventing the filing of required pleadings or for excusable neglect or where the judge, from all the facts, shall determine that a proper case has been made for the default to be opened, on terms to be fixed by the court.In order to allow the default to be thus opened, the showing shall be made under oath, shall set up a meritorious defense, shall offer to plead instanter, and shall announce ready to proceed with the trial.   Notwithstanding the provisions of Code Section 15-10-42, the magistrate court may grant relief from a judgment under the same circumstances as the state court may grant such relief. Requests for relief from judgments pursuant to this Code section in the magistrate court shall be by filing a written motion which sets forth the issues with reasonable specificity. The procedure shall then be the same as in other cases except the court may assess costs as seem just.   A complaint in equity to set aside a judgment of the magistrate court may be brought under the same circumstances as a complaint to set aside a judgment in a court of record.   Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit an employee of any corporation or other legal entity from representing the corporation or legal entity before the magistrate court.     (Code 1981, §15-10-43, enacted by Ga. L. 1983, p. 884, § 2-1; Ga. L. 1984, p. 22, § 15; Ga. L. 1985, p. 627, § 1; Ga. L. 1986, p. 701, § 3; Ga. L. 1993, p. 974, § 2; Ga. L. 1997, p. 922, § 1; Ga. L. 2008, p. 824, § 2/HB 958; Ga. L. 2013, p. 561, § 3/SB 66.)   Cross references.   - Use of complaint in equity to set aside judgment prohibited, § 9-11-60(e).    Form of statement of claim, verification, and notice, § 15-10-48.   Designated agent for civil actions in magistrate courts, Uniform Rules for the Magistrate Courts, Rule 31.   Filing of civil actions by mail, Uniform Rules for the Magistrate Courts, Rule 32.   Computing answer dates in magistrate court civil actions, Uniform Rules for the Magistrate Courts, Rule 33.   Oral answer to magistrate court civil actions, Uniform Rules for the Magistrate Courts, Rule 34.   Third-party practice, Uniform Rules for the Magistrate Courts, Rule 39.   Consent judgments in civil actions, Uniform Rules for the Magistrate Courts, Rule 43.   Code Commission notes.   - Pursuant to Code Section 28-9-5, in 1987, "seem" was substituted for "seems" in the last sentence of subsection (f) (now subsection (g)).   JUDICIAL DECISIONS   ANALYSIS    General Consideration   Commencement of Action   Service of Summons   Defenses   Actions on Open Accounts    OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL   Editor's notes.   - In light of the similarities of the statutory provisions, opinions under former Code 1933, §§ 24-1106 and 24-1107 are included in the annotations for this Code section.   Method of service.   - In justice of the peace court, the defendant must be served with summons by constable, sheriff, or sheriff's deputy by either giving the defendant a copy in person or by leaving a copy at the defendant's usual and most notorious abode. 1973 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U73-69 (decided under former Code 1933, §§ 24-1106 and 24-1107).    This section does not apply to summary dispossession proceeding  since a dispossessory proceeding is not a civil suit. 1979 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U79-7 (decided under former Code 1933, §§ 24-1106 and 24-1107).   RESEARCH REFERENCES   ALR.   - What constitutes "appearance" under Rule 55(b)(2) of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, providing that if party against whom default judgment is sought has "appeared" in action, that party must be served with notice of application for judgment, 139 A.L.R. Fed 603.