reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 13.1-554.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 7 - Professional Corporations|§ 13.1-554.1. Income and property taxes

All professional corporations organized or qualifying under the provisions of this chapter, shall be taxed as corporations for income tax purposes and shall be subject to the provisions of Chapter 3 (§ 58.1-300 et seq.) of Title 58.1, entitled "Income Taxes," insofar as these provisions are applicable to corporations, and property owned by such corporations shall be taxed in the actual form in which it may exist and not as capital. The provisions of this section shall be effective January 1, 1971.1972, c. 214.
VA Code § 13.1-555 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 7 - Professional Corporations|§ 13.1-555. Merger

A professional corporation operating pursuant to the terms of this chapter may merge with one or more corporations, limited liability companies, or domestic partnerships only if the surviving corporation, limited liability company, or domestic partnership is a professional corporation, a professional limited liability company, or a domestic partnership all of the partners of which are professional corporations, professional limited liability companies, or individuals duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services as those for which the surviving professional corporation, professional limited liability company, or domestic partnership was incorporated or organized.1970, c. 77; 2008, c. 509.
VA Code § 13.1-556 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 7 - Professional Corporations|§ 13.1-556. Application of Chapter 9 or Chapter 10 of this title

The provisions of Chapter 9 (§ 13.1-601 et seq.) or Chapter 10 (§ 13.1-801 et seq.), as the case may be, of this title shall be applicable to professional corporations organized under the provisions of this chapter. Where a conflict arises between the provisions found in Chapter 9, or Chapter 10, as the case may be, and this chapter, this chapter shall control.1970, c. 77; 1972, c. 84; 2000, c. 194.
VA Code § 13.1-557 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-557. Short title

This chapter shall be known as the "Retail Franchising Act."1972, c. 561.
VA Code § 13.1-558 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-558. Policy of the Commonwealth

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Commonwealth, through the exercise by the General Assembly of its power to regulate commerce partly or wholly within the Commonwealth of Virginia, to correct as rapidly as practicable such inequities as may exist in the franchise system so as to establish a more even balance of power between franchisors and franchisees; to require franchisors to deal fairly with their franchisees with reference to all aspects of the franchise relationship and to provide franchisees more direct, simple, and complete judicial relief against franchisors who fail to deal in a lawful manner with them.1972, c. 561.
VA Code § 13.1-560 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-560. Registration required

It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or offer to sell a franchise in this Commonwealth unless the franchise is registered under the provisions of this chapter or exempted from registration by rule or order of the Commission.1972, c. 561; 1978, c. 670; 2007, c. 668; 2009, c. 148.
VA Code § 13.1-561.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-561.1. Fees to cover expense of regulation

The fees paid into the state treasury under this chapter, except for fees and funds collected for the Literary Fund, shall be deposited into a special fund and specifically accounted for and used by the State Corporation Commission to defray the costs of supervising, implementing, and administering the provisions of this chapter and Chapters 5 (§ 13.1-501 et seq.) and 6 (§ 13.1-528 et seq.) of this title, and Chapters 6.1 (§ 59.1-92.1 et seq.) and 7 (§ 59.1-93 et seq.) of Title 59.1. Included in the Commission's costs shall be a reasonable margin in the nature of a reserve fund. All excesses of fees collected exceeding these costs shall revert to the general fund.1987, c. 434.
VA Code § 13.1-562 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-562. Revocation of or refusal to renew registration

A. The Commission may, by order entered after a hearing on notice duly served on the defendant not less than thirty days before the date of the hearing, revoke the effectiveness of a franchise registration (or refuse to renew a registration if an application for renewal has been or is to be filed) if it finds that such an order is in the public interest or that the franchisor or any controlling person of the franchisor:1. Has engaged in any fraudulent transaction;2. Is insolvent, or in danger of becoming insolvent, either (i) in the sense that his liabilities exceed his assets or (ii) in the sense that he cannot meet his obligations as they mature;3. Is a person for whom a conservator or guardian has been appointed and is acting;4. Has been convicted, within or without this Commonwealth, of any misdemeanor involving a franchise, or any felony;5. Has failed to furnish information requested by the Commission concerning the conduct of his business; or6. Has violated any of the provisions of this chapter.B. If it appears to the Commission that it is in the public interest and that there exists one or more of the grounds enumerated in subdivisions (1) through (6) of subsection A of this section, the Commission may so notify the franchisor. The franchisor shall have seven business days from the date of the written notice from the Commission within which to file a written response to the matters addressed in the notice. If (i) the Commission notified, or reasonably attempted to notify, the franchisor in writing, (ii) it appears to be in the public interest, and (iii) either the Commission, after consideration of the franchisor's response, reasonably believes the ground or grounds exist or a response is not filed in a timely manner, the Commission may summarily enter an order suspending the effectiveness of the franchisor's registration pending final determination of any proceeding under this section. The Commission shall promptly send a copy of the suspension order to the franchisor and each of its subfranchisors, if any are known to the Commission. At a minimum, the order shall set forth the basis for the suspension as well as the franchisor's or subfranchisor's right to file a written request for a hearing within twenty-one days after the date of entry of the order. If a hearing is requested in a timely manner, the Commission, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing as soon as practicable, may modify or vacate the suspension order or continue it in effect until final determination of the proceeding under this section. If a hearing is not requested in a timely manner, the suspension order shall remain in effect until it is modified or vacated by the Commission.1972, c. 561; 1978, c. 670; 1991, c. 475; 1997, c. 921; 2007, c. 668.
VA Code § 13.1-563 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-563. Unlawful offers

It shall be unlawful for any person, in connection with the sale or offer to sell a franchise in this Commonwealth, directly or indirectly:1. To employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud;2. To make any untrue statement of a material fact or to omit to state a material fact necessary in order to avoid misleading the offeree;3. To engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the franchisee; or4. To fail to provide the franchisee a copy of (i) the franchise agreement and (ii) such disclosure document as may be required by rule or order of the Commission.1972, c. 561; 1978, c. 670; 1991, c. 475; 2009, c. 148.
VA Code § 13.1-564 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-564. Unlawful cancellation of franchise; undue influence

It shall be unlawful for a franchisor to cancel a franchise without reasonable cause or to use undue influence to induce a franchisee to surrender any right given to him by any provision contained in the franchise.1972, c. 561.
VA Code § 13.1-565 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-565. Voidable franchises

Any franchise may be declared void by the franchisee at his option by sending a written declaration of that fact and the reasons therefor to the franchisor by registered or certified mail if:1. The franchisor's offer to sell a franchise was unlawful, as provided in § 13.1-560 or § 13.1-563, provided that the franchisee send such written declaration within 72 hours after discovery thereof but not more than 90 days after execution of the franchise;2. The franchisee was not afforded the opportunity to negotiate with the franchisor on all provisions within the franchise, except that such negotiations shall not result in the impairment of the uniform image and quality standards of the franchise, provided that the franchisee send such written declaration within 30 days after execution of the franchise; or3. The franchisee was not furnished a copy of the franchise agreement and disclosure documents at least 72 hours prior to execution of the franchise, provided that the franchisee send such written declaration within 30 days after execution of the franchise.1972, c. 561; 1978, c. 670; 1979, c. 104; 1991, c. 475; 2009, c. 148.
VA Code § 13.1-566 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-566. Service of process on nonresident franchisor

Every nonresident franchisor who has a franchise registered hereunder and which is not a corporation complying with § 13.1-759 or § 13.1-767 shall appoint in writing the clerk of the Commission as his agent upon whom may be served any process, notice, order or demand. Every nonresident franchisor who sells or offers to sell a franchise registered hereunder and every nonresident franchisor whose franchise is sold or offered to be sold in this Commonwealth shall be deemed to have appointed the clerk of the Commission as his agent upon whom may be served, in any matter arising under this chapter any process, notice, order or demand. Service may be made on the clerk in accordance with § 12.1-19.1.1972, c. 561; 1978, c. 670; 1990, c. 263; 1991, c. 672; 2009, c. 148.
VA Code § 13.1-567 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-567. Investigations; confidentiality of information and documents

The Commission may make such investigations within or outside of this Commonwealth as it deems necessary to determine whether any person has violated the provisions of this chapter or any order or injunction of the Commission, and any franchisor found guilty of such a violation may be required to pay the actual costs of the investigation including the time of the investigator. The Commission shall have power to issue subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum to require the attendance of any person and the production of any papers for the purposes of such investigation. No person shall be excused from testifying on the ground that his testimony would tend to incriminate him, but if, after asserting his claim to the privilege, he is required to testify, he shall not be prosecuted or penalized on account of any transactions concerning which he does testify.Information or documents obtained or prepared by any member, subordinate or employee of the Commission in the course of any examination or investigation conducted pursuant to the provisions of this chapter shall be deemed confidential and shall not be disclosed to the public; provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall be interpreted to prohibit or limit (i) the publication of the findings, decisions, orders, judgments or opinions of the Commission; (ii) the use of any such information or documents in proceedings by or before the Commission or a hearing examiner appointed by the Commission; (iii) the disclosure of any such information or documents to any quasi-governmental entity substantially associated with the retail franchising business approved by rule of the Commission; or, (iv) the disclosure of any such information or documents to any governmental entity approved by rule of the Commission, or to any attorney for the Commonwealth, or to the Attorney General of Virginia.1972, c. 561; 1979, c. 379.
VA Code § 13.1-568 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-568. Injunctions

The Commission shall have all the power and authority of a court of record as provided in Article IX, Section 3 of the Constitution of Virginia to issue temporary and permanent injunctions against violations or attempted violations of this chapter or any order issued pursuant to this chapter. For the violation of any injunction or order issued under this chapter it shall have the same power to punish for contempt as a court of equity.1972, c. 561; 1992, c. 468.
VA Code § 13.1-569 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-569. Crimes

A. Any person who shall knowingly and willfully make, or cause to be made, any false statement in any book of account or other paper of any person subject to the provisions of this chapter, or knowingly and willfully exhibit any false paper to the Commission, or who shall knowingly and willfully commit any act declared unlawful by this chapter with the intent to defraud any franchisee or with intent to deceive the Commission as to any material fact for the purpose of inducing the Commission to take any action or refrain from taking any action pursuant to this chapter, shall be guilty of a Class 4 felony.B. Any person who shall knowingly make or cause to be made any false statement in any book of account or other paper of any person subject to the provisions of this chapter or exhibit any false paper to the Commission or who shall commit any act declared unlawful by this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $5,000, or by confinement in jail for not less than thirty days nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.C. Prosecutions under this section shall be instituted by indictments in the courts of record having jurisdiction of felonies within three years from the date of the offense.1972, c. 561; 1978, c. 670.
VA Code § 13.1-569.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-569.1. Commission may transmit record or complaint to locality where violation occurred

The Commission may transmit the record of any proceeding or complaint involving any violation of this chapter to the attorney for the Commonwealth in the county or city wherein the violation occurred.1978, c. 670.
VA Code § 13.1-570 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-570. Violations punishable by Commission

The Commission may, by judgment entered after a hearing on thirty days' notice to the defendant, if it be proved that the defendant has knowingly made any misrepresentation of a material fact for the purpose of inducing the Commission to take any action or to refrain from taking action, or has violated any provision of this chapter or any order, rule, or regulation of the Commission issued pursuant to this chapter, impose a civil penalty not exceeding $25,000, which shall be collectible by the process of the Commission as provided by law.Each franchise entered into contrary to the provisions of this chapter shall constitute a separate violation. The Commission may request the franchisor to rescind any franchise and to make restitution to the franchisee. If the franchisor complies with the request, the Commission shall consider such compliance in determining whether a penalty should be imposed on him on account of that illegal franchise, and if so, the amount of such penalty.1972, c. 561; 1990, c. 31; 1991, c. 475; 2000, c. 166.
VA Code § 13.1-571 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-571. Civil remedies

(a) Any franchisee who has declared the franchise void under § 13.1-565 or who has suffered damages by reason of any violation of § 13.1-564 may bring an action against its franchisor to recover the damages sustained by reason thereof. Such franchisee, if successful, shall also be entitled to the costs of the action, including reasonable attorney's fees.(b) No suit shall be maintained to enforce any liability created under this section unless brought within four years after the cause of action upon which it is based arose.(c) Any condition, stipulation or provision binding any person to waive compliance with any provision of this chapter or of any rule or order thereunder shall be void; provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall bar the right of a franchisor and franchisee to agree to binding arbitration of disputes consistent with the provisions of this chapter.(d) The rights and remedies provided by this section shall be in addition to any and all other rights and remedies that may exist at law or in equity.1972, c. 561.
VA Code § 13.1-572 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-572. Rules and forms

A. The Commission shall have authority from time to time to make, amend and rescind such rules and forms as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter, including, but not limited to rules and forms governing disclosure documents, applications and reports, escrow and deferral of franchise fees and other funds paid by the franchisee, and defining accounting, technical and trade terms used in this chapter not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter. The Commission shall have the authority, for the purpose of this chapter to prescribe the content and form of financial statements and to direct whether they should be certified by independent public or certified accountants. For the purpose of rules and forms, the Commission may classify franchises, persons and matters within its jurisdiction and prescribe different requirements for different classes.B. All such rules and forms shall be printed or mimeographed and available for distribution at the office of the Commission.1972, c. 561; 1978, c. 670; 2007, c. 668.
VA Code § 13.1-573 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-573. Certain records of Commission available to public; admissibility of copies; destruction

The information contained in or filed with any registration statement, application or report shall be available to the public at the office of the Commission. Copies thereof certified by the clerk under the seal of the Commission shall be admissible in evidence in lieu of the originals, and the originals shall not be removed from the office of the Commission. However, papers, documents and files may be destroyed by the Commission when, in its opinion, they no longer serve any useful purpose.1972, c. 561.
VA Code § 13.1-574 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 8 - Retail Franchising Act|§ 13.1-574. Effective date

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to grants and offers to grant franchises on and after July 1, 1972.1972, c. 561.
VA Code § 13.1-601 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 9 - Virginia Stock Corporation Act|§ 13.1-601. Short title

This chapter shall be known as the Virginia Stock Corporation Act.Code 1950, § 13.1-1; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522.
VA Code § 13.1-602 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 9 - Virginia Stock Corporation Act|§ 13.1-602. Reservation of power to amend or repeal

The General Assembly shall have power to amend or repeal all or part of this Act at any time and all domestic and foreign corporations subject to this Act shall be governed by the amendment or repeal.Code 1950, § 13.1-129; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522.
VA Code § 13.1-604.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 9 - Virginia Stock Corporation Act|§ 13.1-604.1. Filings with the Commission pursuant to reorganization

A. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in § 13.1-604, 13.1-619, 13.1-707, 13.1-718, 13.1-722.4, 13.1-722.11, or 13.1-742, whenever, pursuant to any applicable statute of the United States relating to reorganizations of corporations, a plan of reorganization of a corporation has been confirmed by the decree or order of a court of competent jurisdiction, the corporation may put into effect and carry out the plan and decrees of the court relative thereto, (i) through one or more amendments to the corporation's articles of incorporation containing terms and conditions permitted by this chapter; (ii) through a plan of merger, share exchange, domestication, or conversion; or (iii) through dissolution or termination, without action by the board of directors or shareholders to carry out the plan of reorganization ordered or decreed by such court of competent jurisdiction under federal statute.B. The individual or individuals designated by the court shall file with the Commission articles of amendment, merger, share exchange, domestication, conversion, dissolution, or termination, which, in addition to the matters otherwise required or permitted by law to be set forth therein, shall set forth:1. The name of the corporation;2. Any provision relating to the amendment or amendments; plan of merger, share exchange, domestication, or conversion; or dissolution or termination approved by the court;3. The name of the court and the date of the court's order or decree approving the amendment, plan of merger, share exchange, domestication, conversion, dissolution, or termination;4. The title and case number, if any, of the reorganization proceeding in which the order or decree was entered; and5. A statement that the court had jurisdiction of the proceeding under federal statute.C. If the Commission finds that the articles of amendment, merger, share exchange, domestication, conversion, dissolution, or termination comply with the requirements of law and that all required fees have been paid, it shall issue a certificate of amendment, merger, share exchange, domestication, conversion, dissolution, or termination.D. This section does not apply after entry of a final decree in the reorganization proceeding even though the court retains jurisdiction of the proceeding for limited purposes unrelated to consummation of the reorganization plan.1988, c. 194; 2005, c. 765; 2012, c. 130; 2019, c. 734.
VA Code § 13.1-605 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 13.1 - Corporations|Chapter 9 - Virginia Stock Corporation Act|§ 13.1-605. Issuance of certificate by Commission; recordation of documents

A. Whenever this chapter conditions the effectiveness of a document upon the issuance of a certificate by the Commission to evidence the effectiveness of the document, the Commission shall by order issue the certificate if it finds that the document complies with the requirements of law and that all required fees have been paid. The Commission shall admit any such certificate to record in its office.B. Whenever the Commission is directed to admit any document to record in its office, it shall cause it to be spread upon its record books or to be recorded or reproduced in any other manner the Commission may deem suitable. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Commission may furnish information from and provide access to any of its records by any means the Commission may deem suitable.Code 1950, § 13.1-126; 1956, c. 428; 1982, c. 375; 1984, c. 295; 1985, c. 522; 1986, c. 231; 1987, c. 183; 1988, c. 405; 1989, c. 152.