reglab/housing_qa huggingface dataset:
VA Code § 18.2-168 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-168. Forging public records, etc.

If any person forge a public record, or certificate, return, or attestation, of any public officer or public employee, in relation to any matter wherein such certificate, return, or attestation may be received as legal proof, or utter, or attempt to employ as true, such forged record, certificate, return, or attestation, knowing the same to be forged, he shall be guilty of a Class 4 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-92; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1976, c. 146.
VA Code § 18.2-169 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-169. Forging, or keeping an instrument for forging, a seal

If any person forge, or keep or conceal any instrument for the purpose of forging, the seal of the Commonwealth, the seal of a court, or of any public office, or body politic or corporate in this Commonwealth, he shall be guilty of a Class 4 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-93; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-170 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-170. Forging coin or bank notes

If any person (1) forge any coin, note or bill current by law or usage in this Commonwealth or any note or bill of a banking company, (2) fraudulently make any base coin, or a note or bill purporting to be the note or bill of a banking company, when such company does not exist, or (3) utter, or attempt to employ as true, or sell, exchange, or deliver, or offer to sell, exchange, or deliver, or receive on sale, exchange, or delivery, with intent to utter or employ, or to have the same uttered or employed as true, any such false, forged, or base coin, note or bill, knowing it to be so, he shall be guilty of a Class 4 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-94; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-171 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-171. Making or having anything designed for forging any writing, etc.

If any person engrave, stamp, or cast, or otherwise make or mend, any plate, block, press, or other thing, adapted and designed for the forging and false making of any writing or other thing, the forging or false making whereof is punishable by this chapter, or if such person have in possession any such plate, block, press, or other thing, with intent to use, or cause or permit it to be used, in forging or false making any such writing or other thing, he shall be guilty of a Class 4 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-95; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-172 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-172. Forging, uttering, etc., other writings

If any person forge any writing, other than such as is mentioned in §§ 18.2-168 and 18.2-170, to the prejudice of another's right, or utter, or attempt to employ as true, such forged writing, knowing it to be forged, he shall be guilty of a Class 5 felony. Any person who shall obtain, by any false pretense or token, the signature of another person, to any such writing, with intent to defraud any other person, shall be deemed guilty of the forgery thereof, and shall be subject to like punishment.Code 1950, § 18.1-96; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-172.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-172.1. Falsifying or altering and fraudulently using transcripts or diplomas; penalty

Any person who materially falsifies or alters a transcript or diploma from an institution of higher education and fraudulently uses the same for pecuniary gain or in furtherance of such person's education shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.1983, c. 91.
VA Code § 18.2-172.2 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-172.2. Maliciously affixing another's signature to writing; penalty

Any person who maliciously affixes a facsimile or likeness of the signature of another person to any writing without the permission of that person and with the intent to create the false impression that the writing was signed by that person is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.2008, c. 595.
VA Code § 18.2-173 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-173. Having in possession forged coin or bank notes

If any person have in his possession forged bank notes or forged or base coin, such as are mentioned in § 18.2-170, knowing the same to be forged or base, with the intent to utter or employ the same as true, or to sell, exchange, or deliver them, so as to enable any other person to utter or employ them as true, he shall, if the number of such notes or coins in his possession at the same time, be ten or more, be guilty of a Class 6 felony; and if the number be less than ten, he shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-97; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-174 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-174. Impersonating law-enforcement officer; penalty

Any person who falsely assumes or exercises the functions, powers, duties, and privileges incident to the office of sheriff, police officer, marshal, or other peace officer, or any local, city, county, state, or federal law-enforcement officer, or who falsely assumes or pretends to be any such officer, is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. A second or subsequent offense is punishable as a Class 6 felony.Code 1950, § 18.1-311; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2013, cc. 410, 431, 638.
VA Code § 18.2-174.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-174.1. Impersonating certain public safety personnel; penalty

Any person who willfully impersonates, with the intent to make another believe he is, an emergency medical services provider, firefighter, special forest warden designated pursuant to § 10.1-1135, fire marshal, or fire chief is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. A second or subsequent offense is punishable as a Class 6 felony.1993, c. 403; 2000, c. 962; 2002, c. 536; 2013, c. 431; 2015, cc. 502, 503.
VA Code § 18.2-175 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-175. Unlawful wearing of officer's uniform or insignia; unlawful use of vehicle with word "police" shown thereon

No person, not such an officer as is referred to in § 19.2-78, shall wear any such uniform as is designated pursuant to the provisions of such section or wear an insignia or markings containing the Seal of the Commonwealth or the insignia of any such officer's uniform, nor shall any person not such an officer, or not authorized by such officer, or not authorized by the military police of the armed forces or of the National Guard, or not authorized by the military police of other governmental agencies, use or cause to be used on the public roads or highways of this Commonwealth, any motor vehicle bearing markings with the word "police" shown thereon. However, the prohibition against wearing an insignia or markings containing the Seal of the Commonwealth shall not apply to any certified firefighter or to any certified or licensed emergency medical personnel. Any violation of this section shall be a Class 1 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-312; 1960, c. 358; 1966, c. 420; 1968, c. 675; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1979, c. 704; 1991, c. 424.
VA Code § 18.2-176 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-176. Unauthorized wearing or displaying on motor vehicles of any button, insignia or emblem of certain associations or societies or of Southern Cross of Honor

(a) No person shall wear the button or insignia of any order of police, trade union or veterans' organization or display upon a motor vehicle the insignia or emblem of any automobile club, medical society, order of police, trade union or veterans' organization or use such button, insignia or emblem to obtain aid or assistance unless entitled to wear, display or use the same under the constitution, bylaws, rules or regulations of the organization concerned.(b) No person shall wear any Southern Cross of Honor when not entitled to do so by the regulations under which such Crosses of Honor are given.(c) A violation of this section shall be a Class 3 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 18.1-410; 1960, c. 358; 1964, c. 124; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-177 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-177. Illegal use of insignia

Any person who shall willfully wear, exhibit, display, print, or use, for any purpose, the badge, motto, button, decoration, charm, emblem, rosette, or other insignia of any such association or organization mentioned in § 2.2-411, duly registered under Article 2 (§ 2.2-411 et seq.) of Chapter 4, Title 2.2, unless he shall be entitled to use and wear the same under the constitution and bylaws, rules and regulations of such association or organization, shall be guilty of a Class 4 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 2.1-80; 1966, c. 677; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-177.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-177.1. False representation of military status; penalty

A. It is unlawful for any person, with the intent to obtain any services, to falsely represent himself to be a member or veteran of the United States Armed Forces, Armed Forces Reserves, or National Guard by wearing the uniform or any medal or insignia authorized for use by the members or veterans of the United States Armed Forces, Armed Forces Reserves, or National Guard by federal or state law or regulation and obtain any services through such false representation.B. It is unlawful for any person, with the intent to obtain any services, to falsely represent himself as a recipient of any decoration or medal created by federal or state law or regulation to honor the members or veterans of the United States Armed Forces, Armed Forces Reserves, or National Guard and obtain any services through such false representation.C. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor.D. The provisions of this section shall not preclude prosecution under any other statute.2016, c. 236.
VA Code § 18.2-178 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-178. Obtaining money or signature, etc., by false pretense

A. If any person obtain, by any false pretense or token, from any person, with intent to defraud, money, a gift certificate or other property that may be the subject of larceny, he shall be deemed guilty of larceny thereof; or if he obtain, by any false pretense or token, with such intent, the signature of any person to a writing, the false making whereof would be forgery, he shall be guilty of a Class 4 felony.B. Venue for the trial of any person charged with an offense under this section may be in the county or city in which (i) any act was performed in furtherance of the offense, or (ii) the person charged with the offense resided at the time of the offense.Code 1950, § 18.1-118; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2001, c. 131; 2006, c. 321.
VA Code § 18.2-178.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-178.1. Financial exploitation of mentally incapacitated persons; penalty

A. It is unlawful for any person who knows or should know that another person suffers from mental incapacity to, through the use of that other person's mental incapacity, take, obtain, or convert money or other thing of value belonging to that other person with the intent to permanently deprive him thereof. Any person who violates this section shall be deemed guilty of larceny.B. Venue for the trial of an accused charged with a violation of this section shall be in any county or city in which (i) any act was performed in furtherance of the offense or (ii) the accused resided at the time of the offense.C. This section shall not apply to a transaction or disposition of money or other thing of value in which the accused acted for the benefit of the person with mental incapacity or made a good faith effort to assist such person with the management of his money or other thing of value.D. As used in this section, "mental incapacity" means that condition of a person existing at the time of the offense described in subsection A that prevents him from understanding the nature or consequences of the transaction or disposition of money or other thing of value involved in such offense.2013, cc. 419, 452.
VA Code § 18.2-179 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-179. Unlawful operation of coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine, etc.

Any person who shall operate, cause to be operated, or attempt to operate or cause to be operated any coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machine that operates on the coin-in-the-slot principle, whether of like kind or not, designed only to receive lawful coin of the United States of America, in connection with the use or enjoyment of telephone or telegraph service, parking privileges or any other service, or the sale of merchandise or other property, by means of a slug, or any false, counterfeit, mutilated, sweated or foreign coin, or by any means, method, trick or device whatsoever, not authorized by the owner, lessee or licensee of such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machine; or who shall obtain or receive telephone or telegraph service, parking privileges, merchandise, or any other service or property from any such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machines, designed only to receive lawful coin of the United States of America, without depositing in or surrendering to such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine, or other machine lawful coin of the United States of America to the amount required therefor by the owner, lessee or licensee of such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machine, shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.Code 1950, § 28.1-124; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-180 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-180. Manufacture, etc., of slugs, etc., for such unlawful use

Any person who, with intent to cheat or defraud the owner, lessee, licensee or other person entitled to the contents of any such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machine operated on the coin-in-the-slot principle, designed only to receive lawful coin of the United States of America, in connection with the use of any such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machine, or who, knowing or having reason to believe that the same is intended for such unlawful use, shall manufacture, sell, offer to sell, advertise for sale or give away any slug, device or substance whatsoever, intended or calculated to be placed or deposited in any such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machine, shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.The manufacture, sale, offer for sale, advertisement for sale, giving away or possession of any such slug, device or substance whatsoever, intended or calculated to be placed or deposited in any such coin box telephone, parking meter, vending machine or other machine that operates on the coin-in-the-slot principle, shall be prima facie evidence of intent to cheat or defraud within the meaning of this section and § 18.2-179.Code 1950, § 18.1-125; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-181 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-181. Issuing bad checks, etc., larceny

Any person who, with intent to defraud, shall make or draw or utter or deliver any check, draft, or order for the payment of money, upon any bank, banking institution, trust company, or other depository, knowing, at the time of such making, drawing, uttering or delivering, that the maker or drawer has not sufficient funds in, or credit with, such bank, banking institution, trust company, or other depository, for the payment of such check, draft or order, although no express representation is made in reference thereto, shall be guilty of larceny; and, if this check, draft, or order has a represented value of $1,000 or more, such person shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony. In cases in which such value is less than $1,000, the person shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.The word "credit" as used herein, shall be construed to mean any arrangement or understanding with the bank, trust company, or other depository for the payment of such check, draft or order.Any person making, drawing, uttering or delivering any such check, draft or order in payment as a present consideration for goods or services for the purposes set out in this section shall be guilty as provided herein.Code 1950, § 6.1-115; 1966, c. 584; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1978, c. 791; 1981, c. 230; 2018, cc. 764, 765; 2020, cc. 89, 401.
VA Code § 18.2-181.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-181.1. Issuance of bad checks

It shall be a Class 6 felony for any person, within a period of 90 days, to issue two or more checks, drafts or orders for the payment of money in violation of § 18.2-181 that have an aggregate represented value of $1,000 or more and that (i) are drawn upon the same account of any bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository and (ii) are made payable to the same person, firm or corporation.1988, c. 496; 2018, cc. 764, 765; 2020, cc. 89, 401.
VA Code § 18.2-182 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-182. Issuing bad checks on behalf of business firm or corporation in payment of wages; penalty

Any person who shall make, draw, or utter, or deliver any check, draft, or order for the payment of money, upon any bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository on behalf of any business firm or corporation, for the purpose of paying wages to any employee of such firm or corporation, or for the purpose of paying for any labor performed by any person for such firm or corporation, knowing, at the time of such making, drawing, uttering or delivering, that the account upon which such check, draft or order is drawn has not sufficient funds, or credit with, such bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository, for the payment of such check, draft or order, although no express representation is made in reference thereto, shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor; except that if this check, draft, or order has a represented value of $1,000 or more, such person shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.The word "credit," as used herein, shall be construed to mean any arrangement or understanding with the bank, banking institution, trust company, or other depository for the payment of such check, draft or order.In addition to the criminal penalty set forth herein, such person shall be personally liable in any civil action brought upon such check, draft or order.Code 1950, § 6.1-116; 1966, c. 584; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2005, c. 598; 2018, cc. 764, 765; 2020, cc. 89, 401.
VA Code § 18.2-182.1 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-182.1. Issuing bad checks in payment of taxes

Any person who shall make, draw, utter, or deliver two or more checks, drafts, or orders within a period of ninety days which have an aggregate represented value of $1,000 or more, for the payment of money upon any bank, banking institution, trust company, or other depository on behalf of any taxpayer for the payment of any state tax under § 58.1-486 or § 58.1-637, knowing, at the time of such making, drawing, uttering, or delivering, that the account upon which such check, draft, or order is drawn has not sufficient funds or credit with such bank, banking institution, trust company, or other depository for the payment of such check, draft, or order, although no express representation is made in reference thereto, shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.The word "credit," as used herein, means any arrangement or understanding with the bank, banking institution, trust company, or other depository for the payment of such check, draft, or order.1992, c. 763.
VA Code § 18.2-183 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-183. Issuance of bad check prima facie evidence of intent and knowledge; notice by certified or registered mail

In any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, the making or drawing or uttering or delivery of a check, draft, or order, payment of which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit shall be prima facie evidence of intent to defraud or of knowledge of insufficient funds in, or credit with, such bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository unless such maker or drawer, or someone for him, shall have paid the holder thereof the amount due thereon, together with interest, and protest fees (if any), within five days after receiving written notice that such check, draft, or order has not been paid to the holder thereof. Notice mailed by certified or registered mail, evidenced by return receipt, to the last known address of the maker or drawer shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer.If such check, draft or order shows on its face a printed or written address, home, office, or otherwise, of the maker or drawer, then the foregoing notice, when sent by certified or registered mail to such address, with or without return receipt requested, shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer, whether such notice shall be returned undelivered or not.When a check is drawn on a bank in which the maker or drawer has no account, it shall be presumed that such check was issued with intent to defraud, and the five-day notice set forth above shall not be required in such case.Code 1950, § 6.1-117; 1966, c. 584; 1975, cc. 14, 15.
VA Code § 18.2-184 (2021)
2021 Code of Virginia|Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally|Chapter 6 - Crimes Involving Fraud|§ 18.2-184. Presumption as to notation attached to check, draft or order

In any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, any notation attached to or stamped upon a check, draft or order which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit, bearing the terms "not sufficient funds," "uncollected funds," "account closed," or "no account in this name," or words of similar import, shall be prima facie evidence that such notation is true and correct.Code 1950, § 6.1-117.1; 1970, c. 695; 1974, c. 322; 1975, cc. 14, 15.