Conversation so far:
what was the revival of casuistry?
By reviving casuistry (also known as case ethics), Toulmin sought to find the middle ground between the extremes of absolutism and relativism.
what were some of his beliefs about this?
Casuistry employs absolutist principles, called "type cases" or "paradigm cases," without resorting to absolutism.
can you tell me more about these "cases"?
It uses the standard principles (for example, sanctity of life) as referential markers in moral arguments.
An individual case is then compared and contrasted with the type case.
what else is interesting about casuistry?
Casuistry was practiced widely during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to resolve moral issues.
How did Toulmin relate this to moral issues?
Through the procedure of casuistry, Toulmin and Jonsen identified three problematic situations in moral reasoning.
what were the three problematic situations?
first, the type case fits the individual case only ambiguously; second, two type cases apply to the same individual case in conflicting ways.

Question: what is the third?
Self-contained rewrite: What is the third problematic situation of moral reasoning?