Conversation so far:
What happened to them?
Goodman notes that during this period in Russia, Jews had two basic alternatives for joining the art world.
What leads them their?
other alternative--the one that Chagall chose--was "to cherish and publicly express one's Jewish roots.
What did this lead them to do?
For Chagall, this was also his means of "self-assertion and an expression of principle.

Question: What happened to the people?
Self-contained rewrite: What happened to Marc Chagall and the Jewish people?