Conversation so far:
What was Alfred Russel a well known figure as?
he began to question the efficacy of vaccination.
What vaccinations did he question?
smallpox.
Did he suggest to use vaccinations?
vaccination, which at the time was often done in a sloppy and unsanitary manner, could be dangerous.

Question: How was vaccinations done during this time?
Self-contained rewrite: How were vaccinations done during Alfred Russel Wallace's time?