In TNG "Who Watches the Watchers" we learn about the Mintakans, who are described as "proto-Vulcan humanoids".  Does this mean that the Mintakans come from a common ancestor to the Vulcans, or does it mean that the two species have evolved coincidentally to share many of the same features? (Or not so coincidentally if you take into account that genetic-seeding by the super ancient humanoids.)

We have been shown many species that look completely like humans, and even entire planets that mirror Earth (TOS "Miri") and maybe some of those species could be considered "proto-human humanoids".

I don't think it has been defined how long Vulcans have had space travel, or if it's even possible the Vulcans evolved from some other species that had space travel earlier, and the Mintakans are some off-shoot of that species.  This could possibly be justified from what Spock says in TOS "Return to Tomorrow" where he seems to suggest in response to Sargon and the astrobiology doctor that there are unexplained issues with Vulcans evolving on the planet Vulcan, that they might have been colonized by Sargon's people instead.

Interesting reading:
http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Vulcan_history


Question: What is the difference between unicast, anycast, broadcast and multicast traffic?
Answer: Anycast is not a widely accepted type of communication in IPv4, but it is present in IPv6.

Three type of communication in IPv4 are 1) Unicast, 2) Multicast 3) Broadcast.

1) IPv4 Unicast One-to-One type of communication. A network device communicates with another network device. Layer 3 address used for Unicast is IPv4 Class A, Class B, Class C addresses. Layer 2 address is a unicast MAC address.

Example: Browse a website, Download file using FTP, Connect to another device using SSH (Secure Shell) etc.

2) IPv4 Multicast One-to-many type of communication. A network device send an IPv4 data packet and it is delivered to the devices who are interested in that traffic. Layer 3 address  used for IPv4 multicast is Class D IPv4 addresses (starts from 224 to 239) Layer 2 address for IPv4 multicast starts with "01:00:5e".

Example: IPTV, OSPF Hello messages, EIGRP Hello messages, RIPv2 Route Updates.

3) IPv4 Broadcast One-to-All type of communication. A network device send an IPv4 data packet and it will be delivered all devices in that LAN Segment. Problem with broadcast traffic is, broadcasts disturb all devices in LAN and cause bandwidth wastage.

Example: DHCPv4 Discover messages

In IPv6, we have Unicast, Multicast and Anycast. The concept of Unicast and Multicast are same in IPv4 and IPv6, except the changes in IPv6 Layer 3 addresses used for broadcast &amp; multicast and the Layer 2 address used for multicast. Layer 2 address used for IPv6 multicast traffic starts from "33:33:" (in Ipv4, it is "01:00:5e"). 

IPv6 Anycast IPv6 Anycast type of communication is used to identify an interface from a group of interfaces, which provide the same service, but near to the client in routing distance (we can compare routing distance similar to geographical distance). Anycast is possible only with the help of routing protocols.

Check the below link for more clear explanation about IPv6 Anycast.

http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/ipv6/unicast-multicast-anycast-types-of-network-communication-in-ipv6.php

Example,  My home is located in India, and I want to resolve the FQDN "www.serverfault.com" to an IP address. Consider I have three DNS servers, one located in USA, other in Canada, and other in India, all providing the same service. Better choice is the DNS server from India, because it is located near to my home. I will get a faster reply and cause less network traffic if I use the service near my place.  Anycast can find the Server which is near to my home and get the service from that Server.