As an orthodox Jew I have seen quite a stir lately regarding the topic of biblical criticism, specifically towards the Old Testament (Torah). 

I have perused several questions in this stack which seem to address this topic in general, and learned a lot about apologetics, but I have not seen answers that address some of the major claims of biblical criticism, especially as it pertains to the Old Testament. 

For example:


The story of Noah and the flood seems to be contradicted by archaeological evidence as well as having been 'borrowed' from earlier flood narratives such as the Gilgamesh story
Many of the portions of the Old Testament seem to be borrowed from earlier near eastern texts such as the Hammurabi code 
The notion that there are multiple authors (documentary hypothesis) of the Old Testament.


In short, how does Christianity deal with some of the major contentions of biblical criticism towards the Old Testament?



I apologize if any parts of my question offend any sensibilities to which I am unaware. 


Question: Differences between no child vs no children
Answer: Swan in Practical English Usage (p352) has a good entry on this question:


  After no, countable nouns are usually plural unless the sense makes a
  singular noun necessary. Compare: 
  
  
  He's got no children. (More natural than He's got no child.) 
  He's got no wife. (More normal than He's got no wives.)
  


So, They have no children is indeed more common and natural than They have no child. Conversely, They have no car seems more natural than They have no cars.