I am curious to see a simple demonstration of how special relativity leads to Lorentz Invariance of the Maxwell Equations. Differential form will suffice. 


Question: Which part of the sentence can decide the meaning of "for"?
Answer: The use of prepositions is governed by the contexts in which they occur. 

You are probably familiar with 'phrasal verbs', in which the meaning is non-compositional: this preposition with that verb has such-and-such meaning. Exactly the same thing is true of the prepositions employed with adjectives and nouns. In your examples, the 'meaning' of for is idiomatic, determined by the term which it modifies and which governs it:


  responsible for ...
  too much X for ...
  advice for ...
  time for ...
  space for ... 
  evidence for ...  


There is no Why it means what it means, just How.