For some reason the rubbish website shows that the Shoreditch stop is just off the Ivory Coast. Any idea where it actually is?


Question: How are electromagnetic waves differentiated?
Answer: 
  why doesn't the receiver of this device happen to catch another wave of the same frequency instead of the one that was intended?


It does catch other waves at the same frequency. This is called noise. Communications are engineered so that the signal is significantly stronger than the potential noise such that it can still be reliably demodulated.

More generally, all wireless communications use the same medium (the electromagnetic field), and the problem of allowing multiple users access to this shared medium is multiplexing. While frequency division multiplexing is most common, it is not the only way: for example ultra-wideband communications may use time-division multiplexing, and spread-spectrum may use code-division multiplexing.

These methods can also be used in combination. For example, we may tune a receiver to a particular frequency (frequency-division multiplexing), and simultaneously use a directional antenna to reduce sensitivity in directions where there is only noise (space-division multiplexing). A system's ability to distinguish the desired signal from noise is called selectivity, and the more known about the desired signal (frequency, timing, phase, polarization, etc), the more selective a receiver can be.


  is there anything that stops me from having a device that emits a wide range of frequencies or amplitudes that would manipulate nearby electronics?


Regulatory bodies, such as the FCC, in conjunction with international bodies such as the ITU, establish licenses and laws which grant specific users or classes of users exclusive access to allocated spectrum. Violators are fined, or made by force if necessary to stop transmitting.

A device that transmits over some range of frequencies with the intent of disabling other radio devices would be called a jammer. There's no technical reason you couldn't build one, but ultimately the government's monopoly on violence will discourage you. A military, having no reason to fear these consequences, makes jammers all the time.